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Aquaculture feeds & rendered products:Aquaculture feeds & rendered products: global outlook & future prospects
Albert G.J. Tacon PhD. 1,2
NRA Aquaculture & AquaFeed Consultant
Visiting Professor & Technical Director
1Insituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, University Autonoma de Baja California,
22800 Ensenada, Baja California Norte, México
2 Aquatic Farms Ltd, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744 USA
Total global capture fisheries & aquaculture production (FAO, 2010)The aquaculture sector has been the fastest growing food
d h ld f h !
90
100Million tonnes
90.8 MtCAPTURE FISHERIES
production sector in the world for the past 25 years!2008static
70
80
902.7% APR
68 3 Mt
50
60
70 68.3 Mt 8.4% APR
US $ 106
30
40billion
10
20
AQUACULTURE
01950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2008
The rapid growth of fed aquaculture production has been due in part to the market availability of feed inputs or commercial aquafeeds
90
10090.8 Mt
CAPTURE FISHERIES1989 2008static
Million tonnes
70
80
902.7% APR
68 3 Mt
50
60
70 68.3 Mt 8.4% APR
US $ 106
30
40billion
10
20
AQUACULTURE
01950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2008
Total commercial aquafeed production was 29.3 million tonnes (Mt) in 2008, expected to rise to
35.3 Mt by 2010, 50.9 Mt by 2015, and 70.8 Mt by 2020
4 49%Freshwater crustaceans
2008 species production4.49%
Shrimp
Fed carpShrimpil i
9.14 Mt5.06 Mt3 95 Mt
2008 species production
Fed carp 31.25%
17.28%Shrimp Tilapia
CatfishMarine fishSalmon
3.95 Mt3.00 Mt2.42 Mt2 04 Mt
1 94%1.38%
8.26%
Tilapia
Marine fish
Eels
SalmonFW crustaceansTroutMilkfish
2.04 Mt1.31 Mt880 Tt568 Tt13.49%
10.26%6.99%3.01%
1.94%
Catfish
T t
MilkfishMilkfishMisc FW fishEels
568 Tt480 Tt403 Tt
1.64%Misc freshwater fish
SalmonTrout
Source: Tacon (2010)
35 000
Estimated production of compound aquafeeds 1995‐2008
C d f d d ti 284% i 1995
30,000
35,000
nnes)
Compound aquafeed production up 284% since 1995Mean APR 1995 to 2008 – 10.9%/yearTotal estimated production in 2008 ‐ 29.3 Mt
20,000
25,000
ousand
ton
If this growth is to be sustained then feed ingredient and feed input supply must grow at a similar rate
10,000
15,000
duction (tho
0
5,000Prod
01995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Fed carp Tilapia CatfishesMisc Freshwater fishes Salmon TroutMisc Freshwater fishes Salmon TroutMilkfish Eels Marine fishShrimp Freshwater crustaceans Source: Tacon (2010)
Top 10 country producers of commercial aquaculture feeds Country Production estimate (tonnes) China (2008) Vietnam (2008/2009) Thailand (2008/2009)
13,000,000 – 15,000,0001,625,000 – 2,800,000
1 210 327 1 445 829Thailand (2008/2009)Norway (2008/2010) Indonesia (2008/2009)
1,210,327 – 1,445,8291,136,800 – 1,382,000 1,030,000 – 1,184,500( / )
Chile (2008) USA (2008)
, , , , 883,305 – 1,050,000 700,000 – 750,000
Japan (2008) Philippines (2007) Taiwan (2007)
500,000400,000 – 450,000
345 054Taiwan (2007) 345,054
Total global compound feed production – 2009(Million tonnes: Peter Best – pers com. March 2010)
28 Mt 4 0%
“
212 Mt 30 0%
177 Mt
4.0%
30.0%
290 Mt 41 0%
25.0%
PigPoultry
41.0%y
RuminantOther
Total compound animal feed production in 2009 was 708 million tonnes with production up 20% since708 million tonnes with production up 20% since 1995 & growing with an average APR of 1.3%/year
AQUATICAQUATIC ANIMAL
PROTEIN MEALS &MEALS &
LIPIDSLAND
ANIMAL OILSEED
MEALS, PULSES PROTEIN MEALS &
FATS
,& OILS 40
essential nutrients
CEREALS INCLUDING
BY PRODUCTMICROBIAL
nutrients
… all nutrientBY-PRODUCT
MEALS & OILS
FEED INGREDIENTS
nutrient sources …
Major raw materials used in compound aquafeeds
NUTRIENT SOURCES FROM FISHING ACTIVITIES
Direction of global production of major nutrient sources
AQUATIC ANIMAL PROTEIN MEALS
