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April 1976 - September 1976 Laboratory Report
Gypsy Moth Methods Development Laboratory Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture
Otis Air Force Base Massachusetts
02542
FOR OFFICIAL USE O~iliY
The contents of this report are for the information
of Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service~
Plant Protection and Guarantine Per~oj]nsl Interim
results and tentative conclusions should be treated
as confidential and should not be cited as scientific
Ii terature without written prior appr-oval
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullI III
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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
April 1976 - September 1976 Laboratory Report
Gypsy Moth Methods Development Laboratory Animal and Plant Health Inspection SrvicE
United States Department of Agriculture Otis Air Force Base
Itassachusetts 02S42
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Charles P Schwalbe Laboratory ~~~perviGor
Arthur P orri s F- t gtl~ 1ogi ~~ t j~~_ ~~_~_J_ tur- s t g- ~ ui Iur i s t
2~e~~ist
~~ (gt~2gist
Supervi ~lJ iolci--lt_L ~eclL1ic~an
Bi()logic~~l ~~eclni~ian
Joseph G R Tardif Biologic8 Technician John A Tanner Jntomologist Curtis R Stacy Bioloeical Technician Rebecca Upton Clerk-Stenographer Joyce A Finney Biological Aid Jesse J Baker Biological Aid Michele G Brown Clerk-Typi s t Robert N Wassell I1aintenance Worker
Agricultural Research Service
Robert A Bell Research Leader Charles D Owens Hesearch Agri (middot11 tur-aI ~ngi neer Martin Shapiro Research Entomologist
- -~
shyFIELD
INSECTICIDE
L Herbaugh AgTiculturist
c Stacy Biological Technician
-I I r ~
LABORArORY CHEMISTRY EQOTPMENT REARING REARING INSECTICIDE ~THODS OPERATIONS
W McLane R Reeves J Tardif O Forrester L Kennedy Biological Chemist Biological Entomologist Supervisory Technician Ie chni c i an Biological
Technician J Finney
BioLogi caI J Ianner J Baker Technician Entomologist Biological Aid
- shy- - - - - bull - - shy
t I I -------~I------ ----- PESTICIDE PHEROMONE ECOLOGY REARING SEcrION SECTION SECTION SECTION
R Reeves E C Paszek A P Morris O T Forrester Chemist Agricul turist Entomologist Entomologist
C P Schwalbe Laboratory Supervisor
R Upton Maintenance Worker
R Wassell Clerk-Steno
M Brown Clerk-Typist
Project Number
GM 611
GM 612
GM 61]
GM 614
GN 615
GM 616
I I- I
II II II bull bull bullbullbull PESTICIDE rESTING SICrplON
Project Title
Laboratory Screening of Candidate Pc I i ( i dr
Against the Gypsy Moth
1976 Field Studies of Different Formul a t i o r i
of Dimilin and Sevin-4-0il
Field Testing of Ground Applied Insecticiclen
Evaluation of Pesticides for Browntail Moth
Regulatory Treatments (Laboratory - Field)
Field Testing of Juvenile Hormone Analogs for Ovicidal Activity
- bull Hrport Type
Interim
J nterim
Interim
Irrto r i m
TrltcTim
I r to r i rn
Page
6
14
20
2]
24
26
bullbullbullbull bull bullbull
I NI
Project Number
GM 622
GM 623
GM 626
Gr1627
GM 628
GM 629
GM 6210
PIlliROMONE BEHAVIOR AND ECOLOGY SECTION
Project Title Report rrypc ~
Responses of Male Gypsy Moths to Traps as Affected by the Rate of Pheromone Release
Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths
Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives
Greerillouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations
Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Fonnulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage
Analytical and Bioassay Tests of Glass Slides Coated with Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Methyl Octadecane) Formulations and Aged in a Greenhouse
Interim
Interim
Final
Final
Interim
Final
Final
)H
30
31
34
36
41
43
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull PHYSIOLOGY AND MASS REAHING ~~Icrl1 ON
Project Number Project Title Hcp()rt~~ ~_L
GM 6]1 Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Precooling Storage Techniques Interim JII
GM 6]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period Final 45
GM 6]] The Hatch Rate of L dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg Interim 49
GN 6 ]4 Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Interim 50
G11 6]5 Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation and Development of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techshy
I VJ niques for Rearing and Handling Larval Gypsy Moths Interim 54
I
GI1 6]6 Establishment of Standards for Monitorir~ Performance and Quality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths Preliminary 62
Gl16]7 Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and Development of Effective Sanitation Procedures Preliminary 63
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull -------j~pound~Ill)(r Erojer t rri tJ~ 1~~middotmiddot __ ~ll
GlVl 638 Development of Methods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated lith Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Hath Pr-e l irninary () i
GM 639 Insect Production and Distribution Interim ( r
I j I
III
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APPENDIX
Title Page
Appendix 1 Repellents of Late Instar Gypsy Moth Larvae 66
-5shy
II
bullbull
Project Number GM 611 Project Title Laboratory Screening of Candidate Pesticides
Against the Gypsy Moth bull Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
bullbull The main objective of this laboratory screening project is to collect
mortality data on registered and experimental compounds potentially useshyful against the gypsy moth evaluating the data and selecting suitable materials for field testing
The following materials were tested against gypsy moth larvae using the
bulloak seedling test technique
bull
Material Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Mortality
bullABG-6070 Abbott 025 Ib8ozA II 100
012 Ib4ozA II 99 006 Ib2ozA II 97
bulloOJ IblozA II 81
001 Ib gA II 66 Check II 1
bull (05 parts
piperonyl butoxide to 1 part ABG-6070) 02 Ib10ozA II 100
01 Ib 5ozA II 99
bull 005 Ib25ozA II 94 00251bl25ozA II 64 0012 Ib62ozA II 52
Check II 0
bullbull (1 part pipershy
anyl butoxide to 1 part ABG-6070) 02 Ib16ozA II 99
bull01 Ib8ozA II 100
tl 005 Ib4ozA II 97 002 Ib2ozA II 96
001 IblozA II 83 Check II a
bull(2 parts pipershy
bullanyl butoxide to 1 part ABG-6070) 02 Ib24ozA II 100
01 Ib12ozA r 100 005 Ib 6ozA II 99
TT 0025 Ib 3ozA ---L 89 It TT
bullLL0012 Ibl5ozA 65
Check II 1
bull
Days After
Treatment
6 6 6 6 6 6
4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4
-6shy
aer al Company Dosage Tnstar Weather
ABG-J7Q Abbott (L parts piperony1 juoxde to 1 part ASG-6J7D) 02 lb320zA II 100
01 1b160zA II 100 005 1b 80zA II 97 0025 Ib 4ozA II 90
0012 1b 20zA II 86 -r--Check L o
(6 parts pishyperony1 butoxide to 1 Dart ABG-6070) 02 1b640zA II 99
01 Ib320zA II 95 005 Ib16ozA II 94 L 0025 1b 8ozA II 51 L
002 Ib 40ZA II 48 4III
Check II o 4
bullbull (Piperonyl
butoxide only) 10 lbgalA II 5 5 05 lbgalA II 3 5
025 lbga1A II o 5 012 lbga1A II 7 5 006 1bgalA II o r
bull
Check II o 5
bullDecis Procida 0013 IbgalA 11 97 L
00065 IbgalA II 98 LI
1)0032 IbgalA II 89 I
bull
00016 IbgalA II 90 000082 ItgalA II 51 L
Check o L
Decis It 0013 lbgalA II 1 85 L
II 2 78 )
bull II II J 83
I II II
bull
II 1 (J6 Newfilm)
II II 1 (J6 Chevron
bullII
1 Sticker) 4 II 1
(Jo Pinolene Sticker) 4
-7shy
--- -
---
_=shy - -- - --
~Iaterial Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Mortal i -- - ~-= -- = -=- -shy
0ecis Procida 00065 ngalA II 1 65 II 2 66
J II 3 58 fI II 1
(Yo Nu-film 17) 7S L TT 1i--l
(Jlo Chevron Sticker) 41
1 II 1 (50 Pinocene
Sticker) 53 4 00032 lbgalA II 1 59 4
H II 2 56 3 II 3 35 4
00016 IbgalA II 1 34 4 II 2 27 3
H H H II 3 23 4 H H 00008 IbgalA II IH 22 4
H II 2 24 3 II 3H 21 L
Checks a 4 = 0013 lbgalA II (2 hr artificial 1JV light) 100 7
7 ~ 0006) Iblial A II 87 I
bull H
00032 OtciJ i II 28 7
bull H
iI 00016 2- t-gallA I 3L~ 7
I 00008 IbgalA II 20 7 Check 0 7
00013 lbgalA II (4 hr artificial UV light) 90 4
00065 lbgalA II 60 4 00032 IbgalA II 12 4
bullbull H
H
00016 lbgalA II 9 4 00008 IbgalA II 4 4
Check 0 4 OOlJ lbgalA II (2 hr natural
sunlight) 99 6
bull H 00065 l1)galA II 97 6
Ii T~00032 ~bgaA 86 6
bull
H 00016 IbgalA II 67 6 I OOOOEl ItgalA II 35 IJ
Check 0 6 0013 IbgalA IT (4 hr naturalj
sunlight) 66 2 00065 IbgalA TT 32 2_LJ
bull j l irJ i t
00032 ))a-I raquo - 40 2 00016 IbgalA II 29 2
bull
t t OOG08 Ibfla A II H 17 2 Check 0 2
bull -8shy
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-
-- - ~
2crial Company Dosage l8r-C ~ - --- --_ --shyInstar Weather Agirg - - - -- -- shy
l~FMC 30980 FMC 0062 lbgalA II r -
J~ shy~ O0312 IbgalA II -~ shy~
0015 IbgalA II 58 shy
0007 1bgalA II 16 5 0003 lbga1A II 7 5
Check a 5 0025 lb gaL A II 1 61 7 0012 lbgalA II 1 70 7 0062 1-1_u ga II 1 15 7
bull IIA
0003 ItgalA II 1 5 7 0001 1bgalA TT 1 ij I~1
7
bull
Check II 1 7
middotT 35171 FMC 02 ItgalA II 100 3 01 lbgalA II 100
bull J
005 lbgalA II 100 3
bull 0025 1bgalA II 99 3
0012 1tgalA II 99 3 0006 IbgalA II 99 4 II Tshy
10003 IbgalA 100 L~ 0001 1bgalA II 100
bull 4shy 00007 lbgalA II 97 4
Check 1 4 002 lbga1A II 1 100 5
001 Lb~ Igal- li II 1 100 5I
bull I 0006 IbgalA II 1 100 5
0003 lbg-alA II 1 96 5 0001 lbgalA 1 1 1 90 5
r-
bull TTCheck LL 0
bull - -
~3497 FMC 02 ngalA II 98 4 01 lbgalA II 95 4 005 lbgalA II 87 4 002 IbgalA II 75 L 001 lbgalA II 51 4
bull Check II a 4
002 ngalA II 1 17 6 001 1bga1A II 1 15 6
bull
0006 lbgalA II 1 10 6 0003 ItgalA II 1 7 6 I
n j VUJ
r~ IbgalA II 1 6
bull ~
Check J 6
-_ G li]1C 021 IbgalA II 100 P ~- A 3
010 oIE L II 100 1rl
0052 IbgalA n 100 1
I 0026 IbgalA II 100 1
it 0013 IbgalA II 81 3 0006 1 A 1 I gal II 92 4
TT 4 0003 IbgalA 67L~
11 00016 111 A J fla1 II 29 4 T- 4Check 0J
-9shy
Day
bullbull After
Material Company Do sago Instar Weather Aging Nor tal Lty Treatment
FMC 45498 FMC OO2( middotbgalA II 1 40 5 CJ in 3 ~_ b sal A II 1 L) 5
bull T 000 1r)g-al~A JL 1 25 5
oC() lbira1A II 1 10 5 cooi Hq]lAJ 01lt- II 1 I) 5~
bull
( -le~K II i S
pp 383 leI l~O iJ~Cil A II leo 2
bull I bull A 0) LUI gcU II 100 2
~ ~ S IbgaiA l L 100 3 (1 - TT 3J ~ l-LlasalA 100
bull
A1n gal) II 1
1 1 ] II
I 006 - 90 1 I C03 lgtjga ii 93 6
TT r1 J 001 lbgc11 69 v
OG07 tSr l 1I 49 61ha II
bull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Il 11 9 C~(J) ~J f I-~ ( I J l II 33 6_Ishy
I I P r
~)~DO_ 1-) -al~J I 1 J1 16 5 II TTGlICOO9 b ~S8Jt -t 7 5
j L I p 1 J A (~ w ()C)oLi L U Kctl n IT 1 5 i~t ~(ck 11 0 5
RE-218 RahID - )Haas O lt)c Lgal- II 1 86 J
q (j it(1 I h i t~ 1 A -
-- ~ Clti)L i J II 1 96 3 ll II 1 96 3
~T
o j-1A 1 bullbull 1 64 3
11 1 28 3 -J1C k 0 3
2umithion S tauflaquo n (feY -- lbgalA II 100 Lt
OilS 1b gEtl 1 II (+15 Atlox) 100 Lt p u ) 1b r 1 II (+15 Sorpol) 100 gaL 11- 3
r ] 1-- 13 A ) 5 --I II 1 48 3 11 ~ 05 ugal L Jr 1 ( +15 Atlox) 26 3
o c 1b 13 I A- rr 1 (+15 Sorpo1) 17 1T I raquo ~ 1) 1- 3
o ~ S~ b6d L d II 1 (+ Y6 Rhop1ex Sticker) 100 4
n v- l-bgatA II 2 (+Jib Rhoplex Sticker) CG L
J bull ~
r~ r- bull J 1) gelmiddot i1li L1 3 (+10 Rhonlex Sti~ker) 100 5
o J- ~CJ LA II 1 (+15 Atlox + Y6 Rhoplex
Sticker) reoj)
c o itgalA II 2 (+15 Atlox + 16 Rhoplex
Stickel) 64 4 J tf
lu-r II (+15 Atlox +J r
1A Rhop1ex
Sticker) 81 5
-10shy
bullbullbullbull
~~-P~
81 -~ shyMaterial Company Dosage Instal Weather Aging Mortal qy Irsa =e-
Sumithion Stauf-D ~ npounda 1 Itfer tgt -- II 1 (+15 Sarpal +
7J1 JO Rhaplex
Sticker) 99 L r A (+15 Sorpa1 +0 bull ~
i~lt) l~-oGc I ~- 1) II 2
Jo Rhon1ex Sti~ker) 99 4
~ ~T r) II
~) uI gall it 4l1 3 (1-15 Sorpol + Jo Rhoplex
Sticker) 80 5 fl bull 1 la- 1 A (JS C) t4L f 11 100 41-
I O~ ItgalA II (+15 Atlox) 100 3 - 1 TT itgt C JbgaJ ti -L (+190 Sorpal) 99 3
b egtl~- it L 1 32 3 t-1 TT - 5
ga A J 1 (+15 Atlax) 11 3 r-l
-
I~~ ~ 1-0 ~cl A II III lJ Sarpal)C-_) + ~ 13 30
I A l~l Ill J cV~ II 1 (+ 31~ Rhaplex Sticker) 95 4
TTI hcl~ i CC-- o lL 2 74 6 ( J_ =- gSL Ji 1 3 85 5 t~
~~_ i coEt Ii 1 (+ JIo Atlax + JIo Rhap1ex
Sticker) 97 ) -tshy ~ --T-t - bull l_ 2 (+ Jo Atlcx +
j( Rhoplex Sticker) 71 6
I ~ k_ 5 ( T]~ AtLox +
] lhoplex Sticker) 30
l r~ shy r ~) c~ I J~- 1 1 (+1 Sorpal + JIo Rhoplex
Sticker) 94 4 iI 1 r- g -o l A (+15 Sarpol +-~~ S _ u __ TT
bull_ )LL
JIo llhoplex sticker) 76 6
It r-11
~middot -iA U bLJ II 3 (+15 Sarpal + 3 Rhaplex
Sticker) 66 5 Checks 0 6
VEL 3883 r e1 si~ -r-vshycol _L 1 bC[i~L IA J i 99 6
H J ~~J euromiddotmiddott J A 99 6
fil If o g8 A 100 6
v 1~ - L gLllA ~l 89 o TT L
~ ( J6 (cilA 85 6
L ~E- 1 IA II 77 6 H -j 1-- ~-- ~ -= ~~ 156 _~ _ tdL H II 65 6 I ~ ~ C073 ~L (pound7)1 1~ 1L 26 6 If j ~ r)() )0 1 t A Li 10 6_1
CL~z L 0 6
-11shy
J)----Cl c
~+~---IJ_ ~__
Via terial Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Nortality TrGlt-e
VEL 3883 Velsi shy-1 col 10 lbga1A II -- )
05 1bga1A II 1 ~
II t--~025 1bgalA II 1 2 -012 1bga1A II 1 2 5
006 1bga1A II 1 0 c -Check II 0 )
irk continued with the new SevinID-4-oil formulation The viscos i ty o f ( formulations was tested
bullbullbullbullbull -12shy
The Tri toamp X-190 and Sevint-lt-cil formulation was field tested at
LO Ibs a i qt fA bull 0 uraquo Ell bull I qt I
025 lbs ai qt A
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbull-13shy
This formulation vlaS compar-ed tc SeviIi0-4-oil and kerosene at
10 Ibs ai40ozA0 Ibs aiatA
We are happy to rfport that Orthene-E 75S and Djm51iamp 25 Wp ve rc registered by the Uni ted States Environmental Protection Acncy for gJpsy moth use
Orthene 7SS
By a i r - 23 to 1 1L a i 2 qt H20A
hBy air - 003 to )06 lb a~ I i or 2 galA
The Ot_s laborltory and field rews played a grect part in the success of both mat8ria~81lt
__ltl- IjJSixteen gall ons ly)rthern red oak Jcmiddot-r118 were colI f~ted and stored in
cold storage
A totaI It --~ ~fL)13(ti(~i_l 88-~p~~~~s IT~jl1~ ~eCf~velt ~-()l ~~_8J)Clrato~rr and field tejts
Much of t ru s YCPO]tD peTioieJ STJmiddot~middott work i nr jYJ che field on experimental insecticide plats
A sui +able land-fill for the disposed cd emp ty onc~e( t ic ide containers was Loca t ed in Plainvi Ll Le ]Viaco lhis is about 6C i Les from Otis and is reshycommended by the Boston off i ce of Uni tec f372tes Environmental Protection Agency
Host Laboratory equipment-Ims packed ready for moving into the new building
I~etings
JIr HcLane gave talk 01 th Eftgt eetment made in 1(316 and demonstrated
ec davs in Hyat t svilLe H]) work i ng on apshy
bull
bull
bull
bullbull
bull
bull
bull bull
bull
bull
bullbullbull
Project Number GN 612 Project Title 1976 Field Studhs of Differen~ E()rmulations of
IrlnuLin and Sevin-)-1--0il Report Period April 1 1976 September 30 1976 Report lype P t T TO lecmiddot LJeaGers
Interim Larrry L Herbaugh w H l1cLane C H Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Each year f or the past 3 generation3 the gypsy moth Lymantri8 dispar (L) bas defci Latori thouaands of ac re s of forested Land in t he northeast Because of tht s investigations bTe corrt inual l y be i ng carried out to evaluate new materies and new fITfillations of current registpred ~ateria18
IVlaterlaJs and Methods In 1970 the following rnat0rial~ and fo rmula tions were tested for gypsy moth con t r o l DimiLin op Dilli1in 3middot~ Gil keroser18 Dimilj~rl j middot3 oil + TlitolJ X-190 + water Se~Tin-J-(Jil + kerosene arid Se-rJin-Lt-oil t- TLampt ton xmiddot~ l~)() + JcLtE-r Each ell the maLer-La~_S va s aerially applied to 50 acre plots Hi 3 replicates for ov aLua t i on Table I gives the details on chemical concentration and application rate
IabLs I Details of 19c6 formula t i (lUS field tested
-------------__------------Cllemical Concent ra t ion
and I1a tcrial APl21 Leat_ign Ra te- __ __ _Eerm~middotdlts ___ _
9DVcd a t less than 7) iage expansion
L~_l I in and wateY--ltL
GO scicker added
DimiLin 3 j oil ( 1 1b c 1 AU bull jJ - ct1 oct fl Keroaerie+ KerOS(~rle
I)rrlilirl 3 3 ~)il
-+- Tr5_tor )-19D1- r 3 lb ai gaJI~
water
Se-r]] fl-4-0il + ) SJ Cl IA ~6 middotJZ K81~GSe~ne
Kero serle 10 lb J_~ o~A 8 07 ~Kt-~-cosene
bull ~)~ vin -J i-Cil i -~
bull Se ~i ~L( Lt- 0 i 1
bull11 r X-190
wa teT
bull
bull
Plot Establishrnent TLe test plots were established Ln an area adjacent to the 1975 study area in Clinton COill1ty Peru1sylvania This area met the following requirements (l) a building population in whi ch there had been no Bore than 1 years noticeable defoliation prior to the test year (2) a readily measureabJe population of egg masses and (3) a predominance of preferred host trees (oaks)
Each So acre square plot was laid out by establishing an accessible base corner and plotting boundary lines along compass headings Harkers were placed at 811 four corners for aircraft guidance Within each 50 acre plot 5 s~bplots (01 acre) or sampling units were randomly established These subplots were representative of the entire plot and served as samplshying points throughout the experiment Sampling points were similarly e s tab l i shec in untreated check areas to measure natural ccndi tions
Application The application schedule was de s i gned so that material was to be applied when the majority of the larvae were in the late second inshystar stage and the oak foliage was 50-75 expanded One exception to this was the early treatment of Ililllilin that was applied at early 1st instar when oak foliage was less than ~~ expanded
NatErials were mixed and transferred into the aircraft with conventional equipment (mixing tank pumps hoses measuring devices and necessary safety equipment) All niXing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between each treatment to avoid adulteration Radio communications were maintained be tween the ground conditions of wind velocity and materials dispersement
All plots W8T8 treated wi th a Ces~ma Ag Truck al rcraff e quippe d wi th a hydraulic 3rven 2wpellr pump arid 2 converrt i onai STJT3y system (see Table II) The airplane disperse- the craterial lliS fxd- 3wa-ths at ])1 mph as near to tree top level as po ss Lb l e wi th 5 fTcurcl -ird velocity of less than 5 mph
-15shy
bull 1
bullbull bullbullbullbullbull
------- ------gt-_-------------- shy
I1aterial Noz zl e s Orifice
Di miLi n 2 middotIP 006 It d t falA (eal12l) D8-L5 Q
006 10 2j lsd11A DP-middothS Dd-L[r C006 Ib aigallA
J)imillc J 3 (~1 +
Kerosene 003 it Dlqt 80C2FF
Dimilin 1 ~ 0j J
Tli ton X-I + water
8002FF
05 lb aiqt C~~ 2f ~1
iraquo 1b 3iL_ ozA
o 5 ib middot--1 L
10 Lb 8iL-O D002FF
-Evalll~_tior~ ~~~~)~-h ~--Tn~ZIJ8n t J(~~~ emiddot~Ll1at(-a r~(l1Tl the s tandpo trrt of fo lLage protec t i or -ti16 TC [)J-L t -1 crj T~dJ lt middott~ t
tClt)[[l li~LlfiJ 0stJIuates of t~e deg-ree of I rLo t s a t the termination of larval
) f-L CL[ ~ ~ C~-j Lnl rL~~
CC)Lj]gtajng f~_vJ -- ru t C 3 ~ T j 11~
arI~ pl o C5 b~i prl i ~cd p- I Spmiddotrciy JJ -~~LLtl the ex ~ept~---~~ TLrrli~lL ) ~1 all
7shy k( I~C Smiddot- rlE~ _gti~ ~~ - t -) X-19 1 ) -I 12-(middotmiddot-shy ~L~~- ~)l~j_l-in WF
gtrhi c h ~[c -~1 (~ n( -t~ ~I()X ina te ~Y r~ Ii ~~V 1 tf-~r trea tmsnt
(middot~middotf-_lmiddotmiddotl
)JJ
bullbull
ConoIus ion i PT~~i i nunarv data S11~)W tha t all formuLa r ions o r rljiti~l 8JG
Sevin-L-oLl + kcrosble rave (~xce~_ ent results in larval reductJon FrLlbullegg mass vcount L ~ hi macJe +0 Cetenline i this conoi tion continues to hold true
bull One nitial -()nI~ 1~~-)_~2- th_L~ 3~hOv1=~ oxceLlent po ten LLaI is the fact tIlat DimiLi rs - c P JbfcYi appl ie_l at H20 f viJ E le S8 than S oak f()l~_~tge ~-~(lDsicr~ gave g~o)d f- LJ~~(- p-otmiddotciinl and r-uced l arval actishy
bull v ty rl1~aj1~-~1tly ltbullbull T=~ LY 10 )C
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- II II II -shyAfl~U1GE COUNT
10 +shy 0 cc o o o o
~ ~- coe DinuLln 25 wP (early) 06 IbgallA
~~ Dimilin 25 vIP (normal) 06 Ib2 qtA
fojf-
~ I-j CD
~~-~~X~~~~-~~~-~~~~bull
Sevin-4-oil - Kerosene 1 Ib40 ozA
Dirnilln 33 oil - TXl90shy ~CJter 03 IbqtA
Dimilin 33 oil - Kerosene 03 IbqtA
l1 1 CD I
(fJ
0 f-j
~
~ ~ ~
10 1--3 CD r p g c+ CD
f-J p1
~ ~
~~
~~
~~~
lmiddotmiddot 1 IXlt)0 ir t ~ hI + rJeJln-+-OT - - Wo el bullJ UfIi
D middot J tro 06 Ib ~ Ianui rn ~ vvr- gaL li
Sevin I J K~Yr c-nIle lt Ibq+ r0t l-+-j _~L - u gtJ bull 1 - _J bull vi l
~d
o to c+ bullto
d - ~
I
m c+ I-jf-J
~ o o
~ (fJ
~~ Sevin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water 1 Ib) OZA
~~~ Sevirl--4-oil - Txl90 - Water 25 IbqtA
I -- (X)
I
~)t)~ E Untreated Ch8Cks
-bullbull Ptlo~SNI tuLIIGF f3fiE-1IlN
tV Jgt 0shy co o o o o o o
061bgalA D-lmilin 25 WP (early)
I - I Iebull uO J-o I~ erG i1 JimHin 25 wP (normal) I-rj
j-J
o~ f-J (1)
Sevin-4-oil - Kero sene I--~ Ib40 ozA I-rj ll 0 UJ I-
~h 0 lbmiddot(jmiddott gt - 11 DirJlin 33 oil - TXl90 - Water I-- p1 CD UJ CD UJ
rI-~ Diu-Uin 33 oiI - Ke ro ~ene 00Obull 3 1(1 qt 1-
sect co
f-- c+ OJ-J ampl 0
~evin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water bull l51bqtA
lJ f-J CD
DiJ1lilin 25 l-lP I06 IbgalA to
1j f-J Pl
lti
51bqtA _ Sevin-L~-oil - Kero sene pD H o I-- j-J
-o
p c+~ Ib40 OZA _ Sevin-L-oil - TXl90 - Water f-J
~
25 IbqtA Selin-4-oil - TX1-90 - ltIater
Untreated Checks I
f- -0
I
I I II II III I
II II II II
-
Project Number GM 613 Project Title Field Testing of Ground Applied Insecticides Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Larry L Herbaugh W H McLane C R Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Experimental use permits were received from EPA in early June 1976 for testing Orthene 75S Imidanreg 50 Wp Sevi~) 80S In addishytion to the above Sevin-4-oil with water and NTN 9306 were tested
One-acre plots were established in the Bald Eagle State Forest lands in Centre and Clinton Counties Pennsylvania These plots contained a measureshyable population of gypsy moth eggs and were located in heavily wooded areas representative of campground situations
These plots were established so that they were ca 200 feet square with a small dirt road dividing them Within each one-acre plot two subplots or sampling units were established Each of these illlits comprised 140 of an acre and was placed on each side of the road These 140 acre sampling units were used for all evaluations throughout the program
Application Only a small quantity of materials were needed for application Because of this materials were mixed on site using conventior~l mixing equipment and a nurse tank for a water supply All mixing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between treatments to avoid any adultershya tion
The materials were applied with a John Bean Mist Blower mounted on a 1-12 ton 4-wheel drive truck at the following rates
25 Ib a ir gal H20A
50 lb ai5 gal H20A Orthene 75S 10 It ai5 gal H20A Imidan So Wp 15 Ib ailS gal H20A and Sevin 80S 20 Ib ailS gal H2OA
3S Ib ai5 gal H2OA
Each of these dosages was replicated 3 times for each material
125 Ib ailS gal H20ANTN 9J06 50 Ib ai5 gal H20A
Sevin-4-oil and 20 Ib ailS gal H20A T X-190 + water 35 Ib ailS gal H20A
Evaluation Each treatment was evaluated from the standpoint of percent foliage protection larvae reduction using a 15 foot string count and egg massesacre reduction Tht latter data is not yet available at this vrriting
Foliage protection and larvae reduction are shown in the following table
-20shy
II - II - II II II II II II II - - II II -- shy -Foliage Average Larval String Counts
Material Dosage Protection Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment l 25 Ib ai5 gallA L~9 5 20 46 50 Ib ai5 gallA 667 25 22
10 lb ai5 gallA 854 30 20Imidan 50 wp 15 lb ai5 gallA 580 18 33
20 Ib ai5 gallA 565 2S 16 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 420 33 14
Check - 3middotS 19 8
1O25 Ib ai5 gallA -LL bull 5 26 5 So Ib ailS gallA 620 22 2
10 Ib ailS gallA 43middotS 23 2Sevin 80S 15 Ib ailS gallA 55S 22 1
20 Ib ailS gallA 827 26 1 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 894 2S S
Check - So 42 40
2S Ib ai5 gallA 800 29 6
50 lb ailS gallA 911-1 25 3 10 Ib ailS gallA SlLtO 26 2
NI Orthene 7SS ~J
15 Ib ailS gallA 9)-1-0 29 0 I 20 Ib ailS gallA 940 22 0
35 Ib ai5 gallA 940 19 0 Check - 7S 48 Sl
Sevin-4-oil + 20 1b ailS gallA 770 39 6 T X-190 + H2O 35 Ib ai5 gallA 870 3S 9
12S Ib ailS gallA 750 15 1NTH 9306 5 Ib ailS gallA 730 IS 2
oCheck - 20 10j
l Post-treatment readings based on 5th day after treatment
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Conclusion Initial results show that Imidan~ 50 Wp gave ca 5~o folia~~ protection and ca 16 larval reduction at the 3 higher dosages
SevillE 80S gave ca 76 foliage protection and ca 99 reduction in larval activity at the 3 higher dosages
Orthenereg 758 gave ca 94 foliage protection and ca 100 larval control at the 3 higher dosages
In comparison the two new formulations of Sevin-4-oil and T X-190 and H20 and NTN 9306 gave ca 8~o and 74 foliage protection respectively and ca 78 and 87 reduction in larval activity respectively
Data in the following table indicate that Orthene0) 758 and Sevi~ 80S will give the greatest degree of foliage protection as well as reducing larval activity on a 15 foot string count
-22shy
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II I)
Project Number GM 614 Proj8ct Title Evaluation of Pesticides for Browntail Moth Report Period April 1 1976 - September 31 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
The primary objective of this p~oject is to screen candidate materials against the browntail moth
Orthene reg was the only material tested against brown tail larvae
Dosage Instar 110rtali ty Days
After Treatment
1 IbaigalA II 92 2 05 IbaigalA II 100 2 025 IbaigalA II 96 2 012 IbaigalA II 90 2 006lbaigalA II 98 2 Check II loS 2
Mr McLane Mr Stockbridge Mr Stelle Mr Mosley and Mr Cartier met with Cape Cod National Seashore personnel to discuss future broNQtail work on the Cape A 5 year program was proposed as a result of the meeting and phone conversations vi th the Department of Interior and APHIS personnel
1976 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil ground plots with Sevin 80S
1977 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil Pyrethrin and Dimilin
1978 Select the most promising from the ones experimentally tested in 1976 and 1977 treat the entire infestation on Cape Cod using aircraft backpacks and mistblowers
1979 Clean up any infestation left
1980 Clean up any infestation left
However after a meeting wi th the Seashore Advisory Committee park super-shyintendent Hadley made a decision that no spraying should be done Q~til
the committee was informed of our plans and their approval was obtained To date this meeting has not come about
Meetings
Area I Managerial Meeting Hartford Corill Mr McLane gave a talk on the proposed 5 year broivntai1 moth program for Cape Cod Mass
Mr McLane met with Mr J KilIan Chief Environmentalist for the Cape Cod National Seashore to discuss the brovrrtaiL problem at the Seashore
-23shy
bullbullbullbull II II
bull II II II II
bullbullbullbullbull
Project Number (~riI 6l5 Project Title Regulatory Treatments (Laboratory - Field) Report Period AfrE 1 1976 - September W 1976 Report TJpe Irl tertIa Project Leaders Winfred H McLane L Ii Herbaugh J A Einney
The lack of effective treatment methods fer recreational vehicles and mobile homes is a major dficipncy Ll the APHIS Gypsy Hath regulatory program Slt1xpcIimentcl laboratory and field tests are conducted to develop improved techniques for cP2ling iii tt thi s and other r811atory problems
