Bilingual Dictionaryfor ESL Beginners

English/ThaiA

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The work on this production was supported by a large number ofESL teachers who assisted in the choice of lexicon.

© 2001 New South Wales Department of Education and TrainingStudent Services and Equity Programs, Multicultural Programs Unit,Level 14, 1 Oxford Street Darlinghurst NSW 2010

Phone 9244 5764 or 9244 5324

RESTRICTED WAIVER OF COPYRIGHT

The printed material in this publication is subject to a restricted waiverof copyright to allow the purchaser to make photocopies of thematerial contained in the publication for use within schools orinstitutes subject to the conditions below.

1. All copies of the printed material shall be made withoutalteration or abridgement and must retain acknowledgement ofthe copyright.

2. The school or college shall not sell, hire or otherwise deriverevenue from copies of the material, nor distribute copies of thematerial for any other purpose.

3. The restricted waiver of copyright is not transferable and may bewithdrawn in the case of the breach of any of these conditions.

ISBN No: 0 7310 77539

Contents

Introduction i

How to use the dictionary ii

Dictionary 1

Appendices

1. Numerals and ordinals 80

2. Common countries/states and their adjectival forms 81

3. Common irregular verbs 82

4. Times 84

5. Days of the week/months of the year/units of time 85

6. Weights and measures 85

Bibliography 85

Introduction

The Bilingual Dictionary for ESL Beginners has been developedfor use by students in the early stages of learning English as asecond language.

The list of words contained in this dictionary includes the mostcommon words that students use in everyday communicationand in the classroom. This list provides a scaffold for furtherlanguage acquisition.

The Bilingual Dictionary for ESL Beginners takes intoconsideration the Australian culture and way of life includingfrequently encountered colloquial words and phrases. It isexpected that students will use this publication as a referencepoint for the first 12 to 18 months of English languageacquisition.

A companion volume titled Thematic Picture Dictionary for ESLBeginners may be used in conjunction with this volume. Itcontains over 400 illustrated words, all of which can be foundwith their translations in this volume.

The two dictionaries are designed for individual student use atschool and at home to support English language acquisition.

The skills of many ESL teachers were utilised in the choice oflexicon for this dictionary. Their enthusiastic participation hashelped to produce a valuable teaching and learning resourcesuited to the needs of beginner ESL students.

i

How to use this dictionary

Notes for the teacher

The information in this dictionary is presented simply showing part of speech, headword in bold,definition if required and phrases for words which need to be read in context for clarity of meaning.You will find explanations regarding the organisation of the dictionary below.

Page Header

The page header is found at the top left of each page in bold for easy identification of the pagecontents. It shows the first and last English entry on the page.

Example from page 1:

a - afterwards indicates that the first entry on this page is a and the last entry is afterwards.

The Headword

The headword is the word being defined in an entry. It appears in large bold type and isalphabetically ordered. Definitions of the headword appear under the headword (if applicable) andare numbered. Phrases, colloquial phrases, phrasal verbs and interjections containing theheadword are translated in full and appear under the definitions.

Example from page 4:

Headword Translationpart of backspeechn Definition 1. body part only the word back is translated as a noun with

the meaning body partadv Definition 2. opposite front only the word back is translated as an adverb

with the meaning opposite frontphrase 3. give it back the phrase give it back is translated in full

Example from page 31:

Headword Translationpart of helpspeechn Definition 1. aid only the word help is translated as a noun with

the meaning aidphrase 2. help yourself the phrase help yourself is translated in full with

(serve yourself) the meaning serve yourself colloq 3. I can't help it (I have the colloquial phrase I can't help it is phr no control over it) translated in full with the meaning I have no

control over it

Where there is more than one meaning for an item of lexicon but only one is in common usage themeaning for translation has been included next to the headword in brackets.

Example from page 2:

Headword Translationn angle (mathematical usage) only the word angle is translated as a noun

with the meaning mathematical usage

Abbreviations

Words commonly found in the lexicon as abbreviations appear in the dictionary as abbrev and arenot translated. They indicate the full spelling of the word where the translation may be found.

ii

Example from page 4:

Headword Translationabbrev barbie *see barbecue no translation - translation is found at the entry

barbecue

Common present and past tense verb forms

Commonly used irregular present and past tense verb forms have been included in the body of thedictionary as they may not be recognised by the student as a derivative of the base form. Theseare not translated however and indicate the base form where the translation may be found.

Examples from page 2:

Headword Translationprt v am *see be no translation - translation is found at the entry

beprt v are *see be no translation - translation is found at the entry

be

Appendices

Six appendices have been included and may be found at the end of the word list. These are:

1. numerals and ordinals2. common countries/states and their adjectival forms3. common irregular verbs showing the base form, past tense and past participle forms4. times in analog and 24 hour format5. days of the week/months of the year/units of time6. weights and measures.

These appendices have not been translated.

Parts of speech

Parts of speech are abbreviated and found in the left hand column of the English text in thedictionary. Other descriptors such as colloquialism are also abbreviated. A full list of abbreviationsused is shown below.

Abbreviations used in this dictionary

Abbreviation Meaning

abbrev abbreviationadj adjective

adv adverb

colloq colloquialism

colloq phr colloquial phrase

conj conjunction

det determiner

int interjection

n noun

phr v phrasal verb

prep preposition

pron pronoun

prt v present tense verb form

pt v past tense verb form

v verb

iii

a – afterwards

Adet a/an Àπ÷Ëß Õ—πÀπ÷ËßÕ—π„¥ §”π”ÀπÈ“§”π“¡‡Õ°æ®πÏn ability §«“¡ “¡“√∂

ablev 1. be able to  “¡“√∂adj 2. talented ¡’æ√ «√√§Ï n Aboriginal person ™“«Õ‚∫√‘®’π—≈ §πæ◊Èπ‡¡◊ÕßÕÕ ‡µ√‡≈’¬

aboutadv 1. approximately ª√–¡“≥prep 2. concerning ‡°’ˬ«°—∫

aboveprep 1. over ‡Àπ◊Õphrase 2. the example above µ—«Õ¬Ë“ߢȓß∫πadj absent ‰¡ËÕ¬ËŸËŸË ¢“¥adv absolutely ·πËπÕ𠇥Á¥¢“¥n accent  ”‡π’¬ß ‡ ’¬ßÀπ—° v accept ¬Õ¡√—∫adj acceptable ¬Õ¡√—∫‰¥Èn accident Õÿ∫—µ‘‡Àµÿadj accidental ‚¥¬Õÿ∫—µ‘‡Àµÿv accompany ‡ªÁπ‡æ◊ËÕπ¡“À√◊Õ‰ª°—∫n account ∫—≠™’’ ‡√◊ËÕß√“«v ache ª«¥v achieve ∑”„ÀÈ ”‡√Á® ∫√√≈ÿº≈n achievement §«“¡ ”‡√Á®prep across ¢È“¡v act ªØ‘∫—µ‘n activity 惵‘‘°√√¡ °“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘ °‘®°√√¡n actor ¥“√“ π—°· ¥ßv add ∫«° ‡æ‘Ë¡n addition °“√∫«° °“√‡æ‘Ë¡n address ∑’Ëլ˟Ën adjective §ÿ≥»—æ∑Ï

admitv 1. tell the truth about ¬Õ¡√—∫v 2. allow to enter Õπÿ≠“µ„Àȇ¢È“v adopt (take on) π”¡“„™È √—∫‡≈’ȬߥŸn adult ºŸÈ„À≠ËËn advantage º≈ª√–‚¬™πÏ §«“¡‰¥È‡ª√’¬∫n adventure °“√º®≠¿—¬n adverb °√‘¬“«‘‡»…≥Ïn advice §”·π–π”n aerobics °“√ÕÕ°°”≈—ß°“¬¥È«¬«‘∏’·Õ‚√∫‘§ Ïn aeroplane ‡§√◊ËÕß∫‘πv afford ¡’°”≈—߇ߑπæÕ  “¡“√∂√—∫‰¥Èadj afraid °≈—«prep after À≈—ßn afternoon µÕπ∫Ë“¬adv afterwards ¿“¬À≈—ß

1

again – argue

adv again (one more time) Õ’° „À¡Ë Õ’°§√—Èßagainst

prep 1. next to ‡§’¬ß¢È“ß µ‘¥°—∫prep 2. anti µËյȓπn age Õ“¬ÿÿadv ago ·µË°ËÕπ·≈È«v agree ‡ÀÁπ¥È«¬ µ°≈ß

aidn 1. help §«“¡™Ë«¬‡À≈◊Õv 2. help ™Ë«¬‡À≈◊Õv aim (try) ¡ÿËß ‡≈Áßn air Õ“°“»n airport ∑Ë“Õ“°“»¬“πadj all (every) ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥v allow ¬Õ¡„ÀÈadv alone ‡¥’ˬ« ‚¥¬≈”æ—ßadv aloud ¥—ßn alphabet µ—«Õ—°…√adv already ·≈È«adv also (too) ¥È«¬ ‡™Ëπ‡¥’Ë¬«°—πconj although ∂÷ß·¡È«Ë“adv altogether æ√ÈÕ¡°—π∑—ÈßÀ¡¥adv always ‡ ¡Õ µ≈Õ¥‰ªprt v am *see be n ambulance √∂欓∫“≈n amount ®”π«πn amphibian  —µ«ÏÀ√◊Õæ◊™ –‡∑‘ππ”È –‡∑‘π∫°v analyse (study) «‘‡§√“–ÀÏconj and ·≈–n angle (mathematical usage) ¡ÿ¡adj angry ‚¡‚À ‚°√∏n animal  —µ«Ïn ankle ¢ÈÕ‡∑È“adj annual µËÕª’’ ª√–®”ª’’

answern 1. reply §”µÕ∫v 2. reply µÕ∫adj any Õ—π„¥Õ—πÀπ÷Ëßadv anymore ‰¡ËÕ’°µËÕ‰ªpron anyone „§√°Áµ“¡pron anything Õ–‰√°Áµ“¡adv apart (separate) ®“°°—π µË“ßÀ“°n apology °“√¢ÕÕ¿—¬v appear (come into view) ª√“°Øn apple ≈Ÿ°·Õª‡ª‘‘≈n appointment °“√π—¥À¡“¬prt v are *see be n area ∫√‘‡«≥v argue ‚µÈ‡∂’¬ß ‚µÈ·¬Èß Õ¿‘ª√“¬

2

argument – autumn

n argument °“√‚µÈ‡∂’¬ßv arise µË◊Ëπ ‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ ≈ÿ°¢÷Èπn arm (part of body) ·¢π n army °Õß∑—æ∫°prep around √Õ∫Ê Õ¬ŸËŸËËËË√Õ∫Ê

arrangev 1. put in order ®—¥„Àȇ√’¬∫√ÈÕ¬v 2. make plans «“ß·ºπv arrest (take into custody) ®—∫°ÿ¡v arrive ¡“∂÷ßn arrow ≈Ÿ°»√ ≈Ÿ°∏πŸŸ n art »‘≈ªn artist »‘≈ª‘π ®‘µ√°√adv as (to such a degree) ∂÷ß°—∫ „π∞“π–∑’Ën ash ¢’ȇ∂È“adj ashamed Õ—∫Õ“¬v ask ∂“¡v assemble √«¡æ≈ √«¡°≈ÿË¡ ™ÿ¡πÿ¡n assembly °“√™ÿ¡πÿ¡ n assignment (for school) °“√∫È“π ß“π∑’ˉ¥È√—∫¡Õ∫À¡“¬v assist ™Ë«¬‡À≈◊Õn assistant ºŸÈ™Ë«¬prep at ≥ ∑’ËËpt v ate *see eat n athletics °“√°’Óphrase athletics carnival ß“π°√’±“ ß“π°’Ó °“√·¢Ëߢ—π°’Ó À√◊Õ °√’±“n atom ª√¡“≥Ÿ v attach ºŸ° µËÕ ¡—¥ ª‘¥ µ‘¥

attackn 1. fight °“√‚®¡µ’v 2. fight ‚®¡µ’

attemptn 1. try §«“¡æ¬“¬“¡v 2. try 欓¬“¡v attend ‡¢È“√Ë«¡ n attendance °“√‡¢È“√Ë«¡ °“√‡¢È“ª√–™ÿ¡ n attention §«“¡µ—Èß„®v attract ¥÷ߥŸŸ¥adj attractive πË“ π„® ¡’‡ πËÀÏ n aunt ªÈ“ πÈ“À√◊ÕÕ“ºŸÈÀ≠‘ßabbrev Aussie *see Australiann Australia ª√–‡∑»ÕÕ ‡µ√‡≈’¬adj Australian ™“«ÕÕ ‡µ√‡≈’¬π ‡°’ˬ«°—∫ÕÕ ‡µ√‡≈’¬n Australian flag ∏ß™“µ‘ÕÕ ‡µ√‡≈’¬n Australiana  ‘Ëß∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫ÕÕ ‡µ√‡≈’¬n author ºŸÈª√–æ—π∏Ï π—°‡¢’¬πn autumn ƒ¥Ÿ„∫„¡È√Ë«ß

3

average – basketball

averagen 1. arithmetical mean §Ë“‡©≈’ˬadj 2. ordinary ª°µ‘∏√√¡¥“v avoid À≈’°‡≈’ˬßadj awake µ◊Ëπadv away ®“°‰ª ÕÕ°‰ªprep away from ‰ª®“°adj awful ‡≈« πË“™—ßpt v awoke *see awaken axe ¢«“π

Bn baby ∑“√° ‡¥Á°

backn 1. body part À≈—ß adv 2. opposite front ¥È“πÀ≈—ßphrase 3. give it back „Àȧ◊πn backbone °√–¥Ÿ° —πÀ≈—ßn background ¿Ÿ¡‘À≈—ß ‡∫◊ÈÕßÀ≈—ßn backpack ‡ªÈ –擬À≈—ßn backyard  π“¡À≈—ß∫È“πadj bad ‡≈« ·¬Ë √È“¬n badminton °’Ó·∫¥¡‘πµ—πn bag °√–‡ªÎÎΓ ∂ÿßv bake Õ∫v balance ∑”„ÀÈ ¡¥ÿ≈¬Ïn balcony √–‡∫’¬ß ‡©≈’¬ßadj bald ≈È“π ‚≈Èπ ‡∂‘°

balln 1. toy ≈Ÿ°∫Õ≈colloq phr 2. have a ball (good time)  πÿ° π“πլ˓߇µÁ¡∑’Ë n balloon ≈Ÿ°‚ªËß n banana °≈È«¬n band (music group) «ß¥πµ√’ n bangle °”‰≈¡◊Õ n bank ∏𓧓√

barn 1. place to drink ∫“√Ï¢“¬‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡v 2. stop from something ¢«“ß°—Èπn 3. metal rod √“«‡À≈Á°n barbecue ‡µ“ª‘Èß abbrev barbie *see barbecueadj bare ‚≈Ëß ‡ª≈◊Õ¬ «Ë“߇ª≈Ë“n barrier  ‘Ëߢ«“ß°—Èπn base (bottom) æ◊Èπ∞“πn basin (wash) ÕË“ß ÕË“ßπÈ” ÕË“ß≈È“ßÀπÈ“ n basket °√–‡™È“ µ–°√È“ ‡¢Ëß n basketball °’Ó∫“ ‡°Áµ∫Õ≈

