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APUSH Content Review #1 Unit 1 (Colonies) Unit 2 (American Revolution- Constitution)

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APUSH Content Review #1. Unit 1 (Colonies) Unit 2 (American Revolution-Constitution). Colonial History Review. Jamestown survived as the first permanent British settlement in America because of . the emergence of tobacco as a cash crop the mild climate of Virginia - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: APUSH Content Review #1

APUSH Content Review #1

Unit 1 (Colonies)Unit 2 (American Revolution-

Constitution)

Page 2: APUSH Content Review #1

Colonial History Review

Page 3: APUSH Content Review #1

Jamestown survived as the first permanent British settlement in America because of

1. the emergence of tobacco as a cash crop

2. the mild climate of Virginia 3. its use of Indian slaves as a labor

force 4. the religious convictions of its first

settlers

Page 4: APUSH Content Review #1

The Pilgrims were also known as Separatists because they:

1. wanted to separate Plymouth from the Massachusetts Bay colony

2. believed in the complete separation of church and state

3. broke all ties with the Church of England 4. tried to isolate the Native Americans

from white settlers

Page 5: APUSH Content Review #1

In founding the colony of Georgia, James Oglethorpe's primary purpose was to

1. provide a refuge for persecuted English Quakers

2. gain a base for launching English expeditions against Spanish Florida

3. provide a refuge for persecuted Christians from all parts of Europe

4. provide a refuge for English debtors

Page 6: APUSH Content Review #1

The Mayflower Compact could best be described as

1. a detailed frame of government 2. a complete constitution 3. a foundation for self-government 4. an list of the causes for leaving

England and coming to America

Page 7: APUSH Content Review #1

What was a proprietary colony?1. a colony like Virginia that was run

like a business 2. a colony like Pennsylvania that was

sponsored by a religious group3. a colony like Massachusetts that

was forced to acknowledge the king4. a colony like New Jersey that was

run as a privately owned estate

Page 8: APUSH Content Review #1

In the 17c, the Great Migration refers to the

1. settlement of the Puritans in Massachusetts and other colonies

2. immigration of Irish to the colonies3. expansion of white settlement

across the Appalachian Mountains 4. trade in slaves between West Africa

and the West Indies

Page 9: APUSH Content Review #1

The Virginia House of Burgesses and the New England town meetings were similar in that they

1. originated in a New England colony 2. were completely independent of

colonial governors 3. were both responsible to the

established church of the colony 4. represented colonial participation in

government

Page 10: APUSH Content Review #1

In the early 1600s, migrants to New England differed from those in the Chesapeake because

1. New England settlement was sponsored by individual proprietors

2. New Englanders immigrated in family groups

3. in the harsher climate of New England led to higher death tolls

4. New England immigrants tended to be motivated by a desire for wealth

Page 11: APUSH Content Review #1

The headright system adopted in Virginia1. determined the eligibility of a settler

for voting and holding office 2. toughened the laws applying to

indentured servants 3. prohibited the settlement of single

men and women in the colony 4. gave 50 acres to anyone who would

transport an indentured servant to the colony

Page 12: APUSH Content Review #1

Which of the following was NOT involved in the colonial Triangular Trade network?

1. rum 2. slaves 3. cotton 4. tobacco

Page 13: APUSH Content Review #1

The theory of mercantilism would be consistent with which statements?:

1. economies prosper most when trade is restricted as little as possible

2. colonies are of little economic importance to the mother country

3. it is vital that a country imports more than it exports

4. a government should direct the economy so as to maximize exports

Page 14: APUSH Content Review #1

The long-range purpose of the Albany Congress in 1754 was to

1. achieve colonial unity and common defense against the French threat

2. propose independence of the colonies from Britain

3. declare war on the Iroquois nation 4. prohibit New England and New York

from trading with the West Indies

Page 15: APUSH Content Review #1

Prior to 1763, the British policy of "salutary neglect“:

1. allowed royal colonies to elect their own governors

2. did not enforce the Navigation Acts 3. encouraged colonists to establish

their own parliament 4. withdrew British soldiers from North

America

Page 16: APUSH Content Review #1

Bacon's Rebellion was supported mainly by

1. the planter class of Virginia 2. young men frustrated by their

inability to acquire land 3. those protesting the increased

importation of African slaves 4. people from Jamestown only

Page 17: APUSH Content Review #1

What did the Great Awakening and inter-colonial trade have in common

1. they created disdain for England 2. they contributed to a growing sense

of shared American identity 3. they created a rebellious spirit in

America 4. they helped create imperial rivalry

between England and France

Page 18: APUSH Content Review #1

Voyages of European Exploration

Page 19: APUSH Content Review #1

Spanish French English

Purpose of Colonies/ Exploration

State Directed: Find W route to Asia Wealth (gold & silver) Religious conversion Expand the Spanish Empire

State Directed: Find NW passage to Asia Establish wealth (fur trade) Expand the French Empire

Individually Directed: Religious tolerance;

Religious purity Establish wealth (cash

crops); Avoid poverty Escape turmoil or jail

Geographic Region Colonized/ Explored

Central America, South America, present-day Mexico, Florida, SW North America

Canada, New Orleans, Haiti, northern Mississippi River region

Eastern coast of North America along Atlantic Ocean, Hudson Bay, & the Caribbean

Contacts &

Interactions with Native Americans

Some trade; mostly conquest: Taino, Aztecs, Incas,

SE & SW Indians Disease spread Intermarriage

Significant trade partners with Eastern Woodlands Indians

“Frontier of exclusion” Clash with Eastern Woodlands Indians (Powhattan) Assisted whites: Squanto in NE Pocahontas in Jamestown

Labor Systems

Native slave labor African slave labor in South

America & Caribbean Islands

Encomienda (Plantations)

Settlers did the work of hunting for pelts (coureur des bois)

Slave labor used in Haiti

Chesapeake: Yeoman farmers Indentured Servitude African Slavery

New England: Families/Yeoman

Loose or Strict Control by Mother

Country Strict control Strict control Loose control

(Salutary Neglect)

Degree of “Success” of Colonization/

Exploration

Gained great wealth from exploration, but failed to establish lasting colonies (which was never the goal)

Gained some wealth from Canada but never control a continuous colony down the Mississippi river; New Orleans excellent trade port

Some wealth from tobacco plantations; Success lies in permanence of colonies in America

Page 20: APUSH Content Review #1

Voyages of European Exploration

Page 21: APUSH Content Review #1

Chesapeake New England Middle Southern

Identify the Colonies

Virginia (Jamestown) Maryland

Plymouth Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Others

New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware

North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

Initial Purpose

Joint-Stock Co to gain wealth for settlers & investors

Religious communities for persecuted Pilgrims & Puritans

Holy Experiment, Quakers

Proprietary (PA, NY)

Buffer between Spain & English colonies (GA)

Gain wealth

Economies & Labor Systems

Tobacco Lots of yeoman

farmers, Indentured servants, & slaves

Fishing, rum, ships Yeoman farming

villages with few slaves or servants

Intermediary shipping

Grain production Yeoman farmers

Plantations (rice, indigo)

Lots of yeomen servants, & slaves

Religion Mostly Anglican

settlers Catholics (MD)

Puritans (Mass Bay)

Pilgrims (Plymouth)

Great diversity of religions

Quakers (NJ, PA)

Mostly Anglican settlers

Society

Short life expectancy

Individualistic Few women House of Burgesses

Congregationalist Self-sacrificed Families & schools Grandparents Town hall meetings

Very diverse “Holy Experiment”

(PA) failed Royal governors

Diverse society Barbados Slave

Code Royal governors

Important People

• John Smith• John Rolfe • Bacon & Berkeley

John Winthrop Roger Williams &

Anne Hutchinson

William Penn James of York

James Oglethorpe (GA)

Immigration Patterns

Headright system Young single males African slaves

Great Puritan Migration

Families

Diverse: Recruited from England, Ireland, Germany

English settlers African slaves Imprisoned debtors

Page 22: APUSH Content Review #1

North America

after 1763

America in 1750 America in 1763

“Salutary Neglect” ?

