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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED?
Tuesday, June 14, 2016 - 8:30am-9:45am, Clark, Lower Level
Presented by: Joe Schommer, Senior Accounts Manager, RESA Power
Jake Jacobson, Facilities Program Manager, Facilities Construction & Management, Utah Administrative Services The world of electrical hazards, protection and accident prevention can be a confusing place. Hundreds of deaths and thousands of injuries can be avoided each year by following the NFPA 70E: Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace. Be prepared by arming yourself with the knowledge of the types of electrical hazards and the effects of electrical shock from a 20-year electrical maintenance industry veteran. This session will identify the need for electrical safety as well as electrical maintenance and safety programs. Attendees will learn about arc flash hazard risk assessment, personal protective equipment (PPE) and shock and arc flash approach boundaries. Reduce your liability concerns while establishing a culture of safe work practices among employees after attending this session. ABOUT THE SPEAKERS JOE SCHOMMER has been involved in the electrical maintenance and testing industry for over 20 years. Starting as a field service technician and progressing through the disciplines, Joe has experienced the importance of maintenance and acceptance testing and how these practices improve reliability and ultimately safety within your electrical distribution system. Joe brings practical application experience for improving the safety of your facility by adhering to NETA and the NFPA 70E guidelines, merging electrical safety with electrical maintenance. JAKE JACOBSON is a Facilities Operations and Maintenance Program Manager for the State of Utah Division of Facilities Construction and Management. He has been in this position for 13 years and worked his way through the organization in several different roles. The Division Operates and maintains properties throughout Utah, Jake's role is to administer this program and insure the safety of the tenants and the 130 plus employees employed by DFCM throughout the state His back ground prior to working for the State was as an Electrical and Mechanical Contractor working in a variety of different areas Including commercial and Industrial processing. He has been a Master Electrician in the State of Utah for 26 years and has been involved with a variety of types and needs for Electrical work.
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED? Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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Parts of 70E have been around since 1979/1981. OSHA actually adopted new regulations on safe electrical work practices in 1990 based on 70E. However, the reason we’re just now talking about 70E is because the NEC
(National Electrical Code) and OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) have both started referring to
it in their documents, and citations are now being written on 70E.
In September 1999 a major U.S. corporation experienced an electrical accident that resulted in serious burn injuries to an electrical apprentice
employee. OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) investigated the accident and issued a number of citations. The employer challenged the citations and the disagreement ended up before the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission.
As a part of the citation OSHA contended that the employer violated a federal regulation because it did not provide or require that its electricians wear appropriate flame‐resistant or retardant personal protection, specifically, flame‐resistant coveralls and insulated gloves.
OSHA also contended that the employer violated a regulation when I did not provide or require that its electricians wear appropriate
face protection.
Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED? Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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In the settlement the employer agreed to develop hazard analyses in accordance with the personal protective
equipment provisions contained in NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) 70E. OSHA agreed that given the present state of its standards and regulations, the hazard
analyses would achieve compliance with their requirements.
OSHA has not adopted NFPA 70E, and does not mandate 70E compliance, yet you can be cited for non‐compliance!!
In 29 CFR 1910.2(g) a National Consensus Standard is defined as a standard that is developed by the same persons it affects and then is adopted by a nationally
recognized organization.
Some examples of organizations that publishnational consensus standards include:
NFPA, ASTM and ANSI
Before attempting to address the questions concerning compliance, it is important to understand what is the
“General Duty Clause” ‐
Section 5.(a)(1) within the ACT: Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970
5. Duties(a) Each employer
(1) Shall furnish to each of his employees and place of employment which are free from recognizedhazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees;
Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED? Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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Section 5(a)(1) has become known as“The General Duty Clause”.
It is a catch all for citations if OSHA identifies unsafe conditions to which a regulation does not exist. In practice, OSHA, court precedent, and the review commission have established that if the following elements are present, a “general
duty clause” citation may be issued.
1) The employers failed to keep the workplace free of a hazard to which employees of that Employer were exposed.
2) The hazard was recognized. (Examples might include: through your safety personnel, employees, organization, trade organization or industry customs).
3) The hazard was causing or was likely to cause death or serious physical harm.
4) There was a feasible and useful method to correct the hazard.
Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED? Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED? Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED? Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED? Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED? Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED? Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED? Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED? Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED? Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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Percent
Of
Workforce
Years of experience
Percent
Hours into shift
A greater
proportion ofinjuries occurred
six or more hours
into shift(32%)
Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED? Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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Electrical ShockElectrocution Internal and external burns
Arc FlashPotentially severe external burns
Arc BlastPressure and sound waves Shrapnel (in excess of 700 MPH)
Electrocution is the FOURTH highest cause of industrial fatalities
The National Safety council estimates 1000 fatalities each year are due to electrocution, more than half of them while servicing energized systems of less than 600 volts
Over 30,000 non‐fatal electrical shock accidents occur each year
Most of the deaths and injuries that occurred could have been avoided
WARNING LABELProvidesBoundaryinformation
RestrictedLimited
Restricted
Limited
Flash Boundary
Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED? Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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Nominal System Voltage(Phase to Phase) 50 V ‐150 V 151 V – 750
V751V ‐15kV
15.1kV‐36kV
36.1kV‐46kV
LimitedApproachBoundaryDistance
(L)
From aMoveableConductor
3 m (10 ft 0 in.)
3 m (10 ft 0 in.)
3 m (10 ft 0 in.)
3 m (10 ft 0 in.)
3 m (10 ft 0 in.)
From aFixed
Conductor
1 m(3 ft. 6 in.)
1 m(3 ft. 6 in.)
1.5 m(5 ft. 0 in.)
1.8 m(6 ft. 0 in.)
2.5 m(8 ft. 0 in.)
Unqualified individual(s) shall be advised by the qualified person of the electrical hazard and warned to stay outside the
limited approach boundary
An approach limit at a distance from an exposed energized electrical conductor or circuit part within which a shock hazard exists.
To cross the Limited Approach Boundary and enter the limited space a person should meet the following criteria:
1. Be “Qualified” to perform the job/task. 2. Be able to identify the hazards and associated risks
with the tasks to be performed.
An Approach limit at a distance from an exposed live part within which there is increased risk of
shock due of electrical arc‐over
Nominal System Voltage(Phase to Phase) 50 V-150V 151 V -
750 V751 V -15kV
15.1kV -36kV
36.1 kV -46kV
Includes InadvertentMovement Adder Avoid
Contact.3 m
(1 ft. 0 in.).7 m
(2 ft. 2 in.).8 m
(2 ft. 7 in.).8 m
(2 ft. 9 in.)
Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED? Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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An approach limit at a distance from an exposed energized electrical conductor or circuit part, within which there is an increased risk of shock due to electrical arc over combined with inadvertent movement, for personnel working in close proximity to the energized electrical conductor or circuit part.
To cross the Restricted Approach Boundary and enter the restricted space, qualified persons should meet the following criteria:
1. Have an energized electrical work permit authorized by management.
2. Use personal protective equipment (PPE) that is rated for the voltage and energy level involved.
3. Minimize the likelihood of bodily contact with exposed energized conductors and circuit parts from inadvertent movement.
4. Use insulated tools.
Pressure Waves
Copper Vapor:Solid to VaporExpands by67,000 times
Molten Metal
Intense Light
Hot Air-Rapid Expansion
35,000 °F
Shrapnel
Sound Waves
One of the hottest things on earth
Size of arc is independent of voltage
Amount of short circuit current available determines size of arc
Responsible for about 75% of all industrial electrical injuries
Arcs on low voltage systems can be just as dangerous as arcs on medium & high voltage systems
Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED? Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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RestrictedLimited
Warning Labelprovides boundary
information.
Flash Boundary
Trained and knowledgeable in the construction and operation of equipment or specific work method
Able to recognize and avoid electrical hazards
May be qualified with respect to certain equipment and methods but unqualified for others.
To work within the
You must be trained to:
Distinguish exposed energized parts from other parts
Determine nominal voltage
Determine approach distances
Determine degree and extent of hazard and PPE required.
Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED? Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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480 Volt System
6‐Cycle Arcing Fault (0.1 sec)
IR
50 cal/cm22000 psf
Shrapnel
165 db
UV
Visible
1000° C
15000° C
>740 mph
Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED? Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED? Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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NFPA 70E – 2015 Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace
Sets the requirements for Safe Work Practices Establishes the requirements for:
● Shock Hazards Boundaries● Arc Flash Boundaries● Incident Energy● Methods of calculations for Arc Flash ● Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED? Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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● Determines Trip Time for Each Protective Device based on Arcing Fault Current
● Calculates Incident Energy at Working Distance● Calculates Arc Flash Boundary● Determines Required PPE● Is Used to Generate Warning Labels
Based on Maintained Equipment!!(70E-130.5)
Part of the Electrical Safety Program should include:
Article 110 General Requirements for Electrical Safety‐Related Work Practices.– 110.1 Electrical Safety Program
• (B) Maintenance. The electrical safety program shall include elements that consider condition of maintenance of electrical equipment and systems.
Article 205 General Maintenance Requirements.– 205.3 General Maintenance Requirements
• Electrical equipment shall be maintained in accordance with manufacturers’ instructions or industry consensus standards to reduce the risk associated with failure. The equipment owner or the owner’s designated representative shall be responsible for maintenance of the electrical equipment and documentation.
