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APUSH – April 27 Objectives: To continue to review for the AP exam Due today: Nothing Homework: Study for the exam Agenda: Political Parties and key eleections review

APUSH – April 27

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APUSH – April 27. Objectives: To continue to review for the AP exam Due today: Nothing Homework: Study for the exam Agenda: Political Parties and key eleections review. Review Instructions. Read through the PowerPoint Note anything you need to review further - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: APUSH – April 27

APUSH – April 27

Objectives: To continue to review for the AP exam

Due today: Nothing

Homework: Study for the exam

Agenda: Political Parties and key eleections review

Page 2: APUSH – April 27

Review Instructions

Read through the PowerPoint Note anything you need to review further When you are done, work through your notes and

locate the information that you need to further review in your textbook.

Page 3: APUSH – April 27

ADAPTED BY R. HORNER FROM M. ELLINGTON, N. MILLER AND J. ROZENSWEIG

Development of Political Parties and Key Elections

Page 4: APUSH – April 27

Phases of the Party System

First Party System – late 1790s and early 1800s Parties not really legitimate

institutions Factions Federalist / Republican

(Hamilton / Jefferson) Second Party System – mid -

1800s Politics of the people

(Jackson) Democrats / Whigs

Third Party System – post war Republicans / Democrats Close elections and high

electoral turnout Highly personal elections Ends with McKinley

Fourth Party System – 1896 – 1932 Republican party dominance

(28 of next 36 yrs) Decreasing voter participation

and weakening political parties

Rise of new issues: industrial regulation and labor issues

Fifth Party System Started with FDR and the New

Deal Period of Democratic

dominance

All periods, except the 5th, were about 40 years long.

Page 5: APUSH – April 27

Development after the Revolutionary War

Continuity from the Revolutionary WarPolitical Parties in the 1790s

Essentials of a political party Issues that mattered

Hamilton’s PoliciesSplit over Foreign AffairsAlien and Sedition ActsParties by 1800

Page 6: APUSH – April 27

First Two Party System

Federalists V. Republicans 1780’s-1801Federalists favored strong central

governmentRepublicans favored states’ rightsIn practice the generalization about the two

parties were often blurred and sometimes contradicted

Page 7: APUSH – April 27

Second Two-Party System

Democrats v. Whigs 1836-1850Democrats were the party of traditionWhigs were the party of modernization

Page 8: APUSH – April 27

Mid-19th Century Political Crisis

Disputes over slavery in the territories first erode, then destroy what had become America’s second 2 party system. The erosion began in the 1840s as various factions opposed the post Jackson Democratic political coalition begin to form.

Liberty Party: Run abolitionist candidate Free Soil Party: Not abolitionist but opposed to the

expansion of slavery in the territoriesWhigs: Split over slaveryAmerican Party: “Know Nothing” partyRepublican Party: Formed in 1854, a coalition of

independent Dems, Free Soilers, and Conscious Whigs united in opposition to the Kansas- Nebraska Bill

Page 9: APUSH – April 27

The Election of 1860

Democrats: Split at 1860 convention when a platform defending slavery was defeated and Deep South walked out.

Republicans: Overtly sectional and opposed to slavery. Platform favored homestead act, protective tariff, and transportation improvements.

Page 10: APUSH – April 27

Politics of the Gilded Age Crisis

Republicans and Democrats: Party differences blur, loyalties determined by region, religious and ethnic differences.

Populist party: Formed in 1891 by remnant of the Farmers’ Alliances

Page 11: APUSH – April 27

Progressive Era Politics

1900-1920Covered 3 presidencies: TR (Repub). Taft

(Repub) and Wilson (Dem)

Page 12: APUSH – April 27

The Republican Era

1921-1933Both Presidency and Congress dominated by

RepublicansPresidents: Harding, Coolidge and Hoover

Page 13: APUSH – April 27

The Political Legacy of the New Deal

Created a Democratic party Coalition that would dominate American Politics for many years

