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April 26, 2005 NWEN
Emerging Trends in Wireless Technologies
Jim GramsMark PhillipsJoe McCarthyApril 26, 2005
Introduced by Tom Ryan,President, Athena Chiefswww.athenachiefs.com
April 26, 2005 NWEN
Introduction – Tom Ryan, President, Athena Chiefswww.athenachiefs.com
- 45 minutes of speaker time- 45 minutes of Q&A
- Please hold your questions until all three speakers are finished
April 26, 2005 NWEN
Jim GramsRecently Departed CTO of Cingular Wireless Mobile
Multimedia Groupnow President, Black Oak Associates
www.black-oak-associates.com
April 26, 2005 NWEN
Overview
• Overview of wireless spectrum landscape• Detail of “mature” consumer wireless physical layers• Opportunity Map for Entrepreneurs• Local companies doing wireless• Conclusion
April 26, 2005 NWEN
Perspectives
• Wireless networking is mainstream• Multi-dimensional complexity
– Fixed vs. mobile– Licensed vs. unlicensed– Wide-area vs. Local-area– Organized networks vs. ad-hoc networks
• Technology proliferation evident– Creative chaos confuses and invigorates
• Business considerations– Is the network a business itself?– Is the network simply a capability within another business?– Will content ultimately determine access?
April 26, 2005 NWEN
Types of Networks
Bluetooth-802.15Infrared, RFID
Low cost
Short distances
Cable Replacement,
Cordless telephony in
Emerging market
< 1 Mbps
PANPersonal
Area Network
GSM/(E)GPRSUMTS/3G
802.20
High cost
Long distances
10 to 384 Kbps+
Full mobility, ubiquitous cov., High security, Easy to use
WANWide
Area Network
Medium-High cost
Med-long distances
Fixed, last-mile,
low mobility
22+ Mbps
802.11b/a802.16
LMDS/MMDS
MANMetropolitanArea Network
802.11b802.11a
LANLocal
Area Network
Medium cost
Medium distances
Computer-computer and to the
Internet, Low mobility, IT Intensive,
security issue, NRT services
2 to 54+ Mbps
April 26, 2005 NWEN
802.16
802.11b/WiFi
WLAN/WAN/MAN Data rates and Speed Relationship
Source: Public Wireless LAN Access: A Threat (?) toMobile Operators, Analysis Research, 2001
50
500
1000
10 000
50 000
100 000C
ha
nne
l Tra
nsm
issi
on
rate
(kb
it/s
Bluetooth
Fixed LAN
Blackberry (US)
Bluetooth
802.11a and HiperLAN2
UMTS/802.20(E)GPRS
GSM
Stationary Walkingspeed
Drivingspeed
Nomadic Enhancements (802.16e)
April 26, 2005 NWEN
802.11 Status
• IEEE 802.11a/g– 2.4 GHz, Non-Line of Sight capable– a is widely deployed, g beginning to appear– Classic “hot-spot” WLAN– Practical range maximum about 300’
• IEEE 802.11b– 5 GHZ, Non-Line of Sight capable– b is less well deployed, useful if 2.4 GHz is crowded– Practical range maximum about 150’
• Combination (a/g or a/b) chipsets appearing• Remains the most common WLAN technology
April 26, 2005 NWEN
802.16 Status• IEEE 802.16
– 10-66 GHz, Line of Sight capable– Testing completed, commercial chips available– Allows Point to Point networking (backhaul)– Range up to 20 miles (5 mile practical)
• IEEE 802.16a– 2-11 GHz with extensions to 256QAM/OFDM and other
features– Allows Non-Line of Sight applications– Published April 2003– WiMAX forum has taken on testing responsibility
• IEEE 802.16e– Adding Nomadic “roaming” capabilities
April 26, 2005 NWEN
Mark PhillipsPresident/CEO, A Dot Corporation
www.adotcorporation.com
April 26, 2005 NWEN
Personal Wireless Networks
• RFID– Very short range (10 meters) sensor technology used to
supplement bar-code reader type applications
• Infrared– Short range, usually line-of-sight, non-RF technology,
used mostly for wireless remote control, or wire replacement applications
• Bluetooth– Personal Area Network technology, with lower layers
standardized in 802.15, and network and application layers defined by Bluetooth SIG organization
April 26, 2005 NWEN
New Developments
• NFC (Near Field Communications)– Short distance, secure, low speed transmission protocol,
intended for identification and authorization transactions.