“Parliamentary Sovereignty” ?

“Virtual Representation” ?

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American Revolution Review

Page 24: APUSH Content Review #1

Which was NOT a result of the French and Indian War (Seven Years' War)?

1. France lost Canada 2. England incurred high war costs 3. England gained Louisiana 4. England made a decision to

reinvigorate the mercantile system

Page 25: APUSH Content Review #1

According to the Proclamation of 1763 1. colonial militiamen were required

to put down Pontiac's Rebellion 2. contact between colonials and

Indians was strictly forbidden 3. settlers were prohibited from

crossing the Appalachians 4. speculators could purchase land

from trans-Appalachian tribes

Page 26: APUSH Content Review #1

England passed the Stamp Act in 1765 to 1. punish Americans for protests to

the Sugar Act 2. raise money to reduce England's

national debt 3. allow for illegal search-and-

seizure of smugglers 4. allow Americans to settle the Ohio

River Valley

Page 27: APUSH Content Review #1

Thomas Paine's Common Sense:1. urged Americans to declare their

independence 2. was a call for the abolition of slavery 3. insisted that colonists be allowed to

elect representatives to Parliament 4. criticized the weaknesses of the

Articles of Confederation

Page 28: APUSH Content Review #1

The most important consequence of the Boston Tea Party was the

1. repeal of the tax on tea 2. failure of other colonies to support

Boston's action 3. opening of negotiations between

Britain and Massachusetts 4. enactment by Parliament of the

Coercive (Intolerable) Acts

Page 29: APUSH Content Review #1

The British response to the American claim of “no taxation without representation” was 1. colonial assemblies would be

permitted to vote on all new taxes 2. taxes were used for internal

improvements in the colonies 3. members of Parliament represented

the interests of all British citizens 4. Parliament ended the majority of its

taxes on the colonies

Page 30: APUSH Content Review #1

During the 1760s and 1770s the most effective tactic in gaining the repeal of the

Stamp and Townshend Acts was 1. tarring & feathering British tax agents 2. sending petitions to the king and

Parliament 3. boycotting British goods 4. destroying private property, such as

tea, on which a tax to be levied

Page 31: APUSH Content Review #1

Which of the following contributed most to the American victory in the Revolution?

1. French military and financial assistance after Saratoga

2. the failure of Loyalists to participate in military action

3. a major American military victory at Valley Forge

4. the British failure to capture Philadelphia

Page 32: APUSH Content Review #1

What was the role of African-Americans in the American Revolution?

1. as the war dragged on, southern blacks were welcomed to enlist

2. Americans generally avoided arming blacks, but the British recruited slaves

3. though slaves, they rallied around the revolutionary ideas of freedom

4. Many slaves escaped and were welcomed in the North and Canada

Page 33: APUSH Content Review #1

Britain enjoyed all of the following advantages in the Revolution EXCEPT

1. the greatest navy and best-equipped army in the world

2. superior industrial resources 3. greater commitment to the conflict 4. a coherent structure of command

Page 34: APUSH Content Review #1

The Treaty of Paris in 1783 stipulated all of the following EXCEPT:

1. British recognition of American independence

2. boundaries of the USA to the Mississippi River

3. Americans allow British collection of prewar debts from colonists

4. Americans gained Florida from Spain

Page 35: APUSH Content Review #1
Page 36: APUSH Content Review #1

North America after the Treaty

of Paris, 1783

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“Critical Period” & Early National Period

Review

Page 38: APUSH Content Review #1

Women emerged from the American Revolution with the new responsibility of:

1. enjoying the vote 2. serving in local political office 3. becoming public school teachers 4. raising sons and daughters as good

republican citizens

Page 39: APUSH Content Review #1

The Land Ordinance of 1785 established what precedent for new territories ?

