AR2013-14.pdf

ckxokuh Qlysa | Horticultural Crops

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NCIPM

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National Centre for Integrated Pest Management

Lal Bahadur Shastri Building, Pusa Campus

New Delhi 110 012, India

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2013-14

NCIPM

ANNUAL REPORT 20132014ii

ladyu o lEiknu : ,p-vkj- ljnkuk H.R. SardanaCompiled & Edited by eqds'k lgxy Mukesh Sehgal

vtark fcjkg Ajanta Birahfodkl daoj Vikas Kanwarulhe vgen Nasim Ahmaduhye esgrk Neelam Mehta

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Citation : Annual Report 2013-14

National Centre for Integrated Pest Management, LBS Building, Pusa Campus,

New Delhi 110 012, India. 118p

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Published by : Dr. C. Chattopadhyay

Director

National Centre for Integrated Pest Management, LBS Building, Pusa Campus,

New Delhi 110 012 India

nwjHkk"k@ Telephone No. : 91-11-25843935QSDl@ Fax No. : 91-11-25841472bZ&esy@ Email : [email protected], [email protected]@ Website : http://www.ncipm.org.in

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iiiokf"kZd izfrosnu 2013&14

izkDdFkuPreface

I take immense pleasure to present the AnnualReport of the National Centre for Integrated PestManagement (NCIPM) for the year 2013-14, whichhighlights the significant achievements made by theScientists and staff of this Centre. NCIPM displays itsstrength to mitigate yield losses in Indian agriculturedue to pests through integration of knowledge base onpests, management practices, products, public andprivate personnel of the country. In addition tovalidation and popularization of IPM technologiesamong crops of rice, cotton, pulses, oilseeds, vegetablesand fruits at farmers' fields, the current highlight ofthe Centre has been the integrated surveillance-cum-awareness through national information networks forlarge scale real time pest monitoring and managementadvisory. Systematic surveys and surveillance supportedby information technology integrated with crop andpest management advisory, effective and extensiveimplementation of IPM practices among major cropspaid dividends in terms of improved yields and need -based use of pesticides.

This Centre made great strides in applied researchand transfer of improved IPM technologies during theperiod. Besides synthesis of new IPM technologies,extensive efforts have also been put for effectivedissemination of the same to farmers. Effectiveintegration of electronic networking throughdevelopment of customized software, supportinginfrastructure and human resource development hasmade pest management very effective at regional level.Such a web-interface has allowed faster flow of pestmanagement issues to planners, researchers andextension functionaries instantly and simultaneously.NCIPM envisages larger role in making IPM practicesmore effective across the country through higher levelsof integration of multidisciplinary technologies and ofstakeholders by means of improved research, education,training and extension for an enhanced crop and

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ANNUAL REPORT 20132014iv

ecological health, sustainable agricultural growth.

The all round growth and development of theCentre has been possible with an active involvement,able guidance and constant encouragement receivedfrom Hon'ble Dr. S. Ayyappan, Secretary, DARE andDirector General, ICAR and Dr. Swapan Kumar Datta,Deputy Director General (Crop Science), ICAR, whichI acknowledge with great respect and gratitude. I amalso highly thankful to Dr. P. K. Chakrabarty and Dr.T. P. Rajendran Assistant Director General (PlantProtection & Biosafety), ICAR for their never endingscientific and administrative involvement, inspirationand guidance for overall growth of the Centre.

I would like to express my thanks to my Scientistsand all staff members of the institute, who really workedhard to meet the new challenges and for makingoutstanding contributions during the year. I am alsohighly thankful to the members of the publicationcommittee Drs. H. R. Sardana, Mukesh Sehgal, AjantaBirah, Vikas Kanwar, Nasim Ahmad and Ms. NeelamMehta for bringing out this report in time. Effortsmade by the annual report compilation and editing teamare highly appreciated. Help received from Mr. RakeshKumar and Mr. Hera Lal Yadav is also gratefullyacknowledged.

30 May, 2014 (C. Chattopadhyay)New Delhi Director

ANNUAL REPORT 20132014iv

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vokf"kZd izfrosnu 2013&14

fof'k"V lkjka'kExecutive Summary

Synthesis, validation and dissemination of IPMtechnologies for major crops along with databasemanagement, developing pest forecasting models andstrong linkages are the major mandates and activitiesof the National Centre for Integrated Pest Management(NCIPM). Recently, the Centre has also been activelyengaged in pest dynamics vis-a-vis climatic change,issuing pest advisory and human resource developmentincluding for the North Eastern Hill region.

Validation of integrated pest management (IPM)technology in rice crop cv. Pusa Basmati 1121 carriedout on 200 ha in farmers participatory mode atBambawad, Uttar Pradesh indicated the application ofonly one chemical pesticide spray of buprofezin by IPMpractitioner-farmers as against 2-4 chemical pesticidesprays in farmers practice (FP). Validation of IPMmodule led to significant reduction in brown planthopper (BPH) population (3.56 hoppers /hill) in IPMplots as against 5.21 hoppers /hill in FP. Bakanae diseasewas reduced to traces in IPM plots as against 17.7% inFP. Analysis of soil samples collected indicated higherlevel of organic carbon and zinc in IPM as comparedto FP. Application of IPM technology also resulted inhigher yield and benefit: cost (B:C) ratio as comparedto FP. Studies on estimation of contribution ofindividual components of IPM module at Rice ResearchStation (RRS), Chinsurah (Hooghly) during kharif(wet), 2013 and at RRLRRS (CRRI), Gerua, Assamduring Feb, 2014 in Boro rice revealed significantlyhigher yields with application of pretilachlor 750 mla.i./ha 5 days after sowing (DAT) and one applicationof rynaxypyr against no application of pesticide.

Impact of pesticides on various components ofenvironment like, soil health, water quality, crop healthand risk related health issues due to use of pesticides,using environmental impact quotient (EIQ) tool wasassessed under rice cropping system. The pre-crop soilanalysis revealed high consumption of pesticides, which

vokf"kZd izfrosnu 2013&14

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ANNUAL REPORT 20132014vi

greatly affected microbial population in soil and waterquality. The post-crop samples showed enhanced levelsof micro and macro nutrients, organic carbon content;increase in natural enemy count resulting in reductionof pest population besides increase in yield and B:Cratio as compared to farmers practice.

A standalone window-based application (16MB)Diagnosis & Sampling for Rice Pest Surveillance hasbeen developed in Dot Net Framework 4.0 usingWindows 7 operating system.

To enable increase pulse productivity by reducingyield losses caused by pests, Accelerated PulseProduction Programme (A3P) was implemented acrosscrops of pigeon pea, chick pea, lentil, green gram andurd bean covering six major pulse growing states on16443.62 ha in farmers participatory mode. NuclearIPM villages (173) were developed to validate anddemonstrate working and effectiveness of different IPMstrategies. Reduction in pest incidence, lesser use ofchemical pesticides, less number of sprays and higheryields in A3P fields were observed as compared to non-A3P farmers. Based on the real-time population of thepest and their interpretation, advisories in locallanguages were sent to IPM farmers for takingappropriate measures.

Studies on the integrated management ofPhytophthora blight in pigeonpea at three locations(Jharkhand, Maharashtra and Karnataka) indicated thecombination of Trichoderma viride (soil and seedtreatment) and garlic bulb extract (seed treatment andfoliar spray) to be very effective and comparable withthe use of conventional chemical fungicides.

Crop Pest Surveillance and Advisory Project(CROPSAP) operated by the State Department ofAgriculture, Maharashtra across 33 districts, 348 talukasand 43000 villages of Maharashtra in 39.17, 38.68, 15.23,10.96 and 12.47 lakh ha in soybean, cotton, rice, pigeonpea and chickpea crops during 2013-14 was facilitatedwith ICT-based pest monitoring. Pest scenario onsoybean depicted Spodoptera litura, semilooper andgirdle beetle crossed ETL 40, 41 and 21 occasssions,respectively across Maharashtra during 2013. Oncotton, severity of pest infestation was of the order

ANNUAL REPORT 20132014vi

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viiokf"kZd izfrosnu 2013&14

jassids> leaf reddening > whiteflies >thrips. Peststatus across the state on rice followed the order ofyellow stem borer>bacterial leaf blight>planthoppers> gall midge > leaf folder > blast. Amongthe five major pigeon pea growing regions ofMaharashtra, the pod damage was of the orderLatur>Nagpur> Amravati>Aurangabad>Nasikdivisions. Helicoverpa armigera on chickpea during rabiattained pest status from November till February.Dissemination of pest management advisories throughSMS based on ETL for different pests of soybean,cotton, rice, pigeonpea and chickpea were 15170, 24846,20959, 13364 and 10759, respectively.

In mustard, field survey conducted in differentvillages of Gurgaon, Mewat, Rewari and Mohindergarhdistricts of Haryana and Alwar, Jaipur, Dausa andBharatpur districts of Rajasthan revealed Sclerotiniasclerotiorum to be a serious threat to the its cultivation,and hot spots had disease incidence and severity up to80% and 4.0 grade, respectively. IPM validated inrapeseed-mustard across 40 ha in Mewat andMohindergarh districts of Haryana and Alwar districtof Rajasthan indicated lower mean disease incidence inIPM plots over farmers practices.

In cotton, e-pest surveillance and advisory activitieswere carried out in 1062 fields of 1372 farmers covering266 villages in eight states. Hoppers indicated highesthot spots i.e., 218 from 12 districts. Mirid bug wasfound to cross economic threshold level (ETL) on twoand five occasions at Akola and Perambalur,respectively. Among the diseases, the Alternaria leafblight recorded highest hot spots. Economic impactanalysis indicated significant reduction in the numberof chemical pesticide sprays to 4.27 in IPM plots from7.34 in FP. Survey studies indicated occurrence ofwhitefly at most of the places (5 to 20 nymphs/ adultsper leaf). Lepidopteran pests (Spodoptera litura, Eariasvittella and Pectinophora gossipiella) were recorded atfew locations in non-Bt cotton. Mealy bug and leafreddening was recorded at some locations. In southzone, mirid bugs and white fly were observed as majorpests. Analysis of the dynamics of sap feeders acrossseasons and locations of the North zone indicated thepeak population levels to be the determinant of the

viiokf"kZd izfrosnu 2013&14

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ANNUAL REPORT 20132014viii

pest status of any given sap feeder.

Weather-based prediction rules for jassids (Amrascadevastans), thrips (Thrips tabaci) and mirids(Campylomma livida) in cotton were developed usinghistorical data sets (2001-2008), which were validatedwith independent data sets (2009 -2013) that yieldedmean prediction accuracy of 89, 97 and 93.2%,respectively, over five years. Weather-based predictionrules developed for Nagpur and tested across otherCentral zone locations indicated significantly greaterprediction accuracies at lower populations of bothjassids [r =-0.86** (P


ixokf"kZd izfrosnu 2013&14

spot at Moinabad (AP) and Rahuri (MH) during kharif.Leaf miner was common on tomato across all locationsviz. Rahuri (MH)> Bengaluru (KA) >Moinabad (AP)during kharif as well as rabi seasons.

Decision tree based classification rules for yellowstem borer (YSB) vis--vis weather variables, heuristicweather-based rule for Spodoptera litura at Kadiri,ordinal logistic model predicting S. litura (nos./trap/week) during maximum severity period (34 SMW),empirical models for forewarning yellow stem borerbased on light trap moth catches for Aduthurai (TN),Chinsura (WB), Karjat (MH), Raipur (CG) and forMandya (KA) and of leaf folder at Aduthurai for kharifand rabi were developed and validated. Weather-basedmodels for prediction of four rice pests (yellow stemborer, gall midge, case worm and green leaf hopper),and S. litura on groundnut at weekly and fortnightlyintervals, empirical and artificial neural network modelspredicting maximum population of S. litura werevalidated.

Due to increased use of chemical pesticides resultingfrom continuous cultivation of different vegetables,IPM technology was validated, demonstrated anddisseminated in seven villages in Karnal and SonepatDistricts, Haryana in onion, tomato and bell peppercovering more than 72 ha. Validation of IPM technologyresulted in reduction in number of sprays, increase inyields, use of eco-safe pesticides and increase inpopulation of natural enemies apart from increase inawareness and knowledge about IPM and bio pesticidesamong the farmers.

Trials on IPM validation for greenhouse capsicum,cucumber and tomato conducted at Pusa campus, NewDelhi and KVK, Lohaghat, Champawat, Uttarakhandrevealed considerable reduction in sucking pests rangingfrom 17.8 to 3.5% of aphids and 63.3 to 26.2% ofpowdery mildew in capsicum as compared to non-IPM.Similar levels of management of aphids, powderymildew and mosaic virus complex was also achieved intomato and cucumber. Besides, there was increase inyield from 1.9 to 2.8 t/1000 sq.m in cucumber, 2.2 to3.1 t in capsicum and 12.2 to 15.0 t in tomato in IPM ascompared to non-IPM.

