Arab-Israeli Conflict Presentation by A. Solomon Limas and Marlon Blake

7/29/2019 Arab-Israeli Conflict Presentation by A. Solomon Limas and Marlon Blake

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-The Arab-Israeli onflict


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Abram was promised a child who would inherithis legacy. Sarai, Abram's wife then gave himHagar her maid to give Abram a son,Ishmael. A covenant was made with Abraham,where he was promised to be the 'father ofmany nations'; and Sarah was promised a childwho would inherit his legacy, Isaac. Ishmaeland his mother, Hagar, were then told to depart

from the nascent tribe. When Abraham died, Isaac and Ishmael buried

their father together.


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ISHMAEL JACOB, THESON OF ISAAC In the future, would become

a great nation.

Because God heard hisaffliction in the desert,

Is a wild man whose handswill be against all, and allagainst him. And he will dwellin the face of his brothers.

He had twelve sons whichgrew into great tribesdwelling in the ArabianPeninsula.

Whose descendants wouldbe a great nation.

Is called Israel whilstwrestling and injured in thedesert,

Having striven with God andwith men, prevailed if theyshould keep the NationalLaw as given by Moses and

his court. He had twelve sons who

eventually became thetwelve tribes of Israel.


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Judean

Kingdom

Northern

Arabia and

Trans

-

Jordan

Kingdoms

Hasmonean kings adopted a policy

of territorial expansion. The first

Hasmonean king to do so was

Yoanan Hyrcanus (164BCE-

104BCE), who began a policy offorced conversion to a limited form

of Judaism.

Many Arabs visited the SecondTemple during the ag (Arabic.

ajj), pilgrimage, festivals.


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Persian Empire

Byzantine Empire

Arabian Kingdoms

TUB'A

ABU

KARIBA

AS'AD

(ABU

KARIBA

), WAS AN

ARABIAN KING RULED YEMEN FROM

390

CE

420

CE.

ZORAH

, THE YOUNGEST OF

TUBAN'SSONS

On expedition through Yathrib, his son was killed by the BanuQayla (also known as Al-Ansar) originally from Yemen, andtwo rabbis named Kaab and Assad met with him to convince

him to spare the people. After this meeting, Tuban convertedto Judaism and encouraged his men to do so. He returned toHimyar and many in the kingdom converted to Judaism alongwith his nephew, Harith Ibn Amru of the Banu Kindah. Hewas given the government of Mecca by his uncle.

A convert to Judaism who adopted the name Yussuf, he was also called Dhu Nuwas (517525), the last King of Yemen (imyar). He waged retaliation against the AbyssinianChristian strong-hold in his realm, because Byzantine and Ethiopian Christians persecutedJews in theirs. This persecution and massacre of the Christians in Najran was condemnedin the Qur'an. This strained trading between Europe and India with Arabia, which made theneighboring king Aidug fight Yussef, and win.

These last two kings ofimyartried to unite all Arabia under their rule, but failed.


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In the summer of 622 CE, Muammad and his followersarrived in Yathrib and were given shelter by Al-Ansar.

He formed the Constitution of Medina between Muslims, theAnsar, and the various Jewish tribes of Medina. This madethe first Islamic state.

The elites of these tribes, fearing the loss of their power withwitnessing the popularity of Muammad in Yathrib decided

to retaliate. Muammad endorsed the Jewish tribes in Arabia to take

Palestine back from the ByzantineEmpire.

Usama ibn Zayd led soldiers as far as Yabneh near TelAviv.


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The daughter of the last Sassanid king (624-651/2), Princess Dara-Izdadwar of Persia (c.595 c.651), was given to isdai, Exilarch of the Jews,as a gift by Khalifa `Ali ibn Abu alib (601/607 CE

661 CE). Rabbi Yiaq found himself received "with great

friendliness" by Khalifa Ali.

The Abbassid Khalifa extended great kindness toall the Jews in his provinces.

Once a year there is a ceremony where he and allthe Muslims give praises to and herald the Leaderof the Jewish exiles, "Saidna ben Daud" (Our Lord,Son of David).