On December 191175 a residue test I2S s tartlaquo Nt) 7 irs(~ctiGiles Tvo hundr-ed tar paper squares (6 x 6) each were treated with insectjcide using amp c 5 It aita1 soLut i on SevfTI insecticideswere tested with 1 set of tar paper used fUJ a check The papers were treated to the point of runshyoff Half of t he paper-s were aged oucdoor-s tacked under (4 x 8) sheets of masonite haI f were hs Ld inside the laboratory Norie were exposed to sunlight
Ten newly h~tchd sectYl)sy noth larvae were exposed to tar paper sheets at 10 day Lnte rval a iC)r the f i r s t lCO days of aging fo Llowing treatment This was achieve by pLacing +he paper in a cyl inrrricaL cardboard container wi th artificial di et lt J10rta1 ity readings were( made after 24 hours and L8 hours
Mortality Hr- JJarvae Exposed After Naterial Aged
Material ~___ to IvIaterial U)() Days 200 Das 260 Lays
DDT 50 vp Insil1Ff lGO 100 32 inside ~CJO 100 100
0Outside 100 jlt 20 UlI1sideuro- 100 100 100
Resmethrin Inside 24 28 (EC) Inside )-8 oP R4 I ~)
IJutfLfle 24 28 48 7)-
SBP-l Sl) 2L R(8C) Ll~middot
OJ 9C -I iOe
96
10 1f)C
bullbull II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
bullbull
I10rtality Hr La~Jae Exposed After Ha terial
laterial Aged to r1aterial 100 Days 200 Days 26C Daye
Phoxin Inside 24 100 98 100 (EC) IIlside 48 100 100 100
Outs i de 24 100 100 100 Outside La 100 100 100
Pyrenone Inside 2L+ 34 46 2 (EC) insLde 48 60 72 46
cdOutside --I~ 38 16 a Outside I+8 61~ +2 28
I1onitor Inside ~I lUO )eLf 78 (L
G~)(EC) 118 1)0 100 Outsids 2Li 66 46
ooOutside LiS i(JO z jLi
) I Check Inside - -t 5~middot 26 0 - j
Insid~ hB ~L gt+ 6 l)uttir~c 4 20 2 Cllt3ide- ~t~~ t ~ 1+0 6
Based on Laboratrrv rfsul tc lJresented in the IJst report a field test was started August 3 196 with Iop Job pine scent wax [ax remover Dimilin and fire ex t ingui shcr agent Ten egg masses are be ing treated each month from August 3 197C unt i I April 1 1977 Five masses are being covered wi th black building paper and S are being left exposed lhree dosages of each material are being usel along wi th a check
During April 1977 211 eggs will be col Lec ted and incubated in the labora-middot tory for hatch If hatch can hi pr2vented it may be possible to uae one or more of thlaquo materials as a treatment on tr_L18rs and RVs
To date 3 t reatments haveJeer made
On June 23 19761+ uate r i al s (Sevin (583 S8 [n-i~-il Orthene and Lrridan ) most generally used f Jr gypsy mot h control h~ sprayed -+0 the poi rrt of runshyoff on 110 acre plots us ing a back-pack mist~jL)1er Dosago s usee were same as rec()mmeIldw~ in ths APHIS recillatorJ rnanual
Every 3 day fo11ovrC9 tl(~atment rliage was c oll eo te d and Lioassaysd against 3ro instar Larvae 1fCt~middot~ 72 hour lrtality reading being mado After 9middot days treated foliag wal stiLl givirfL~_2[pound211eln mortalitx
q ~[ortality After Material L Days Ul Days lC s3[S _
Sevin 8)3
Sev-inmiddotmiddotL-Gil OrtbeEe Imidan Check 17
--
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bullbullbullbull
II
Project Number GM 616 Project Title Field Testing of Javenile Hormone Analogs for Ovicidal
Activity Report Period Anril 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Itterim Project Leaders Charles P Schwa2be A P Norris
The juvenile hormone analogs Al tozar lE and ZR-t19 SE have been reported as having ovicidal properties When gypsy moth 8fg nasses are deposited on recently treated surfaces hat chab iLi ty yf 8ggS is reduced ZR-619 also appears to inhibit female moths from layingjhriT full complement of eggs Compounds with these properties may be user1 fOT regulatory treatments
Boles of white and red oak trees -lere sprayed foe tho point of ruri-off with water emulsions of Altozar and ZR-619 at 8g1 Ireatsents were aged for 1 3 7 14 21 and 28 days before bioassay At tb~ end of each aging period S or more 3 day old mated female moths from f Le Ld collected pupae were imprisoned on each of S trees (total ()f 25 replicatestreatment) Ihere were 10 replicates (2 trees) for each control The female moths that deposited egg masses were recovered (generally after one day) placed in polyethylene bags and frOZet111D riI they could be dissected to determine the number of unl a i d eggs Egg masses wiI 1 be coJlscted from the treated and control surfaces during IlecembQr 1976 an~ tested for embryonation parasi tization and ha tchabiLt ty
Females from the 1 3 7 and 28 day exposure pe r i ous have been dissected and unlaid eggs counted The results are shovn by the accompanying tab Le Preliminarily it appears that with the excep ti on of the 1 day ZR-61) treatment there was no effect of treatment on the nurnbe r of eggs laid by female moths It is interesting to note that laboratoryreaTf3(J tno th s were useci for the 1 day ZR-6l9 trea tluent Dcotailed disCUSSJCiD 01 thesA data will be deferred until all ]~eSl--l ts OCl egg smbryona t i on parc~si_ t i zation and hatchability have been obtained
-26shy
-----------
middot-------_ bullbullbull _~ bullbull EGGS lJlI11AID EY FENALES EXPOSED TO TRUNKS pHEATED WITH ALTOZAR 4E lIJm ZRmiddot-619 SE
Q2Y2129ynd
Iiays Treatment
ampif_~i
Numbe-r of Used
_fre~ t Control
Females Recovered
Tle~t __CoDjl~_
Numbe-r Unlaid Eggs Total Average
1reaJ_Qonto L)~1Zs~J_-0ontro1
Al i008) ) E~
ZI -~ I~~ 19 ~I~~
I
J 36 c )
14 Ij(1
32 ~
1 f 1~Lr
13 123[3 7G34
380 1797
387 )36
271 138 ~)
A1 t ozar I
11-- S1 C] ~ --
3
3 L~O
50 16 T1-s 1shy
30 ~)8
If) 1 -Llt
1394 1519
619 - (1 I
J-~
L+65 5hJ
Lf 13 493
A1 t-IZ~lX )~r~
~~R-C ~L9 ~jE
i ~ r ~O
Igt ~ c
15 18
J- 39
11 1 I LL4
104)~ l1-rr
660 F3S5
J26 292
508 632
I ) -J
I
Al t 0 L~i C i~)
-~Ti lt(j1 r)
Altozar wE Z11-(19 SE
)Q
~
- ~)
- 1 j
LJ
25 27
3j
30
12 -
-ii
14 IS
2S ~) ~
25 2S
10 1U
11 J 2
805 sed
1059 1398
2L~6 r(0
JJSO 9
2 3)
Li24 5)9
25() 6
12~ 7 391
JfJrtttcry r~ared iEIalCs ant] m3Jl~ used aUJthers ere fr-om f iel d collected pupae
bullbull Project Number GM 622
bull Project Title Responses of ~Ble Gypsy Moths to Traps as AffecteC ~
the PeatE of Pheromone Release Report Period April I 1976 - Septe~ber 30 1976
bullbull
Report Type Errcer im Project Leaders Charles P Sch~Lb2 E C Paszek
Preliminary trapping experiments with disparlure indicated that attracti-veshyness is affected by the rJte at which the pheromone is released from the trap Large amount s of lure seemed 0 have an inhfb i torr or repellent effect ConfLrmatorv studies were planned in which multiples of Corrre Ic fibers would be used to bait standaTd delta traps in order to define the pheromone ls1ea8e rate at which maxinnna attradiveness 10 sul ted Such inshyformation would be 2xcPPdingly useful in pI(eparnf specifications for comshy
bull mercial production of progTam pheromone dispenpers Unfortunately certain difficulties vpre encYLmtered in developing a sound expemiddotrinental program and it was suggested that this work be carried out by scientists at the
bullPennsylvania Stat Uni ve r-si ty Freliminary date have been made available to us but we 8re unable to uti I izhen in this report
bullExperiments in tti- pr)j0ct aCil Cl conduc tcd in collaboration with the ARS Optically active enantiCnj2rs of cis-Jlrparhrre were generously made available by Dr NarU1n(j~ Nagoya Uruve r-s i vs Iagoya Japan The objective of the tests was to determine the attractiveness (or other biological
bull properties) of tIl optically active ~nantiomers of disparlure Similar experiments were conducted by scientists from Nlchigan State University and the New York and C~~1nectiut State Agricultural Experimerct Stations
bullbullThese tests weI c onduc tcd in a natural infestation in FaTl River State Porest ILl lraps gtJere baited wit[ cc t t on dentJ wicks to which had been applied the indicated amcunt s of ( ) and-) (-) disparlure Delta traps were used in all ttsts i)fj a 25 III grid pat tfJ~11 rh) numbe r- of malt motho captured gtl2S reeordec c regular LrrtsrvaLs
In one experim8~lt the attrac tivene ns of racemic d i apar-I ure was compared with that of (+) enarrti omar Ihe rssults of middotshi test are given in Table 1
Table I Number of moths captur-sd il trans middotcLti ted with varying amount s elf racemic and optically active Hsparlure
1 L
lCCJC
------------------__-----_ _--__------shy
II II These ltlata clearly reflect -gt0 superior attractancy of the (+) enarrt iore r
compared with that of racemic mate r i al Approximately 10 X more raoths were captured with 100 ug (+) disP8rlure than with an equal amount of racemic pheromone Unfor-tuna te Ly limited amounts of the enantiomers
II prohibited testing at dosages gTeater than 10C ug and therefore it is
II not known if greater dosages woull -Lead to repeLten t or inhibitory effects It should also be noted that the Jptically active material contained ca 66 of its an t i podo Hirhly puCified pbermiddot~Cwj~e would likely yield someshywhat different data Ih_u is the first rcpc--t of 3~ clear relationship beshytween dosage and r-e sponee wheIc n_creased ple romone concentration y-ields a corresponding increase in ruoth response
II In another test the inhLbi t ory properties ()f t1gt (-) s nant iomar- were quantified deti3rrninirlg tile at t ractivenes (~r var i cus ratios of (+) and (-) disparlure These lata a~e presented n Table I
bull Table II NWllber of riaLe mo trs captured in tIP -x1ited with various
t~r8rltiomer ra tios
bull ----- -~---_ I shy
ugtraJ ug -) per Average catch ( -I- ) -i- _----LQ_ llg ~~_ J2eL_tmiddotr~a=p _
9 jL o (I te 936 1 1 75 120
c99 _J j 3-68 63 I
bull J 00 ioo L+ 12 ~ ~I I ) 380 32
bull L159 59 ~ 08
As addi tiCmiddot] iJlCgt1EltS oi (-) middotnre tdded V_ ij CZS ccntaiuing 10 uij (+) a t tr-activene ss 22di~J jmiddotrc~8s-(~ dsmonc2at~E the Lnhib i tOIJ nature
Yn t he ( c-~ j bull_ 1 m n - v 11+ i (1 60L f th01 rllt~ - 11 ccuUCc JgO_Ll -l_~e au k bull t-_f- CO bullbull oa~ne I )0 0 v bull e
II bull ) - -- n -I- f- - ~ 1 s +--- +- bull - -- - f ( rl J l dOppOSle c_Dctl_bull )Eler hie e_ua ar tr-ac mvene so O~ + -LlSpar_Ure COU
Dot be ceteIlied ~~xt-aTJ)lation of the p]ttcCc data suggests that 9Cf~ (+) disp2rl1lle 1~Cl~_middot(J cap turv 15-~() t i mes a iafr ~ioths as TaGer-tic phero-shymane at tho 10 -cC -2vel
A rnore 6ta-iled -report i s cur-rentIy ceins- lYr-pT~P( JJ_C pub lication The manuacrLpt -middotimiddotL 1 c~ i ~11 uIsd ~ n tho nex t LacL8tcr_~ P~ IJort
Project Number GM 623 Project Title Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leader Charles P Schwalbe
There is no progress to report on this project A prototype apparatus is being assembled which will permit systematic evaluation of various collection substrates Recent papers report successful collection of airborn volatiles on Porapak Q and Molecular sieve If quantitative collection of disparlure from female moths is s11ccessful pheromone emission will be used as a standard for determining quality of insects mass reared under various conditions
I I I I I
-30shy
I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I
Project Number GM 626 Project Title Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leader Edward C Paszek
Tree Tanglefoot a natural product made from castor oil gum resins and vegetable wax was used as an adhesive for sJPSY moth traps for )6 years 1913-1969 It was replaced in 1970 with Tack Trap a synthetic plastic type adhesive (polyisobutylene) which was less costly and through field testing found to be more effective than Tree Tanglefoot in holding capshytured moths in a trap Tack Trap has gone up in price fr-om $0421b in 1970 to $130lb in 1976 A number of companies are marketing synthetic sticky compounds to protect trees from climbing insects and as bird reshypellants These compounds were compared with Tack Trap and Tree Tanglefoot to determine their effectiveness in holding ca~tured ~psy moths
8plusmn5 of the following six compounds were weighed and applied to approxishymately 286 cm2 of the interior surface area of Delta traps An aging study on 12 these open traps was conducted in the greenhouse at a tempshyerature range of 10degC to 32degC for 5) months (119-62376) A field bioassay was made on 71476 after 6 months of aging in a natural infestshyation followed by a laboratory bioassay 91676 after 8 months of aging
Table I Mean number of 6 Boths per trap after 1 hour field bioassay in heavy infestation 24 hour laboratory chamber bioassay with )00 released 6 moths
Field Laboratory
Tack Trap (new sample) 145 60 Bird Iang1efoot 120 90 Excelcide Bird Repellant 105 200 Tack Trap (old sample) t10 105 Stikem-Special Iree Tanglefoot
6S o r
14)1)
After 6 months of aging in open traps Tack Prap Bird Ianglefoot Excelshycide Bird Repellant and Stikem-Special held captur-ed native moths Tree Tanglefoot glazed over and was a poor adhesive When bioassayed Ln a laboratory chamber after 8 months oflging vri it released moths many moths entered and fLev out of the traps indcating that the adhe sive tend to dry out and stiffen after Long periods of aging
The remaining samples were stored folded flat on the shelf in a closed paper carton at room te~perature (approxi~ately 22C) B~th sets of traps were weighed after 6 weeks of aging (3176) to deterwiu8 weight loss of the adhesives due to voLat i Liza t i on of solvents
-ushy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
-32shy
bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II II II II
bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
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Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
- 34shy-
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
-35shy
II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
-shy
CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
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u Clt bull z ~ l pH
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031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
-49shy
I I
Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
I I
-50shy
I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
I I I I I I I
Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
I I I I
I II
I I
I I
Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
I
I
I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
I
I I I I I I I
-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
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and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
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~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
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- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
FOR OFFICIAL USE O~iliY
The contents of this report are for the information
of Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service~
Plant Protection and Guarantine Per~oj]nsl Interim
results and tentative conclusions should be treated
as confidential and should not be cited as scientific
Ii terature without written prior appr-oval
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullI III
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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
April 1976 - September 1976 Laboratory Report
Gypsy Moth Methods Development Laboratory Animal and Plant Health Inspection SrvicE
United States Department of Agriculture Otis Air Force Base
Itassachusetts 02S42
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Charles P Schwalbe Laboratory ~~~perviGor
Arthur P orri s F- t gtl~ 1ogi ~~ t j~~_ ~~_~_J_ tur- s t g- ~ ui Iur i s t
2~e~~ist
~~ (gt~2gist
Supervi ~lJ iolci--lt_L ~eclL1ic~an
Bi()logic~~l ~~eclni~ian
Joseph G R Tardif Biologic8 Technician John A Tanner Jntomologist Curtis R Stacy Bioloeical Technician Rebecca Upton Clerk-Stenographer Joyce A Finney Biological Aid Jesse J Baker Biological Aid Michele G Brown Clerk-Typi s t Robert N Wassell I1aintenance Worker
Agricultural Research Service
Robert A Bell Research Leader Charles D Owens Hesearch Agri (middot11 tur-aI ~ngi neer Martin Shapiro Research Entomologist
- -~
shyFIELD
INSECTICIDE
L Herbaugh AgTiculturist
c Stacy Biological Technician
-I I r ~
LABORArORY CHEMISTRY EQOTPMENT REARING REARING INSECTICIDE ~THODS OPERATIONS
W McLane R Reeves J Tardif O Forrester L Kennedy Biological Chemist Biological Entomologist Supervisory Technician Ie chni c i an Biological
Technician J Finney
BioLogi caI J Ianner J Baker Technician Entomologist Biological Aid
- shy- - - - - bull - - shy
t I I -------~I------ ----- PESTICIDE PHEROMONE ECOLOGY REARING SEcrION SECTION SECTION SECTION
R Reeves E C Paszek A P Morris O T Forrester Chemist Agricul turist Entomologist Entomologist
C P Schwalbe Laboratory Supervisor
R Upton Maintenance Worker
R Wassell Clerk-Steno
M Brown Clerk-Typist
Project Number
GM 611
GM 612
GM 61]
GM 614
GN 615
GM 616
I I- I
II II II bull bull bullbullbull PESTICIDE rESTING SICrplON
Project Title
Laboratory Screening of Candidate Pc I i ( i dr
Against the Gypsy Moth
1976 Field Studies of Different Formul a t i o r i
of Dimilin and Sevin-4-0il
Field Testing of Ground Applied Insecticiclen
Evaluation of Pesticides for Browntail Moth
Regulatory Treatments (Laboratory - Field)
Field Testing of Juvenile Hormone Analogs for Ovicidal Activity
- bull Hrport Type
Interim
J nterim
Interim
Irrto r i m
TrltcTim
I r to r i rn
Page
6
14
20
2]
24
26
bullbullbullbull bull bullbull
I NI
Project Number
GM 622
GM 623
GM 626
Gr1627
GM 628
GM 629
GM 6210
PIlliROMONE BEHAVIOR AND ECOLOGY SECTION
Project Title Report rrypc ~
Responses of Male Gypsy Moths to Traps as Affected by the Rate of Pheromone Release
Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths
Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives
Greerillouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations
Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Fonnulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage
Analytical and Bioassay Tests of Glass Slides Coated with Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Methyl Octadecane) Formulations and Aged in a Greenhouse
Interim
Interim
Final
Final
Interim
Final
Final
)H
30
31
34
36
41
43
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull PHYSIOLOGY AND MASS REAHING ~~Icrl1 ON
Project Number Project Title Hcp()rt~~ ~_L
GM 6]1 Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Precooling Storage Techniques Interim JII
GM 6]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period Final 45
GM 6]] The Hatch Rate of L dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg Interim 49
GN 6 ]4 Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Interim 50
G11 6]5 Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation and Development of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techshy
I VJ niques for Rearing and Handling Larval Gypsy Moths Interim 54
I
GI1 6]6 Establishment of Standards for Monitorir~ Performance and Quality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths Preliminary 62
Gl16]7 Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and Development of Effective Sanitation Procedures Preliminary 63
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull -------j~pound~Ill)(r Erojer t rri tJ~ 1~~middotmiddot __ ~ll
GlVl 638 Development of Methods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated lith Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Hath Pr-e l irninary () i
GM 639 Insect Production and Distribution Interim ( r
I j I
III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullI
APPENDIX
Title Page
Appendix 1 Repellents of Late Instar Gypsy Moth Larvae 66
-5shy
II
bullbull
Project Number GM 611 Project Title Laboratory Screening of Candidate Pesticides
Against the Gypsy Moth bull Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
bullbull The main objective of this laboratory screening project is to collect
mortality data on registered and experimental compounds potentially useshyful against the gypsy moth evaluating the data and selecting suitable materials for field testing
The following materials were tested against gypsy moth larvae using the
bulloak seedling test technique
bull
Material Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Mortality
bullABG-6070 Abbott 025 Ib8ozA II 100
012 Ib4ozA II 99 006 Ib2ozA II 97
bulloOJ IblozA II 81
001 Ib gA II 66 Check II 1
bull (05 parts
piperonyl butoxide to 1 part ABG-6070) 02 Ib10ozA II 100
01 Ib 5ozA II 99
bull 005 Ib25ozA II 94 00251bl25ozA II 64 0012 Ib62ozA II 52
Check II 0
bullbull (1 part pipershy
anyl butoxide to 1 part ABG-6070) 02 Ib16ozA II 99
bull01 Ib8ozA II 100
tl 005 Ib4ozA II 97 002 Ib2ozA II 96
001 IblozA II 83 Check II a
bull(2 parts pipershy
bullanyl butoxide to 1 part ABG-6070) 02 Ib24ozA II 100
01 Ib12ozA r 100 005 Ib 6ozA II 99
TT 0025 Ib 3ozA ---L 89 It TT
bullLL0012 Ibl5ozA 65
Check II 1
bull
Days After
Treatment
6 6 6 6 6 6
4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4
-6shy
aer al Company Dosage Tnstar Weather
ABG-J7Q Abbott (L parts piperony1 juoxde to 1 part ASG-6J7D) 02 lb320zA II 100
01 1b160zA II 100 005 1b 80zA II 97 0025 Ib 4ozA II 90
0012 1b 20zA II 86 -r--Check L o
(6 parts pishyperony1 butoxide to 1 Dart ABG-6070) 02 1b640zA II 99
01 Ib320zA II 95 005 Ib16ozA II 94 L 0025 1b 8ozA II 51 L
002 Ib 40ZA II 48 4III
Check II o 4
bullbull (Piperonyl
butoxide only) 10 lbgalA II 5 5 05 lbgalA II 3 5
025 lbga1A II o 5 012 lbga1A II 7 5 006 1bgalA II o r
bull
Check II o 5
bullDecis Procida 0013 IbgalA 11 97 L
00065 IbgalA II 98 LI
1)0032 IbgalA II 89 I
bull
00016 IbgalA II 90 000082 ItgalA II 51 L
Check o L
Decis It 0013 lbgalA II 1 85 L
II 2 78 )
bull II II J 83
I II II
bull
II 1 (J6 Newfilm)
II II 1 (J6 Chevron
bullII
1 Sticker) 4 II 1
(Jo Pinolene Sticker) 4
-7shy
--- -
---
_=shy - -- - --
~Iaterial Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Mortal i -- - ~-= -- = -=- -shy
0ecis Procida 00065 ngalA II 1 65 II 2 66
J II 3 58 fI II 1
(Yo Nu-film 17) 7S L TT 1i--l
(Jlo Chevron Sticker) 41
1 II 1 (50 Pinocene
Sticker) 53 4 00032 lbgalA II 1 59 4
H II 2 56 3 II 3 35 4
00016 IbgalA II 1 34 4 II 2 27 3
H H H II 3 23 4 H H 00008 IbgalA II IH 22 4
H II 2 24 3 II 3H 21 L
Checks a 4 = 0013 lbgalA II (2 hr artificial 1JV light) 100 7
7 ~ 0006) Iblial A II 87 I
bull H
00032 OtciJ i II 28 7
bull H
iI 00016 2- t-gallA I 3L~ 7
I 00008 IbgalA II 20 7 Check 0 7
00013 lbgalA II (4 hr artificial UV light) 90 4
00065 lbgalA II 60 4 00032 IbgalA II 12 4
bullbull H
H
00016 lbgalA II 9 4 00008 IbgalA II 4 4
Check 0 4 OOlJ lbgalA II (2 hr natural
sunlight) 99 6
bull H 00065 l1)galA II 97 6
Ii T~00032 ~bgaA 86 6
bull
H 00016 IbgalA II 67 6 I OOOOEl ItgalA II 35 IJ
Check 0 6 0013 IbgalA IT (4 hr naturalj
sunlight) 66 2 00065 IbgalA TT 32 2_LJ
bull j l irJ i t
00032 ))a-I raquo - 40 2 00016 IbgalA II 29 2
bull
t t OOG08 Ibfla A II H 17 2 Check 0 2
bull -8shy
I
-
-- - ~
2crial Company Dosage l8r-C ~ - --- --_ --shyInstar Weather Agirg - - - -- -- shy
l~FMC 30980 FMC 0062 lbgalA II r -
J~ shy~ O0312 IbgalA II -~ shy~
0015 IbgalA II 58 shy
0007 1bgalA II 16 5 0003 lbga1A II 7 5
Check a 5 0025 lb gaL A II 1 61 7 0012 lbgalA II 1 70 7 0062 1-1_u ga II 1 15 7
bull IIA
0003 ItgalA II 1 5 7 0001 1bgalA TT 1 ij I~1
7
bull
Check II 1 7
middotT 35171 FMC 02 ItgalA II 100 3 01 lbgalA II 100
bull J
005 lbgalA II 100 3
bull 0025 1bgalA II 99 3
0012 1tgalA II 99 3 0006 IbgalA II 99 4 II Tshy
10003 IbgalA 100 L~ 0001 1bgalA II 100
bull 4shy 00007 lbgalA II 97 4
Check 1 4 002 lbga1A II 1 100 5
001 Lb~ Igal- li II 1 100 5I
bull I 0006 IbgalA II 1 100 5
0003 lbg-alA II 1 96 5 0001 lbgalA 1 1 1 90 5
r-
bull TTCheck LL 0
bull - -
~3497 FMC 02 ngalA II 98 4 01 lbgalA II 95 4 005 lbgalA II 87 4 002 IbgalA II 75 L 001 lbgalA II 51 4
bull Check II a 4
002 ngalA II 1 17 6 001 1bga1A II 1 15 6
bull
0006 lbgalA II 1 10 6 0003 ItgalA II 1 7 6 I
n j VUJ
r~ IbgalA II 1 6
bull ~
Check J 6
-_ G li]1C 021 IbgalA II 100 P ~- A 3
010 oIE L II 100 1rl
0052 IbgalA n 100 1
I 0026 IbgalA II 100 1
it 0013 IbgalA II 81 3 0006 1 A 1 I gal II 92 4
TT 4 0003 IbgalA 67L~
11 00016 111 A J fla1 II 29 4 T- 4Check 0J
-9shy
Day
bullbull After
Material Company Do sago Instar Weather Aging Nor tal Lty Treatment
FMC 45498 FMC OO2( middotbgalA II 1 40 5 CJ in 3 ~_ b sal A II 1 L) 5
bull T 000 1r)g-al~A JL 1 25 5
oC() lbira1A II 1 10 5 cooi Hq]lAJ 01lt- II 1 I) 5~
bull
( -le~K II i S
pp 383 leI l~O iJ~Cil A II leo 2
bull I bull A 0) LUI gcU II 100 2
~ ~ S IbgaiA l L 100 3 (1 - TT 3J ~ l-LlasalA 100
bull
A1n gal) II 1
1 1 ] II
I 006 - 90 1 I C03 lgtjga ii 93 6
TT r1 J 001 lbgc11 69 v
OG07 tSr l 1I 49 61ha II
bull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Il 11 9 C~(J) ~J f I-~ ( I J l II 33 6_Ishy
I I P r
~)~DO_ 1-) -al~J I 1 J1 16 5 II TTGlICOO9 b ~S8Jt -t 7 5
j L I p 1 J A (~ w ()C)oLi L U Kctl n IT 1 5 i~t ~(ck 11 0 5
RE-218 RahID - )Haas O lt)c Lgal- II 1 86 J
q (j it(1 I h i t~ 1 A -
-- ~ Clti)L i J II 1 96 3 ll II 1 96 3
~T
o j-1A 1 bullbull 1 64 3
11 1 28 3 -J1C k 0 3
2umithion S tauflaquo n (feY -- lbgalA II 100 Lt
OilS 1b gEtl 1 II (+15 Atlox) 100 Lt p u ) 1b r 1 II (+15 Sorpol) 100 gaL 11- 3
r ] 1-- 13 A ) 5 --I II 1 48 3 11 ~ 05 ugal L Jr 1 ( +15 Atlox) 26 3
o c 1b 13 I A- rr 1 (+15 Sorpo1) 17 1T I raquo ~ 1) 1- 3
o ~ S~ b6d L d II 1 (+ Y6 Rhop1ex Sticker) 100 4
n v- l-bgatA II 2 (+Jib Rhoplex Sticker) CG L
J bull ~
r~ r- bull J 1) gelmiddot i1li L1 3 (+10 Rhonlex Sti~ker) 100 5
o J- ~CJ LA II 1 (+15 Atlox + Y6 Rhoplex
Sticker) reoj)
c o itgalA II 2 (+15 Atlox + 16 Rhoplex
Stickel) 64 4 J tf
lu-r II (+15 Atlox +J r
1A Rhop1ex
Sticker) 81 5
-10shy
bullbullbullbull
~~-P~
81 -~ shyMaterial Company Dosage Instal Weather Aging Mortal qy Irsa =e-
Sumithion Stauf-D ~ npounda 1 Itfer tgt -- II 1 (+15 Sarpal +
7J1 JO Rhaplex
Sticker) 99 L r A (+15 Sorpa1 +0 bull ~
i~lt) l~-oGc I ~- 1) II 2
Jo Rhon1ex Sti~ker) 99 4
~ ~T r) II
~) uI gall it 4l1 3 (1-15 Sorpol + Jo Rhoplex
Sticker) 80 5 fl bull 1 la- 1 A (JS C) t4L f 11 100 41-
I O~ ItgalA II (+15 Atlox) 100 3 - 1 TT itgt C JbgaJ ti -L (+190 Sorpal) 99 3
b egtl~- it L 1 32 3 t-1 TT - 5
ga A J 1 (+15 Atlax) 11 3 r-l
-
I~~ ~ 1-0 ~cl A II III lJ Sarpal)C-_) + ~ 13 30
I A l~l Ill J cV~ II 1 (+ 31~ Rhaplex Sticker) 95 4
TTI hcl~ i CC-- o lL 2 74 6 ( J_ =- gSL Ji 1 3 85 5 t~
~~_ i coEt Ii 1 (+ JIo Atlax + JIo Rhap1ex
Sticker) 97 ) -tshy ~ --T-t - bull l_ 2 (+ Jo Atlcx +
j( Rhoplex Sticker) 71 6
I ~ k_ 5 ( T]~ AtLox +
] lhoplex Sticker) 30
l r~ shy r ~) c~ I J~- 1 1 (+1 Sorpal + JIo Rhoplex
Sticker) 94 4 iI 1 r- g -o l A (+15 Sarpol +-~~ S _ u __ TT
bull_ )LL
JIo llhoplex sticker) 76 6
It r-11
~middot -iA U bLJ II 3 (+15 Sarpal + 3 Rhaplex
Sticker) 66 5 Checks 0 6
VEL 3883 r e1 si~ -r-vshycol _L 1 bC[i~L IA J i 99 6
H J ~~J euromiddotmiddott J A 99 6
fil If o g8 A 100 6
v 1~ - L gLllA ~l 89 o TT L
~ ( J6 (cilA 85 6
L ~E- 1 IA II 77 6 H -j 1-- ~-- ~ -= ~~ 156 _~ _ tdL H II 65 6 I ~ ~ C073 ~L (pound7)1 1~ 1L 26 6 If j ~ r)() )0 1 t A Li 10 6_1
CL~z L 0 6
-11shy
J)----Cl c
~+~---IJ_ ~__
Via terial Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Nortality TrGlt-e
VEL 3883 Velsi shy-1 col 10 lbga1A II -- )
05 1bga1A II 1 ~
II t--~025 1bgalA II 1 2 -012 1bga1A II 1 2 5
006 1bga1A II 1 0 c -Check II 0 )
irk continued with the new SevinID-4-oil formulation The viscos i ty o f ( formulations was tested
bullbullbullbullbull -12shy
The Tri toamp X-190 and Sevint-lt-cil formulation was field tested at
LO Ibs a i qt fA bull 0 uraquo Ell bull I qt I
025 lbs ai qt A
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbull-13shy
This formulation vlaS compar-ed tc SeviIi0-4-oil and kerosene at
10 Ibs ai40ozA0 Ibs aiatA