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Site-specific IPM module comprising applicationof bio-pesticides, mechanical methods, orchardsanitation, judicious and need-based application ofchemical pesticides with reduced risk was implementedon mango plantation in Southern Gujarat (8 ha) thathelped in reduction in cost of plant protection, lowerpest incidence that also resulted in higher economicreturns. Information technology based pest surveillancesystem was implemented in nine districts ofMaharashtra for mango, pomegranate and bananacovering 184643 ha. Based on the extent of damage dueto pests, advisories were issued through SMS for timelyaction on part of farmers.

The International Patent application for theinvention, Light trap for managing insects has beenfiled in three countries viz., Australia, Indonesia andVietnam. The newly invented insect light trap wasvalidated in cv. Pusa Basmati 1121 of paddy, tomato,cabbage crops in NCR Delhi during kharif season of2013 in farmers participatory mode. The technologyhas also been demonstrated on Chickpea (near Kanpur,U.P.) and Sugarcane (village Mundvar, Distt.Muzaffarnagar, U.P) crops.

ANNUAL REPORT 20132014x

izkIr fd, x,A blds vfrfjDr] xSj vkbZih,e dh rqyuk esavkbZih,e okys [ksrksa esa [khjs dh mit esa 1-9 ls 2-8 fDoa- izfr1000 oxZ eh- {ks=] f'keyk fepZ dh mit esa 2-2 ls 3-1 Vu rFkkVekVj dh mit esa 12-2 ls 15-0 Vu dh of) ns[kh xbZA

nf{k.kh xqtjkr esa vke ds jksi.k 8 gs- ds fy, tSfoddhVuk'kdksa] ;kaf=d fofk;ksa] m|ku LoPNrk rFkk de tksf[keokys jklk;fud dhVuk'kdksa dk foosdiw.kZ ,oa vko';drkuqlkjiz;ksx ds vkkkj ij LFkku&fof'k"V vkbZih,e ekWM~;wy dkdk;kZUo;u fd;k x;k] ftlls ikni laj{k.k ykxr esa dehykus] uk'khtho izdksi dks de djus rFkk mPp vkfFkZd ykHkizkIr djus esa lgk;rk feyhA vke] vukj rFkk dsys ds fy,egkjk"V ds ukS ftyksa esa 184]643 gs- {ks= esa lwpuk izkS|ksfxdhvkkkfjr uk'khtho fuxjkuh iz.kkyh dk dk;kZUo;u fd;k x;kAuk'khthoksa }kjk igaqpk, x, uqdlku ds Lrj ds vkkkj ijfdlkuksa dks le; ij mfpr mik; djus ds fy, ,l,e,l dsek;e ls lykgdkj&lsok,a nh xbA

laLFkku us ykbV VSi QkWj esusftax bUlSDV~l izkS|ksfxdhdk vkfo"dkj fd;k gS vkSj blds varjjk"Vh; isVsaV ds fy,laLFkku us rhu ns'kksa] vFkkZr vkLVsfy;k] baMksusf'k;k vkSj fo;rukeesa vkosnu fd;k gSA laLFkku us [kjhQ 2013 ds nkSjku jk"Vh;jktkkuh {ks= fnYyh esa fdlkuksa dh lgHkkfxrk i)fr esa iwlkcklerh 1121 fdLea] VekVj rFkk dan o xksHkh dh Qlyksa esami;qZDr u;s vkfo"dkfjr uk'khdhV jks'kuh vkd"kZ.k Qank dkoSkhdj.k fd;k gSA puk dkuiqj] mkj izns'k ds utnhd vkSjxUus eqaMkoj] ftyk eqTtQjuxj] mkj izns'k dh Qlyksa ijbl izkS|ksfxdh dk ijh{k.k fd;k x;k gSA


xiokf"kZd izfrosnu 2013&14 xiokf"kZd izfrosnu 2013&14

NCIPM

ANNUAL REPORT 20132014xii


xiiiokf"kZd izfrosnu 2013&14

fo"k;&lwphContentsizkDdFkuPreface iii

fof'k"V lkjka'kExecutive Summary v

1 ifjp;Introduction 1

2 laxBukRed xBuOrganogram 3

3 PkkoyRice 5

4 diklCotton 13

5 nyguPulses 19

6 fryguOilseeds 29

7 ckxokuh QlysaHorticultural Crops 34

8 tSfod fu;a=.kBiocontrol 48

9 lwpuk izks++|kSfxdh] uk'khtho iwokZuqeku ,oa fu.kZ; lgk;d iz.kkyhInformation Technology, Pest Forecasting and Decision Support System 54

10 lkekftd&vkfFkZd fo"k; vkSj izHkko fo'ys"k.kSocio-Economic Issues and Impact Analysis 72

11 vU; vuqlakkfud xfrfofk;kaOther Research Activities 76

12 ekuo lalkku fodkl ,oa vkbZih,e izkS|ksfxfd;ksa dk gLrkukarj.kHuman Resource Development and Transfer of IPM Technologies 79

13 lqfokk,a vkSj ?kVukeFacilities and Events 84

14 jktHkk"kkRajbhasha 90

15 vuqlakkfud ifj;kstuk,aResearch Projects 93

16 izdk'kuPublications 101

17 lsfeukj] laxksBh] izf'k{k.k ,oa iqjLdkjSeminars, Conferences, Trainings and Awards 108

18 dkfeZdPersonnel 111

19 ctVBudget 114

20 y?kq:iAbbreviations 115

NCIPM

ANNUAL REPORT 20132014xiv

1okf"kZd izfrosnu 2013&14

ifjp;Introduction

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a scientific

approach to harmonise economically and ecologically

viable strategies to reduce the pest population on crop

below economic threshold level (ETL). The main

motive of developing farmer-based knowledge-intensive

IPM strategies is to enhance the natural enemies of pests

with use of low-cost input technologies and reduce

dependence on chemical pesticide keeping the small/

marginal farmers in view. In the present era, there is

need to identify strategies and mechanism for

strengthening the actual transfer of IPM technologies.

The National Centre for Integrated Pest

Management (NCIPM) has been working as an interface

between ICAR institutes, AICRPs, State Agriculture

Universities and field functionaries of State Agricultural

and Horticultural Departments and is providing

directions to develop, validate and disseminate successful

harmonised IPM interventions for number of

agricultural and horticultural crops, which have been

targeted for improved competence and awareness

building in IPM at grassroots.

In basmati and non-basmati rice, development,

dissemination of location-specific IPM packages were

undertaken in different agro-climatic zones of India

covering varied cropping systems and states viz. Uttar

Pradesh, West Bengal, Assam, Odisha and Karnataka.

These packages were able to reduce the chemical

pesticide sprays from 12 to 3 in IPM plots compared

to farmers practices. IPM and National Information

System for Pest Management (NISPM) programmes

in cotton resulted in significant reduction in chemical

pesticide application and increase in the use of bio-

Qlyksa esa uk'khtho lef"V dks vkfFkZd gkfu Lrj bZVh,yls de djus ds fy, viukbZ tkus okyh mi;qDr j.kuhfr;ksa esalesfdr uk'khtho izcaku vkbZih,e dk vge LFkku gS tks,d foKku vkkkfjr fofk gS vkSj vkfFkZd :i ls de [kphZyhgS rFkk i;kZoj.k ds vuqdwy Hkh gSA jklukizds dk fdlkuvkkkfjr rFkk O;kid Kku vk/kkfjr vkbZih,e dk;Zuhfr;ksa dksfodflr djus dk izeq[k ms'; uk'khthoksa ds izkfrd 'k=qvksadh of) djuk rFkk mlds lkFk&lkFk NksVs ,oa lhekar fdlkuksadh vkfFkZd fLFkfr dks ;ku esa j[krs gq, de ykxr okys f"kizkS|ksfxfd;ksa ds fodflr djuk gS rkfd jklk;fud dhVuk'kdksads iz;ksx dh fuHkZjrk dks de fd;k tk ldsA orZeku le; esa]vkbZih,e izkS|ksfxfd;ksa dks fdlkuksa dks miyCk djkus ds fy,mfpr dk;Zuhfr;ka ,oa dk;Zfofk;ka cukus dh vR;Ur vko';drkgSA

jk"Vh; lesfdr uk'khtho izcaku dsUnz jklukizds Hkkjrh;f"k vuqlakku ifj"kn~ ds laLFkkuksa] vf[ky Hkkjrh; lefUorvuqlakku ifj;kstukvksa ,vkbZlhvkjih] jkT; f"k fo'ofo|ky;ksarFkk jkT; f"k ,oa ckxokuh foHkkxksa ds ijLij ,d vareqZ[k ds:i esa dk;Zjr gS vkSj ;g dsUnz vusd f"k ,oa ckxokuh Qlyksads fy, mi;ksxh ,oa izHkkoh dk;Zuhfr;ka cukus] mudks ekU;rkfnyokus rFkk muds izpkj&izlkj ds fy, ekxZn'kZu nsus esa vgeHkwfedk fuHkk jgk gS] ftuesa lqkkj ykus ds fy, rFkk tehuh Lrjij vkbZih,e dh nf"V ls tkx:drk ykus ds fy, fpfUgrfd;k x;k gSA

cklerh rFkk xSj&cklerh pkoy ds fy, ns'k ds fofHkUuf"k tyok;q {ks=ksa esa fofok Qlyhdj.k iz.kkfy;ksa vkSj fofHkUujkT;ksa] vFkkZr mkj izns'k] if'pe caxky] vle] vksfM'kk rFkkdukZVd ds fy, LFkku fof'k"V vkbZih,e iSdstksa dks fodflrfd;k x;k vkSj mudk izlkj fd;k x;kA bu iSdstksa dhlgk;rk ls fdlkuksa dh fofk esa iz;ksx fd, tkus okys 12jklk;fud dhVuk'kdksa ds fNM+dkoksa dh rqyuk esa vkbZih,eiSdsts viukus okys fdlkuksa ds [skrksa esa dsoy 3 jklk;fudfNM+dko fd, tkrs gSaA dikl esa vkbZih,e rFkk jk"Vh;uk'khtho izcaku lwpuk iz.kkyh ,uvkbZ,lih,e dk;Zeksa ds

NCIPM

ANNUAL REPORT 201320142

control agents and botanicals. IPM practices also

showed good promise in pulse production apart from

being effective in reducing pest load on groundnut,

mustard, vegetables like tomato, brinjal, bell pepper,

chilli, onion, cauliflower, cabbage, and fruits

particularly mango, pomegranate and banana as also in

cucumber, tomato under protected cultivation. Timely

IPM interventions proved that farmers received higher

economic returns in comparison to their own practice.

To enable cater to need of constant refinement of

technologies, well directed research trials to prioritise

components in IPM packages has been initiated by the

Centre.

The present annual report is an amalgamation of

highlights of research activities carried out by the

NCIPM in collaboration with crop research institutes

of ICAR and the State Agricultural Universities,

AICRPs, KVKs and state agricultural and horticultural

departments. The efforts include facilitating the proper

identification, validation and promotion of low-cost

Integrated Crop Management (ICM) technologies for

doable IPM modules in important crops,

implementation of e-pest surveillance for an area-wide

coverage of IPM practices, analysis of pest scenario in

the changing climatic conditions, development of

forecast system for key pests, and impact analysis of

IPM technologies. The work plan of NCIPM would

continue to strengthen the research on Integrated Crop

Management through collaboration and coordination

with farmers participatory approach for better quality

of service to the Nation in eco-friendly crop protection

that ensures better livelihood security.

dk;kZUo;u ls jklk;fud dhVuk'kdksa ds iz;ksx esa Hkkjh dehvkbZ gS vkSj nwljh vksj tSo dhVuk'kdksa ds iz;ksx esa of) gqbZgSA nygu mRiknu esa Hkh vkbZih,e iz.kkyh ds dk;kZUo;u dscsgrj ifj.kke ns[ks x, gSaA blds vfrfjDr ewaxQyh] ljlksa]lfCt;ka] tSls VekVj] cSxu] f'keyk fepZ] fepZ] I;kt] QwyxksHkh] can xksHkh] [khjk rFkk Qy] fo'ks"k :i ls vke] vukj] vkSjdsyksa ,oa lajf{kr [ksrh ds vUrxZr mxk;s x;s [khjk rFkk VekVjdh Qlyksa ij uk'khtho ds izHkko dks de djus esa Hkh vkbZih,eiSdst dkQh izHkkoh ik, x, gSaA vkbZih,e dk;Zuhfr;ksa dklgh le; ij dk;kZUo;u o vuqdj.k fd, tkus ls fdlkuksa usLo;a dh f"k fofk dh rqyuk esa vfkd vkfFkZd ykHk izkIrfd;k gSA vkbZih,e izkS|ksfxfd;ksa dk vkSj izHkkodkjh cukus dsfy, laLFkku us vkbZih,e ds ?kVdksa ij xgu ,oa lqlaxrijh{k.k dh O;oLFkk dk izko/kku fd;k gSaA

jklukizds us orZeku okf"kZd izfronsu esa Hkkvuqi dsQly vuqlakku laLFkkuksa] jkT; f"k fo'ofo|ky;ksa] vf[kyHkkjrh; lefUor vuqlakku ifj;kstukvksa] f"k foKku dsUnzksarFkk jkT; f"k ,oa ckxokuh foHkkxksa ds lg;ksx esa dh xbZvuqlakkfud xfrfofk;ksa ds izeq[k fcanqvksa ij izdk'k Mkyk gSaAlaLFkku us vuqla/kku ds {ks= esa vusd dk;Z fd, gSa] tSlsvuqlakkfud ijh{k.kksa ds fy, egRoiw.kZ Qlyksa esa vkbZih,eekWM~;wyksa ds fy, de ykxr okys lesfdr Qly izcakuvkbZlh,e izkS|ksfxfd;ksa dh igpku djuk] mudk oSkhdj.kdjuk vFkok mUgsa ekU;rk fnyokuk vkSj mudk izksUu;u djuk(cnyrs tyok;q ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa uk'khthoksa ds ifjn'; dkfo'ys"k.k djuk( vkbZih,e iz.kkyh ds {ks=&okj dojst ds fy,bZ&uk'khtho fuxjkuh dk dk;kZUo;u djuk( izeq[k uk'khthoksads fy, iwokZuqeku iz.kkyh fodflr djuk rFkk vkbZih,e iSdstksadk izHkko fo'ys"k.k djukA ns'k esa i;kZoj.k ds vuqdwy Qlydk laj{k.k djus ds fy, csgrj lsok miyCk djkus dh fn'kkesa jklukizds lg;ksx] leUo;u rFkk fdlkuksa dh lgHkkfxrki)fr ds ek;e ls lesfdr Qly izcaku ij vkSj vf/kdvuqla/kku djus ds fy, viuh orZeku dk;Z ;kstuk dks lrr:i ls tkjh j[ksxk rkfd fdlkuksa dh csgrj vkthfodk lqfuf'prdh tk ldsA

"Let New India arise--out of the peasants'

cottage, grasping the plough; out of the huts of

the fisherman...... Let her emerge from groves

and forests, from hills and mountains."