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The product of this unity boreintellectual fruit. Some of theresults were the likes of SamuelThe Prince ibn Naghrela, theleading rabbi of Granada'sJewish community, founded anacademy in Cordoba(Andalusia), and eventuallybecame vizier and top generalto the Berber King Baddus ibnHabbus Al-Muzaffar after theBerber invasion of 1013. His soninherited the same position.

El Cid, Rodrigo D.az de Vivar

(10431099). Ibn Rushd (Averroes).

Solomon Gabirol (Avicebron).

Moses Maimonides (1135 -1204)


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Rambam's son, Abraham Maimun (1136 -1237)said of the Ishmaelites:

Even the Ishmaelites accepted this faith from

the Israelites and built the fundamentalprinciples of their religion on it. They repentedfrom the folly and errors of their ancestors whoworshiped idols and erred in the unity of Hisname and His greatness Since their service is

to truly believe in the Unity of His name. Moses Maimonides is held as a philosopher of

Islam and Sufi Islam recognizes his son Abrahamand his progeny as Sufi philosophers.


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Pogroms, derived from the Russian verb

meaning to destroy, are violent mob attacks

generally directed toward Jews. They are often

condoned by the law and characterized askillings or destruction of properties.

Roman Pogroms

Medieval Pogroms

Pogroms of the 19th Century

Pogroms of the 20th Century


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In 135 CE the RomanEmpire defeated thethird revolt against its

rule and consequentlyexpelled the survivingJews from Jerusalemand its surroundings.The Romans renamed

the land Palestine.

Falain- peasants.The working class thatinhabited Palestine.

They worked the landfor the owners whowere the OttomanTurks who owned theland, called Effendi,lord.


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In 1917, during the first World War, The OttomanTurkish Empire lost to the British and the lands ofPalestine, the Trans-Jordan (which was originally partof Palestine in antiquity), and Iraq fell into Britishcontrol having been distributed to them by the league

of Nations in 1922.

With the arrival of the British in Palestine in 1917,Palestine was governed by the Occupied EnemyTerritory Adminitration. in 1920, this military advisory

was replaced by a civilian administration lead byHerbert Samuel, the first High Commissioner. In Britain,ayyim Weizmann, the president of the British ZionistFederation began the Zionist Commission forPalestine, following the Balfour Declaration of 1917.


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Palestinian Muslims were divided.

Nazis encouraged Arab support, as a way to get backPalestine from the Zionists and the British, during the war tooffset British authority. The Grand Mufti of Jerusalem joinedthe Nazis.

6,000 Palestinian Arabs and 30,000 Palestinian Jews foughtalong side the British. They were called the PalestinianRegiment.

Al-Nakba The Palestinian Exodus and a captivity held

hostage to an ongoing Nakba, as the most intricate andpervasive expression of persistent colonialism, apartheid,racism, and victimization.

The Establishment of the State of Israel in 1948.


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Annexed by Jordanafter the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, thencaptured and annexedby Israel in the Six-Day

War.

Called Arab Jerusalemwhere Arabic is spoken.It is distinguished from

West Jerusalem,referred to as IsraeliJerusalem, whereHebrew is spoken.


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JEWISH ZIONISM MUSLIM ZIONISM

Jewish nationalism andJewish culture that support aJewish state in the territory of

Palestine. It advocates thatdispersed Jews return to theland and that they are to bethe sovereign majority.

There is also Jewish Anti-

Zionism which opposes theexistence of the Jewish stateuntil the Messiah arrives andestablishes a Kingdom ruledby the Torah.

Sheikh Palazzi notes that hesupports that Jews are to besovereign in the land of

Palestine based on Qur'an 17:100-104:

Then We [Allah] said tothe Israelites: 'Dwell inthis land [the Land ofIsrael]. When the promiseof the hereafter [Endof

Days] comes to befulfilled, We [Allah] shallassemble you [theIsraelites] all together[in the Land of Israel].


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The

Dreyfus Affair The Dreyfus Affair broke out

in France in 1894, when aJewish officer in the French

Army, Captain Alfred Dreyfus,was suddenly arrested and(wrongfully) accused ofspying on behalf of Germany.

