AQUACULTURE RESEARCH AQUACULTURE RESEARCH ISSUES, OPPORTUNITIES ISSUES, OPPORTUNITIES

AND CURRENT AND CURRENT PRIORITIES IN INDONESIAPRIORITIES IN INDONESIA

Ketut SugamaResearch Center for Aquaculture

Agency for Marine and Fisheries ResearchMMAF

Market size fish Broodstock

Eggs/HatchingFingerling/Fry

Larvi Culture Tech:• Biological dev’t• Early feeding• Feeding regime• Rearing manag.

Fish Breeding Tech:• Domestication• Maturation• Spawning• Selective breeding

Post Harvest Tech:• Quality assurance• Value added

Fish Farming Tech:• Good aq. practice• Health manag.• Feed manag.• Site Selection & • Holding systems

Nursery Tech:• Quality indicator• Vaccine dev’t• Biol. detection early diseases

CURRENT RESEARCH ACTIVITIES

Milkfish,Travely,Common carpCatfish,Gouramy,MacrobrachiumCerax sp.Abalone/OysterOthers ..

Shrimp, Grouper,Sea bassTuna, Seaweed, Tilapia, Pearl oyster, Exotic fish,Crabs

MAIN CULTURED SPECIES

Research Research Issues/NeedsIssues/Needs

An important area that An important area that requires requires

further research could be further research could be

grouped into five:grouped into five:Breeding and genetic Breeding and genetic improvementimprovement

Health management (effectively Health management (effectively combat emerging diseases)combat emerging diseases)

Feed development (quality, safe Feed development (quality, safe feeds and efficient)feeds and efficient)

Environmental managementEnvironmental management

Holding systems developmentHolding systems development

Wild caughtWild caught seed seed

Wild caughtWild caught broodstock broodstock

Captive bredCaptive bred broodstock broodstock

>2 generations>2 generationsCaptive bredCaptive bred

GeneticGeneticManagementManagement..

GeneticGeneticImprovementImprovement

PRESENT STATUS OF RESEARCH FOR FISH BREEDING

Broodstock ImprovementBroodstock ImprovementResearch is focus on production ofgood quality of seeds

Where genetically Where genetically clean (SPF), clean (SPF), Strong or Healthy Strong or Healthy Fast growing and Fast growing and resistant to resistant to diseases (SPR)diseases (SPR)Linkage gene for marker assist selection

What genetic issues What genetic issues should we be taking into should we be taking into

account?account?Maintaining and improving culture performanceMaintaining and improving culture performance– Strain selection (up to 60% difference best-worst)Strain selection (up to 60% difference best-worst)– Harvesting genetic variation at the beginning of domesticationHarvesting genetic variation at the beginning of domestication– Managing genetic variation during and after domesticationManaging genetic variation during and after domestication– Ultimately exploiting genetic variation through selective Ultimately exploiting genetic variation through selective

breeding and other genetics based technologiesbreeding and other genetics based technologies

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Managing environmental impact (genetic Managing environmental impact (genetic pollution)pollution)– The potential impact of translocations and genetic The potential impact of translocations and genetic

changes during domestication on natural genetic changes during domestication on natural genetic diversitydiversity

– Genetic technologies to monitor and minimize impactGenetic technologies to monitor and minimize impact

DiseasesDiseasesResearch focus on:Development of molecular probe for early detection and a rapid respond of viral diseases such as: WSSV,TSV,IHHNV, IMNV, NHPV, VNN, Irido virus.Cost-effective method of controlling certain infectious diseasesDevelopment of Probiotic and Vaccine (No antibiotic use)Development of standards health management

FeedsFeeds

Research focus on:Develop appropriate feed substitute/supplements for fish meal and live feed for hatchery produced fry/juvenile/ Grow-outDeveloping species-specific Broodstock diets that allow complete domestication and maximal reproductive and larval qualityBetter understanding of larval nutritional requirements, in order to develop suitable compound diets, which will further reduce the need for live food (Artemia)

Maggot

Maturation pellet

ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

Research Focus on: Site selection. Land capability assessment

and classification for suitable pond based and cages

aquaculture system

Develop reliable monitoring and management tools of

aquaculture environment (Planning Tool)

Promote the application of environmentally friendly aquaculture technology to remediate deterioration in water quality due to intensification.

In CBF, comprehensive and quantitative assessment of

environmental risks and impact of enhancements in

relation to complete watersheds

Holding SystemHolding System

Develop close-Develop close-recirculation recirculation system hatchery system hatchery for producing of for producing of clean, healthy clean, healthy and strong and strong seedsseedsDesign cages Design cages for offshore for offshore marine finfishmarine finfish

OPPORTUNITIESOPPORTUNITIESTo identifying opportunities, is useful to see

six general development trends of aquaculture in

Indonesia:1. Continuing in/ex-tensification of aquaculture production2. Continuing diversification of species use3. Continuing diversification of production system and

practices4. Increasing influence of markets, trade and consumers5. Enhancing regulation and improving governance6. Increasing attention on better management practices

In support of the above trends four areas of opportunities

have been identified:a. Application of innovative capacity enhancement programb. Search for new technologiesc. Development of new aquatic products, markets and

integration into eco- tourism sectord. Development of new financial product

CURRENT PRIORITYCURRENT PRIORITY

R & D is based on the principles of :“farmer participatory research” or “farmer first and last research”

Participatory research: involves small, resource-poor farmers to generate or adapt appropriate technology on farm

Best Aquaculture Practices for shrimp

Sustainable Technology– Low water exchange

system– Closed pond system– Zero water exchange

(Heterotrophic -bacteria floc) system

Environmental Friendly-- Reservoirs – Sedimentations– No chemicals or anti-

biotics– Mangrove conservationStrict Bio-security TraceabilityIntegrated system (Social & Technical)

RESEARCH PRIORITY

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MAS (marker assisted selection)

the a-marker is linked the QTL (high growth-rate)

ThanksThanks