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APUSH – October, 4 APUSH – October, 4 th th Objectives: Objectives: To demonstrate your understanding of the two readings To demonstrate your understanding of the two readings To apply your previous knowledge of colonial America To apply your previous knowledge of colonial America to your readings to your readings To re-familiarize yourself with religion in the To re-familiarize yourself with religion in the colonies colonies Homework: Homework: Essay 1 due tonight by 11:59pm Essay 1 due tonight by 11:59pm Study for the unit 1 exam (Wed) Study for the unit 1 exam (Wed) Notebook check – Wed Notebook check – Wed DHL chapters 2 and 3 - Friday DHL chapters 2 and 3 - Friday

APUSH – October, 4 th

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APUSH – October, 4 th. Objectives: To demonstrate your understanding of the two readings To apply your previous knowledge of colonial America to your readings To re-familiarize yourself with religion in the colonies Homework: Essay 1 due tonight by 11:59pm Study for the unit 1 exam (Wed) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: APUSH – October, 4 th

APUSH – October, 4APUSH – October, 4thth

• Objectives:Objectives:– To demonstrate your understanding of the two readingsTo demonstrate your understanding of the two readings– To apply your previous knowledge of colonial America to To apply your previous knowledge of colonial America to

your readingsyour readings– To re-familiarize yourself with religion in the coloniesTo re-familiarize yourself with religion in the colonies

• Homework:Homework:– Essay 1 due tonight by 11:59pmEssay 1 due tonight by 11:59pm– Study for the unit 1 exam (Wed)Study for the unit 1 exam (Wed)– Notebook check – WedNotebook check – Wed– DHL chapters 2 and 3 - FridayDHL chapters 2 and 3 - Friday

Page 2: APUSH – October, 4 th

APUSH – October, 4APUSH – October, 4thth

• Agenda:Agenda:– Reading quizReading quiz– Group discussion on readingsGroup discussion on readings– Religion in the colonies review Religion in the colonies review

Page 3: APUSH – October, 4 th

Reading QuizReading Quiz• Franklin names 13 virtues: list three of Franklin names 13 virtues: list three of

them for me.them for me.

• Franklin devised a system for developing Franklin devised a system for developing these virtues. Describe, in general terms, these virtues. Describe, in general terms, what he did to help himself learn these what he did to help himself learn these virtues.virtues.

• In the Beginning of his epistle Crevecoeur In the Beginning of his epistle Crevecoeur compares people to what?compares people to what?

• He goes on to describe America as a what?He goes on to describe America as a what?

Page 4: APUSH – October, 4 th

Ben FranklinBen Franklin• Are humans perfectible?Are humans perfectible?• Would this system work? Would you use it, if it Would this system work? Would you use it, if it

did?did?• Look at Franklin's list of moral virtues: are some Look at Franklin's list of moral virtues: are some

of these virtues questionable? Are any missing?of these virtues questionable? Are any missing?• How does this approach compare to Puritan How does this approach compare to Puritan

ideals? ideals? • How might it change America's view of humans, How might it change America's view of humans,

given enough time to develop?given enough time to develop?• Do we believe Franklin when he says he had Do we believe Franklin when he says he had

accomplished all of them but Order?accomplished all of them but Order?

Page 5: APUSH – October, 4 th

CrevecoeurCrevecoeur

• He talks about a "metamorphosis" He talks about a "metamorphosis" undergone by the people who came undergone by the people who came to America...is this accurate?to America...is this accurate?

• Towards the end of this selection, Towards the end of this selection, Crevecoeur says "this is an Crevecoeur says "this is an American"--is his description American"--is his description accurate?accurate?

Page 6: APUSH – October, 4 th

16011650

1700

1620: Pilgrims arrive at Plymouth

1656: Quakers arrive in Pennsylvania

1690-93: Salem witch trials

Century to come: Great Awakening

1649: Maryland Toleration Act

Page 7: APUSH – October, 4 th

CHARACTERISTICS OF CHARACTERISTICS OF RELIGION in the ColoniesRELIGION in the Colonies

• MotivesMotives

• Colonial religion Colonial religion part of the part of the continuing debate continuing debate dating from the dating from the ReformationReformation

• PuritanismPuritanism

• church and statechurch and state

• Overwhelmingly Overwhelmingly ProtestantProtestant

Page 8: APUSH – October, 4 th

Continuing debate from Continuing debate from ReformationReformation

• Issues: role of Issues: role of ministers, number of ministers, number of sacraments, sacraments, organization of the organization of the church, liturgical church, liturgical service, hierarchy, service, hierarchy, Presbyterians, Presbyterians, Congregationalists, Congregationalists, Quakers, Quakers, antinomianism, antinomianism, ArminianismArminianism

