AQ Standards Report Draft 2 Dec FINAL

5/28/2018 AQ Standards Report Draft 2 Dec FINAL

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1

A A A

C A I A C (CAIA) C

2009

T A D B RETA 6291: R A

Q A [S U M A (SUMA) P]


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2

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1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 4

2. AMBIENT AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS ........................................................................ 5

2.1. W H O A A Q G ........................................................ 5

2.2. S N A A Q S M C ........................ 6

3. SUMMARY OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS IN ASIA ................................................................ 6

3.1. E A A Q S ...................................................... ........................... 6

3.2. P D A A Q S ....................................................... 8

3.3. S A A Q S ........................................................ ....................... 12

3.4. A Q M S A........................................................... ............................ 21

3.5. A Q R A ....................................................................................................... 27

ANNEX 1. S Q ................................................................................................................. 29

ANNEX 2. C P .......................................................................................................................... 34

C P: B ....................................................................................................................... 35

C P: C .......................................................................................................................... 44

C P: H K SAR ................................................................................................................. 50

C P: I .................................................................................................................................. 64

C P: I .......................................................................................................................... 75

C P: R K.............................................................................................................. 85

C P: N................................................................................................................................. 93

C P: P ...................................................................................................................... 102

C P: S L .......................................................................................................................... 118

C P: T .......................................................................................................................... 126

C P: V N ......................................................................................................................... 135


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T 1. C WHO A A Q G US EPA A A Q S

(/3) .......................................................................................................................................................... 5

T 2. S S E R A A Q S A ....... 7

T 3. K D, R I A A Q

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T 4 ) S LT A A Q S A ........................................... 12

T 4 ) S A A Q S S A C (/3) ........................ 13

T 5. C PM10 A WHO G US EPA S (/3) ... 14

T 6. C PM2.5 A WHO G US EPA S (/3) . 15

T 7. C SO2 A WHO G US EPA S (/3) ..... 16

T 8. C NO2 A WHO G US EPA S (/3) .... 17

T 9. C O3 A WHO G US EPA S (/3) ....... 18

T 10. C CO A WHO G US EPA S (/3) ..... 19

T 11. C P A WHO G US EPA S (/3) ..... 20

T 12. G R P A Q M .............................................. 21

T 13. S A Q M N A ................................................................. 24T 14. S A Q R A A ................................................................... 27


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24H 365 20

A 80 O3 1H 235

8H 157 100

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CO 1H 40,000 30,000

8H 10,000 10,000

P A 0.5 0.5

SPM 8H 200


37/149

P 37 147

T NAAQS

W

H O (WHO). T NAAQS

PM10, PM2.5, NO2,

SO2 O3 (T 1). O ,

NAAQS P 8H CO

WHO G

.

U W B AQMP,

B . P AQMP,

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(ADB

CAIA, 2006). F,

,

(W B, 2006). I ,

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(W B,

2006).

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.

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.

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. T

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, DOE

, B ,

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, AQMP

B (AQMP []). T DOE

. D AQMP

T 2.


38/149

P 38 147

2 B M

C . CAM M C E A

D 2 PM10, PM2.5, CO, SO2, NOX, O3,

HC

CAMS1 S B CAMS2

F

C

1 PM10, PM2.5, CO, SO2, NOX, O3, HC

CAMS TV C

K 1 PM10, PM2.5, CO, SO2, NOX, O3,

HC

CAMS

R 1 PM10, PM2.5, CO, SO2, NOX, O3,

HC

CAMS

*CAMSC A M S

A DOE, ,

D C E

D C E

B U E

T (BUET), B A E

C (BAEC) B C

S I R (BCSIR),

. M

. I ,

(M D 2000).

T DE

. B

(AQI)

. T AQ

B U SE P A (US EPA)

. I, AQI

, ,

, DOE

AQI (I 2003).

T AQMP US EPA AQI

D

. T

AQI

. I ,

B

AQI (AQMP 2003). A

AQI, DE

.

3 AI B

AI C C0 100 G G

101 200 U O

201 300 V U P

>301 E U R

SOURCE: AQMP, 2003.