1. town hall meetings 2. fair treatment of Indians 3. popular sovereignty 4. public funds for education

Page 40: APUSH Content Review #1

The Judiciary Act of 1789 created

1. a system of lower federal courts 2. elections for federal judges 3. the possibility of impeachment of

federal officials 4. state courts

Page 41: APUSH Content Review #1

Which best reflects the economic hardships of the "Critical Period"?

1. the Stamp Act Congress 2. the Northwest Ordinance 3. the Embargo Act of 1807 4. Shay's Rebellion

Page 42: APUSH Content Review #1

During the 1790s, Federalists and Republicans disagreed over all of the following EXCEPT

1. the Bank of the United States 2. foreign policy toward England and

France 3. Hamilton’s funding & assumption

plan 4. democracy versus republicanism

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Three Branches of Government

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The supremacy clause establishes the Constitution (not the states) as the

"the supreme law of the land"

Federalism—state gov’ts & the national gov’t both have power

A state law cannot contradict a national law

Page 47: APUSH Content Review #1

Colonial Governments1607-1781

Articles of Confederation1781-1789

Constitution1789-present

Taxes

Taxes imposed by British crown & enforced by royal governors & tax collectors; County-courts could determine local tax rates

Left up to the individual states; central gov’t did not have power to tax but can request funds from states

Both the federal gov’t and the states have the power to tax (Federalism!)

Legislative Authority

Salutary neglect led to formation of colonial assemblies; Real authority rested with governor & king

Unicameral legislature; Each state has one vote in Congress but Congress is intentionally weak to leave most legislative decisions to the states

Bicameral legislature with House & Senate; States make laws too (Federalism!)

Executive Authority

Royal governors & king enforced laws; Governor’s councils advised the governor

No president; no authority has veto power over the states; State governors are powerless as well

President determined by Electoral College; Has veto power over Congress; Can make judicial appointments

Judicial Authority

Royal courts & county-courts; Judges chosen by royal governor

Judicial authority left up to state courts; Central gov’t has authority to handle disputes between states

Supreme Court established; Federal Courts given power to enforce federal law; State courts still in place

Advantages Provided for regional differences

Sovereign states; no tyrannical oppression

More powerful central gov’t and sovereign states; Federalism!

DisadvantagesColonies gradually lost ability to make local decisions (Parliamentary Sovereignty)

No power to tax, no national leadership, Difficult to amend constitution or pass laws

States cannot act in ways that conflict with national laws

Page 48: APUSH Content Review #1

Washington’s Cabinet Henry Knox, Secretary of War

Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of Treasury

Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of State

George Washington, President

Edmund Randolph, Attorney General

Page 49: APUSH Content Review #1

Hamilton (Federalist) Jefferson (Democratic-Republican)

Role of Government

A strong national gov’t is necessary; the “elite” should rule over the masses

The states should have power to protect the yeoman farmers from potential tyrants

Payment of National & State

DebtsThe national gov’t should “assume” all state

debts & should “fund” debts at full value;

States like Virginia who paid off their debts should not have to help more negligible

states pay off their debts

Tariffs The U.S. gov’t should tax imported goods to generate revenue to pay off debts

The states should not be subject to national taxes; Import taxes hurt yeoman farmers

by making products more expensive

The U.S. Economy

U.S. gov’t should support build infrastructure to support manufacturing

U.S. is a land dominated by yeoman farmers whose interests need to be protected

Creating a National Bank

America needs a BUS to regulate currency & interest rates

The BUS is unconstitutional & places too much power in the hands of the elite

Interpretation of the Constitution

The elastic clause allows for a loose interpretation of the Constitution to fit the

needs of the nation

The national gov’t can only operate under the powers clearly expressed in the

Constitution

Whiskey Rebellion

The national gov’t can issue taxes to raise revenue; The Whiskey Rebellion is a

Republican plot to promote states’ rights

The national gov’t should npt taxes the states; The gov’t used the army to stifle

legitimate opposition to an unfair tax.

