AP European HistoryNovember 13 – 17 2017

AP Fees are due before we go out for the Thanksgiving break (see your counselor) You will need a book on Wednesday!!!!

MONDAY (Book Optional)

Review Activity on historical themes Interaction and Poverty/Prosperity (INT-1,2) (PP-1,2)

Materials Strategy/FormatText, notes, review sheet Assessment and Review

Student SkillsContextEvaluationPeriodization

Instructions Today we will be doing the first of several similar review activities based upon the historical themes used

by the College Board for the AP exam. These themes will help us organize content and memorize/identify key themes found on the AP Exam. Today we will be using INT which is a new one. This essentially

involves Europeans interactions with non-Europeans. So, that said it is heavy involved in the Age of Exploration and the Atlantic World. The other theme, PP represents economics and class structure. So, not surprisingly mercantilism but also the lives of peasants, nobles, and the growing middle class.

You will need to complete this in class with no extra time given. So, if you are late (as some of you are), you will run out of time.

HomeworkUsing your notes from last week on 18th century social structures and the reading from pp: 577 – 584 prepare for a quiz tomorrow in class. See information below.

TUESDAY Quiz on 18th century social structures (PP-1,2)

Materials Strategy/FormatText, notes, review sheet Assessment and Review

Student SkillsContextEvaluationPeriodization

Instructions Today’s quiz will be without notes and will not likely take the entire period (but you will have the time). It

is based upon the class discussion from Wednesday last week when we discussed rising population, family structures, children and the nature of the class divisions. Hopefully you also read the sections pp: 577 – 584 because some of the questions will come from that source.

The format of the quiz is Short Answer. However, some sources are likely. Who knows, I might even toss in some MC…..

Homework (Textbook tomorrow)Read the following sections for bell work tomorrow. If you want to make notes on the material, you can use on the bell work. But remember, this is a timed assignment. Read the section Religious Authority and Beliefs pp: 596 – 601. Please note that this also includes the primary source 18.5

WEDNESDAY (Textbook Needed) Bell work on 18th century movements in Religion Analyze primary and secondary sources on 18th century medical practices (PP-1)(IS-4,9)

Materials Strategy/FormatBell work questions and textbook Assessment/Review

Sources analysis R.CCR.1

Student SkillsAnalysisInterpretationSynthesis

Instructions Well, it has been a while since you needed the old textbook but for the rest of the semester you will be

using it a bit more often. As I had mentioned last week, we are working on two-paths. You will be using the text to explore more social and cultural dimensions while we continue to explore more political and economic events leading us to out last two major topics of the semester: The French Revolution and Rise of Napoleon.

You will complete the bell work assignment and turn that in separately and then complete a guided reading on the nature of medical practices during the 18th century. This will be completed also in class.

HomeworkNone

THURSDAY and FRIDAY Examine the political, social, and economic causes of the French Revolution (INT-7,10,11)(PP-10)(IS-

6,9,10)(SP-3,4,5,6,7)

Materials Strategy/FormatPPT and video Lecture-discussion

Introduction

There can be little doubt that the French Revolution was one of the most impactful events, not only in European History but also World History. The long-range consequences have reverberated into our modern day world with the commonality of civil rights, liberal democracy, and western values. In many respects the Revolution was another component to the republicanism that we discussed before. In the short range, the revolution will also spawn a series of revolutions and counter-revolutions on into the 19th century.

The resultant spread of liberalism will be praised and vilified in Europe leading to our first war on an ideology similar to what we see in our times with the "war on terrorism." For conservative powers of Europe it will be a "war on liberalism."

The French Revolution had several background causes some of which had little to do with Louis XVI. However, when examining the causes we know full well that the monarchy had to share the brunt of the blame. We saw that the Enlightenment itself had unleashed liberal ideas that would come back to hunt many of the nobles who espoused liberty. Louis XVI himself was far more enlightened than any of his predecessors and this probably played a role in his allowing the Estates-general to meet

This is one of the most important events of European History. The revolution essentially lasted 10 years depending upon what we call the beginning or the end. Most people think of the Revolution as the period when heads were being loped off and the end as when the king and queen were executed. There is however much more. Further, the Revolution spawned political, social, and economic changes. Today, we will look at the start of the Revolution and what, if any changes took place.

To get the ball rolling we will watch a bit of video on the road to revolution.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ye1dwpBPpgE

ProcedureThe Precedents of Revolution

1. The exigencies of war and overspending by Louis XIV and XV

2. The Mississippi Bubble: John Law, a gambling buddy of Louis XV from Scotland became the chief financial advisor. He exaggerated the wealth of Louisiana with an effective marketing scheme, which led to wild speculation on the shares of the company in 1719. The scheme was to have the success of the Mississippi Company combine investor fervor and the wealth of its Louisiana prospects into a sustainable joint-trading company. The popularity of company shares were such that they sparked a need for more paper bank notes, and when shares generated profits the investors were paid out in paper bank notes. In 1720, the bank and company were united and Law was appointed Controller General of Finances to attract capital. Law's pioneering note-issuing bank was successful until the French government was forced to admit that the number of paper notes being issued by the Banque Royale were not equal to the amount of metal coinage it held. The "bubble" burst at the end of 1720, when opponents of the financier attempted en masse to convert their notes into specie, forcing the bank to stop payment on its inflated paper money

3. The Seven Years War 1756 – 1763 obviously was a turning point in royal power as the war cost France much of empire and more of its treasury. The war created an economic issue for France but more importantly emboldened the, to try nearly anything to get revenge. Our Ben Franklin played them like a bunch of chumps convincing them to aid us in our little Revolution against Britain.