We are happy to rfport that Orthene-E 75S and Djm51iamp 25 Wp ve rc registered by the Uni ted States Environmental Protection Acncy for gJpsy moth use
Orthene 7SS
By a i r - 23 to 1 1L a i 2 qt H20A
hBy air - 003 to )06 lb a~ I i or 2 galA
The Ot_s laborltory and field rews played a grect part in the success of both mat8ria~81lt
__ltl- IjJSixteen gall ons ly)rthern red oak Jcmiddot-r118 were colI f~ted and stored in
cold storage
A totaI It --~ ~fL)13(ti(~i_l 88-~p~~~~s IT~jl1~ ~eCf~velt ~-()l ~~_8J)Clrato~rr and field tejts
Much of t ru s YCPO]tD peTioieJ STJmiddot~middott work i nr jYJ che field on experimental insecticide plats
A sui +able land-fill for the disposed cd emp ty onc~e( t ic ide containers was Loca t ed in Plainvi Ll Le ]Viaco lhis is about 6C i Les from Otis and is reshycommended by the Boston off i ce of Uni tec f372tes Environmental Protection Agency
Host Laboratory equipment-Ims packed ready for moving into the new building
I~etings
JIr HcLane gave talk 01 th Eftgt eetment made in 1(316 and demonstrated
ec davs in Hyat t svilLe H]) work i ng on apshy
bull
bull
bull
bullbull
bull
bull
bull bull
bull
bull
bullbullbull
Project Number GN 612 Project Title 1976 Field Studhs of Differen~ E()rmulations of
IrlnuLin and Sevin-)-1--0il Report Period April 1 1976 September 30 1976 Report lype P t T TO lecmiddot LJeaGers
Interim Larrry L Herbaugh w H l1cLane C H Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Each year f or the past 3 generation3 the gypsy moth Lymantri8 dispar (L) bas defci Latori thouaands of ac re s of forested Land in t he northeast Because of tht s investigations bTe corrt inual l y be i ng carried out to evaluate new materies and new fITfillations of current registpred ~ateria18
IVlaterlaJs and Methods In 1970 the following rnat0rial~ and fo rmula tions were tested for gypsy moth con t r o l DimiLin op Dilli1in 3middot~ Gil keroser18 Dimilj~rl j middot3 oil + TlitolJ X-190 + water Se~Tin-J-(Jil + kerosene arid Se-rJin-Lt-oil t- TLampt ton xmiddot~ l~)() + JcLtE-r Each ell the maLer-La~_S va s aerially applied to 50 acre plots Hi 3 replicates for ov aLua t i on Table I gives the details on chemical concentration and application rate
IabLs I Details of 19c6 formula t i (lUS field tested
-------------__------------Cllemical Concent ra t ion
and I1a tcrial APl21 Leat_ign Ra te- __ __ _Eerm~middotdlts ___ _
9DVcd a t less than 7) iage expansion
L~_l I in and wateY--ltL
GO scicker added
DimiLin 3 j oil ( 1 1b c 1 AU bull jJ - ct1 oct fl Keroaerie+ KerOS(~rle
I)rrlilirl 3 3 ~)il
-+- Tr5_tor )-19D1- r 3 lb ai gaJI~
water
Se-r]] fl-4-0il + ) SJ Cl IA ~6 middotJZ K81~GSe~ne
Kero serle 10 lb J_~ o~A 8 07 ~Kt-~-cosene
bull ~)~ vin -J i-Cil i -~
bull Se ~i ~L( Lt- 0 i 1
bull11 r X-190
wa teT
bull
bull
Plot Establishrnent TLe test plots were established Ln an area adjacent to the 1975 study area in Clinton COill1ty Peru1sylvania This area met the following requirements (l) a building population in whi ch there had been no Bore than 1 years noticeable defoliation prior to the test year (2) a readily measureabJe population of egg masses and (3) a predominance of preferred host trees (oaks)
Each So acre square plot was laid out by establishing an accessible base corner and plotting boundary lines along compass headings Harkers were placed at 811 four corners for aircraft guidance Within each 50 acre plot 5 s~bplots (01 acre) or sampling units were randomly established These subplots were representative of the entire plot and served as samplshying points throughout the experiment Sampling points were similarly e s tab l i shec in untreated check areas to measure natural ccndi tions
Application The application schedule was de s i gned so that material was to be applied when the majority of the larvae were in the late second inshystar stage and the oak foliage was 50-75 expanded One exception to this was the early treatment of Ililllilin that was applied at early 1st instar when oak foliage was less than ~~ expanded
NatErials were mixed and transferred into the aircraft with conventional equipment (mixing tank pumps hoses measuring devices and necessary safety equipment) All niXing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between each treatment to avoid adulteration Radio communications were maintained be tween the ground conditions of wind velocity and materials dispersement
All plots W8T8 treated wi th a Ces~ma Ag Truck al rcraff e quippe d wi th a hydraulic 3rven 2wpellr pump arid 2 converrt i onai STJT3y system (see Table II) The airplane disperse- the craterial lliS fxd- 3wa-ths at ])1 mph as near to tree top level as po ss Lb l e wi th 5 fTcurcl -ird velocity of less than 5 mph
-15shy
bull 1
bullbull bullbullbullbullbull
------- ------gt-_-------------- shy
I1aterial Noz zl e s Orifice
Di miLi n 2 middotIP 006 It d t falA (eal12l) D8-L5 Q
006 10 2j lsd11A DP-middothS Dd-L[r C006 Ib aigallA
J)imillc J 3 (~1 +
Kerosene 003 it Dlqt 80C2FF
Dimilin 1 ~ 0j J
Tli ton X-I + water
8002FF
05 lb aiqt C~~ 2f ~1
iraquo 1b 3iL_ ozA
o 5 ib middot--1 L
10 Lb 8iL-O D002FF
-Evalll~_tior~ ~~~~)~-h ~--Tn~ZIJ8n t J(~~~ emiddot~Ll1at(-a r~(l1Tl the s tandpo trrt of fo lLage protec t i or -ti16 TC [)J-L t -1 crj T~dJ lt middott~ t
tClt)[[l li~LlfiJ 0stJIuates of t~e deg-ree of I rLo t s a t the termination of larval
) f-L CL[ ~ ~ C~-j Lnl rL~~
CC)Lj]gtajng f~_vJ -- ru t C 3 ~ T j 11~
arI~ pl o C5 b~i prl i ~cd p- I Spmiddotrciy JJ -~~LLtl the ex ~ept~---~~ TLrrli~lL ) ~1 all
7shy k( I~C Smiddot- rlE~ _gti~ ~~ - t -) X-19 1 ) -I 12-(middotmiddot-shy ~L~~- ~)l~j_l-in WF
gtrhi c h ~[c -~1 (~ n( -t~ ~I()X ina te ~Y r~ Ii ~~V 1 tf-~r trea tmsnt
(middot~middotf-_lmiddotmiddotl
)JJ
bullbull
ConoIus ion i PT~~i i nunarv data S11~)W tha t all formuLa r ions o r rljiti~l 8JG
Sevin-L-oLl + kcrosble rave (~xce~_ ent results in larval reductJon FrLlbullegg mass vcount L ~ hi macJe +0 Cetenline i this conoi tion continues to hold true
bull One nitial -()nI~ 1~~-)_~2- th_L~ 3~hOv1=~ oxceLlent po ten LLaI is the fact tIlat DimiLi rs - c P JbfcYi appl ie_l at H20 f viJ E le S8 than S oak f()l~_~tge ~-~(lDsicr~ gave g~o)d f- LJ~~(- p-otmiddotciinl and r-uced l arval actishy
bull v ty rl1~aj1~-~1tly ltbullbull T=~ LY 10 )C
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- II II II -shyAfl~U1GE COUNT
10 +shy 0 cc o o o o
~ ~- coe DinuLln 25 wP (early) 06 IbgallA
~~ Dimilin 25 vIP (normal) 06 Ib2 qtA
fojf-
~ I-j CD
~~-~~X~~~~-~~~-~~~~bull
Sevin-4-oil - Kerosene 1 Ib40 ozA
Dirnilln 33 oil - TXl90shy ~CJter 03 IbqtA
Dimilin 33 oil - Kerosene 03 IbqtA
l1 1 CD I
(fJ
0 f-j
~
~ ~ ~
10 1--3 CD r p g c+ CD
f-J p1
~ ~
~~
~~
~~~
lmiddotmiddot 1 IXlt)0 ir t ~ hI + rJeJln-+-OT - - Wo el bullJ UfIi
D middot J tro 06 Ib ~ Ianui rn ~ vvr- gaL li
Sevin I J K~Yr c-nIle lt Ibq+ r0t l-+-j _~L - u gtJ bull 1 - _J bull vi l
~d
o to c+ bullto
d - ~
I
m c+ I-jf-J
~ o o
~ (fJ
~~ Sevin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water 1 Ib) OZA
~~~ Sevirl--4-oil - Txl90 - Water 25 IbqtA
I -- (X)
I
~)t)~ E Untreated Ch8Cks
-bullbull Ptlo~SNI tuLIIGF f3fiE-1IlN
tV Jgt 0shy co o o o o o o
061bgalA D-lmilin 25 WP (early)
I - I Iebull uO J-o I~ erG i1 JimHin 25 wP (normal) I-rj
j-J
o~ f-J (1)
Sevin-4-oil - Kero sene I--~ Ib40 ozA I-rj ll 0 UJ I-
~h 0 lbmiddot(jmiddott gt - 11 DirJlin 33 oil - TXl90 - Water I-- p1 CD UJ CD UJ
rI-~ Diu-Uin 33 oiI - Ke ro ~ene 00Obull 3 1(1 qt 1-
sect co
f-- c+ OJ-J ampl 0
~evin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water bull l51bqtA
lJ f-J CD
DiJ1lilin 25 l-lP I06 IbgalA to
1j f-J Pl
lti
51bqtA _ Sevin-L~-oil - Kero sene pD H o I-- j-J
-o
p c+~ Ib40 OZA _ Sevin-L-oil - TXl90 - Water f-J
~
25 IbqtA Selin-4-oil - TX1-90 - ltIater
Untreated Checks I
f- -0
I
I I II II III I
II II II II
-
Project Number GM 613 Project Title Field Testing of Ground Applied Insecticides Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Larry L Herbaugh W H McLane C R Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Experimental use permits were received from EPA in early June 1976 for testing Orthene 75S Imidanreg 50 Wp Sevi~) 80S In addishytion to the above Sevin-4-oil with water and NTN 9306 were tested
One-acre plots were established in the Bald Eagle State Forest lands in Centre and Clinton Counties Pennsylvania These plots contained a measureshyable population of gypsy moth eggs and were located in heavily wooded areas representative of campground situations
These plots were established so that they were ca 200 feet square with a small dirt road dividing them Within each one-acre plot two subplots or sampling units were established Each of these illlits comprised 140 of an acre and was placed on each side of the road These 140 acre sampling units were used for all evaluations throughout the program
Application Only a small quantity of materials were needed for application Because of this materials were mixed on site using conventior~l mixing equipment and a nurse tank for a water supply All mixing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between treatments to avoid any adultershya tion
The materials were applied with a John Bean Mist Blower mounted on a 1-12 ton 4-wheel drive truck at the following rates
25 Ib a ir gal H20A
50 lb ai5 gal H20A Orthene 75S 10 It ai5 gal H20A Imidan So Wp 15 Ib ailS gal H20A and Sevin 80S 20 Ib ailS gal H2OA
3S Ib ai5 gal H2OA
Each of these dosages was replicated 3 times for each material
125 Ib ailS gal H20ANTN 9J06 50 Ib ai5 gal H20A
Sevin-4-oil and 20 Ib ailS gal H20A T X-190 + water 35 Ib ailS gal H20A
Evaluation Each treatment was evaluated from the standpoint of percent foliage protection larvae reduction using a 15 foot string count and egg massesacre reduction Tht latter data is not yet available at this vrriting
Foliage protection and larvae reduction are shown in the following table
-20shy
II - II - II II II II II II II - - II II -- shy -Foliage Average Larval String Counts
Material Dosage Protection Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment l 25 Ib ai5 gallA L~9 5 20 46 50 Ib ai5 gallA 667 25 22
10 lb ai5 gallA 854 30 20Imidan 50 wp 15 lb ai5 gallA 580 18 33
20 Ib ai5 gallA 565 2S 16 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 420 33 14
Check - 3middotS 19 8
1O25 Ib ai5 gallA -LL bull 5 26 5 So Ib ailS gallA 620 22 2
10 Ib ailS gallA 43middotS 23 2Sevin 80S 15 Ib ailS gallA 55S 22 1
20 Ib ailS gallA 827 26 1 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 894 2S S
Check - So 42 40
2S Ib ai5 gallA 800 29 6
50 lb ailS gallA 911-1 25 3 10 Ib ailS gallA SlLtO 26 2
NI Orthene 7SS ~J
15 Ib ailS gallA 9)-1-0 29 0 I 20 Ib ailS gallA 940 22 0
35 Ib ai5 gallA 940 19 0 Check - 7S 48 Sl
Sevin-4-oil + 20 1b ailS gallA 770 39 6 T X-190 + H2O 35 Ib ai5 gallA 870 3S 9
12S Ib ailS gallA 750 15 1NTH 9306 5 Ib ailS gallA 730 IS 2
oCheck - 20 10j
l Post-treatment readings based on 5th day after treatment
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Conclusion Initial results show that Imidan~ 50 Wp gave ca 5~o folia~~ protection and ca 16 larval reduction at the 3 higher dosages
SevillE 80S gave ca 76 foliage protection and ca 99 reduction in larval activity at the 3 higher dosages
Orthenereg 758 gave ca 94 foliage protection and ca 100 larval control at the 3 higher dosages
In comparison the two new formulations of Sevin-4-oil and T X-190 and H20 and NTN 9306 gave ca 8~o and 74 foliage protection respectively and ca 78 and 87 reduction in larval activity respectively
Data in the following table indicate that Orthene0) 758 and Sevi~ 80S will give the greatest degree of foliage protection as well as reducing larval activity on a 15 foot string count
-22shy
bullbull I)
I)
I)
I)
bullbullbullbullbull II II I)
II I)
II I)
Project Number GM 614 Proj8ct Title Evaluation of Pesticides for Browntail Moth Report Period April 1 1976 - September 31 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
The primary objective of this p~oject is to screen candidate materials against the browntail moth
Orthene reg was the only material tested against brown tail larvae
Dosage Instar 110rtali ty Days
After Treatment
1 IbaigalA II 92 2 05 IbaigalA II 100 2 025 IbaigalA II 96 2 012 IbaigalA II 90 2 006lbaigalA II 98 2 Check II loS 2
Mr McLane Mr Stockbridge Mr Stelle Mr Mosley and Mr Cartier met with Cape Cod National Seashore personnel to discuss future broNQtail work on the Cape A 5 year program was proposed as a result of the meeting and phone conversations vi th the Department of Interior and APHIS personnel
1976 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil ground plots with Sevin 80S
1977 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil Pyrethrin and Dimilin
1978 Select the most promising from the ones experimentally tested in 1976 and 1977 treat the entire infestation on Cape Cod using aircraft backpacks and mistblowers
1979 Clean up any infestation left
1980 Clean up any infestation left
However after a meeting wi th the Seashore Advisory Committee park super-shyintendent Hadley made a decision that no spraying should be done Q~til
the committee was informed of our plans and their approval was obtained To date this meeting has not come about
Meetings
Area I Managerial Meeting Hartford Corill Mr McLane gave a talk on the proposed 5 year broivntai1 moth program for Cape Cod Mass
Mr McLane met with Mr J KilIan Chief Environmentalist for the Cape Cod National Seashore to discuss the brovrrtaiL problem at the Seashore
-23shy
bullbullbullbull II II
bull II II II II
bullbullbullbullbull
Project Number (~riI 6l5 Project Title Regulatory Treatments (Laboratory - Field) Report Period AfrE 1 1976 - September W 1976 Report TJpe Irl tertIa Project Leaders Winfred H McLane L Ii Herbaugh J A Einney
The lack of effective treatment methods fer recreational vehicles and mobile homes is a major dficipncy Ll the APHIS Gypsy Hath regulatory program Slt1xpcIimentcl laboratory and field tests are conducted to develop improved techniques for cP2ling iii tt thi s and other r811atory problems
On December 191175 a residue test I2S s tartlaquo Nt) 7 irs(~ctiGiles Tvo hundr-ed tar paper squares (6 x 6) each were treated with insectjcide using amp c 5 It aita1 soLut i on SevfTI insecticideswere tested with 1 set of tar paper used fUJ a check The papers were treated to the point of runshyoff Half of t he paper-s were aged oucdoor-s tacked under (4 x 8) sheets of masonite haI f were hs Ld inside the laboratory Norie were exposed to sunlight
Ten newly h~tchd sectYl)sy noth larvae were exposed to tar paper sheets at 10 day Lnte rval a iC)r the f i r s t lCO days of aging fo Llowing treatment This was achieve by pLacing +he paper in a cyl inrrricaL cardboard container wi th artificial di et lt J10rta1 ity readings were( made after 24 hours and L8 hours
Mortality Hr- JJarvae Exposed After Naterial Aged
Material ~___ to IvIaterial U)() Days 200 Das 260 Lays
DDT 50 vp Insil1Ff lGO 100 32 inside ~CJO 100 100
0Outside 100 jlt 20 UlI1sideuro- 100 100 100
Resmethrin Inside 24 28 (EC) Inside )-8 oP R4 I ~)
IJutfLfle 24 28 48 7)-
SBP-l Sl) 2L R(8C) Ll~middot
OJ 9C -I iOe
96
10 1f)C
bullbull II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
bullbull
I10rtality Hr La~Jae Exposed After Ha terial
laterial Aged to r1aterial 100 Days 200 Days 26C Daye
Phoxin Inside 24 100 98 100 (EC) IIlside 48 100 100 100
Outs i de 24 100 100 100 Outside La 100 100 100
Pyrenone Inside 2L+ 34 46 2 (EC) insLde 48 60 72 46
cdOutside --I~ 38 16 a Outside I+8 61~ +2 28
I1onitor Inside ~I lUO )eLf 78 (L
G~)(EC) 118 1)0 100 Outsids 2Li 66 46
ooOutside LiS i(JO z jLi
) I Check Inside - -t 5~middot 26 0 - j
Insid~ hB ~L gt+ 6 l)uttir~c 4 20 2 Cllt3ide- ~t~~ t ~ 1+0 6
Based on Laboratrrv rfsul tc lJresented in the IJst report a field test was started August 3 196 with Iop Job pine scent wax [ax remover Dimilin and fire ex t ingui shcr agent Ten egg masses are be ing treated each month from August 3 197C unt i I April 1 1977 Five masses are being covered wi th black building paper and S are being left exposed lhree dosages of each material are being usel along wi th a check
During April 1977 211 eggs will be col Lec ted and incubated in the labora-middot tory for hatch If hatch can hi pr2vented it may be possible to uae one or more of thlaquo materials as a treatment on tr_L18rs and RVs
To date 3 t reatments haveJeer made
On June 23 19761+ uate r i al s (Sevin (583 S8 [n-i~-il Orthene and Lrridan ) most generally used f Jr gypsy mot h control h~ sprayed -+0 the poi rrt of runshyoff on 110 acre plots us ing a back-pack mist~jL)1er Dosago s usee were same as rec()mmeIldw~ in ths APHIS recillatorJ rnanual
Every 3 day fo11ovrC9 tl(~atment rliage was c oll eo te d and Lioassaysd against 3ro instar Larvae 1fCt~middot~ 72 hour lrtality reading being mado After 9middot days treated foliag wal stiLl givirfL~_2[pound211eln mortalitx
q ~[ortality After Material L Days Ul Days lC s3[S _
Sevin 8)3
Sev-inmiddotmiddotL-Gil OrtbeEe Imidan Check 17
--
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II
bullbullbullbull
II
Project Number GM 616 Project Title Field Testing of Javenile Hormone Analogs for Ovicidal
Activity Report Period Anril 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Itterim Project Leaders Charles P Schwa2be A P Norris
The juvenile hormone analogs Al tozar lE and ZR-t19 SE have been reported as having ovicidal properties When gypsy moth 8fg nasses are deposited on recently treated surfaces hat chab iLi ty yf 8ggS is reduced ZR-619 also appears to inhibit female moths from layingjhriT full complement of eggs Compounds with these properties may be user1 fOT regulatory treatments
Boles of white and red oak trees -lere sprayed foe tho point of ruri-off with water emulsions of Altozar and ZR-619 at 8g1 Ireatsents were aged for 1 3 7 14 21 and 28 days before bioassay At tb~ end of each aging period S or more 3 day old mated female moths from f Le Ld collected pupae were imprisoned on each of S trees (total ()f 25 replicatestreatment) Ihere were 10 replicates (2 trees) for each control The female moths that deposited egg masses were recovered (generally after one day) placed in polyethylene bags and frOZet111D riI they could be dissected to determine the number of unl a i d eggs Egg masses wiI 1 be coJlscted from the treated and control surfaces during IlecembQr 1976 an~ tested for embryonation parasi tization and ha tchabiLt ty
Females from the 1 3 7 and 28 day exposure pe r i ous have been dissected and unlaid eggs counted The results are shovn by the accompanying tab Le Preliminarily it appears that with the excep ti on of the 1 day ZR-61) treatment there was no effect of treatment on the nurnbe r of eggs laid by female moths It is interesting to note that laboratoryreaTf3(J tno th s were useci for the 1 day ZR-6l9 trea tluent Dcotailed disCUSSJCiD 01 thesA data will be deferred until all ]~eSl--l ts OCl egg smbryona t i on parc~si_ t i zation and hatchability have been obtained
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-----------
middot-------_ bullbullbull _~ bullbull EGGS lJlI11AID EY FENALES EXPOSED TO TRUNKS pHEATED WITH ALTOZAR 4E lIJm ZRmiddot-619 SE
Q2Y2129ynd
Iiays Treatment
ampif_~i
Numbe-r of Used
_fre~ t Control
Females Recovered
Tle~t __CoDjl~_
Numbe-r Unlaid Eggs Total Average
1reaJ_Qonto L)~1Zs~J_-0ontro1
Al i008) ) E~
ZI -~ I~~ 19 ~I~~
I
J 36 c )
14 Ij(1
32 ~
1 f 1~Lr
13 123[3 7G34
380 1797
387 )36
271 138 ~)
A1 t ozar I
11-- S1 C] ~ --
3
3 L~O
50 16 T1-s 1shy
30 ~)8
If) 1 -Llt
1394 1519
619 - (1 I
J-~
L+65 5hJ
Lf 13 493
A1 t-IZ~lX )~r~
~~R-C ~L9 ~jE
i ~ r ~O
Igt ~ c
15 18
J- 39
11 1 I LL4
104)~ l1-rr
660 F3S5
J26 292
508 632
I ) -J
I
Al t 0 L~i C i~)
-~Ti lt(j1 r)
Altozar wE Z11-(19 SE
)Q
~
- ~)
- 1 j
LJ
25 27
3j
30
12 -
-ii
14 IS
2S ~) ~
25 2S
10 1U
11 J 2
805 sed
1059 1398
2L~6 r(0
JJSO 9
2 3)
Li24 5)9
25() 6
12~ 7 391
JfJrtttcry r~ared iEIalCs ant] m3Jl~ used aUJthers ere fr-om f iel d collected pupae
bullbull Project Number GM 622
bull Project Title Responses of ~Ble Gypsy Moths to Traps as AffecteC ~
the PeatE of Pheromone Release Report Period April I 1976 - Septe~ber 30 1976
bullbull
Report Type Errcer im Project Leaders Charles P Sch~Lb2 E C Paszek
Preliminary trapping experiments with disparlure indicated that attracti-veshyness is affected by the rJte at which the pheromone is released from the trap Large amount s of lure seemed 0 have an inhfb i torr or repellent effect ConfLrmatorv studies were planned in which multiples of Corrre Ic fibers would be used to bait standaTd delta traps in order to define the pheromone ls1ea8e rate at which maxinnna attradiveness 10 sul ted Such inshyformation would be 2xcPPdingly useful in pI(eparnf specifications for comshy
bull mercial production of progTam pheromone dispenpers Unfortunately certain difficulties vpre encYLmtered in developing a sound expemiddotrinental program and it was suggested that this work be carried out by scientists at the
bullPennsylvania Stat Uni ve r-si ty Freliminary date have been made available to us but we 8re unable to uti I izhen in this report
bullExperiments in tti- pr)j0ct aCil Cl conduc tcd in collaboration with the ARS Optically active enantiCnj2rs of cis-Jlrparhrre were generously made available by Dr NarU1n(j~ Nagoya Uruve r-s i vs Iagoya Japan The objective of the tests was to determine the attractiveness (or other biological
bull properties) of tIl optically active ~nantiomers of disparlure Similar experiments were conducted by scientists from Nlchigan State University and the New York and C~~1nectiut State Agricultural Experimerct Stations
bullbullThese tests weI c onduc tcd in a natural infestation in FaTl River State Porest ILl lraps gtJere baited wit[ cc t t on dentJ wicks to which had been applied the indicated amcunt s of ( ) and-) (-) disparlure Delta traps were used in all ttsts i)fj a 25 III grid pat tfJ~11 rh) numbe r- of malt motho captured gtl2S reeordec c regular LrrtsrvaLs
In one experim8~lt the attrac tivene ns of racemic d i apar-I ure was compared with that of (+) enarrti omar Ihe rssults of middotshi test are given in Table 1
Table I Number of moths captur-sd il trans middotcLti ted with varying amount s elf racemic and optically active Hsparlure
1 L
lCCJC
------------------__-----_ _--__------shy
II II These ltlata clearly reflect -gt0 superior attractancy of the (+) enarrt iore r
compared with that of racemic mate r i al Approximately 10 X more raoths were captured with 100 ug (+) disP8rlure than with an equal amount of racemic pheromone Unfor-tuna te Ly limited amounts of the enantiomers
II prohibited testing at dosages gTeater than 10C ug and therefore it is
II not known if greater dosages woull -Lead to repeLten t or inhibitory effects It should also be noted that the Jptically active material contained ca 66 of its an t i podo Hirhly puCified pbermiddot~Cwj~e would likely yield someshywhat different data Ih_u is the first rcpc--t of 3~ clear relationship beshytween dosage and r-e sponee wheIc n_creased ple romone concentration y-ields a corresponding increase in ruoth response
II In another test the inhLbi t ory properties ()f t1gt (-) s nant iomar- were quantified deti3rrninirlg tile at t ractivenes (~r var i cus ratios of (+) and (-) disparlure These lata a~e presented n Table I
bull Table II NWllber of riaLe mo trs captured in tIP -x1ited with various
t~r8rltiomer ra tios
bull ----- -~---_ I shy
ugtraJ ug -) per Average catch ( -I- ) -i- _----LQ_ llg ~~_ J2eL_tmiddotr~a=p _
9 jL o (I te 936 1 1 75 120
c99 _J j 3-68 63 I
bull J 00 ioo L+ 12 ~ ~I I ) 380 32
bull L159 59 ~ 08
As addi tiCmiddot] iJlCgt1EltS oi (-) middotnre tdded V_ ij CZS ccntaiuing 10 uij (+) a t tr-activene ss 22di~J jmiddotrc~8s-(~ dsmonc2at~E the Lnhib i tOIJ nature
Yn t he ( c-~ j bull_ 1 m n - v 11+ i (1 60L f th01 rllt~ - 11 ccuUCc JgO_Ll -l_~e au k bull t-_f- CO bullbull oa~ne I )0 0 v bull e
II bull ) - -- n -I- f- - ~ 1 s +--- +- bull - -- - f ( rl J l dOppOSle c_Dctl_bull )Eler hie e_ua ar tr-ac mvene so O~ + -LlSpar_Ure COU
Dot be ceteIlied ~~xt-aTJ)lation of the p]ttcCc data suggests that 9Cf~ (+) disp2rl1lle 1~Cl~_middot(J cap turv 15-~() t i mes a iafr ~ioths as TaGer-tic phero-shymane at tho 10 -cC -2vel
A rnore 6ta-iled -report i s cur-rentIy ceins- lYr-pT~P( JJ_C pub lication The manuacrLpt -middotimiddotL 1 c~ i ~11 uIsd ~ n tho nex t LacL8tcr_~ P~ IJort
Project Number GM 623 Project Title Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leader Charles P Schwalbe
There is no progress to report on this project A prototype apparatus is being assembled which will permit systematic evaluation of various collection substrates Recent papers report successful collection of airborn volatiles on Porapak Q and Molecular sieve If quantitative collection of disparlure from female moths is s11ccessful pheromone emission will be used as a standard for determining quality of insects mass reared under various conditions
I I I I I
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I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I
Project Number GM 626 Project Title Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leader Edward C Paszek
Tree Tanglefoot a natural product made from castor oil gum resins and vegetable wax was used as an adhesive for sJPSY moth traps for )6 years 1913-1969 It was replaced in 1970 with Tack Trap a synthetic plastic type adhesive (polyisobutylene) which was less costly and through field testing found to be more effective than Tree Tanglefoot in holding capshytured moths in a trap Tack Trap has gone up in price fr-om $0421b in 1970 to $130lb in 1976 A number of companies are marketing synthetic sticky compounds to protect trees from climbing insects and as bird reshypellants These compounds were compared with Tack Trap and Tree Tanglefoot to determine their effectiveness in holding ca~tured ~psy moths
8plusmn5 of the following six compounds were weighed and applied to approxishymately 286 cm2 of the interior surface area of Delta traps An aging study on 12 these open traps was conducted in the greenhouse at a tempshyerature range of 10degC to 32degC for 5) months (119-62376) A field bioassay was made on 71476 after 6 months of aging in a natural infestshyation followed by a laboratory bioassay 91676 after 8 months of aging
Table I Mean number of 6 Boths per trap after 1 hour field bioassay in heavy infestation 24 hour laboratory chamber bioassay with )00 released 6 moths
Field Laboratory
Tack Trap (new sample) 145 60 Bird Iang1efoot 120 90 Excelcide Bird Repellant 105 200 Tack Trap (old sample) t10 105 Stikem-Special Iree Tanglefoot
6S o r
14)1)
After 6 months of aging in open traps Tack Prap Bird Ianglefoot Excelshycide Bird Repellant and Stikem-Special held captur-ed native moths Tree Tanglefoot glazed over and was a poor adhesive When bioassayed Ln a laboratory chamber after 8 months oflging vri it released moths many moths entered and fLev out of the traps indcating that the adhe sive tend to dry out and stiffen after Long periods of aging
The remaining samples were stored folded flat on the shelf in a closed paper carton at room te~perature (approxi~ately 22C) B~th sets of traps were weighed after 6 weeks of aging (3176) to deterwiu8 weight loss of the adhesives due to voLat i Liza t i on of solvents
-ushy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
-32shy
bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II II II II
bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
-----
Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
- 34shy-
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
-35shy
II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
-shy
CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
I -v f)
I
10
bullbull C N
bull 0shy-It)---
C) ~
~ et
gtshy ~
-lt
l 1 o Li
u Clt bull z ~ l pH
V i) j
iJ2
~
1M
Ibull
0= I~U Z
I~~ 0 tx N U
Z ~
pound0 t
~ N ()
I~ I
+ J ~ J
a U Z
-Ro o
-J
o a ~
Z
o o 0 o- 00 ~
031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
-49shy
I I
Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
I I
-50shy
I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
I I I I I I I
Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
I I I I
I II
I I
I I
Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
I
I
I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
I
I I I I I I I
-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
I
I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
-59shy
bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
-60shy
-------------------shy 111
--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
bull I I
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
I I I
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I -62shy
tests is being done can begin as soon as
I
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
I I I I I
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
I
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
I
I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
-69shy
I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
April 1976 - September 1976 Laboratory Report
Gypsy Moth Methods Development Laboratory Animal and Plant Health Inspection SrvicE
United States Department of Agriculture Otis Air Force Base
Itassachusetts 02S42
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Charles P Schwalbe Laboratory ~~~perviGor
Arthur P orri s F- t gtl~ 1ogi ~~ t j~~_ ~~_~_J_ tur- s t g- ~ ui Iur i s t
2~e~~ist
~~ (gt~2gist
Supervi ~lJ iolci--lt_L ~eclL1ic~an
Bi()logic~~l ~~eclni~ian
Joseph G R Tardif Biologic8 Technician John A Tanner Jntomologist Curtis R Stacy Bioloeical Technician Rebecca Upton Clerk-Stenographer Joyce A Finney Biological Aid Jesse J Baker Biological Aid Michele G Brown Clerk-Typi s t Robert N Wassell I1aintenance Worker
Agricultural Research Service
Robert A Bell Research Leader Charles D Owens Hesearch Agri (middot11 tur-aI ~ngi neer Martin Shapiro Research Entomologist
- -~
shyFIELD
INSECTICIDE
L Herbaugh AgTiculturist
c Stacy Biological Technician
-I I r ~
LABORArORY CHEMISTRY EQOTPMENT REARING REARING INSECTICIDE ~THODS OPERATIONS
W McLane R Reeves J Tardif O Forrester L Kennedy Biological Chemist Biological Entomologist Supervisory Technician Ie chni c i an Biological
Technician J Finney
BioLogi caI J Ianner J Baker Technician Entomologist Biological Aid
- shy- - - - - bull - - shy
t I I -------~I------ ----- PESTICIDE PHEROMONE ECOLOGY REARING SEcrION SECTION SECTION SECTION
R Reeves E C Paszek A P Morris O T Forrester Chemist Agricul turist Entomologist Entomologist
C P Schwalbe Laboratory Supervisor
R Upton Maintenance Worker
R Wassell Clerk-Steno
M Brown Clerk-Typist
Project Number
GM 611
GM 612
GM 61]
GM 614
GN 615
GM 616
I I- I
II II II bull bull bullbullbull PESTICIDE rESTING SICrplON
Project Title
Laboratory Screening of Candidate Pc I i ( i dr
Against the Gypsy Moth
1976 Field Studies of Different Formul a t i o r i
of Dimilin and Sevin-4-0il
Field Testing of Ground Applied Insecticiclen
Evaluation of Pesticides for Browntail Moth
Regulatory Treatments (Laboratory - Field)
Field Testing of Juvenile Hormone Analogs for Ovicidal Activity
- bull Hrport Type
Interim
J nterim
Interim
Irrto r i m
TrltcTim
I r to r i rn
Page
6
14
20
2]
24
26
bullbullbullbull bull bullbull
I NI
Project Number
GM 622
GM 623
GM 626
Gr1627
GM 628
GM 629
GM 6210
PIlliROMONE BEHAVIOR AND ECOLOGY SECTION
Project Title Report rrypc ~
Responses of Male Gypsy Moths to Traps as Affected by the Rate of Pheromone Release
Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths
Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives
Greerillouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations
Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Fonnulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage
Analytical and Bioassay Tests of Glass Slides Coated with Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Methyl Octadecane) Formulations and Aged in a Greenhouse
Interim
Interim
Final
Final
Interim
Final
Final
)H
30
31
34
36
41
43
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull PHYSIOLOGY AND MASS REAHING ~~Icrl1 ON
Project Number Project Title Hcp()rt~~ ~_L
GM 6]1 Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Precooling Storage Techniques Interim JII
GM 6]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period Final 45
GM 6]] The Hatch Rate of L dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg Interim 49
GN 6 ]4 Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Interim 50
G11 6]5 Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation and Development of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techshy
I VJ niques for Rearing and Handling Larval Gypsy Moths Interim 54
I
GI1 6]6 Establishment of Standards for Monitorir~ Performance and Quality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths Preliminary 62
Gl16]7 Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and Development of Effective Sanitation Procedures Preliminary 63
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull -------j~pound~Ill)(r Erojer t rri tJ~ 1~~middotmiddot __ ~ll
GlVl 638 Development of Methods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated lith Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Hath Pr-e l irninary () i
GM 639 Insect Production and Distribution Interim ( r
I j I
III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullI
APPENDIX
Title Page
Appendix 1 Repellents of Late Instar Gypsy Moth Larvae 66
-5shy
II
bullbull
Project Number GM 611 Project Title Laboratory Screening of Candidate Pesticides
Against the Gypsy Moth bull Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
bullbull The main objective of this laboratory screening project is to collect
mortality data on registered and experimental compounds potentially useshyful against the gypsy moth evaluating the data and selecting suitable materials for field testing
The following materials were tested against gypsy moth larvae using the
bulloak seedling test technique
bull
Material Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Mortality
bullABG-6070 Abbott 025 Ib8ozA II 100
012 Ib4ozA II 99 006 Ib2ozA II 97
bulloOJ IblozA II 81
001 Ib gA II 66 Check II 1
bull (05 parts
piperonyl butoxide to 1 part ABG-6070) 02 Ib10ozA II 100
01 Ib 5ozA II 99
bull 005 Ib25ozA II 94 00251bl25ozA II 64 0012 Ib62ozA II 52
Check II 0
bullbull (1 part pipershy
anyl butoxide to 1 part ABG-6070) 02 Ib16ozA II 99
bull01 Ib8ozA II 100
tl 005 Ib4ozA II 97 002 Ib2ozA II 96
001 IblozA II 83 Check II a
bull(2 parts pipershy
bullanyl butoxide to 1 part ABG-6070) 02 Ib24ozA II 100
01 Ib12ozA r 100 005 Ib 6ozA II 99
TT 0025 Ib 3ozA ---L 89 It TT
bullLL0012 Ibl5ozA 65
Check II 1
bull
Days After
Treatment
6 6 6 6 6 6
4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4
-6shy
aer al Company Dosage Tnstar Weather
ABG-J7Q Abbott (L parts piperony1 juoxde to 1 part ASG-6J7D) 02 lb320zA II 100
01 1b160zA II 100 005 1b 80zA II 97 0025 Ib 4ozA II 90
0012 1b 20zA II 86 -r--Check L o
(6 parts pishyperony1 butoxide to 1 Dart ABG-6070) 02 1b640zA II 99
01 Ib320zA II 95 005 Ib16ozA II 94 L 0025 1b 8ozA II 51 L
002 Ib 40ZA II 48 4III
Check II o 4
bullbull (Piperonyl
butoxide only) 10 lbgalA II 5 5 05 lbgalA II 3 5
025 lbga1A II o 5 012 lbga1A II 7 5 006 1bgalA II o r
bull
Check II o 5
bullDecis Procida 0013 IbgalA 11 97 L
00065 IbgalA II 98 LI
1)0032 IbgalA II 89 I
bull
00016 IbgalA II 90 000082 ItgalA II 51 L
Check o L
Decis It 0013 lbgalA II 1 85 L
II 2 78 )
bull II II J 83
I II II
bull
II 1 (J6 Newfilm)
II II 1 (J6 Chevron
bullII
1 Sticker) 4 II 1
(Jo Pinolene Sticker) 4
-7shy
--- -
---
_=shy - -- - --
~Iaterial Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Mortal i -- - ~-= -- = -=- -shy
0ecis Procida 00065 ngalA II 1 65 II 2 66
J II 3 58 fI II 1
(Yo Nu-film 17) 7S L TT 1i--l
(Jlo Chevron Sticker) 41
1 II 1 (50 Pinocene
Sticker) 53 4 00032 lbgalA II 1 59 4
H II 2 56 3 II 3 35 4
00016 IbgalA II 1 34 4 II 2 27 3
H H H II 3 23 4 H H 00008 IbgalA II IH 22 4
H II 2 24 3 II 3H 21 L
Checks a 4 = 0013 lbgalA II (2 hr artificial 1JV light) 100 7
7 ~ 0006) Iblial A II 87 I
bull H
00032 OtciJ i II 28 7
bull H
iI 00016 2- t-gallA I 3L~ 7
I 00008 IbgalA II 20 7 Check 0 7
00013 lbgalA II (4 hr artificial UV light) 90 4
00065 lbgalA II 60 4 00032 IbgalA II 12 4
bullbull H
H
00016 lbgalA II 9 4 00008 IbgalA II 4 4
Check 0 4 OOlJ lbgalA II (2 hr natural
sunlight) 99 6
bull H 00065 l1)galA II 97 6
Ii T~00032 ~bgaA 86 6
bull
H 00016 IbgalA II 67 6 I OOOOEl ItgalA II 35 IJ
Check 0 6 0013 IbgalA IT (4 hr naturalj
sunlight) 66 2 00065 IbgalA TT 32 2_LJ
bull j l irJ i t
00032 ))a-I raquo - 40 2 00016 IbgalA II 29 2
bull
t t OOG08 Ibfla A II H 17 2 Check 0 2
bull -8shy
I
-
-- - ~
2crial Company Dosage l8r-C ~ - --- --_ --shyInstar Weather Agirg - - - -- -- shy
l~FMC 30980 FMC 0062 lbgalA II r -
J~ shy~ O0312 IbgalA II -~ shy~
0015 IbgalA II 58 shy
0007 1bgalA II 16 5 0003 lbga1A II 7 5
Check a 5 0025 lb gaL A II 1 61 7 0012 lbgalA II 1 70 7 0062 1-1_u ga II 1 15 7
bull IIA
0003 ItgalA II 1 5 7 0001 1bgalA TT 1 ij I~1
7
bull
Check II 1 7
middotT 35171 FMC 02 ItgalA II 100 3 01 lbgalA II 100
bull J
005 lbgalA II 100 3
bull 0025 1bgalA II 99 3
0012 1tgalA II 99 3 0006 IbgalA II 99 4 II Tshy
10003 IbgalA 100 L~ 0001 1bgalA II 100
bull 4shy 00007 lbgalA II 97 4
Check 1 4 002 lbga1A II 1 100 5
001 Lb~ Igal- li II 1 100 5I
bull I 0006 IbgalA II 1 100 5
0003 lbg-alA II 1 96 5 0001 lbgalA 1 1 1 90 5
r-
bull TTCheck LL 0
bull - -
~3497 FMC 02 ngalA II 98 4 01 lbgalA II 95 4 005 lbgalA II 87 4 002 IbgalA II 75 L 001 lbgalA II 51 4
bull Check II a 4
002 ngalA II 1 17 6 001 1bga1A II 1 15 6
bull
0006 lbgalA II 1 10 6 0003 ItgalA II 1 7 6 I
n j VUJ
r~ IbgalA II 1 6
bull ~
Check J 6
-_ G li]1C 021 IbgalA II 100 P ~- A 3
010 oIE L II 100 1rl
0052 IbgalA n 100 1
I 0026 IbgalA II 100 1
it 0013 IbgalA II 81 3 0006 1 A 1 I gal II 92 4
TT 4 0003 IbgalA 67L~
11 00016 111 A J fla1 II 29 4 T- 4Check 0J
-9shy
Day
bullbull After
Material Company Do sago Instar Weather Aging Nor tal Lty Treatment
FMC 45498 FMC OO2( middotbgalA II 1 40 5 CJ in 3 ~_ b sal A II 1 L) 5
bull T 000 1r)g-al~A JL 1 25 5
oC() lbira1A II 1 10 5 cooi Hq]lAJ 01lt- II 1 I) 5~
bull
( -le~K II i S
pp 383 leI l~O iJ~Cil A II leo 2
bull I bull A 0) LUI gcU II 100 2
~ ~ S IbgaiA l L 100 3 (1 - TT 3J ~ l-LlasalA 100
bull
A1n gal) II 1
1 1 ] II
I 006 - 90 1 I C03 lgtjga ii 93 6
TT r1 J 001 lbgc11 69 v
OG07 tSr l 1I 49 61ha II
bull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Il 11 9 C~(J) ~J f I-~ ( I J l II 33 6_Ishy
I I P r
~)~DO_ 1-) -al~J I 1 J1 16 5 II TTGlICOO9 b ~S8Jt -t 7 5
j L I p 1 J A (~ w ()C)oLi L U Kctl n IT 1 5 i~t ~(ck 11 0 5
RE-218 RahID - )Haas O lt)c Lgal- II 1 86 J
q (j it(1 I h i t~ 1 A -
-- ~ Clti)L i J II 1 96 3 ll II 1 96 3
~T
o j-1A 1 bullbull 1 64 3
11 1 28 3 -J1C k 0 3
2umithion S tauflaquo n (feY -- lbgalA II 100 Lt
OilS 1b gEtl 1 II (+15 Atlox) 100 Lt p u ) 1b r 1 II (+15 Sorpol) 100 gaL 11- 3
r ] 1-- 13 A ) 5 --I II 1 48 3 11 ~ 05 ugal L Jr 1 ( +15 Atlox) 26 3
o c 1b 13 I A- rr 1 (+15 Sorpo1) 17 1T I raquo ~ 1) 1- 3
o ~ S~ b6d L d II 1 (+ Y6 Rhop1ex Sticker) 100 4
n v- l-bgatA II 2 (+Jib Rhoplex Sticker) CG L
J bull ~
r~ r- bull J 1) gelmiddot i1li L1 3 (+10 Rhonlex Sti~ker) 100 5
o J- ~CJ LA II 1 (+15 Atlox + Y6 Rhoplex
Sticker) reoj)
c o itgalA II 2 (+15 Atlox + 16 Rhoplex
Stickel) 64 4 J tf
lu-r II (+15 Atlox +J r
1A Rhop1ex
Sticker) 81 5
-10shy
bullbullbullbull
~~-P~
81 -~ shyMaterial Company Dosage Instal Weather Aging Mortal qy Irsa =e-
Sumithion Stauf-D ~ npounda 1 Itfer tgt -- II 1 (+15 Sarpal +
7J1 JO Rhaplex
Sticker) 99 L r A (+15 Sorpa1 +0 bull ~
i~lt) l~-oGc I ~- 1) II 2
Jo Rhon1ex Sti~ker) 99 4
~ ~T r) II
~) uI gall it 4l1 3 (1-15 Sorpol + Jo Rhoplex
Sticker) 80 5 fl bull 1 la- 1 A (JS C) t4L f 11 100 41-
I O~ ItgalA II (+15 Atlox) 100 3 - 1 TT itgt C JbgaJ ti -L (+190 Sorpal) 99 3
b egtl~- it L 1 32 3 t-1 TT - 5
ga A J 1 (+15 Atlax) 11 3 r-l
-
I~~ ~ 1-0 ~cl A II III lJ Sarpal)C-_) + ~ 13 30
I A l~l Ill J cV~ II 1 (+ 31~ Rhaplex Sticker) 95 4
TTI hcl~ i CC-- o lL 2 74 6 ( J_ =- gSL Ji 1 3 85 5 t~
~~_ i coEt Ii 1 (+ JIo Atlax + JIo Rhap1ex
Sticker) 97 ) -tshy ~ --T-t - bull l_ 2 (+ Jo Atlcx +
j( Rhoplex Sticker) 71 6
I ~ k_ 5 ( T]~ AtLox +
] lhoplex Sticker) 30
l r~ shy r ~) c~ I J~- 1 1 (+1 Sorpal + JIo Rhoplex
Sticker) 94 4 iI 1 r- g -o l A (+15 Sarpol +-~~ S _ u __ TT
bull_ )LL
JIo llhoplex sticker) 76 6
It r-11
~middot -iA U bLJ II 3 (+15 Sarpal + 3 Rhaplex
Sticker) 66 5 Checks 0 6
VEL 3883 r e1 si~ -r-vshycol _L 1 bC[i~L IA J i 99 6
H J ~~J euromiddotmiddott J A 99 6
fil If o g8 A 100 6
v 1~ - L gLllA ~l 89 o TT L
~ ( J6 (cilA 85 6
L ~E- 1 IA II 77 6 H -j 1-- ~-- ~ -= ~~ 156 _~ _ tdL H II 65 6 I ~ ~ C073 ~L (pound7)1 1~ 1L 26 6 If j ~ r)() )0 1 t A Li 10 6_1
CL~z L 0 6
-11shy
J)----Cl c
~+~---IJ_ ~__
Via terial Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Nortality TrGlt-e
VEL 3883 Velsi shy-1 col 10 lbga1A II -- )
05 1bga1A II 1 ~
II t--~025 1bgalA II 1 2 -012 1bga1A II 1 2 5
006 1bga1A II 1 0 c -Check II 0 )
irk continued with the new SevinID-4-oil formulation The viscos i ty o f ( formulations was tested
bullbullbullbullbull -12shy
The Tri toamp X-190 and Sevint-lt-cil formulation was field tested at
LO Ibs a i qt fA bull 0 uraquo Ell bull I qt I
025 lbs ai qt A
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbull-13shy
This formulation vlaS compar-ed tc SeviIi0-4-oil and kerosene at
10 Ibs ai40ozA0 Ibs aiatA
We are happy to rfport that Orthene-E 75S and Djm51iamp 25 Wp ve rc registered by the Uni ted States Environmental Protection Acncy for gJpsy moth use
Orthene 7SS
By a i r - 23 to 1 1L a i 2 qt H20A
hBy air - 003 to )06 lb a~ I i or 2 galA
The Ot_s laborltory and field rews played a grect part in the success of both mat8ria~81lt
__ltl- IjJSixteen gall ons ly)rthern red oak Jcmiddot-r118 were colI f~ted and stored in
cold storage
A totaI It --~ ~fL)13(ti(~i_l 88-~p~~~~s IT~jl1~ ~eCf~velt ~-()l ~~_8J)Clrato~rr and field tejts
Much of t ru s YCPO]tD peTioieJ STJmiddot~middott work i nr jYJ che field on experimental insecticide plats
A sui +able land-fill for the disposed cd emp ty onc~e( t ic ide containers was Loca t ed in Plainvi Ll Le ]Viaco lhis is about 6C i Les from Otis and is reshycommended by the Boston off i ce of Uni tec f372tes Environmental Protection Agency
Host Laboratory equipment-Ims packed ready for moving into the new building
I~etings
JIr HcLane gave talk 01 th Eftgt eetment made in 1(316 and demonstrated
ec davs in Hyat t svilLe H]) work i ng on apshy
bull
bull
bull
bullbull
bull
bull
bull bull
bull
bull
bullbullbull
Project Number GN 612 Project Title 1976 Field Studhs of Differen~ E()rmulations of
IrlnuLin and Sevin-)-1--0il Report Period April 1 1976 September 30 1976 Report lype P t T TO lecmiddot LJeaGers
Interim Larrry L Herbaugh w H l1cLane C H Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Each year f or the past 3 generation3 the gypsy moth Lymantri8 dispar (L) bas defci Latori thouaands of ac re s of forested Land in t he northeast Because of tht s investigations bTe corrt inual l y be i ng carried out to evaluate new materies and new fITfillations of current registpred ~ateria18
IVlaterlaJs and Methods In 1970 the following rnat0rial~ and fo rmula tions were tested for gypsy moth con t r o l DimiLin op Dilli1in 3middot~ Gil keroser18 Dimilj~rl j middot3 oil + TlitolJ X-190 + water Se~Tin-J-(Jil + kerosene arid Se-rJin-Lt-oil t- TLampt ton xmiddot~ l~)() + JcLtE-r Each ell the maLer-La~_S va s aerially applied to 50 acre plots Hi 3 replicates for ov aLua t i on Table I gives the details on chemical concentration and application rate
IabLs I Details of 19c6 formula t i (lUS field tested
-------------__------------Cllemical Concent ra t ion
and I1a tcrial APl21 Leat_ign Ra te- __ __ _Eerm~middotdlts ___ _
9DVcd a t less than 7) iage expansion
L~_l I in and wateY--ltL
GO scicker added
DimiLin 3 j oil ( 1 1b c 1 AU bull jJ - ct1 oct fl Keroaerie+ KerOS(~rle
I)rrlilirl 3 3 ~)il
-+- Tr5_tor )-19D1- r 3 lb ai gaJI~
water
Se-r]] fl-4-0il + ) SJ Cl IA ~6 middotJZ K81~GSe~ne
Kero serle 10 lb J_~ o~A 8 07 ~Kt-~-cosene
bull ~)~ vin -J i-Cil i -~
bull Se ~i ~L( Lt- 0 i 1
bull11 r X-190
wa teT
bull
bull
Plot Establishrnent TLe test plots were established Ln an area adjacent to the 1975 study area in Clinton COill1ty Peru1sylvania This area met the following requirements (l) a building population in whi ch there had been no Bore than 1 years noticeable defoliation prior to the test year (2) a readily measureabJe population of egg masses and (3) a predominance of preferred host trees (oaks)
Each So acre square plot was laid out by establishing an accessible base corner and plotting boundary lines along compass headings Harkers were placed at 811 four corners for aircraft guidance Within each 50 acre plot 5 s~bplots (01 acre) or sampling units were randomly established These subplots were representative of the entire plot and served as samplshying points throughout the experiment Sampling points were similarly e s tab l i shec in untreated check areas to measure natural ccndi tions
Application The application schedule was de s i gned so that material was to be applied when the majority of the larvae were in the late second inshystar stage and the oak foliage was 50-75 expanded One exception to this was the early treatment of Ililllilin that was applied at early 1st instar when oak foliage was less than ~~ expanded
NatErials were mixed and transferred into the aircraft with conventional equipment (mixing tank pumps hoses measuring devices and necessary safety equipment) All niXing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between each treatment to avoid adulteration Radio communications were maintained be tween the ground conditions of wind velocity and materials dispersement
All plots W8T8 treated wi th a Ces~ma Ag Truck al rcraff e quippe d wi th a hydraulic 3rven 2wpellr pump arid 2 converrt i onai STJT3y system (see Table II) The airplane disperse- the craterial lliS fxd- 3wa-ths at ])1 mph as near to tree top level as po ss Lb l e wi th 5 fTcurcl -ird velocity of less than 5 mph
-15shy
bull 1
bullbull bullbullbullbullbull
------- ------gt-_-------------- shy
I1aterial Noz zl e s Orifice
Di miLi n 2 middotIP 006 It d t falA (eal12l) D8-L5 Q
006 10 2j lsd11A DP-middothS Dd-L[r C006 Ib aigallA
J)imillc J 3 (~1 +
Kerosene 003 it Dlqt 80C2FF
Dimilin 1 ~ 0j J
Tli ton X-I + water
8002FF
05 lb aiqt C~~ 2f ~1
iraquo 1b 3iL_ ozA
o 5 ib middot--1 L
10 Lb 8iL-O D002FF
-Evalll~_tior~ ~~~~)~-h ~--Tn~ZIJ8n t J(~~~ emiddot~Ll1at(-a r~(l1Tl the s tandpo trrt of fo lLage protec t i or -ti16 TC [)J-L t -1 crj T~dJ lt middott~ t
tClt)[[l li~LlfiJ 0stJIuates of t~e deg-ree of I rLo t s a t the termination of larval
) f-L CL[ ~ ~ C~-j Lnl rL~~
CC)Lj]gtajng f~_vJ -- ru t C 3 ~ T j 11~
arI~ pl o C5 b~i prl i ~cd p- I Spmiddotrciy JJ -~~LLtl the ex ~ept~---~~ TLrrli~lL ) ~1 all
7shy k( I~C Smiddot- rlE~ _gti~ ~~ - t -) X-19 1 ) -I 12-(middotmiddot-shy ~L~~- ~)l~j_l-in WF
gtrhi c h ~[c -~1 (~ n( -t~ ~I()X ina te ~Y r~ Ii ~~V 1 tf-~r trea tmsnt
(middot~middotf-_lmiddotmiddotl
)JJ
bullbull
ConoIus ion i PT~~i i nunarv data S11~)W tha t all formuLa r ions o r rljiti~l 8JG
Sevin-L-oLl + kcrosble rave (~xce~_ ent results in larval reductJon FrLlbullegg mass vcount L ~ hi macJe +0 Cetenline i this conoi tion continues to hold true
bull One nitial -()nI~ 1~~-)_~2- th_L~ 3~hOv1=~ oxceLlent po ten LLaI is the fact tIlat DimiLi rs - c P JbfcYi appl ie_l at H20 f viJ E le S8 than S oak f()l~_~tge ~-~(lDsicr~ gave g~o)d f- LJ~~(- p-otmiddotciinl and r-uced l arval actishy
bull v ty rl1~aj1~-~1tly ltbullbull T=~ LY 10 )C
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- II II II -shyAfl~U1GE COUNT
10 +shy 0 cc o o o o
~ ~- coe DinuLln 25 wP (early) 06 IbgallA
~~ Dimilin 25 vIP (normal) 06 Ib2 qtA
fojf-
~ I-j CD
~~-~~X~~~~-~~~-~~~~bull
Sevin-4-oil - Kerosene 1 Ib40 ozA
Dirnilln 33 oil - TXl90shy ~CJter 03 IbqtA
Dimilin 33 oil - Kerosene 03 IbqtA
l1 1 CD I
(fJ
0 f-j
~
~ ~ ~
10 1--3 CD r p g c+ CD
f-J p1
~ ~
~~
~~
~~~
lmiddotmiddot 1 IXlt)0 ir t ~ hI + rJeJln-+-OT - - Wo el bullJ UfIi
D middot J tro 06 Ib ~ Ianui rn ~ vvr- gaL li
Sevin I J K~Yr c-nIle lt Ibq+ r0t l-+-j _~L - u gtJ bull 1 - _J bull vi l
~d
o to c+ bullto
d - ~
I
m c+ I-jf-J
~ o o
~ (fJ
~~ Sevin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water 1 Ib) OZA
~~~ Sevirl--4-oil - Txl90 - Water 25 IbqtA
I -- (X)
I
~)t)~ E Untreated Ch8Cks
-bullbull Ptlo~SNI tuLIIGF f3fiE-1IlN
tV Jgt 0shy co o o o o o o
061bgalA D-lmilin 25 WP (early)
I - I Iebull uO J-o I~ erG i1 JimHin 25 wP (normal) I-rj
j-J
o~ f-J (1)
Sevin-4-oil - Kero sene I--~ Ib40 ozA I-rj ll 0 UJ I-
~h 0 lbmiddot(jmiddott gt - 11 DirJlin 33 oil - TXl90 - Water I-- p1 CD UJ CD UJ
rI-~ Diu-Uin 33 oiI - Ke ro ~ene 00Obull 3 1(1 qt 1-
sect co
f-- c+ OJ-J ampl 0
~evin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water bull l51bqtA
lJ f-J CD
DiJ1lilin 25 l-lP I06 IbgalA to
1j f-J Pl
lti
51bqtA _ Sevin-L~-oil - Kero sene pD H o I-- j-J
-o
p c+~ Ib40 OZA _ Sevin-L-oil - TXl90 - Water f-J
~
25 IbqtA Selin-4-oil - TX1-90 - ltIater
Untreated Checks I
f- -0
I
I I II II III I
II II II II
-
Project Number GM 613 Project Title Field Testing of Ground Applied Insecticides Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Larry L Herbaugh W H McLane C R Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Experimental use permits were received from EPA in early June 1976 for testing Orthene 75S Imidanreg 50 Wp Sevi~) 80S In addishytion to the above Sevin-4-oil with water and NTN 9306 were tested
One-acre plots were established in the Bald Eagle State Forest lands in Centre and Clinton Counties Pennsylvania These plots contained a measureshyable population of gypsy moth eggs and were located in heavily wooded areas representative of campground situations
These plots were established so that they were ca 200 feet square with a small dirt road dividing them Within each one-acre plot two subplots or sampling units were established Each of these illlits comprised 140 of an acre and was placed on each side of the road These 140 acre sampling units were used for all evaluations throughout the program
Application Only a small quantity of materials were needed for application Because of this materials were mixed on site using conventior~l mixing equipment and a nurse tank for a water supply All mixing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between treatments to avoid any adultershya tion
The materials were applied with a John Bean Mist Blower mounted on a 1-12 ton 4-wheel drive truck at the following rates
25 Ib a ir gal H20A
50 lb ai5 gal H20A Orthene 75S 10 It ai5 gal H20A Imidan So Wp 15 Ib ailS gal H20A and Sevin 80S 20 Ib ailS gal H2OA
3S Ib ai5 gal H2OA
Each of these dosages was replicated 3 times for each material
125 Ib ailS gal H20ANTN 9J06 50 Ib ai5 gal H20A
Sevin-4-oil and 20 Ib ailS gal H20A T X-190 + water 35 Ib ailS gal H20A
Evaluation Each treatment was evaluated from the standpoint of percent foliage protection larvae reduction using a 15 foot string count and egg massesacre reduction Tht latter data is not yet available at this vrriting
Foliage protection and larvae reduction are shown in the following table
-20shy
II - II - II II II II II II II - - II II -- shy -Foliage Average Larval String Counts
Material Dosage Protection Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment l 25 Ib ai5 gallA L~9 5 20 46 50 Ib ai5 gallA 667 25 22
10 lb ai5 gallA 854 30 20Imidan 50 wp 15 lb ai5 gallA 580 18 33
20 Ib ai5 gallA 565 2S 16 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 420 33 14
Check - 3middotS 19 8
1O25 Ib ai5 gallA -LL bull 5 26 5 So Ib ailS gallA 620 22 2
10 Ib ailS gallA 43middotS 23 2Sevin 80S 15 Ib ailS gallA 55S 22 1
20 Ib ailS gallA 827 26 1 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 894 2S S
Check - So 42 40
2S Ib ai5 gallA 800 29 6
50 lb ailS gallA 911-1 25 3 10 Ib ailS gallA SlLtO 26 2
NI Orthene 7SS ~J
15 Ib ailS gallA 9)-1-0 29 0 I 20 Ib ailS gallA 940 22 0
35 Ib ai5 gallA 940 19 0 Check - 7S 48 Sl
Sevin-4-oil + 20 1b ailS gallA 770 39 6 T X-190 + H2O 35 Ib ai5 gallA 870 3S 9
12S Ib ailS gallA 750 15 1NTH 9306 5 Ib ailS gallA 730 IS 2
oCheck - 20 10j
l Post-treatment readings based on 5th day after treatment
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Conclusion Initial results show that Imidan~ 50 Wp gave ca 5~o folia~~ protection and ca 16 larval reduction at the 3 higher dosages
SevillE 80S gave ca 76 foliage protection and ca 99 reduction in larval activity at the 3 higher dosages
Orthenereg 758 gave ca 94 foliage protection and ca 100 larval control at the 3 higher dosages
In comparison the two new formulations of Sevin-4-oil and T X-190 and H20 and NTN 9306 gave ca 8~o and 74 foliage protection respectively and ca 78 and 87 reduction in larval activity respectively
Data in the following table indicate that Orthene0) 758 and Sevi~ 80S will give the greatest degree of foliage protection as well as reducing larval activity on a 15 foot string count
-22shy
bullbull I)
I)
I)
I)
bullbullbullbullbull II II I)
II I)
II I)
Project Number GM 614 Proj8ct Title Evaluation of Pesticides for Browntail Moth Report Period April 1 1976 - September 31 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
The primary objective of this p~oject is to screen candidate materials against the browntail moth
Orthene reg was the only material tested against brown tail larvae
Dosage Instar 110rtali ty Days
After Treatment
1 IbaigalA II 92 2 05 IbaigalA II 100 2 025 IbaigalA II 96 2 012 IbaigalA II 90 2 006lbaigalA II 98 2 Check II loS 2
Mr McLane Mr Stockbridge Mr Stelle Mr Mosley and Mr Cartier met with Cape Cod National Seashore personnel to discuss future broNQtail work on the Cape A 5 year program was proposed as a result of the meeting and phone conversations vi th the Department of Interior and APHIS personnel
1976 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil ground plots with Sevin 80S
1977 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil Pyrethrin and Dimilin
1978 Select the most promising from the ones experimentally tested in 1976 and 1977 treat the entire infestation on Cape Cod using aircraft backpacks and mistblowers
1979 Clean up any infestation left
1980 Clean up any infestation left
However after a meeting wi th the Seashore Advisory Committee park super-shyintendent Hadley made a decision that no spraying should be done Q~til
the committee was informed of our plans and their approval was obtained To date this meeting has not come about
Meetings
Area I Managerial Meeting Hartford Corill Mr McLane gave a talk on the proposed 5 year broivntai1 moth program for Cape Cod Mass