A AQI

. S

D (DE UNEP RCC.AP, 2001). A (ARI)

145,000

(WHO SE A R,

2002). I 1996 , D

P . A 17

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39/149

P 39 147

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(K ., 1997). H,

AQI ,

.

A AQMP

,

. M

D.

F,

D,

,

.

N, .

A PM10 PM2.5 D

C F 1

F 2, . T PM

( PM10 PM2.5) D

20022007 .

A PM

;

.

F 1 A A A M10

D C 20022007 (/3)

S: D DOE, AQMP.

F 2 A A A M2.5

D C 20022007 (/3)

S: D DOE, AQMP.

H PM

N F

. O ,

M

S, (ADB

CAIA, 2006).

T ,

PM10 PM2.5 D

WHO G . P (PM)

D (U ., 2008). I

20022006 D, PM

AQI 98%

(U ., 2008).

L C

;

, PM10 PM2.5 C 2007

NAAQS WHO G .

0

15

30

45

60

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90

105

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

D C

NAAQS (A) WHO AQG (A)

0

30

60

90

120

150

180

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

D C

NAAQS (A) WHO AQG (A)


40/149

P 40 147

F 3 M A A M D (2002 2006) (/3)

S: U ., 2008

2

F 4

NO2 D 2002 2005. T

2003 NO2 27.6

() NO2

53 . C PM ,

, NO2

N F.

T

NO2.

F 4 2C

D ()

SOURCE: N, 2006.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

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J

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2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

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41/149

P 41 147

2

F 5

SO2 D 2002 2005.

T SO2 2003

(.., 6.67 ) NAAQS SO2

(.., 20 ), ,

SO2 . S

PM NO2 , SO2

N

F.

F 5 M 2C D ()

SOURCE: N, 2006.

T

B T 4

T 5. I

.

N,

PM ( [TSP]) ,

PM D

.

4 A A A

A C (/3)

D 2

C

25/02/2003

02/09/2002

208.4

172.6

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28.3

20.2

K

12/03/2003

14/02/2002

16/01/2003

19/11/2002

10/10/2002

308.4

213.1

312.5

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51.3

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92.4

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61.9

N

11/03/2003 904.0 120.0 128.0

A

09/04/2003 804.0 111.0 115.0

SOURCE: ADB, 2005.

5 C M C

B

D

(/3)

M

/

B 170531 20032004

R 329680 2004

S 400420 2003

P 500829 2004

SOURCE: ADB, 2005.


42/149

P 42 147

A D B (ADB), 2005. F

R: S A S E

C (SASEC) C R A

Q M.

..//1412/

70581.. A C ADB C A

I A C (CAIA) C, 2006

C S R U A Q

M: B. D D. ADB,

2006.

ADB CAIA C, 2006 C S

R U A Q M:

B. D D. ADB, 2006.

AQMP, . A Q M

://../M_S.

A 2009.

AQMP, 2003. IM C

M. W P 3 P A Q

I (AQI) D. D

E. A. B. A ADB

CAIA C, 2006 C S

R U A Q M:

B. D D. ADB, 2006.

DE U N E P

(UNEP) R R C A

P (RCC.AP), 2001. B S

E R 2001.

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K, M., B, S. K., T, S. A.,

I, A., K, A.H., 1997. T E

C S F A

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A P M C A (APMA), 2002.

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E. P P

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U, AMM N., C, T.I. S,

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G E,2

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CHSPB

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P.

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45/149

C

10 J 2000 SD

A P C N D. T

,

.

T M E (ME)

,

. T ME,

1993 1997,

C (ADB, 2004). T

ME : ()

; ()

(EIA) ; ()

, ()

; ()

; ()

; ()

,

; () C

; () .

O , M H

(MH) M I, M E

(MIME),

.

A 6, C 2 SD A P

C N D

,

, MOE.H, 2000,

.

T

; ,

. T ME

.

.

N

(TSP), S (SO2),

N (NO2), C (CO),

(O3) (P).

T 6 C

W H

O (WHO) G.

6 C . HG (/

3

)

G ,

,

.