Swami Vivekananda

NCIPM



pkoyRice

Synthesis and validation of location-specific IPMmodules in different rice agro-ecosystems

Bambawad (Uttar Pradesh)

A validation trial on IPM technology in rice wascarried out for the 4th consecutive year in 500 acreswith cv. Pusa Basmati 1121 at Bambawad (DistrictGautam Budh Nagar, U.P.) and adjoining villages infarmers participatory mode. Yellow stem borer (YSB),leaf folder, brown plant hopper (BPH), Bakanae andblast were the major pests. Major IPM interventionsincluded: green manuring with Sesbania (Dhaincha) orgreen gram, seed treatment with carbendazim (1 g a.i./kg), seedling root dipping in Pseudomonas fluorescens(3.0 X 1010 cfu; 5 ml/l of water, NCIPM strain), plantingof 2-3-seedlings/ hill, judicious application of fertilizer(60 N:50 P:40 K kg / ha) and ZnSO

4 @ 25 kg/ha,

installation of pheromone traps (5/ha) for YSBmonitoring, fixing of straw bundles (20/ha) foraugmentation and conservation of spiders, one releaseof Trichogramma japonicum @ 100,000/ha and need-based application of chemical pesticides (one spray ofbuprofezin in selected fields based on ETL-counts ofBPH).

The farmers practices (FP) involved no greenmanuring, no seed treatment, planting of 7-8 seedlings/hill, higher doses of fertilizer (220 N: 40 P: 0 K kg /ha), and 2-4 applications of chemical pesticides on theadvice of pesticide dealers. Non-IPM farmers had alsoapplied zinc sulphate but at lower dosages.

Observations on pest incidence were recorded from40 IPM fields and 20 FP fields by selecting 20 hills fromfive spots @ four hills/spot in each field. Soil analysiswas carried out for microbial and nutrients from IPM

fofHkUu pkoy f"k ikfjra=kksa esa LFkku fof'k"VvkbZih,e ekWM~;wyksa dk la'ys"k.k ,oa oSkhdj.k

cEckoM (mkj izns'k)cEckoM ftyk xkSre cq) uxj rFkk mlds vkl&ikl ds

xkaoksa esa fdlkuksa dh lgHkkfxrk izf;k esa 500 ,dM+ {ks= esaiwlk cklerh 1121 fdLe pkoy esa yxkrj pkSFks o"kZ vkbZih,eizkS|ksfxfd;ksa ij ,d oSkhdj.k ijh{k.k fd;k x;kA pkoy dsijh{k.k esa izeq[k uk'khthoksa esa ihyk ruk cskd okbZ,lch] ikheksM+d] Hkwjk ikni ekgw chih,p] cdkus rFkk izLQqVu 'kkfeyFksA vkbZih,e esa ijh{k.k djus ds fy, 'kkfey dh xbZ dk;Zuhfr;ksaesa

NCIPM


and FP fields. Samples of grains at harvest were alsoanalyzed for estimating pesticide residues.

Pest incidence /Natural enemies

Lower incidence of yellow stem borer, leaf folderand brown plant hoper were observed in IPM comparedto and FP fields (Table 1). Spider population was foundto be higher in IPM (1.36/hill) as against FP (1.05/hill).Among diseases, Bakanae remained the major one inFP fields with mean incidence of 17.7% while it wasnot observed in IPM fields.

40 vkbZih,e viukus okys rFkk 20 ,Qih viukus okys[ksrksa ls uk'khtho ds izdksi ij izs{k.k fd, x, ftlds fy,izR;sd [ksr esa 20 Vhyksa dks pkj Vhyk izfr LFkku ds fglkc ls ikpLFkkuks ls p;u fd;k x;kA vkbZih,e rFkk ,Qih [ksrksa ls izkIrenk esa thok.kqvksa ,oa iks"kd rRoksa ds fy, enk fo'ys"k.k fd,x,A dhVuk'kdksa ds vof'k"Vksa dk vkdyu djus ds fy, dVkbZds le; vuktksa ds izfrn'kksZa uewuksa dk Hkh fo'ys"k.k fd;k x;kA

uk'khtho dk izdksi@izkfrd 'k=qkijh{k.k ds ifj.kkeksa esa ,Qih [ksrksa dh rqyuk esa vkbZih,e

esa ruk Hksnd] ikh eksM+d rFkk Hkwjk ikni ekgw czkmu IykaV gksijdk izdksi de ik;k x;k rkfydk 1A edM+h dh la[;k ,Qih

rkfydk 1% cEckoM] mkj iznsk esa o"kZ 2013 ds nkSjku vkbZih,e ,oa fdlkuksa dh fofk ,Qih okys pkoy ds [ksrksaesa uk'khtho dk izdksi ,oa izkfrd 'k=qvksa dk ifjn`';A

Table 1: Scenario of pests and beneficials in IPM and FP fields of Basmati rice at Bambawad, UP during 2013

Ukk'khtho/Pest vkSlr@MeanvkbZih,e@IPM ,Qih@FP

ihyk ruk cskd % xzflr ikS/ks @ Yellow stem borer (% infested tillers) 0.12 0.75

iRrh eksMd % xzflr ikS/ks @ Leaf folder (% infested leaves) 0.09 0.26

Hkwjk ikni ekgw l[;k@Vhyk @ BPH (Nos./hill) 3.56 5.21

edM+h la[;k@Vhyk @ Spider (Nos./hill) 1.36 1.05

cdkus (% xzflr ikS/ks @ Bakanae (% incidence) 0 17.07

1-05 izfr Vhyk dh rqyuk esa vkbZih,e 1-36 izfr Vhyk esavfkd ikbZ xbZA jksxksa ds lacak esa] 17-7% ds vkSlr izdksi dslkFk fdlkuksa ds [ksrksa esa ^cdkus* izeq[k jksx ik;k x;k] tcfdvkbZih,e [ksrksa esa bls ugha ik;k x;kA

e`nk fo'ys"k.kiks"k.k lacakh fo'ys"k.k

izfrjksi.k ls igys ,d= fd, x, enk izfrn'kks uewuksa dsfo'ys"k.k ls ;g irk pyk fd fdlkuksa dh fofk;ksa dh rqyuk esavkbZih,e esa tSfod dkcZu] miyCk ukbVkstu (N), QkLQksjl(P), iksVk'k (K) rFkk ftad (Zn) dh ek=k vfkd FkhA QlyekSle ds e; esa flrEcj laxzfgr enk izfrn'kks ds fo'ys"k.k esa;g ik;k x;k fd fdlkuksa dh fofk;ksa dh rqyuk esa vkbZih,e esatSfod dkcZu rFkk ftad dh ek=k vfkd FkhA rFkkfi] fdlkuksadh fofk;ksa dh rqyuk esa] vkbZih,e esa ukbVkstu] QklQksjl rFkkiksVkl dh ek=k de ikbZ xbZ D;ksafd fdlkuksa us viuh fofk;ksaesa bu iks"kdksa dk vfkd ek=k esa mi;ksx fd;k FkkA

thok.kqt lef"VizkjaHk esa fdlkuksa dh fofk dh rqyuk esa vkbZih,e esa

Soil analysis

Nutritional analysis

Analysis of soil samples collected beforetransplanting indicated higher level of organic carbon,available nitrogen, phosphorous, potash and zinc inIPM as compared to FP. Analysis of soil samplescollected during mid-crop season (September) indicatedhigher levels of organic carbon and zinc in IPM ascompared to FP. However, the level of N, P and Kwas lower in IPM as compared to FP as higher level ofthese nutrients was applied by the farmers in FP.

Microbial population

Count of P. fluorescens was initially higher in IPM

as compared to FP; however, during the mid-crop

season the trend was changed. Total bacteria, fungi,

and Trichoderma counts in September was higher in

IPM as against FP. No definite trend could be observed

in the population of microbials in IPM and FP fields.


Pesticide residue analysis

Seed treatment with carbendazim was an important

component in IPM. Analysis of rice grain samples at

harvest indicated carbendazim below detectable level

(

NCIPM


Estimation of contribution of individual components

of IPM on pests, beneficial organisms and yield

in kharif rice.

Chinsurah, West Bengal

At Chinsurah (Hooghly, West Bengal) sheath

blight, sheath rot, bacterial leaf blight, yellow stem

borer, leaf folder and brown plant hopper are the

major pests in kharif rice whereas whorl maggot, greenleaf hopper, brown spot are the minor pests. Anexperiment was conducted at the Rice Research Station(RRS), Chinsurah (Hooghly) during kharif (wet), 2013

with cv. Swarna (MTU 7029) variety in split-split plot

design with three main plots, two sub plots and six seedtreatments as sub-sub plots to estimate the contribution

of individual components of IPM. All the treatments

were provided with fertilizer @ N : P2O

5 : K

2O ::

80:40:40 kg/ha (full P2O

5 + full K

2O + 1/2th N as

basal, 1/4th N as 1st top dressing and remaining 1/4th N

as 2nd top dressing). Status of N P K in the soil was

estimated before green manuring and transplan-

ting. Observations on insect pests and diseases were

recorded from 20 days after transplanting (DAT)

onwards at ten-day intervals. At sub-plot level, one

application of rynaxypyr 20 DAT provided

significantly lower infestation as compared to no such

application. In case of sheath blight, lowest incidence

was observed in green manuring by Sesbania followed

by pretilachlor application 5 DAT. Among the various

treatments, incidence of sheath blight remained

significantly lower in all the treatments having bio-

pesticide or carbendazim interventions as compared to

check.. Incidence remained lowest in seed treatment with

carbendazim @ 1g a.i./kg seed+soil application of

Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 20g/m2. Significantly higher

yield was observed in application of pretilachlor 750

ml a.i./ha 5 DAT as compared to green manuring.

