ARABIC 367ARABIC 367

ISLAM ISLAM

Pillars of Islam & Shri’aPillars of Islam & Shri’a

What is Islam?

The term Islam derives from the root s-l-m The term Islam derives from the root s-l-m (submission, peace, commitment, surrender)(submission, peace, commitment, surrender)Islam: Monotheistic religion revealed to Islam: Monotheistic religion revealed to Muhammad ibn Abdullah (610-632 C.E.). The Muhammad ibn Abdullah (610-632 C.E.). The name Islam was instituted by the Qur’an, name Islam was instituted by the Qur’an, sacred scripture revealed to Muhammad.sacred scripture revealed to Muhammad.Islam is not a new religion. It is the last Islam is not a new religion. It is the last reiteration of the primordial message of God’s reiteration of the primordial message of God’s Oneness, a theme found in earlier monotheistic Oneness, a theme found in earlier monotheistic religious traditions.religious traditions.

What does the term “ Allah ”mean?What does the term “ Allah ”mean?

Allah = al + ilah = GodAllah = al + ilah = God

Allah is the proper name for the Creator as Allah is the proper name for the Creator as found in the Qur’an.found in the Qur’an.

Eloh, Eloh, Eluhim, El, Eluhim, El, Dios, DieuDios, Dieu

Who are Muslims?Who are Muslims?

Muslim is one who willfully submits to God. In Muslim is one who willfully submits to God. In Islam, everything in creationIslam, everything in creation ) ) microbes, plants, microbes, plants, animals, mountains, human beings, rivers…animals, mountains, human beings, rivers…(( is is “Muslim,” testifying to the majesty of the “Muslim,” testifying to the majesty of the Creator and submitting or committing to His Creator and submitting or committing to His divine laws.divine laws.Commonly, the term Muslim refers to one who Commonly, the term Muslim refers to one who believes in the “ Shahadah ”, and embraces a believes in the “ Shahadah ”, and embraces a lifestyle in accordance with the Islamic principles lifestyle in accordance with the Islamic principles and values.and values.

What is “Shahadah”?What is “Shahadah”?

Shahadah: Witnessing that “There is no Shahadah: Witnessing that “There is no deity but Allah, and Muhammad is his deity but Allah, and Muhammad is his Messenger.”Messenger.”

The Five Pillars of Islam

Shahadah - Declaration of FaithShahadah - Declaration of Faith

Salah - PrayerSalah - Prayer

Sawm - FastingSawm - Fasting

Zakat - Mandatory Almsgiving TaxZakat - Mandatory Almsgiving Tax

Hajj – Pilgrimage to MeccaHajj – Pilgrimage to Mecca

Basic Beliefs of Muslims

Muslims believe in…Muslims believe in…

Allah -Allah - The one GodThe one God

AngelsAngels - (and the world of the unseen)- (and the world of the unseen)

Prophets - (and Muhammad as the last prophet)Prophets - (and Muhammad as the last prophet)

Divine Scriptures Divine Scriptures (and the Qur’an as the final scripture)(and the Qur’an as the final scripture)

Day of judgment – (reward and punishment)Day of judgment – (reward and punishment)

Belief in Al-QadarBelief in Al-Qadar

ISLAMIC LAWISLAMIC LAW

Shari’aShari’a

Qur’anQur’an

Sunnah (sayings and actions of the Sunnah (sayings and actions of the Prophet)Prophet)

Ijma (consensus among Muslim scholars Ijma (consensus among Muslim scholars and jurists)and jurists)

Qiyas (making deductions by analogy or Qiyas (making deductions by analogy or precedent)precedent)

How was Shari’a developed? How was Shari’a developed?

The process of collecting, verifying, and codifying the The process of collecting, verifying, and codifying the hadith hadith (sayings) of the Prophet developed into a (sayings) of the Prophet developed into a science of its own. science of its own.

Teachers and students of the Qur’an began writing Teachers and students of the Qur’an began writing tafsirstafsirs, or commentaries in order to explain the , or commentaries in order to explain the meaning of its verses.meaning of its verses.

Schools of Thought were formed in different regions Schools of Thought were formed in different regions and came up with different interpretations and and came up with different interpretations and judgments on certain issues. Due to varying social judgments on certain issues. Due to varying social structures, cultures, and lifestyles among Muslims, five structures, cultures, and lifestyles among Muslims, five schools gained popularity in different parts of the schools gained popularity in different parts of the world.world.

Schools of Thought in Islam

Name Founder Commonly followed in…Hanafi Abu Hanifa (d.767) Turkey, Egypt, Pakistan, India, Syria, Jordan

Hanbali Ibn Hanbal (d. 855) Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Gulf countries

Jafari Jafar Sadiq (d. 765) Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Lebanon, Gulf

Mallki M. Ibn Anas (d. 795) N. African countries, Bahrain

Shafi’i M. Ash-shfi (d. 820) E. Africa, Yemen, C. Asia, S.E Asia, Jordan, Syria, Iraq

Arabic 367Arabic 367

MinoritiesMinorities

Sunni Muslims make up the majority, Sunni Muslims make up the majority, representing 85% of the Muslim representing 85% of the Muslim population.population.

MinoritiesMinorities

Muslims: Shia, Druze, Alawites...Muslims: Shia, Druze, Alawites...

Christians: Moronites, Catholics, Christians: Moronites, Catholics, Chaldeans, Orthodox,Copts, Chaldeans, Orthodox,Copts, Protestans. Protestans.

JewsJews

ShiaShia

Who are they?Who are they?

Where do they live?Where do they live?

How do they differ from Sunnis?How do they differ from Sunnis?

What are the branches of Shiism?What are the branches of Shiism?

DruzeDruze

Who are they?Who are they?

Are they a different sect?Are they a different sect?

What is the major difference between the What is the major difference between the Shia and the Druze?Shia and the Druze?

AlawisAlawis

Are they Muslims?Are they Muslims?

MaronitesMaronites

NameName

Are they Arabs?Are they Arabs?