4. French loans to the Americans amounted of millions of dollars at a time when France was cash poor. Additionally, many Frenchmen participated in the American Revolution and literally absorbed the rhetoric of liberty. Marquis de Lafayette will be the most important. He fought with Washington’s armies in America and will lead National Guard in the attack on the Bastille signally French Independence Day

5. Climate also played a role. In 1787-1788 two very bad winters struck France weakening grain harvests and thus driving up grain prices. Remember what we said about hungry and angry peasants when bread prices rise!

The Spark1. In need for revenue and believing in the need to gain support for revenue measures, Louis XIV calls the

Estates General into session. This really opened a can of worms. Would Louis XIV have done this?2. The Parlements, the regional assemblies had already started to ignore the monarchy, a clear sign that once

again the nobility was prepared to reassert their power.3. The removal of Jacques Necker and Jacques Collone’s came after they both attempted reforms involving

constraining royal spending.

New Coalitions Form1. Church and Nobles join ranks versus the King. Where will the middle class end up?2. The calling of the Estates General (not since 1614 had it met) Why did the nobles do this?3. Why did the king agree?4. So is this the start of the revolution 1788? While it was revolutionary perhaps to have allowed the meeting

to take place, it was not the real revolution…yet!

The Meeting and Results1. The first major issue that developed was the nature of voting. Previously each estate or class had a single

vote. All of the members would vote on an issue within their group and that would decide the single vote cast by the estate. Obviously the 1st estate (the clergy) and the 2nd estate (the nobles/king) usually would vote together always overruling the lower classes. This is one reason why there was even little reason for the Estates General to convene. However, from the previous 150 years the lowest class, the 3rd Estate had dramatically changed.

2. Abbe Sieyes was seen as a leader of the 3rd Estates and he helped the other estates to realize the change with an essay called “What is the 3rd Estate.” Now instead of peasants and few artisans, there were wealthy banks and other business men, officers in the military/navy, civic leaders, and peasants. Easily 97% or so percent of the population.

3. The Third Estate demanded an alteration in the voting procedure4. The Cahiers des doleances (list of demands)was a list of demands made to the king most of which were

economic and political.

The Tennis Court Oath

1. When it became clear that there seemed to be no intention of allowing the3rd estate an equal voice and following being locked out of the assembly hall at Versailles, they pledged to form a separate government. vowing not to disperse until constitutional reform had been achieved. Within a week, most of the clerical deputies and 47 liberal nobles had joined them, and on June 27 Louis XVI grudgingly absorbed all three orders into the new assembly

2. The National Assembly (sometimes called the National Constitute Assembly) formed when 1st and 2nd Estate realized that they had just been marginalized. If they wanted a voice in the future, then they had no choice but to accede to the demands of the 3rd estate.

3. Was this the Revolution? Probably so and if it could have ended here then the future would have been VERY different.

The Revolution Turns Bloody: The Great Fear and the Attack on the Bastille

On June 12, as the National Assembly (known as the National Constituent Assembly during its work on a constitution) continued to meet at Versailles, fear and violence consumed the capital. Though enthusiastic about the recent breakdown of royal power, Parisians grew panicked as rumors of an impending military coup began to circulate. A popular insurgency culminated on July 14 when rioters stormed the Bastille fortress in an attempt to secure gunpowder and weapons; many consider this event, now commemorated in France as a national holiday, as the start of the French Revolution.

The wave of revolutionary fervor and widespread hysteria quickly swept the countryside. Revolting against years of exploitation, peasants looted and burned the homes of tax collectors, landlords and the seigniorial elite. Known as the Great Fear, the agrarian insurrection hastened the growing exodus of nobles from the country and inspired the National Constituent Assembly to abolish feudalism on August 4, 1789, signing what the historian Georges Lefebvre later called the “death certificate of the old order.”

Establishing a New Government: The Moderate or Bourgeoisie Phase

The Term "Bourgeoisie" was used by Marxist historians to describe the middle-class nature of the initial government. Certainly, the major reforms were moderate: the king was still in power though limited, citizenship was male and based upon property, and labor unions were banned.

August 4, the Assembly adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (“Déclaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen”), a statement of democratic principles grounded in the philosophical and political ideas of Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau . The document proclaimed the Assembly’s commitment to replace the ancien régime with a system based on equal opportunity, freedom of speech, popular sovereignty and representative government.An important feature of the new government was the monarchy. It still played a role and the king was the head of the military (with checks on that power), and was something like a prime minister or president’s law enforcement power. Few if any at this point were really talking about ending the monarchy completely.

Drafting a formal constitution proved much more of a challenge for the National Constituent Assembly, which had the added burden of functioning as a legislature during harsh economic times. For months, its members wrestled with fundamental questions about the shape and expanse of France’s new political landscape. For instance, who would be responsible for electing delegates? Would the clergy owe allegiance to the Roman Catholic Church or the French government? Perhaps most importantly, how much authority would the king, his public image further weakened after a failed attempt to flee in June 1791, retain? Adopted on September 3, 1791, France’s first written constitution echoed the more moderate voices in the Assembly, establishing a constitutional monarchy in which the king enjoyed royal veto power and the ability to appoint ministers.

Conclusion

One has to wonder about the future of France if the moderate phase had solved all of the problems. However, some of the more radical leaders were already starting to wonder if the monarchy could be trusted to yield power. They were to discover that Louis XVI had no intention of becoming a constitutional monarch.

Homework for the weekendAs we mentioned in class, the American Revolution was important in European History because it actually saw the rise of enlightened ideals making them come to life. This weekend’s homework is quite simple: Read the section on the American Revolution pp: 615 – the top of 619 (including primary source 19.1) for bell work on Monday November 20. Also, you might want to bring book and notes that day because we will be doing another Thematic Review. Remember that next week is a VERY short week.