Gerua, Assam

At RRLRRS (CRRI), Gerua, Assam, anexperimental trial was conducted with cv. Chandramaof rice in split-split plot design with four sub-sub plottreatments and four sub-plot treatments. Main plottreatments included spraying of rynaxypyr @ 50g a.i./

[kjhiQ pkoy esa uk'khthoksa] ykHkdkjh thok.kqvksarFkk mit ij vkbZih,e ds ,dy ?kVdksa ds ;ksxnkudk vkdyu

fpulqjk] if'pe caxkyfpulqjk gqxyh] if'pe caxky esa [kjhQ pkoy esa vkPNn

vaxekjh] vkPNn lM+u] thok.kqt ikh vaxekjh] ihyk rukHksnd] ikh eksM+d rFkk Hkwjk ikni ekgw izeq[k uk'khthoksa ds :iesa ik, x,] tcfd OgksZy eSxkWV] gjh ikh ekgw gksij rFkk HkwjkkCck ekgw uk'khtho lkekU; :i esa ik, x,A vkbZih,e ds,dy ?kVdksa ds ;ksxnku dk vkdyu djus ds fy, [kjhQ2013 vknzZrk ds fnuksa esa ds nkSjku pkoy vuqlakku dsUnzvkjvkj,l] fpulqjk gqxyh esa rhu eq[; IykVksa] nks miIykVksa rFkk mi&mi IykVksa ds :i esa N% cht mipkj IykVksa dslkFk fLIyV&fLIyV IykV fMtkbu esa Lo.kkZ fdLe ,eVh;w7029 ij ,d ijh{k.k fd;k x;kA lHkh mipkjksa esa moZjd@N: P

2O

5 : K

2O :: 80:40:40 cSly ds :i esa iw.kZ :i esa

P2O

5+K

2O+1/2 N)] igyh VkWi MSflax ds fy, 1/4 ukbVkstu

rFkk nwljh VkWi MSflax ds fy, 'ks"k (1/4) ukbVkstu dk iz;ksxfd;k x;kA enk esa gjh [kkn feykus rFkk izfrjksi.k ls igysukbVkstu] QkLQksjl rFkk iksVk'k dh fLFkfr dk vkdyufd;k x;kA izfrjksi.k ds 20 fnuksa ds i'pkr nl fnuksa dsvarjkyksa ij uk'khthoksa ,oa jksxksa ds MkVk ntZ fd, x,A miIykV Lrj ij izfrjksi.k ds 20 fnuksa 20 Mh,Vh ds cknjkbuSDlhfij dk ,d ckj iz;ksx fd, tkus ls uk'khtho lae.kesa Hkkjh deh ns[kh xbZ] tcfd blls igys bl izdkj dk dksbZHkh vuqiz;ksx ugha fd;k tkrk FkkA vkPNn vaxekjh ds lacakesa] lslcsfu;k rFkk izfrjksi.k ds ikap fnuksa ds ckn 5 Mh,VhizsfVykDyksj ds iz;ksx ds dkj.k bl jksx dk U;wure izdksi ik;kx;kA fofHkUu mipkjksa esa] vkPNn vaxekjh dk izdksi de ik;kx;k D;ksafd mipkj esa daVksy dh rqyuk esa tSo&dhVuk'kdvFkok dkcsZuMsfte dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k FkkA dkcZsuMsfte 1 xzk-izfr fdxzk- cht $ lwMkseksukl yksjksalsal 20 xzk- izfr oxZ eh- {ks=ds enk vuqiz;ksx ls dkQh de izdksi ns[kk x;kA Qly dhdVkbZ ds le; mit lacakh vkadM+ksa ls ,slk ladsr feyrk gS fdizfrjksi.k ds ikap fnuksa ds ckn 5 Mh,Vh gjh [kkn ds LFkku ijizsfVykDyksj 750 fe-yh- izfr gss- {ks= ds iz;ksx ls dkQh vfkdmit izkIr dh tk ldrh gSA

xs#vk] vlevkjvkj,yvkjvkj,l lhvkjvkjvkbZ] xs#ok] vle esa pkj

mi&mi IykVksa rFkk pkj mi&IykV mipkjksa ds lkFk fLIyV&fLIyVIykV fMtkbu dk iz;ksx djrs gq, pkoy dh pUnzek fdLe ij,d ijh{k.k fd;k x;kA eq[; IykV ds mipkj esa izfrjksi.k ds


ha at 35 DAT, 120 DAT, both at 35, 120 DAT andcontrol.

Cuttack, Odisha

IPM validation in rice was conducted at villageSinghamapur in 30 acres with cv. Pooja. In the rice-ricecropping system, rice variety Pooja was grown underirrigated conditions in 35 acres. The sowing dates fornurseries were 05 July and 12 July 2013 and dates oftransplanting were 03 Aug to 10 Aug 2013. The fertilizerapplication was N-80, P-40, K-40 in three splits. Acontrol plot of 5 acre was also maintained. Various IPMinterventions included one application of cartaphydrochloride (4G) at 30 DAT @ 1 kg a.i./ha, one sprayof carbendazim @ 1 g a.i./l at active tillering stage forblast and sheath blight affected plots and one spraybefore panicle initiation stage for false smut in all IPMplots and two sprays of plantomycin+ copperoxychloride in the bacterial blight affected plots at 8-day intervals.

YSB infestation was 1.2% in IPM as against 6.9%in FP. Leaf blast, sheath blight, BLB and false smutwere observed in traces in IPM as compared to 4.1 to10.9% in FP (Table 3).

ckn 35 ,oa 120 Mh,Vh rFkk daVksy ij jkbuSDlhfij 50 xzk- izfrgs- dk fNM+dko fd;k x;kA

dVd] vksfM'kkfla?keiqj xkao esa 30 ,dM+ {ks= esa pkoy dh iwtk fdLe

esa vkbZih,e iz.kkyh dk oSkhdj.k fd;k x;kA pkoy Qlyhdj.ki)fr esa flafpr fLFkfr;ksa ds varxZr 35 ,dM+ {ks= esa pkoy dhiwtk fdLe dh [ksrh dh xbZA ikS/k'kkykvksa ds fy, cqokbZ 05tqykbZ vkSj 12 tqykbZ 2013 dks dh xbZ vkSj 03 vxLr ls 10vxLr] 2013 rd izfrjksi.k fd;k x;kA moZjdksa dk iz;ksxukbVkstu (N)-80, QkLQksjl (P)-40, iksVk'k (K) -40 rhu fLifyVek=kvksa esa fd;k x;kA ,d 5 ,dM+ dk daVksy IykWV Hkhvuqjf{kr fd;k x;kA vkbZih,e dh fofHkUu dk;Zuhfr;ksa esajksikbZ ds ckn 30 fnuksa esa dkjVsi gkbMksDyksjkbM 4th 1fdxzk- izfr gs- dk ,d fNM+dko( izLQqVu ds fy, lf; tqrkbZvoLFkk ij rFkk vkPNn vaxekjh ls izHkkfor IykVksa esa dkcsZuMsfte1 xzk- izfr yhVj dk ,d fNM+dko vkSj lHkh vkbZih,e IykVksaesa vkHkklh daM QkYl LeV ds fy, kku dh ckyh f[kyus lsigys ,d fNM+dko rFkk 8 fnuksa ds varjkyksa ij thok.kqtvaxekjh ls izHkkfor IykVksa esa IykaVksekblhu $ dkWijvkWDlhDyksjkbM ds nks fNM+dko 'kkfey FksA

fdlkuksa dh fofk esa ihyk ruk Hksnd okbZ,lch dklae.k 6-9% ik;k x;k] tks vkbZih,e esa 1-2% FkkA fdlkuksadh fofk esa ikh izLQqVu] vkPNn vaxekjh] ch,ych rFkkvkHkklh daM QkYl LeV 4-1 ls 10-9% tcfd vkbZih,e esu ds cjkcj ik;k x;k rkfydk 3A

pkoy | Rice

uk'khtho vkbZih,e fdlkuksa dh fofk ,QihPest IPM FP

ihyk ruk cskd (%) / YSB (%) 1.2 6.9 (3-8 %)

ikh izLQqVu ikh lae.k (%) / Leaf blast (leaf infection) (%) Trace 4.1 (3-5 %)

vkPNn vaxekjh (%) / Sheath blight (%) Trace 5.8 (4- 10 %)

Hkwjk ikni ekgw (%) / BPH (%) Trace 8.9 (15-20 %)

QkYl LeV (%) / False smut (%) Trace 10.9 (15-20%)

rkfydk 3% o"kZ 2013 ds nkSjku fla?keiqj] dVd vksfM'kk esa vkbZih,e vkSj fdlkuksa dh fofk okys pkoy ds [ksrksa esauk'khtho dk ifjn`';

Table 3: Pest scenario in IPM and FP rice fields at Singhampur, Cuttack (Odisha) during 2013

Lkkekftd&vkfFkZd fo'ys"k.k esa fdlkuksa dh fofk dhrqyuk esa vkbZih,e viukus okys fdlkuksa ds [ksrksa esa 16]196izfr gs- dk 'kq) ykHk izkIr fd;k x;kA vkbZih,e esa ykHk %ykxr vuqikr 3-1 Fkk] tcfd fdlkuksa dh fofk dh rqyuk esa;g 2-63 Fkk rkfydk 4A

Socio-economic analysis indicated a net benefit of` 16, 196 /ha in the IPM fields over FP. B: C ratioremained 3.1 in IPM as against 2.63 in FP (Table 4).

NCIPM


lw=kfe ds fy, vkbZih,e dk;Zuhfr;ksa dk oSkhdj.k,oa izksUu;u

csaxyq#] dukZVdds- vkj- iSV] ekaM;k ftys esa 234 ,dM+ {ks= esa yxkrkj

pkSFks o"kZ Hkh lw=fe ds lacak esa lesfdr uk'khtho izcaku dsoS|hdj.k ijh{k.k fd, x,A bl {ks= esa pkoy lw=fe]eSyksMhxk;uh xzkfefudksyk] ruk cskd] ikh eksM+d] ikh vaxekjhrFkk izLQqVu izeq[k uk'khtho ik, x,A ijh{k.k esa dkckZs;qjkWu0-3 xzke izfr oxZ eh- dk mipkj rFkk izfrjksi.k ds 40 fnuksa dsckn [ksr esa bldk iz;ksx 1-0 fdxzk- izfr gs-] ikS/k'kkyk esaL;wMkseksukl yksjksalsal 20 xzk- izfr oxZ eh- vkbZvkbZ,pvkjfdLe vFkok bfeMkDyksfizM 1 fe-yh- izfr 4 yhVj dk iz;ksxfd;k x;k dkcksZ;qjkWu ds lkFk doduk'kd dk dksbZ iz;ksxugha fd;k x;kA

ijh{k.kksa esa dh xbZ vU; xfrfofk;ksa esa Qsjkseksu VSiksa ds}kjk uk'khthoksa dh fujarj fuxjkuh] Vkbdksxzsek tsiksfude dk[ksrks es NksM+uk rFkk vko';drkuqlkj ijthO;kHkksa dk vuqiz;ksx'kkfey FkkA

ftu ikS/k'kkykvksa esa doduk'kd ,oa dhVuk'kdksa ds vykokdkcksZ;qjkWu dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k Fkk] muesa L;wMkseksukl yksjkslsalls mipkfjr vkSj daVksy [ksrksa dh rqyuk esa de la[;k esa xkWy]izfr VSi vfkd la[;k esa ruk Hksnd O;Ld] de izLQqVu rhozrk]de 'kq"d ikni rFkk vfkd mit ikbZ xbZA

Validation and promotion of IPM strategies for

nematode

Bengaluru, Karnataka

Trials for integrated pest management fornematode were carried out for the fourth successiveyear in 234 acres at K.R.Pet, Mandya district. Rice root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola, stem borer,leaf folder, blight and blast were the major pests.Treatments carbofuran @ 0.3 g a.i./m2 followed by itsfield application @ 1.0 kg a.i./ ha at 40 days aftertransplanting, application of Pseudomonas fluorescens@ 20 g/sq m (IIHR strain) in nursery or imidacloprid@ 1 ml/4 l were maintained. (No mention of fungicideuse with carbofuran)

Regular monitoring of pests through pheromonetraps, release of Trichogramma japonicum and need-based application of parasitoids were other activitiescarried out.

Nursery applied with carbofuran in addition tofungicide and insecticide recorded less number of galls,more number of adults per trap, less blast severity andless dried plants due to stem borer and with more yieldcompared to P. fluorescens treated and control fields.

pj vkbZih,e fdlkuksa dh fofk ,QihVariables IPM FP

dqy ykxr / Total cost 20450 16550

mit fDo- izfr gs- / Yield (q/ha) 49.8 34.1

dqy ykHk ` izfr gs- / Total return (`/ha) 63744 43648

'kq) ykHk ` izfr gs- / Net-return (`/ha) 43294 27098

ykHk @ykxr vuqikr / B:C Ratio 3.1 2.6

rkfydk 4% o"kZ 2013 ds nkSjku fla?keiqj] dVd vksfM'kk esa vkbZih,e vkSj fdlkuksa dh fofk okys pkoy ds [ksrksa esamit o vkfFkZd vkdM+ksa dk fo'ys"k.k

Table 4: Yield and economics in IPM and farmers' practices (FP) rice fields at Singhamapur during 2013

mipkj ikS/k'kkyk esa ,Q,uih@200 lhlh xkWy@izfr 20 ikS/k izLQqVu izdksi (%)

Treatment FNP/200 cc in nursery Galls/20 Seedlings Blast incidence (%)

dkcksZ;qjkWu + 40 Mh,Vh/Carbofuran nursery + 40 DAT 224 21.55 2.6

ih- Qyksjkslsal & ikS/k'kkyk/P. fluorescens -nursery 285 34.35 2.5

vuqipkfjr daVksy/Untreated control 418 78.35 2.8

rkfydk 5% o"kZ 2013&14 esa ikS/k'kkyk ds nkSjku tM+&xkaB] xzhok izLQqVu dh rhozrk vkSj uk'khthoksa }kjk fd;k x;k uqdlku

Table 5: Overall severity of root-knot, neck blast and insect damage during nursery 2013-14