4

basketball court – bid

n basketball court  π“¡∫“ ‡°Áµ∫Õ≈bat

n 1. sporting equipment ‰¡Èµ’≈Ÿ°∫Õ≈n 2. animal §È“ߧ“«n bath °“√Õ“∫πÈ”n bathroom ÀÈÕßÕ“∫πÈ”n battle °“√ ŸÈ√∫ °“√∑” ß§√“¡ n bay (inlet) ÕË“«abbrev BBQ *see barbecuev be §◊Õ ‡ªÁπn beach À“¥∑√“¬n beach towel ºÈ“‡™Á¥µ—«™“¬À“¥n beach umbrella √Ë¡™“¬À“¥n beak ª“°π° ª“°°“πÈ”™“

beam n 1. ray of light · ß‰øn 2. wooden plank §“π‰¡È ‰¡È°√–¥“πn bean ∂—Ë«n beard ‡§√“

beatv 1. win ™π– v 2. hit µ’ n 3. rhythm ®—ßÀ«– adj beautiful  «¬pt v became *see becomeconj because ‡æ√“–«Ë“ v become °≈“¬‡ªÁπ n bed ‡µ’¬ß n bedroom ÀÈÕßπÕπ n bee º÷Èß n beef ‡π◊ÈÕ«—« pt v began *see beginv begin ‡√‘Ë¡µÈπ n beginner ºŸÈ‡√‘Ë¡‡√’¬πv behave ª√–惵‘µ—«n behaviour §«“¡ª√–惵‘‘prep behind ¢È“ßÀ≈—ßn bell °√–¥‘Ëß √–¶—ßv belong ‡ªÁπ¢Õßn belt ‡¢Á¡¢—¥n bench ¡È“π—Ëß v bend ßÕpt v bent *see bendadj best ¥’∑’Ë ÿ¥v bet æπ—π adj better ¥’°«Ë“prep between √–À«Ë“ßn bicycle ®—°√¬“πv bid ª√–°«¥√“§“ ª√–¡Ÿ≈

5

big – boat

adj big „À≠ËË abbrev bike *see bicycle

billn 1. money ∏π∫—µ√n 2. account ∫—≠™’’ ∫‘≈n 3. of a bird ª“°π°n bird π°

birthn 1. act of being born °“√‡°‘¥phrase 2. date of birth «—π‡¥◊Õπª’’’’‡°‘¥n birthday «—π‡°‘¥n biscuit ¢π¡ª—ß°√Õ∫

bitn 1. small piece ™‘Èπ‡≈Á°Êphrase 2. a little bit ‡≈Á°πÈÕ¬pt v 3. *see bitev bite °—¥adj black (colour)  ’¥”n blackboard °√–¥“π¥”n blade „∫¡’¥

blamen 1. censure °“√‚∑… °“√µ”Àπ‘ °“√ª√–π“¡ v 2. lay responsibility with °≈Ë“«‚∑… ‚∑… adj blank «Ë“߇ª≈Ë“n blanket ºÈ“ÀË¡v bleed ‡≈◊Õ¥ÕÕ°pt v blew *see blow

blindadj 1. unable to see µ“∫Õ¥n 2. window covering ¡Ë“πÀπÈ“µË“ßn blindness µ“∫Õ¥

blockn 1. child's toy ·∑Ëπ‰¡È ’ˇÀ≈’ˬ¡‡≈Á°Ê v 2. stop from doing something ¢«“ß°—Èπphrase 3. a block away (Õ’°™—Ë«)™Ë«ßµ÷°Àπ÷Ëß phrase 4. block of flats Õ“§“√∑’Ë¡’∫È“πÀÈÕß™ÿ¥Õ¬ŸËÀ≈“¬ÊÀÈÕßadj blond º¡ ’’∑Õß ™πº‘«¢“«∑’Ë¡’º¡ ’∑Õß·≈–µ“ ’πÈ”‡ß‘πn blood ‡≈◊Õ¥adj bloody ‡ª◊ÈÕπ‡≈◊Õ¥ §” ∫°∑’Ë·ª≈«Ë“√–¬”Õ—ª√’¬Ï

blown 1. hit µ’’v 2. pertaining to wind æ—¥phr v 3. blow up √–‡∫‘¥

blueadj 1. colour  ’øÈ“colloq 2. sad ‡»√È“‚»°√–∑¡n board (stiff material) ·ºËπ‰¡È°√–¥“πn board game ‡°¡∫π°√–¥“πn boat ‡√◊Õ

6

body – break

n body √Ë“ß°“¬v boil ‡¥◊Õ¥

boldadj 1. as typeface µ—«Õ—°…√Àπ“adj 2. daring °≈È“À“≠ „®°≈È“n bomb ≈Ÿ°√–‡∫‘¥n bone °√–¥Ÿ°n book Àπ—ß ◊Õn bookshelf À‘ÈßÀπ—ß ◊Õn boomerang ∫Ÿ‡¡Õ·√ß

bootn 1. of car ∑’ˇ°Á∫¢Õß∑È“¬√∂n 2. footwear √Õ߇∑È“∫ŸÍµ

bordern 1. as of country, state æ√¡·¥πn 2. edge ¢Õ∫ √‘¡adj bored ‡∫◊ËÕÀπË“¬ adj boring πË“‡∫◊ËÕÀπË“¬v borrow ¢Õ¬◊¡

bossn 1. person in charge π“¬®È“ß À—«ÀπÈ“v 2. tell what to do ∫ß°“√  —Ëßß“πadj both ∑—ÈߧŸËŸËËË v bother √∫°«πn bottle ¢«¥

bottomn 1. body part °Èπ n 2. lower edge ¢Õ∫≈Ë“ß pt v bought *see buyv bounce °√–‡¥Èß°≈—∫n bowl ™“¡n box °≈ËÕßn boy ‡¥Á°ºŸÈ™“¬abbrev bra *see brassieren brain  ¡Õß

branchn 1. of tree °‘Ëß°È“πv 2. separate ·¬° “¢“n brassiere ¬°∑√ß µ√’ adj brave °≈È“À“≠ adv bravely լ˓߰≈È“À“≠n bread ¢π¡ª—ß n breadth §«“¡°«È“ß

breakn 1. pause À¬ÿ¥æ—°™—Ë«§√“«v 2. opposite of fix æ—ß ∑”·µ° ∑”‡ ’¬phr v 3. break down (as in car) ‡ ’¬phr v 4. break down (as health) √–ß—∫Õ“√¡≥Ïω¡ËÕ¬ŸË ≈È¡‡®Á∫

7

breakfast – bus stop

phr v 5. break in (as housebreak) ‚¢¡¬¢÷Èπ∫È“πphr v 6. break up (for holidays) À¬ÿ¥æ—°√ÈÕ𠪑¥‡∑Õ¡n breakfast Õ“À“√‡™È“n breath ≈¡À“¬„®v breathe À“¬„®v breed ·æ√ËËæ—π∏ÿÏ n brick Õ‘∞n bridge  –æ“π

brightadj 1. shiny  ÿ°„   ËÕß «Ë“ßadj 2. clever ©≈“¥v brighten ∑”„ÀÈ «Ë“ߢ÷Èπadj brilliant ‡ª√◊ËÕߪ√“¥ ¬Õ¡‡¬’ˬ¡  ÿ°„ v bring π”¡“„ÀÈ adj broad °«È“ßn broccoli º—°∫√Á§§Õ≈’Ë pt v broke *see breakcolloq broke (penniless)  ‘Èπ‡π◊ÈÕª√–¥“µ—« phrase broken arm ·¢πÀ—°n brother æ’Ë™“¬À√◊ÕπÈÕß™“¬pt v brought *see bringn brush ·ª√ßn bucket ∂—ßπÈ” ∂—ßÀ‘È«v build  √È“ßpt v built *see buildn bulb (electric light) À≈Õ¥‰øn bullet °√– ÿπª◊π

bullyn 1. person who harasses others π—°‡≈ß Õ—π∏æ“≈v 2. harass √—ß·° √—ߧ«“≠

bunchn 1. group °≈ÿË¡phrase 2. bunch of flowers ™ËÕ¥Õ°

burnn 1. injury caused by fire ∫“¥‡®Á∫®“°‰ø‰À¡ÈÀ√◊Õ≈«°v 2. be on fire µ‘¥‰ø ≈ÿ°‰À¡È ‡º“v burst √–‡∫‘¥ ·µ° æ—ß∑≈“¬v bury Ω—ßn bus √∂‚¥¬ “√ª√–®”∑“ß

bushn 1. outback ªË“ ∫È“ππÕ°n 2. small tree æÿË¡‰¡È µÈπ‰¡È‡µ’Ȭ

businessn 1. company ∏ÿ√°‘®∫√‘…—∑colloq phr 2. mind your own business լ˓¡“¬ÿË߇√◊ËÕߧπÕ◊Ëπn bus stop ∑’ˮե√∂‚¥¬ “√ª√–®”∑“ß

8

bust – cardboard

bustcolloq 1. break ·µ°ÕÕ° ∑”„ÀÈ√–‡∫‘¥n 2. female body part ∑√«ßÕ°¢ÕߺŸÈÀ≠‘ßadj busy ¬ÿËß «ËÿËπ ‰¡Ë«Ë“ß conj but ·µË«Ë“n butcher §π¢“¬‡π◊ÈÕn button °√–¥ÿ¡v buy ´◊ÈÕprep by ‚¥¬

Cn cabbage º—°°–À≈Ë”ª≈’ n cable  “¬‡§‡∫‘≈ ‚∑√‡≈¢n cafe √È“π°“·øn cage °√ß n cake ¢π¡‡§Á°v calculate §”π«≥n calculator ‡§√◊ËÕߧ‘¥‡≈¢n calendar ªØ‘∑‘π

callv 1. name ‡√’¬°™◊ËÕn 2. as for phone °“√查‚∑√»—æ∑Ï ®”π«π§√—Èß∑’Ë„™È‚∑√»—æ∑Ï phr v 3. call for µÈÕß°“√ ‡√’¬°À“ ‡√’¬°√ÈÕß phr v 4. call off ¬°‡≈‘° ‡≈‘°≈È¡ phr v 5. call out √ÈÕ߇√’¬°‡ ’¬ß¥—ß

calmadj 1. peaceful  ß∫ phr v 2. calm down  ß∫ µ‘≈ß pt v came *see comen camera °≈ÈÕß∂Ë“¬√ŸªÀ√◊Õ∂Ë“¬¿“æ¬πµÏ v camp µ—Èߧ˓¬

canv 1. able to  “¡“√∂n 2. steel container °√–ªÎÕßn candle ‡∑’¬π‰¢n canteen (tuck shop) ‚√ßÕ“À“√„π‚√߇√’¬π

capn 1. headwear À¡«°·°Íªn 2. top Ω“ª‘¥

capitaln 1. important location ‡¡◊ÕßÀ≈«ßphrase 2. capital letter µ—«Õ—°…√„À≠ËË n capsicum æ√‘°À¬«°Ω√—Ëß n capsule ·§æ´Ÿ≈ n captain °—ªµ—πn car √∂¬πµÏÏ n card π“¡∫—µ√ n cardboard °√–¥“…·¢Áß

9

care – chalk

v care  π„® ‡Õ“„®„ Ë adj careful √–¡—¥√–«—ßadv carefully լ˓ß√–¡—¥√–«—ß n carnival ‡∑»°“≈ πÿ° π“πn carrot º—°·§√ÁÕ∑

carryv 1. take ∂◊Õ À‘È«phr v 2. carry on (keep going) ∑”µËÕ‰ª

casen 1. bag °√–‡ªÎ“ °≈ËÕß ≈—ß À’∫phrase 2. just in case ‡º◊ËÕ«Ë“n cash ‡ß‘π ¥

cassettephrase 1. audio cassette °≈ËÕ߇∑ªÕ—¥‡ ’¬ßphrase 2. video cassette °≈ËÕ߇∑ª«’¥’‚Õ

castn 1. of a play ºŸÈ· ¥ßv 2. throw ‚¬π ¢«È“ß ‡À«’ˬßn castle ªÈÕ¡ ªÈÕ¡ª√“°“√ ª√“ “∑adj casual ‚¥¬∫—߇Ց≠ ‡ºÕ‘≠ ™—Ë«§√“« n cat ·¡«

catchphrase 1. catch a train ¢÷Èπ√∂‰øphrase 2. catch a cold µ‘¥‚√§colloq phr 3. catch on (understand) ‡¢È“„®phr v 4. catch up (reach) µ“¡∑—πpt v caught *see catch

causen 1. reason ‡Àµÿº≈v 2. make happen ∑”„Àȇ°‘¥¢÷Èπn cave Õÿ‚¡ß§Ï„µÈ¥‘π ∂È”abbrev CD *see compact discn ceiling ‡æ¥“π ΩÈ“n cell ‡´≈≈Ïn cent ‡ Á́πµÏÏadj central ‡°’ˬ«°—∫»Ÿπ¬Ï°≈“ß

central processing unitn 1. pertaining to computer ÀπË«¬§”π«≥ Ë«π°≈“ߢÕߧա摫‡µÕ√Ï abbrev 2. CPUn centre »Ÿπ¬Ï°≈“ßn century »µ«√√…n cereal ∏—≠≠æ◊™ ´’‡√’¬≈n ceremony æ‘∏’ æ‘∏’°“√adj certain ·πËË™—¥ ·πËπÕπ adv certainly լ˓߷πËπÕπn chain (jewellery)  “¬ √ÈÕ¬ n chair ‡°È“Õ’Èn chalk ™Õ≈ÏÏ°