– Similar to Bluetooth, but lower bandwidth. Proposed as a “control signal” protocol to facilitate set up of ad-hoc connections using other protocols (e.g. Bluetooth, infrared) for transmission
– Pioneered by DoCoMo and Phillips. Nokia says they will add NFC chipsets to their devices in future
April 26, 2005 NWEN
Zigbee
• Promoted by the ZigBee Alliance• Very low power (and low speed) short distance (10m)
transmission standard• Operates in 868-918 KHz, and 2.4GHz bands using
802.15.4 PAN standards• Targets self-configuring, ad-hoc networking between
consumer devices (e.g. RC toys, Computer peripherals), sensors and monitors,
• Low power means low cost and very long (up to years!) battery life making “place and forget” device applications feasible
April 26, 2005 NWEN
Opportunity Map checklist
• What is the application/product/service?• Interoperability with new or existing infrastructure?• Cost target? Hardware?• Customer? Consumer, Business • Infrastructure modes: Broadcast, P2P, Infrastructure• Content feeds
April 26, 2005 NWEN
Local Companies• Impinj• Trafficgauge• Wireless Services• Microsoft Smart Personal Objects (MSN Direct)• Intermec• Wildseed• Inrinx• CoCo Communications• Airbiquity• Netmotion Wireless• interrelativity• m-Qube• UI Evolution (now Square Enix)• Etc., etc.
April 26, 2005 NWEN
New Ideas
• Google SMS• Vazu – SMS contacts synchronization• Inrinx – Wireless Traffic • SPOT Watch – wrist top news, sports, weather, IM• Ring-tones, porn, and wallpaper• Wireless anti-virus, anti-spam• Mobile blogs• Multi-player mobile games (e.g. hi-tech ‘tag’)
April 26, 2005 NWEN
Conclusions• Lots of topologies to pick from• No clear applications/business for many of them – unless you make
equipment or are an incumbent carrier• No clear business model for data subscription, device purchases,
blend, minutes, operators, per unit item – phone call, minutes, movie, music?
• Lots of wireless choices, but lack of clear applications• Fragmented device manufactures with low tolerance for radio costs
and no operator subsidy business model.• And we haven’t even discussed complexity in hardware/software
engineering to ship a CE/UL/FCC approved device.
• Equals much opportunity…• A lot of capital is flowing into “Wireless” companies just now
– From Feb 1 to Apr 1, 2005, 70 private wireless companies have announced funding totaling $760M. In addition, 87 M&A transactions were announced.
April 26, 2005 NWEN
The Practicalities, Perils and Promise of RFIDJoe McCarthy
Connector in ChiefInterrelativity, Inc
http://interrelativity.com
April 26, 2005 NWEN
Outline
What is RFID?
What is it good for?
What are the risks?
What is on/over the horizon?
April 26, 2005 NWEN
What is RFID?
Si
Coil
Encapsulation
RFID Transponder
Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a generic term that is used to describe a system that transmits the identity (in the form of a unique serial number) of an object or person wirelessly, using radio waves. [RFID Journal]
[Roy Want, Intel]
ComputerRFID
Interrogator
RFIDTransponder
Energy
Clock
Data
April 26, 2005 NWEN
“It’s simple,but it isn’t easy”
April 26, 2005 NWEN
Complications• Tag size, shape, frequency• Passive, semi-passive, active• Distance, orientation• RF interference (EMI)
– Other tags, readers– Other sources of RF– Metal, liquids, …
• Standards– ISO, EPC
• Patents• Data Format
– Writeable tags• Interoperability
– Tags, readers, backend systems, countries
Frequency Category Range
128 kHz LF Inches
13.56 MHz HF Feet
915 MHz UHF Meters
2.45 GHz Microwave Many meters
April 26, 2005 NWEN
April 26, 2005 NWEN
EPCglobal
Tag
Local Host
ONSPML
Savant
ReaderProduct
Remote Host
NetworkNetworkNetwork
EPC
• TAGS RFID • EPC Electronic Product Code• ONS Object Name Service• PML Physical Markup Language• SavantTM Distributed Operating System• ALE Application Level Events (devices, data, apps)
April 26, 2005 NWEN
Costs
• Tags– Passive: $0.20 - $0.40– Active: $10 - $50
• Readers– Passive (UHF): $500 - $3,000– Active: readers + “signposts”
• Computers, networking, databases, …• Training (mandatory, $5-10K, 1-2 weeks)• Forrester Research estimate
(for a $12B consumer products company):– $128,000 for consulting and integration– $315,000 for the time of the internal project team – $80,000 for tag and reader testing
April 26, 2005 NWEN
RFID Market
• IDTechEx– Today: $2B, 1.8B tags
(400M passive, 1.4B active)– 2008: $7B– 2015: $27B, 1 trillion tags– RFID vs. barcodes
• 5-10B barcodes / year• To reach 10B RFIDs / year,
need < $0.01 / tag cost (2020)• Requires alternate technology, print them off
Intellitag PM4i
(Intermec)
Sabre 1555
(Intermec)
April 26, 2005 NWEN
“Identify any object anywhere automatically”
April 26, 2005 NWEN
Supply ChainItem Case
Pallet
Container
Transport Vessel / Vehicle
April 26, 2005 NWEN
Access Control
Buildings
Ski resorts
Countries
Containers
April 26, 2005 NWEN
Asset Tracking
Livestock Salmon Pets
Beer kegs Airline luggageDocuments& Folders
At school
On the bus
At the park
April 26, 2005 NWEN
RFID in Healthcare
Equipment Medications Patients
Blood Surgical sites
April 26, 2005 NWEN
April 26, 2005 NWEN
Transactions
ExxonMobil SpeedPass
MasterCard PayPass
Illinois Tollway I-Pass PowerPay
April 26, 2005 NWEN
“The innocent have nothing to fear”
April 26, 2005 NWEN
• Internet: aggregate electronic data• RFID + Internet: aggregate physical world data (!)
– Tracking & tracing: people, places & things– Granularity: Item-level vs. supply chain
Risks
BoycottBenetton.com BoycottGillette.com BoycottTesco.com
April 26, 2005 NWEN
Hacks
http://rfid-analysis.org/
April 26, 2005 NWEN
“The future is here,it’s just unevenly distributed
April 26, 2005 NWEN
RFID + Mobile Phones
• KDDI– RFID readers– Active & Passive
• NTT DoCoMo n901iC FOMA®– Sony FeliCa chip (+ surround sound, card scanner…)
April 26, 2005 NWEN
RFID + Sensors
• TempSens– Up to 64 temp. readings– Three modes
• Interval (2 sec – 18 hrs)• Out-of-range events• Out-of-range + max/min
– Shelf life: up to 18 months– Applications: perishable food, drugs– www.ksw-microtec.de
April 26, 2005 NWEN
RFID + Robots
• Kobe, Japan– Mobility Support Project
• Utah State University– Center for Persons with
Disabilities
April 26, 2005 NWEN
RFID + PeopleVeriChip (Applied Digital Solutions)
April 26, 2005 NWEN
RFID + Displays
• Proactive Displays: Large displays with sensors that can detect and respond to people nearby– Awareness & interactions among people in shared spaces– Virtual community physical community
Digital profiles(WWW)
Physical tags(RFID)
Real-world interactions+ =
April 26, 2005 NWEN
Ticket2Talk
April 26, 2005 NWEN
Thanks! / Questions?
• For more information– http://interrelativity.com/rfid