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Aquaculture. Phil Thomas. Initial Points to Note. Aquaculture is very different from fisheries and is much closer to agriculture. It is aquatic ‘livestock production’; in tank facilities, rivers, lochs and in the sea. Aquaculture is not a single sector. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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AquaculturePhil Thomas
Initial Points to Note Aquaculture is very different
from fisheries and is much closer to agriculture.
It is aquatic ‘livestock production’; in tank facilities, rivers, lochs and in the sea.
Aquaculture is not a single sector.
Production species vary – within finfish and shellfish categories.
Freshwater and sea-farm production; for salmon both.
Production systems vary between and within species.
Europe – Mussels, oysters, other shellfish: carp, eels, bass, bream, Arctic char, brown trout, sea trout, rainbow trout, cod, halibut, turbot, Atlantic salmon.
Scotland – main production is Atlantic salmon, rainbow trout and mussels.
Shellfish
Shellfish £M
Mussels 8.3
Native Oysters 0.14
Queen 0.003
Pacific oyster 1.25
Scallop 0.09
Total 9.8 (8.3 in 2010)
90% sales to UK 10% export sales35% fresh product65% added value
product
Data 2011
Value at First Sale Information on Mussels Use
Significant scope for expansion – increase by 100% by 2020 is National Marine Plan Target. Some expansion will be integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, involving salmon + mussels + seaweed. Two pilotstudies are already in progress.
Production: Shellfish
Mussels
Comparative Data 2008
Trout Trout farming is UK activity rather than ‘Scottish’
Scotland produces about 5o% UK output, ca £14M per annum.
15% (30% UK) live sales for stocking
Of food sales - 95% into the UK market
85-90% fresh/chilled10-15% value added
productPerceived
opportunities in large trout – like salmon
Trout
Comparative data 2008
Technology Development
Plastic Pens
After Hanlon
(After, Chopin, 2010)
Atlantic Salmon
0
50
100
150
200
250
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Salmo
n x 10
00 ton
nes
Planned
Current Salmon production 157,000 tonnes. Value £540M at farm gate.National Marine Plan target is 220k tonnes by 2020
Food-chain Tradition Model
PrimaryProducer
Primary Processor
Value-addedProcessor
Distributor or wholesaler
Retailer or Food Service
Imports/Exports
Imports/Exports
Imports/ Exports
Imports/Exports
Salmon-chain Model
1. In the salmon-chain there has been increased vertical integration both from the primary producers down the chain and for added value processors up the chain. 2. Similar integrative effects have been created in some cases through strategic alliances between sectors.3. Salmon sells in a global market. Because Scottish salmon is the leading premium product, balance of home use, exports and imports is potentially dynamic and price and supply sensitive.
Salmon83% fresh/chilled12% frozen 5% smoked Over 60 value-added
products and formats on the market
SWOT Analysis on Scottish AquacultureStrengths Most developed aquaculture
in UK Best water quality in UK Traditional quality branding Leading EU-salmon Leading UK-trout Supplier of high-quality
shellfishOpportunities Strong demands and growth
in demand for products (salmon and shellfish particularly)
Potential for substantial increases in production
Good market access and market penetration (salmon in particular)
Weaknesses Failure to achieve ‘better
regulation’ in planning , licensing and regulation.
Some sectors require further development (shellfish)
Essential investment is variable between sectors
Threats Pr0active objectors to
aquaculture Failure to maintain investor
confidence and so failure to develop
Failure to be competitive with imports (varies by sector)
Prolonged national economic stagnation
Scottish Aquaculture StrategyOur shared vision is that Scotland will have a sustainable, diverse, competitive and economically viable aquaculture industry of which its people can be justifiably proud. It will deliver high quality healthy food to consumers at home and abroad and social and economic benefits to communities, particularly in rural and remote areas.
‘Scottish Aquaculture Strategy: A Fresh Start’Strategic themes and Working Groups:Healthier fish and shellfish (Reported)Improved systems for licensing aquaculture
developments (ISLAD)(ongoing)Improved containment (ongoing)Better marketing and improved image (actions;
but in abeyance)Improved access to finance (in abeyance)Shellfish Forum (some ongoing)
Planning Reform for AquacultureJoint Initiative – Supported by Cabinet Secretary for Finance, Employment and Sustainable Growth and Minister for Environment
Members:5 Local Authorities Marine ScotlandMarine Scotland ScienceSNHSEPASSPOASFB
DPRFA2 sets out what each party will continue to do and how they will work together to refine theplanning system for aquaculture. The benefits from continuing to improve efficiency in the planning system will -----
Issues for Aquaculture Further development of salmon Production –
more farms Further development and refocusing of trout Development, including structural development,
for shellfish.Ongoing ActivitiesDemand for salmon is high but prices have
reduced substantially. Not sufficient Scottish production to open up major new markets. Industry heavily engaged in ongoing technical developments and communication strategies.
Trout – portion size trout static and margins low. New initiatives in large trout.
Mussels – industry continues to grow steadily, but new sites problematic. IMTA under test, also cross-sector initiatives.
Challenges to Aquaculture DevelopmentDifficult planning development environment.
Finfish sites always challenging, because of anti-farming campaigners.
Vast proportion of farm sites still stuck in the 2007 process of transference into planning system . (Audit & Review).
‘’SEPA now routinely objects to proposed shellfish sites’’
Current Marine Scotland Aquaculture and Fisheries Bill proposals are regarded as disproportionate and barriers to progress.
Marine Scotland is widely considered to be failing to address its economic/business development remit. It is regarded as having no aquaculture ‘champions’ and is widely held in low regard. SDI regarded as very helpful.
20
Public Interest in Aquaculture Cragg Ross Dawson: Overview
The general impression of Scottish aquaculture seems positive:
consumers are generally satisfied with the product
ignorance of and reservations about it are not off-putting
retailers have sufficient confidence in it to use it as a major source
NGOs query specific issues but not the general necessity
Key questions are:
whether to do more to promote and inform people about aquaculture
if so, what to say about it
The End