10

chance – cigarette

n chance ‚Õ°“ change

n 1. money ‡ß‘π∑Õπv 2. alter ‡ª≈’ˬπphrase 3. change one's mind ‡ª≈’ˬπ„®phrase 4. change clothes ‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ ◊Èպȓadj changeable ‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈߉¥Èn change room ÀÈÕ߇ª≈’ˬπ‡ ◊Èպȓn channel ™ËÕßn chapter ∫∑n character (literary) µ—«· ¥ß„π‡√◊ËÕß

chargen 1. cost µÈπ∑ÿπv 2. as for battery ‡æ‘Ë¡‰ø„ÀÈ°—∫·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ëphr v 3. in charge ‡ªÁÁπºŸÈ§«∫§ÿ¡¥Ÿ·≈v chase ‰≈˵“¡adj cheap ∂Ÿ°v cheat ‚°ßv check µ√«®n cheek (body part) ·°È¡colloq cheeky (naughty) ∑–‡≈Èπ

cheerv 1. make happy ª≈Õ∫ª√–‚≈¡ n 2. sound expressing enthusiasm ª≈ÿ°„® ‡ ’¬ß‚ÀË√ÈÕß n chemist ‡¿ —™°√n cheque ‡™Á§n cherry º≈‡™Õ√’Ë n chess À¡“°√ÿ°n chest À’∫ ≈—ß ÀπÈ“Õ°n chewing gum À¡“°Ω√—Ëß

chickenn 1. animal ‰°Ë colloq 2. not brave §π¢’È¢≈“¥ §πÕËÕπ·Õn child ‡¥Á°adj childish ‡À¡◊Õπ‡¥Á° ‰¡Ëª√– “ n chin §“ß

chipsn 1. hot variety ¡—πΩ√—ËßÀ—ËËπ™‘Èπ‡≈Á°Ê∑Õ¥√ÈÕπÊn 2. cold crisps ¡—πΩ√—ËßÀ—Ëπ™‘Èπ∫“ßÊ ∑Õ¥°√Õ∫n chocolate ™ÁÕ°‚°‡≈µn choir «ßª√– “π‡ ’¬ßv choose ‡≈◊Õ° √√

chopn 1. meat cut ‡π◊ÈÕ·°– ‡Àπ◊ÈÕÀ¡Ÿµ‘¥°√–¥Ÿ° v 2. cut µ—¥ ºË“ ø—π À—Ëπ pt v chose *see choosen church ‚∫ ∂Ï n cigarette ∫ÿÀ√’ËË

11

cinema – coin

n cinema ‚√ß¿“æ¬πµÏÏ n circle «ß°≈¡adj circular °≈¡n circumference ‡ Èπ√Õ∫«ßn city π§√

claimn 1. assertion °“√ÕÈ“ß °“√∂◊Õ ‘∑∏‘v 2. assert ÕÈ“ß ‘∑∏‘ ¬◊π¬—π

clapn 1. loud noise ‡ ’¬ß¥—߇ª√’È¬ß v 2. show appreciation ª√∫¡◊Õn class (group of students) ÀÈÕ߇√’¬π ™—Èπ‡√’¬πn classmate ‡æ◊ËÕπ√Ë«¡™—Èπn classroom ÀÈÕ߇√’¬π ™—Èπ‡√’¬πphrase classroom block Õ“§“√ÀÈÕ߇√’¬π n claw ÕÿÈ߇≈Á∫n clay ¥‘π‡À𒬫

cleanv 1. remove dirt ∑”§«“¡ –Õ“¥adj 2. opposite dirty  –Õ“¥adj clear „ adj clever ©≈“¥ ‡°Ëßn cliff ÀπÈ“º“v climb ª’π ªË“¬ ‰µËv cling ‡°“–µ‘¥ ¬÷¥n clock π“Ñ°“

closev 1. shut ª‘¥adj 2. near „°≈È°—∫adj closed ª‘¥n cloth ºÈ“n clothes ‡ ◊Èպȓn clothes line √“«µ“°ºÈ“n clothing ‡ ’◊Èպȓn cloud ‡¡¶adj cloudy §√÷È¡øÈ“§√◊È¡Ωπ

clubn 1. group of people °≈ÿË¡ ™¡√¡  ‚¡ √n 2. implement °√–∫Õß ‰¡Èµ’°Õ≈Ïø n clue ‡ß◊ËÕπß” √ËÕß√Õ¬n coal ∂Ë“πÀ‘πn coast Ω—Ëß∑–‡≈adj coastal µ“¡™“¬Ω—Ëß∑–‡≈n coat ‡ ◊ÈÕπÕ° ‡ ◊ÈÕ§≈ÿ¡ n cockatoo π°°√–µ—È«n coconut ¡–æ√È“«n coffee °“·øn coin ‡À√’¬≠°…“ª≥Ï

12

cold – concern

coldn 1. illness À«—¥adj 2. opposite hot ‡¬Áπ Àπ“«adj cold-blooded լ˓߇≈◊Õ¥‡¬Áπn collar §Õ‡ ◊ÈÕv collect  – ¡ √«∫√«¡n collection °“√ – ¡ ¢Õß∑’Ë – ¡n college «‘∑¬“≈—¬

colourn 1. hue  ’ v 2. make colourful √–∫“¬ ’adj colourful  ’ √√§Ïߥߓ¡

combn 1. hair accessory À«’’ v 2. do one’s hair À«’º¡

comev 1. move towards ¡“phr v 2. come from ¡“®“°phr v 3. come out (as in sun) ÕÕ°¡“colloq phr 4. Come on! (Let’s go.) ‰ª°—π‡∂Õ–πË–adj comfortable  ∫“¬n comic Àπ—ß ◊Õ°“√ϵŸπn comic strip ¿“æ°“√ϵŸπ∑’˵ËÕ‡π◊ËÕß°—πv command ÕÕ°§” —Ëßadj common ∏√√¡¥“ √Ë«¡°—π  “¡—≠n commonsense  “¡—≠ ”π÷° n communication §¡π“§¡ °“√ ◊ËÕ “√n community ™ÿ¡™πn compact disc §Õ¡·æÁ°¥‘ §Ï (®“π∫—π∑÷°Õ—¥·πËπ) n company (business) ∫√‘…—∑ v compare ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫n compass ‡¢Á¡∑‘»n compasses (geometry ®“π‡¢Á¡∑‘»

equipment)v compete ·¢Ëߢ—πn competition °“√·¢Ëߢ—πv complain √ÈÕ߇√’¬πn complaint °“√√ÈÕ߇√’¬π ¢ÈÕ√ÈÕ߇√’¬π

completev 1. finish ‡ √Á®adj 2. finished  ¡∫Ÿ√≥Ïv complicate ∑”„ÀÈ —∫ πadj complicated  —∫ πn complication §«“¡´—∫´ÈÕπn composer π—°·µË߇æ≈ßn composition °“√·µË߇æ≈ß ‡æ≈ß∑’Ë·µËß ‡√’’¬ß§«“¡n computer ‡§√◊ËÕߧա摫‡µÕ√Ï n concern §«“¡ÀË«ß„¬ ∏ÿ√°‘®

13

concerned – couple

adj concerned ´÷Ë߇ªÁπ∑’Ë’ËÀË«ß„¬ ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡°’ˬ«¢ÈÕß n concert °“√· ¥ß¥πµ√’§Õπ‡ ‘√Ï∑n condition  ¿“æn cone (geometrical shape) √Ÿª∑√ß°√«¬v confuse  —∫ πv congratulate ¢Õ· ¥ß§«“¡¬‘π¥’ v connect ‡™◊ËÕ¡°—∫ ‡°’ˬ«¢ÈÕß°—∫n connection °“√µ‘¥µËÕ §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏Ïadj conscious ¡’ µ‘ ¡’®‘µ ”π÷°v consider æ‘®“√≥“phr v consist of ª√–°Õ∫¥È«¬n consonant 欗≠™π–v contain ∫√√®ÿ n container ¿“™π–n contents (as of a book)  “√∫“≠v continue µËÕ

contrastn 1. difference §«“¡·µ°µË“ßv 2. find differences À“§«“¡·µ°µË“ßv control §«∫§ÿ¡n conversation °“√ π∑π“

convictn 1. person convicted of a crime π—°‚∑…v 2. find guilty of a crime µ—¥ ‘π«Ë“‰¥È°√–∑”º‘¥v cook ∑”Õ“À“√

cooladj 1. opposite warm ‡¬Áπcolloq 2. trendy ∑—π ¡—¬

copyn 1. imitation  ”‡π“v 2. imitate ‡≈’¬π·∫∫ ∂Ë“¬ ”‡π“n corner ¡ÿ¡

correctv 1. make right ∑”„ÀÈ∂Ÿ°µÈÕßadj 2. right ∂Ÿ°µÈÕßn corridor √–‡∫’¬ß ‡©≈’¬ßv cost µÈπ∑ÿπn cotton ΩÈ“¬n cotton wool  ”≈’

coughn 1. the act or sound of coughing °“√‰Õv 2. expel air from the lungs ‰Õn council  ¿“n counsellor ∑’˪√÷°…“

countryn 1. political division ª√–‡∑»n 2. opposite city ™π∫∑n couple §ŸË  Õß  “¡’¿√√¬“

14

courage – crush

n courage §«“¡°≈È“À“≠adj courageous °≈È“À“≠

coursen 1. set of lessons À≈—° Ÿµ√n 2. way to go «‘∂’∑“ßphrase 3. of course (naturally) ·πËπÕπn court (as tennis court)  π“¡n cousin ≈Ÿ°æ’Ë≈Ÿ°πÈÕß

covern 1. outside of a book ª°Àπ—ß ◊Õv 2. put cover on something ª‘¥ §≈ÿ¡ n coward §π¢’È¢≈“¥n crab ªŸŸ v crack ·µ°√È“«

craftn 1. vessel ‡√◊Õ n 2. handiwork °“√Ω’¡◊Õ °“√™Ë“ß

crashn 1. collision °“√™πª–∑–v 2. shatter ·µ°°√–®“¬adj crazy ®‘µø—Ëπ‡ø◊Õπn creature §π  —µ«Ï n creek ≈”§≈Õßv creep §≈“π ‡≈◊ÈÕ¬ ¬ËÕß n crescent (shape) √Ÿªæ√–®—π∑√ϧ√÷Ë߇ ’Ȭ«

cricketn 1. insect ®‘ÈßÀ√’¥n 2. sport °’Ó§√‘‘°‡°Áµ

criminaln 1. person who commits crime Õ“™≠“°√adj 2. against the law º‘¥°ØÀ¡“¬n crocodile ®√–‡¢Èadj crooked ‚§Èß ßÕ ‡Õ’¬ß ‡∫’Ȭ«n crops æ◊™º≈∑’ˇ°Á∫‡°’ˬ«‰¥È

crossn 1. a symbol of two √Ÿª°“°∫“∑

intersecting linesadj 2. angry ‚¡‚Àv 3. move from one side to another ¢¬—∫®“°¥È“πÀπ÷Ë߉ªÕ’°¥È“πÀπ÷Ëßphr v 4. cross out (delete) ¢’¥∑‘Èßn crossword ª√‘»π“Õ—°…√‰¢«È n crowd ΩŸß™π À¡ŸË§≥– °≈ÿË¡§π adj crowded ·ÕÕ—¥ ‡∫’¬¥‡ ’¬¥¬—¥‡¬’¬¥ adj cruel ∑“√ÿ≥‚À¥√È“¬

crushv 1. flatten ∑ÿ∫„ÀÈ·∫πcolloq 2. a liking for someone À≈߉À≈

15

cry – darkness

cryn 1. loud utterance ·º¥‡ ’¬ß√ÈÕßv 2. weep √ÈÕ߉ÀÈn cube ≈Ÿ°∫“»°Ï n cucumber ·µß°«“n cupboard µŸÈ‡°Á∫∂È«¬™“¡ µŸÈ‡°Á∫¢Õßv cure √—°…“„ÀÈÀ“¬ adj curious Õ¬“°√ŸÈÕ¬“°‡ÀÁπ

curln 1. ringlet of hair º¡À¬‘°ßÕv 2. form curls ¡È«πº¡n currency (money) ‡ß‘πµ√“

currentadj 1. topical ª—®®ÿ∫—πn 2. moving water °√–· πÈ”n curtain ºÈ“¡Ë“πn curve ‚§Èßn custom ª√–‡æ≥’ n customer ≈Ÿ°§È“v cut µ—¥adj cute πË“√—°

cyclev 1. ride ∂’∫®—°√¬“πn 2. circular event «ß®√n cylinder °√–∫Õ° Ÿ∫

Dabbrev dad *see fatherabbrev daddy *see fatheradj daily ª√–®”«—π

damagen 1. injury °“√∫“¥‡®Á∫v 2. cause injury ∑”„ÀÈ∫“¥‡®Á∫adj damp ‡ª’¬°™◊Èπn damper (type of bread) ¢π¡ª—ß™π‘¥Àπ÷Ëß

dancen 1. social gathering for dancing ß“π≈’≈“» ß“π‡µÈπ√”v 2. rhythmical movement ‡µÈπ√” ≈’≈“»n danger ¿¬—πµ√“¬adj dangerous Õ—πµ√“¬adj daring °≈È“ Õ“®À“≠

darkadj 1. opposite light ¡◊¥adj 2. opposite fair ¥”n darkness §«“¡¡◊¥

16

date – dependable

daten 1. calendar «—π‡¥◊Õπª’n 2. fruit Õ‘π∑º≈—¡n daughter ∫ÿµ√ “« ∏‘¥“n day «—π adj dead µ“¬adj deaf ÀŸÀπ«°

dealn 1. amount ®”π«π‡ß‘πv 2. give out ·®°n death °“√µ“¬ §«“¡µ“¬n debt Àπ’È ‘π

decayn 1. decomposition §«“¡‡πË“‡ª◊ËÕ¬v 2. rot ∫Ÿ¥‡πË“v deceive À≈Õ°≈«ßv decide µ—¥ ‘π„® ≈ß¡µ‘n decimal ∑»π‘¬¡n decision °“√µ—¥ ‘π„® °“√≈ß¡µ‘n deck (of house) ¥“¥øÈ“v declare ª√–°“»

decreasen 1. diminution °“√≈¥≈ßv 2. become smaller in number ≈¥≈ßadj deep ≈÷°

defeatn 1. loss §«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬ §«“¡æË“¬·æÈv 2. beat ∑”„Àȇ ’¬À“¬ ∑”„ÀÈæË“¬·æÈv define „Àȧ”®”°—¥§«“¡

degree n 1. of temperature Õß»“n 2. amount ª√‘¡“≥¡“°πÈÕ¬

delayn 1. hold up °“√À¬ÿ¥™–ß—°v 2. put off till later ∑”„ÀÈ≈Ë“™È“ ‡≈◊ËÕπ‡«≈“ÕÕ°‰ªabbrev deli *see delicatessenn delicatessen √È“πÕ“À“√ ”‡√Á®√Ÿªn delight §«“¡¬‘π¥’adj delightful ´÷’Ë߇ªÁπ∑’ˬ‘π¥’ v deliver  Ëß

demandn 1. urgent requirement °“√‡√’¬°√ÈÕß√’∫¥Ë«πv 2. ask for with authority ‡√’¬°√ÈÕßv demonstrate · ¥ß  “∏‘µn demonstration °“√· ¥ß °“√ “∏‘µn dentist ∑—πµ·æ∑¬Ïv depend ¢÷ÈπÕ¬ŸË°—∫ æ÷Ëßæ“Õ“»—¬adj dependable ‡™◊ËÕ∂◊Õ‰¥È æ÷Ëß擉¥È

