Aquatic Biodi Status of Bangladesh

8/6/2019 Aquatic Biodi Status of Bangladesh

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Mostafa Mostafa Hossain Hossain

Dept. of Fish. Biology and GeneticsDept. of Fish. Biology and Genetics

Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityBangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensinghMymensingh

Aquatic Biodiversity in Bangladesh: Ecosystem andAquatic Biodiversity in Bangladesh: Ecosystem and

SpeciesSpecies



Bangladesh has a unique position in the subBangladesh has a unique position in the sub--tropicaltropical

region, within the delta of three great riversregion, within the delta of three great rivers -- TheTheGanges, theGanges, the BrahmaputraBrahmaputra and theand the MeghnaMeghna (covering(covering

an area of 14.30 million hectares)an area of 14.30 million hectares)

The country is very rich in biodiversityThe country is very rich in biodiversity

The vast wetThe vast wet--lands, wide riverlands, wide river--fed systems, highfed systems, high

rainfall and warm temperature play a significant rolerainfall and warm temperature play a significant rolein the diversity of country’s ecosystemin the diversity of country’s ecosystem

Based on rainfall Bangladesh can be stratified intoBased on rainfall Bangladesh can be stratified into

three zones. Areas receiving average rainfallthree zones. Areas receiving average rainfallbetween 1,500 to 2000 mm, 2000 to 3,000 mm, andbetween 1,500 to 2000 mm, 2000 to 3,000 mm, and

more than 3,000 mm.more than 3,000 mm.







main rivers and rivermain rivers and river--basinsbasins

GangesGanges

Tista Brahmaputra

Jamuna Jamuna

Brahmaputra

Surma

Garai

Padma

PadmaMeghna

Arial Khan Meghna Halda

Karnaphuli

Kaptai

Lake



none of the major rivers of Bangladesh originates within its ternone of the major rivers of Bangladesh originates within its territoryritory

country has five major river systemscountry has five major river systems --

i.i. the Ganges orthe Ganges or PadmaPadma and its deltaic streamsand its deltaic streamsii.ii. thethe MeghnaMeghna and theand the SurmaSurma river systemriver system

iii.iii. thethe JamunaJamuna and its adjoining channelsand its adjoining channels

iv.iv. the North Bengal riversthe North Bengal rivers

v.v. the rivers of thethe rivers of the ChittagongChittagong Hill Tracts and the adjoining plainsHill Tracts and the adjoining plains

the Ganges River system is divided into two segments, the Gangesthe Ganges River system is divided into two segments, the Ganges andand

thethe PadmaPadma

thethe MeghnaMeghna river is the union of theriver is the union of the SylhetSylhet--SurmaSurma andand KusiyaraKusiyararivers. therivers. the JamunaJamuna and its adjoining channels span a large area fromand its adjoining channels span a large area from

northnorth--central Bangladesh to thecentral Bangladesh to the MeghnaMeghna River in the southeastRiver in the southeast

TheThe TistaTista is the most important water carrier of northis the most important water carrier of north--westernwesternBangladesh that meets theBangladesh that meets the JamunaJamuna

TheThe FeniFeni, the, the KarnaphuliKarnaphuli, the, the SanguSangu, and the, and the MatamuhariMatamuhari are the fourare the four

main rivers that constitute the river system of themain rivers that constitute the river system of the ChittagongChittagong Hills andHills andthe adjoining plains of Bangladeshthe adjoining plains of Bangladesh





the famous manthe famous man--mademade KaptaiKaptai lake (680 sq. km) formed by damminglake (680 sq. km) formed by damming

thethe KarnaphuliKarnaphuli river, home of many aquatic species and wild life.river, home of many aquatic species and wild life.

from the view point of aquatic biodiversity it is a very importafrom the view point of aquatic biodiversity it is a very importantnt

lake in Bangladeshlake in Bangladesh



Water area and speciesWater area and species

Inland waters:Inland waters:

4.31 million ha4.31 million ha (260 freshwater fish sp., 12(260 freshwater fish sp., 12

exotic sp. and 24 prawn species.).exotic sp. and 24 prawn species.). TotalTotalproduction 0.827 million tonsproduction 0.827 million tons (67% capture(67% capture

fishery and 33% culture fishery)fishery and 33% culture fishery)

Coastal waters:Coastal waters:2.61 million ha2.61 million ha

Marine waters:Marine waters:1.66 million km1.66 million km22 (475 marine fish sp. and 36(475 marine fish sp. and 36

shrimp sp.)shrimp sp.)



