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APUSH – April 27. Objectives: To continue to review for the AP exam Due today: Nothing Homework: Study for the exam Agenda: Political Parties and key eleections review. Review Instructions. Read through the PowerPoint Note anything you need to review further - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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APUSH – April 27
Objectives: To continue to review for the AP exam
Due today: Nothing
Homework: Study for the exam
Agenda: Political Parties and key eleections review
Review Instructions
Read through the PowerPoint Note anything you need to review further When you are done, work through your notes and
locate the information that you need to further review in your textbook.
ADAPTED BY R. HORNER FROM M. ELLINGTON, N. MILLER AND J. ROZENSWEIG
Development of Political Parties and Key Elections
Phases of the Party System
First Party System – late 1790s and early 1800s Parties not really legitimate
institutions Factions Federalist / Republican
(Hamilton / Jefferson) Second Party System – mid -
1800s Politics of the people
(Jackson) Democrats / Whigs
Third Party System – post war Republicans / Democrats Close elections and high
electoral turnout Highly personal elections Ends with McKinley
Fourth Party System – 1896 – 1932 Republican party dominance
(28 of next 36 yrs) Decreasing voter participation
and weakening political parties
Rise of new issues: industrial regulation and labor issues
Fifth Party System Started with FDR and the New
Deal Period of Democratic
dominance
All periods, except the 5th, were about 40 years long.
Development after the Revolutionary War
Continuity from the Revolutionary WarPolitical Parties in the 1790s
Essentials of a political party Issues that mattered
Hamilton’s PoliciesSplit over Foreign AffairsAlien and Sedition ActsParties by 1800
First Two Party System
Federalists V. Republicans 1780’s-1801Federalists favored strong central
governmentRepublicans favored states’ rightsIn practice the generalization about the two
parties were often blurred and sometimes contradicted
Second Two-Party System
Democrats v. Whigs 1836-1850Democrats were the party of traditionWhigs were the party of modernization
Mid-19th Century Political Crisis
Disputes over slavery in the territories first erode, then destroy what had become America’s second 2 party system. The erosion began in the 1840s as various factions opposed the post Jackson Democratic political coalition begin to form.
Liberty Party: Run abolitionist candidate Free Soil Party: Not abolitionist but opposed to the
expansion of slavery in the territoriesWhigs: Split over slaveryAmerican Party: “Know Nothing” partyRepublican Party: Formed in 1854, a coalition of
independent Dems, Free Soilers, and Conscious Whigs united in opposition to the Kansas- Nebraska Bill
The Election of 1860
Democrats: Split at 1860 convention when a platform defending slavery was defeated and Deep South walked out.
Republicans: Overtly sectional and opposed to slavery. Platform favored homestead act, protective tariff, and transportation improvements.
Politics of the Gilded Age Crisis
Republicans and Democrats: Party differences blur, loyalties determined by region, religious and ethnic differences.
Populist party: Formed in 1891 by remnant of the Farmers’ Alliances
Progressive Era Politics
1900-1920Covered 3 presidencies: TR (Repub). Taft
(Repub) and Wilson (Dem)
The Republican Era
1921-1933Both Presidency and Congress dominated by
RepublicansPresidents: Harding, Coolidge and Hoover
The Political Legacy of the New Deal
Created a Democratic party Coalition that would dominate American Politics for many years
1933-19521948 The “Liberal” or Dem coalition split into
two branches States’ Rights and Progressive Party
Post WW2 Politics
Democrats and RepublicansDems: organized labor, urban voters and
immigrantsRepublicans: Pro Business
Nixon’s New Federalism
Democrats: by 1960’s deeply fragmented and seemingly incapable of dealing with the violence and turmoil, social and political, caused of Vietnam
Republicans: Opposition to the War in Vietnam and to growing federal social programs “converts” southern Democrats to vote Republican in increasing numbers
Reagan and the “New Right”
Democrats: Support environmental legislation, limiting economic development, halting the production of nuclear weapons and power plants
Republicans: fueled by the “liberal” social agenda of the Dems and spurred on by the rise of a militant and well organized Evangelical Christianity most southern states begin voting Republican in considerable majorities.
Key Elections
Election of 1800
-"Revolution of 1800"-Sweep by Jeffersonian Republicans-Jefferson ties w/Burr
Leads to passage of 12th Amendment
-peaceful transfer of power-less long-term impact than anticipated
Election of 1824
-4 way presidential race (Adams, Jackson, Clay, Crawford)
-decision in House of Reps.-Clay's "corrupt bargain" with J. Q. Adams-Ends "Era of Good Feelings"
Election of 1828
Jackson vs. J.Q. Adams-"mudslinging"-"Revolution of 1828"-power of the common man and the West
Election of 1860
4 way race (Lincoln, Douglas, Breckinridge, Bell)
-severe regional allegiances-results lead directly to S.C. secession
CIVIL WAR!
Election of 1876
-Hayes vs. Tilden-Disputed electoral votes in the South-"Compromise of 1877"--Hayes is President--Reconstruction ends
Election of 1896
McKinley vs. Bryan-"Cross of Gold" speech-Mark Hanna and the "Gold Bugs"-Beginning of 4th Party System
Election of 1912
-4 way race (Taft, Wilson, T. Roosevelt, and Debs)
-"Bull Moose" Progressives split Republican vote
-Wilson only Democratic Pres. in 4th Party System
Election of 1920
-Harding vs. Cox-Referendum on the League of Nations-"A Return to Normalcy"
Election of 1932
-FDR vs. Hoover-A "New Deal" for the "Forgotten Man"-"Happy Days Are Here Again"-"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself."-Beginnings of 5th Party System
Election of 1948
-4 way race (Truman, Dewey, Thurmond, and Wallace)
-Dixiecrats and Wallace's Progressives divide Dem. Vote Dixiecrats: candidate Strom Thurmond
To protect their way of life against an “oppressive federal government”
-"DEWEY DEFEATS TRUMAN“ The beginnings of modern professional polling: a
cautionary lesson
Election of 1960
-JFK vs. NixonLBJ as vp choice to attract S
“balancing the ticket”-Impact of television on the election-Southern electors defect
14 unpledged Democratic electors from Alabama & Mississippi vote for Harry Byrd
First Catholic presidentBoth houses of Congress are D“the New Frontier”
Election of 1968
-LBJ chooses not to run-RFK is assassinated-Riots at Chicago convention
Anti-war protesters Presidential Commission report: “a police riot”
HHH runs, saddled with war issue-Nixon wins (ushering in Republican
dominance)
Election of 1980
-Reagan vs. Carter-Attack on "big government"-Rise of the "new conservatism" and the
"religious right"
Elections of 1992 and 1994
-G.H.W. Bush vs. Clinton vs. Perot-"It's the economy, stupid"-Clinton misreads anti-incumbent election as
Dem. triumph
-'94 election, Republican Contract with America
-Reps misread anti-incumbent election as conservative mandate