17

dependant – discussion

adj dependant ºŸÈæ÷Ëßæ“ ºŸÈÕ“»—¬ n depth §«“¡≈÷°v descend ≈ß  ◊∫∑Õ¥v describe ∫√√¬“¬n description °“√∫√√¬“¬

desertn 1. hot, dry place ∑–‡≈∑√“¬v 2. leave ®“°‰ª ≈–∑‘Èß ∑Õ¥∑‘Èßv deserve  ¡§«√‰¥È

desiren 1. longing §«“¡Õ¬“°v 2. wish for À«—ß Õ¬“°n desk ‚µÍ– v destroy ∑”≈“¬n destruction §«“¡æ‘π“» °“√∑”≈“¬

detailn 1. minute part √“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥v 2. describe fully ∫√√¬“¬‚¥¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥n detective π—° ◊∫n detention (pertaining to °“√∂Ÿ°Õ¬ŸË‡¬Áπ∑’Ë‚√߇√’¬π

school)v dial À¡ÿπ‚∑√»—æ∑Ïn diameter ‡ ÈπºË“»Ÿπ¬Ï°≈“ß

diamondn 1. precious stone ‡æ™√adj 2. shape √Ÿª ’ˇÀ≈’ˬ¡¢π¡‡ª’¬°ªŸπn diary ∫—π∑÷°ª√–®”«—πn dictionary æ®π“πÿ°√¡pt v did *see don didgeridoo ¢≈ÿˬ¢Õß™“«Õ–∫Õ√‘®’π—≈v die µ“¬n diet °“√§«∫§ÿ¡Õ“À“√∑’Ë∫√‘‚¿§ Õ“À“√°“√°‘πadj different ·µ°µË“ß°—πadj difficult ¬“° ≈”∫“°v dig ¢ÿ¥n dingo À¡“¥‘ß‚°Èn dinner Õ“À“√‡¬Áπn dinosaur ‰¥‚π‡ “√Ï n direction ∑‘»∑“ßn dirt ¢’ÈΩÿËπ  ‘Ëß °ª√°adj dirty  °ª√°v disagree ‰¡Ë‡ÀÁπ¥È«¬n disagreement §«“¡‰¡Ë≈ß√Õ¬°—πn disc (round, flat object) ®“π°≈¡n disco ¥‘ ‚°Èv discover §Èπæ∫n discovery °“√§Èπæ∫v discuss Õ¿‘ª√“¬n discussion °“√Õ¿‘ª√“¬ °“√ª√÷°…“À“√◊Õ

18

disease – drop

n disease ‚√§n dish ®“πn dishwasher (appliance) ‡§√◊ËÕß≈È“ß®“πn disk (of computers) ¥‘ °Ï ®“π‡°Á∫¢ÈÕ¡Ÿ≈n disk drive ‡§√◊ËÕßÕË“π¢ÈÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°¥‘ °Ï v dislike ‰¡Ë™Õ∫ ‡°≈’¬¥v dismiss ‰≈ËÕÕ° ¬°‡≈‘° „Àȇ≈‘°·∂«n distance √–¬–∑“ßv disturb √∫°«πv dive ¥”πÈ”v divide À“π ·∫Ëß·¬°n division °“√À“π °“√·∫Ëß·¬° ·ºπ°v divorce À¬Ë“√È“ß

dov 1. perform °√–∑”phrase 2. What does she do? ‡¢“∑”ß“πÕ–‰√ ‡¢“¡’Õ“™’æÕ–‰√

(What's her job?)phrase 3. How do you do? (greeting) ¬‘π¥’∑’ˉ¥È√ŸÈ®—°°—π n doctor À¡Õ ·æ∑¬ÏÏ n document ‡Õ° “√n dog  ÿπ—¢n dollar ¥Õ≈≈Ë“√Ï ‡ß‘π‡À√’¬≠n door ª√–µŸv double  Õ߇∑Ë“ §ŸË

doubtn 1. uncertainty §«“¡‰¡Ë·πË„®v 2. hesitate to believe  ß —¬ v drag ≈“°n dragon ¡—ß°√pt v drank *see drinkv draw «“¥n drawer ≈‘Èπ™—°

dreamn 1. images during sleep §«“¡Ω—πv 2. imagine «“¥¿“æ„π„® §‘¥Ω—π ª√“√∂π“pt v dreamt *see dream

dressn 1. woman's clothing °√–‚ª√ß™ÿ¥¢Õß µ√’v 2. to put on clothing  «¡‡ ◊Èպȓ ·µËßµ—«pt v drew *see draw

drinkn 1. beverage ‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡v 2. swallow liquid ¥◊Ë¡v drive ¢—∫n driveway ∑“ß√∂‡¢È“∫È“π

dropn 1. small amount of water À¬¥πÈ”v 2. let fall ∑‘Èß≈ß À¬ËÕπ≈ß ª≈ËÕ¬„Àȵ°≈߉ª

19

drought – email

n drought °“√·≈ÈßΩπpt v drove *see drivev drown ®¡π”Èn drug ¬“n drum °≈Õßn drunk (person who drinks §π¢’ȇ¡“

too much alcohol)adj dry ·ÀÈßpt v dug *see digadj dumb ‡ªÁπ„∫È æŸ¥‰¡Ë‰¥È ‚ßË ∑÷Ë¡ prep during √–À«Ë“ß

dustn 1. dirt ¢’ÈΩÿËπv 2. clean of dirt ª—¥¢’ÈΩÿËπn duster ‰¡È¢π‰°Ë ”À√—∫ª—¥ΩÿËπn duty (something you must do) ÀπÈ“∑’Ë

En eagle π°Õ‘π∑√’ n ear ÀŸŸ adj early ·µË‡™È“ °ËÕπ°”Àπ¥v earn À“√“¬‰¥È ‰¥È°”‰√ n earring µË“ßÀŸŸ n earth ‚≈° n east µ–«—πÕÕ°adj easy ßË“¬v eat √—∫ª√–∑“π n echidna ‡¡Ëπ°‘π¡¥n edge ¢Õ∫v edit ‡√’¬∫‡√’¬ß ·°È‰¢n education °“√»÷°…“n effect º≈n effort §«“¡æ¬“¬“¡n egg ‰¢Ë adj either Õ—π„¥Õ—πÀπ÷Ëß n elastic ¬“߬◊¥ «—µ∂ÿ¬◊¥À¬ÿËπn elbow ¢ÈÕ»Õ°

elderadj 1. older than Õ“¬ÿ·°Ë°«Ë“n 2. older person ºŸÈ‡≤Ë“ ºŸÈ¡’Õ“«ÿ‚ n election °“√‡≈◊Õ°µ—Èß ∑“߇≈◊Õ°n electrician ™Ë“߉øøÈ“n electricity ‰øøÈ“

emailn 1. Internet letter ®¥À¡“¬∫πÕ‘π‡µÕ√χπÁµv 2. send an Internet letter  Ëß®¥À¡“¬ºË“π∑“ßÕ‘π‡µÕ√χπÁµ

20

embarrass – excellent

v embarrass ∑”„Àȇ°ÈÕ‡¢‘π ∑”„ÀÈÕ÷¥Õ—¥„®adj embarrassed ‡¢‘π Õ÷¥Õ—¥n emergency ¿“«–©ÿ°‡©‘πn emigrant ºŸÈÕæ¬æ‰ªÕ¬ŸËµË“ߪ√–‡∑»n emotion Õ“√¡≥ÏÏ v employ «Ë“®ËÈ“ßn employee ≈Ÿ°®È“ßn employer π“¬®È“ßn employment °“√«Ë“®È“ßadj empty «Ë“߇ª≈Ë“n emu π°Õ’‘¡Ÿv encourage „ÀÈ°”≈—ß„®

endn 1. termination °“√ ‘Èπ ÿ¥ Õ« “πµÏv 2. finish ∑”„Àȇ √Á® ¬ÿµ‘n enemy »—µ√Ÿ

engagedadj 1. busy ‰¡Ë«Ë“ßadj 2. soon to be married À¡—Èπn engine ‡§√◊ËÕ߬πµÏ v enjoy  πÿ° æÕ„® adj enormous ¡À÷¡“adj enough ‡æ’¬ßæÕ v enquire  Õ∫∂“¡v enter ‡¢È“v entertain ‡≈’Ȭß√—∫√Õß ∑”„Àȇæ≈‘¥‡æ≈‘πn entertainment °“√„Àȧ«“¡ πÿ°‡æ≈‘¥‡æ≈‘π  —π∑π“°“√n entrance ª√–µŸ∑“߇¢È“n entry °“√‡¢È“ ∑“߇¢È“n envelope ´Õß®¥À¡“¬n environment  ‘Ëß·«¥≈ÈÕ¡adj equal ‡∑Ë“°—∫n equator ‡ Èπ»Ÿπ¬Ï Ÿµ√ n equipment Õÿª°√≥χ§√◊ËÕß®—°√

escapen 1. an act of escaping °“√À≈∫Àπ’ v 2. get away Àπ’ À≈∫Àπ’ adv even (divisible by two) ‡≈¢§ŸËŸË n evening µÕπ‡¬Áπ µÕπ§Ë” n event ‡Àµÿ°“√≥ÏÏ adj every ∑ÿ°Ê abbrev exam *see examinationn examination °“√ Õ∫

examplen 1. illustration °“√¬°µ—«Õ¬Ë“ßabbrev 2. e.g.adj excellent ¥’‡¥Ëπ ¬Õ¥‡¬’ˬ¡ ¥’‡≈‘»

21

exchange – factory

exchangen 1. act of exchanging °“√·≈°‡ª≈’ˬπv 2. give up for an equivalent ·≈°‡ª≈’ˬπ ‘Ëß∑’Ë¡’§Ë“‡∑Ë“°—πv excite ∑”„Àȵ◊Ëπ‡µÈπadj excited µ◊Ëπ‡µÈπn excitement §«“¡µ◊Ëπ‡µÈπ adj exciting πË“µ◊Ëπ‡µÈπn excursion °“√∑—»π“®√

excusen 1. justification °“√·°Èµ—« ¢ÈÕ·°Èµ—«v 2. pardon ¢ÕÕ¿—¬int 3. Excuse me! ¢Õ‚∑…

exercisen 1. physical work °“√ÕÕ°°”≈—ß°“¬n 2. class work ß“π„π™—Èπn 3. exercise book  ¡ÿ¥·∫∫Ω÷°À—¥

exitn 1. way out ∑“ßÕÕ°v 2. go out ÕÕ°‰ª¢È“ßπÕ°v expect §“¥À¡“¬ À«—ßadj expensive ·æß

experiencen 1. thing undergone ª√– ∫°“√≥Ï v 2. undergo ª√– ∫

experimentn 1. science trial °“√∑¥≈Õß«‘∑¬“»“ µ√ÏÏ v 2. try something ≈ÕߥŸv explain Õ∏‘∫“¬n explanation °“√Õ∏‘∫“¬ §”Õ∏‘∫“¬v explode √–‡∫‘¥ v explore  ”√«®

expressadj 1. fast ‡√Á« √’∫ ¥Ë«πv 2. say · ¥ßÕÕ°¥È«¬§”查

expressionn 1. on face  ’ÀπÈ“n 2. in words  ”π«π §”æ—߇æ¬adj extra 摇»…n eye µ“n eyebrow §‘È«

Fface

n 1. part of body „∫ÀπÈ“ phrase 2. face the front À—π‰ª¥È“πÀπÈ“colloq phr 3. Face it! (believe it) ¬Õ¡√—∫§«“¡®√‘߇ ’¬‡∂Õ– ‡™◊ËÕ‡∂Õ–n fact §«“¡®√‘ß ¢ÈÕ‡∑Á®®√‘ßn factory ‚√ßß“π

22

fade – fence

v fade ´’¥ ®“ßv fail ≈È¡‡À≈«

faintadj 1. not dark  ≈—«Êv 2. become unconscious  ≈∫ ‡ªÁπ≈¡

fairadj 1. just ¬ÿµ‘∏√√¡adj 2. light ¢“« adv fairly (quite) ∑’‡¥’¬«n fairy π“ßøÈ“v fall µ° À≈Ëπadj false ª≈Õ¡ ‰¡Ë®√‘ßadj familiar §ÿÈπ‡§¬ ™‘π

familyn 1. kin ‡§√◊Õ≠“µ‘‘ n 2. family tree «ß»Ïµ√–°Ÿ≈adj famous ¥—ß ¡’™◊ËÕ‡ ’¬ß

fann 1. great admirer ºŸÈπ‘¬¡™¡™Õ∫n 2. equipment to blow air æ—¥ æ—¥≈¡adj far ‰°≈n fare (cost for trip) §Ë“‚¥¬ “√n farm ‰√Ë  «π ∑ÈÕßπ“n fashion ·∫∫ ¡—¬π‘¬¡adj fashionable ∑—π ¡—¬

fastadv 1. quick √«¥‡√Á«adv 2. forward in time (π“Ñ°“)‡¥‘π‡√Á«‰ªv 3. go without food Õ¥Õ“À“√v fasten ºŸ° √—¥ ¡—¥adj fat ÕÈ«πn father ∫‘¥“n fault ¢ÈÕ∫°æ√ËÕß §«“¡º‘¥æ≈“¥n favour §«“¡ ß‡§√“–ÀÏ ∫ÿ≠§ÿ≥ πÈ”„®adj favourite ‚ª√¥n fax ‚∑√ “√

fearn 1. feeling of impending danger §«“¡°≈—« §«“¡À«“¥«‘µ°v 2. be afraid °≈—«n feather ¢ππ°v feed ªÈÕπÕ“À“√ „ÀÈÕ“À“√ ‡≈’ȬßÕ“À“√

feelv 1. as emotion √ŸÈ ÷°v 2. touch  —¡º— pt v fell *see fallpt v felt *see feeladj female (of gender) ‡æ»À≠‘ßn fence √—È«