NUTRIENT SOURCES FROM FISHING ACTIVITIES
& LIPIDSLAND
ANIMAL OILSEED
MEALS, PULSES PROTEIN MEALS &
FATS
,& OILS 40
essential nutrients
CEREALS INCLUDING
BY PRODUCTMICROBIAL
nutrients
BY-PRODUCT MEALS & OILS
FEED INGREDIENTS
NUTRIENT SOURCES FROM AGRICULTURAL FARMING ACTIVITIES
World Fishmeal Production ‐ 2003 to 2010 (Forecast)
6.00
7.00
4 904.975.165.26
6.076.45
5.605.58
in Million Tonnes
4.00
5.004.504.904.97
Other countries
China
Thailand
2.00
3.00
Vietnam
EU‐27
Iceland
Norway
0.00
1.00
Norway
U.S.A.
Mexico
ChilePERU
Yr 2010 (F)
Yr 2009Yr 2008Yr 2007Yr 2006Yr 2005Yr 2004Yr 2003Avge 04‐08
Source:
World Fish Oil Production ‐ 2003 to 2010 (Forecast) in MT
1000
1200
99910351053973976
1128
10031028Series13
800810
Oth countries
Other EU
Denmark
I l d
400
600 Iceland
Norway
Morocco
Japan
0
200
Japan
U.S.A
Mexico
Chile0
Yr 2010 (F)
Yr 2009Yr 2008Yr 2007Yr 2006Yr 2005Yr 2004Yr 2003Avge 03‐08
Source: Fish Oil & Meal World
AQUACULTURE - FISH MEAL USE – 200810121000
1200At present the
aquaculture sector is 3,813,000 mt (3,079,000 t; IFFO estimate)
749
552
274400
600
800
1000 qthe largest global consumer of
274 238 237 210 201 158 15428
0
200 fishmeal, fish oil & low value fish
over 60% of global
AQUACULTURE FISH OIL USE 2008307
350
‐ over 60% of global fishmeal production‐over 80% globalAQUACULTURE - FISH OIL USE – 2008
774,000 mt (796,000 t; IFFO estimate)
169132150
200
250
300over 80% global
fish oil production
132101
20 20 19 60
50
100
150
5 year annual average prices for fishmeal and fish oil
1400
5 YEAR RUNNING AVERAGE PRICES FOR FISHMEAL AND FISH OIL
US$/Metric Ton delivered Europe
y g pAnthony P Bimbo (2010)
•
1000
1200
$ pSource : ISTA Mielke GmbH, Hamburg, Internet: www.oilworld.de
600
800
400
600
0
200
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20101991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Fishmeal Fish Oil
Estimated dietary fishmeal inclusion levels 1995 to 2008
0 45
30
35
40
45
50Salmon
30
35
40
45Trout
10
15
20
25
30
10
15
20
25
0
5
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
0
5
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
50
60
70Eel
40
50
60Marine fish
20
30
40
10
20
30
0
10
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
0
10
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Estimated dietary fishmeal inclusion levels 1995 to 2008
12 12
8
10
12
Fed carps
8
10
12
Tilapia
2
4
6
2
4
6
0
2
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
0
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
10
12
14Catfishes
40
50
60Misc freshwater fishes
4
6
8
10
20
30
0
2
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
0
10
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Estimated dietary fishmeal inclusion levels 1995 to 2008
16 30
10
12
14
16Milkfish
20
25
30Shrimp
4
6
8
5
10
15
0
2
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
0
5
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
20
25
30Freshwater crustaceans
5
10
15
0
5
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
LAND ANIMAL
PROTEIN MEALS & FATS
- Poultry by-product meals and fats: produced from slaughtered farmed poultry and includes poultry by product meal turkey meal feather mealpoultry, and includes poultry by-product meal, turkey meal, feather meal, chick hatchery waste, and poultry fat;
- Meat by-product meals and fats: produced from slaughtered farmedMeat by product meals and fats: produced from slaughtered farmed livestock (cattle, pig, sheep etc), and includes meat and bone meal, meat meal, meat solubles, and lard/tallow;
- Blood by-product meals: produced from slaughtered farmed livestock (ruminant and monogastric), and includes blood meal, haemoglobin meal, and dried plasma products;
- Miscellaneous invertebrate terrestrial products: produced from wild harvested and/or cultured annelid worms, insect larvae/pupae.
