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Aquaculture Dialogues, small-scale farmer engagement & market-led mechanisms towards sustainability Flavio Corsin SEAT Inception Meeting

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Aquaculture Dialogues, small-scale farmer

engagement &market-led mechanisms towards sustainability

Flavio Corsin

SEAT Inception Meeting

WWF’s Global Reach

Africa

Burundi

Cameroon

Cape Verde

Central African

Republic

Côte d'Ivoire

DR Congo

Ethiopia

Gabon

Kenya

Madagascar

Malawi

Mauritania

Morocco

Mozambique

Namibia

Niger

Rwanda

Senegal

South Africa

Tanzania

Tunisia

Uganda

Zambia

Zimbabwe

Latin America/

Caribbean

Argentina

Belize

Bolivia

Brazil

Chile

Colombia

Costa Rica

Cuba

Ecuador

French Guiana

Guatemala

Guyana

Honduras

Mexico

Nicaragua

Panama

Paraguay

Peru

Suriname

Venezuela

North America

Arctic

Canada

United States

Europe

Austria

Belgium

Bulgaria

Denmark

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

Italy

Latvia

Netherlands

Norway

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Russia

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

Turkey

UK

Ukraine

Asia

Armenia

Bhutan

Cambodia

China

India

Indonesia

Japan

Kazakhstan

Kyrgyzstan

Laos

Malaysia

Mongolia

Nepal

Pakistan

Philippines

Russia

Singapore

Tajikistan

Thailand

Turkey

Turkmenistan

United Arab

Emirates

Uzbekistan

Vietnam

Oceania

Cook Islands

Fiji Islands

New Zealand

Papua New

Guinea

Solomon

Islands

Why does WWF care about aquaculture?

Increasing demand for fisheries products (by 2030 we will need an additional 40 mil t)

Capture fisheries declining

Aquaculture can be the solution, if done in a responsible way

4

But aquaculture has impacts

Habitat conversion Waste/pollution

Fish Health Antibiotic & chemicals

Use fish resources Social & labor

……….

5

Solution

Standards for certifying aquaculture production

6

WWF has expertise to create standards

Rainforest Marketing – 1980s

Forest Stewardship Council – 1990s

Marine Stewardship Council – 1990s

Marine Aquarium Council – 1990s

Protected Harvest – 2000

Climate Savers - 2000s

New Program for IT Industry – 2007

Aquaculture Dialogues – 2000s

Work on the point of greatest leverage

Engage with top players

The Aquaculture Dialogues

Eight roundtables that include

more than 2,000 people working

to create standards for twelvespecies groups in the next year

•Pangasius

•Shrimp

•Tilapia

•Salmon

•Trout

•Seriola/Cobia

•Bivalves

•Abalone

The Big 3 in aquaculture certification

Aquaculture DialoguesAquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC)

Global Aquaculture Alliance

GLOBALGAP

74%

18%

8%

111111

Process

Global initiative

Multi-stakeholder

Open and inclusive

Transparent

Based on sound science

Measurable standards

Consensus-based

ISEAL member

12

Objectives of the Dialogues

Develop environmental and social performance-based standards

Measurably reduce the critical impacts of aquaculture

Help strengthen the economic viability of aquaculture

9

Focus on environmental and social issues

Food Safety

Environment

Economics

Social issues

14

Lead to a performance shrift in the whole industry

Performance Curve

Regulation

Performance

Shift

Best

Performance

Best

Performance

Performance

Shift

Pangasius Aquaculture Dialogue

PAD will help transform aquaculture

Objective: develop standards for pangasiusproduction (environmental & social)

All production systems: ponds, cages, pens

2 species: Pangasianodon hypophthalmus & Pangasius bocourti (later maybe more)

Started in Sept 2007

17

But aquaculture has impacts

Habitat conversion Waste/pollution

Fish Health Antibiotic & chemicals

Use fish resources Social & labor

……….

18

Addressing impacts

Habitat conversion Waste/pollution

Only agri land… % change limits…

Fish Health Antibiotic & chemicals

Max % mortality… No critical AB (humans)

Use fish resources Social & labor

Fish in - fish out… ILO and more…

……….

Farmers & academia key players

Stakeholders develop standards

Process Facilitation Group

7 Technical Working Groups

Participants at previous Dialogue meetings (4 to date)

Public Comments

1st: 143 people; 100 pages of comments!

2nd: ongoing

>400 people actively involved in the process

A hundred of small-scale farmers from VN and Bangladesh

PAD standards finalised in March 2010!

Shrimp Aquaculture Dialogue

Consortium provides the foundation

1999: WWF joined FAO, NACA & WB (then UNEP) in the Consortium Program on Shrimp Farming & the Environment

40 case studies by 120 researchers

140 meetings with a total of 8,000 people

Developed “International Principles for Responsible Shrimp Farming”

The consortium identified key impacts

Conversion of natural ecosystems, particularly mangroves

Salt water seeping into groundwater and onto farmland

Depletion of pelagic fish for shrimp feed

Pollution of coastal waters due to pond effluents

Biodiversity issues arising from collection of wild brood and seed

Outbreak of diseases

Social conflicts

23

The consortium developed principles

Principle 1: Farm sitting

Principle 2: Design and construction

Principle 3: Water use

Principle 4: Broodstock and post larvae

Principle 5: Feed management

Principle 6: Health management

Principle 7: Food safety

Principle 8: Social responsibility

24

ShAD is approaching final stage

Builds on the Principles: develop standards

Started in 2007

150 entities (NGOs, producers, academia, etc.)