23

ferry – flashing

n ferry ∑Ë“¢È“¡ø“° ‡√◊բȓ¡ø“°n festival ß“π‡∑»°“≈ n fever ‰¢Èadj few ®”π«ππÈÕ¬ ‰¡Ë¡“°

fieldn 1. where sport is played  π“¡°’Ón 2. open land ∑ÿËß°«È“ßadj fierce ¥ÿ√È“¬

fightn 1. battle °“√µËÕ ŸÈv 2. engage in battle µËÕ ŸÈ°—π

figuren 1. number µ—«‡≈¢n 2. person √Ÿª√Ë“ßphr v 3. figure out (understand) ‰µ√˵√Õß §‘¥¥Ÿv fill ‡µ‘¡n film ø‘≈Ï¡adj final  ÿ¥∑È“¬v find §ÈπÀ“ æ∫

fineadj 1. not raining Õ“°“»¥’adj 2. opposite thick ≈–‡Õ’¬¥adj 3. well (healthy)  ∫“¬¥’ n finger πÈ‘«¡◊Õ

finishn 1. end point µÕπ®∫v 2. end ∑”„ÀÈ ‘Èπ ÿ¥

firev 1. cease to employ ‰≈ËÕÕ°v 2. shoot ¬‘ߪ◊πn 3. something burning ‰ø‰À¡È Õ—§§’¿—¬n fireworks ¥Õ°‰¡È‰øadv first ∑’ËÀπ÷Ëß ‡ªÁπÕ—π¥—∫·√° n first aid °“√ª∞¡æ¬“∫“π

fishn 1. water creature ª≈“v 2. catch fish ®—∫ª≈“ µ°ª≈“n fishing rod §—π‡∫Á¥

fitadj 1. healthy  ÿ¢¿“æ ¡∫Ÿ√≥Ïn 2. size §«“¡æÕ‡À¡“–°—∫¢π“¥phrase 3. fit in with (match well) ‡¢È“°—π‰¥È v fix ·°È‰¢ ´ËÕ¡·´¡n flag ∏ßn flame ‡ª≈«‰øn flash (bright light) · ß‰ø«“∫ adj flashing «Ÿ∫«“∫

24

flat – form

flatn 1. dwelling ÀÈÕßæ—°·ø≈µadj 2. shape ·∫πn flavour √  °≈‘Ëπ pt v flew *see flyn flight °“√∫‘π ‡∑’ˬ«∫‘π °“√‡ºËπÀπ’v float ≈Õ¬n flood πÈ”∑Ë«¡

floorn 1. part of a room æ◊ÈπÀÈÕßn 2. level of a building ™—Èπ¢ÕßÕ“§“√n floppy disk ø≈ÁÕªª’È¥‘ °Ïv flow ‰À≈n flower ¥Õ°‰¡Èabbrev flu *see influenza

flyn 1. insect ·¡≈ß«—πv 2. move through the air ∫‘πn fog (weather condition) À¡Õ°adj foggy ‡µÁ¡‰ª¥È«¬À¡Õ°v fold æ—∫n folder ª° ”À√—∫ Õ¥‡°Á∫‡Õ° “√ ‡§√◊ËÕßæ—∫v follow µ‘¥µ“¡ µ“¡À≈—ßn font øÍÕπµÏµ—«Õ—°…√n food Õ“À“√n fool §π‚ßËËadj foolish ‚ßËËn foot ‡∑È“n football øÿµ∫Õ≈n footwear √Õ߇∑È“

forphrase 1. for us  ”À√—∫‡√“phrase 2. for NSW  ”À√—∫√—∞𑫇 “∑χ«≈ Ï phrase 3. for $5 ‡æ’¬ß ı ‡À√’¬≠

forcen 1. strength ·√ß °”≈—ßv 2. impose on ∫—ߧ—∫adj foreign (not native) µË“ߪ√–‡∑» µË“ß™“µ‘n foreigner ™“«µË“ߪ√–‡∑» §πµË“ß™“µ‘n forest ªË“pt v forgave *see forgivev forget ≈◊¡v forgive „ÀÈÕ¿—¬pt v forgot *see forgetn fork  ÈÕ¡

formn 1. paper you fill in ·∫∫øÕ√Ï¡v 2. make ®—¥„ÀȇªÁπ√Ÿª¢÷Èπ¡“ ∑”„ÀȇªÁπµ—«‡ªÁπµπ¢÷Èπ¡“

25

fortnight – funeral

n 3. shape √Ÿª√Ë“ßn fortnight  Õß —ª¥“ÀÏ √“¬ª—°…ÏÏ adj fortunate ‡§√“–ÀÏ¥’ adv fortunately ‚™§¬—ߥ’’∑’Ë

fortunen 1. large amount of money ∑√—æ¬Ï ‘π¡À“»“≈ n 2. luck ‚™° ‚™°™–µ“ pt v fought *see fightpt v found *see findn fountain πÈ”æÿ n fraction ‡»… Ë«π  Ë«ππÈÕ¬ ®”π«π‡≈Á°πÈÕ¬ n frame °√Õ∫√Ÿª

freeadj 1. costing nothing ‰¡ËµÈÕ߇ ’¬§Ë“„™È®Ë“¬adj 2. unoccupied «Ë“ßv 3. let go ª≈ËÕ¬„ÀȇªÁπÕ‘ √–Ï n freedom Õ‘ √– ‡ √’¿“æ v freeze ·™Ë·¢Áßn freezer (appliance) µŸÈ·™ËË·¢Áß adj frequent ∫ËÕ¬ ∂’Ë’Ë adj fresh  ¥abbrev fridge *see refrigeratorn friend ‡æ◊ËÕπadj friendly ‡ªÁπ°—π‡Õß ‡ªÁπ¡‘µ√n fright §«“¡°≈—«v frighten ∑”„ÀÈ°≈—« ¢Ë¡¢ŸË

fromphrase 1. from Sydney ®“° ‘́¥π’¬Ï phrase 2. from my grandmother ®“°¬Ë“À√◊Õ¬“¬¢Õß©—πphrase 3. from $10 µ—Èß·µËË ÒD ‡À√’¬≠¢÷Èπ‰ª

frontadj 1. opposite back ¥È“πÀπÈ“prep 2. in front of Õ¬ŸËËËÀπÈ“n front door ª√–µŸÀπÈ“n front steps ∫—π‰¥ÀπÈ“v frown ¢¡«¥§‘È«pt v froze *see freezen fruit º≈‰¡È

fulladj 1. opposite empty ‡µÁ¡adj 2. not hungry Õ‘Ë¡n full stop (punctuation mark) ®ÿ¥ ‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬®∫ª√–‚¬§

funn 1. mirthful amusement §«“¡ πÿ° π“πcolloq phr 2. make fun of (ridicule) À¬Õ°≈ÈÕ ≈ÈÕ‡≈’¬πn funeral ß“π»æ

26

funny – girl

funnyadj 1. humorous µ≈°adj 2. strange ·ª≈°n fur ¢π —µ«Ï n furniture ‡§√◊ËÕ߇√◊Õπadj further µËÕ‰ª ¢¬“¬ÕÕ°‰ªÕ’° ¬‘Ë߉ª°«Ë“π—Èπn future Õ𓧵

Gv gamble æπ—πn game °“√°’Ó °“√≈–‡≈Ëπn gaol *see jailn gap ™ËÕß«Ë“ßn garage (of house) ‚√ß√∂n garden  «πn garlic °√–‡∑’¬¡n gas ·°Í  n gate ª√–µŸ√—È«v gather √«∫√«¡ ®—¥‡°Á∫  – ¡ pt v gave *see give

gayadj 1. happy √◊Ëπ‡√‘ßadj 2. homosexual √—°√Ë«¡‡æ»‡¥’¬«°—πn gender ‡æ»

generaladj 1. usual ∑—Ë«‰ªn 2. rank in army π“¬æ≈‡Õ°adv generally ‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ªn generosity §«“¡„®°«È“ßadj generous „®°«È“ßadj gentle  ÿ¿“æ

getv 1. become °≈“¬‡ªÁπv 2. receive √—∫v 3. possess ‡ªÁπ‡®È“¢Õßv 4. arrive ¡“∂÷ßv 5. obtain ‰¥È√—∫phr v 6. get on with (like) ™Õ∫æÕ°—πphr v 7. get out (leave) ‰ª„ÀÈæÈπphr v 8. get together (meet) æ∫ª–phr v 9. get up (arise) µ◊ËππÕπphr v 10. get rid of (dispose of) ¢®—¥ ≈–∑‘Èß

giantn 1. huge mythical being ¬—°…Ïadj 2. very big „À≠Ë¡“°n gift ¢Õߢ«—≠n girl ‡¥Á° “«

27

give – grain

givev 1. hand to „ÀÈ  Ëß„ÀÈphr v 2. give in (hand in)  Ëß„ÀÈ ¬°„ÀÈ ¡Õ∫„ÀÈ  Ëß°“√∫È“πcolloq phr 3. give in (surrender) ¬Õ¡·æÈphr v 4. give out (distribute) ·®°®Ë“¬phr v 5. give up (surrender) ¬Õ¡·æÈphr v 6. give up (stop as for smoking) ‡≈‘°adj glad ¥’„®

glassn 1. window material °√–®°n 2. drinking vessel ·°È«πÈ”n glasses (for eyesight) ·«Ëπµ“n glove ∂ÿß¡◊Õ

gov 1. move ‰ª phrase 2. go by bus ‰ª¥È«¬√∂‚¥¬ “√ª√–®”∑“ßphrase 3. go out with ÕÕ°‰ª‡∑’ˬ«°—∫phr v 4. go wrong ∑”º‘¥æ≈“¥phr v 5. go on with (continue) ∑”µËÕ‰ª ∑”‰ª‡√◊ËÕ¬Ê phr v 6. go well ‰ª‰¥È¥’’ phr v 7. go over (check) µ√«®∑“πphr v 8. go through (check) µ√«®phr v 9. go after (chase) ‰≈ËËË˵“¡n god æ√–‡®È“n gold ∑Õßadj golden  ’∑Õß

goodadj 1. opposite bad ¥’ phrase 2. vegetables are good for you º—°¡’ª√–‚¬™πÏ ”À√—∫∑Ë“πcolloq phr 3. Good for you! ‡°Ëß®—ß ¥’„®¥È«¬

(congratulations)int 4. Good afternoon (greeting)  «— ¥’ (µÕπ∫Ë“¬)int 5. Goodbye ≈“°ËÕπint 6. Good day (greeting)  «— ¥’ int 7. Good morning (greeting) Õ√ÿ≥ «— ¥‘Ïint 8. Good night (farewell) √“µ√’ «— ¥‘Ï

goodnessn 1. virtue §«“¡¥’’ß“¡ int 2. My goodness! (expression ‚ÕÈ‚Œ

of surprise)n goods  ‘π§È“ «— ¥ÿ n gossip §”π‘π∑“pt v got *see getv govern ª°§√Õßn government √—∞∫“≈n governor ºŸÈ«Ë“√“™°“√ ºŸÈª°§√Õßv grab ©«¬§«È“adv gradually ∑’≈–πÈÕ¬ ‡ªÁπ≈”¥—∫n grain ‡¡≈Á¥¢È“« ‡¡≈Á¥æ◊™

28

grand – habit

adj grand „À≠Ë‚µ¡‚À≈“Ãn grandchild À≈“π (¢ÕߪŸË¬Ë“µ“¬“¬)n granddaughter À≈“π “« (¢ÕߪŸË¬Ë“µ“¬“¬)n grandfather ªŸË À√◊Õ µ“n grandmother ¬Ë“ À√◊Õ ¬“¬n grandparent ªŸË À√◊Õ ¬Ë“ À√◊Õ µ“ À√◊Õ ¬“¬n grandson À≈“𙓬 (¢ÕߪŸË¬Ë“µ“¬“¬)n grape ÕßÿËπn graph °√“ø n grass À≠È“adj grateful ‡ªÁπÀπ’È∫ÿ≠§ÿ≥ ¢Õ∫§ÿ≥n grave  ÿ “πadj great ¬Õ¥‡¬’ˬ¡¬‘Ëß„À≠Ë n greed §«“¡‚≈¿adj greedy ‚≈¿adj green  ’‡¢’¬«v greet ∑—°∑“¬n greeting °“√∑—°∑“¬pt v grew *see growadj grey  ’‡∑“n grief §«“¡‚»°‡»√È“v grieve  ≈¥„® ‡»√È“√–∑¡v grill (cooking) ª‘Èß À√◊Õ ¬Ë“ß

grossadj 1. total √«¡∑—ÈßÀ¡¥colloq 2. disgusting πË“¢¬–·¢¬ß

groundn 1. earth æ◊Èπ¥‘πadj 2. bottom (as for ground floor) ™—Èπ≈Ë“ß ÿ¥ n group °≈ÿË¡phrase group of students °≈ÿË¡π—°»÷°…“v grow ‡µ‘∫‚µn grown-up ºŸÈ„À≠ËË v guard ¬“¡n guardian ºŸÈª°§√Õßv guess ‡¥“ ∑“¬n guest ·¢°ºŸÈ¡“‡¬◊Õπ

guiden 1. leader ºŸÈπ” ¡√√§ÿ‡∑»°Ïv 2. show the way ™’È∑“ß π”∑“ßn guilt §«“¡º‘¥ °“√ ”π÷°º‘¥adj guilty º‘¥  ”π÷°º‘¥ √—∫º‘¥n guitar °’µ“√Ï n gum tree µÈπ°—¡ À√◊Õ µÈπ¬Ÿ§“≈‘ªµ— abbrev gym *see gymnasiumn gymnasium ‚√ßæ≈»÷°…“