Waterbodies haPond and ditches 241,500

Ox bow lakes or baors 5,488

Coastal shrimp farms 141,353Total closed waters 388,341

Water Resources for Inland Aquaculture



Extent of different type of habitats Extent of different type of habitats

Types of water body Area (ha)

a) Inland open waters

1. Rivers (during dry season)

The Ganges 27,165

The Padma 42,325

The Jamuna 73,666

The Meghna (upper) 33,592

The Meghna (lower) 40,407

Other rivers and canals 262,580

479,735

2. Estuarine area 551,828

3. Beels and haors 114,161

4. Kaptai Lake 68,800

5. Inundated flood plains (seasonal) 5,486,609

6,221,398

b) Closed waters

1. Ponds and tanks 146,890

2. Baors (ox-bow lakes) 5,488

3. Brakish water farms 108,000

260,378

c) Marine waters

1. Exclusive economic zones 70,000 km2



resource Potential of Freshwater Aquacultureresource Potential of Freshwater Aquaculture

1. Open inland waters1. Open inland waters : 4,492,316 ha: 4,492,316 ha

BeelsBeels andand haorshaors : 114,161: 114,161

Rivers and EstuariesRivers and Estuaries : 1,031,563: 1,031,563

KaptaiKaptai lakelake : 68,800: 68,800

Flood plainFlood plain : 2,832,792: 2,832,792

Polder/ Polder/ EncloserEncloser : 876,000: 876,000

2. Closed waters2. Closed waters : 361,841: 361,841

Pond and ditchesPond and ditches : 215,000: 215,000

OxOx--bow lakes orbow lakes or baorsbaors : 5,488: 5,488

Coastal aquaculture (Shrimp farm)Coastal aquaculture (Shrimp farm)

: 141,353: 141,353



0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

F i

s h p r o d u c

t i o n ( m . t )

19801980 19851985 19901990 19951995 20002000

120,000144,723

YearYear

210,993

379,087

649,092

gradual development in freshwater aquaculturegradual development in freshwater aquaculture



40%40%

21%21%

39%39%

Open water (capture)Open water (capture)

Closed water (culture)Closed water (culture)Marine waterMarine water

contribution of different subcontribution of different sub--sectors tosectors to

total production (1999total production (1999--2000)2000)





Contribution of Different SpeciesContribution of Different SpeciesFish groupFish group % contribution% contribution

Major carpMajor carp 21.8821.88Exotic carpExotic carp 9.649.64

Other carpOther carp 0.310.31

Cat fishCat fish 2.242.24Snake headSnake head 2.842.84

Live fishLive fish 4.054.05

Other inland fishOther inland fish 27.0827.08

ShrimpShrimp 9.299.29

HilsaHilsa 13.8213.82

Other marine fishOther marine fish 8.848.84



export of fish and fish products from Bangladeshexport of fish and fish products from Bangladesh

0

15000

30000

45000

1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-

2000Year

Q u a n t i t y ( M T )

YearYear



world fish productionorld fish productionorld fish production



fish production: comparison between Asia and othersfish production: comparison between Asia and others

m i l l i o n ( M

T )



fisheries contributionfisheries contribution

in GDP: 4.7 %in agricultural income : 14.0 %

in export earning: 12.0 %

in protein : 6.0%

in animal protein: 80.0 %

permanent fishermen/women: 1.4 million(0.76 million freshwater and 0.52 million marine)



Contribution of FisheriesFISHERMENFISHERMEN : 1,280,000: 1,280,000

i) Inland Fishermeni) Inland Fishermen : 770,000: 770,000

ii) Marine Fishermenii) Marine Fishermen : 510,000: 510,000

FISH FARMERSFISH FARMERS : 3.08 million: 3.08 million

i) Fish Farmersi) Fish Farmers : 1.93 million: 1.93 million

ii) Shrimp Farmersii) Shrimp Farmers : 1.15 million: 1.15 million

FISHERIES IN GDPFISHERIES IN GDPi) Fisheries Value in the GDPi) Fisheries Value in the GDP :: Tk Tk . 103 billions (. 103 billions (AppxAppx.).)

ii) Contribution to GDPii) Contribution to GDP : 3.4%: 3.4%

FISH INTAKE & DEMANDFISH INTAKE & DEMANDi) Per capita Annual Fish Intakei) Per capita Annual Fish Intake : 12.04 kg.: 12.04 kg.

ii) Per Capita Annual Fish neededii) Per Capita Annual Fish needed : 18.0 kg.: 18.0 kg.