/3=

S:

WHO, 2006,

WHO 2000

O,

WHO G .

P A

T

N

S

WHO

G

TSP 24H 330

A 100

NO2 1H 300 200

24H 100

A 40

SO2 10 500

1H 500

24H 300 20

A 100 O3 1H 200

8H 100

24H

CO 1H 40,000 30,000

8H 20,000 10,000

P 24H

A

5

0.5


46/149

P 46 147

I C, .

I 20002002, A Q, N V

M O E P

C D Y

U, P P

(PHN) CO,

NO2, SO2, TSP PM10

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SO2 PHN

.

T ME

PHN T K (N),

M B (S), O S

(C) C M (N) (S,

2008). A CO, NO2 SO2

.

A TSP, PM10 P

.

T A Q, N V M

O E P C

D ME U A Q M

, ,

(ADB CAIA, 2006).

A ME,

PHN .

T C

. A

S R P.T ME

.

A

ME. M

(L, 2009; ADB CAIA, 2006).

T

(C, 2006). O

WHO 2004 C

E H P

MH ME

(WHO, 2004). O

C, , ,

,

C (WHO, 2004). H,

.

A

C PHN . I ,

, ;

.

I , P P

,

WHO

.

2

F 6 NO2 PHN S R 20002008

. A NO2

. M

NO2.

O NO2 PHN

T 7 T 8.


47/149

P 47 147

F 7 CO

PHN S R 20002008

. A NO2,

CO

CO PHN S R. O CO PHN

F 8, T 7 T 8.

2

T 7

SO2, , PHN C

2001 2004. O , T 8

SO2 TSP PHN

2001 2003.

R SO2

PHN .

H,

SO2 TSP PHN .

F 6 A 2 C

(20002008) (/3)

S: D MOE.

F 7 A C C

(20002008) (/3)

S: D MOE.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

P P S R

0

1500

3000

4500

6000

7500

9000

10500

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

P P S R


48/149

F 8 M C H, 2005

SOURCE: ME, 2006.

7 A M C

2001 2002 2003 2004

M M M M M M M M

C (/3) 83 289 76 240 57 187 48 174

2(/3) 83 304 85 310 54 190 40 139

2(/3) 77 227 81 385 46 157 32 81

SOURCE: ME MH, 2006. C R: C. H D, C C, S P L C S.P C A A T C L D C, B, T, 24 M 02

J.

8 A A C

2001 2002 2003

M M M M M M

C (/3) 3.06 7.12 1.98 2.42 3.50 5.71

2(/3) 32.08 47.17 2.45 3.77 30.19 56.60

2(/3) 2.60 7.80 7.80 13.00

(/3

) 0.63 0.84 0.41 1.00

SOURCE: R Y U 20002002. Q MOE M MH (2006).

C R: C. H D, C C, S P L, C S. P C

A A T C L D C, B, T, 24 M02 J.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

J F M A M J J A S O N D

N O & S O C

( / 3 )

COC(/3)

CO NO SO


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A D B (ADB), 2004. C:

C E A. M: P.

M.

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C A I A C (CAI

A) C, 2006 C S R

U A Q M: N. D

D. ADB, 2006.

C, C, 2006. P

A A CH C ME. 14

N. A ADB CAIA C, 2006

C S R U A Q

M: N. D D. ADB, 2006.

L, B, 2009. P P A D

P: S. T C D: V 42

I 4. ://..

../S/N/C090403.

A 2009.

L, R, 2006. C M A

P. P S T M

A P E U S

D, G, A.

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. A 2009.

ME, 2006. M P C

PHN, 2005. A L, R, 2006.

C M A P. P

S T M A P E

U S D, G, A.

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MH. 2006. C R: C.

H D, C C, S P L C

S. P C A A

T, C L D C,

B, T. 24 M2 J. A ADB

CAIA C, 2006 C S R

U A Q M: N. D

D. ADB, 2006.

S, K, 2008. S A Q M

P P C, C. P

L M C L I

B H R E

(CALIBRE) P.

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A Q. WHO, G, S.

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0.02_1104. A 2009.