L;wMkseksukl yksjkslsal ls mipkfjr ikS/k'kkyk dh rqyukesa dkcksZ;qjkWu ls mipkfjr ikS/k'kkyk rFkk 40 Mh,Vh ij iqu%dkcksZ;qjkWu ds mipkj ls lw=fe dh U;wure lef"V] U;wurexkWy la[;k rFkk izLQqVu izdksi de ntZ fd;k x;kA

f'keksxk] dukZVddukZVd ds nkokukfxjh ftys esa fpdkMkMkdkVs esa 32

,dM+ {ks= esa ijh{k.k fd, x,A ijh{k.k esa dkcksZ;qjkWu @0-3xzk- izfr oxZ eh- {ks= ds lkFk ikS/k'kkyk D;kjh mipkj rFkkizfrjksi.k ds 40 fnuksa ds ckn [ksr vuqiz;ksx( D;kfj;ksa esaL;wMkseksukl yksjkslsal 20 xzk- izfr oxZ eh- {ks= dk vuqiz;ksx(VkbdksMekZ fojhMs vkbZvkbZ,pvkj fdLe 4 xzk- izfr fdxzk- dkcht mipkj vkSj vuqipkfjr daVksy tSls mipkj 'kkfey FksA

ijh{k.k esa ;Fkkvko';drk dh xbZ vU; xfrfofk;ksa esaQsjkseksu VSiksa ds }kjk uk'khthoksa dh fu;fer fuxjkuh] Vh-tsiksfude ihlhvkbZ fdLe dk foekspu rFkk doduk'kdksadk rRdkfyd LikWV vuqiz;ksx 'kkfey FksA dkcksZ;wjkWu iz;ksxdh xbZ ulZjh esa esyksMksxk;uh xzkfefudksyk ds dkj.k izfr ikSkU;wure xkWy 13] L;wMkseksukl yksjkslsal iz;ksx dh xbZ ulZjhesa 17 xky rFkk Vh- fojhMs iz;ksx dh xbZ ikS/k'kkyk esa izfr ikSk22 xky ntZ fd, x,] tcfd vuqipkfjr daVksy esa izfr ikSk92 xky ntZ fd, x,A f'keksxk esa] tM+&xkaB lwpdkad 3-5&4-5 dh jsat esa Fkk( vkbZ,uih% 465@200 lhlh enkA

lkekU; :i ls] ulZjh rFkk jksikbZ ds 45 fnuksa ckndkckZs;qjkWu ds vuqiz;ksx] nksuksa esa lw=fe dh U;wure lef"V]de la[;k esa xky rFkk de izLQqVu rhozrk ikbZ xbZ vkSj ih-yksjkslsal ls mipkfjr ,oa daVksy QhYMksa dh rqyuk esa mitHkh vfkd ikbZ xbZA

dY;k.kh] if'pe caxky24 ijxuk mkj] if'pe caxky ds ehuk vkSj gkcjk xkaoksa

esa lw=fe ij dsfUnzr jgrs gq, pkoy esa lesfdr izcaku dkoSkhdj.k fd;k x;kA vuqipkfjr daVksy esa izfrjksi.k ds 7fnuksa ds ckn ih- Qyksjkslsal 7-5 fdxzk- izfr gs- $ xkscj [kkn375 fdxzk- izfr gs- 7 lIrkg ckn dkcksZ;qjkWu 3 xzk- izfr fexzk-izfr gs- ds vuqiz;ksx dh rqyuk dh xbZA mipkj esa] vuqipkfjrdaVksy dh rqyuk esa] enk esa tM+&xkaB lw=fe lef"V ts2 esadkQh deh ns[kh xbZA vuqipkfjr daVksy dh rqyuk esa mijksDrmipkj ls pkoy dh mit esa 31-3% dh of) gqbZA

Qly dVkbZ ds le;] ih- yksjkslsal vkSj dkcksZ;qjkWuiz;ksx fd, x, [ksrksa esa] vuqipkfjr daVksy dh rqyuk esa]xkfyax rFkk lw=fe dh lef"V dkQh de ikbZ xbZ vkSj kkudh mit esa dkQh of) ns[kh xbZA

Nursery application with carbofuran with anotherapplication at 40 DAT recorded least final nematodepopulation, least number of galls and less blast incidencecompared to nursery treated with P. fluorescens.

Shimoga, Karnataka

Trials were undertaken in 32 acres atChikadadakatte, Davanagere district of Karnataka. Thetreatments viz. nursery bed treatment with carbofuran@ 0.3g a.i/m2 followed by field application at 40 daysafter transplanting (DAT), application of Pseudomonasfluorescens @ 20 g/m2 of beds, seed treatment withTrichoderma viride (IIHR strain) @ 4 g/kg of seed anduntreated control were maintained at both the locations.

Regular monitoring of pests through pheromonetraps, release of T. japonicum (PCI strain) and spotapplication of fungicides were the other activities carriedout as and when needed. The lowest (13) galls/seedlingdue to Meloidogyne graminicola was recorded incarbofuran-applied nursery, 17 galls in P. fluorescens-applied nursery, 22 galls/seedling in T. viride-treatednursery compared to 92 galls/seedling in untreatedcontrol. In Shimoga, the root-knot index ranged 3.5 4.5; INP: 465/200 cc soil.

In general, both nursery and 45 DAT applicationwith carbofuran recorded least nematode population,less number of galls, less blast severity, also recordedmore yield compared to P.fluorescens treated, andcontrol fields

Kalyani, West Bengal

Validation of integrated management focusing onnematode in rice was carried out in villages Mena andHabra, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal. Applicationof P. fluorescens @ 7.5 kg/ha + FYM @ 375 kg/ha at 7DAT followed by application of carbofuran 3 g @ 1kg a.i./ha at 4 weeks after transplanting (WAT) wascompared in untreated control. In treatment, root-knotnematode population (J

2) decreased significantly in soil

over untreated control. The treatment also increasedthe yield of rice by 31.3% over untreated control.

At harvest, galling as well as nematode populationin the P. fluorescens and carbofuran applied fields weresignificantly less in comparison to untreated controlwith substantial increase in the paddy yield.

pkoy | Rice

NCIPM


mipkj izHkkoh fVyjksa dh xky dh la[;k ,Q,uih@200 mit fDoa@

Treatment la[;k izfr Vhyk izfr 10 Vhyk lhlh e`nk izfr gs-No. of effective Number of galls FNP/200 cc soil Yield (q/ha)

tillers/hill /10 hills

izfrjksi.k ds 7 fnuksa ds ckn ih- Qyksjkslsal@7-5 fdxzk- 18-22 38 57-174 59.2izfr gs- $ xkscj [kkn@375 fdxzk- izfr gs- 7 lIrkg ckn

dkcksZ;qjkWu@3 xzk- izfr fdxzk- ldzh; rRo izfr gs- dk iz;ksx

Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 7.5 kg/ha + FYM@375 kg/ha at 7 days after transplanting followedby application of carbofuran 3G @ 1 kg a.i./ha at 4weeks after transplanting

vuqipkfjr daVksy@Untreated control 11-15 198 196-300 45.1

rkfydk 6% izfrjksi.k ds i'pkr fVyj la[;k] :V xky vkSj mit dh fLFkfr

Table 6: Tiller number, root gall and yield after transplantation

"I really enjoy how rewarding it is to provide peace

of mind to people in a panic by solving their pest

problems."

Jesse Huie, IPM Specialist


diklCotton

National Information System for Pest Managementin Bt cotton

The project, national information system for pestmanagement (NISPM) in Bt cotton under TMC MM-II was aimed at monitoring pest activities in Bt cottonin major cotton growing areas, sharing the pestinformation with State Agricultural Universities andState Agricultural Departments to issue the advisoriesand implement IPM technology in Bt cotton againstemerging pests. Under the project, there were thirteencooperating field centres and two specific centres.

e-pest surveillance and advisory system

Under the e-pest surveillance and advisory system,a total of 1062 fields were surveyed in 266 villagescovering 1372 farmers in eight states. Pest data collectedat weekly intervals from two fixed and two randomfields was uploaded at NCIPM Website by all Centresand on-line advisories were issued. Highest ETL wasreflected by leaf reddening; but as the leaf reddeningwas a common phenomenon only near crop maturity,therefore, the actual economic loss was not significant.Hoppers indicated highest hot spots i.e., 218 from 12districts. Mirid bug was found to cross ETL on 2occasions at Akola and 5 occasions at Perambalur.Among the diseases, the Alternaria leaf blight recordedhighest hot spots in two districts followed by parawilt(22 hot spots in five districts).

Extension activities

The capabilities of farmers on pest managementstrategies in Bt cotton were enhanced through villagelevel Farmers Group Meetings and Trainings at NISPMcentres. A total of 356 meetings and 72 farmers trainingwere organized, which were attended by 8796 and 2159

chVh dikl esa uk'khtho izcaku ds fy, jk"Vh;lwpuk iz.kkyh

Vh,elh ,e,e&II ds varxZr chVh dikl esa jk"Vh;uk'khtho izcaku lwpuk iz.kkyh ,uvkbZ,lih,e ifj;kstukdk ms'; izeq[k dikl mRiknd {ks=ksa esa chVh dikl esauk'khthoksa dh xfrfofk;ksa dh fuxjkuh djuk] jkT; f"kfo'ofo|ky;ksa ,oa jkT; f"k foHkkxksa dks uk'khthoksa ds fo#)lykg tkjh djus rFkk chVh dikl esa vkbZih,e izkS|ksfxdh dkdk;kZUo;u djus ds fy, uk'khthoksa ls lacafkr lwpuk bdVBkdjuk FkkA ifj;kstuk ds varxZr 13 lg;ksxh iz{ks= dsUnz rFkknks fof'k"V dsUnz lfEefyr FksA

bZ&uk'khtho fuxjkuh ,oa lykg iz.kkyhbZ&uk'khtho fuxjkuh ,oa lykg iz.kkyh ds varxZr vkB

jkT;ksa esa 1372 fdlkuksa dks lfEefyr djrs gq, 266 xkaoksa esadqy 1062 [ksrksa dk losZ{k.k fd;k x;kA lHkh dsUnzksa }kjk nksLFkk;h rFkk nks xSj fu/kkZfjr [ksrksa ls lkIrkfgd varjkyksa ijlaxzfgr uk'khtho lacakh vkdM+ksa dks jklukizds dh osclkbVij viyksM fd;k x;kA ikh ykyiu jksx ls vfkdre bZVh,yns[kk x;k( ysfdu pwafd Qly dh ifjiDork ds vkl&ikl dhvofk esa dsoy ikh ykyiu ,d vke ?kVuke Fkk] blfy,okLrfod vkfFkZd gkfu T;knk ugha FkhA gksijksa esa mPpre gkWVLikWV 12 ftyksa ls 218 ns[kk x;kA vdksyk esa nks voljksa ijrFkk isjecywj esa ikap ekSdksa ij fejhM cx dks bZVh,y ikj djrsik;k x;kA jksxksa esa] nks ftyksa esa nks gkWV LikWVksa esa lcls vfkdvYVjusfj;k ikh vaxekjh rFkk mlds ckn iSjkfoYV ikapftyksa esa 22 gkWV LikWV ntZ fd;k x;kA

foLrkj lacakh xfrfofk;kachVh dikl esa uk'khtho izcaku dk;Zuhfr;ksa ij fdlkuksa

dh {kerk,a c

NCIPM


farmers, respectively for dissemination of IPM. Otherextension activities involved 127 newspaper publications,38 radio/TV talks and 4 field days. A total of 1,91,714SMSs were sent by 10 Centres to farmers representingdifferent communities (SC-28041, ST-12312 andWomen-296) to provide the pest information and IPMintervention.

Under the project, 6586 ha area was covered fordissemination of IPM by participation of 4250 farmers.A total of 6989 farmers were motivated through farmer-to-farmer interaction resulting an addition of 9163 haunder IPM activities.

Linkages for sharing of pest information

Strong linkages were developed with StateAgriculture Department, State Agriculture Universitiesand NGOs to create awareness among farmers aboutIPM. Based on the surveillance data, 88 pest reportswere compiled at fortnightly intervals for each districtand were submitted to respective State Department ofAgriculture.

Economic analysis

Economic impact analysis indicated significantreduction in the number of chemical sprays from 7.34in FP to 4.27 in IPM; quantity of chemical pesticides(a.i. kg/ha) was reduced from 5.2 kg/ha in FP to 2.8kg/ha in IPM. Application of bio-pesticides, includingbotanicals was more in IPM (23.6%) as compared tonon-IPM (6.8%). Benefit-cost ratio remained 2.70 inIPM as compared to 2.07 in FP (Table 1).

