APUSH

Mrs. Tills is AWESOME!!!

History is FUN

• Refers to the fact that during Jackson’s presidency, the common man (lower and middle classes) became more involved in politics

UHS Titans #1

A.Universal male suffrageB.Party nominating conventionsC.Popular election of PresidentD.The number of elected offices expandedE.Popular campaigningF. Spoils system & rotation of officeholders

• New western states (IN, IL, MO) allowed ALL white males to vote/hold office

• NO property or religious qualifications needed• Eastern states soon followed

Voting Requirements – 19th Century

• Previously: candidates for office were nominated by state legislatures or caucuses (closed-door meetings of party leaders)

• By the 1830s: nominating conventions started– Party leaders AND voters would meet at a convention

to nominate

• 1832: all states but SC allowed voters to choose their members of the electoral college– Starts the system whereby the PEOPLE choose the

electors, who then vote for the PEOPLE’s candidate

• More state and local leaders were elected as opposed to appointed

• Increased popular participation in politics

• Campaigns became directed toward common man• Good because…– It got more people involved with floats, parades, rallies

• Bad because…– Important issues downplayed– Campaign “slogans” emerge– Campaigns became personal, attacked opponents

“character”

• Based on the idea that common men could hold government jobs– Spoils System: loyal party members rewarded with

jobs for service to party (sometimes promoted corruption)

– Rotation of Officeholders: limited those he appointed to one term so other party members could have a term

• Secretary of State– Martin Van Buren– Edward Livingston– Louis McLane– John Forsyth

• Secretary of Treasury– Samuel D. Ingham– Louis McLane– William Duane– Roger Taney– Levi Woodbury

• Secretary of War– John Eaton– Lewis Cass– Benjamin Butler

• Attorney General– John Berrien– Roger Taney– Benjamin Butler

• Postmaster General– William Barry– Amos Kendall

• Secretary of Navy– John Branch– Levi Woodbury– Mahlon Dickerson

• Frugal Jeffersonian (cheap)– Opposed to increased federal spending– Opposed to increased national debt

• Strict constructionist– Vetoed more bills (12) than total vetoed by 6

predecessors

A.The Peggy Eaton AffairB.The Indian Removal Act of 1830C.The Nullification CrisisD.The Destruction of the Bank of the United States

• Wife of Jackson’s Secretary of War• Suspected of being adulteress• Shunned by other Cabinet wives• AJ tries to force wives to accept her, but his

Cabinet resigns instead• VP Calhoun resigns over Peggy Eaton as well

(Eaton is made official hostess of White House)

• Forced the resettlement of Native Americans west of the Mississippi River

• By 1835, most Indians had complied• States passed laws on Indian removal too (and

Indians challenged them at times)• Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831)• Worcester v. Georgia (1832)

1.What sparked the Crisis?2.What escalated the Crisis?3.What was Jackson’s position?4.How was the Crisis solved?

• Tariff of 1828 = Tariff of Abominations– Meant to protect northern industry from European

competition– For the South the result was…• Higher prices for European goods

– Reduction of cotton exports – WHY???

• Pick up Ch 13 Workbook packet from the table

• John C. Calhoun’s nullification theory– Said each state could declare FEDERAL law

unconstitutional if it wanted to– So SC nullified the Tariff of 1828

• 1832: SC nullification convention– Nullified Tariff of 1828 AND new Tariff of 1832

• He was for states’ rights, BUT NOT IF IT WOULD RESULT IN DISSOLUTION OF UNION

• Reacted to nullification convention by…– Preparing to invade SC with federal troops– Issued Proclamation to the People of SC (nullification

disunion was treason)– Got Force Bill: gave him authority to invade SC

(personally)

• Jackson’s threat of force AND his offering a reduction in tariff make SC retreat on nullification

1.What did the 2nd Bank of the United States do?2.Why did Jackson hate the 2nd Bank of the US?3.Why did the 2nd Bank of the US become an issue

under Jackson?4.How did Jackson finally kill the 2nd Bank of the US?

• Issued its own money (start of national currency)• Acted as bank for federal government (which

deposited its money – tax revenue – there)• Provided some measure of control over large

section of the economy

• Said it was unconstitutional– He was a strict constructionist

• Hated the paper money it issued– He said only safe money was gold/silver; which

controlled inflation

• Said it represented too much concentration of power in hands of too few people– Nicholas Biddle

• Because it’s charter ran out in 1836; had to renewed– Henry Clay applied for recharter in 1832– Hoped to provoke Jackson into “hot-tempered”

response he could use against Jackson in 1832 election– Jackson VETOED the Bank recharter bill

• Jackson told his Secretary of Treasury (Roger Taney) to…– Withdraw federal deposits fro the Bank as needed– Deposit new government revenue in so-called

“Pet Banks” (state banks)

• A bank without $ goes out of business