, 2004. C E H

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A 2009.

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, ,

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51/149

H K B 1841

30 J 1997 S

A R (SAR) P R C (PRC) SB J D

1984 (ADB CAIA, 2006). M

B L H K

SAR (HKSAR)

, . I , HKSAR

,

,

/, PRC.

H K SAR (AQO) 1987

A P C O (APCO) (C. 311)

.

T APCO

. I

AQO6

, ,

(ADB CAIA, 2006). T APCO,

AQO

U S (US)

E P A (USEPA)

(O A & P H K L, 2009).

T E P D7(EPD)

E B H K SAR

6U 7 APCO, S E AQO T M.

SOURCE: O A & P H K L, 2009.7T H K A ED, 1986,

E P A (

1981 E P U,

1977)

.

B 1986 31 M 2005

E, T W B (ETWB).

G

. U A

Q P, EPD

,

,

ACPO O L P

O (OLPO),

,

;

(EPD, 2006).

W AQO 1987,

US

. H,

. I 2006,

, W H O (WHO)

2005 G U: A Q

G P M, O (O3),

N (NO2) S (SO2)8. I

, , US

E U (EU)

(EPD, 2006).

O 1 A 2005, ,

ETWB EPD

E B ETWB

P S E

D E P. T EPD

. SOURCE: EPD, 2007.8T H A G

PM, NO2, O3 SO2. I

, (I) .

T

. T

,

,

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, ,

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52/149

T EPD WHO A Q

G (AQG)

HKSAR AQO (EPD, 2006). A ,

AQO (EPD,

2009).

R , EPD

2007

AQO

HKSAR. T

AQO,

AQO (O A & P H K L, 2009). T

HKSAR AQO.

T 9

/ AQO .

9 A/M A

D E/A

J 2007 C N

AQO

15 O

2008

C E

I T1 (IT1) WHO A

Q G

20 M 2009 T EPD P

F AQO

23 J 2009 L

AQO

J 2009 C AQO

L 2009 P G R

AQO

E 2010 N AQO

SOURCE: C E, 2009; EPD, 2009

T . T

AQO

.

L 23 J 2009, HKSAR

AQO .

P

AQ

(ADB CAIA, 2006). T

2009

AQO

.

.

A

(TSP), (RSP), NO2, SO2,

O3, C (CO) (P).

T 10 HKSAR AQO

WHO G. T AQO

T 10. T AQO

.

T AQO

AQO (ADB

CAIA, 2006). H,

(.., ),

. N,

, AQO (1 24)

(ADB CAIA,

2006).

G, HKSAR AQO

WHO G

. T EPD

(EPD, 2009). I , EPD WHO AQG

T M (EPD, 2006).

N, AQO

AQO.

T AQO AQO

WHO AQG.


53/149

10 HKA A . HG (/3)

P A T HKSAR AQO P N

AQO

WHO AQG

R

S

P (PM10)

24H 180 100 (WHO IT2) 50 (IT1:150, IT2:100, IT3:75)

A 55 50 (WHO IT2) 20 (IT1:70, IT2: 50, IT3:30)

NO2 1H 300 200 200

24H 150

A 80 40 40

SO2 10 500 500

1H 800

24H 350 125 (WHO IT1) 20 (IT1:125, IT2:50)

A 80

O3 1H 240

8H 160 (WHO IT) 100 (IT:160)

CO 1H 30,000 30,000 30,000

8H 10,000 10,000 10,000

P 1H 3M 1.5

A 0.5 0.5

T S

P (TSP)

24H 260

A 80

F S

P

(PM2.5)

24H 75 (WHO IT1) 25 (IT1:75, IT2: 50, IT3: 37.5)

A 35 (WHO IT1) 10 (IT1:35, IT2: 25, IT3:15)

G , , .

/3= ; AQG = A Q G; AQO = ; IT = I T

R 10

. T /3.

F 10 .

T /3.

N .

N .

S:WHO 2006,

WHO 2000

T HKSAR AQO

:

(I) A WHO '

SO2(10),

NO2(1 ), CO (1 8

) P ();

(II)

WHO IT2

(PM 10) (24

);

(III) WHO IT1

SO2(24)

(PM2.5) (24 ), IT O3

(8) (EPD, 2009).