• Changes in England: Changes in England: Bishop Laud, Charles I, Bishop Laud, Charles I, 39 Articles, Civil War, 39 Articles, Civil War, Levellers, Puritan Levellers, Puritan Commonwealth, Test Commonwealth, Test Act (1673), Toleration Act (1673), Toleration Act (1689), Glorious Act (1689), Glorious RevolutionRevolution

Page 9: APUSH – October, 4 th

Influence of PuritanismInfluence of Puritanism

• Source of significant Source of significant ideas: ideas: – education for Bible education for Bible

ReadingReading– founding of Harvard to founding of Harvard to

educate ministerseducate ministers– higher law & moral codeshigher law & moral codes

• Covenant theology:Covenant theology:– boost to the idea of a boost to the idea of a

covenant between covenant between government and the government and the governedgoverned

• ““city on a hill” – an city on a hill” – an example of a sense of example of a sense of missionmission

Page 10: APUSH – October, 4 th

Freedom from religious Freedom from religious persecution, not religious persecution, not religious

freedomfreedom• Pennsylvania: 1682: Pennsylvania: 1682:

Quakers: Wm. PennQuakers: Wm. Penn• Rhode Island: Roger Rhode Island: Roger

WilliamsWilliams– ExileExile– Relations with tribesRelations with tribes

• Maryland: Lord Maryland: Lord Baltimore: CatholicBaltimore: Catholic

• SC and NJ experimentsSC and NJ experiments• French HuguenotsFrench Huguenots• Catholic Spain and Catholic Spain and

FranceFrance

• Established Established churches in 9 churches in 9 colonies (tax colonies (tax supported)supported)

– Anglican: NY, Md, Anglican: NY, Md, Va, NC, SC, GaVa, NC, SC, Ga

– Congregational: Congregational: Mass., Conn, NHMass., Conn, NH

– Quakers: PaQuakers: Pa

Page 11: APUSH – October, 4 th
Page 12: APUSH – October, 4 th

Union of Church & State: Union of Church & State: BacklashBacklash

• Fear of tyrannyFear of tyranny– church and statechurch and state– SPG (Society for the SPG (Society for the

Propagation of the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Gospel in Foreign Parts) seen as a Parts) seen as a conspiracyconspiracy

• Examples:Examples:– Roger WilliamsRoger Williams– Anne HutchinsonAnne Hutchinson– Mary Dyer – QuakerMary Dyer – Quaker

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Dyer

Page 13: APUSH – October, 4 th

PeoplePeopleRoger WilliamsRoger Williams

AnneAnneHutchinsonHutchinson

• Mary DyerMary Dyer

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Anne_Hutchinson_on_Trial.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Roger_Williams_and_Narragansetts.jpg

Page 14: APUSH – October, 4 th

America Overwhelmingly America Overwhelmingly ProtestantProtestant

• 1775:1775:– 3142 church 3142 church

buildings – only 56 buildings – only 56 Catholic, 5 JewishCatholic, 5 Jewish

– More than 98% More than 98% Protestant (USA Protestant (USA now more than now more than 20% Catholic, 3% 20% Catholic, 3% Jewish)Jewish)

• Called the “Penal Called the “Penal Period” by Catholic Period” by Catholic historians historians – All colonies had All colonies had

anti-Catholic laws anti-Catholic laws at one timeat one time

Page 15: APUSH – October, 4 th

CHANGES during the CHANGES during the Colonial PeriodColonial Period

• Multitude of Multitude of religionsreligions

• Calvinism Calvinism influentialinfluential

• Energized by Great Energized by Great AwakeningAwakening

• Many unchurchedMany unchurched• Religions Religions

contributed to rise contributed to rise of political libertyof political liberty

• 4 largest:4 largest:– Congregational – Congregational –

21%21%– Presbyterian – 19%Presbyterian – 19%– Anglican – 16%Anglican – 16%– Baptist – 16%Baptist – 16%

Page 16: APUSH – October, 4 th

Influence of CalvinInfluence of Calvin

• Emphasis on Emphasis on evangelical Calvinism:evangelical Calvinism:

• Emphasis on the Emphasis on the individual’s direct individual’s direct relationship with God relationship with God rather than the rather than the church’s corporate church’s corporate oneone

• Emphasis on emotion, Emphasis on emotion, not doctrinenot doctrine

Page 17: APUSH – October, 4 th

Influence of Great AwakeningInfluence of Great Awakening1730s-40s1730s-40s

• Reinvigorated Calvinistic Reinvigorated Calvinistic influence influence

• Missionaries to Missionaries to Westerners and IndiansWesterners and Indians

• In-FightingIn-Fighting– Old Lights vs. New Old Lights vs. New

LightsLights

• Colleges established Colleges established to train ministersto train ministers– Princeton Princeton – King’s College – King’s College –