Global Steering Committee & 3 regional SC

Held 5 dialogue meetings worldwide : Madagascar (x2), Belize, Ecuador, Thailand

First public period comment expected to start Feb/Mar 2010

Next Dialogue meeting expected in Jakarta in March 2010

25

ShAD standards finalised within 2010

Small scale farmers are actively engaged

Thailand & India

In partnership with NACA, NaCSA & retailer

Input collected from producers

Draft standards field tested before and during public comments

Vietnam

Coordinated by WWF

Promote BMPs & farmer groups

Collect data/input from producers

New WWF Denmark project (2009-2011)

Field test standards before & during public comments

Develop traceability

Market products (importer/retailer involvement)

26

Addressing off-farm social impacts

Work with World Fish Center/Mike Phillips to draft off-farm social standards to be proposed to ShAD GSC (and other AD)

Focus: small-scale, agriculture farmers, local authorities, gender

First results available soon

Plan to conduct PRA of directly impacted stakeholders (same as for Pangasius Aquaculture Dialogue)

27

Tilapia Aquaculture Dialogue

Standards completed &

available for certification!

The Future of the Dialogues

30

Aquaculture Dialogue Standards - Timeline

Pangasius ……………... March 2010

Bivalves……………….… Q2 2010

Abalone ………………… Q2 2010

Shrimp …………………. Q3 2010

Salmon …………………. Q3 2010

Freshwater trout ………. Q3 2010

There will be regular standard revisions (TAD

etc.)

Aquaculture Stewardship Council

The ASC will own the Aquaculture Dialogue standards & work with

independent and accredited certification bodies to certify farms that adopt the Dialogue standards

Expected by 2011

ASC standard implementation

Support from several organisations

GTZ/IDH/Anova PPP program on pangasius

IDH support to shrimp and tilapia

Key retailers/buyers request compliance by suppliers

Several WWF projects

New dialogues?

Feed dialogue?

Other species?

Macrobrachium

Barramundi

Seabass/seabream

Cod

African catfish

Groupers

Market-driven efforts towards sustainability

Better Management Practices & sustainability

BMP are practices that target:

Environment protection

Improved shrimp health/production

Improved food safety

Socio-economic sustainability

Designed primarily for small-scale farmers, although possible for any scale

Reduced disease risk is the main incentive

Several successful projects

BMP to respond to market demands?

Drugs

Chemicals

Safety

Shrimp

Health

EarningsSocio-economics

investment

Environment

Yield

Biomass

Should I buy

these

shrimp?

Buyers demands are diverse

Also others (niche): e.g. organic, fairtrade

Phased in approach: BMP to ShAD

Food safety

Bilateral/CODEX

Own requirements

GLOBALGAP

GAA

GFSI

Sustainability

ShAD/ASC/guides

GLOBALGAP

GAA

Own requirements

Nothing

Dominate the sector, especially in Asia

Challenges

Limited awareness (sustainability?)

Limited capacity (financial, technical..)

Complexities in legality (eg follow plans…)

Poor infrastructures

Limited access to market info (what is the market?)

Limited access to services

Complex supply chain/limited traceability

Seldom organised into groups/coops…

Small-holders face challenges to comply with demands

Capacity building: BMP – standards - BMP

Farmer groups the only way: need legal status

BMP/groups help: access to services, credit…

Assistance for market access

Small-holders needs

Examples

Shrimp - India & Thailand - Export

BMP producers in India & Thailand

NaCSA/NACA/WWF…

UK & US market (Sysco own brand)

UK: ultimate goal ShAD/ASC

US: stepping stone to other scheme? Own requirements only?

Shrimp - Vietnam – Export

Danish supermarkets demand

WWF Denmark/VietNam

Nordic Seafood (importer)

Build on BMP/Farmer group efforts:

SocTrang: MRC/RIA2, WWF etc…

CaMau: WWF

Ultimate goal: ShAD/ASC

Shrimp - Vietnam – Domestic?

FAO (IMOLA) project: TT Hue province

Build on BMP/Farmer group efforts

Study/improve supply chain

Proximity to Metro supermarket

Rural development

Domestic vs export market

Explore also other local supermarkets & export

Shrimp - Vietnam - Domestic

Partnership Government/NGO/private

Build on BMP/Farmer group efforts

Showroom established to promote farmer group products in HaNoi

Pangasius – Vietnam - Export

Pangasius, but looking also at shrimp

Anova (buyer): 50%

GTZ/IDH: 50%

Single supply chain: no competition

Support to ASC/GLOBALGAP

Objective: be the 1st !

…Also other efforts for export market: RIA2, Belgium etc…

Contributing to SEAT

Access to a global network (producers, buyers/trader, retailers, consumers, governments, NGOs)

Experiences in identification of sustainability issues & aquaculture certification. Multistakeholder approach!

Experiences in standard development (Macrobrachium dialogue?)

Experiences in implementation of BMP/certification among farmers (including small-scale) & supply chain

Opportunity to influence ISEAL mechanism/requirements

Opportunity to influence development of standards and of the ASC certification scheme: bring the EAFI to life?

Thank you