T IT WHO

(WHO, 2006). N,

,

AQG.

C, AQO

AQO AQO. T

AQO

,

,


54/149

AQO (O A &

P H K L, 2009).

H K SAR

14

TSP, RSP, N

(NO), N (NO), SO2, NO2, O3

CO. E

.

F 9 EPD

HKSAR

T 11. A 2009,

,

A S G EPD.

F 9 L ED M 2008

SOURCE: EPD, 2009

T

USEPA

HKSAR (EPD, 2008).

A , A S G

(TAP)

(..,,

1,3),

(.., 2,3,7,8T

(2,3,7,8 TCDF), 2,3,7,8T

(2,3,7,8TCDD), (..,

), (..

()), H (C+6)

(EPD, 2008). S 1997, T W

C/W

TAP . I

TAP, EPD

9

.

A EPD , H E C.L. (HEC) CLP P H K

L (CLP)

SO2 NO2

(EPD, 2008).

S 30 N 2005, H K SAR

G

P R D

R. M T C, T M,

T W (G P

E P M C EPD,

HKSAR, 2005).

L

(QA/QC) . T

QA/QC

H K L A S

(HOKLAS) (EPD, 2008).

9P

8

80%

H K O H.

SOURCE: EPD, 2009.


55/149

11 D HKA A M

M A

H

A G M

C/W: U

L P S

: M

/

78 18

(4 )

SO2, NO, NO, NO2, O3, RSP

C, RSPHV, TSP, M

E: S W H F

S

:R 28 15

(4 )

SO2, NO2, O3, RSPC, M

K C: K C

P S

:M /

/

19 13

(2 )


C, TSP, M

K T: C D

O

:M /

/

34 25

(6 )


C, RSPHV, TSP, M

S S P: P

S

: M

/

34 25

(6 )


C, RSPHV, TSP, M

T W: P

A CC

:M /

/

21 17

(4 )

SO2, NO, NO, NO2, CO, O3,

RSPC, RSPHV, TSP,M

S T: S T G.

S S

:R 31 25

(6 )


C, TSP, M

T P: T P G. O

B.

:R 31 25

(6 )

SO2, NO2, O3, RSPC, TSP,

M

T C: T C

H C

:R 34.5 27.5

(4 )


RSPC, RSPHV, TSP,

M

Y L: Y L

D B O

B.

:R 31 25

(6 )


RSPC, RSPHV, TSP,

MT M: T M P

S

B:R 26 11

(3 )


RSPC

C B :B

/

6.5 3 SO2, NO, NO, NO2, CO, RSPC

C :B

/

8.5 4.5 SO2, NO, NO, NO2, CO, RSPC

M K :B/

8.5 3 SO2, NO, NO, NO2, CO, RSPC, RSPHV, TSP, M

(A P D H.K.)

C = ; HV = ; MET

SOURCE: EPD, 2008


56/149

M

A S G

(EPD, 2008).

T EPD E B HKSAR .

A

, T 12. T API

EPD

(://...//.).

A EPD ,

E P I C (EPIC)

(://...////_.

).

T HKSAR API

14

0 500 (EPD,

2006).

T API

. T

. T 13 HKSAR API.

R API

. A

HKSAR. I 2002, D C

M U H K

EPD

(U H K, 2002). T

1995

2000, 10 /3 SO2

243

. T

10 /3

NO2 83 .

A

,

EPD

D H.

12 A

F R C S

H API R 1 J 1999

D API

R 6 J 1995 14 J 1998

D API R 15 J 1998 30 J 1999

M M K, K C

C/W

R J 1998

M A P I (API)

R J 1998

P (..,A Q H K

E H K)

SOURCE: EPD, 2008


57/149

13 HKA A I

A

L

AI G AI AI

S

B

201500 T

T

. I

,

.

V H

R

101200 P

(..,

, ,

)

.

P

( ,

, ,

)

. I

,

.