Weather parameters and pest correlation

Daily weather report for 15 reporting stations wasshared with all the project partners through e-mail. Theweather data along with pest data of respective centreswas used for developing association rules to apply inthe next season in agro-advisories. Pest incidence wasspatially depicted in GIS maps.

esa fdlkuksa dks izf'k{k.k Hkh fn;k x;kA dqy 356 cSBdksa rFkk72 fdlku izf'k{k.kksa dk vk;kstu fd;k x;k] ftuesa vkbZih,eds izlkj ds fy, e'k% 8796 vkSj 2159 fdlkuksa us Hkkxfy;kA vU; foLrkj xfrfofk;ksa esa 127 lekpkj&i= izdk'ku]38 jsfM;ks@Vhoh okrkZ,a rFkk 4 iz{ks= fnol lfEefyr FksAuk'khtho lacakh lwpuk rFkk vkbZih,e dh dk;Zuhfr;ksa dksmiyCk djkus gsrq fofHkUu leqnk;ksa vuqlwfpr tkfr & 28041]vuqlwfpr tutkfr & 12312 rFkk efgyk fdlku & 296 dkizfrfufkRo djus okys fdlkuksa dks 10 dsUnzksa }kjk dqy 1]91]714,l,e,l Hksts x,A

ifj;kstuk ds rgr vkbZih,e ds izlkj ds fy, 6586 gs-{ks= dks lfEefyr fd;k x;k] ftlesa 4250 fdlkuksa us lgHkkfxrkdhA izR;sd fdlku ls ckrphr dj dqy 6989 fdlkuksa dksizksRlkfgr fd;k x;k] ftlds QyLo:i vkbZih,e dh xfrfofk;ksads varxZr 9163 gs- vfrfjDr {ks= dks 'kkfey fd;k x;kA

uk'khtho lacakh lwpuk lk>k djus gsrq lEidZvkbZih,e ds ckjs esa fdlkuksa esa tkx:drk ykus ds fy,

jkT; f"k foHkkx] jkT; f"k fo'ofo|ky;ksa rFkk xSj&ljdkjhlaxBuksa ds lkFk lEidZ l'kDr fd, x,A fuxjkuh MkVk dsvkkkj ij izR;sd ftys ds fy, ikf{kd varjky ij 88 uk'khtholacakh fjiksVks dk ladyu fd;k x;k rFkk mUgsa lacafkr jkT;f"k foHkkx dks Hkstk x;kA

vkfFkZd fo'ys"k.kvkfFkZd izHkko fo'ys"k.k esa u dsoy fdlkuksa dh fofk esa

7-3 jklk;fud fNM+dkoksa dh rqyuk esa vkbZih,e esa jklk;fudfNM+dkoksa esa Hkkjh deh 4-3 ykbZ xbZ cfYd fdlkuksa dh fofkesa 5-2 fdxzk-@gs- jklk;fud dhVuk'kdksa lh; rRo fdxzk-@gs- dh ek=k dh rqyuk esa vkbZih,e esa jklk;fud dhVuk'kdksadh ek=k dks de dj 2-8 fdxzk-@gs- ds Lrj ij yk;k x;kAxSj&vkbZih,e 6-8% dh rqyuk esa vkbZih,e 22-5% esaouLifr;ksa lfgr tSo&dhVuk'kdksa dk iz;ksx c


dikl | Cotton

Synthesis and validation of IPM strategies foremerging pests of cotton

Surveys were conducted during 2013-14 indifferent location of north, central and south zones toassess the status of insect-pests, diseases and naturalenemies in Bt and non-Bt cotton.

North zone

Surveys were conducted in 10 villages of Fazilka,Muktsar, Bhatinda and Mansa districts of Punjab, 11villages of Fatehabad and Sirsa districts of Haryana andsix villages of Hanumangarh district of Rajasthanduring September 2013 for pests and natural enemiesin Bt and non-Bt cotton. Among sucking pests, whiteflywas present at most of the places (5 to 20 nymphs/

dikl ds mHkjus okys uk'khthoksa ds fy, vkbZih,edk;Zuhfr;ksa dk la'ys"k.k vkSj oS/hdj.k

chVh o xSj&chVh dikl esa uk'khdhVksa] jksxksa o fe= dhVksadh fLFkfr fu/kkZj.k gsrq o"kZ 2013&14 ds nkSjku mkjh] e/; onf{k.kh {ks=ksa ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa losZ{k.k fd;k x;kA

mkjh {ks=kchVh ,oa xSj&chVh dikl esa uk'khthoksa rFkk izkfrd

'k=qvksa ds fy, flrEcj 2013 ds nkSjku iatkc esa QkftYdk]eqDlrj] HkafVMk rFkk eulk ftyksa esa 10 xkaoksa esa] gfj;k.kk dsQrsgkckn vkSj fljlk ftyksa ds 11 xkaoksa esa rFkk jktLFkku dsguqekux

NCIPM


adults per leaf). Mealybug incidence was recorded atfew locations and it was parasitized by Aenasiusbambawalei. Moderate to high level of incidence ofCLCuD was also recorded. Lepidopteran pests(Spodoptera litura, Earias vittella and Pectinophoragossipiella) were recorded at few locations in non-Btcotton.

Central zone

During October 2013, surveys were conducted in23 villages of Wardha, Yavatmal, Amaravati andNagpur districts of Maharashtra and 20 villages ofSurendranagar, Bhavnagar, Kheda and Ahmedabaddistricts of Gujarat. Among sucking pests, whitefly(2-10 nymphs/ adults per leaf) was prevailing and otherpests viz. jassid, thrips, aphids, mealybug (traces), leafreddening and parawilt were also recorded. Among thediseases, 2-3% incidence of leaf curl virus was recordedat a few locations (Shaluka, Ghunti in Wardha andYavatmal districts, respectively).

South zone

Surveys were conducted in six villages of Salem andTrichy districts of Tamil Nadu during January 2014for insect pests, diseases and natural enemies in Bt andnon-Bt cotton. During this period, mirid bugs and whitefly were observed as major pests whereas other pestslike jassid, thrips and aphids were also present. Leafreddening was also observed at a few locations.

Development of models to predict infestation ofsap feeders based on AICCIP historical data (TMC1.5)

Collation of historical data on the target pests viz.Amrasca devastans, Bemisia tabaci Thrips tabaci andbollworms inclusive of Pectinophora gossypiella wasdone from secondary sources and data base withAICCIP for a total of 18 cotton growing locations incollaboration with CICR was carried out.

Analysis of sap feeder scenario in North Zone

Highest mean population of jassids, thrips, andwhiteflies at Faridkot was during 2011 and 2010 cottonseasons, respectively.

x;k FkkA dikl dk ikh dqapu jksx lh,ylh;wMh dk izdksilkekU; ls vfkd ntZ fd;k x;kA xSj&chVh dikl esa dqNLFkkuksa ij ysfiMksIVsju uk'khtho LiksVksIVsjk fyVwjk] bZfj;klfoVsyk rFkk isDVhuksQksjk xkslhfi;syk ik, x,A

e; {ks=kvDVwcj] 2013 ds nkSjku egkjk"V ds okkZ] ;or eky]

vejkorh rFkk ukxiqj ftyksa ds 23 xkoksa esa rFkk xqtjkr dslqjsUnz uxj] Hkkouxj] [ksM+k rFkk vgenkckn ftyksa ds 20 xkoksaesa losZ{k.k fd, x,A pwld uk'khthoksa esa lQsn eD[kh 2&10fuEQ@O;Ld izfr ikh dh lef"V vfkd ikbZ xbZA tSflM]dk"BdhV] ekgw] feyhcx] ikh ykyiu rFkk iSjkfoYV eqj>kutSls vU; uk'khtho Hkh ntZ fd, x,A jksxksa esa] dqN LFkkuksa ijokkZ esa 'kkyqdk] ?kqaVh rFkk ;korer ftys ikh dqapu fo"kk.kqdk 2&3% izdksi ntZ fd;k x;kA

nf{k.kh {ks=kchVh ,oa xSj&chVh dikl esa uk'khthoksa rFkk izkfrd

'k=qvksa ds fy, tuojh] 2014 ds nkSjku rfeyukMq ds lsyerFkk f=ph ftyksa ds 6 xkaoksa esa losZ{k.k fd, x,A bl vofk dsnkSjku] izeq[k uk'khthoksa ds :i esa fejhM cx rFkk lQsn eD[khik, x,] tcfd tSflM] dk"BdhV vkSj ekgw tSls vU; uk'khthoHkh ekStwn ik, x,A dqN LFkkuksa ij ikh ykyiu Hkh ik;kx;kA

,vkbZlhlhvkbZih ds ,sfrgkfld MkVk (Vh,elh1-5) ds vkkkj ij pwld dhVksa ds lae.k dsiwokZuqeku ds fy, ekWMyksa dk fodkl

lhvkbZlhvkj ds lg;ksx esa dqy 18 dikl mRikndLFkkuksa ds fy, lgk;d lzksrksa rFkk ,vkbZlhlhvkbZih ds MkVkcsl ls yf{kr uk'khthoksa] vFkkZr vejkLdk fMokLkVsal] csfefl;kVscslkb] fFkzIl Vscslkb vkSj isDVhuksQksjk xkslhfi,Yyk ds lacakesa ,sfrgkfld MkVk ls feyku fd;k x;kA

mkjh {ks=k esa pwld dhVksa dk ifjn`'; fo'ys"k.ko"kZ 2011 vkSj 2010 dikl ekSleksa esa QjhndksV esa tSflM]

dk"BdhV fFkzIl rFkk lQsn eD[kh dh lcls vfkd lef"VikbZ xbZA yqfk;kuk esa uk'khtho ds :i esa dk"BdhV ugha ik,tkrs FksA rFkkfi] fiNys o"kks esa tSflM rFkk mlds ckn lQsneD[kh us uk'khthoksa dk :i kkj.k dj fy;k gSA fglkj esatSflMksa dh ?kVrh rFkk dk"BdhVksa dh c


dikl | Cotton

pjedky ihd ihfj;M rFkk mudh ekStwnxh ds LFkkuksa esalokZfkd fHkUurk ikbZ xbZ rkfydk&2A tSflM ds fy,Jhxaxkuxj rFkk dk"BdhVksa ds fy, yqfk;kuk dks NksM+dj]mkj {ks= ds lHkh LFkkuksa ij bZVh,y ls vfkd FksA 37os ekSlefoKku ekud lIrkg ,l,eMCY;w ds lkFk Jhxaxkuxj esalQsn efD[k;ka lokZfkd 56-3 la-@3 ifk;ka ikbZ xbA

mkj {ks= ds LFkkuksa ds fy, tSflM] dk"BdhV rFkk lQsnefD[k;ksa ds lacak esa iwokZuqeku vofk;ka 25&30] 27&36 rFkk27&40 ,l,eMCY;w vkadfyr dh xbA

Analysis of the dynamics of sap feeders acrossseasons and locations of the North zone indicated thepeak population levels to be the determinant of thepest status of any given sap feeder (Fig. 1). Period ofpeaks varied among sap feeders and locations with thehighest peaks above ETL at all North zone locationsexcept at Sriganganagar for jassids, and Ludhiana forthrips (Table 2). Whiteflies were the highest (56.3/3leaves) at Sriganganagar coinciding with 37 SMW.

The prediction periods in respect of jassids, thripsand whiteflies were inferred as 25-30, 27-36 and 27-40SMWs for North zone locations.

fp= 1% dikl ds pwld dhVksa dk fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa ifjn`';

Fig. 1. Scenario of cotton sap feeders at different locations

j[krs Fks] gkykafd fiNys N% o"kks esa dk"BdhV rFkk lQsnefD[k;ka dkQh T;knk egRoiw.kZ ekuk tkus yxk gSA

mkjh {ks= esa lHkh ekSleksa rFkk LFkkuksa esa pwld dhVksapwld dhV dh xfrfd;ksa ds fo'ys"k.k ls ,slk ladsr izkIr gqvkfd fdlh Hkh pqld dhVksa dh fLFkfr dks le>us ds fy, mldhlef"V ds Lrj eq[; fukkZjd gksrs gSa fp=&1A pwld dhVksa ds

Thrips were not pests at Ludhiana. However, jassidsfollowed by whiteflies gained pest status in recent years.Decreasing trend of jassids and increasing thrips werenoted at Hisar. Jassids were insignificant as pests atSriganganagar although thrips and whiteflies werehighly important over the last six years.

NCIPM


rkfydk 2% mkjh {ks= ds LFkkuksa esa pwld dhVksa ds fy, pjedky ihd ihfj;M

Table 2: Peak periods for sap feeders across North zone locations

LFkku pwld dhVksa dh lokZfkd lef"V la-@3 ifk;kaLocation ,oa vofk;ksa ,l,eMCY;w dh jsat

Range of peak population (no./3 leaves) and periods (SMW) of sap feeders

tSflM dk"BdhV lQsn eD[khJassids Thrips Whitefly

QjhndksV / Faridkot 2.8 -20.2 (28-32) 5.3-31.3 (25-32) 3.1-17.1 (29-41)

fglkj / Hisar 2.4-8.8 (32-39) 12.0-35.4 (29-35) 1.9-27.2 (24-41)

yqfk;kuk / Ludhiana 10.9-33.1 (24-31) 1.2-10.3 (23-30) 13.4-21.6 (24-36)

Jhxaxkuxj / Sriganganagar 2.5-5.5 (27-38) 21.4-49.6 (29-34) 18.0-56.3 (27-37)

{ks=h; / Zonal 3.2 -11.1 (25-30) 7.3-23.1 (27-36) 5.0-30.3 (27-40)


nyguPulses

vkbZih,e ds xgu vuqiz;ksx ls vjgj] puk] ewax]mM+n rFkk elwj dk c

NCIPM


Gulbarga and Bidar (Karnataka)

A3P programme was implemented in 3225.62 haunder pigeonpea and chickpea involving 2197 farmersin participatory mode. Using Farmers SMSs Portal of

GOI, timely advice wereprovided to farmersthrough SMSs in Kannadalanguage apart from regularfarmers meet (FFS) in theirvillages. Although, averageyield in comparison to stateand national average hadincreased by 43.05 and54.52%, the pest continuedto allude and warrants allout efforts in coming seasonespecially in view of changein rainfall pattern. Unlikeprevious years, theHelicoverpa podborer

infestation in non-A3P areas had crossed the ETL levelboth at 50% flowering (1.25 larvae/plant) as well aspodding stage (1.75 larvae/plant). Even in A3P areas,the Helicoverpa larvae crossed ETL at peak floweringstage. The spotted bollworm and podbug infestationwas on increase. The incidence level of spottedbollworm population was found directly related withthe rainfall pattern.