Hn habit π‘ —¬ §«“¡‡§¬™‘π

29

had – have

pt v had *see have n hail (weather condition) ≈Ÿ°‡ÀÁ∫n hailstorm 擬ÿ≈Ÿ°‡ÀÁ∫n hair º¡ ¢πn haircut µ—¥º¡adj halal ¶Ë“µ“¡»“ π“Õ‘ ≈“¡

halfadj 1. equal part of §√÷ËßÀπ÷Ëßphrase 2. half-past eight ·ª¥‚¡ß§√÷Ëßn hall ÀÈÕß‚∂ßn hallway ∑“߇¥‘π¿“¬„πµ—«∫È“πv halve ·∫Ëߧ√÷Ëßn hamburger ·Œ¡‡∫Õ√χ°Õ√Ïn hammer ¶ÈÕπ

handn 1. body part ¡◊Õn 2. hand-out ¢Õß·®° ¢Õß„ÀÈ∑“πphr v 3. hand in  Ëßn handbag °√–‡ªÎ“∂◊Õn handball ·Œπ¥Ï∫Õ≈≈Ï

handlen 1. thing that may be held ¥È“¡v 2. touch  —¡º—  ®—¥°“√adj handsome À≈ËÕn handwriting ≈“¬¡◊Õ

hangv 1. suspend ·¢«π ÀÈÕ¬phr v 2. hang around (loiter) ÕÈÕ¬Õ‘Ëß ‡∂≈‰∂≈Îphr v 3. hang onto (hold) Õ¬ŸËµ‘¥ ¬÷¥‡Àπ’ˬ« ¬÷¥∂◊Õphr v 4. hang up (put receiver down) «“ßÀŸŸ‚∑√»—æ∑Ï int 5. Hang on! (wait) √Õ‡¥’ά« v happen ‡°‘¥¢÷Èπn happiness §«“¡ ÿ¢adj happy ‡ªÁπ ÿ¢ ¬‘π¥’n harbour ÕË“«

hardadj 1. difficult ¬“°≈”∫“°adj 2. not soft ·¢Áßadv hardly (rarely) ‰¡Ë§ËÕ¬®– ·∑∫®–‰¡Ëv harm ∑”Õ—πµ√“¬ ∑”„ÀÈ∫“¥‡®Á∫ n harvest ‡°Á∫‡°’ˬ«n hat À¡«°v hate ‡°≈’¬¥™—ß

havev 1. own ¡’ ‡ªÁπ‡®È“¢Õßphrase 2. have a headache ª«¥À—«phrase 3. have dinner √—∫ª√–∑“πÕ“À“√§Ë”phrase 4. have a hair cut µ—¥º¡phr v 5. have on (wear)  «¡‡ ◊Èպȓ

30

have to – his

phr v have to (be compelled to) ®”‡ªÁπµÈÕßpron he ‡¢“

headn 1. body part »’√…– n 2. leader À—«ÀπÈ“ n headache ª«¥À—« n heading (title) À—«¢ÈÕ À—«‡√◊ËÕß n health  ÿ¢¿“æadj healthy Õπ“¡—¬¥’ ¡’ ÿ¢¿“楒 n heap (pile) °Õßv hear ‰¥È¬‘πpt v heard *see hearn heart À—«„®

heatv 1. warm ∑”„ÀÈ√ÈÕπn 2. warmth §«“¡√ÈÕπn heater (appliance) ‡§√◊ËÕß∑”§«“¡√ÈÕπadj heavy Àπ—°n height §«“¡ Ÿßpt v held *see holdn helicopter ‡Œ≈‘§Õª‡µÕ√Ï int hello  «— ¥’’

helpn 1. aid §«“¡™Ë«¬‡À≈◊Õphrase 2. help yourself (serve yourself) ™Ë«¬µπ‡Õßcolloq phr 3. I can't help it (I have no ™Ë«¬‰¡Ë‰¥È

control over it)adj helpful „Àȧ«“¡™Ë«¬‡À≈◊Õ¥’’ n hemisphere ’́°‚≈°

herphrase 1. ask her ∂“¡‡∏Õphrase 2. her book Àπ—ß ◊ÕÀ√◊Õ ¡ÿ¥¢Õ߇∏Õadv here ∑’Ëπ’Ë’ËË n hero «’√∫ÿ√ÿ…v hesitate ≈—߇≈ √’√Õn hexagon √Ÿª ˆ ‡À≈’ˬ¡int hi  «— ¥’’ լ˓߉¡Ë‡ªÁπ∑“ß°“√pt v hid *see hidev hide À≈∫ ·Õ∫

highadj 1. tall  Ÿßadj 2. as for musical note ‡ ’¬ß Ÿßphrase high-heeled shoe √Õ߇∑È“ Èπ Ÿßn high school ‚√߇√’¬π¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“n hill ¿Ÿ‡¢“pron him ‡¢“ºŸÈπ—Èπn hip µ–‚æ°v hire ‡™Ë“pron his ¢Õ߇¢“

31

history – however

n history ª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√ÏÏ hit

v 1. strike µ’’ ∑ÿ∫ ‚®¡µ’’ colloq 2. winner µ√߇ªÈ“ ™π– ‰¥È√“ß«—≈ ‡ªÁπ¬Õ¥π‘¬¡ v hitch-hike ‡¥‘π∑“ß‚¥¬Õ“»—¬‰ª°—∫√∂§πÕ◊Ë◊Ëπn hobby ß“πÕ¥‘‡√°

holdv 1. grasp °”‰«Èn 2. hold-up (robbery) °“√®’Ȫ≈Èπn 3. hold-up (delay) °“√À¬ÿ¥™–ß—°™—Ë«§√“«int 4. Hold it! (stop) À¬ÿ¥°ËÕπcolloq phr 5. hold on (wait) §Õ¬ —°§√ŸËn hole √Ÿ n holiday °“√À¬ÿ¥æ—°ºËÕπadj hollow °≈«ß «Ë“ß ‚≈Ëßadj holy »—°¥‘Ï ‘∑∏‘Ï‘Ï n home ∫È“πadj homesick §‘¥∂÷ß∫È“πn homework (school work you °“√∫È“π

do at home)n honest ´◊ËÕ —µ¬Ï

hookn 1. curved piece of metal µ–¢Õv 2. catch ®—∫

hopen 1. expectation °“√§“¥À¡“¬ §«“¡À«—ßv 2. wish À«—ßn horizon ¢Õ∫øÈ“

horn n 1. animal part ‡¢“ —µ«Ï n 2. car part ·µ√√∂adj horrible πË“°≈—« πË“ ¬¥ ¬Õßn horror §«“¡πË“°≈—«n horse ¡È“n hospital ‚√ß欓∫“≈n host ‡®È“¿“æn hostel ÀÕæ—°

hotadj 1. very warm √ÈÕπcolloq 2. very good ¥’‡¬’ˬ¡n hotel ‚√ß·√¡n hot-plate ®“π‚≈À–√ÈÕ𠇵“n hour ™—Ë«‚¡ßn house ∫È“πn housework (domestic work) ß“π∫È“π

howadv 1. in what way լ˓߉√ colloq phr 2. how come? (why) ∑”‰¡ conj however ·µË լ˓߉√°Áµ“¡

32

huge – industry

adj huge „À≠Ë human

adj 1. of people ‡°’ˬ«°—∫¡πÿ…¬Ï n 2. human being ¡πÿ…¬ÏÏ n humour Õ“√¡≥Ï¢—π pt v hung *see hangadj hungry À‘«v hunt ≈Ë“ ≈Ë“ —µ«Ï µ“¡≈Ë“

hurryv 1. move quickly √’∫√ÈÕπcolloq phr 2. hurry up ‡√Á«Ê‡¢È“

hurtv 1. injure ∑”„Àȇ®Á∫ª«¥adj 2. wounded ‰¥È√—∫∫“¥‡®Á∫n hut °√–∑ËÕ¡

Ipron I ¢È“懮ȓ ©—π º¡ ¥‘©—πn ice πÈ”·¢Áßn ice-cream ‰Õ»§√’¡adj ideal Õÿ¥¡§µ‘conj if ∂È“adj ill ªË«¬adj illegal º‘¥°ÆÀ¡“¬n illness ‚√§n illustration °“√Õ∏‘∫“¬‚¥¬„™È¿“æÀ√◊Õµ—«Õ¬Ë“ߪ√–°Õ∫v imagine ®‘πµπ“°“√adj immediate ∑—π∑’ ©—∫æ≈—πadv immediately ‚¥¬∑—π∑’ լ˓ߩ—∫æ≈—πn immigrant ºŸÈÕæ¬æ‡¢È“ª√–‡∑»adj important  ”§—≠adj impossible ‡ªÁπ‰ª‰¡Ë‰¥Èv improve ª√—∫ª√ÿß

inprep 1. indicates enclosed place „π ¿“¬„πphrase 2. in Australia „πª√–‡∑»ÕÕ ‡µ√‡≈’¬phrase 3. in January „π‡¥◊Õπ¡°√“§¡phrase 4. in English ‡ªÁπ¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…phrase 5. in pencil ¥È«¬¥‘π Õphrase 6. in love µ°Õ¬ŸË„πÀ≈ÿ¡√—°phrase 7. in danger µ°Õ¬ŸË„π¿¬—πµ√“¬phrase 8. in time (not late) ∑—π‡«≈“v include ª√–°Õ∫¥È«¬ √«¡∂÷ßn income √“¬‰¥Èadj incorrect º‘¥v increase ‡æ‘Ë¡n index ¥√√™π’adj indoor „π√Ë¡ n industry Õÿµ “À°√√¡

33

infect – is

v infect µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕn infection °“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕv influence ¡’Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈µËÕn influenza ‚√§‰¢ÈÀ«—¥„À≠Ëv inform √“¬ß“π„ÀÈ∑√“∫n information ¢Ë“« “√ ¢ÈÕ¡Ÿ≈prep in front of µËÕÀπÈ“v inhabit Õ“»—¬Õ¬ŸË„π n inhabitant ºŸÈÕ¬ŸËÕ“»—¬

initialadj 1. first ‡√‘Ë¡µÈπ ·√°‡√‘Ë¡ µÕπ·√°n 2. first letter of name Õ—°…√·√°¢Õß™◊ËÕn injection °“√©’¥ ¬“©’¥v injure ∑”„ÀÈ∫“¥‡®Á∫n injury °“√∫“¥‡®Á∫adj inner ¿“¬„πadj innocent ‰√ȇ¥’¬ß “n insect ·¡≈ßv insert  Õ¥ prep inside ¿“¬„πv insist ¬◊π¬—π

instantn 1. moment ¢≥–adj 2. immediate ∑—π∑’ adv instead ·∑π∑’Ëv instruct  —Ëß Õπ ·π–π”  —Ëßß“πn instruction °“√ —Ëß Õπ °“√·π–π” §” —Ëßn instrument (musical) ‡§√◊ËÕߥπµ√’’ n insurance °“√ª√–°—πadj intelligent ‡©≈’¬«©≈“¥v intend µ—Èß„®n interest §«“¡ π„®adj interested  π„®adj interesting πË“ π„®n Internet Õ‘π‡µÕ√χπÁµv interrupt ¢—¥®—ßÀ«– æŸÕ Õ¥ n intersection ∑“ß ’Ë·¬°n interview °“√ —¡¿“…≥ÏÏ prep into ‡¢È“‰ª¢È“ß„π ‰ª¬—ß v introduce ·π–π”n introduction (of a book) Õ“√—¡¿∫∑v invent ª√–¥‘‘…∞ÏÏ  √È“ß §‘¥§Èπn invitation °“√‡™‘≠ ∫—µ√‡™‘≠v invite ‡™‘≠

ironn 1. metal ‡À≈Á°n 2. household appliance ‡µ“√’¥v 3. as for clothing √’¥ºÈ“prt v is *see be

34

35

island – keyboard

n island ‡°“–it

pron 1. subject ¡—π pron 2. object π—Ëπpron its (possessive) ¢Õß¡—π

Jn jacket ‡ ◊ÈÕ§≈ÿ¡ ‡ ◊ÈÕπÕ°n jail §ÿ° n jar °√–ªÿ° µÿË¡ ‰À adj jealous Õ‘®©“n jeans °“߇°ß¬’πn jet ‡§√◊Õß∫‘π‰ÕæËπn jewel ‡æ™√æ≈Õ¬n jewellery ‡§√◊ËÕߪ√–¥—∫‡æ™√æ≈Õ¬n job ß“πv jog «‘Ë߇À¬“–Ên jogger π—°«‘Ë߇À¬“–Ê

joinv 1. unite µËÕ √Ë«¡v 2. as a club ‡¢È“‡ªÁπ ¡“™‘°adj joint ¢ÈÕµËÕn joke ‡√◊ËÕßµ≈°n journey °“√‡¥‘π∑“ßn joy §«“¡ª‘µ‘¬‘π¥’ §«“¡ª≈“∫ª≈◊È¡

judgen 1. person in court ºŸÈæ‘æ“°…“v 2. make a decision about µ—¥ ‘π æ‘æ“°…“n judgment °“√µ—¥ ‘π °“√æ‘æ“°…“n judo ¬Ÿ‚¥n juice πÈ”º≈‰¡Èv jump °√–‚¥¥n jumper (clothing) ‡ ◊ÈÕ°—πÀπ“«·¢π°ÿ¥

justadv 1. only ‡∑Ë“π—Èπ adj 2. fair ¬ÿµ‘∏√√¡ ‡∑’ˬß∏√√¡

Kn kangaroo ®‘ß‚®È

keepv 1. hold on to ‡°Á∫Àπ˫߇Àπ’ˬ«phr v 2. keep away ÕÕ°¡“Õ¬ŸËÀË“ßÊphr v 3. keep going ∑”µËÕ‰ªphr v 4. keep out ªÈÕß°—π լ˓„Àȇ¢È“„°≈Èphr v 5. keep up √—°…“colloq phr 6. The teacher kept us in ∂Ÿ°§√Ÿ∫—ߧ—∫„ÀÈÕ¬Ÿ‡¬Áπ∑’Ë‚√߇√’¬πpt v kept *see keepn key °ÿ≠·®n keyboard ·ªÈπÕ—°…√æ‘¡æÏ¥’¥

keyring – large

n keyring æ«ß°ÿ≠·®n keyword §” ”§—≠ §”‰¢ª—≠À“v kick ‡µ– ∂’∫colloq kid (child) ‡¥Á°v kill ¶Ë“n killer ¶“µ°√

kindadj 1. good hearted „®¥’’ n 2. type ™π‘¥ ·∫∫n kindness §«“¡‡¡µµ“ §«“¡°√ÿ≥“ n king °…—µ√‘¬ÏÏ æ√–‡®È“·ºËπ¥‘πv kiss ®Ÿ∫n kitchen ÀÈÕߧ√—«n knee À—«‡¢Ë“ v kneel §ÿ°‡¢Ë“pt v knelt *see kneelpt v knew *see known knife ¡’¥v knit ∂—°n knob ≈Ÿ°∫‘¥ v knock ‡§“– µ’ ∑ÿ∫n knot ª¡ ‡ß◊ËÕπ

knowv 1. understand ‡¢È“„® √ŸÈv 2. be acquainted with √ŸÈ®—°phrase 3. Let me know (tell me) ∫Õ°„ÀÈ√ŸÈn koala ‚§Õ“≈Ë“n kookaburra π°§ÿ°§“‡∫Õ√Ë“