H

Y 51100 N

L , ,

M

T 2650 N .

L

G 025 N .

SOURCE: EPD, 2006.

A API, HKSAR H E I

(HEI). T HEI, D

C M S P H

U H K, : (1)

( , ,

)

H

K' ; (2)

( EPD)

WHO G (U H K,

[]).

I API,

(RAQI)

PRD R M N. T RAQI

PM10, SO2, NO2, O3.

D RAQI G

E P B (://.../3/RAQI_.).

A

.


58/149

(10)

T RSP (PM10)

HKSAR. M

TSP RSP ,

(EPD, 2008).

F 10 F 11 TSP

HKSAR F 12 F 13

PM10 19962008

. T TSP

, M K Y

L, .

H TSP

M K

. B M K Y L TSP AQO 1996 2008.

T TSP

1996 2002,

. A , TSP

. H,

AQO

.

A PM10

()

19962008 . M

RSP AQO,

.

R T M

PM10

, PM10

(F 13).

I 2008, (..,

C, C M K)

(.., Y L) RSP

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A S A N (ASEAN)

R I C P. CAIA,

2009.

N D P A I (BAPPENAS), 2007. D L

I. U A Q I

P N. I 1.

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//1___PRINT..

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(BMKG), []. .

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S 2009.

F, N., 2002. T A Q M

I. P P C

M C P P

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A A P (RAS/8/082). B, C.

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1%20C%20/E%20U%20

I.. S 2002.

H, S.A. M, S.N., 2008. E

C SE P I. P

R W GEO/IEA M.

C M, T. 811 S 2008.

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S 2009.

T J P, 2009. R 17

.

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. O 2009.

L, L., 2001. P K U

P DKI J. P P

I V E R S

W. J, I. 1618 O

2001. A S, S., R, B.,

T, H.S., 2002. S A Q, F

T, H I, E V

P O, J, I. P ADB.

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_INO/_. S 2009.

P, 2003. S A Q M

R I. E S.

://.../.?=11

S 2009.

S, Y.A., 2001. A Q J

I. U M T, TUG.

A S, S., R, B., T,

H.S., 2002. S A Q, F T,

H I, E V P

O, J, I. P ADB.

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S, S., R, B., T, H.S., 2002.

S A Q, F T, H

I, E V P O,

J, I. P ADB.

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_INO/_. S 2009.

U S A I

D (USAID), I C

E L (ICEL), S M

E (ME) S A

E C E

N (AECEN), 2008. E

C E I. R

A.

://..//ID_A.

S 2009.

W B, 2003. I E

M 2003: S F: R P.

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A/R/P/03

P/_.

S 2009.

W H O (WHO), 2000.

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S.

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, 2006. WHO A Q G

, ,

. G U 2005. S

R A.

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85/149

C : K


86/149

86 REPUBLIC OF KOREA

T 1977 E P A

1 A 1990 B E P A,A Q P A, W Q

P A N V C A.

T A Q P A,

1990 C A C A, ,

,

. T

A 10 F A

E P

.

N R

K 1978. T

1983, 1991, 1993,

2001, 2007 2009. T M E

(MOE), 1990 C A C

A, ,

. O

N I E R

(NIER) I H

E.

I , M

C S M C

.

I , MOE,

.

.

N PM10

19,

S (SO2), N (NO2), C

(CO), (O3), (P) .

A PM10 NO2

S

K, S, GY B, G

C, B C, U C, I C J

I. I , S

SO2, CO, O3 P.

T 10

W H O (WHO) G.

N , CO

P WHO .

T PM10, NO2 SO2

WHO

. N, S,

PM10 NO2. F ,

.

T

PM2.520,

.

1919

PM10 10

. T

/3.

20PM2.5 2.5

. T

/3.


87/149

18 C . HG (/3)

P A

T

R

K

S G

Y

B

G

C

B

C

U

C

I

C

J

I

WHO

PM10 24H 100 120 120 120 120 120 120 50

A 50 60 60 60 60 60 60 20

NO2 1H 188 263 226 263 263 226 263 200

24H 113 132 120 132 132 120 132

A 56 75 75 75 75 75 75 40

SO2 10 500

1H 392 314

24H 131 105 20

A 52 26

O3 1H 196 200

8H 118 120 100

CO 1H 28,625 28,625 30,000

8H 10,305 10,305 10,000

P 1H 3M 1.0

A 0.5 0.5 0.5

B A 5

G , , .

