In Arabic the majority of meanings do not come from the words.
[pg 10]The vast majority of meanings in Arabic come from vowels,
patterns and grammatical strctre. [pg 10!11]Ibn "haldn tells s that
Arabic has a core and a central theme. It is the most sophisticated
system on the planet for conveyance of meaning precisely becase the
majority of meanings do not come from the words. They come from the
vowels. [pg 11]#bject $ %erb $ &bject '#%&( is the format
they se in )nglish. The sbject is at the very front, verb in the
middle and object at the end. If yo change the word order it alters
the meaning. *hat was originally the object now becomes the sbject,
what was originally the sbject becomes the object. It limits yo to
only one way of e+pressing the meaning. [pg 1,]- .orphology is the
area of classical Arabic that deals with verbs and how consonants
are groped together and vowelled sing particlar patterns 'which
yo/ll see shortly(. The consonants are given vowels0 the vowels
give yo the tense and the voice. They re1ect the gender, plrality
and the person of the one doing theverb 'the sbject( so yo 2now
whether the sbject of the verb is a male or female and yo are able
to properly connect the verb with the pronon.- 3rammar deals with
sentence strctre and how to distingish between the roles that the
nons play within the sentence. I.e. which non is the one doing the
verb and which non is the one pon whom the verb is being done.- The
third science is 4hetoric. It is the most advanced area of Arabic
and teaches yo how to craft impactfl and in1ential speech. #o once
yo/ve assessed the mind!set, mental capacity, the desires,
frstrations and pains of the adience, yo can spea2 accordingly. [pg
15]The system that Ibn "haldn described as the most advanced,
sophisticated and sperior system on the planet for conveying
meaning, has a word level and sentence level. [pg 16]#arf is the
science of classical Arabic that focses on patterns and endings.
[pg ,7]At this point in the mapping, we end p with 7 things8 words,
sentences and phrases. This is the sbject matter of grammar. The
reason I say that is becase when people spea2, they spea2 in
sentences, which are made p of words and phrases. If yo 2now
everything there is to 2now abot the word, the sentence and the
phrase then that is all of grammar. [pg ,9]In Arabic there are
three parts of speech. They are8 ::: 'ism(, ::::: ';/l( and :::
::'harf(. [pg ,6]iBerence between a sentence and a phraseA sentence
is a grop of words that contains a sbject predicate relationship.A
phrase is a grop of words that lac2s this sbject predicate
relationship.*hat/s a sbject predicate relationship: This is a
relationship between two or more words, which conveys to the
adience a bene;t pon which silence is appropriate.=et me e+plain
what I mean by that. If I say, for e+ample, Etall boyF and then
stop tal2ing, yo/re going to be sitting there waiting for me to
contine. It/s becase I haven/t spo2en a fll sentence. I/ve only
said a phrase.#ilence is not appropriate after spea2ing a phrase.
*hen I spea2 a phrase, I convey information in sch a way that yo
e+pect me to 2eep tal2ing and say something else to complete my
statement.If, on the other hand, I say EThe boy is tall,F and then
stop tal2ing, that wold be o2 becase I/ve spo2en a fll sentence.
I/ve organiAed my words in sch a way that there is a
sbject!predicate relationship between them 'with EThe boyF being
the sbject and EtallF being the predicate(. As a reslt, I/ve
conveyed a bene;t pon which silence is appropriate. [pg 77]Types of
sentencesThe grammarians have classi;ed sentences into two
types8%erbal sentence andGominal sentenceIf there is a ver in the
sentence it is called a verbal it is called a verbal sentence.A
sentence that starts with the non as its sbject is a nominal
sentence.The three states which aBect nons are8'rafa?( ! he'nasb( !
him'jarr( ! his [pg 76]