ColumbiaColumbia– RI College – BrownRI College – Brown– Queens College – Queens College –

RutgersRutgers– -Dartmouth College-Dartmouth College

Page 18: APUSH – October, 4 th

Jonathan Edwards and Jonathan Edwards and George WhitefieldGeorge Whitefield

Page 19: APUSH – October, 4 th

Many unchurched or DeistsMany unchurched or Deists• Many never Many never

attendedattended– 1776: Philadelphia1776: Philadelphia– Few churches or Few churches or

missionaries in missionaries in backwoods areasbackwoods areas

– DeismDeism

• Religion or philosophy Religion or philosophy that sees God reflected that sees God reflected in nature and known in nature and known through reason and through reason and personal reflection, or personal reflection, or unknowableunknowable

• Generally rejects Generally rejects supernatural events or supernatural events or divine interference in divine interference in human lifehuman life

• Generally rejects organized religion

Page 20: APUSH – October, 4 th

Contribution to Political Contribution to Political Liberty:Liberty:

• James I: “No bishop, no James I: “No bishop, no king” – attack on the king” – attack on the church was attack on church was attack on the crownthe crown

• Concept of natural Concept of natural laws, natural rights fed laws, natural rights fed by deismby deism

• Weak church Weak church organization and organization and control spurred control spurred individualism (Calvin’s individualism (Calvin’s emphasis on individual)emphasis on individual)

• Disestablishment Disestablishment came only because it came only because it proved too difficult to proved too difficult to establish a single establish a single church: they tried!church: they tried!

• Separation of church Separation of church and stateand state– Religious freedom was Religious freedom was

not the original desirenot the original desire– For example: Maryland For example: Maryland

act of toleration act of toleration

Page 21: APUSH – October, 4 th

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:GROWTH1850.JPG

Page 22: APUSH – October, 4 th

Colonial MapsColonial Maps

http://www.fasttrackteaching.com/T_M06_ColAmerCP300g15.gif

• Maryland: Catholic Maryland: Catholic (1649: Toleration Act)(1649: Toleration Act)

• Massachusetts Bay: Massachusetts Bay: PuritanPuritan

• Pennsylvania: tolerantPennsylvania: tolerant

• Plymouth: PuritanPlymouth: Puritan

• Rhode Island: tolerantRhode Island: tolerant

• Virginia: Church of Virginia: Church of EnglandEngland

• Spanish Florida: Spanish Florida: Catholic Catholic

• New France (lower New France (lower Canada): CatholicCanada): Catholic

• (later) Upper Canada: (later) Upper Canada: Church of EnglandChurch of England

Page 23: APUSH – October, 4 th

Resources used:Resources used:

• Becker, Bruce, notes.Becker, Bruce, notes.

• Brewer, Jaques, Jones, and King. “Religion in Colonial America.” Brewer, Jaques, Jones, and King. “Religion in Colonial America.” http://www.uncp.edu/home/canada/work/allam/16071783/religion.htm, viewed Sept. 21, 2007http://www.uncp.edu/home/canada/work/allam/16071783/religion.htm, viewed Sept. 21, 2007

• ““Religion and the Founding of the American Republic”, Library of Congress. Religion and the Founding of the American Republic”, Library of Congress. http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/religion/, viewed 21 Sept 07http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/religion/, viewed 21 Sept 07

• ““Gilbert Tennent”, http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0848163.htmlGilbert Tennent”, http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0848163.html

• http://www.quaker.org/wmpenn.htmlhttp://www.quaker.org/wmpenn.html

Page 24: APUSH – October, 4 th

PeoplePeopleRoger WilliamsRoger Williams

AnneAnneHutchinsonHutchinson

• AntinomianismAntinomianism– Belief that “child of God” Belief that “child of God”

need not be restrained need not be restrained by civil or other lawby civil or other law

• Exiled from PlymouthExiled from Plymouth

• Death at hands of Death at hands of Indians was taken to Indians was taken to be divine retributionbe divine retribution

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Anne_Hutchinson_on_Trial.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Roger_Williams_and_Narragansetts.jpg

• Kicked out of Mass. BayKicked out of Mass. Bay

• Founded RIFounded RI

• Religious FreedomReligious Freedom

• Treatment of Native Treatment of Native AmericansAmericans

Page 25: APUSH – October, 4 th

Jonathan Edwards and Jonathan Edwards and George WhitefieldGeorge Whitefield

• Methodist PreacherMethodist Preacher

• RevivalistRevivalist

• ““Sinners in the Hands Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”of an Angry God”

• Preached during Preached during “Great Awakening”“Great Awakening”

• Foe of the “halfway Foe of the “halfway covenant”covenant”