Mr McLane met with Mr J KilIan Chief Environmentalist for the Cape Cod National Seashore to discuss the brovrrtaiL problem at the Seashore
-23shy
bullbullbullbull II II
bull II II II II
bullbullbullbullbull
Project Number (~riI 6l5 Project Title Regulatory Treatments (Laboratory - Field) Report Period AfrE 1 1976 - September W 1976 Report TJpe Irl tertIa Project Leaders Winfred H McLane L Ii Herbaugh J A Einney
The lack of effective treatment methods fer recreational vehicles and mobile homes is a major dficipncy Ll the APHIS Gypsy Hath regulatory program Slt1xpcIimentcl laboratory and field tests are conducted to develop improved techniques for cP2ling iii tt thi s and other r811atory problems
On December 191175 a residue test I2S s tartlaquo Nt) 7 irs(~ctiGiles Tvo hundr-ed tar paper squares (6 x 6) each were treated with insectjcide using amp c 5 It aita1 soLut i on SevfTI insecticideswere tested with 1 set of tar paper used fUJ a check The papers were treated to the point of runshyoff Half of t he paper-s were aged oucdoor-s tacked under (4 x 8) sheets of masonite haI f were hs Ld inside the laboratory Norie were exposed to sunlight
Ten newly h~tchd sectYl)sy noth larvae were exposed to tar paper sheets at 10 day Lnte rval a iC)r the f i r s t lCO days of aging fo Llowing treatment This was achieve by pLacing +he paper in a cyl inrrricaL cardboard container wi th artificial di et lt J10rta1 ity readings were( made after 24 hours and L8 hours
Mortality Hr- JJarvae Exposed After Naterial Aged
Material ~___ to IvIaterial U)() Days 200 Das 260 Lays
DDT 50 vp Insil1Ff lGO 100 32 inside ~CJO 100 100
0Outside 100 jlt 20 UlI1sideuro- 100 100 100
Resmethrin Inside 24 28 (EC) Inside )-8 oP R4 I ~)
IJutfLfle 24 28 48 7)-
SBP-l Sl) 2L R(8C) Ll~middot
OJ 9C -I iOe
96
10 1f)C
bullbull II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
bullbull
I10rtality Hr La~Jae Exposed After Ha terial
laterial Aged to r1aterial 100 Days 200 Days 26C Daye
Phoxin Inside 24 100 98 100 (EC) IIlside 48 100 100 100
Outs i de 24 100 100 100 Outside La 100 100 100
Pyrenone Inside 2L+ 34 46 2 (EC) insLde 48 60 72 46
cdOutside --I~ 38 16 a Outside I+8 61~ +2 28
I1onitor Inside ~I lUO )eLf 78 (L
G~)(EC) 118 1)0 100 Outsids 2Li 66 46
ooOutside LiS i(JO z jLi
) I Check Inside - -t 5~middot 26 0 - j
Insid~ hB ~L gt+ 6 l)uttir~c 4 20 2 Cllt3ide- ~t~~ t ~ 1+0 6
Based on Laboratrrv rfsul tc lJresented in the IJst report a field test was started August 3 196 with Iop Job pine scent wax [ax remover Dimilin and fire ex t ingui shcr agent Ten egg masses are be ing treated each month from August 3 197C unt i I April 1 1977 Five masses are being covered wi th black building paper and S are being left exposed lhree dosages of each material are being usel along wi th a check
During April 1977 211 eggs will be col Lec ted and incubated in the labora-middot tory for hatch If hatch can hi pr2vented it may be possible to uae one or more of thlaquo materials as a treatment on tr_L18rs and RVs
To date 3 t reatments haveJeer made
On June 23 19761+ uate r i al s (Sevin (583 S8 [n-i~-il Orthene and Lrridan ) most generally used f Jr gypsy mot h control h~ sprayed -+0 the poi rrt of runshyoff on 110 acre plots us ing a back-pack mist~jL)1er Dosago s usee were same as rec()mmeIldw~ in ths APHIS recillatorJ rnanual
Every 3 day fo11ovrC9 tl(~atment rliage was c oll eo te d and Lioassaysd against 3ro instar Larvae 1fCt~middot~ 72 hour lrtality reading being mado After 9middot days treated foliag wal stiLl givirfL~_2[pound211eln mortalitx
q ~[ortality After Material L Days Ul Days lC s3[S _
Sevin 8)3
Sev-inmiddotmiddotL-Gil OrtbeEe Imidan Check 17
--
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II
bullbullbullbull
II
Project Number GM 616 Project Title Field Testing of Javenile Hormone Analogs for Ovicidal
Activity Report Period Anril 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Itterim Project Leaders Charles P Schwa2be A P Norris
The juvenile hormone analogs Al tozar lE and ZR-t19 SE have been reported as having ovicidal properties When gypsy moth 8fg nasses are deposited on recently treated surfaces hat chab iLi ty yf 8ggS is reduced ZR-619 also appears to inhibit female moths from layingjhriT full complement of eggs Compounds with these properties may be user1 fOT regulatory treatments
Boles of white and red oak trees -lere sprayed foe tho point of ruri-off with water emulsions of Altozar and ZR-619 at 8g1 Ireatsents were aged for 1 3 7 14 21 and 28 days before bioassay At tb~ end of each aging period S or more 3 day old mated female moths from f Le Ld collected pupae were imprisoned on each of S trees (total ()f 25 replicatestreatment) Ihere were 10 replicates (2 trees) for each control The female moths that deposited egg masses were recovered (generally after one day) placed in polyethylene bags and frOZet111D riI they could be dissected to determine the number of unl a i d eggs Egg masses wiI 1 be coJlscted from the treated and control surfaces during IlecembQr 1976 an~ tested for embryonation parasi tization and ha tchabiLt ty
Females from the 1 3 7 and 28 day exposure pe r i ous have been dissected and unlaid eggs counted The results are shovn by the accompanying tab Le Preliminarily it appears that with the excep ti on of the 1 day ZR-61) treatment there was no effect of treatment on the nurnbe r of eggs laid by female moths It is interesting to note that laboratoryreaTf3(J tno th s were useci for the 1 day ZR-6l9 trea tluent Dcotailed disCUSSJCiD 01 thesA data will be deferred until all ]~eSl--l ts OCl egg smbryona t i on parc~si_ t i zation and hatchability have been obtained
-26shy
-----------
middot-------_ bullbullbull _~ bullbull EGGS lJlI11AID EY FENALES EXPOSED TO TRUNKS pHEATED WITH ALTOZAR 4E lIJm ZRmiddot-619 SE
Q2Y2129ynd
Iiays Treatment
ampif_~i
Numbe-r of Used
_fre~ t Control
Females Recovered
Tle~t __CoDjl~_
Numbe-r Unlaid Eggs Total Average
1reaJ_Qonto L)~1Zs~J_-0ontro1
Al i008) ) E~
ZI -~ I~~ 19 ~I~~
I
J 36 c )
14 Ij(1
32 ~
1 f 1~Lr
13 123[3 7G34
380 1797
387 )36
271 138 ~)
A1 t ozar I
11-- S1 C] ~ --
3
3 L~O
50 16 T1-s 1shy
30 ~)8
If) 1 -Llt
1394 1519
619 - (1 I
J-~
L+65 5hJ
Lf 13 493
A1 t-IZ~lX )~r~
~~R-C ~L9 ~jE
i ~ r ~O
Igt ~ c
15 18
J- 39
11 1 I LL4
104)~ l1-rr
660 F3S5
J26 292
508 632
I ) -J
I
Al t 0 L~i C i~)
-~Ti lt(j1 r)
Altozar wE Z11-(19 SE
)Q
~
- ~)
- 1 j
LJ
25 27
3j
30
12 -
-ii
14 IS
2S ~) ~
25 2S
10 1U
11 J 2
805 sed
1059 1398
2L~6 r(0
JJSO 9
2 3)
Li24 5)9
25() 6
12~ 7 391
JfJrtttcry r~ared iEIalCs ant] m3Jl~ used aUJthers ere fr-om f iel d collected pupae
bullbull Project Number GM 622
bull Project Title Responses of ~Ble Gypsy Moths to Traps as AffecteC ~
the PeatE of Pheromone Release Report Period April I 1976 - Septe~ber 30 1976
bullbull
Report Type Errcer im Project Leaders Charles P Sch~Lb2 E C Paszek
Preliminary trapping experiments with disparlure indicated that attracti-veshyness is affected by the rJte at which the pheromone is released from the trap Large amount s of lure seemed 0 have an inhfb i torr or repellent effect ConfLrmatorv studies were planned in which multiples of Corrre Ic fibers would be used to bait standaTd delta traps in order to define the pheromone ls1ea8e rate at which maxinnna attradiveness 10 sul ted Such inshyformation would be 2xcPPdingly useful in pI(eparnf specifications for comshy
bull mercial production of progTam pheromone dispenpers Unfortunately certain difficulties vpre encYLmtered in developing a sound expemiddotrinental program and it was suggested that this work be carried out by scientists at the
bullPennsylvania Stat Uni ve r-si ty Freliminary date have been made available to us but we 8re unable to uti I izhen in this report
bullExperiments in tti- pr)j0ct aCil Cl conduc tcd in collaboration with the ARS Optically active enantiCnj2rs of cis-Jlrparhrre were generously made available by Dr NarU1n(j~ Nagoya Uruve r-s i vs Iagoya Japan The objective of the tests was to determine the attractiveness (or other biological
bull properties) of tIl optically active ~nantiomers of disparlure Similar experiments were conducted by scientists from Nlchigan State University and the New York and C~~1nectiut State Agricultural Experimerct Stations
bullbullThese tests weI c onduc tcd in a natural infestation in FaTl River State Porest ILl lraps gtJere baited wit[ cc t t on dentJ wicks to which had been applied the indicated amcunt s of ( ) and-) (-) disparlure Delta traps were used in all ttsts i)fj a 25 III grid pat tfJ~11 rh) numbe r- of malt motho captured gtl2S reeordec c regular LrrtsrvaLs
In one experim8~lt the attrac tivene ns of racemic d i apar-I ure was compared with that of (+) enarrti omar Ihe rssults of middotshi test are given in Table 1
Table I Number of moths captur-sd il trans middotcLti ted with varying amount s elf racemic and optically active Hsparlure
1 L
lCCJC
------------------__-----_ _--__------shy
II II These ltlata clearly reflect -gt0 superior attractancy of the (+) enarrt iore r
compared with that of racemic mate r i al Approximately 10 X more raoths were captured with 100 ug (+) disP8rlure than with an equal amount of racemic pheromone Unfor-tuna te Ly limited amounts of the enantiomers
II prohibited testing at dosages gTeater than 10C ug and therefore it is
II not known if greater dosages woull -Lead to repeLten t or inhibitory effects It should also be noted that the Jptically active material contained ca 66 of its an t i podo Hirhly puCified pbermiddot~Cwj~e would likely yield someshywhat different data Ih_u is the first rcpc--t of 3~ clear relationship beshytween dosage and r-e sponee wheIc n_creased ple romone concentration y-ields a corresponding increase in ruoth response
II In another test the inhLbi t ory properties ()f t1gt (-) s nant iomar- were quantified deti3rrninirlg tile at t ractivenes (~r var i cus ratios of (+) and (-) disparlure These lata a~e presented n Table I
bull Table II NWllber of riaLe mo trs captured in tIP -x1ited with various
t~r8rltiomer ra tios
bull ----- -~---_ I shy
ugtraJ ug -) per Average catch ( -I- ) -i- _----LQ_ llg ~~_ J2eL_tmiddotr~a=p _
9 jL o (I te 936 1 1 75 120
c99 _J j 3-68 63 I
bull J 00 ioo L+ 12 ~ ~I I ) 380 32
bull L159 59 ~ 08
As addi tiCmiddot] iJlCgt1EltS oi (-) middotnre tdded V_ ij CZS ccntaiuing 10 uij (+) a t tr-activene ss 22di~J jmiddotrc~8s-(~ dsmonc2at~E the Lnhib i tOIJ nature
Yn t he ( c-~ j bull_ 1 m n - v 11+ i (1 60L f th01 rllt~ - 11 ccuUCc JgO_Ll -l_~e au k bull t-_f- CO bullbull oa~ne I )0 0 v bull e
II bull ) - -- n -I- f- - ~ 1 s +--- +- bull - -- - f ( rl J l dOppOSle c_Dctl_bull )Eler hie e_ua ar tr-ac mvene so O~ + -LlSpar_Ure COU
Dot be ceteIlied ~~xt-aTJ)lation of the p]ttcCc data suggests that 9Cf~ (+) disp2rl1lle 1~Cl~_middot(J cap turv 15-~() t i mes a iafr ~ioths as TaGer-tic phero-shymane at tho 10 -cC -2vel
A rnore 6ta-iled -report i s cur-rentIy ceins- lYr-pT~P( JJ_C pub lication The manuacrLpt -middotimiddotL 1 c~ i ~11 uIsd ~ n tho nex t LacL8tcr_~ P~ IJort
Project Number GM 623 Project Title Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leader Charles P Schwalbe
There is no progress to report on this project A prototype apparatus is being assembled which will permit systematic evaluation of various collection substrates Recent papers report successful collection of airborn volatiles on Porapak Q and Molecular sieve If quantitative collection of disparlure from female moths is s11ccessful pheromone emission will be used as a standard for determining quality of insects mass reared under various conditions
I I I I I
-30shy
I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I
Project Number GM 626 Project Title Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leader Edward C Paszek
Tree Tanglefoot a natural product made from castor oil gum resins and vegetable wax was used as an adhesive for sJPSY moth traps for )6 years 1913-1969 It was replaced in 1970 with Tack Trap a synthetic plastic type adhesive (polyisobutylene) which was less costly and through field testing found to be more effective than Tree Tanglefoot in holding capshytured moths in a trap Tack Trap has gone up in price fr-om $0421b in 1970 to $130lb in 1976 A number of companies are marketing synthetic sticky compounds to protect trees from climbing insects and as bird reshypellants These compounds were compared with Tack Trap and Tree Tanglefoot to determine their effectiveness in holding ca~tured ~psy moths
8plusmn5 of the following six compounds were weighed and applied to approxishymately 286 cm2 of the interior surface area of Delta traps An aging study on 12 these open traps was conducted in the greenhouse at a tempshyerature range of 10degC to 32degC for 5) months (119-62376) A field bioassay was made on 71476 after 6 months of aging in a natural infestshyation followed by a laboratory bioassay 91676 after 8 months of aging
Table I Mean number of 6 Boths per trap after 1 hour field bioassay in heavy infestation 24 hour laboratory chamber bioassay with )00 released 6 moths
Field Laboratory
Tack Trap (new sample) 145 60 Bird Iang1efoot 120 90 Excelcide Bird Repellant 105 200 Tack Trap (old sample) t10 105 Stikem-Special Iree Tanglefoot
6S o r
14)1)
After 6 months of aging in open traps Tack Prap Bird Ianglefoot Excelshycide Bird Repellant and Stikem-Special held captur-ed native moths Tree Tanglefoot glazed over and was a poor adhesive When bioassayed Ln a laboratory chamber after 8 months oflging vri it released moths many moths entered and fLev out of the traps indcating that the adhe sive tend to dry out and stiffen after Long periods of aging
The remaining samples were stored folded flat on the shelf in a closed paper carton at room te~perature (approxi~ately 22C) B~th sets of traps were weighed after 6 weeks of aging (3176) to deterwiu8 weight loss of the adhesives due to voLat i Liza t i on of solvents
-ushy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
-32shy
bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II II II II
bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
-----
Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
- 34shy-
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
-35shy
II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
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CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
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I~~ 0 tx N U
Z ~
pound0 t
~ N ()
I~ I
+ J ~ J
a U Z
-Ro o
-J
o a ~
Z
o o 0 o- 00 ~
031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
-49shy
I I
Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
I I
-50shy
I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
I I I I I I I
Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
I I I I
I II
I I
I I
Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
I
I
I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
I
I I I I I I I
-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
I
I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
I
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
II I I I
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
-59shy
bullbullI
bullII
I
Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
-60shy
-------------------shy 111
--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
bull I I
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
I I I
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I -62shy
tests is being done can begin as soon as
I
I
Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
I I I I I
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
I
I
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I
I llEPEL-
I TIES
I
I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I
I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
-69shy
I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
- -~
shyFIELD
INSECTICIDE
L Herbaugh AgTiculturist
c Stacy Biological Technician
-I I r ~
LABORArORY CHEMISTRY EQOTPMENT REARING REARING INSECTICIDE ~THODS OPERATIONS
W McLane R Reeves J Tardif O Forrester L Kennedy Biological Chemist Biological Entomologist Supervisory Technician Ie chni c i an Biological
Technician J Finney
BioLogi caI J Ianner J Baker Technician Entomologist Biological Aid
- shy- - - - - bull - - shy
t I I -------~I------ ----- PESTICIDE PHEROMONE ECOLOGY REARING SEcrION SECTION SECTION SECTION
R Reeves E C Paszek A P Morris O T Forrester Chemist Agricul turist Entomologist Entomologist
C P Schwalbe Laboratory Supervisor
R Upton Maintenance Worker
R Wassell Clerk-Steno
M Brown Clerk-Typist
Project Number
GM 611
GM 612
GM 61]
GM 614
GN 615
GM 616
I I- I
II II II bull bull bullbullbull PESTICIDE rESTING SICrplON
Project Title
Laboratory Screening of Candidate Pc I i ( i dr
Against the Gypsy Moth
1976 Field Studies of Different Formul a t i o r i
of Dimilin and Sevin-4-0il
Field Testing of Ground Applied Insecticiclen
Evaluation of Pesticides for Browntail Moth
Regulatory Treatments (Laboratory - Field)
Field Testing of Juvenile Hormone Analogs for Ovicidal Activity
- bull Hrport Type
Interim
J nterim
Interim
Irrto r i m
TrltcTim
I r to r i rn
Page
6
14
20
2]
24
26
bullbullbullbull bull bullbull
I NI
Project Number
GM 622
GM 623
GM 626
Gr1627
GM 628
GM 629
GM 6210
PIlliROMONE BEHAVIOR AND ECOLOGY SECTION
Project Title Report rrypc ~
Responses of Male Gypsy Moths to Traps as Affected by the Rate of Pheromone Release
Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths
Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives
Greerillouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations
Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Fonnulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage
Analytical and Bioassay Tests of Glass Slides Coated with Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Methyl Octadecane) Formulations and Aged in a Greenhouse
Interim
Interim
Final
Final
Interim
Final
Final
)H
30
31
34
36
41
43
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull PHYSIOLOGY AND MASS REAHING ~~Icrl1 ON
Project Number Project Title Hcp()rt~~ ~_L
GM 6]1 Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Precooling Storage Techniques Interim JII
GM 6]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period Final 45
GM 6]] The Hatch Rate of L dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg Interim 49
GN 6 ]4 Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Interim 50
G11 6]5 Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation and Development of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techshy
I VJ niques for Rearing and Handling Larval Gypsy Moths Interim 54
I
GI1 6]6 Establishment of Standards for Monitorir~ Performance and Quality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths Preliminary 62
Gl16]7 Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and Development of Effective Sanitation Procedures Preliminary 63
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull -------j~pound~Ill)(r Erojer t rri tJ~ 1~~middotmiddot __ ~ll
GlVl 638 Development of Methods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated lith Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Hath Pr-e l irninary () i
GM 639 Insect Production and Distribution Interim ( r
I j I
III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullI
APPENDIX
Title Page
Appendix 1 Repellents of Late Instar Gypsy Moth Larvae 66
-5shy
II
bullbull
Project Number GM 611 Project Title Laboratory Screening of Candidate Pesticides
Against the Gypsy Moth bull Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
bullbull The main objective of this laboratory screening project is to collect
mortality data on registered and experimental compounds potentially useshyful against the gypsy moth evaluating the data and selecting suitable materials for field testing
The following materials were tested against gypsy moth larvae using the
bulloak seedling test technique
bull
Material Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Mortality
bullABG-6070 Abbott 025 Ib8ozA II 100
012 Ib4ozA II 99 006 Ib2ozA II 97
bulloOJ IblozA II 81
001 Ib gA II 66 Check II 1
bull (05 parts
piperonyl butoxide to 1 part ABG-6070) 02 Ib10ozA II 100
01 Ib 5ozA II 99
bull 005 Ib25ozA II 94 00251bl25ozA II 64 0012 Ib62ozA II 52
Check II 0
bullbull (1 part pipershy
anyl butoxide to 1 part ABG-6070) 02 Ib16ozA II 99
bull01 Ib8ozA II 100
tl 005 Ib4ozA II 97 002 Ib2ozA II 96
001 IblozA II 83 Check II a
bull(2 parts pipershy
bullanyl butoxide to 1 part ABG-6070) 02 Ib24ozA II 100
01 Ib12ozA r 100 005 Ib 6ozA II 99
TT 0025 Ib 3ozA ---L 89 It TT
bullLL0012 Ibl5ozA 65
Check II 1
bull
Days After
Treatment
6 6 6 6 6 6
4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4
-6shy
aer al Company Dosage Tnstar Weather
ABG-J7Q Abbott (L parts piperony1 juoxde to 1 part ASG-6J7D) 02 lb320zA II 100
01 1b160zA II 100 005 1b 80zA II 97 0025 Ib 4ozA II 90
0012 1b 20zA II 86 -r--Check L o
(6 parts pishyperony1 butoxide to 1 Dart ABG-6070) 02 1b640zA II 99
01 Ib320zA II 95 005 Ib16ozA II 94 L 0025 1b 8ozA II 51 L
002 Ib 40ZA II 48 4III
Check II o 4
bullbull (Piperonyl
butoxide only) 10 lbgalA II 5 5 05 lbgalA II 3 5
025 lbga1A II o 5 012 lbga1A II 7 5 006 1bgalA II o r
bull
Check II o 5
bullDecis Procida 0013 IbgalA 11 97 L
00065 IbgalA II 98 LI
1)0032 IbgalA II 89 I
bull
00016 IbgalA II 90 000082 ItgalA II 51 L
Check o L
Decis It 0013 lbgalA II 1 85 L
II 2 78 )
bull II II J 83
I II II
bull
II 1 (J6 Newfilm)
II II 1 (J6 Chevron
bullII
1 Sticker) 4 II 1
(Jo Pinolene Sticker) 4
-7shy
--- -
---
_=shy - -- - --
~Iaterial Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Mortal i -- - ~-= -- = -=- -shy
0ecis Procida 00065 ngalA II 1 65 II 2 66
J II 3 58 fI II 1
(Yo Nu-film 17) 7S L TT 1i--l
(Jlo Chevron Sticker) 41
1 II 1 (50 Pinocene
Sticker) 53 4 00032 lbgalA II 1 59 4
H II 2 56 3 II 3 35 4
00016 IbgalA II 1 34 4 II 2 27 3
H H H II 3 23 4 H H 00008 IbgalA II IH 22 4
H II 2 24 3 II 3H 21 L
Checks a 4 = 0013 lbgalA II (2 hr artificial 1JV light) 100 7
7 ~ 0006) Iblial A II 87 I
bull H
00032 OtciJ i II 28 7
bull H
iI 00016 2- t-gallA I 3L~ 7
I 00008 IbgalA II 20 7 Check 0 7
00013 lbgalA II (4 hr artificial UV light) 90 4
00065 lbgalA II 60 4 00032 IbgalA II 12 4
bullbull H
H
00016 lbgalA II 9 4 00008 IbgalA II 4 4
Check 0 4 OOlJ lbgalA II (2 hr natural
sunlight) 99 6
bull H 00065 l1)galA II 97 6
Ii T~00032 ~bgaA 86 6
bull
H 00016 IbgalA II 67 6 I OOOOEl ItgalA II 35 IJ
Check 0 6 0013 IbgalA IT (4 hr naturalj
sunlight) 66 2 00065 IbgalA TT 32 2_LJ
bull j l irJ i t
00032 ))a-I raquo - 40 2 00016 IbgalA II 29 2
bull
t t OOG08 Ibfla A II H 17 2 Check 0 2
bull -8shy
I
-
-- - ~
2crial Company Dosage l8r-C ~ - --- --_ --shyInstar Weather Agirg - - - -- -- shy
l~FMC 30980 FMC 0062 lbgalA II r -
J~ shy~ O0312 IbgalA II -~ shy~
0015 IbgalA II 58 shy
0007 1bgalA II 16 5 0003 lbga1A II 7 5
Check a 5 0025 lb gaL A II 1 61 7 0012 lbgalA II 1 70 7 0062 1-1_u ga II 1 15 7
bull IIA
0003 ItgalA II 1 5 7 0001 1bgalA TT 1 ij I~1
7
bull
Check II 1 7
middotT 35171 FMC 02 ItgalA II 100 3 01 lbgalA II 100
bull J
005 lbgalA II 100 3
bull 0025 1bgalA II 99 3
0012 1tgalA II 99 3 0006 IbgalA II 99 4 II Tshy
10003 IbgalA 100 L~ 0001 1bgalA II 100
bull 4shy 00007 lbgalA II 97 4
Check 1 4 002 lbga1A II 1 100 5
001 Lb~ Igal- li II 1 100 5I
bull I 0006 IbgalA II 1 100 5
0003 lbg-alA II 1 96 5 0001 lbgalA 1 1 1 90 5
r-
bull TTCheck LL 0
bull - -
~3497 FMC 02 ngalA II 98 4 01 lbgalA II 95 4 005 lbgalA II 87 4 002 IbgalA II 75 L 001 lbgalA II 51 4
bull Check II a 4
002 ngalA II 1 17 6 001 1bga1A II 1 15 6
bull
0006 lbgalA II 1 10 6 0003 ItgalA II 1 7 6 I
n j VUJ
r~ IbgalA II 1 6
bull ~
Check J 6
-_ G li]1C 021 IbgalA II 100 P ~- A 3
010 oIE L II 100 1rl
0052 IbgalA n 100 1
I 0026 IbgalA II 100 1
it 0013 IbgalA II 81 3 0006 1 A 1 I gal II 92 4
TT 4 0003 IbgalA 67L~
11 00016 111 A J fla1 II 29 4 T- 4Check 0J
-9shy
Day
bullbull After
Material Company Do sago Instar Weather Aging Nor tal Lty Treatment
FMC 45498 FMC OO2( middotbgalA II 1 40 5 CJ in 3 ~_ b sal A II 1 L) 5
bull T 000 1r)g-al~A JL 1 25 5
oC() lbira1A II 1 10 5 cooi Hq]lAJ 01lt- II 1 I) 5~
bull
( -le~K II i S
pp 383 leI l~O iJ~Cil A II leo 2
bull I bull A 0) LUI gcU II 100 2
~ ~ S IbgaiA l L 100 3 (1 - TT 3J ~ l-LlasalA 100
bull
A1n gal) II 1
1 1 ] II
I 006 - 90 1 I C03 lgtjga ii 93 6
TT r1 J 001 lbgc11 69 v
OG07 tSr l 1I 49 61ha II
bull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Il 11 9 C~(J) ~J f I-~ ( I J l II 33 6_Ishy
I I P r
~)~DO_ 1-) -al~J I 1 J1 16 5 II TTGlICOO9 b ~S8Jt -t 7 5
j L I p 1 J A (~ w ()C)oLi L U Kctl n IT 1 5 i~t ~(ck 11 0 5
RE-218 RahID - )Haas O lt)c Lgal- II 1 86 J
q (j it(1 I h i t~ 1 A -
-- ~ Clti)L i J II 1 96 3 ll II 1 96 3
~T
o j-1A 1 bullbull 1 64 3
11 1 28 3 -J1C k 0 3
2umithion S tauflaquo n (feY -- lbgalA II 100 Lt
OilS 1b gEtl 1 II (+15 Atlox) 100 Lt p u ) 1b r 1 II (+15 Sorpol) 100 gaL 11- 3
r ] 1-- 13 A ) 5 --I II 1 48 3 11 ~ 05 ugal L Jr 1 ( +15 Atlox) 26 3
o c 1b 13 I A- rr 1 (+15 Sorpo1) 17 1T I raquo ~ 1) 1- 3
o ~ S~ b6d L d II 1 (+ Y6 Rhop1ex Sticker) 100 4
n v- l-bgatA II 2 (+Jib Rhoplex Sticker) CG L
J bull ~
r~ r- bull J 1) gelmiddot i1li L1 3 (+10 Rhonlex Sti~ker) 100 5
o J- ~CJ LA II 1 (+15 Atlox + Y6 Rhoplex
Sticker) reoj)
c o itgalA II 2 (+15 Atlox + 16 Rhoplex
Stickel) 64 4 J tf
lu-r II (+15 Atlox +J r
1A Rhop1ex
Sticker) 81 5
-10shy
bullbullbullbull
~~-P~
81 -~ shyMaterial Company Dosage Instal Weather Aging Mortal qy Irsa =e-
Sumithion Stauf-D ~ npounda 1 Itfer tgt -- II 1 (+15 Sarpal +
7J1 JO Rhaplex
Sticker) 99 L r A (+15 Sorpa1 +0 bull ~
i~lt) l~-oGc I ~- 1) II 2
Jo Rhon1ex Sti~ker) 99 4
~ ~T r) II
~) uI gall it 4l1 3 (1-15 Sorpol + Jo Rhoplex
Sticker) 80 5 fl bull 1 la- 1 A (JS C) t4L f 11 100 41-
I O~ ItgalA II (+15 Atlox) 100 3 - 1 TT itgt C JbgaJ ti -L (+190 Sorpal) 99 3
b egtl~- it L 1 32 3 t-1 TT - 5
ga A J 1 (+15 Atlax) 11 3 r-l
-
I~~ ~ 1-0 ~cl A II III lJ Sarpal)C-_) + ~ 13 30
I A l~l Ill J cV~ II 1 (+ 31~ Rhaplex Sticker) 95 4
TTI hcl~ i CC-- o lL 2 74 6 ( J_ =- gSL Ji 1 3 85 5 t~
~~_ i coEt Ii 1 (+ JIo Atlax + JIo Rhap1ex
Sticker) 97 ) -tshy ~ --T-t - bull l_ 2 (+ Jo Atlcx +
j( Rhoplex Sticker) 71 6
I ~ k_ 5 ( T]~ AtLox +
] lhoplex Sticker) 30
l r~ shy r ~) c~ I J~- 1 1 (+1 Sorpal + JIo Rhoplex
Sticker) 94 4 iI 1 r- g -o l A (+15 Sarpol +-~~ S _ u __ TT
bull_ )LL
JIo llhoplex sticker) 76 6
It r-11
~middot -iA U bLJ II 3 (+15 Sarpal + 3 Rhaplex
Sticker) 66 5 Checks 0 6
VEL 3883 r e1 si~ -r-vshycol _L 1 bC[i~L IA J i 99 6
H J ~~J euromiddotmiddott J A 99 6
fil If o g8 A 100 6
v 1~ - L gLllA ~l 89 o TT L
~ ( J6 (cilA 85 6
L ~E- 1 IA II 77 6 H -j 1-- ~-- ~ -= ~~ 156 _~ _ tdL H II 65 6 I ~ ~ C073 ~L (pound7)1 1~ 1L 26 6 If j ~ r)() )0 1 t A Li 10 6_1
CL~z L 0 6
-11shy
J)----Cl c
~+~---IJ_ ~__
Via terial Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Nortality TrGlt-e
VEL 3883 Velsi shy-1 col 10 lbga1A II -- )
05 1bga1A II 1 ~
II t--~025 1bgalA II 1 2 -012 1bga1A II 1 2 5
006 1bga1A II 1 0 c -Check II 0 )
irk continued with the new SevinID-4-oil formulation The viscos i ty o f ( formulations was tested
bullbullbullbullbull -12shy
The Tri toamp X-190 and Sevint-lt-cil formulation was field tested at
LO Ibs a i qt fA bull 0 uraquo Ell bull I qt I
025 lbs ai qt A
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbull-13shy