/3=

2007 S,

1998 S,

2008 S

C /

3:1.880,

C /

3:2.616,

C

/3:1.962,

C /

3:1.145

S:WHO 2006,

WHO 2000

()

T R K N A A

M I S (NAMIS).

E

,

, A: 3

C A C A (CACL).

T MOE

. R

NIER,

MOE I

H E .

T

F 30.

F 30 M A

SOURCE: K K, 2003.

T

(T 19). T

. M P

G CACL

M E

NIER, MOE

L E. M

O, MOE

L G

( )


88/149

, M

E ,

. T 20

/. T

, ..

,

NAMIS T 21.

T NAMIS

,

, .. .

19 A M L

E M

EM O

N. A Q MS

S 27

N 18

G 11

Y 14

W 14

D 12

J 6

T 102

SOURCE: MOE, 2008.

20 A M L

G

L G N. A Q M

S

S 41

B 26

D 17

I 22

G 13

D 13

U 19

G 66

G 11

C 9

C 10

J 12J 13

G 14

G 15

J 3

TOTAL 304

SOURCE: MOE, 2008.

21 M A A

S P M M F

AQ SO2, NO, O3, CO, PM10, , , ,

C / 1

AQ SO2, NO, O3, CO, PM10, , , C / 1

A H, , ,

W

N AQ

SO2, NO, O3, CO, PM10, , , C / 1

AQ SO2, NO, O3, CO, PM10, , , C / 1

A

P, C, C, C, M, F, N M / 5

H 13 VOC, 7 PAH M / 1

P 56 VOC C / 1

V R S C / 1

G A CO2, CH4, N2O, CFC C / 1


89/149

T

,

,

(TMS)21

R E M O MOE

(APMA, 2002).

T

.... S

D 2005,

. T

PM10,

O3, CO, SO2 NO2. I

, (CAI) . T CAI

. I

(MOE, []). T CAI

T 22.

A AIRKOREA ,

MOE ,

E S Y, G K

E .

A

. F

, G K 2006 R

(MOE, 2006), 10,000 , 9.5

. T

20062015 E

H P (MOE KEI, 2006). T

21

T TMS

R E M O MOE

(APMA, 2002).

(..)

(.. ). A

20062015 P,

/ , ,

/

(MOE KEI, 2006).

22 CAI

C D H E

A G A

B M A

C U

A

D U A

(,

),

E V

A

F H A

SOURCE: AIRKOREA (://...////.)


90/149

10

F 31 PM10

S K 1995 2007. M

1990,

. H, PM10

WHO . T

PM10 S, B, D I

.

F 31 A A M10C K (/3)

S: D S N U.

2

A NO2 1989

2007

(F 32). F , NO2

G, U D WHO

U D

. O,

NO2 .

A , S,

NO2,

NO2 WHO

AQG.

F 32 A A 2

K(/3)

S: D S N U.

0

20

40

60

80

100

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007

S B D

I G D

U NAAQS (A) WHO AQG (A)

0

20

40

60

80

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 200

S B

D I

G D

U NAAQS (A)

WHO AQG (A)


91/149

2

A SO2 R

K 1989

2007. A 1997,

SO2

. F 33 SO2 S K.

F 33 A A 2

K (/3)

S: D S N U.

C SO2, CO

1989 2007

(F 34).

I, CO

. A

F 34, 1989, CO

B, D, G, D U

CO

I S CO .

H, 1990 2000,

CO

.

F 34 A A C

K (/3)

S: D S N U.

3

A O3

R K (F 35).

M 1989 2007 ,

, O3. A

, B

O3 .

F 35 A A 3 K (/

3)

S: D S N U.