French Revolution

The U.S. should support England, not France, due to England’s superior

economic system

The U.S. should support France due to its conviction to liberty & assistance during

the American Revolution

Page 50: APUSH Content Review #1

ConstitutionReview

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The group most likely to approve of the Articles of Confederation would be

1. former Continental army officers2. those who feared strong central

government 3. bankers, merchants, and financiers 4. those who feared the dangers of

unrestrained democracy

Page 52: APUSH Content Review #1

In order to become a law, a bill in Congress must

1. receive a 2/3 majority of the votes in Congress

2. receive a 3/4 majority of the votes in each house of Congress

3. receive a 2/3 majority of votes in each house of Congress

4. pass both houses of Congress in identical form

Page 53: APUSH Content Review #1

Which amendment was NOT part of the Bill of Rights?:

1. freedoms of speech, press, religion2. trial by jury 3. protection against illegal search 4. direct election of senators

Page 54: APUSH Content Review #1

Under the Constitution, the status of the Indian tribes in the west was

1. not clearly defined 2. that of conquered nations 3. that of independent nations 4. the same as states

Page 55: APUSH Content Review #1

All were weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation government EXCEPT

1. it lacked the power to levy taxes 2. it lacked the power to regulate trade 3. it lacked the power to borrow money 4. it lacked a strong executive

Page 56: APUSH Content Review #1

The central compromise of the Constitutional Convention involved the

1. balance of powers among the 3 branches of the federal government

2. relationship of state & federal powers 3. abandonment of the Articles of

Confederation 4. representation of large & small states

Page 57: APUSH Content Review #1

The first amendments to the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, were added to protect

1. the states from the power of the federal government

2. individual citizens from the power of the federal and state governments

3. minorities from the majority 4. individual citizens from the power of

the federal government

Page 58: APUSH Content Review #1

The fact that the Constitution provided for federalism and checks and balances suggests 1. the original thirteen states sought to

dominate the national government 2. the writers desired the national

government to rule over the states 3. the American people at that time

supported a military government 4. its writers feared a concentration of

political power

Page 59: APUSH Content Review #1

Both the Articles of Confederation and the U.S. Constitution provided for

1. a Congress with legislative powers 2. a Supreme Court with judicial power3. president with executive powers 4. local governments with veto powers

Page 60: APUSH Content Review #1

According to the U. S. Constitution, revenue bills must originate with

1. the House of Representatives 2. the Senate 3. either house of Congress 4. the president

Page 61: APUSH Content Review #1

In Constitution, each may be accomplished by a simple majority vote EXCEPT

1. Congress declares war 2. Congress passes a law 3. the Senate ratifies a treaty 4. the electoral college must

select a president

Page 62: APUSH Content Review #1

The “father of the Constitution” drafted the plan to replace the Articles of Confederation

and developed the “Great Compromise” 1. Alexander Hamilton2. Thomas Jefferson3. James Madison4. James Monroe

Page 63: APUSH Content Review #1

This part of the Constitution gives Congress the power to pass laws that are

"necessary and proper"1. Habeas Corpus 2. Elastic Clause 3. Federalism 4. Due Process

Page 64: APUSH Content Review #1

A Constitutional guarantee that persons under legal investigation receive fair treatment from government officials

1. Double Jeopardy 2. Self Incrimination3. Due Process of Law4. Habeas Corpus

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The belief that the national government can exercise only those powers that are

specifically stated by the Constitution 1. Elastic Clause2. Strict Construction3. Loose Construction4. Original Jurisdiction

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A form of government in which power is shared by different political levels, as

between states and the national government1. Separation of Powers2. Democracy 3. Republicanism 4. Federalism

Page 67: APUSH Content Review #1

This plan called for a national government with a bicameral legislature with members

proportional to each state’s population1. Virginia Plan2. New Jersey Plan3. Albany Plan4. Crittenden Plan

Page 68: APUSH Content Review #1

Any power given to the national government based on the "elastic clause" and is not

directly stated in the Constitution is called a

1. Delegated power2. Implied Power3. Reserved Power4. Enumerated Power

Page 69: APUSH Content Review #1

Which of the following best describes the impact of Shay’s Rebellion?

1. Revision of the Articles of Confederation2. A call for stronger central authority3. The movement toward state’s rights 4. The Tories still in America to strengthen their

position