This formulation vlaS compar-ed tc SeviIi0-4-oil and kerosene at
10 Ibs ai40ozA0 Ibs aiatA
We are happy to rfport that Orthene-E 75S and Djm51iamp 25 Wp ve rc registered by the Uni ted States Environmental Protection Acncy for gJpsy moth use
Orthene 7SS
By a i r - 23 to 1 1L a i 2 qt H20A
hBy air - 003 to )06 lb a~ I i or 2 galA
The Ot_s laborltory and field rews played a grect part in the success of both mat8ria~81lt
__ltl- IjJSixteen gall ons ly)rthern red oak Jcmiddot-r118 were colI f~ted and stored in
cold storage
A totaI It --~ ~fL)13(ti(~i_l 88-~p~~~~s IT~jl1~ ~eCf~velt ~-()l ~~_8J)Clrato~rr and field tejts
Much of t ru s YCPO]tD peTioieJ STJmiddot~middott work i nr jYJ che field on experimental insecticide plats
A sui +able land-fill for the disposed cd emp ty onc~e( t ic ide containers was Loca t ed in Plainvi Ll Le ]Viaco lhis is about 6C i Les from Otis and is reshycommended by the Boston off i ce of Uni tec f372tes Environmental Protection Agency
Host Laboratory equipment-Ims packed ready for moving into the new building
I~etings
JIr HcLane gave talk 01 th Eftgt eetment made in 1(316 and demonstrated
ec davs in Hyat t svilLe H]) work i ng on apshy
bull
bull
bull
bullbull
bull
bull
bull bull
bull
bull
bullbullbull
Project Number GN 612 Project Title 1976 Field Studhs of Differen~ E()rmulations of
IrlnuLin and Sevin-)-1--0il Report Period April 1 1976 September 30 1976 Report lype P t T TO lecmiddot LJeaGers
Interim Larrry L Herbaugh w H l1cLane C H Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Each year f or the past 3 generation3 the gypsy moth Lymantri8 dispar (L) bas defci Latori thouaands of ac re s of forested Land in t he northeast Because of tht s investigations bTe corrt inual l y be i ng carried out to evaluate new materies and new fITfillations of current registpred ~ateria18
IVlaterlaJs and Methods In 1970 the following rnat0rial~ and fo rmula tions were tested for gypsy moth con t r o l DimiLin op Dilli1in 3middot~ Gil keroser18 Dimilj~rl j middot3 oil + TlitolJ X-190 + water Se~Tin-J-(Jil + kerosene arid Se-rJin-Lt-oil t- TLampt ton xmiddot~ l~)() + JcLtE-r Each ell the maLer-La~_S va s aerially applied to 50 acre plots Hi 3 replicates for ov aLua t i on Table I gives the details on chemical concentration and application rate
IabLs I Details of 19c6 formula t i (lUS field tested
-------------__------------Cllemical Concent ra t ion
and I1a tcrial APl21 Leat_ign Ra te- __ __ _Eerm~middotdlts ___ _
9DVcd a t less than 7) iage expansion
L~_l I in and wateY--ltL
GO scicker added
DimiLin 3 j oil ( 1 1b c 1 AU bull jJ - ct1 oct fl Keroaerie+ KerOS(~rle
I)rrlilirl 3 3 ~)il
-+- Tr5_tor )-19D1- r 3 lb ai gaJI~
water
Se-r]] fl-4-0il + ) SJ Cl IA ~6 middotJZ K81~GSe~ne
Kero serle 10 lb J_~ o~A 8 07 ~Kt-~-cosene
bull ~)~ vin -J i-Cil i -~
bull Se ~i ~L( Lt- 0 i 1
bull11 r X-190
wa teT
bull
bull
Plot Establishrnent TLe test plots were established Ln an area adjacent to the 1975 study area in Clinton COill1ty Peru1sylvania This area met the following requirements (l) a building population in whi ch there had been no Bore than 1 years noticeable defoliation prior to the test year (2) a readily measureabJe population of egg masses and (3) a predominance of preferred host trees (oaks)
Each So acre square plot was laid out by establishing an accessible base corner and plotting boundary lines along compass headings Harkers were placed at 811 four corners for aircraft guidance Within each 50 acre plot 5 s~bplots (01 acre) or sampling units were randomly established These subplots were representative of the entire plot and served as samplshying points throughout the experiment Sampling points were similarly e s tab l i shec in untreated check areas to measure natural ccndi tions
Application The application schedule was de s i gned so that material was to be applied when the majority of the larvae were in the late second inshystar stage and the oak foliage was 50-75 expanded One exception to this was the early treatment of Ililllilin that was applied at early 1st instar when oak foliage was less than ~~ expanded
NatErials were mixed and transferred into the aircraft with conventional equipment (mixing tank pumps hoses measuring devices and necessary safety equipment) All niXing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between each treatment to avoid adulteration Radio communications were maintained be tween the ground conditions of wind velocity and materials dispersement
All plots W8T8 treated wi th a Ces~ma Ag Truck al rcraff e quippe d wi th a hydraulic 3rven 2wpellr pump arid 2 converrt i onai STJT3y system (see Table II) The airplane disperse- the craterial lliS fxd- 3wa-ths at ])1 mph as near to tree top level as po ss Lb l e wi th 5 fTcurcl -ird velocity of less than 5 mph
-15shy
bull 1
bullbull bullbullbullbullbull
------- ------gt-_-------------- shy
I1aterial Noz zl e s Orifice
Di miLi n 2 middotIP 006 It d t falA (eal12l) D8-L5 Q
006 10 2j lsd11A DP-middothS Dd-L[r C006 Ib aigallA
J)imillc J 3 (~1 +
Kerosene 003 it Dlqt 80C2FF
Dimilin 1 ~ 0j J
Tli ton X-I + water
8002FF
05 lb aiqt C~~ 2f ~1
iraquo 1b 3iL_ ozA
o 5 ib middot--1 L
10 Lb 8iL-O D002FF
-Evalll~_tior~ ~~~~)~-h ~--Tn~ZIJ8n t J(~~~ emiddot~Ll1at(-a r~(l1Tl the s tandpo trrt of fo lLage protec t i or -ti16 TC [)J-L t -1 crj T~dJ lt middott~ t
tClt)[[l li~LlfiJ 0stJIuates of t~e deg-ree of I rLo t s a t the termination of larval
) f-L CL[ ~ ~ C~-j Lnl rL~~
CC)Lj]gtajng f~_vJ -- ru t C 3 ~ T j 11~
arI~ pl o C5 b~i prl i ~cd p- I Spmiddotrciy JJ -~~LLtl the ex ~ept~---~~ TLrrli~lL ) ~1 all
7shy k( I~C Smiddot- rlE~ _gti~ ~~ - t -) X-19 1 ) -I 12-(middotmiddot-shy ~L~~- ~)l~j_l-in WF
gtrhi c h ~[c -~1 (~ n( -t~ ~I()X ina te ~Y r~ Ii ~~V 1 tf-~r trea tmsnt
(middot~middotf-_lmiddotmiddotl
)JJ
bullbull
ConoIus ion i PT~~i i nunarv data S11~)W tha t all formuLa r ions o r rljiti~l 8JG
Sevin-L-oLl + kcrosble rave (~xce~_ ent results in larval reductJon FrLlbullegg mass vcount L ~ hi macJe +0 Cetenline i this conoi tion continues to hold true
bull One nitial -()nI~ 1~~-)_~2- th_L~ 3~hOv1=~ oxceLlent po ten LLaI is the fact tIlat DimiLi rs - c P JbfcYi appl ie_l at H20 f viJ E le S8 than S oak f()l~_~tge ~-~(lDsicr~ gave g~o)d f- LJ~~(- p-otmiddotciinl and r-uced l arval actishy
bull v ty rl1~aj1~-~1tly ltbullbull T=~ LY 10 )C
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- II II II -shyAfl~U1GE COUNT
10 +shy 0 cc o o o o
~ ~- coe DinuLln 25 wP (early) 06 IbgallA
~~ Dimilin 25 vIP (normal) 06 Ib2 qtA
fojf-
~ I-j CD
~~-~~X~~~~-~~~-~~~~bull
Sevin-4-oil - Kerosene 1 Ib40 ozA
Dirnilln 33 oil - TXl90shy ~CJter 03 IbqtA
Dimilin 33 oil - Kerosene 03 IbqtA
l1 1 CD I
(fJ
0 f-j
~
~ ~ ~
10 1--3 CD r p g c+ CD
f-J p1
~ ~
~~
~~
~~~
lmiddotmiddot 1 IXlt)0 ir t ~ hI + rJeJln-+-OT - - Wo el bullJ UfIi
D middot J tro 06 Ib ~ Ianui rn ~ vvr- gaL li
Sevin I J K~Yr c-nIle lt Ibq+ r0t l-+-j _~L - u gtJ bull 1 - _J bull vi l
~d
o to c+ bullto
d - ~
I
m c+ I-jf-J
~ o o
~ (fJ
~~ Sevin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water 1 Ib) OZA
~~~ Sevirl--4-oil - Txl90 - Water 25 IbqtA
I -- (X)
I
~)t)~ E Untreated Ch8Cks
-bullbull Ptlo~SNI tuLIIGF f3fiE-1IlN
tV Jgt 0shy co o o o o o o
061bgalA D-lmilin 25 WP (early)
I - I Iebull uO J-o I~ erG i1 JimHin 25 wP (normal) I-rj
j-J
o~ f-J (1)
Sevin-4-oil - Kero sene I--~ Ib40 ozA I-rj ll 0 UJ I-
~h 0 lbmiddot(jmiddott gt - 11 DirJlin 33 oil - TXl90 - Water I-- p1 CD UJ CD UJ
rI-~ Diu-Uin 33 oiI - Ke ro ~ene 00Obull 3 1(1 qt 1-
sect co
f-- c+ OJ-J ampl 0
~evin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water bull l51bqtA
lJ f-J CD
DiJ1lilin 25 l-lP I06 IbgalA to
1j f-J Pl
lti
51bqtA _ Sevin-L~-oil - Kero sene pD H o I-- j-J
-o
p c+~ Ib40 OZA _ Sevin-L-oil - TXl90 - Water f-J
~
25 IbqtA Selin-4-oil - TX1-90 - ltIater
Untreated Checks I
f- -0
I
I I II II III I
II II II II
-
Project Number GM 613 Project Title Field Testing of Ground Applied Insecticides Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Larry L Herbaugh W H McLane C R Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Experimental use permits were received from EPA in early June 1976 for testing Orthene 75S Imidanreg 50 Wp Sevi~) 80S In addishytion to the above Sevin-4-oil with water and NTN 9306 were tested
One-acre plots were established in the Bald Eagle State Forest lands in Centre and Clinton Counties Pennsylvania These plots contained a measureshyable population of gypsy moth eggs and were located in heavily wooded areas representative of campground situations
These plots were established so that they were ca 200 feet square with a small dirt road dividing them Within each one-acre plot two subplots or sampling units were established Each of these illlits comprised 140 of an acre and was placed on each side of the road These 140 acre sampling units were used for all evaluations throughout the program
Application Only a small quantity of materials were needed for application Because of this materials were mixed on site using conventior~l mixing equipment and a nurse tank for a water supply All mixing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between treatments to avoid any adultershya tion
The materials were applied with a John Bean Mist Blower mounted on a 1-12 ton 4-wheel drive truck at the following rates
25 Ib a ir gal H20A
50 lb ai5 gal H20A Orthene 75S 10 It ai5 gal H20A Imidan So Wp 15 Ib ailS gal H20A and Sevin 80S 20 Ib ailS gal H2OA
3S Ib ai5 gal H2OA
Each of these dosages was replicated 3 times for each material
125 Ib ailS gal H20ANTN 9J06 50 Ib ai5 gal H20A
Sevin-4-oil and 20 Ib ailS gal H20A T X-190 + water 35 Ib ailS gal H20A
Evaluation Each treatment was evaluated from the standpoint of percent foliage protection larvae reduction using a 15 foot string count and egg massesacre reduction Tht latter data is not yet available at this vrriting
Foliage protection and larvae reduction are shown in the following table
-20shy
II - II - II II II II II II II - - II II -- shy -Foliage Average Larval String Counts
Material Dosage Protection Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment l 25 Ib ai5 gallA L~9 5 20 46 50 Ib ai5 gallA 667 25 22
10 lb ai5 gallA 854 30 20Imidan 50 wp 15 lb ai5 gallA 580 18 33
20 Ib ai5 gallA 565 2S 16 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 420 33 14
Check - 3middotS 19 8
1O25 Ib ai5 gallA -LL bull 5 26 5 So Ib ailS gallA 620 22 2
10 Ib ailS gallA 43middotS 23 2Sevin 80S 15 Ib ailS gallA 55S 22 1
20 Ib ailS gallA 827 26 1 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 894 2S S
Check - So 42 40
2S Ib ai5 gallA 800 29 6
50 lb ailS gallA 911-1 25 3 10 Ib ailS gallA SlLtO 26 2
NI Orthene 7SS ~J
15 Ib ailS gallA 9)-1-0 29 0 I 20 Ib ailS gallA 940 22 0
35 Ib ai5 gallA 940 19 0 Check - 7S 48 Sl
Sevin-4-oil + 20 1b ailS gallA 770 39 6 T X-190 + H2O 35 Ib ai5 gallA 870 3S 9
12S Ib ailS gallA 750 15 1NTH 9306 5 Ib ailS gallA 730 IS 2
oCheck - 20 10j
l Post-treatment readings based on 5th day after treatment
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Conclusion Initial results show that Imidan~ 50 Wp gave ca 5~o folia~~ protection and ca 16 larval reduction at the 3 higher dosages
SevillE 80S gave ca 76 foliage protection and ca 99 reduction in larval activity at the 3 higher dosages
Orthenereg 758 gave ca 94 foliage protection and ca 100 larval control at the 3 higher dosages
In comparison the two new formulations of Sevin-4-oil and T X-190 and H20 and NTN 9306 gave ca 8~o and 74 foliage protection respectively and ca 78 and 87 reduction in larval activity respectively
Data in the following table indicate that Orthene0) 758 and Sevi~ 80S will give the greatest degree of foliage protection as well as reducing larval activity on a 15 foot string count
-22shy
bullbull I)
I)
I)
I)
bullbullbullbullbull II II I)
II I)
II I)
Project Number GM 614 Proj8ct Title Evaluation of Pesticides for Browntail Moth Report Period April 1 1976 - September 31 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
The primary objective of this p~oject is to screen candidate materials against the browntail moth
Orthene reg was the only material tested against brown tail larvae
Dosage Instar 110rtali ty Days
After Treatment
1 IbaigalA II 92 2 05 IbaigalA II 100 2 025 IbaigalA II 96 2 012 IbaigalA II 90 2 006lbaigalA II 98 2 Check II loS 2
Mr McLane Mr Stockbridge Mr Stelle Mr Mosley and Mr Cartier met with Cape Cod National Seashore personnel to discuss future broNQtail work on the Cape A 5 year program was proposed as a result of the meeting and phone conversations vi th the Department of Interior and APHIS personnel
1976 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil ground plots with Sevin 80S
1977 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil Pyrethrin and Dimilin
1978 Select the most promising from the ones experimentally tested in 1976 and 1977 treat the entire infestation on Cape Cod using aircraft backpacks and mistblowers
1979 Clean up any infestation left
1980 Clean up any infestation left
However after a meeting wi th the Seashore Advisory Committee park super-shyintendent Hadley made a decision that no spraying should be done Q~til
the committee was informed of our plans and their approval was obtained To date this meeting has not come about
Meetings
Area I Managerial Meeting Hartford Corill Mr McLane gave a talk on the proposed 5 year broivntai1 moth program for Cape Cod Mass
Mr McLane met with Mr J KilIan Chief Environmentalist for the Cape Cod National Seashore to discuss the brovrrtaiL problem at the Seashore
-23shy
bullbullbullbull II II
bull II II II II
bullbullbullbullbull
Project Number (~riI 6l5 Project Title Regulatory Treatments (Laboratory - Field) Report Period AfrE 1 1976 - September W 1976 Report TJpe Irl tertIa Project Leaders Winfred H McLane L Ii Herbaugh J A Einney
The lack of effective treatment methods fer recreational vehicles and mobile homes is a major dficipncy Ll the APHIS Gypsy Hath regulatory program Slt1xpcIimentcl laboratory and field tests are conducted to develop improved techniques for cP2ling iii tt thi s and other r811atory problems
On December 191175 a residue test I2S s tartlaquo Nt) 7 irs(~ctiGiles Tvo hundr-ed tar paper squares (6 x 6) each were treated with insectjcide using amp c 5 It aita1 soLut i on SevfTI insecticideswere tested with 1 set of tar paper used fUJ a check The papers were treated to the point of runshyoff Half of t he paper-s were aged oucdoor-s tacked under (4 x 8) sheets of masonite haI f were hs Ld inside the laboratory Norie were exposed to sunlight
Ten newly h~tchd sectYl)sy noth larvae were exposed to tar paper sheets at 10 day Lnte rval a iC)r the f i r s t lCO days of aging fo Llowing treatment This was achieve by pLacing +he paper in a cyl inrrricaL cardboard container wi th artificial di et lt J10rta1 ity readings were( made after 24 hours and L8 hours
Mortality Hr- JJarvae Exposed After Naterial Aged
Material ~___ to IvIaterial U)() Days 200 Das 260 Lays
DDT 50 vp Insil1Ff lGO 100 32 inside ~CJO 100 100
0Outside 100 jlt 20 UlI1sideuro- 100 100 100
Resmethrin Inside 24 28 (EC) Inside )-8 oP R4 I ~)
IJutfLfle 24 28 48 7)-
SBP-l Sl) 2L R(8C) Ll~middot
OJ 9C -I iOe
96
10 1f)C
bullbull II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
bullbull
I10rtality Hr La~Jae Exposed After Ha terial
laterial Aged to r1aterial 100 Days 200 Days 26C Daye
Phoxin Inside 24 100 98 100 (EC) IIlside 48 100 100 100
Outs i de 24 100 100 100 Outside La 100 100 100
Pyrenone Inside 2L+ 34 46 2 (EC) insLde 48 60 72 46
cdOutside --I~ 38 16 a Outside I+8 61~ +2 28
I1onitor Inside ~I lUO )eLf 78 (L
G~)(EC) 118 1)0 100 Outsids 2Li 66 46
ooOutside LiS i(JO z jLi
) I Check Inside - -t 5~middot 26 0 - j
Insid~ hB ~L gt+ 6 l)uttir~c 4 20 2 Cllt3ide- ~t~~ t ~ 1+0 6
Based on Laboratrrv rfsul tc lJresented in the IJst report a field test was started August 3 196 with Iop Job pine scent wax [ax remover Dimilin and fire ex t ingui shcr agent Ten egg masses are be ing treated each month from August 3 197C unt i I April 1 1977 Five masses are being covered wi th black building paper and S are being left exposed lhree dosages of each material are being usel along wi th a check
During April 1977 211 eggs will be col Lec ted and incubated in the labora-middot tory for hatch If hatch can hi pr2vented it may be possible to uae one or more of thlaquo materials as a treatment on tr_L18rs and RVs
To date 3 t reatments haveJeer made
On June 23 19761+ uate r i al s (Sevin (583 S8 [n-i~-il Orthene and Lrridan ) most generally used f Jr gypsy mot h control h~ sprayed -+0 the poi rrt of runshyoff on 110 acre plots us ing a back-pack mist~jL)1er Dosago s usee were same as rec()mmeIldw~ in ths APHIS recillatorJ rnanual
Every 3 day fo11ovrC9 tl(~atment rliage was c oll eo te d and Lioassaysd against 3ro instar Larvae 1fCt~middot~ 72 hour lrtality reading being mado After 9middot days treated foliag wal stiLl givirfL~_2[pound211eln mortalitx
q ~[ortality After Material L Days Ul Days lC s3[S _
Sevin 8)3
Sev-inmiddotmiddotL-Gil OrtbeEe Imidan Check 17
--
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II
bullbullbullbull
II
Project Number GM 616 Project Title Field Testing of Javenile Hormone Analogs for Ovicidal
Activity Report Period Anril 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Itterim Project Leaders Charles P Schwa2be A P Norris
The juvenile hormone analogs Al tozar lE and ZR-t19 SE have been reported as having ovicidal properties When gypsy moth 8fg nasses are deposited on recently treated surfaces hat chab iLi ty yf 8ggS is reduced ZR-619 also appears to inhibit female moths from layingjhriT full complement of eggs Compounds with these properties may be user1 fOT regulatory treatments
Boles of white and red oak trees -lere sprayed foe tho point of ruri-off with water emulsions of Altozar and ZR-619 at 8g1 Ireatsents were aged for 1 3 7 14 21 and 28 days before bioassay At tb~ end of each aging period S or more 3 day old mated female moths from f Le Ld collected pupae were imprisoned on each of S trees (total ()f 25 replicatestreatment) Ihere were 10 replicates (2 trees) for each control The female moths that deposited egg masses were recovered (generally after one day) placed in polyethylene bags and frOZet111D riI they could be dissected to determine the number of unl a i d eggs Egg masses wiI 1 be coJlscted from the treated and control surfaces during IlecembQr 1976 an~ tested for embryonation parasi tization and ha tchabiLt ty
Females from the 1 3 7 and 28 day exposure pe r i ous have been dissected and unlaid eggs counted The results are shovn by the accompanying tab Le Preliminarily it appears that with the excep ti on of the 1 day ZR-61) treatment there was no effect of treatment on the nurnbe r of eggs laid by female moths It is interesting to note that laboratoryreaTf3(J tno th s were useci for the 1 day ZR-6l9 trea tluent Dcotailed disCUSSJCiD 01 thesA data will be deferred until all ]~eSl--l ts OCl egg smbryona t i on parc~si_ t i zation and hatchability have been obtained
-26shy
-----------
middot-------_ bullbullbull _~ bullbull EGGS lJlI11AID EY FENALES EXPOSED TO TRUNKS pHEATED WITH ALTOZAR 4E lIJm ZRmiddot-619 SE
Q2Y2129ynd
Iiays Treatment
ampif_~i
Numbe-r of Used
_fre~ t Control
Females Recovered
Tle~t __CoDjl~_
Numbe-r Unlaid Eggs Total Average
1reaJ_Qonto L)~1Zs~J_-0ontro1
Al i008) ) E~
ZI -~ I~~ 19 ~I~~
I
J 36 c )
14 Ij(1
32 ~
1 f 1~Lr
13 123[3 7G34
380 1797
387 )36
271 138 ~)
A1 t ozar I
11-- S1 C] ~ --
3
3 L~O
50 16 T1-s 1shy
30 ~)8
If) 1 -Llt
1394 1519
619 - (1 I
J-~
L+65 5hJ
Lf 13 493
A1 t-IZ~lX )~r~
~~R-C ~L9 ~jE
i ~ r ~O
Igt ~ c
15 18
J- 39
11 1 I LL4
104)~ l1-rr
660 F3S5
J26 292
508 632
I ) -J
I
Al t 0 L~i C i~)
-~Ti lt(j1 r)
Altozar wE Z11-(19 SE
)Q
~
- ~)
- 1 j
LJ
25 27
3j
30
12 -
-ii
14 IS
2S ~) ~
25 2S
10 1U
11 J 2
805 sed
1059 1398
2L~6 r(0
JJSO 9
2 3)
Li24 5)9
25() 6
12~ 7 391
JfJrtttcry r~ared iEIalCs ant] m3Jl~ used aUJthers ere fr-om f iel d collected pupae
bullbull Project Number GM 622
bull Project Title Responses of ~Ble Gypsy Moths to Traps as AffecteC ~
the PeatE of Pheromone Release Report Period April I 1976 - Septe~ber 30 1976
bullbull
Report Type Errcer im Project Leaders Charles P Sch~Lb2 E C Paszek
Preliminary trapping experiments with disparlure indicated that attracti-veshyness is affected by the rJte at which the pheromone is released from the trap Large amount s of lure seemed 0 have an inhfb i torr or repellent effect ConfLrmatorv studies were planned in which multiples of Corrre Ic fibers would be used to bait standaTd delta traps in order to define the pheromone ls1ea8e rate at which maxinnna attradiveness 10 sul ted Such inshyformation would be 2xcPPdingly useful in pI(eparnf specifications for comshy
bull mercial production of progTam pheromone dispenpers Unfortunately certain difficulties vpre encYLmtered in developing a sound expemiddotrinental program and it was suggested that this work be carried out by scientists at the
bullPennsylvania Stat Uni ve r-si ty Freliminary date have been made available to us but we 8re unable to uti I izhen in this report
bullExperiments in tti- pr)j0ct aCil Cl conduc tcd in collaboration with the ARS Optically active enantiCnj2rs of cis-Jlrparhrre were generously made available by Dr NarU1n(j~ Nagoya Uruve r-s i vs Iagoya Japan The objective of the tests was to determine the attractiveness (or other biological
bull properties) of tIl optically active ~nantiomers of disparlure Similar experiments were conducted by scientists from Nlchigan State University and the New York and C~~1nectiut State Agricultural Experimerct Stations
bullbullThese tests weI c onduc tcd in a natural infestation in FaTl River State Porest ILl lraps gtJere baited wit[ cc t t on dentJ wicks to which had been applied the indicated amcunt s of ( ) and-) (-) disparlure Delta traps were used in all ttsts i)fj a 25 III grid pat tfJ~11 rh) numbe r- of malt motho captured gtl2S reeordec c regular LrrtsrvaLs
In one experim8~lt the attrac tivene ns of racemic d i apar-I ure was compared with that of (+) enarrti omar Ihe rssults of middotshi test are given in Table 1
Table I Number of moths captur-sd il trans middotcLti ted with varying amount s elf racemic and optically active Hsparlure
1 L
lCCJC
------------------__-----_ _--__------shy
II II These ltlata clearly reflect -gt0 superior attractancy of the (+) enarrt iore r
compared with that of racemic mate r i al Approximately 10 X more raoths were captured with 100 ug (+) disP8rlure than with an equal amount of racemic pheromone Unfor-tuna te Ly limited amounts of the enantiomers
II prohibited testing at dosages gTeater than 10C ug and therefore it is
II not known if greater dosages woull -Lead to repeLten t or inhibitory effects It should also be noted that the Jptically active material contained ca 66 of its an t i podo Hirhly puCified pbermiddot~Cwj~e would likely yield someshywhat different data Ih_u is the first rcpc--t of 3~ clear relationship beshytween dosage and r-e sponee wheIc n_creased ple romone concentration y-ields a corresponding increase in ruoth response
II In another test the inhLbi t ory properties ()f t1gt (-) s nant iomar- were quantified deti3rrninirlg tile at t ractivenes (~r var i cus ratios of (+) and (-) disparlure These lata a~e presented n Table I
bull Table II NWllber of riaLe mo trs captured in tIP -x1ited with various
t~r8rltiomer ra tios
bull ----- -~---_ I shy
ugtraJ ug -) per Average catch ( -I- ) -i- _----LQ_ llg ~~_ J2eL_tmiddotr~a=p _
9 jL o (I te 936 1 1 75 120
c99 _J j 3-68 63 I
bull J 00 ioo L+ 12 ~ ~I I ) 380 32
bull L159 59 ~ 08
As addi tiCmiddot] iJlCgt1EltS oi (-) middotnre tdded V_ ij CZS ccntaiuing 10 uij (+) a t tr-activene ss 22di~J jmiddotrc~8s-(~ dsmonc2at~E the Lnhib i tOIJ nature
Yn t he ( c-~ j bull_ 1 m n - v 11+ i (1 60L f th01 rllt~ - 11 ccuUCc JgO_Ll -l_~e au k bull t-_f- CO bullbull oa~ne I )0 0 v bull e
II bull ) - -- n -I- f- - ~ 1 s +--- +- bull - -- - f ( rl J l dOppOSle c_Dctl_bull )Eler hie e_ua ar tr-ac mvene so O~ + -LlSpar_Ure COU
Dot be ceteIlied ~~xt-aTJ)lation of the p]ttcCc data suggests that 9Cf~ (+) disp2rl1lle 1~Cl~_middot(J cap turv 15-~() t i mes a iafr ~ioths as TaGer-tic phero-shymane at tho 10 -cC -2vel
A rnore 6ta-iled -report i s cur-rentIy ceins- lYr-pT~P( JJ_C pub lication The manuacrLpt -middotimiddotL 1 c~ i ~11 uIsd ~ n tho nex t LacL8tcr_~ P~ IJort
Project Number GM 623 Project Title Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leader Charles P Schwalbe
There is no progress to report on this project A prototype apparatus is being assembled which will permit systematic evaluation of various collection substrates Recent papers report successful collection of airborn volatiles on Porapak Q and Molecular sieve If quantitative collection of disparlure from female moths is s11ccessful pheromone emission will be used as a standard for determining quality of insects mass reared under various conditions
I I I I I
-30shy
I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I
Project Number GM 626 Project Title Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leader Edward C Paszek
Tree Tanglefoot a natural product made from castor oil gum resins and vegetable wax was used as an adhesive for sJPSY moth traps for )6 years 1913-1969 It was replaced in 1970 with Tack Trap a synthetic plastic type adhesive (polyisobutylene) which was less costly and through field testing found to be more effective than Tree Tanglefoot in holding capshytured moths in a trap Tack Trap has gone up in price fr-om $0421b in 1970 to $130lb in 1976 A number of companies are marketing synthetic sticky compounds to protect trees from climbing insects and as bird reshypellants These compounds were compared with Tack Trap and Tree Tanglefoot to determine their effectiveness in holding ca~tured ~psy moths
8plusmn5 of the following six compounds were weighed and applied to approxishymately 286 cm2 of the interior surface area of Delta traps An aging study on 12 these open traps was conducted in the greenhouse at a tempshyerature range of 10degC to 32degC for 5) months (119-62376) A field bioassay was made on 71476 after 6 months of aging in a natural infestshyation followed by a laboratory bioassay 91676 after 8 months of aging
Table I Mean number of 6 Boths per trap after 1 hour field bioassay in heavy infestation 24 hour laboratory chamber bioassay with )00 released 6 moths
Field Laboratory
Tack Trap (new sample) 145 60 Bird Iang1efoot 120 90 Excelcide Bird Repellant 105 200 Tack Trap (old sample) t10 105 Stikem-Special Iree Tanglefoot
6S o r
14)1)
After 6 months of aging in open traps Tack Prap Bird Ianglefoot Excelshycide Bird Repellant and Stikem-Special held captur-ed native moths Tree Tanglefoot glazed over and was a poor adhesive When bioassayed Ln a laboratory chamber after 8 months oflging vri it released moths many moths entered and fLev out of the traps indcating that the adhe sive tend to dry out and stiffen after Long periods of aging
The remaining samples were stored folded flat on the shelf in a closed paper carton at room te~perature (approxi~ately 22C) B~th sets of traps were weighed after 6 weeks of aging (3176) to deterwiu8 weight loss of the adhesives due to voLat i Liza t i on of solvents
-ushy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
-32shy
bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II II II II
bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
-----
Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
- 34shy-
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
-35shy
II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
-shy
CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
I -v f)
I
10
bullbull C N
bull 0shy-It)---
C) ~
~ et
gtshy ~
-lt
l 1 o Li
u Clt bull z ~ l pH
V i) j
iJ2
~
1M
Ibull
0= I~U Z
I~~ 0 tx N U
Z ~
pound0 t
~ N ()
I~ I
+ J ~ J
a U Z
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-J
o a ~
Z
o o 0 o- 00 ~
031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
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Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
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Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
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I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
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Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
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Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
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I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
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-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
I
I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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I
Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
I
Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I
I
I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
I
I I
-65shy
I
Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
I
I
I
I
I llEPEL-
I TIES
I
I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
I I
I
I
I
I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
-69shy
I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
Project Number
GM 611
GM 612
GM 61]
GM 614
GN 615
GM 616
I I- I
II II II bull bull bullbullbull PESTICIDE rESTING SICrplON
Project Title
Laboratory Screening of Candidate Pc I i ( i dr
Against the Gypsy Moth
1976 Field Studies of Different Formul a t i o r i
of Dimilin and Sevin-4-0il
Field Testing of Ground Applied Insecticiclen
Evaluation of Pesticides for Browntail Moth
Regulatory Treatments (Laboratory - Field)
Field Testing of Juvenile Hormone Analogs for Ovicidal Activity
- bull Hrport Type
Interim
J nterim
Interim
Irrto r i m
TrltcTim
I r to r i rn
Page
6
14
20
2]
24
26
bullbullbullbull bull bullbull
I NI
Project Number
GM 622
GM 623
GM 626
Gr1627
GM 628
GM 629
GM 6210
PIlliROMONE BEHAVIOR AND ECOLOGY SECTION
Project Title Report rrypc ~
Responses of Male Gypsy Moths to Traps as Affected by the Rate of Pheromone Release
Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths
Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives
Greerillouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations
Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Fonnulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage
Analytical and Bioassay Tests of Glass Slides Coated with Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Methyl Octadecane) Formulations and Aged in a Greenhouse
Interim
Interim
Final
Final
Interim
Final
Final
)H
30
31
34
36
41
43
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull PHYSIOLOGY AND MASS REAHING ~~Icrl1 ON
Project Number Project Title Hcp()rt~~ ~_L
GM 6]1 Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Precooling Storage Techniques Interim JII
GM 6]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period Final 45
GM 6]] The Hatch Rate of L dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg Interim 49
GN 6 ]4 Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Interim 50
G11 6]5 Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation and Development of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techshy
I VJ niques for Rearing and Handling Larval Gypsy Moths Interim 54
I
GI1 6]6 Establishment of Standards for Monitorir~ Performance and Quality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths Preliminary 62
Gl16]7 Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and Development of Effective Sanitation Procedures Preliminary 63
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull -------j~pound~Ill)(r Erojer t rri tJ~ 1~~middotmiddot __ ~ll
GlVl 638 Development of Methods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated lith Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Hath Pr-e l irninary () i
GM 639 Insect Production and Distribution Interim ( r
I j I
III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullI
APPENDIX
Title Page
Appendix 1 Repellents of Late Instar Gypsy Moth Larvae 66
-5shy
II
bullbull
Project Number GM 611 Project Title Laboratory Screening of Candidate Pesticides
Against the Gypsy Moth bull Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
bullbull The main objective of this laboratory screening project is to collect
mortality data on registered and experimental compounds potentially useshyful against the gypsy moth evaluating the data and selecting suitable materials for field testing
The following materials were tested against gypsy moth larvae using the
bulloak seedling test technique
bull
Material Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Mortality
bullABG-6070 Abbott 025 Ib8ozA II 100
012 Ib4ozA II 99 006 Ib2ozA II 97
bulloOJ IblozA II 81
001 Ib gA II 66 Check II 1
bull (05 parts
piperonyl butoxide to 1 part ABG-6070) 02 Ib10ozA II 100
01 Ib 5ozA II 99
bull 005 Ib25ozA II 94 00251bl25ozA II 64 0012 Ib62ozA II 52
Check II 0
bullbull (1 part pipershy
anyl butoxide to 1 part ABG-6070) 02 Ib16ozA II 99
bull01 Ib8ozA II 100
tl 005 Ib4ozA II 97 002 Ib2ozA II 96
001 IblozA II 83 Check II a
bull(2 parts pipershy
bullanyl butoxide to 1 part ABG-6070) 02 Ib24ozA II 100
01 Ib12ozA r 100 005 Ib 6ozA II 99
TT 0025 Ib 3ozA ---L 89 It TT
bullLL0012 Ibl5ozA 65
Check II 1
bull
Days After
Treatment
6 6 6 6 6 6
4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4
-6shy
aer al Company Dosage Tnstar Weather
ABG-J7Q Abbott (L parts piperony1 juoxde to 1 part ASG-6J7D) 02 lb320zA II 100
01 1b160zA II 100 005 1b 80zA II 97 0025 Ib 4ozA II 90
0012 1b 20zA II 86 -r--Check L o
(6 parts pishyperony1 butoxide to 1 Dart ABG-6070) 02 1b640zA II 99
01 Ib320zA II 95 005 Ib16ozA II 94 L 0025 1b 8ozA II 51 L
002 Ib 40ZA II 48 4III
Check II o 4
bullbull (Piperonyl
butoxide only) 10 lbgalA II 5 5 05 lbgalA II 3 5
025 lbga1A II o 5 012 lbga1A II 7 5 006 1bgalA II o r
bull
Check II o 5
bullDecis Procida 0013 IbgalA 11 97 L
00065 IbgalA II 98 LI
1)0032 IbgalA II 89 I
bull
00016 IbgalA II 90 000082 ItgalA II 51 L
Check o L
Decis It 0013 lbgalA II 1 85 L
II 2 78 )
bull II II J 83
I II II
bull
II 1 (J6 Newfilm)
II II 1 (J6 Chevron
bullII
1 Sticker) 4 II 1
(Jo Pinolene Sticker) 4
-7shy
--- -
---
_=shy - -- - --
~Iaterial Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Mortal i -- - ~-= -- = -=- -shy
0ecis Procida 00065 ngalA II 1 65 II 2 66
J II 3 58 fI II 1
(Yo Nu-film 17) 7S L TT 1i--l
(Jlo Chevron Sticker) 41
1 II 1 (50 Pinocene
Sticker) 53 4 00032 lbgalA II 1 59 4
H II 2 56 3 II 3 35 4
00016 IbgalA II 1 34 4 II 2 27 3
H H H II 3 23 4 H H 00008 IbgalA II IH 22 4
H II 2 24 3 II 3H 21 L
Checks a 4 = 0013 lbgalA II (2 hr artificial 1JV light) 100 7
7 ~ 0006) Iblial A II 87 I
bull H
00032 OtciJ i II 28 7
bull H
iI 00016 2- t-gallA I 3L~ 7
I 00008 IbgalA II 20 7 Check 0 7
00013 lbgalA II (4 hr artificial UV light) 90 4
00065 lbgalA II 60 4 00032 IbgalA II 12 4
bullbull H
H
00016 lbgalA II 9 4 00008 IbgalA II 4 4
Check 0 4 OOlJ lbgalA II (2 hr natural
sunlight) 99 6
bull H 00065 l1)galA II 97 6
Ii T~00032 ~bgaA 86 6
bull
H 00016 IbgalA II 67 6 I OOOOEl ItgalA II 35 IJ
Check 0 6 0013 IbgalA IT (4 hr naturalj
sunlight) 66 2 00065 IbgalA TT 32 2_LJ
bull j l irJ i t
00032 ))a-I raquo - 40 2 00016 IbgalA II 29 2
bull
t t OOG08 Ibfla A II H 17 2 Check 0 2
bull -8shy
I
-
-- - ~
2crial Company Dosage l8r-C ~ - --- --_ --shyInstar Weather Agirg - - - -- -- shy
l~FMC 30980 FMC 0062 lbgalA II r -
J~ shy~ O0312 IbgalA II -~ shy~
0015 IbgalA II 58 shy
0007 1bgalA II 16 5 0003 lbga1A II 7 5
Check a 5 0025 lb gaL A II 1 61 7 0012 lbgalA II 1 70 7 0062 1-1_u ga II 1 15 7
bull IIA
0003 ItgalA II 1 5 7 0001 1bgalA TT 1 ij I~1
7
bull
Check II 1 7
middotT 35171 FMC 02 ItgalA II 100 3 01 lbgalA II 100
bull J
005 lbgalA II 100 3
bull 0025 1bgalA II 99 3
0012 1tgalA II 99 3 0006 IbgalA II 99 4 II Tshy
10003 IbgalA 100 L~ 0001 1bgalA II 100
bull 4shy 00007 lbgalA II 97 4
Check 1 4 002 lbga1A II 1 100 5
001 Lb~ Igal- li II 1 100 5I
bull I 0006 IbgalA II 1 100 5
0003 lbg-alA II 1 96 5 0001 lbgalA 1 1 1 90 5
r-
bull TTCheck LL 0
bull - -
~3497 FMC 02 ngalA II 98 4 01 lbgalA II 95 4 005 lbgalA II 87 4 002 IbgalA II 75 L 001 lbgalA II 51 4
bull Check II a 4
002 ngalA II 1 17 6 001 1bga1A II 1 15 6
bull
0006 lbgalA II 1 10 6 0003 ItgalA II 1 7 6 I
n j VUJ
r~ IbgalA II 1 6
bull ~
Check J 6
-_ G li]1C 021 IbgalA II 100 P ~- A 3
010 oIE L II 100 1rl
0052 IbgalA n 100 1
I 0026 IbgalA II 100 1
it 0013 IbgalA II 81 3 0006 1 A 1 I gal II 92 4
TT 4 0003 IbgalA 67L~
11 00016 111 A J fla1 II 29 4 T- 4Check 0J
-9shy
Day
bullbull After
Material Company Do sago Instar Weather Aging Nor tal Lty Treatment
FMC 45498 FMC OO2( middotbgalA II 1 40 5 CJ in 3 ~_ b sal A II 1 L) 5
bull T 000 1r)g-al~A JL 1 25 5
oC() lbira1A II 1 10 5 cooi Hq]lAJ 01lt- II 1 I) 5~
bull
( -le~K II i S
pp 383 leI l~O iJ~Cil A II leo 2
bull I bull A 0) LUI gcU II 100 2
~ ~ S IbgaiA l L 100 3 (1 - TT 3J ~ l-LlasalA 100
bull
A1n gal) II 1
1 1 ] II
I 006 - 90 1 I C03 lgtjga ii 93 6
TT r1 J 001 lbgc11 69 v
OG07 tSr l 1I 49 61ha II
bull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Il 11 9 C~(J) ~J f I-~ ( I J l II 33 6_Ishy
I I P r
~)~DO_ 1-) -al~J I 1 J1 16 5 II TTGlICOO9 b ~S8Jt -t 7 5
j L I p 1 J A (~ w ()C)oLi L U Kctl n IT 1 5 i~t ~(ck 11 0 5
RE-218 RahID - )Haas O lt)c Lgal- II 1 86 J
q (j it(1 I h i t~ 1 A -
-- ~ Clti)L i J II 1 96 3 ll II 1 96 3
~T
o j-1A 1 bullbull 1 64 3
11 1 28 3 -J1C k 0 3
2umithion S tauflaquo n (feY -- lbgalA II 100 Lt
OilS 1b gEtl 1 II (+15 Atlox) 100 Lt p u ) 1b r 1 II (+15 Sorpol) 100 gaL 11- 3
r ] 1-- 13 A ) 5 --I II 1 48 3 11 ~ 05 ugal L Jr 1 ( +15 Atlox) 26 3
o c 1b 13 I A- rr 1 (+15 Sorpo1) 17 1T I raquo ~ 1) 1- 3
o ~ S~ b6d L d II 1 (+ Y6 Rhop1ex Sticker) 100 4
n v- l-bgatA II 2 (+Jib Rhoplex Sticker) CG L
J bull ~
r~ r- bull J 1) gelmiddot i1li L1 3 (+10 Rhonlex Sti~ker) 100 5
o J- ~CJ LA II 1 (+15 Atlox + Y6 Rhoplex
Sticker) reoj)
c o itgalA II 2 (+15 Atlox + 16 Rhoplex
Stickel) 64 4 J tf
lu-r II (+15 Atlox +J r
1A Rhop1ex
Sticker) 81 5
-10shy
bullbullbullbull
~~-P~
81 -~ shyMaterial Company Dosage Instal Weather Aging Mortal qy Irsa =e-
Sumithion Stauf-D ~ npounda 1 Itfer tgt -- II 1 (+15 Sarpal +
7J1 JO Rhaplex
Sticker) 99 L r A (+15 Sorpa1 +0 bull ~
i~lt) l~-oGc I ~- 1) II 2
Jo Rhon1ex Sti~ker) 99 4
~ ~T r) II
~) uI gall it 4l1 3 (1-15 Sorpol + Jo Rhoplex
Sticker) 80 5 fl bull 1 la- 1 A (JS C) t4L f 11 100 41-
I O~ ItgalA II (+15 Atlox) 100 3 - 1 TT itgt C JbgaJ ti -L (+190 Sorpal) 99 3
b egtl~- it L 1 32 3 t-1 TT - 5
ga A J 1 (+15 Atlax) 11 3 r-l
-
I~~ ~ 1-0 ~cl A II III lJ Sarpal)C-_) + ~ 13 30
I A l~l Ill J cV~ II 1 (+ 31~ Rhaplex Sticker) 95 4
TTI hcl~ i CC-- o lL 2 74 6 ( J_ =- gSL Ji 1 3 85 5 t~
~~_ i coEt Ii 1 (+ JIo Atlax + JIo Rhap1ex
Sticker) 97 ) -tshy ~ --T-t - bull l_ 2 (+ Jo Atlcx +
j( Rhoplex Sticker) 71 6
I ~ k_ 5 ( T]~ AtLox +
] lhoplex Sticker) 30
l r~ shy r ~) c~ I J~- 1 1 (+1 Sorpal + JIo Rhoplex
Sticker) 94 4 iI 1 r- g -o l A (+15 Sarpol +-~~ S _ u __ TT
bull_ )LL
JIo llhoplex sticker) 76 6
It r-11
~middot -iA U bLJ II 3 (+15 Sarpal + 3 Rhaplex
Sticker) 66 5 Checks 0 6
VEL 3883 r e1 si~ -r-vshycol _L 1 bC[i~L IA J i 99 6
H J ~~J euromiddotmiddott J A 99 6
fil If o g8 A 100 6
v 1~ - L gLllA ~l 89 o TT L
~ ( J6 (cilA 85 6
L ~E- 1 IA II 77 6 H -j 1-- ~-- ~ -= ~~ 156 _~ _ tdL H II 65 6 I ~ ~ C073 ~L (pound7)1 1~ 1L 26 6 If j ~ r)() )0 1 t A Li 10 6_1
CL~z L 0 6
-11shy
J)----Cl c
~+~---IJ_ ~__
Via terial Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Nortality TrGlt-e
VEL 3883 Velsi shy-1 col 10 lbga1A II -- )
05 1bga1A II 1 ~
II t--~025 1bgalA II 1 2 -012 1bga1A II 1 2 5
006 1bga1A II 1 0 c -Check II 0 )
irk continued with the new SevinID-4-oil formulation The viscos i ty o f ( formulations was tested
bullbullbullbullbull -12shy
The Tri toamp X-190 and Sevint-lt-cil formulation was field tested at
LO Ibs a i qt fA bull 0 uraquo Ell bull I qt I
025 lbs ai qt A
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbull-13shy
This formulation vlaS compar-ed tc SeviIi0-4-oil and kerosene at
10 Ibs ai40ozA0 Ibs aiatA
We are happy to rfport that Orthene-E 75S and Djm51iamp 25 Wp ve rc registered by the Uni ted States Environmental Protection Acncy for gJpsy moth use
Orthene 7SS
By a i r - 23 to 1 1L a i 2 qt H20A
hBy air - 003 to )06 lb a~ I i or 2 galA
The Ot_s laborltory and field rews played a grect part in the success of both mat8ria~81lt
__ltl- IjJSixteen gall ons ly)rthern red oak Jcmiddot-r118 were colI f~ted and stored in
cold storage
A totaI It --~ ~fL)13(ti(~i_l 88-~p~~~~s IT~jl1~ ~eCf~velt ~-()l ~~_8J)Clrato~rr and field tejts
Much of t ru s YCPO]tD peTioieJ STJmiddot~middott work i nr jYJ che field on experimental insecticide plats
A sui +able land-fill for the disposed cd emp ty onc~e( t ic ide containers was Loca t ed in Plainvi Ll Le ]Viaco lhis is about 6C i Les from Otis and is reshycommended by the Boston off i ce of Uni tec f372tes Environmental Protection Agency
Host Laboratory equipment-Ims packed ready for moving into the new building
I~etings
JIr HcLane gave talk 01 th Eftgt eetment made in 1(316 and demonstrated
ec davs in Hyat t svilLe H]) work i ng on apshy
bull
bull
bull
bullbull
bull
bull
bull bull
bull
bull
bullbullbull
Project Number GN 612 Project Title 1976 Field Studhs of Differen~ E()rmulations of
IrlnuLin and Sevin-)-1--0il Report Period April 1 1976 September 30 1976 Report lype P t T TO lecmiddot LJeaGers
Interim Larrry L Herbaugh w H l1cLane C H Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Each year f or the past 3 generation3 the gypsy moth Lymantri8 dispar (L) bas defci Latori thouaands of ac re s of forested Land in t he northeast Because of tht s investigations bTe corrt inual l y be i ng carried out to evaluate new materies and new fITfillations of current registpred ~ateria18
IVlaterlaJs and Methods In 1970 the following rnat0rial~ and fo rmula tions were tested for gypsy moth con t r o l DimiLin op Dilli1in 3middot~ Gil keroser18 Dimilj~rl j middot3 oil + TlitolJ X-190 + water Se~Tin-J-(Jil + kerosene arid Se-rJin-Lt-oil t- TLampt ton xmiddot~ l~)() + JcLtE-r Each ell the maLer-La~_S va s aerially applied to 50 acre plots Hi 3 replicates for ov aLua t i on Table I gives the details on chemical concentration and application rate
IabLs I Details of 19c6 formula t i (lUS field tested
-------------__------------Cllemical Concent ra t ion
and I1a tcrial APl21 Leat_ign Ra te- __ __ _Eerm~middotdlts ___ _
9DVcd a t less than 7) iage expansion
L~_l I in and wateY--ltL
GO scicker added
DimiLin 3 j oil ( 1 1b c 1 AU bull jJ - ct1 oct fl Keroaerie+ KerOS(~rle
I)rrlilirl 3 3 ~)il
-+- Tr5_tor )-19D1- r 3 lb ai gaJI~
water
Se-r]] fl-4-0il + ) SJ Cl IA ~6 middotJZ K81~GSe~ne
Kero serle 10 lb J_~ o~A 8 07 ~Kt-~-cosene
bull ~)~ vin -J i-Cil i -~
bull Se ~i ~L( Lt- 0 i 1
bull11 r X-190
wa teT
bull
bull
Plot Establishrnent TLe test plots were established Ln an area adjacent to the 1975 study area in Clinton COill1ty Peru1sylvania This area met the following requirements (l) a building population in whi ch there had been no Bore than 1 years noticeable defoliation prior to the test year (2) a readily measureabJe population of egg masses and (3) a predominance of preferred host trees (oaks)
Each So acre square plot was laid out by establishing an accessible base corner and plotting boundary lines along compass headings Harkers were placed at 811 four corners for aircraft guidance Within each 50 acre plot 5 s~bplots (01 acre) or sampling units were randomly established These subplots were representative of the entire plot and served as samplshying points throughout the experiment Sampling points were similarly e s tab l i shec in untreated check areas to measure natural ccndi tions
Application The application schedule was de s i gned so that material was to be applied when the majority of the larvae were in the late second inshystar stage and the oak foliage was 50-75 expanded One exception to this was the early treatment of Ililllilin that was applied at early 1st instar when oak foliage was less than ~~ expanded
NatErials were mixed and transferred into the aircraft with conventional equipment (mixing tank pumps hoses measuring devices and necessary safety equipment) All niXing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between each treatment to avoid adulteration Radio communications were maintained be tween the ground conditions of wind velocity and materials dispersement
All plots W8T8 treated wi th a Ces~ma Ag Truck al rcraff e quippe d wi th a hydraulic 3rven 2wpellr pump arid 2 converrt i onai STJT3y system (see Table II) The airplane disperse- the craterial lliS fxd- 3wa-ths at ])1 mph as near to tree top level as po ss Lb l e wi th 5 fTcurcl -ird velocity of less than 5 mph
-15shy
bull 1
bullbull bullbullbullbullbull
------- ------gt-_-------------- shy
I1aterial Noz zl e s Orifice
Di miLi n 2 middotIP 006 It d t falA (eal12l) D8-L5 Q
006 10 2j lsd11A DP-middothS Dd-L[r C006 Ib aigallA
J)imillc J 3 (~1 +
Kerosene 003 it Dlqt 80C2FF
Dimilin 1 ~ 0j J
Tli ton X-I + water
8002FF
05 lb aiqt C~~ 2f ~1
iraquo 1b 3iL_ ozA
o 5 ib middot--1 L
10 Lb 8iL-O D002FF
-Evalll~_tior~ ~~~~)~-h ~--Tn~ZIJ8n t J(~~~ emiddot~Ll1at(-a r~(l1Tl the s tandpo trrt of fo lLage protec t i or -ti16 TC [)J-L t -1 crj T~dJ lt middott~ t
tClt)[[l li~LlfiJ 0stJIuates of t~e deg-ree of I rLo t s a t the termination of larval
) f-L CL[ ~ ~ C~-j Lnl rL~~
CC)Lj]gtajng f~_vJ -- ru t C 3 ~ T j 11~
arI~ pl o C5 b~i prl i ~cd p- I Spmiddotrciy JJ -~~LLtl the ex ~ept~---~~ TLrrli~lL ) ~1 all
7shy k( I~C Smiddot- rlE~ _gti~ ~~ - t -) X-19 1 ) -I 12-(middotmiddot-shy ~L~~- ~)l~j_l-in WF
gtrhi c h ~[c -~1 (~ n( -t~ ~I()X ina te ~Y r~ Ii ~~V 1 tf-~r trea tmsnt
(middot~middotf-_lmiddotmiddotl
)JJ
bullbull
ConoIus ion i PT~~i i nunarv data S11~)W tha t all formuLa r ions o r rljiti~l 8JG
Sevin-L-oLl + kcrosble rave (~xce~_ ent results in larval reductJon FrLlbullegg mass vcount L ~ hi macJe +0 Cetenline i this conoi tion continues to hold true
bull One nitial -()nI~ 1~~-)_~2- th_L~ 3~hOv1=~ oxceLlent po ten LLaI is the fact tIlat DimiLi rs - c P JbfcYi appl ie_l at H20 f viJ E le S8 than S oak f()l~_~tge ~-~(lDsicr~ gave g~o)d f- LJ~~(- p-otmiddotciinl and r-uced l arval actishy
bull v ty rl1~aj1~-~1tly ltbullbull T=~ LY 10 )C
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- II II II -shyAfl~U1GE COUNT
10 +shy 0 cc o o o o
~ ~- coe DinuLln 25 wP (early) 06 IbgallA
~~ Dimilin 25 vIP (normal) 06 Ib2 qtA
fojf-
~ I-j CD
~~-~~X~~~~-~~~-~~~~bull
Sevin-4-oil - Kerosene 1 Ib40 ozA
Dirnilln 33 oil - TXl90shy ~CJter 03 IbqtA
Dimilin 33 oil - Kerosene 03 IbqtA
l1 1 CD I
(fJ
0 f-j
~
~ ~ ~
10 1--3 CD r p g c+ CD
f-J p1
~ ~
~~
~~
~~~
lmiddotmiddot 1 IXlt)0 ir t ~ hI + rJeJln-+-OT - - Wo el bullJ UfIi
D middot J tro 06 Ib ~ Ianui rn ~ vvr- gaL li
Sevin I J K~Yr c-nIle lt Ibq+ r0t l-+-j _~L - u gtJ bull 1 - _J bull vi l
~d
o to c+ bullto
d - ~
I
m c+ I-jf-J
~ o o
~ (fJ
~~ Sevin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water 1 Ib) OZA
~~~ Sevirl--4-oil - Txl90 - Water 25 IbqtA
I -- (X)
I
~)t)~ E Untreated Ch8Cks
-bullbull Ptlo~SNI tuLIIGF f3fiE-1IlN
tV Jgt 0shy co o o o o o o
061bgalA D-lmilin 25 WP (early)
I - I Iebull uO J-o I~ erG i1 JimHin 25 wP (normal) I-rj
j-J
o~ f-J (1)
Sevin-4-oil - Kero sene I--~ Ib40 ozA I-rj ll 0 UJ I-
~h 0 lbmiddot(jmiddott gt - 11 DirJlin 33 oil - TXl90 - Water I-- p1 CD UJ CD UJ
rI-~ Diu-Uin 33 oiI - Ke ro ~ene 00Obull 3 1(1 qt 1-
sect co
f-- c+ OJ-J ampl 0
~evin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water bull l51bqtA
lJ f-J CD
DiJ1lilin 25 l-lP I06 IbgalA to
1j f-J Pl
lti
51bqtA _ Sevin-L~-oil - Kero sene pD H o I-- j-J
-o
p c+~ Ib40 OZA _ Sevin-L-oil - TXl90 - Water f-J
~
25 IbqtA Selin-4-oil - TX1-90 - ltIater
Untreated Checks I
f- -0
I
I I II II III I
II II II II
-
Project Number GM 613 Project Title Field Testing of Ground Applied Insecticides Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Larry L Herbaugh W H McLane C R Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Experimental use permits were received from EPA in early June 1976 for testing Orthene 75S Imidanreg 50 Wp Sevi~) 80S In addishytion to the above Sevin-4-oil with water and NTN 9306 were tested
One-acre plots were established in the Bald Eagle State Forest lands in Centre and Clinton Counties Pennsylvania These plots contained a measureshyable population of gypsy moth eggs and were located in heavily wooded areas representative of campground situations
These plots were established so that they were ca 200 feet square with a small dirt road dividing them Within each one-acre plot two subplots or sampling units were established Each of these illlits comprised 140 of an acre and was placed on each side of the road These 140 acre sampling units were used for all evaluations throughout the program
Application Only a small quantity of materials were needed for application Because of this materials were mixed on site using conventior~l mixing equipment and a nurse tank for a water supply All mixing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between treatments to avoid any adultershya tion
The materials were applied with a John Bean Mist Blower mounted on a 1-12 ton 4-wheel drive truck at the following rates
25 Ib a ir gal H20A
50 lb ai5 gal H20A Orthene 75S 10 It ai5 gal H20A Imidan So Wp 15 Ib ailS gal H20A and Sevin 80S 20 Ib ailS gal H2OA
3S Ib ai5 gal H2OA
Each of these dosages was replicated 3 times for each material
125 Ib ailS gal H20ANTN 9J06 50 Ib ai5 gal H20A
Sevin-4-oil and 20 Ib ailS gal H20A T X-190 + water 35 Ib ailS gal H20A
Evaluation Each treatment was evaluated from the standpoint of percent foliage protection larvae reduction using a 15 foot string count and egg massesacre reduction Tht latter data is not yet available at this vrriting
Foliage protection and larvae reduction are shown in the following table
-20shy
II - II - II II II II II II II - - II II -- shy -Foliage Average Larval String Counts
Material Dosage Protection Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment l 25 Ib ai5 gallA L~9 5 20 46 50 Ib ai5 gallA 667 25 22
10 lb ai5 gallA 854 30 20Imidan 50 wp 15 lb ai5 gallA 580 18 33
20 Ib ai5 gallA 565 2S 16 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 420 33 14
Check - 3middotS 19 8
1O25 Ib ai5 gallA -LL bull 5 26 5 So Ib ailS gallA 620 22 2
10 Ib ailS gallA 43middotS 23 2Sevin 80S 15 Ib ailS gallA 55S 22 1
20 Ib ailS gallA 827 26 1 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 894 2S S
Check - So 42 40
2S Ib ai5 gallA 800 29 6
50 lb ailS gallA 911-1 25 3 10 Ib ailS gallA SlLtO 26 2
NI Orthene 7SS ~J
15 Ib ailS gallA 9)-1-0 29 0 I 20 Ib ailS gallA 940 22 0
35 Ib ai5 gallA 940 19 0 Check - 7S 48 Sl
Sevin-4-oil + 20 1b ailS gallA 770 39 6 T X-190 + H2O 35 Ib ai5 gallA 870 3S 9
12S Ib ailS gallA 750 15 1NTH 9306 5 Ib ailS gallA 730 IS 2
oCheck - 20 10j
l Post-treatment readings based on 5th day after treatment
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Conclusion Initial results show that Imidan~ 50 Wp gave ca 5~o folia~~ protection and ca 16 larval reduction at the 3 higher dosages
SevillE 80S gave ca 76 foliage protection and ca 99 reduction in larval activity at the 3 higher dosages
Orthenereg 758 gave ca 94 foliage protection and ca 100 larval control at the 3 higher dosages
In comparison the two new formulations of Sevin-4-oil and T X-190 and H20 and NTN 9306 gave ca 8~o and 74 foliage protection respectively and ca 78 and 87 reduction in larval activity respectively
Data in the following table indicate that Orthene0) 758 and Sevi~ 80S will give the greatest degree of foliage protection as well as reducing larval activity on a 15 foot string count
-22shy
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II I)
II I)
Project Number GM 614 Proj8ct Title Evaluation of Pesticides for Browntail Moth Report Period April 1 1976 - September 31 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
The primary objective of this p~oject is to screen candidate materials against the browntail moth
Orthene reg was the only material tested against brown tail larvae
Dosage Instar 110rtali ty Days
After Treatment
1 IbaigalA II 92 2 05 IbaigalA II 100 2 025 IbaigalA II 96 2 012 IbaigalA II 90 2 006lbaigalA II 98 2 Check II loS 2
Mr McLane Mr Stockbridge Mr Stelle Mr Mosley and Mr Cartier met with Cape Cod National Seashore personnel to discuss future broNQtail work on the Cape A 5 year program was proposed as a result of the meeting and phone conversations vi th the Department of Interior and APHIS personnel
1976 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil ground plots with Sevin 80S
1977 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil Pyrethrin and Dimilin
1978 Select the most promising from the ones experimentally tested in 1976 and 1977 treat the entire infestation on Cape Cod using aircraft backpacks and mistblowers
1979 Clean up any infestation left
1980 Clean up any infestation left
However after a meeting wi th the Seashore Advisory Committee park super-shyintendent Hadley made a decision that no spraying should be done Q~til
the committee was informed of our plans and their approval was obtained To date this meeting has not come about
Meetings
Area I Managerial Meeting Hartford Corill Mr McLane gave a talk on the proposed 5 year broivntai1 moth program for Cape Cod Mass
Mr McLane met with Mr J KilIan Chief Environmentalist for the Cape Cod National Seashore to discuss the brovrrtaiL problem at the Seashore
-23shy
bullbullbullbull II II
bull II II II II
bullbullbullbullbull
Project Number (~riI 6l5 Project Title Regulatory Treatments (Laboratory - Field) Report Period AfrE 1 1976 - September W 1976 Report TJpe Irl tertIa Project Leaders Winfred H McLane L Ii Herbaugh J A Einney
The lack of effective treatment methods fer recreational vehicles and mobile homes is a major dficipncy Ll the APHIS Gypsy Hath regulatory program Slt1xpcIimentcl laboratory and field tests are conducted to develop improved techniques for cP2ling iii tt thi s and other r811atory problems
On December 191175 a residue test I2S s tartlaquo Nt) 7 irs(~ctiGiles Tvo hundr-ed tar paper squares (6 x 6) each were treated with insectjcide using amp c 5 It aita1 soLut i on SevfTI insecticideswere tested with 1 set of tar paper used fUJ a check The papers were treated to the point of runshyoff Half of t he paper-s were aged oucdoor-s tacked under (4 x 8) sheets of masonite haI f were hs Ld inside the laboratory Norie were exposed to sunlight