Labbrev lab *see laboratoryn label ªÈ“¬ ©≈“°n laboratory ÀÈÕß∑¥≈Õßn labour ·√ßß“πv lack ¢“¥n lad ‡¥Á°ÀπÿË¡n ladder ∫—π„¥¬“«pt v laid *see layn lake ∑–‡≈ “∫n lamp µ–‡°’¬ß

landn 1. opposite of sea ·ºËπ¥‘πn 2. country ª√–‡∑»v 3. as for plane ≈ß ŸËæ◊Èπ¥‘πn language ¿“…“

lapn 1. body part µ—° ÀπËÈ“µ—°n 2. distance in a pool ‡∑’ˬ« √Õ∫adj large „À≠Ë

36

last – less

lastadj 1. opposite of first  ÿ¥∑È“¬v 2. endure ∑π∑“πadv lastly ∑È“¬∑’Ë ÿ¥adj late (opposite of early)  “¬ ™È“adv lately ‡¡◊ËÕ‰¡Ëπ“π¡“π’Èadv later ¿“¬À≈—ßv laugh À—«‡√“–n laughter ‡ ’¬ßÀ—«‡√“– °“√À—«‡√“–n laundry ÀÈÕß´—°ºÈ“ °“√´—°√’¥n law °ÆÀ¡“¬n lawn  π“¡À≠È“n lawyer ∑𓬧«“¡ π—°°ÆÀ¡“¬

layv 1. as for eggs «“߉¢ËËË v 2. put «“ß adj lazy ¢’ȇ°’¬®

leadv 1. go first π”ÀπÈ“n 2. holder for a dog  “¬®Ÿß ÿπ—¢n leader ºŸÈπ”n leadership §«“¡‡ªÁπºŸÈπ”n leaf „∫‰¡Èv leak √—Ë« ´÷¡ √—Ë«‰À≈

leanv 1. incline æ“¥æ‘ß ¬ËÕµ—« °È¡ ‡Õ’¬ß ≈“¥ ‚πÈ¡‡Õ’¬ßadj 2. thin ºÕ¡ ∫“ß v leap °√–‚¥¥n leap year ª’’∑’Ë¡’ Ûˆˆ «—πv learn ‡√’¬π√ŸÈpt v learnt *see learnadj least πÈÕ¬∑’Ë ÿ¥n leather Àπ—ß —µ«ÏÏ

leavev 1. separate from ·¬°ÕÕ°®“°n 2. time off «—π≈“À¬ÿ¥phr v 3. leave alone ª≈ËÕ¬„ÀÈÕ¬ŸË‚¥¬≈”æ—ß ‰¡Ë¬ÿËߥȫ¬phr v 4. leave on ª≈ËÕ¬„ÀÈ¥”‡π‘πµËÕ‰ªphr v 5. leave out ≈–‡«ÈπÀ√◊Õµ—¥ÕÕ°pt v led *see leadpt v left *see leaveadj left (opposite of right) ´È“¬adj left-handed ∂π—¥´È“¬n leg ¢“n lemon ¡–π“«Ω√—Ëßv lend „ÀȬ◊¡n length §«“¡¬“«pt v lent *see lendadv less πÈÕ¬°«Ë“

37

lesson – lizard

n lesson ∫∑‡√’¬πlet

v 1. allow Õπÿ≠“µ ¬Õ¡ „ÀÈv 2. rent „Àȇ™Ë“

lettern 1. as of alphabet µ—«Õ—°…√n 2. correspondence ®¥À¡“¬n letterbox µŸÈ®¥À¡“¬n lettuce º—°°“¥ÀÕ¡adj level ‡ ¡Õ n liar §π‚°À°n library ÀÈÕß ¡ÿ¥ ÀÕ ¡ÿ¥n licence „∫Õπÿ≠“µv lick ‡≈’¬n lid Ω“ª‘¥

liev 1. tell untruths ‚°À°¡ÿ “phr v 2. lie down πÕπæ—°n life ™’«‘µn lifesaver ºŸÈ™Ë«¬™’«‘µ ÀË«ß™Ÿ™’æ

liftv 1. raise ¬°¢÷Èπn 2. elevator ≈‘øµÏÏ n 3. car ride ‰ª°—∫√∂

lightn 1. opposite of darkness §«“¡ «ËË“ßn 2. as for electric light · ß‰øadj 3. not dark  «Ë“ßadj 4. not heavy ‡∫“n lighter (as for cigarettes) ‰ø·™Á§n lightning øÈ“ºË“

likev 1. be fond of ™Õ∫prep 2. similar to ‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫n limit ¢Õ∫‡¢µ «ß®”°—¥n line ‡ Èπ ·∂« ∫√√∑—¥n lip √‘¡Ω’ª“°n liquid ¢Õ߇À≈«n list √“¬°“√ √“¬™◊ËÕ v listen ø—ßpt v lit *see lightn litter ¢¬–adj little ‡≈Á° πÈÕ¬ π‘¥ÀπËÕ¬

livev 1. exist Õ¬ŸË adj 2. opposite of dead ¬—ß¡’™’«‘µ n living (job) ß“π Õ“™’æn living room ÀÈÕß√—∫·¢° ÀÈÕßπ—Ë߇≈Ëπn lizard  —µ«Ï‡≈◊ÈÕ¬§≈“π

38

load – lunch

v load ∫√√®ÿ ∫√√∑ÿ° n lobster °ÿÈß¡—ß°√

localn 1. person from a particular area §π∑ÈÕß∂‘Ëπadj 2. pertaining to an area ‡°’ˬ«°—∫∑ÈÕß∂‘Ëπn location  ∂“π∑’˵—Èßv lock ª‘¥°ÿ≠·®n log (wood) ∑ËÕπ‰¡Èn lolly ≈Ÿ°°«“¥adj lonely ‡ª≈Ë“‡ª≈’ˬ«

longadj 1. opposite of short ¬“«phr v 2. long for (want) Õ¬“°‰¥Èphrase 3. How long?(as time) π“π‡∑Ë“‰√phrase 4. How long?(as length) ¬“«‡∑Ë“‰√phrase 5. long ago π“π¡“·≈È«

lookn 1. glance ™”‡≈’¬ßphr v 2. look at ¥Ÿphr v 3. look after ¥Ÿ·≈phr v 4. look for À“phr v 5. look forward to Õ¬“°„ÀÈ¡“∂÷߇√Á«Êphr v 6. look up to π—∫∂◊Õ phrase 7. look like (resemble) ‡À¡◊Õπadj loose À≈«¡

losev 1. opposite of find  Ÿ≠À“¬v 2. opposite of win ·æÈphrase 3. she lost her mother µ“¬®“°‰ª

(her mother died)n loss °“√¢“¥∑ÿπ °“√ Ÿ≠‡ ’¬pt v lost *see lose

lotn 1. destiny ™–µ“°√√¡ ‚™§phrase 2. a lot of ¡“°¡“¬adj loud ¥—ßn lounge room ÀÈÕßπ—Ë߇≈Ëπ

loven 1. passionate affection §«“¡√—° v 2. feel passionate √—° adj low µË”n lower case Õ—°…√µ—«‡≈Á°adj loyal ®ß√—°¿—°¥’’ ´◊ËÕ —µ¬Ï n luck ‚™§ adj lucky ‚™§¥’’ n lump °ÈÕπ n lunch Õ“À“√°≈“ß«—π

39

machine – match

Mn machine ‡§√◊ËÕß®—°√

madadj 1. angry ‚¡‚À ‚°√∏adj 2. insane ‡ªÁπ∫È“colloq phr 3. mad about (loves) À≈߉À≈n madam §ÿ≥π“¬pt v made *see maken magazine 𑵬 “√n magic §“∂“Õ“§¡ n magpie π°·¡Á°‰æ

mailn 1. correspondence ®¥À¡“¬v 2. send  Ë߉ª√…≥’¬Ïadj main  ”§—≠

makev 1. manufacture º≈‘µphrase 2. make the bed ®—¥‡µ’¬ßphrase 3. make friends §∫‡ªÁπ‡æ◊ËÕπphr v 4. make up (reconcile) §◊π¥’’ n make-up ‡§√◊ËÕß·µËßÀπÈ“adj male ∫ÿ√ÿ…n mammal  —µ«Ï‡≈’Ȭß≈Ÿ°¥È«¬πÈ”π¡n man §π ∫ÿ√ÿ…v manage ®—¥°“√n manager ºŸÈ®—¥°“√n mandarin ¢ÿππ“ß®’πn mango ¡–¡Ë«ßn manner (way) «‘∏’°“√n manners (pertaining to ¡“√¬“∑

polite behaviour)v manufacture º≈‘µadj many ¡“° À≈“¬n map ·ºπ∑’Ë n margin (of a book) ¢Õ∫´È“¬¢«“„πÀπÈ“Àπ—ß ◊Õn marijuana °—≠™“

markv 1. correct °“‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬∂Ÿ°n 2. numerical value for work §–·ππ À√◊Õ ·µÈ¡n 3. spot ®ÿ¥¥Ë“ߥ”n market µ≈“¥n marriage °“√·µËßß“πv marry ·µËßß“πn mat ‡ ◊ËÕ

matchv 1. suit §ŸË§«√n 2. implement for lighting ‰¡È¢’¥‰ø

40

mate – midday

n 3. game °“√·¢Ëߢ—π°’Ón mate (friend) ‡æ◊ËÕπn material «— ¥ÿ n mathematics §≥‘µ»“ µ√Ï abbrev maths *see mathematics

mattern 1. substance   “√ «—µ∂ÿ phrase 2. What's the matter? ‡°‘¥Õ–‰√¢÷ÈπÀ√◊Õphrase 3. It matters a lot ¡—π‡ªÁπ‡√◊ËÕß ”§—≠¡“°v may (allowed to) Õ“®®–adv maybe ∫“ß∑’pron me ¢È“懮ȓ ©—π º¡ ¥‘©—πn meal ¡◊ÈÕÕ“À“√

meanv 1. intend ¡’‡®µπ“ µ—Èß„®n 2. average §Ë“‡©≈’ˬphrase 3. I didn't mean it (accidental) ©—π‰¡Ë‰¥È‡®µπ“ n meaning §«“¡À¡“¬n means (resources) ª—®®—¬ ¢ÿπ∑√—æ¬Ï pt v meant *see meanadv meanwhile „π¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—πv measure ™—Ëß µ«ß «—¥n measurement °“√™—ËËß µ«ß «—¥ ¢π“¥µ—«n meat ‡π◊ÈÕ —µ«Ï n meat pie ¢π¡‰æ¬Ï„ È‡π◊ÈÕ n mechanic ™Ë“ß°≈ n medication °“√„™È¬“ ¬“∑’Ë„™È n medicine ¬“ adj medium  “¬°≈“ß v meet æ∫ª– n melon ·µß v melt ≈–≈“¬n member  ¡“™‘°v memorise ®” ∑ËÕß®”n memory §«“¡®”v mend ª– ´ËÕ¡·´¡ ™ÿπ adj mental ‡°’ˬ«°—∫®‘µ„®v mention ‡Õˬ∂÷ß

menun 1. list in restaurant √“¬°“√Õ“À“√n 2. list on a computer √“¬°“√§” —Ëß∫π®Õ§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√Ïn mess  ¿“æ¬ÿË߇À¬‘ßn message ¢ÈÕ§«“¡pt v met *see meetn metal ‚≈À–n method «‘∏’n microscope °≈ÈÕß®ÿ≈∑—»πÏ n microwave (oven) ‡µ“‰¡‚§√‡«ø n midday µÕπ‡∑’Ë¬ß °≈“ß«—π

41

middle – moist

middleadj 1. central °≈“ßn 2. centre »Ÿπ¬ÏÏ°≈“ßadj middle-aged «—¬°≈“ߧπ n midnight ‡∑’ˬߧ◊π

mightv 1. express possibility Õ“®®–n 2. strength Õ”π“® æ≈–°”≈—ßn migrant ºŸÈÕæ¬æadj mild ®÷¥ √ ‰¡Ë®—¥ ‰¡Ë√ÿπ·√ßn military °”≈—ß∑À“√n milk π¡n milkbar √È“π¢“¬π¡ ¢π¡·≈– ‘π§È“‡∫Á¥‡µ≈Á¥

mindn 1. consciousness  µ‘ phrase 2. Keep in mind ®”„ Ë„®phrase 3. Never mind (don't worry) ‰¡Ë‡ªÁπ‰√ ‰¡ËµÈÕßÀË«ßphrase 4. I don't mind ‰¡Ë∂◊Õ ‰¡Ë√—߇°’¬®phrase 5. Mind the step (be careful) √–«—ߢ—Èπ∫—π‰¥

minepron 1. possessive ¢Õߢȓ懮ȓ ¢Õß©—π ¢Õߺ¡ ¢Õߥ‘©—πn 2. underground excavation ‡À¡◊Õß„µÈ¥‘π n mineral ·√Ë∏“µÿÿÿ À‘π·√Ë n minister (government) √—∞¡πµ√’ prep minus ≈∫ µ‘¥≈∫

minuten 1. unit of time π“±’ adj 2. very small ‡≈Á°¡“°n mirror °√–®°adj miserable ∑ÿ°¢Ï¬“° πË“ —߇«™v misplace «“ߺ‘¥∑’Ë

missn 1. woman's title π“ß “«v 2. long for §‘¥∂‘ßv 3. opposite of hit æ≈“¥‡ªÈ“adj missing À“¬n Missus ¿√√¬“ π“ßn Mister π“¬n mistake §«“¡º‘¥æ≈“¥v misunderstand §«“¡‡¢È“„®º‘¥v mix ªπ º ¡n mixture  Ë«πº ¡n mobile phone ‚∑√»—æ∑χ§≈◊ËÕπ∑’Ë’Ë

modeln 1. representation ·∫∫Õ¬Ë“ß ·∫∫®”≈Õßn 2. person who shows clothes π“ß·∫∫adj modern ∑—π ¡—¬adj modest ∂ËÕ¡µ—« ÕËÕππÈÕ¡adj moist ™◊Èπ·©–

42

moment – naked

n moment ¢≥–n money ‡ß‘πn monitor (computer) ®Õ§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√Ï n month ‡¥◊Õπn mood (frame of mind) Õ“√¡≥ÏÏ n moon æ√–®—π∑√Ï adj moral ‡°’ˬ«°—∫»‘≈∏√√¡adv more Õ’° ¡“°°«Ë“π’È n morning ‡™È“n mosque  ÿ‡À√Ë“adj most  Ë«π¡“°n mother ¡“√¥“n motor ‡§√◊ËÕ߬πµÏÏn motor bike √∂®—°√¬“π¬πµÏ n motor scooter √∂®—°√¬“π¬πµÏ °ÍŸµ‡µÕ√ÏÏ

mousen 1. animal ÀπŸ n 2. computer part ‡¡“ Ï¢Õߧա摫‡µÕ√ÏÏphrase mouse button (computer) ªÿË¡∫π‡¡“ Ïn mousepad ·ºËπ√Õ߇¡“ ÏÏ n moustache Àπ«¥n mouth ª“°v move ¢¬—∫ ‡§≈◊ËÕπ‰À«n movement °“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ‰À«n movie ¿“æ¬πµ√Ï abbrev Mr *see Misterabbrev Mrs *see Missusn Ms π“ß “«À√◊Õπ“ßadv much ¡“°adj multicultural À≈“°«—≤π∏√√¡n multiplication °“√§Ÿ≥v multiply §Ÿ≥abbrev mum *see mother

murdern 1. unlawful killing ¶“µ°√√¡v 2. kill unlawfully ¶Ë“լ˓ߺ‘¥°ÆÀ¡“¬n muscle °≈È“¡‡π◊ÈÕn mushroom ‡ÀÁ¥n music ¥πµ√’ v must ®”µÈÕßpron my ¢Õߢȓ懮ȓ ¢Õß©—π ¢Õߺ¡ ¢Õߥ‘©—πn mystery §«“¡≈÷°≈—∫

Nn nag °“√∫Ëπ®ŸÈ®’È ¡È“·°≈∫ ¡È“·°Ë

nailn 1. body part ‡≈Á∫n 2. metal spike µ–ªŸŸ adj naked ‡ª≈◊Õ¬ ≈ËÕπ®ÈÕπ

43

name – nobody

namen 1. title µ”·ÀπËËßÀπÈ“π“¡phrase 2. given name ™◊ËÕÀπÈ“phrase 3. family name π“¡ °ÿ≈adj narrow ·§∫adj nasty  °ª√° πË“√—߇°’¬®n nation ª√–‡∑»™“µ‘adj nationality  —≠™“µ‘ adj native æ◊Èπ‡¡◊Õß

naturen 1. person's character π‘ —¬n 2. environment ∏√√¡™“µ‘ prep near „°≈Èadv nearby „°≈ȇ§’¬ßadv nearly ‡°◊Õ∫adj neat ‡√’¬∫√ÈÕ¬‡ªÁπ√–‡∫’¬∫adj necessary ®”‡ªÁπn neck §Õv need ®”‡ªÁπµÈÕßn needle ‡¢Á¡

negativen 1. film ø‘≈Ï¡∑’ˬ—߉¡Ë‰¥È≈È“ßadj 2. opposite of positive ≈∫v neglect ≈–‡≈¬ ∑Õ¥∑‘Èßn neighbour ‡æ◊ËÕπ∫È“πadv neither ‰¡Ë„™Ë∑—Èß Õßn nerve ‡ Èπª√– “∑adj nervous ª√–À¡Ë“n nest √—ß

netn 1. trap ·À Õ«πn 2. sport equipment µ“¢Ë“¬abbrev Net *see Internetn netball (game) °’Ó‡πÁµ∫Õ≈adv never ‰¡Ë‡§¬adj new „À¡ËËË n newspaper Àπ—ß ◊Õæ‘¡æÏ

nextadv 1. after this µËÕ®“°π’Èadj 2. following µËÕ‰ªπ’Èphrase 3. next door ∂—¥‰ª adj nice ¥’ ‡∑ËË  «¬n night °≈“ߧ◊πn nightclub ‰π∑ϧ≈—∫n night dress ™ÿÿ¥√“µ√’

noint 1. opposite yes ‰¡Ë det 2. not at all ‰¡Ë‡≈¬ pron nobody ‰¡Ë¡’„§√

44

nocturnal – obvious

adj nocturnal „π‡«≈“°≈“ߧ◊π ™‘πµËÕ‡«≈“°≈“ߧ◊π v nod 欗°ÀπÈ“ ºß°»’√…–n noise ‡ ’¬ß√∫°«πadv noisily լ˓ßÕ÷°∑÷°adj noisy ‡ ’¬ß¥—ßÕ÷°∑÷°pron none ‰¡Ë¡’„§√n noon °≈“ß«—πpron no-one ‰¡Ë¡’„§√conj nor ·≈–‰¡Ë adj normal ª°µ‘ n north ∑‘»‡Àπ◊Õn nose ®¡Ÿ°n nosebleed ‡≈◊Õ¥°”‡¥“adv not ‰¡ËË

noten 1. money ‡ß‘π n 2. short piece of writing ∫—π∑÷° —ÈπÊphrase 3. take note (be careful) æ÷ß√–«—ßphrase 4. take notes ®¥∫—π∑÷°pron nothing ‰¡Ë¡’Õ–‰√n notice ª√–°“»·®Èßn notice board °√–¥“𵑥ª√–°“»n noun §”π“¡n novel π«π‘¬“¬adv now ¢≥–π’È ‡¥’ά«π’Èadv nowadays ∑ÿ°«—ππ’È ª—®®ÿ∫—ππ’Èadv nowhere ‰¡Ë¡’∑’Ë„Àπadj nude ‡ª≈◊Õ¬√Ë“ß

numbern 1. numeral µ—«‡≈¢ ‡≈¢À¡“¬v 2. count ®”π«πphrase 3. a number of ®”π«πÀπ÷Ëßabbrev 4. no.n nurse 欓∫“≈

nutn 1. fruit º≈‰¡È‡ª≈◊Õ°·¢Áßcolloq 2. mad person §π∫È“ §π µ‘‰¡Ë¥’n nutrition ‚¿™π“À“√

Oadj obedient ‡™◊ËÕø—ßv obey ∑”µ“¡§” —Ëß

objectn 1. thing «—µ∂ÿ n 2. aim ®ÿ¥ª√– ß§Ï v 3. be against §—¥§È“π µËյȓπn objection °“√§—¥§È“πv obtain √—∫adj obvious ·®ËË¡·®Èß Õ¬Ë“ß‡ÀÁπ‰¥È™—¥

45

occasion – only

n occasion ‚Õ°“  ‡∑»°“≈ adv occasionally ∫“ß‚Õ°“ n occupation Õ“™’æ n ocean ¡À“ ¡ÿ∑√adv o'clock ‚¡ß ¬“¡

oddadj 1. strange ·ª≈°phrase 2. odd number ‡≈¢§’Ë prep of ¢Õß int of course ·πËπÕπ

offadv 1. away from ‰ª®“° ·¬°®“°prep 2. opposite on ª‘¥ colloq phr 3. Off you go! ‰ª‰¥È·≈È«n offence °“√°√–∑”º‘¥ §«“¡º‘¥ °“√≈˫߇°‘π

offern 1. proposal °“√‡ πÕ ¢ÈÕ‡ πÕ v 2. present for approval °“√‡ πÕ‡æ◊ËÕ¢Õ§«“¡‡ÀÁπ™Õ∫ n office  ”π—°ß“πn officer ‡®È“ÀπÈ“∑’Ë’Ë adj official լ˓߇ªÁπ∑“ß°“√adv often ∫ËÕ¬Ê int oh! ‚ÕÈ‚Œ ·À¡

oiln 1. of petroleum π”È¡—𪑂µ√‡≈’ˬ¡v 2. grease πÈ”¡—πÀ≈ËÕ≈◊Ëπint okay ‡ÀÁπ¥È«¬ µ°≈ß

oldadj 1. opposite new ‡°Ë“adj 2. opposite young ·°Ë n old age «—¬™√“adj old-fashioned ≈È“ ¡—¬

onprep 1. representing location ∫π adj 2. opposite off ‡ª‘¥phrase 3. on fire ‰ø‰À¡Èphrase 4. on foot ‡¥‘π‡∑È“phrase 5. on time µ√߇«≈“phrase 6. on holidays æ—°√ÈÕπ phrase 7. on the left Õ¬ŸË¥È“π´È“¬¡◊Õphrase 8. on the right Õ¬ŸË¥È“π¢«“¡◊Õ ‡ªÁπΩË“¬∂Ÿ°phrase 9. on top Õ¬ŸË˥ȓπ∫π

onceadv 1. one time §√—È߇¥’¬«phrase 2. at once ∑—π∑’’ phrase 3. once a week  —ª¥“ÀÏ≈–§√—Èßadj one Àπ÷Ëßn onion À—«ÀÕ¡adv only ‡∑Ë“π—Èπ

46

open – overcrowded

openadj 1. opposite of closed ‡ª‘¥phrase 2. in the open (outside) Õ¬ŸË¥È“ππÕ°n opening °“√‡ª‘¥ µ”·ÀπËß«Ë“ß

operatev 1. work ¥”‡π‘πß“πv 2. carry out surgery ºË“µ—¥n operation °“√ºË“µ—¥ ªØ‘∫—µ‘°“√n opinion §«“¡‡ÀÁπn opportunity ‚Õ°“ v oppose µËÕµÈ“π §—¥§È“πn opposite µ√ߢȓ¡

orangeadj 1. colour  ’ È¡n 2. fruit º≈ È¡n orchestra «ß¥πµ√’ÕÕ√χ§ µ√“

ordern 1. numerical sequence ≈”¥—∫À¡“¬‡≈¢n 2. direction for a supply §” —Ëß´◊ÈÕv 3. put in sequence ®—¥µ“¡≈”¥—∫°ËÕπÀ≈—ßv 4. arrange supply of ®—¥À“‡æ◊ËÕ¢“¬  ‘π§È“∑’Ë®—¥¢“¬adj ordinary ∏√√¡¥“ ª°µ‘  “¡—≠

organn 1. musical instrument ‡§√◊ËÕߥπµ√’ÕÕ√Ï·°πn 2. body part Õ«—¬«–n organisation Õߧϰ“√ Õߧϰ√ v organize ®—¥„ÀȇªÁπ√–‡∫’¬∫n origin µÈπµÕ ·À≈Ëß µÈ𰔇π‘¥pron other Õ◊ËπÊconj otherwise ¡‘©–π—Èπpron our ¢Õßæ«°‡√“

outadv 1. opposite in ¢È“ßπÕ°prep 2. out of πÕ°phrase 3. Lights out! ª‘¥‰øphrase 4. made out of ∑”¥È«¬phrase 5. out of bounds ÀÈ“¡‡¢È“ πÕ°¢Õ∫‡¢µphrase 6. out of date ≈È“ ¡—¬phrase 7. out of order º‘¥√”¥—∫ ‡ ’¬ ‰¡Ë∑”ß“πphrase 8. out of work ‰¡Ë¡’ß“π∑”adv outside ¢È“ßπÕ°adj oval (shape) √Ÿª‰¢ËË  π“¡°’Ó√Ÿª‰¢Ë

overadv 1. finished ‡ √Á®‡√’¬∫√ÈÕ¬prep 2. pertaining to location ∑’˵√ßπ—ÈπÀ√◊Õµ√ßπ’È phrase 3. over and over È́”·≈È« È́”‡≈Ë“phrase 4. over there ∑’Ëπ—Ëπphrase 5. fall over À°≈È¡adj overcrowded ·ÕÕ—¥‡°‘π‰ª

47

overdo – pass

v overdo ∑”¡“°‡°‘π‰ª adj overdue ‡°‘π‡«≈“n overhead projector ‡§√◊ËÕß©“¬¿“æ∫√√¬“¬∫πΩ“ºπ—ßv overhear ·Õ∫‰¥È¬‘πadj overnight §È“ߧ◊π ™—Ë«¢È“¡§◊πadv overseas µË“ߪ√–‡∑» ‚æÈπ∑–‡≈v oversleep µ◊Ë𠓬 v overtake ·´ßÀπÈ“‰ª √ÿ¥ÀπÈ“‰ªv owe µ‘¥Àπ’È §È“ß™”√–‡ß‘πphrase owing to (due to) ‡π◊ËÕß®“°

ownv 1. have ¡’’ ‡ªÁπ‡®È“¢Õßphrase 2. his own money ‡ß‘π¢Õ߇¢“‡Õßn owner ‡®È“¢Õßn oxygen ÕÁÕ°´‘‡®π

Pv pack ∫√√®ÿphrase pack of cards ‰æËÀπ÷Ëß ”√—∫n packet ´Õß °≈ËÕß ÀËÕ ∂ÿßn pad (as note-pad)  ¡ÿ¥©’’°n paddock ∑ÿËßÀ≠È“∑’Ë¡’√—È«≈ÈÕ¡√Õ∫n page ÀπÈ“Àπ—ß ◊Õpt v paid *see payn pain §«“¡‡®Á∫ª«¥v paint ∑“ ’ n painting ¿“æ«“¥n pair §ŸËËŸË adj pale ´’¥ ¢“«n pan °–∑–·∫πn pants °“߇°ßn pantyhose ∂ÿßπËÕßn paper °√–¥“…n paragraph ¬ËÕÀπÈ“adj parallel ¢π“πn parallelogram √Ÿª ’ˇÀ≈’ˬ¡¥È“π¢π“πn parent ∫‘¥“À√◊Õ¡“√¥“

parkn 1. green space  «π “∏“√≥–v 2. as a car ®Õ¥√∂n part  Ë«πª√–°Õ∫ ™‘Èπ Ë«π Õ“À≈—ˬn participle (grammar) §”°√‘¬“„π‰«¬“°√≥ÏÕ—ß°ƒ…∑’ˇµ‘¡ 'ing' À√◊Õ 'ed' ¢È“ß∑È“¬adj particular ‚¥¬‡©æ“–n partner §ŸË§√Õß ÀÿÈπ Ë«π adj part-time ß“π‰¡Ë‡µÁ¡‡«≈“n party (gathering) ß“π‡≈’Ȭß

passv 1. go by ºË“πv 2. opposite of fail  Õ∫ºË“π

48

passage – persuade

v 3. hand over ¡Õ∫„ÀÈ  Ëß¡Õ∫n 4. train pass µ—Ϋ√∂‰ø摇»…n passage ∑“߇¥‘πn passenger ºŸÈ‚¥¬ “√n passport Àπ—ß ◊Õ‡¥‘π∑“ß

pastn 1. time gone by Õ¥’µphrase 2. walk past ‡¥‘πºË“πphrase 3. half past three  “¡‚¡ß§√÷Ëßphrase 4. past tense Õ¥’µ°“≈n pasta Õ“À“√·ªÈßæ“ µÈ“

pasten 1. glue °“«·ªÈ߇ª’¬°v 2. stick with paste µ‘¥°“« ∑“°“«n path ∑“߇¥‘π

patientn 1. a person under medical §π‰¢È

treatmentadj 2. calm under stress Õ¥∑πn pause À¬ÿ¥™—Ë«§√“«n paw ÕÿÈß¡◊ÕÕÿÈ߇∑È“ —µ«Ï

payn 1. earnings ‡ß‘π§Ë“®È“ß ‡ß‘π§Ë“·√ßv 2. provide with money ™”√– ®Ë“¬‡ß‘