He was quickly tried,condemned for high treason,and sent to a penitentiary ona far-flung island.

After twelve years of debateand petitions, his supporterswere able to reverse thedecision, clear Dreyfus'srecord and rehabilitate him inthe army in 1906, while thereal spy, Esterhazy, wasdiscovered.


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During the Fall of 1917, the British Cabinet issued adeclaration, named after the foreign secretary, thatPalestine would be the national home for the Jewishpeople, with rights for all non-Jews.

March 23, 1918, there was great support for the BalfourDeclaration from Mecca's daily news paper, Al-Qibla.

In 1919, king Faisal I of Iraq and Dr. Chaim Weizmann,President of the World Zionist Organization, signed theFaisalWeizmann Agreement for Arab-Jewishcooperation, in which Faisal conditionally accepted theBalfour Declaration speaking for all in his realm.


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After WWI, Palestine andneighboring territories came underBritish administration.

They sought to set up legitimacy fortheir continued control of the regionand this was achieved by obtaining

a mandate from the League ofNations. The formal objective of theLeague of Nations Mandate systemwas to administer parts of what usedto be under Ottoman rule until suchnations were able to stand on theirown.

The British Mandate consists of 28Articles which ensure that Jews willhave a National Home, and thatrights will be given to foreigners(non-Jews).


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He became a journalist where hecovered the Dreyfus Affair as thecorrespondent for a french news paper.an incident occured in France in whicha French Jewish army captain wasfalsely convicted of spying for Germany.believe that the Jews must removethemselves from Europe and createtheir own state.

Der Judenstaat, the Jewish State,written in 1895, outlines his reasoningfor the need to reestablish the historicJewish State.

Altnueland, a fore-novel devoted toZionism published in English He desrieda state, envisions a Jewish state,though blossoming through the skill ofthe modern Jew and the best ofEuropean heritage, will in reality be theproduct of the benevolent efforts of allhumanity.


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Israeli settlements are the Jewish civilian communities builton lands occupied by Israel during the Six-Day War. Suchsettlements currently exist in the West Bank, EastJerusalem, and in the Golan Heights. Both were originallyproposed by the Plan of Partition attached to Resolution

181(II) of the General Assembly of 29 November 1947.

Settlements also existed in the Sinai and Gaza Strip untilIsrael evacuated the Sinai settlements following the 1979Israel-Egypt peace.

As of December 2010, Israelis live in officially recognizedsettlements in the West Bank, in settlements in EastJerusalem and in settlements in the Golan Heights. Thethree largest settlements, Modiìn Ìllith, Maàle Adumim andBetar Ìllith.


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Urban suburbs, such as HarGilo.

Block settlements, such asGush Eiyon and settlementsin the Nablus area.

Frontier villages, such as those

along the Jordan River. Outposts are small settlements

which are sometimesunauthorized. The SassonReport, commissioned by ArielSharon's administration, found

that several governmentministries had cooperated toestablish illegal outposts.


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The third Arab-Israeli war took placebetween June 5 and 10, 1967.

Israel launched surprise raids againstEgyptian air-fields, the Jordanian-controlled West Bank, and aerial clashes

over Syrian territory.

Israel attacks Syrian positions in theGolan Heights as a response to Syrianartillery attacks against Israelisettlements in the vicinity of the border

Israel took control of the Gaza Strip andthe Sinai Peninsula from Egypt, theWest Bank and East Jerusalem fromJordan, and the Golan Heights fromSyria.

Israel

Egypt (United Arab Repubic)

Jordan

Syria


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Arab-Israeli

Conflict

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ls1nsfKU2qE

The political and nationalistic

tension and military conflicts

between the Arab League and

Israel, and between Arabs andIsraelis, over territorial

ambitions after the demise of

the Ottoman Empire.

The causes of the modern Arab Israeli conflict reside in both

Zionism and Arab nationalism

towards the end of the 1800s.

Over the years, the conflict has

shifted to a more local Israeli

Palestinian conflict.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ls1nsfKU2qEhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ls1nsfKU2qEhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ls1nsfKU2qE

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Arab-Israeli Conflict Presentation by A. Solomon Limas and Marlon Blake