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION – nutrient recycling
Land animal by-product meals and fats represent the largest source of
LAND ANIMAL PROTEINS & FATSy p p g
feed grade animal protein & lipid available to the animal feed industry
For example, according to Mark Jekanowski (2010) the rendering industry in the US in 2010 collected & processed:industry in the US in 2010 collected & processed:
46 billion pounds of animal by-products1 5 + billion pounds of restaurant grease1.5 + billion pounds of restaurant grease1 + billion pounds of butcher scraps
U.S. generated: 5 illi t f5 million tonnes of protein meals and 10 billion pounds of fats & greases in 2010g
Globally: 20-25 mmt of rendered products
Mark Jekanowski (2010):
PROCESSED US ANIMAL PROTEIN MEALS( )
Estimated US protein meal breakdown by major species:
Poultry by-product meal: 32%Feather meal: 16%Ruminant MBM: 22%Mi d MBM 18%Mixed MBM: 18%Porcine MBM: 8%Ruminant blood meal: 3%Porcine blood meal: 1%Porcine blood meal: 1%
Estimated US protein meal markets:Poultry feed: 41%Pet food: 20%Exports: 19%Cattle: 6%Pi 6%Pig: 6%Other: 6%Fish food: 2% (100,000 tonnes)
Reported terrestrial animal protein meal & oil use in 2008/2009 (FAO global survey)in 2008/2009 (FAO global survey)
Ingredient Salmon1 Trout2 Marine fish3 Shrimp4 Catfish5
P lt BM 10 30% 5 30% 10 30% 2 30% 2 4%Poultry BM 10‐30% 5‐30% 10‐30% 2‐30% 2‐4%
Hyd. Feather M. 5‐12% 5‐20% ‐ 5‐10% ‐
Blood Meal 1‐8% 1‐8% 1‐10% ‐ ‐
Meat Meal 10‐30% 10‐30% 10‐30% 2‐30% ‐
Poultry Oil 1‐15% 1‐15% 1‐10% ‐ ‐1Australia, Canada, Chile; 2Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile, Mexico; 3Australia, USA;
Ingredient Tilapia6 Carp7 FW crayfish8
l
Australia, Canada, Chile; Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile, Mexico; Australia, USA; 4Australia, Mexico, Nicaragua, USA; 5Mexico, USA?;
Meat & Bone Meal 5‐10% 5‐10% ‐
Meal Meal ‐ ‐ 10‐30%
Poultry Oil 2‐4% ‐ ‐
Blood Meal ‐ ‐ 1‐5
6Egypt, Mexico; 7Egypt; 8Australia
Estimated global use of terrestrial animal protein meals g p& oils as dietary nutrient sources
Globally: 20-25 mmt of rendered products
• Estimated total usage of terrestrial animal by‐product meals and oils within compound aquafeeds was b t 250 000 d 500 000 t l thbetween 250,000 and 500,000 tonnes or less than 1‐2% of total global commercial aquafeed feed production of 29 3 million tonnesproduction of 29.3 million tonnes
• Clearly there is considerable room for further growth• Clearly there is considerable room for further growth and expansion for the increased use of these products
China Aquafeed Industry Review
China produced 14.5 MMT complete aquafeeds and 0.2MMT premixes
Corn5%
S b l WheatOtherSoybean meal
17%Wheat
0%Fishmeal
4%
27%
Cottonseed & other meal
12%
Rapeseed meal
Wheat & Rice bran and other
20%
Meat & Bone Meal1% Rapeseed meal
14%20%1%