Similar programme has been implemented at KVK,Bidar benefiting 1499 farmers of 20 villages. Chickpeademos were successfully conducted in 3904 ha belongingto three blocks covering 12 villages involving 968farmers, who were convinced with the yield gained dueto adoption of various critical IPM inputs. Thereplacement of traditional seeds of Annigiri with JG-11 had resulted in better plant population due to itsresistant character. Farmers were also convinced of theresult of seed treatment with Trichoderma, andemammectin benzoate spray as green eco- friendlymolecule tried at their farms with their participation.Use of less pesticide had also encouraged conservationof beneficial insects especially the ladybird beetles andCampoletis. IPM technology in terms of yield, B:C ratioand reduction in number of pesticide sprays (Table 1).

xqycxkZ vkSj fcnj (dukZVd)fdlkuksa dh lgHkkfxrk izf;k esa 2197 fdlkuksa dks lfEefyr

djrs gq, ,3ih dk;Ze dks vjgj ,oa puk ds varxZr 3225-62gs- esa dk;kZfUor fd;k x;kA Hkkjr ljdkj ds fdlkuksa ls tqM+s,l,e,l iksVZy dk mi;ksxdjrs gq, vaxhr rFkk fiNyso"kks esa dk;Ze ls tqM+s fdlkuksadks u dsoy dUuM+ Hkk"kk esa,l,e,l ds ek;e ls le;ij lykg nh xbZ] cfYdfdlkuksa dks muds xkaoksa esa Hkhfu;fer fdlku cSBdksa fdlkuikB'kkyk ds ek;e ls Hkhle; ij lykg nh xbZA;|fi jkT; vkSj jk"Vh; vkSlrdh rqyuk esa vkSlr mit43-05 vkSj 54-52% c


Anantapur (Andhra Pradesh)

IPM has been implemented at KVK, Anantapurinvolving 1749 farmers. A3P guidelines benefited themin terms of higher yields (8.95 q/ha). Farmers who hadgrown cv. BRG-1 and BRG-2 had escaped the powderymildew infestation. The spotted podborer infestationin A3P as well as non-A3P areas had crossed the ETLlevel at both 50% flowering (12.7 and 22.4 larvae/plant)as well as peak flowering stages (21.3 and 35.8 larvae/plant). Sudden increase could be attributed to excessrain (deviation of +99.1%) received during the monthof September 2013. The crop also suffered infestationof pod borer in A3P as well as non-A3P at 50%flowering (1.4 and 5.2 larvae/plant) as well as peakflowering stage (9.3 and 17.2 larvae/plant) and wilt,which, could be managed effectively with theTrichoderma applied as seed treatment.

vuariqj (vkUkz izns'k)f"k foKku dsUnz] vuariqj esa vkbZih,e dk f;kUo;u

fd;k x;k] ftlesa 1749 fdlkuksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;kA ,3ihdk;Ze ds funsZ'kuksa ls fdlkuksa dks mPp mit 8-95 fDoa-@gs- izkIr gqbZA ftu fdlkuksa us chvkjth&1 vkSj chvkjth&2

pus esa jrqok@ Chickpea rust

Chickpea demos were implemented in 400 ha areabenefitting 336 farmers. The replacement of traditionalseeds of NbeG-3 with JG-11 resulted in better plantpopulation due to its resistant character. Except podborer infestation 1.2% in A3P as against 2.6% in non-A3P, there were not much insect-pest problems atvegetative stage (Table 1). Podborer was a great problemat podding stage (9.5% in non-A3P).

nygu | Pulses

fdLeksa dh [ksrh dh Fkh mUgsa pwf.kZy QQwan ds lae.k ls dksbZuqdlku ugha gqvkA ,3ih rFkk xSj ,3ih {ks=ksa esa fpkhnkj Qyhcskd dk lae.k 50% iq"iu 12-7 vkSj 22-4 lwaMh@iknivoLFkk ij rFkk iq"iu 21-3 vkSj 35-8 lwaMh izfr ikni dhpje voLFkk ij bZVh,y ls vfkd FkkA blesa vpkud of) dsihNs flrEcj] 2013 esa gqbZ vfkd o"kkZ $99-1% fopyu gksldrh gSA ,3ih ,oa xSj ,3ih esa 50% iq"iu 1-4 vkSj 5-2 lwaMhizfr ikni ij iq"iu 9-3 vkSj 17-2 lwaMh izfr ikni dh pjevoLFkk ij rFkk eqj>ku ij Qly dks Qyhcskd ds lae.k dsdkj.k Hkh uqdlku gqvk] ftlls VkbdksMekZ iz;ksx fd, chtmipkj ls izHkkoh :i ls fuiVk tk ldrk FkkA

pus ds lacak esa] 400 ,dM+ {ks= esa ijh{k.k fd, x,] ftlls336 fdlku ykHkkafor gq,A ,uchbZth&3 ds ikjEifjd chtksadk tsth&11 ds lkFk izfrLFkkiu djus ls rFkk mldh izfrjksfkrk{kerk ls csgrj ikni lef"V ikbZ xbZA xSj&,3ih esa 2-6%lae.k dh rqyuk esa ,3ih esa QyhHksnd ds 1-2% lae.k dksNksM+dj] okuLifrd Lrj ij uk'khtho lacakh dksbZ vkSj leL;kugha FkhA Qyh f[kyus xSj&,3ih esa 9-5% dh voLFkk ijQyhHksnd ,d cM+h leL;k FkhA vkbZih,e izkS|ksfxdh ds ykHkksadks mit] ykHk % ykxr vuqikr rFkk dhVuk'kdksa ds fNM+dkoesa de la[;k ds vkkkj ij rkfydk 1 esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA

pus esa pwf.kZy QQwan @Chickpea powdery mildew

NCIPM


rkfydk 1% p;fur LFkkuks ij izeq[k nygu Qlyksa esa vkbZih,e izkS|ksfxdh ds vkfFkZd igyq

Table 1: Economics of IPM technology in major pulse crops at selected locations

LFkku mit fDoa- izfr gs- ykHk%ykxr vuqikr dhVuk'kd fNM+dkoksa dhVuk'kd fNM+dkoksaLocation Yield (q/ha) B:C ratio dh la[;k- dh la[;k- esa deh

No. of pesticide Reduction in no.

sprays of pesticide sprays

vkbZih,e xSj vkbZih,e vkbZih,e xSj vkbZih,e vkbZih,e xSj vkbZih,e

IPM Non IPM IPM Non IPM IPM Non IPM

Pigeonpea

vuariqj@Anantapur 7.07 6.4 2.0 1.7 2 2 0

xqycxZ@Gulbarga 10.6 9.1 3.4 2.7 2 4 2

fcnj@Bidar 13.7 8.2 4.0 2.1 3 5 2

tcyiqj@Jabalpur 13.1 7.5 0 0 2 3 1

cnukiqj@Badnapur 16.0 0 0 0 2 4 0

ijHk.kh@Parbhani 12.3 0 3.4 2.4 2 8 6

uSxkao@Naigoan 11.0 8.3 3.0 1.7 3 4 1

Qrsgiqj@Fatehpur 13.5 8.5 2.8 1.9 2 5 3

fetkZiqj@Mirzapur 0 0 0 0 1 1 0

yksgkjMkxk@Lohardaga 13.6 9.8 2.7 1.75 2 4 2

Chickpea

vuariqj@Anantapur 12.7 9.4 2.0 1.4 3 2 -1

xqycxZ@Gulbarga 11.7 9.7 2.6 2.0 3 4 1

fcnj@Bidar 13.5 10.5 2.4 1.7 2 3 1

tcyiqj@Jabalpur 0 0 0 0 2 3 1

cnukiqj@Badnapur 8.5 0 0 0 2 2 0

ijHk.kh@Parbhani 12.1 0 1.8 1.3 2 7 5

uSxkao@Naigoan 21.5 13.8 4.3 1.8 2 4 2

Qrsgiqj@Fatehpur 0 0 0 0 1 4 3

fetkZiqj@Mirzapur 0 0 0 0 2 2 0


Mung & Urdbean

cnukiqj@Badnapur 4.5 4.5 3.1 1 2 1

Lentil

tcyiqj@Jabalpur 13.5 10.0 0 0 0 0 0

fetkZiqj@Mirzapur 0 0 0 0 1 0 -1



Badnapur (Maharashtra)

IPM was implemented by ARS, Badnapur in 240ha benefiting 191 farmers of two villages. A3Pinterventions benefited them in terms of higher yields(8.95 q/ha). The replacement of traditional seeds(Khadkha and Majalgoan) with released varieties (BDN-711, BSMR-853 & BSMR-736) resulted in better plantpopulation due to its resistant character. A3P farmerscould achieve better yields (25 q/ha) in comparison toconventional farmers (7 q/ha) owing to the fact thatleaf roller, pod borer, plume moth, Maruca as well aspod bug infestation could be managed due to timelymonitoring and action. Among diseases, Phytophthorablight was of a major concern.

Chickpea IPM demonstration could beimplemented in 215 ha, benefiting 164 farmers of threevillages. Beneficiary farmers received higher yields (12.5q/ha) in comparison to conventional farmers (8.5 q/ha). The low productive varieties could be replacedwith cv. Vijay, Digvijay and BDN-9-3. The incidenceof collar rot was higher in non-A3P (7-20%). At 50%flowering stage, the incidence of podborer was also onhigher side (3.29 larvae/plant).

Mungbean IPM demos were also implemented in169 ha, benefiting 169 farmers of two villages. The lowproductive varieties could be replaced with BM-4 7 andBM. 2002-1. The incidence of thrips (12.66/plant),stemfly (0.69/plant) and Spodoptera (1.6/plant) wasmore in non-A3P farmers' fields. A3P farmers couldharvest 6 q/ha in comparison to 3q/ha by non-A3Pfarmers.

Parbhani (Maharashtra)

Pigeonpea A3P programme was implemented in

500 ha involving 450 farmers in participatory mode

covering four villages. Average A3P beneficiary farmers

could get higher yields (13.10 q/ha) in comparison

to conventional farmers (10.7 q/ha). The replacement

of traditional seeds (Yashoda, Khadkha and Majalgoan)

with released varieties (BDN-708, BSMR-853 & BSMR-

736) resulted in better crop growth. The pod borer

infestation level was well below the ETL, however the

crop suffered serious incidence of Cercospora leaf spot.

cnukiqj (egkjk"V),vkj,l] cnukiqj }kjk 240 gs- esa vkbZih,e dk dk;kZUo;u

fd;k x;k] ftlls 2 xkaoksa ds 191 fdlku ykHkkafor gq,A ,3ihdh dk;Zuhfr;ksa ls fdlkuksa dks mPp mit 8-95 fDoa- izfr gsizkIr gqbZA ikjEifjd chtksa [kkn[kk vkSj ektyxkao dh foeksfprfdLeksa chMh,u&711] ch,l,evkj&853 vkSj ch,l,evkj&736 ds izfrLFkkiu ls rFkk mudh izfrjkskh {kerk ls csgrjikni lef"V ikbZ xbZA ikh eksM+d] Qyh Hksnd] IY;we eksFk]fpfknkj lwaMh rFkk ikWM cx lae.k dh le; ij fuxjkuhbR;kfn djus ds dkj.k ,3ih viukus okys fdlkuksa dks] ikjEifjdfdlkuksa 7 fDoa- izfr gs- dh rqyuk esa] csgrj mit 25 fDoa-izfr gs- izkIr gqbZA jksxksa esa] QkbVksIFkksjk jksx eq[; leL;k FkhA

pus ds lacak esa vkbZih,e dks 215 gs- esa dk;kZfUor fd;kx;k] ftlls rhu xkaoksa ds 164 fdlku ykHkkafor gq,A ykHkkaforfdlkuksa us ikjEifjd fdlkuksa 8-5 fDoa- izfr gs- dh rqyuk esamPp mit 12-5 fDoa- izfr gs- izkIr dhA de mit nsus okyhfdLeksa dks fot;] fnfXot; vkSj chMh,u&9&3 fdLeksa lsizfrLFkkfir fd;k x;kA xSj&,3ih 7&20% okys fdlkuksa ds[ksrksa esa xzhok foxyu dkWyj jkWV dk izdksi vfkd FkkA 50%iq"iu voLFkk ij QyhHksnd dk izdksi 3-29 lwaMh izfr iknivfkd FkkA