Informational Note:
Common industry practice is to apply test or calibration decals to equipment to indicate the test or calibration date and overall condition of equipment that has been tested and maintained in the field. These decals provide the employee immediate indication of last maintenance date and if the tested
device or system was found acceptable on the date of test. This local information can assist the employee in the assessment of overall electrical
equipment maintenance status.
Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED? Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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Infrared Inspection MCB LVB
Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED? Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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LVB Switch Disconnects
Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED? Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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Liquid Filled Transformer DRY TYPETRANSFORMERS
Arc Flash Situation:
● 20,000‐amp short‐circuit● 480 volts● 3‐inch arch gap● The worker is 18 inches from the arc● With a 5 cycle clearing time for a 3‐phase arc, incident energy is 3.79 cal/cm2 – Category 2
Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED? Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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Due to a sticky mechanism, with a 30 cycle clearing time Incident energy is 38.64 cal/cm2 – Category 4
The worker could be seriously injured because he/she was under protected
Most common cause of opening delay Improper lubrication of circuit breakers
Maintenance is extremely important to an electrical safety program
Arc Rating of FR Clothing and Equipment must match the Arc Flash Exposure Level
Arc Flash Exposure
80 cal/cm2
Arc Rating of Clothing(2 FR Layers)
Arc Rating21cal/cm2
Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED? Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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WHY NOT WEAR CONVENTIONAL WORK CLOTHES?
Everyday fabrics can ignite, burn and meltwhen exposed to an Electric Arc
Cotton, wool, silk are flammable but don’t melt Polyester, Nylon, Polypropylene MELT AND BURN
If everyday fabric does ignite and burn. It can significantlyincrease the extent of a worker’s burn injury.
When ConventionalClothing Ignites…
Clothed areas can beBurned more severelyThan exposed skin
Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED? Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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Items NOT to be Worn:
• Conductive jewelry and clothing such as:
• Watchbands, bracelets, rings, metal earrings, necklaces, metallized aprons
• Clothes with conductive threads
• Metal headgear
• Metal framed safety glasses
ASTM Arc Rated Clothing Labeling:
● Manufacturer & manufacturer tracking code● Care Instructions● Fabric fiber content● Garment size● Meets ASTM F1506 Fire Retardant Standards● Lists ATPV (Arc Thermal Performance Value) in
calories per square centimeter
Step 1: Conduct Arc Flash Risk Assessment
Step 2: Reduce Hazards Where Possible
Step 3: Assess and Categorize PPE Needs
Step 4: Select PPE to Match Arc Flash Risk Assessment
The Arc Hazard is identified, quantified and matched to PPE
Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED? Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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Not all injuries will be prevented
Injuries can be minimized
Quality of life can be preserved
NFPA 70E Definition
Electrically Safe Work Condition. A state in which the conductor or circuit part to be worked on or near has
been disconnected from energized parts, locked/tagged in accordance with established standards, tested to ensure the absence of voltage, and grounded if
determined necessary.
The need for PPE is still present during lock‐out, tag‐out, testing and grounding.
Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED? Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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The Arc Flash Risk Assessment needs to be addressed to reduce injuriesAnd fatalities in the workplace
NFPA 70E is an effective approach for addressing theArc Flash Risk Assessment
PPE labeling can clarify the protection level of FR daily wear usedwith Arc Flash suits
PPE labeling can indicate approaches to reduce the probability of2nd degree burn injury
Workforce involvement and Education are key to launching an FR daily wear & PPE Program for the Arc Flash Risk Assessment
Still Confused?
Here’s the bottom line:
Many OSHA regulations are written in general terms leaving the details up to the employer on how to comply. The employer is
expected to use consensus standards to help in the selection of the best method to achieve compliance with the OSHA regulations.
NFPA 70E is not a Federal regulation, it is a “how to comply” consensus standard for specific OSHA regulations. Compliance with 70E will assure compliance with some OSHA electrical regulations.
Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED? Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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In the event of an injury or death due to an electrical accident, ifOSHA determines that compliance with 70E would have prevented or lessened the injury, OSHA may site the employer under the
“general duty clause” for not using 70E to protect the employee(s). In a 2003 “Standards Interpretation” letter OSHA stated 70E can be
used as evidence of whether the employer acted reasonably.
If you do nothing YOU RISK:
• Fatality/Injury• Treatment cost• Fines• Litigation• Insurance• Perform OSHA mandated analysis
If you wear improper PPE YOU RISK:
• Inadequate or excessive PPE• Fatality/Injury• Treatment cost• Fines• Litigation• Insurance• Perform OSHA mandated analysis
Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED? Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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WHEN PERFORMING THE ANALYSIS:
• Should be performed by a registered professional Engineering Firm
• Issue the analysis report with results
• Professional should make recommendations
• Training
“Safety starts with Awareness”
“Awareness starts with YOU!”
Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED? Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am