1933-19521948 The “Liberal” or Dem coalition split into

two branches States’ Rights and Progressive Party

Page 14: APUSH – April 27

Post WW2 Politics

Democrats and RepublicansDems: organized labor, urban voters and

immigrantsRepublicans: Pro Business

Page 15: APUSH – April 27

Nixon’s New Federalism

Democrats: by 1960’s deeply fragmented and seemingly incapable of dealing with the violence and turmoil, social and political, caused of Vietnam

Republicans: Opposition to the War in Vietnam and to growing federal social programs “converts” southern Democrats to vote Republican in increasing numbers

Page 16: APUSH – April 27

Reagan and the “New Right”

Democrats: Support environmental legislation, limiting economic development, halting the production of nuclear weapons and power plants

Republicans: fueled by the “liberal” social agenda of the Dems and spurred on by the rise of a militant and well organized Evangelical Christianity most southern states begin voting Republican in considerable majorities.

Page 17: APUSH – April 27

Key Elections

Page 18: APUSH – April 27

Election of 1800

-"Revolution of 1800"-Sweep by Jeffersonian Republicans-Jefferson ties w/Burr

Leads to passage of 12th Amendment

-peaceful transfer of power-less long-term impact than anticipated

Page 19: APUSH – April 27

Election of 1824

-4 way presidential race (Adams, Jackson, Clay, Crawford)

-decision in House of Reps.-Clay's "corrupt bargain" with J. Q. Adams-Ends "Era of Good Feelings"

Page 20: APUSH – April 27

Election of 1828

Jackson vs. J.Q. Adams-"mudslinging"-"Revolution of 1828"-power of the common man and the West

Page 21: APUSH – April 27

Election of 1860

4 way race (Lincoln, Douglas, Breckinridge, Bell)

-severe regional allegiances-results lead directly to S.C. secession

CIVIL WAR!

Page 22: APUSH – April 27

Election of 1876

-Hayes vs. Tilden-Disputed electoral votes in the South-"Compromise of 1877"--Hayes is President--Reconstruction ends

Page 23: APUSH – April 27

Election of 1896

McKinley vs. Bryan-"Cross of Gold" speech-Mark Hanna and the "Gold Bugs"-Beginning of 4th Party System

Page 24: APUSH – April 27

Election of 1912

-4 way race (Taft, Wilson, T. Roosevelt, and Debs)

-"Bull Moose" Progressives split Republican vote

-Wilson only Democratic Pres. in 4th Party System

Page 25: APUSH – April 27

Election of 1920

-Harding vs. Cox-Referendum on the League of Nations-"A Return to Normalcy"

Page 26: APUSH – April 27

Election of 1932

-FDR vs. Hoover-A "New Deal" for the "Forgotten Man"-"Happy Days Are Here Again"-"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself."-Beginnings of 5th Party System

Page 27: APUSH – April 27

Election of 1948

-4 way race (Truman, Dewey, Thurmond, and Wallace)

-Dixiecrats and Wallace's Progressives divide Dem. Vote Dixiecrats: candidate Strom Thurmond

To protect their way of life against an “oppressive federal government”

-"DEWEY DEFEATS TRUMAN“ The beginnings of modern professional polling: a

cautionary lesson

Page 28: APUSH – April 27

Election of 1960

-JFK vs. NixonLBJ as vp choice to attract S

“balancing the ticket”-Impact of television on the election-Southern electors defect

14 unpledged Democratic electors from Alabama & Mississippi vote for Harry Byrd

First Catholic presidentBoth houses of Congress are D“the New Frontier”

Page 29: APUSH – April 27

Election of 1968

-LBJ chooses not to run-RFK is assassinated-Riots at Chicago convention

Anti-war protesters Presidential Commission report: “a police riot”

HHH runs, saddled with war issue-Nixon wins (ushering in Republican

dominance)

Page 30: APUSH – April 27

Election of 1980

-Reagan vs. Carter-Attack on "big government"-Rise of the "new conservatism" and the

"religious right"

Page 31: APUSH – April 27

Elections of 1992 and 1994

-G.H.W. Bush vs. Clinton vs. Perot-"It's the economy, stupid"-Clinton misreads anti-incumbent election as

Dem. triumph

-'94 election, Republican Contract with America

-Reps misread anti-incumbent election as conservative mandate