ewax ds lacak esa vkbZih,e dks 169 gs- esa dk;kZfUor fd;kx;k] ftlls nks xkaoksa ds 169 fdlku ykHkkafor gq,A de mitnsus okyh fdLeksa dks ch,e&4&7 vkSj ch,e 2002&1 ls izfrLFkkfirfd;k x;kA ,3ih ugha viukus okys fdlkuksa ds [ksrksa esa dk"BdhV12-66 izfr ikni] ruk eD[kh 0-69 izfr ikni rFkk LiksMksIVsjk1-6 lwaMh izfr ikni dk izdksi vfkd FkkA ,3ih ugha viukusokys fdlkuksa ds 3 fDoa- izfr gs- mit dh rqyuk esa ,3ih viukusokys fdlkuksa dh mit 6 fDoa- izfr gs- FkhA

ijHk.kh (egkjk"V)vjgj lacakh ,3ih dk;Ze dks 500 gs- esa fdlkuksa dh

lgHkkfxrk i)fr esa dk;kZfUor fd;k x;k] ftlesa pkj xkaoksa ds450 fdlkuksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;kA ikjEifjd fdlkuksa10-7 fDoa- izfr gs- dh rqyuk esa ,3ih viukus okys vkSlrykHkkFkhZ fdlkuksa dks mPp mit 13-10 fDoa- izfr gs- izkIrgqbZA ikjEifjd chtksa ;'kksnk] [kkndk rFkk ektyxkao dhfoeksfpr fdLeksa chMh,u&708] ch,l,evkj&853 rFkkch,l,evkj& 736 ds lkFk izfrLFkkiu djus ls Qly esaT;knk of) gqbZA ;|fi QyhHksnd dk lae.k bfV,y Lrj lsde Fkk] rFkkfi Qly dks lsjdksLiksjk ikh kCck izdksi lsdkQh uqdlku gqvkA

nygu | Pulses

NCIPM


For chickpea, the 317 farmers were adopted

covering 500 ha area. Farmers under A3P could harvest

(12.10 q/ha) in comparison to 10.6 q/ha by non-A3P

farmers. The main governing factors for higher yield

were use of Rhizobium and Trichoderma seed treatment.

The Trichoderma consortium provided by University

also served as PGPR aiding good plant health. Higher

number of predators (ladybird beetle), could bring

down the level of pod borer infestation. The infestation

level of pod borer was quite high in non-A3P (2.2/

plant) in comparison to A3P (0.9/plant) at podding

stage.

Naigaon (Maharashtra)

Demonstration of pigeonpea A3P programme was

implemented in 500.2 ha covering two villages involving

509 farmers. The replacement of traditional seeds

(Khadkha) with BSMR-736 resulted in better yield. The

infestation of pod borer was less, in general. However,

the incidence of podfly was low in A3P (1.37/25 pods)

as against high in non-A3P areas (2.93/25 pods). Disease

incidence was negligible and did not warrant any

protective measure. Average A3P beneficiary farmer

could get higher yields (10.99 q/ha) in comparison to

conventional farmer (8.29 q/ha).

Chickpea IPM demonstration was implemented in

500.2 ha, benefiting 624 farmers of two villages. The

low productive varieties could be replaced with Vijay.

The incidence of wilt was higher in non-A3P (1.18%).

At peak flowering stage, the incidence of pod borer

was also on higher side (0.57 larvae/plant) in non-A3P

farms. Beneficiary farmers received higher yield (21.48

q/ha) in comparison to conventional farmers (13.76 q/

ha), (Table 1). Low incidence of wilt could be attributed

to seed treatment with Trichoderma @ 10 g/kg seed,which also served as PGPR.

Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh)

IPM in pigeonpea has been implemented in 100 ha

benefiting 90 farmers of Shahapura block. The

infestation of pod borer was low in A3P (3.5 larvae/

plant) fields as against high in non-A3P fields (9.1 larvae/

plant). A3P guidelines benefited them in terms of

pus ds fy,] 500 gs- dks lfEefyr djrs gq, 317 fdlkuksadks vaxhr fd;k x;kA ,3ih ugha viukus okys fdlkuksa dh 10-6 fDoa- izfr gs- mit dh rqyuk esa ,3ih viukus okys fdlkuksa dks12-10 fDoa- izfr gs- mit izkIr gqbZA mPp mit ds fy, eq[;dkj.k jkbtksfc;e dk mi;ksx rFkk VkbdksMekZ ls fd;k x;kcht mipkj FkkA fo'ofo|ky; }kjk miyCk fd, x, VkbdksMekZdUlksfVZ;e us ihthihvkj ds :i esa Hkh dk;Z fd;k] ftlls iknidk LokLF; vPNk cuk jgkA ijHkf{k;ksa dh vfkd la[;k dsdkj.k QyhHksnd lae.k de gks ik;kA iq"iu voLFkk ijQyhHksnd dk lae.k ,3ih viukus okys fdlkuksa 0-9 lwaMh izfrikni dh rqyuk esa ,3ih ugha viukus okys fdlkuksa 2-2 lwaMhizfr ikni ds [ksrksa esa dkQh T;knk FkkA

uSxkao (egkjk"V)vjgj lacakh ,3ih dk;Ze dks 500-2 gs- esa dk;kZfUor fd;k

x;k] ftlesa nks xkaoksa ds 509 fdlkuksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;kAikjEifjd chtksa [kkn[kk dk ch,l,evkj&736 ds lkFk izfrLFkkiudjus ls vfkd mit izkIr dh xbZA lkekU; :i ls QyhHksnd dklae.k de FkkA rFkkfi] QyhHksnd dk izdksi ,3ih 1-37 lwaMhizfr 25 Qyh viukus okys fdlkuksa ds [ksrksa esa de Fkk] tcfd,3ih dk;Ze ugha viukus okys fdlkuksa ds [ksrksa esa QyhHksnd dkizdksi 2-93 lwaMh izfr 25 Qyh vfkd FkkA jksx izdksi ux.; FkkvkSj blfy, dksbZ mipkjkRed o j{kksik;ksa dh vko';drk eglwlugha dh xbZA ikjEifjd fdlkuksa dh mit 8-29 fDoa- izfr gs- dhrqyuk esa ,3ih viukus okys vkSlr ykHkkFkhZ fdlkuksa dks mPp mit10-99 fDoa- izfr gs- izkIr gqbZA

pus ls lacafkr vkbZih,e dk;Ze dks 500-2 gs- esa dk;kZfUorfd;k x;k ftlls nks xkaoksa ds 624 fdlku ykHkkafor gq,A demit nsus okyh fdLeksa dks fot; fdLe ls izfrLFkkfir fd;kx;kA ,3ih ugha viukus okys fdlkuksa 1-18% ds [ksrksa esaseqj>ku dk izdksi vfkd FkkA iq"iu dh pje voLFkk ij Hkh QyhHksnd dk izdksi ,3ih ugha viukus okys fdlkuksa ds [ksrksa esavfkd Fkk 0-57 lwaMh izfr ikniA ikjEifjd fdlkuksa 13-76fDoa- izfr gs- dh rqyuk esa ykHkkFkhZ fdlkuksa dks mPp mit21-48 fDoa izfr gs- izkIr gqbZ rkfydk 1A eqj>ku dk de izdksigksus ds ihNs VkbdksMekZ 10 xzke izfr fdxzk- cht ds lkFkmipkj Fkk] ftlus ihthihvkj ds :i esa Hkh dk;Z fd;kA

tcyiqj (e; izns'k)vjgj ds lacak esa vkbZih,e dk;Ze dks 'kkgiqjk CykWd esa

dk;kZfUor fd;k x;k] ftlls 90 fdlku ykHkkafor gq,A ,3ihdk;Ze ugha viukus okys fdlkuksa 9-1 lwaMh izfr ikni esaQyhHksnd ds vfkd lae.k dh rqyuk esa ,3ih dk;Zeviukus okys fdlkuksa 3-5 lwaMh izfr ikni ds [ksrksa esa lae.k


de ik;k x;kA ,3ih ugha viukus okys fdlkuksa 7-51 fDoa-izfr gs- dh rqyuk esa ,3ih viukus okys fdlkuksa 13-12 fDoa-izfr gs- dks mPp mit izkIr gqbZA

pus ds lacak esa vkbZih,e dk;Ze dks 100 gs- esa dk;kZfUorfd;k x;k] ftlesa 6 xkaoksa ds 100 fdlku ykHkkafor gq,A demit nsus okyh fdLeksa dks tsth&315 vkSj tsth&16 fdLeksa lsizfrLFkkfir fd;k x;kA iq"iu dh pje voLFkk ij ,3ih dk;Zeviukus okys fdlkuksa 1-1 lwaMh izfr ikni ds [ksrksa esa QyhHkssnddk lae.k de Fkk] tcfd ,3ih dk;Ze ugha viukus okysfdlkuksa 5-6 lwaMh izfr ikni ds [ksrksa esa vfkd FkkA

elwj ds lacak esa vkbZih,e dk;Ze dks 100 gs- esa dk;kZfUorfd;k x;k] ftlls pkj xkaoksa ds 100 fdlku ykHkkafor gq,Ade mit nsus okyh fdLeksa dks ts,y&1] ts,y&2 rFkk uwjhfdLeksa ls izfrLFkkfir fd;k x;kA ,3ih dk;Ze ugha viukusokys fdlkuksa 11-02 izfr ikni ds [ksrksa esa ,fQM ds mPplae.k dh rqyuk esa ,3ih dk;Ze viukus okys fdlkuksa4-2 izfr ikni ds [ksrksa esa ekgq dk lae.k de ik;k x;kAQ;qlsfj;e eqj>ku ds izdksi ds dkj.k ,3ih dk;Ze viukusokys 3-4% ds rqyuk es ,3ih dk;Ze ugha viukus okys9-6% fdlkuksa dh Qly dks T;knk uqdlku gqvkA ,3ih ughaviukus okys fdlkuksa dh mit 9 fDoa- izfr gs- dh rqyuk esa,3ih viukus okys fdlkuksa dks vfkd mit 13 izfr gs- izkIrgqbZA vkbZih,e izkS|ksfxdh ds ykHkksa dks mit] ykxr%ykHkvuqikr rFkk dhVuk'kdksa ds fNM+dko esa de la[;k ds vkkkjij rkfydk1 esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA

iQrsgkckn (mkj izns'k)vjgj ds lacak esa] vkbZih,e dk;Ze dks 125-6 gs- esa

dk;kZfUor fd;k x;k] ftlls ikap xkaoksa ds 160 fdlkuykHkkafor gq,A lkekU; :i ls] QyhHksndksa dk lae.k deik;k x;kA ,3ih dk;Ze 0-17 lwaMh izfr ikni viukus okysfdlkuksa ds [ksrksa esa QyhHkssnd uk'khtho dk lae.k de Fkk]tcfd ,3ih dk;Ze 0-23 ugha viukus okys fdlkuksa ds[ksrksa esa ;g vfkd FkkA lsjdksLiksjk ikh kCck vkSj QkbVksIFkksjkvaxekjh ds fofokkRed izdksi ds dkj.k ,3ih dk;Ze viukusokys ds rqyuk es ,3ih dk;Ze ugha viukus okys fdlkuksa dhQly dks T;knk uqdlku gqvkA ,3ih dk;Ze ugha viukusokys fdlkuksa 8-5 fDoa- izfr gs- dh rqyuk esa ,3ih dk;Zeviukus okys fdlkuksa 13-50 fDoa- izfr gs- dks mPp mit izkIrgqbZA vkbZih,e izkS|ksfxdh ds ykHkksa dks mit] ykxr%ykHkvuqikr rFkk dhVuk'kdksa ds fNM+dko esa de la[;k rkfydk 1esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA

yksgkjMkxk (>kj[kaM)vjgj ds lacak esa] ,3ih ds oSkhdj.k dk;Ze dks 500

gs- esa dk;kZfUor fd;k x;k] ftlesa 10 xkoksa ds 494 fdlkuksadks 'kkfey fd;k x;kA ikjEifjd chtksa fprkyh dk ujsUnz

higher yields (13.12 q/ha) in comparison to non-A3P

(7.51 q/ha).

Chickpea IPM demonstration could be

implemented in 100 ha, benefiting 100 farmers of six

villages. The low productive varieties could be replaced

with JG-315 and JG-16. Infestation of pod borer was

low in A3P fields (1.1 larvae/plant) as against high in

non-A3P fields (5.6 larvae/plant) at peak flowering stage.

Lentil IPM demonstrations were also implemented

in 100 ha, benefiting 100 farmers of four villages. The

low productive varieties could be replaced with cvs.

JL-1, JL-2 and Noori. The incidence of aphids was low

in A3P (4.2/plant) as against high in non-A3P (11.02/

plant). The crop suffered from Fusarium wilt with

incidence of A3P (3.4%) and non-A3P (9.6%). A3P

farmers could harvest 13 q/ha in comparison to 9 q/ha

by non-A3P farmers (Table 1).

Fatehabad (Uttar Pradesh)

IPM in pigeonpea has been implemented in 125.6

ha benefiting 160 farmers of five villages. The infestation

of borers was low, in general. The infestation level of

key pest podborer was low in A3P (0.17 larvae/p

Documents

AR2013-14.pdf