2010 Spring Meeting2010 Spring MeetingOct 2009‐Apr 2010Cincinnati, Apr 28, 2010
AQUATIC ANIMAL
PROTEIN MEALS &
LIPIDSLAND
ANIMALLIPIDS ANIMAL PROTEIN MEALS &
FATS
OILSEED MEALS, PULSES
& OILS
CEREAL BY-PRODUCT
MEALS
FATSMICROBIAL
FEED INGREDIENTS40& OILS 40
essential nutrients
We need to be able to use ALL of the above listed feed ingredient sources: and in particular those feed-gradeg p g
ingredient sources that can be sustainably produced and keep pace with the growth of the aquaculture sector
Einar Wathne (2010)
Einar Wathne (2010)
Einar Wathne (2010)
Summary of activities since March 2010 as part-time consultant
12 oral presentations to aquaculturist’s, feed manufacturers & policy makers in 10 countries (Belgium, Ecuador, France, Indonesia, Mexico, Norway, Peru, Philippines, Thailand, USA) dealing with the use of y, , pp , , ) grendered animal byproducts in aquafeeds, including the following major aquaculture/policy meetings:
- EU Parliament Intergroup on climate change, biodiversity & sustainable development (Brussels, March 2010)- OECD International Conference on Advancing the aquacultureOECD International Conference on Advancing the aquaculture agenda: policies to ensure a sustainable aquaculture future (Paris, April 2010)- IFIF/FAO Global Feed & Food Congress (Cancun, April 2010 – Sergio)g ( , p g )- AquaVision Aquaculture Business Conference (Stavanger, June 2010)- FAO/NACA Global Conference on Aquaculture (Phuket, Sept 2010)- National Symposium on Aquaculture Biotechnology (Bogor, Oct 2010)- XII Ecuador Aquaculture Congress & Expo (Guayaquil, Oct 2010)
Expert Panel Presentation 1.3:
Aquaculture feeds:addressing the long term sustainable of the sector
Presented by Dr. Albert G.J. TaconPresented by Dr. Albert G.J. Tacon
Summary of activities since March 2010 as part-time consultant
6 papers published dealing with the use of rendered animal byproducts in compound aquafeeds, including:
Welch, A., R. Hoenig, J. Stieglitz, D. Benetti, A. Tacon, N. Sims & B.O’Hanlon. (2010). From fishing to the sustainable farming of carnivorous marine finfish. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 18:235‐247.Reviews in Fisheries Science, 18:235 247.
Tacon, A.G.J. (2010). Aquaculture: a catch for all? Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD), OECD Observer, No. 278, March 2010. http://www.oecdobserver.org/news/fullstory.php/aid/3230/.
Tacon, A.G.J., M. Metian and S.S. De Silva. (2010). Climate change, food security and aquaculture: policy implications for ensuring the continued green growth and sustainable development of a much needed aquatic food sector, pp.52‐58. In: Advancing the aquaculture agenda. A Workshop organized by the OECD C itt f Fi h i h t d b th F h Mi i t f F d A i lt dCommittee for Fisheries hosted by the French Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Fisheries. 15‐16 April 2010, Paris, France.