0

30

60

90

120

150

180

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

S B

D I

G D

U NAAQS (A)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 200

S B D

I G D

U

0

700

1400

2100

2800

3500

4200

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004

S B D I

G D U


92/149

A P M C A (APMA), 2002.

B U A Q M

P M M C A:

S I. K E I, 6132B, E 122706, S,

R K.

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. A 2009.

K, S.S. K, H.K., 2003. N

M S M, R

A K. N F

R D I (NFRDI),

M M A F

(MOMAF), R K.

://../F1/KR.

A 2009.

M E (MOE), 2006. G

K: 2006: A B E

H F.

://...///

_.?=23&=A&=E&=

310

A 2009.

, 2008. 2008 E S

Y.

://...///.

?=E&=340&=D

A 2009.

, []. W CAI. G,

K.

://...////.

A 2009.

K E I (KEI),

2006. E H P 20062015.

K E P B, I 2,

V: IV, 2006.

://...///.

?=H%20P(06).&=B

A 2009.

W H O (WHO), 2000.

G A Q. WHO, G,

S.

://..//2000/WHO_SDE_OE

H_00.02_1104. A 2009.

, 2006. WHO A Q G

, ,

. G U 2005. S

R A.

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93/149

C :


94/149

T

H M G (HMG)

E P A,2053 (1997 A.D.). H, N

J 2003.

T

T FY P (2002

2007). O

T P , ,

(ADB ICIMOD, 2006).

T M E, S T(MEST)

. T

F 36.

F 36 E A A

R A 2005, MEST

, ,

,

,

(MEST, 2006). P MEST 2005,

M P E (MPE)

N (ADB ICIMOD, 2006). I A 2005,

, MPE , E

D M S

T (MST), MEST

M

(ADB CA, 2006).

O

. T

N B S M,

M H P, F

N C C I

(FNCCI), C N I (CNI),

T P, M L T,

A D' A N A

S T.

T

N

. T E P A (EPA) 1997

E P R (EPR) 1997

1999

. T A

;

; ;

; ;

(ADB CA, 2006).

.

N

, ..PM1022,

(TSP), N (NO2), S (SO2),

C (CO), (P) .

T 23 2003

W H

O (WHO) G.

22PM10 10

. T

/3.

P C

T C

A P

D P

S C

T C


95/149

23 A A . H

G (/3)

G ,

,

.

/3=

S:WHO, 2006,

WHO 2000

O, N PM10

SO2 WHO

G . N (.. NO2, 8H CO

)

WHO G .

T

MEST

.

P MPE,

N.

B 1995,

(ADB CA, 2006). S

E

P H O (ENPHO), S

L E A D

R (LEADERS N), D H

M (DHM), N E

S S P.L. (NESS), I U

C N (IUCN) K

V V E C P (KVVECP))

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P (UNDP) (M D, 2000 ADB

CA, 2006).

T , AQ

K V . A

K V (ADB CA, 2006).

I M 2001, HMG D I

D A (DANIDA)

K V 5

E S P

S (ESPS) (ADB ICIMOD, 2006). T

E

N

2002 MPE (MEST, 2007).

S K V. L

,

. I ,

. A TSP, PM10,

PM2.523

, , NO2 P

.

T 24

T 25

.

23PM2.5

2.5 . T

/3.

A

H

G

PM10 24H 120 50

A 20

TSP 24H 230

A

NO2 1H 200

24H 80

A 40 40

SO2 10 500

1H

24H 70 20

A 50

CO 15M 100,000

1H 30,000

8H 10,000 10,000

P A 0.5 0.5

B A 20


96/149

24 D M

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D

P R H : 3.5 .

D: K; .

T R H :15 .

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T.

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.

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H :6

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B, B D S.

T

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(TU)

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H :15 .

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M V

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D: M,

, 1500 (150

).

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25 M M L

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PM10 LVS 24 ,, .

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NO2 D , R ,

.

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.

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PM10.

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. T

D 2004 ESPS .

O

J 2006 DHM.

M

, ,

(MEST, 2007).

F MPE A 2005,

MEST. C,

N.


97/149

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K V

MEST

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. T 26 (PM10)

K.

26 A D M10

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G G

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