iii) Annual Total Fish Demandiii) Annual Total Fish Demand : 2.3 million: 2.3 million mtmt..

iv) Contribution to Animal Protein Supplyiv) Contribution to Animal Protein Supply : 63 %: 63 %



Biodiversity of aquatic animals Biodiversity of aquatic animals

Shrimp FM 56

Crabs M 11

F 4Lobsters M 6

Molluscs F 26

M 301

Fish F 260F 13 exotic

M 475

Frogs F 10

Turtle and Tortoise F 24

M 4

SpeciesAnimal groups HabitatCrocodiles F 1

M 1

Ghorial F 1Snakes F 6

M 18

Birds FM 200

Otters FM 3Whale M 3

Porpoise F 1

Dolphin F 1

M 8

SpeciesAnimal groups Habitat

FF: Freshwater &: Freshwater & MM: Marine: Marine



among theamong the molluscsmolluscs 10 are pearl10 are pearl--bearingbearing

bivalvesbivalves

among the turtle and tortoise 25 are edibleamong the turtle and tortoise 25 are edible

crabscrabs -- Scylla Scylla serrata serrata (Giant mud crab),(Giant mud crab),Portunus Portunus pelagics pelagics andand P.P. sanguinolentus sanguinolentus areare

commercially very importantcommercially very important

lobsterslobsters -- Panulirus Panulirus polyphagus polyphagus andand Scyllarus Scyllarus nearctus nearctus are abundantly available in theare abundantly available in the

waters of St. Martin Island andwaters of St. Martin Island and TeknafTeknaf andand

have a very high commercial valuehave a very high commercial value

7 species of squids and 2 species of7 species of squids and 2 species of cuttlecuttle fishfish

are also very importantare also very important



fish biodiversity in Bangladeshfish biodiversity in Bangladesh

t h e m aj o r d o m i n an t f i sh g r o u p s ar e t h e m aj o r d o m i n an t f i sh g r o u p s ar e

1.1. Indian major carpsIndian major carps

2.2. Large catfishesLarge catfishes3.3. Minor carpsMinor carps

4.4. Small catfishesSmall catfishes

5.5. River shadsRiver shads6.6. Snake headsSnake heads

7.7. Freshwater eelsFreshwater eels

8.8. Feather backsFeather backs9.9. RaysRays

10.10. ParchesParches

11.11. LoachesLoaches12.12. AnchoviesAnchovies

13.13. GobiesGobies

14.14. Glass fishesGlass fishes15.15. MulletsMullets

16.16. Minnows and barbsMinnows and barbs

17.17. PompfratesPompfrates18.18. FloundersFlounders



status of fish biodiversitystatus of fish biodiversitystatus of fish biodiversity

recent studies have shown that the number ofrecent studies have shown that the number offreshwater species have been gradually decliningfreshwater species have been gradually declining

some species have become locally extinctsome species have become locally extinct there was a greater reduction in diversity ofthere was a greater reduction in diversity of

migratory fishes than resident onesmigratory fishes than resident ones

about 12 fish species includingabout 12 fish species including mohasholemohashole,,

nandinanandina,, chengcheng,, gochigochi andand gozargozar are beingare being

considered as endangered/threatened due to theirconsidered as endangered/threatened due to their

gradual disappearance from the water bodiesgradual disappearance from the water bodies



many fish species once abundant have nowmany fish species once abundant have nowbecome rare, such asbecome rare, such as --

Group Scientific name Local name Labeo gonius Gonia

Labeo nandina NandinaCirrhina reba Bata

Puntius sarana Sarputi

Tor tor Mohashol

Tor putitora Mohasher Pangasius pangasius Pangus

Mystus cavasisus Gulsa tengra

Batasio tengra Tengra

Ompok pabda Modhu pabda Ailia coilia Bashpata

Ompok bimaculatus Boli pabda

Ailichthys punctata Kajali

Carp

Catfish

Group Scientific name Local name Botia daryo Rani

Lepidocephalus guntea Gutum Macrognathus aculeatus Tara baim

Mastacembelus pancalus Chirka

Nandus nandus Meni/bheda

Badis badis Napit koiColisa fasciata Khalisa

Colisa lalius Lal khalisa

Chanda nama Lamba chanda

Chanda ranga Lal chandaMullet Rhinomugil corsula Khorolla

Loach

Spiny eel

Parch

Gauramy

Parchlet

Documents

Aquatic Biodi Status of Bangladesh