Summary of activities since March 2010 as part-time consultant
6 papers published dealing with the use of rendered animal byproducts in compound aquafeeds, including:
Tacon, A.G.J., E.W. Cahyono., U. Sugema., C. Zaudjat & S. Nates. (2010). Replacement of fishmeal and marine proteins in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp using terrestrial land animal proteins. Aqua Culture Asia Pacific Magazine,shrimp using terrestrial land animal proteins. Aqua Culture Asia Pacific Magazine, 6(3):12‐17.
Tacon, A.G.J., E.W. Cahyono., U. Sugema., C. Zaudjat & S. Nates. (2010). Shrimp diets: replacing fish meal with animal proteins. Render, 39(4):10‐13.
Tacon, A.G.J., M. Metian & M.R. Hasan. (2009). Feed ingredients and fertilizers for farmed aquatic animals: sources and composition. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, No. 540. Rome, FAO. 209p.
FPRF sponsored shrimpshrimp feeding trials
Indonesia
trials
IndonesiaGISU‐III: July 3 – Sept 12, 2009
Summary of activities since March 2010 as part-time consultant
Consultancies for commercial aquaculture feed companies and i di t/ t i t li d li ith th i d f
Summary of activities since March 2010 as part time consultant
ingredient/nutrient suppliers dealing with the increased use of rendered animal by-products within compound aquafeeds for finfish and crustaceans, including companies in:
Brazil (finfish feed) – May 2010Indonesia (shrimp & finfish feeds) – Mar/Oct 2010M i ( h i & fi fi h f d ) A /A /S 2010Mexico (shrimp & finfish feeds) – Apr/Aug/Sep 2010Peru (shrimp & finfish feeds) – May/Oct 2010Philippines (shrimp & finfish feeds) - Mar/Sep 2010Thailand (shrimp & finfish feeds) Jun 2010Thailand (shrimp & finfish feeds) – Jun 2010
OPERACIÓN KINOHERMOSILLO 8 abr 2010 HILLO-KINO 2010
ingredientesharina de Calamar 50.00 lecitina de Soya 10.00 pasta de soya 200.00 Levadura de caña 10.00 harina de trigo (granel) 431.00 harina pescado 64% 80.00 Harina de Ave super prime 160.00 Lango Meal 20.00 Nucleo vitaminico 9.40
i d d /aceite de pescado / atun 30.00 1,000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
EXPERIMENTAL SHRIMP DIETS ‐ GISU IV ‐ INDONESIA
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
822
-22
--2
--2
--2
--2
--2
--2
--2
---
---
---
---
FishmealSquid mealKrill meal 2
1
15
21
23
21
20
21
25
21
30
21
205
21
20
21
20
21
20
-
30
-
2010
-
30
-
30
Krill mealFish oil
Poultry b-mealM & B meal -
--
---
---
---
---
5--
--5
--5
-2.5-
-1-
101.52.5
-1-
-1-
M & B mealBlood mealFeather meal
16
-
16
-
25
-
20
-
9
-
20
-
14
-
15
-
20
-
10
1
10
1
10
1
10
1
Soybean meal
Palm oil
.25
.16+
.25
.16+
.22-+
.19-+
.16-+
.22-+
.25
.22+
--+
.22-+
.22-+
.25--
.22--
.22--
MHALysineDCP
0.3
.65
0.3
.63
0.3
.60
0.3
.61
0.3
.62
0.3
.61
0.3
.61
0.3
.59
0.3
.61
0.3
.60
0.3
.60
0.3
.60
-
.59
Vits/mins
Price (US $/kg)
Food for Thought
We have a great story to tell – however, the term `Rendering’ & `Renderers’ is often viewed negatively by the public &
needs a more `greener’ or more positive spin
For example, a more realistic term to describe the activities of our
needs a more greener or more positive spin
sector & operations could be
Animal Protein & Fat Recycling PlantsAnimal Fats & Protein Recycling Plants etc…
IFFO – we can learn a lot from them –
WRO very important
International Diet Testing Laboratory
Aloha & thanks for your attention
International Diet Testing Laboratory
yUNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE BAJA CALIFORNIA
Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas
