The Ottoman Empire and World War One

ArabImperialismAlliancesAlliesArtificial Political BordersAtaturkCentral PowersNationalismSultanSykes-Picot AgreementTurkey

Terms To Know

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The Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire was an imperial power that existed from 1299 to 1923 (634 years), one of the largest empires to rule the borders of the Mediterranean Sea.

The Ottoman Empire

ArabMany Ottomans were ethnic Arabs.

Arabic culture was first spread in the Middle East beginning in the 2nd century as ethnically Arab Christians began migrating into the Northern Arabian desert and the Levant. The Arabic language spread with the rise of Islam in the 7th century AD as the language of the Qur'an.

Genealogical: someone who can trace his or her ancestry to the tribes of Arabia - the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula - and the Syrian Desert.

Language is Arabic, including any of its varieties.

Location-throughout the world however mostly in North Africa and the Middle East.

Arab

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The Ottoman Empire

Ottoman

Empire

Arab

In the 16th and 17th centuries, the Ottoman Empire was among the world's most powerful countries

(INB) Which area should be concerned about the Ottoman Empire?

Ottoman Influence

The Golden Age of the Ottomans

Title of sultan (king). All Ottoman rulers practiced Islam, which helped to spread the religion throughout the region. The Empire reached its height of power under Suleiman I in the 16th century, when it stretched from the Persian Gulf to North

Africa to Southern and Eastern Europe. The vast empire allowed the Ottomans to control trade between Europe and Asia.

Origins of the Ottoman Empire

Mehmet I:

1413-1421

Mehmet II: 1444-1445; 1451-1481

(“The Conqueror”)

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The Ottoman Empire

Ottoman

Empire

Arab

Sultan

In Western countries what would be the title of the Sultan?

In Eastern Asian countries what would be the title of the Sultan?

Interactive Notebook Question (Left Side)

Faith Mosque

Hagia Sophia

Blue Mosque

How did the Ottoman contribute to the spread of Islam through Africa, Europe, and Asia?

Interactive Notebook Question

(Left Side)

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The Ottoman Empire

Ottoman

Empire

Arab

Sultan

Islam

Over time the Empire declined slowly over 300 hundred years. The empire gained and lost territory several times during that period. First,

the empire lost parts of Europe earning it the nickname “The Sick Man of Europe”.

Nationalism: Pride in your country (how can this become distructive?)

Ottoman Empire Declines

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The Ottoman Empire-Graphic #2

The Ottoman Empire in 1914

An alliance is an agreement between two or more parties, made in order to advance common goals and to secure common interests.

Allies are people, groups, or nations that have joined together in an association for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose.

The Central Powers consisted of the German Empire, the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Bulgaria. The name "Central Powers" is derived from the location of these countries.

The Modern World as it changes…

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The Ottoman Empire-Graphic #2

Alliances

Ottoman Empire

Central Powers

In a last-ditch effort to save the empire the Ottomans joined the Central Powers in World War I. The Ottoman Empire had some successes in the beginning years of the war.

Allies vs. Central Powers in WWI Central Powers:Central Powers:Allied Powers:Allied Powers:

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The Ottoman Empire-Graphic #2

Alliances

Ottoman Empire

Central Powers

World War One

Mustafa Kemal Pasha (Ataturk), worked to form the Republic of Turkey (October 29, 1923) from what was left of the fallen empire.

Europeans Carve Up the Ottoman Empire After WW1

The war ended with the British and French occupying the left over's of the Ottoman territory that later became Iraq, Palestine, Trans-Jordan, Syria and Lebanon.

Interactive Notebook Question (Left Side)

What did the inhabitants of these areas have to say about the Europeans taking over?

Did the inhabitants have the ability to stop the Europeans?

Aftermath of World War One

The Sykes-Picot Agreement of 1916 was a secret agreement

between the governments of the UK and France defining their control in west Asia after the downfall of the Ottoman Empire during World War I.

Britain was allocated control of areas roughly comprising today's Jordan, southern Iraq. France was allocated control of southeastern Turkey, northern Iraq around Mosul, Syria and Lebanon. The controlling powers were left free to decide on state boundaries within these areas. The region of Palestine was slated for international administration (future Israel).

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The Ottoman Empire-Graphic #2

Alliances

Ottoman Empire

Central Powers

World War One

Nationalsim

Sykes-Picot

Agreement

Artificial Political Borders

3-2-1List three present countries that were once

part of the Ottoman EmpireGive the name of the two main groups fighting

in World War One.List the one main religion of the Ottoman

Empire

Interactive Notebook Question (Left Side)

Arab nationalists believed that they had been 'robbed' when the British did not fully deliver on their pledges of independence. They believed that the western powers, especially the British, had acted with arrogance, drawing borders and creating nations with little or no regard for the wishes of the local inhabitants.—Artifical Political Borders

The fate of Palestine, occupied by the British, especially provoked Arab frustration and anger. (In 1917 the British Foreign Secretary, Arthur Balfour, had supported a Jewish home in Palestine.)

GCRCT Coach, Social Studies 7th Grade. 2008

The Middle East during World War One By Professor David R Woodward. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/middle_east_07.shtml

Ms. Susan M. Pojer, Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY. July 20 , 2009

Ottoman Empire. http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/Middleeastweb/factfile/Unique-facts-MiddleEast6.htm

Bibliography