Ten newly h~tchd sectYl)sy noth larvae were exposed to tar paper sheets at 10 day Lnte rval a iC)r the f i r s t lCO days of aging fo Llowing treatment This was achieve by pLacing +he paper in a cyl inrrricaL cardboard container wi th artificial di et lt J10rta1 ity readings were( made after 24 hours and L8 hours
Mortality Hr- JJarvae Exposed After Naterial Aged
Material ~___ to IvIaterial U)() Days 200 Das 260 Lays
DDT 50 vp Insil1Ff lGO 100 32 inside ~CJO 100 100
0Outside 100 jlt 20 UlI1sideuro- 100 100 100
Resmethrin Inside 24 28 (EC) Inside )-8 oP R4 I ~)
IJutfLfle 24 28 48 7)-
SBP-l Sl) 2L R(8C) Ll~middot
OJ 9C -I iOe
96
10 1f)C
bullbull II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
bullbull
I10rtality Hr La~Jae Exposed After Ha terial
laterial Aged to r1aterial 100 Days 200 Days 26C Daye
Phoxin Inside 24 100 98 100 (EC) IIlside 48 100 100 100
Outs i de 24 100 100 100 Outside La 100 100 100
Pyrenone Inside 2L+ 34 46 2 (EC) insLde 48 60 72 46
cdOutside --I~ 38 16 a Outside I+8 61~ +2 28
I1onitor Inside ~I lUO )eLf 78 (L
G~)(EC) 118 1)0 100 Outsids 2Li 66 46
ooOutside LiS i(JO z jLi
) I Check Inside - -t 5~middot 26 0 - j
Insid~ hB ~L gt+ 6 l)uttir~c 4 20 2 Cllt3ide- ~t~~ t ~ 1+0 6
Based on Laboratrrv rfsul tc lJresented in the IJst report a field test was started August 3 196 with Iop Job pine scent wax [ax remover Dimilin and fire ex t ingui shcr agent Ten egg masses are be ing treated each month from August 3 197C unt i I April 1 1977 Five masses are being covered wi th black building paper and S are being left exposed lhree dosages of each material are being usel along wi th a check
During April 1977 211 eggs will be col Lec ted and incubated in the labora-middot tory for hatch If hatch can hi pr2vented it may be possible to uae one or more of thlaquo materials as a treatment on tr_L18rs and RVs
To date 3 t reatments haveJeer made
On June 23 19761+ uate r i al s (Sevin (583 S8 [n-i~-il Orthene and Lrridan ) most generally used f Jr gypsy mot h control h~ sprayed -+0 the poi rrt of runshyoff on 110 acre plots us ing a back-pack mist~jL)1er Dosago s usee were same as rec()mmeIldw~ in ths APHIS recillatorJ rnanual
Every 3 day fo11ovrC9 tl(~atment rliage was c oll eo te d and Lioassaysd against 3ro instar Larvae 1fCt~middot~ 72 hour lrtality reading being mado After 9middot days treated foliag wal stiLl givirfL~_2[pound211eln mortalitx
q ~[ortality After Material L Days Ul Days lC s3[S _
Sevin 8)3
Sev-inmiddotmiddotL-Gil OrtbeEe Imidan Check 17
--
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II
bullbullbullbull
II
Project Number GM 616 Project Title Field Testing of Javenile Hormone Analogs for Ovicidal
Activity Report Period Anril 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Itterim Project Leaders Charles P Schwa2be A P Norris
The juvenile hormone analogs Al tozar lE and ZR-t19 SE have been reported as having ovicidal properties When gypsy moth 8fg nasses are deposited on recently treated surfaces hat chab iLi ty yf 8ggS is reduced ZR-619 also appears to inhibit female moths from layingjhriT full complement of eggs Compounds with these properties may be user1 fOT regulatory treatments
Boles of white and red oak trees -lere sprayed foe tho point of ruri-off with water emulsions of Altozar and ZR-619 at 8g1 Ireatsents were aged for 1 3 7 14 21 and 28 days before bioassay At tb~ end of each aging period S or more 3 day old mated female moths from f Le Ld collected pupae were imprisoned on each of S trees (total ()f 25 replicatestreatment) Ihere were 10 replicates (2 trees) for each control The female moths that deposited egg masses were recovered (generally after one day) placed in polyethylene bags and frOZet111D riI they could be dissected to determine the number of unl a i d eggs Egg masses wiI 1 be coJlscted from the treated and control surfaces during IlecembQr 1976 an~ tested for embryonation parasi tization and ha tchabiLt ty
Females from the 1 3 7 and 28 day exposure pe r i ous have been dissected and unlaid eggs counted The results are shovn by the accompanying tab Le Preliminarily it appears that with the excep ti on of the 1 day ZR-61) treatment there was no effect of treatment on the nurnbe r of eggs laid by female moths It is interesting to note that laboratoryreaTf3(J tno th s were useci for the 1 day ZR-6l9 trea tluent Dcotailed disCUSSJCiD 01 thesA data will be deferred until all ]~eSl--l ts OCl egg smbryona t i on parc~si_ t i zation and hatchability have been obtained
-26shy
-----------
middot-------_ bullbullbull _~ bullbull EGGS lJlI11AID EY FENALES EXPOSED TO TRUNKS pHEATED WITH ALTOZAR 4E lIJm ZRmiddot-619 SE
Q2Y2129ynd
Iiays Treatment
ampif_~i
Numbe-r of Used
_fre~ t Control
Females Recovered
Tle~t __CoDjl~_
Numbe-r Unlaid Eggs Total Average
1reaJ_Qonto L)~1Zs~J_-0ontro1
Al i008) ) E~
ZI -~ I~~ 19 ~I~~
I
J 36 c )
14 Ij(1
32 ~
1 f 1~Lr
13 123[3 7G34
380 1797
387 )36
271 138 ~)
A1 t ozar I
11-- S1 C] ~ --
3
3 L~O
50 16 T1-s 1shy
30 ~)8
If) 1 -Llt
1394 1519
619 - (1 I
J-~
L+65 5hJ
Lf 13 493
A1 t-IZ~lX )~r~
~~R-C ~L9 ~jE
i ~ r ~O
Igt ~ c
15 18
J- 39
11 1 I LL4
104)~ l1-rr
660 F3S5
J26 292
508 632
I ) -J
I
Al t 0 L~i C i~)
-~Ti lt(j1 r)
Altozar wE Z11-(19 SE
)Q
~
- ~)
- 1 j
LJ
25 27
3j
30
12 -
-ii
14 IS
2S ~) ~
25 2S
10 1U
11 J 2
805 sed
1059 1398
2L~6 r(0
JJSO 9
2 3)
Li24 5)9
25() 6
12~ 7 391
JfJrtttcry r~ared iEIalCs ant] m3Jl~ used aUJthers ere fr-om f iel d collected pupae
bullbull Project Number GM 622
bull Project Title Responses of ~Ble Gypsy Moths to Traps as AffecteC ~
the PeatE of Pheromone Release Report Period April I 1976 - Septe~ber 30 1976
bullbull
Report Type Errcer im Project Leaders Charles P Sch~Lb2 E C Paszek
Preliminary trapping experiments with disparlure indicated that attracti-veshyness is affected by the rJte at which the pheromone is released from the trap Large amount s of lure seemed 0 have an inhfb i torr or repellent effect ConfLrmatorv studies were planned in which multiples of Corrre Ic fibers would be used to bait standaTd delta traps in order to define the pheromone ls1ea8e rate at which maxinnna attradiveness 10 sul ted Such inshyformation would be 2xcPPdingly useful in pI(eparnf specifications for comshy
bull mercial production of progTam pheromone dispenpers Unfortunately certain difficulties vpre encYLmtered in developing a sound expemiddotrinental program and it was suggested that this work be carried out by scientists at the
bullPennsylvania Stat Uni ve r-si ty Freliminary date have been made available to us but we 8re unable to uti I izhen in this report
bullExperiments in tti- pr)j0ct aCil Cl conduc tcd in collaboration with the ARS Optically active enantiCnj2rs of cis-Jlrparhrre were generously made available by Dr NarU1n(j~ Nagoya Uruve r-s i vs Iagoya Japan The objective of the tests was to determine the attractiveness (or other biological
bull properties) of tIl optically active ~nantiomers of disparlure Similar experiments were conducted by scientists from Nlchigan State University and the New York and C~~1nectiut State Agricultural Experimerct Stations
bullbullThese tests weI c onduc tcd in a natural infestation in FaTl River State Porest ILl lraps gtJere baited wit[ cc t t on dentJ wicks to which had been applied the indicated amcunt s of ( ) and-) (-) disparlure Delta traps were used in all ttsts i)fj a 25 III grid pat tfJ~11 rh) numbe r- of malt motho captured gtl2S reeordec c regular LrrtsrvaLs
In one experim8~lt the attrac tivene ns of racemic d i apar-I ure was compared with that of (+) enarrti omar Ihe rssults of middotshi test are given in Table 1
Table I Number of moths captur-sd il trans middotcLti ted with varying amount s elf racemic and optically active Hsparlure
1 L
lCCJC
------------------__-----_ _--__------shy
II II These ltlata clearly reflect -gt0 superior attractancy of the (+) enarrt iore r
compared with that of racemic mate r i al Approximately 10 X more raoths were captured with 100 ug (+) disP8rlure than with an equal amount of racemic pheromone Unfor-tuna te Ly limited amounts of the enantiomers
II prohibited testing at dosages gTeater than 10C ug and therefore it is
II not known if greater dosages woull -Lead to repeLten t or inhibitory effects It should also be noted that the Jptically active material contained ca 66 of its an t i podo Hirhly puCified pbermiddot~Cwj~e would likely yield someshywhat different data Ih_u is the first rcpc--t of 3~ clear relationship beshytween dosage and r-e sponee wheIc n_creased ple romone concentration y-ields a corresponding increase in ruoth response
II In another test the inhLbi t ory properties ()f t1gt (-) s nant iomar- were quantified deti3rrninirlg tile at t ractivenes (~r var i cus ratios of (+) and (-) disparlure These lata a~e presented n Table I
bull Table II NWllber of riaLe mo trs captured in tIP -x1ited with various
t~r8rltiomer ra tios
bull ----- -~---_ I shy
ugtraJ ug -) per Average catch ( -I- ) -i- _----LQ_ llg ~~_ J2eL_tmiddotr~a=p _
9 jL o (I te 936 1 1 75 120
c99 _J j 3-68 63 I
bull J 00 ioo L+ 12 ~ ~I I ) 380 32
bull L159 59 ~ 08
As addi tiCmiddot] iJlCgt1EltS oi (-) middotnre tdded V_ ij CZS ccntaiuing 10 uij (+) a t tr-activene ss 22di~J jmiddotrc~8s-(~ dsmonc2at~E the Lnhib i tOIJ nature
Yn t he ( c-~ j bull_ 1 m n - v 11+ i (1 60L f th01 rllt~ - 11 ccuUCc JgO_Ll -l_~e au k bull t-_f- CO bullbull oa~ne I )0 0 v bull e
II bull ) - -- n -I- f- - ~ 1 s +--- +- bull - -- - f ( rl J l dOppOSle c_Dctl_bull )Eler hie e_ua ar tr-ac mvene so O~ + -LlSpar_Ure COU
Dot be ceteIlied ~~xt-aTJ)lation of the p]ttcCc data suggests that 9Cf~ (+) disp2rl1lle 1~Cl~_middot(J cap turv 15-~() t i mes a iafr ~ioths as TaGer-tic phero-shymane at tho 10 -cC -2vel
A rnore 6ta-iled -report i s cur-rentIy ceins- lYr-pT~P( JJ_C pub lication The manuacrLpt -middotimiddotL 1 c~ i ~11 uIsd ~ n tho nex t LacL8tcr_~ P~ IJort
Project Number GM 623 Project Title Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leader Charles P Schwalbe
There is no progress to report on this project A prototype apparatus is being assembled which will permit systematic evaluation of various collection substrates Recent papers report successful collection of airborn volatiles on Porapak Q and Molecular sieve If quantitative collection of disparlure from female moths is s11ccessful pheromone emission will be used as a standard for determining quality of insects mass reared under various conditions
I I I I I
-30shy
I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I
Project Number GM 626 Project Title Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leader Edward C Paszek
Tree Tanglefoot a natural product made from castor oil gum resins and vegetable wax was used as an adhesive for sJPSY moth traps for )6 years 1913-1969 It was replaced in 1970 with Tack Trap a synthetic plastic type adhesive (polyisobutylene) which was less costly and through field testing found to be more effective than Tree Tanglefoot in holding capshytured moths in a trap Tack Trap has gone up in price fr-om $0421b in 1970 to $130lb in 1976 A number of companies are marketing synthetic sticky compounds to protect trees from climbing insects and as bird reshypellants These compounds were compared with Tack Trap and Tree Tanglefoot to determine their effectiveness in holding ca~tured ~psy moths
8plusmn5 of the following six compounds were weighed and applied to approxishymately 286 cm2 of the interior surface area of Delta traps An aging study on 12 these open traps was conducted in the greenhouse at a tempshyerature range of 10degC to 32degC for 5) months (119-62376) A field bioassay was made on 71476 after 6 months of aging in a natural infestshyation followed by a laboratory bioassay 91676 after 8 months of aging
Table I Mean number of 6 Boths per trap after 1 hour field bioassay in heavy infestation 24 hour laboratory chamber bioassay with )00 released 6 moths
Field Laboratory
Tack Trap (new sample) 145 60 Bird Iang1efoot 120 90 Excelcide Bird Repellant 105 200 Tack Trap (old sample) t10 105 Stikem-Special Iree Tanglefoot
6S o r
14)1)
After 6 months of aging in open traps Tack Prap Bird Ianglefoot Excelshycide Bird Repellant and Stikem-Special held captur-ed native moths Tree Tanglefoot glazed over and was a poor adhesive When bioassayed Ln a laboratory chamber after 8 months oflging vri it released moths many moths entered and fLev out of the traps indcating that the adhe sive tend to dry out and stiffen after Long periods of aging
The remaining samples were stored folded flat on the shelf in a closed paper carton at room te~perature (approxi~ately 22C) B~th sets of traps were weighed after 6 weeks of aging (3176) to deterwiu8 weight loss of the adhesives due to voLat i Liza t i on of solvents
-ushy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
-32shy
bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II II II II
bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
-----
Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
- 34shy-
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
-35shy
II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
-shy
CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
I -v f)
I
10
bullbull C N
bull 0shy-It)---
C) ~
~ et
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-lt
l 1 o Li
u Clt bull z ~ l pH
V i) j
iJ2
~
1M
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I~~ 0 tx N U
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Z
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031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
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Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
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I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
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Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
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Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
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I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
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-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
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and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
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AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I
I llEPEL-
I TIES
I
I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
I I
I
I
I
I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
-69shy
I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
bullbullbullbull bull bullbull
I NI
Project Number
GM 622
GM 623
GM 626
Gr1627
GM 628
GM 629
GM 6210
PIlliROMONE BEHAVIOR AND ECOLOGY SECTION
Project Title Report rrypc ~
Responses of Male Gypsy Moths to Traps as Affected by the Rate of Pheromone Release
Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths
Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives
Greerillouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations
Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Fonnulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage
Analytical and Bioassay Tests of Glass Slides Coated with Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Methyl Octadecane) Formulations and Aged in a Greenhouse
Interim
Interim
Final
Final
Interim
Final
Final
)H
30
31
34
36
41
43
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull PHYSIOLOGY AND MASS REAHING ~~Icrl1 ON
Project Number Project Title Hcp()rt~~ ~_L
GM 6]1 Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Precooling Storage Techniques Interim JII
GM 6]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period Final 45
GM 6]] The Hatch Rate of L dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg Interim 49
GN 6 ]4 Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Interim 50
G11 6]5 Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation and Development of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techshy
I VJ niques for Rearing and Handling Larval Gypsy Moths Interim 54
I
GI1 6]6 Establishment of Standards for Monitorir~ Performance and Quality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths Preliminary 62
Gl16]7 Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and Development of Effective Sanitation Procedures Preliminary 63
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull -------j~pound~Ill)(r Erojer t rri tJ~ 1~~middotmiddot __ ~ll
GlVl 638 Development of Methods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated lith Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Hath Pr-e l irninary () i
GM 639 Insect Production and Distribution Interim ( r
I j I
III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullI
APPENDIX
Title Page
Appendix 1 Repellents of Late Instar Gypsy Moth Larvae 66
-5shy
II
bullbull
Project Number GM 611 Project Title Laboratory Screening of Candidate Pesticides
Against the Gypsy Moth bull Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
bullbull The main objective of this laboratory screening project is to collect
mortality data on registered and experimental compounds potentially useshyful against the gypsy moth evaluating the data and selecting suitable materials for field testing
The following materials were tested against gypsy moth larvae using the
bulloak seedling test technique
bull
Material Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Mortality
bullABG-6070 Abbott 025 Ib8ozA II 100
012 Ib4ozA II 99 006 Ib2ozA II 97
bulloOJ IblozA II 81
001 Ib gA II 66 Check II 1
bull (05 parts
piperonyl butoxide to 1 part ABG-6070) 02 Ib10ozA II 100
01 Ib 5ozA II 99
bull 005 Ib25ozA II 94 00251bl25ozA II 64 0012 Ib62ozA II 52
Check II 0
bullbull (1 part pipershy
anyl butoxide to 1 part ABG-6070) 02 Ib16ozA II 99
bull01 Ib8ozA II 100
tl 005 Ib4ozA II 97 002 Ib2ozA II 96
001 IblozA II 83 Check II a
bull(2 parts pipershy
bullanyl butoxide to 1 part ABG-6070) 02 Ib24ozA II 100
01 Ib12ozA r 100 005 Ib 6ozA II 99
TT 0025 Ib 3ozA ---L 89 It TT
bullLL0012 Ibl5ozA 65
Check II 1
bull
Days After
Treatment
6 6 6 6 6 6
4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4
-6shy
aer al Company Dosage Tnstar Weather
ABG-J7Q Abbott (L parts piperony1 juoxde to 1 part ASG-6J7D) 02 lb320zA II 100
01 1b160zA II 100 005 1b 80zA II 97 0025 Ib 4ozA II 90
0012 1b 20zA II 86 -r--Check L o
(6 parts pishyperony1 butoxide to 1 Dart ABG-6070) 02 1b640zA II 99
01 Ib320zA II 95 005 Ib16ozA II 94 L 0025 1b 8ozA II 51 L
002 Ib 40ZA II 48 4III
Check II o 4
bullbull (Piperonyl
butoxide only) 10 lbgalA II 5 5 05 lbgalA II 3 5
025 lbga1A II o 5 012 lbga1A II 7 5 006 1bgalA II o r
bull
Check II o 5
bullDecis Procida 0013 IbgalA 11 97 L
00065 IbgalA II 98 LI
1)0032 IbgalA II 89 I
bull
00016 IbgalA II 90 000082 ItgalA II 51 L
Check o L
Decis It 0013 lbgalA II 1 85 L
II 2 78 )
bull II II J 83
I II II
bull
II 1 (J6 Newfilm)
II II 1 (J6 Chevron
bullII
1 Sticker) 4 II 1
(Jo Pinolene Sticker) 4
-7shy
--- -
---
_=shy - -- - --
~Iaterial Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Mortal i -- - ~-= -- = -=- -shy
0ecis Procida 00065 ngalA II 1 65 II 2 66
J II 3 58 fI II 1
(Yo Nu-film 17) 7S L TT 1i--l
(Jlo Chevron Sticker) 41
1 II 1 (50 Pinocene
Sticker) 53 4 00032 lbgalA II 1 59 4
H II 2 56 3 II 3 35 4
00016 IbgalA II 1 34 4 II 2 27 3
H H H II 3 23 4 H H 00008 IbgalA II IH 22 4
H II 2 24 3 II 3H 21 L
Checks a 4 = 0013 lbgalA II (2 hr artificial 1JV light) 100 7
7 ~ 0006) Iblial A II 87 I
bull H
00032 OtciJ i II 28 7
bull H
iI 00016 2- t-gallA I 3L~ 7
I 00008 IbgalA II 20 7 Check 0 7
00013 lbgalA II (4 hr artificial UV light) 90 4
00065 lbgalA II 60 4 00032 IbgalA II 12 4
bullbull H
H
00016 lbgalA II 9 4 00008 IbgalA II 4 4
Check 0 4 OOlJ lbgalA II (2 hr natural
sunlight) 99 6
bull H 00065 l1)galA II 97 6
Ii T~00032 ~bgaA 86 6
bull
H 00016 IbgalA II 67 6 I OOOOEl ItgalA II 35 IJ
Check 0 6 0013 IbgalA IT (4 hr naturalj
sunlight) 66 2 00065 IbgalA TT 32 2_LJ
bull j l irJ i t
00032 ))a-I raquo - 40 2 00016 IbgalA II 29 2
bull
t t OOG08 Ibfla A II H 17 2 Check 0 2
bull -8shy
I
-
-- - ~
2crial Company Dosage l8r-C ~ - --- --_ --shyInstar Weather Agirg - - - -- -- shy
l~FMC 30980 FMC 0062 lbgalA II r -
J~ shy~ O0312 IbgalA II -~ shy~
0015 IbgalA II 58 shy
0007 1bgalA II 16 5 0003 lbga1A II 7 5
Check a 5 0025 lb gaL A II 1 61 7 0012 lbgalA II 1 70 7 0062 1-1_u ga II 1 15 7
bull IIA
0003 ItgalA II 1 5 7 0001 1bgalA TT 1 ij I~1
7
bull
Check II 1 7
middotT 35171 FMC 02 ItgalA II 100 3 01 lbgalA II 100
bull J
005 lbgalA II 100 3
bull 0025 1bgalA II 99 3
0012 1tgalA II 99 3 0006 IbgalA II 99 4 II Tshy
10003 IbgalA 100 L~ 0001 1bgalA II 100
bull 4shy 00007 lbgalA II 97 4
Check 1 4 002 lbga1A II 1 100 5
001 Lb~ Igal- li II 1 100 5I
bull I 0006 IbgalA II 1 100 5
0003 lbg-alA II 1 96 5 0001 lbgalA 1 1 1 90 5
r-
bull TTCheck LL 0
bull - -
~3497 FMC 02 ngalA II 98 4 01 lbgalA II 95 4 005 lbgalA II 87 4 002 IbgalA II 75 L 001 lbgalA II 51 4
bull Check II a 4
002 ngalA II 1 17 6 001 1bga1A II 1 15 6
bull
0006 lbgalA II 1 10 6 0003 ItgalA II 1 7 6 I
n j VUJ
r~ IbgalA II 1 6
bull ~
Check J 6
-_ G li]1C 021 IbgalA II 100 P ~- A 3
010 oIE L II 100 1rl
0052 IbgalA n 100 1
I 0026 IbgalA II 100 1
it 0013 IbgalA II 81 3 0006 1 A 1 I gal II 92 4
TT 4 0003 IbgalA 67L~
11 00016 111 A J fla1 II 29 4 T- 4Check 0J
-9shy
Day
bullbull After
Material Company Do sago Instar Weather Aging Nor tal Lty Treatment
FMC 45498 FMC OO2( middotbgalA II 1 40 5 CJ in 3 ~_ b sal A II 1 L) 5
bull T 000 1r)g-al~A JL 1 25 5
oC() lbira1A II 1 10 5 cooi Hq]lAJ 01lt- II 1 I) 5~
bull
( -le~K II i S
pp 383 leI l~O iJ~Cil A II leo 2
bull I bull A 0) LUI gcU II 100 2
~ ~ S IbgaiA l L 100 3 (1 - TT 3J ~ l-LlasalA 100
bull
A1n gal) II 1
1 1 ] II
I 006 - 90 1 I C03 lgtjga ii 93 6
TT r1 J 001 lbgc11 69 v
OG07 tSr l 1I 49 61ha II
bull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Il 11 9 C~(J) ~J f I-~ ( I J l II 33 6_Ishy
I I P r
~)~DO_ 1-) -al~J I 1 J1 16 5 II TTGlICOO9 b ~S8Jt -t 7 5
j L I p 1 J A (~ w ()C)oLi L U Kctl n IT 1 5 i~t ~(ck 11 0 5
RE-218 RahID - )Haas O lt)c Lgal- II 1 86 J
q (j it(1 I h i t~ 1 A -
-- ~ Clti)L i J II 1 96 3 ll II 1 96 3
~T
o j-1A 1 bullbull 1 64 3
11 1 28 3 -J1C k 0 3
2umithion S tauflaquo n (feY -- lbgalA II 100 Lt
OilS 1b gEtl 1 II (+15 Atlox) 100 Lt p u ) 1b r 1 II (+15 Sorpol) 100 gaL 11- 3
r ] 1-- 13 A ) 5 --I II 1 48 3 11 ~ 05 ugal L Jr 1 ( +15 Atlox) 26 3
o c 1b 13 I A- rr 1 (+15 Sorpo1) 17 1T I raquo ~ 1) 1- 3
o ~ S~ b6d L d II 1 (+ Y6 Rhop1ex Sticker) 100 4
n v- l-bgatA II 2 (+Jib Rhoplex Sticker) CG L
J bull ~
r~ r- bull J 1) gelmiddot i1li L1 3 (+10 Rhonlex Sti~ker) 100 5
o J- ~CJ LA II 1 (+15 Atlox + Y6 Rhoplex
Sticker) reoj)
c o itgalA II 2 (+15 Atlox + 16 Rhoplex
Stickel) 64 4 J tf
lu-r II (+15 Atlox +J r
1A Rhop1ex
Sticker) 81 5
-10shy
bullbullbullbull
~~-P~
81 -~ shyMaterial Company Dosage Instal Weather Aging Mortal qy Irsa =e-
Sumithion Stauf-D ~ npounda 1 Itfer tgt -- II 1 (+15 Sarpal +
7J1 JO Rhaplex
Sticker) 99 L r A (+15 Sorpa1 +0 bull ~
i~lt) l~-oGc I ~- 1) II 2
Jo Rhon1ex Sti~ker) 99 4
~ ~T r) II
~) uI gall it 4l1 3 (1-15 Sorpol + Jo Rhoplex
Sticker) 80 5 fl bull 1 la- 1 A (JS C) t4L f 11 100 41-
I O~ ItgalA II (+15 Atlox) 100 3 - 1 TT itgt C JbgaJ ti -L (+190 Sorpal) 99 3
b egtl~- it L 1 32 3 t-1 TT - 5
ga A J 1 (+15 Atlax) 11 3 r-l
-
I~~ ~ 1-0 ~cl A II III lJ Sarpal)C-_) + ~ 13 30
I A l~l Ill J cV~ II 1 (+ 31~ Rhaplex Sticker) 95 4
TTI hcl~ i CC-- o lL 2 74 6 ( J_ =- gSL Ji 1 3 85 5 t~
~~_ i coEt Ii 1 (+ JIo Atlax + JIo Rhap1ex
Sticker) 97 ) -tshy ~ --T-t - bull l_ 2 (+ Jo Atlcx +
j( Rhoplex Sticker) 71 6
I ~ k_ 5 ( T]~ AtLox +
] lhoplex Sticker) 30
l r~ shy r ~) c~ I J~- 1 1 (+1 Sorpal + JIo Rhoplex
Sticker) 94 4 iI 1 r- g -o l A (+15 Sarpol +-~~ S _ u __ TT
bull_ )LL
JIo llhoplex sticker) 76 6
It r-11
~middot -iA U bLJ II 3 (+15 Sarpal + 3 Rhaplex
Sticker) 66 5 Checks 0 6
VEL 3883 r e1 si~ -r-vshycol _L 1 bC[i~L IA J i 99 6
H J ~~J euromiddotmiddott J A 99 6
fil If o g8 A 100 6
v 1~ - L gLllA ~l 89 o TT L
~ ( J6 (cilA 85 6
L ~E- 1 IA II 77 6 H -j 1-- ~-- ~ -= ~~ 156 _~ _ tdL H II 65 6 I ~ ~ C073 ~L (pound7)1 1~ 1L 26 6 If j ~ r)() )0 1 t A Li 10 6_1
CL~z L 0 6
-11shy
J)----Cl c
~+~---IJ_ ~__
Via terial Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Nortality TrGlt-e
VEL 3883 Velsi shy-1 col 10 lbga1A II -- )
05 1bga1A II 1 ~
II t--~025 1bgalA II 1 2 -012 1bga1A II 1 2 5
006 1bga1A II 1 0 c -Check II 0 )
irk continued with the new SevinID-4-oil formulation The viscos i ty o f ( formulations was tested
bullbullbullbullbull -12shy
The Tri toamp X-190 and Sevint-lt-cil formulation was field tested at
LO Ibs a i qt fA bull 0 uraquo Ell bull I qt I
025 lbs ai qt A
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbull-13shy
This formulation vlaS compar-ed tc SeviIi0-4-oil and kerosene at
10 Ibs ai40ozA0 Ibs aiatA
We are happy to rfport that Orthene-E 75S and Djm51iamp 25 Wp ve rc registered by the Uni ted States Environmental Protection Acncy for gJpsy moth use
Orthene 7SS
By a i r - 23 to 1 1L a i 2 qt H20A
hBy air - 003 to )06 lb a~ I i or 2 galA
The Ot_s laborltory and field rews played a grect part in the success of both mat8ria~81lt
__ltl- IjJSixteen gall ons ly)rthern red oak Jcmiddot-r118 were colI f~ted and stored in
cold storage
A totaI It --~ ~fL)13(ti(~i_l 88-~p~~~~s IT~jl1~ ~eCf~velt ~-()l ~~_8J)Clrato~rr and field tejts
Much of t ru s YCPO]tD peTioieJ STJmiddot~middott work i nr jYJ che field on experimental insecticide plats
A sui +able land-fill for the disposed cd emp ty onc~e( t ic ide containers was Loca t ed in Plainvi Ll Le ]Viaco lhis is about 6C i Les from Otis and is reshycommended by the Boston off i ce of Uni tec f372tes Environmental Protection Agency
Host Laboratory equipment-Ims packed ready for moving into the new building
I~etings
JIr HcLane gave talk 01 th Eftgt eetment made in 1(316 and demonstrated
ec davs in Hyat t svilLe H]) work i ng on apshy
bull
bull
bull
bullbull
bull
bull
bull bull
bull
bull
bullbullbull
Project Number GN 612 Project Title 1976 Field Studhs of Differen~ E()rmulations of
IrlnuLin and Sevin-)-1--0il Report Period April 1 1976 September 30 1976 Report lype P t T TO lecmiddot LJeaGers
Interim Larrry L Herbaugh w H l1cLane C H Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Each year f or the past 3 generation3 the gypsy moth Lymantri8 dispar (L) bas defci Latori thouaands of ac re s of forested Land in t he northeast Because of tht s investigations bTe corrt inual l y be i ng carried out to evaluate new materies and new fITfillations of current registpred ~ateria18
IVlaterlaJs and Methods In 1970 the following rnat0rial~ and fo rmula tions were tested for gypsy moth con t r o l DimiLin op Dilli1in 3middot~ Gil keroser18 Dimilj~rl j middot3 oil + TlitolJ X-190 + water Se~Tin-J-(Jil + kerosene arid Se-rJin-Lt-oil t- TLampt ton xmiddot~ l~)() + JcLtE-r Each ell the maLer-La~_S va s aerially applied to 50 acre plots Hi 3 replicates for ov aLua t i on Table I gives the details on chemical concentration and application rate
IabLs I Details of 19c6 formula t i (lUS field tested
-------------__------------Cllemical Concent ra t ion
and I1a tcrial APl21 Leat_ign Ra te- __ __ _Eerm~middotdlts ___ _
9DVcd a t less than 7) iage expansion
L~_l I in and wateY--ltL
GO scicker added
DimiLin 3 j oil ( 1 1b c 1 AU bull jJ - ct1 oct fl Keroaerie+ KerOS(~rle
I)rrlilirl 3 3 ~)il
-+- Tr5_tor )-19D1- r 3 lb ai gaJI~
water
Se-r]] fl-4-0il + ) SJ Cl IA ~6 middotJZ K81~GSe~ne
Kero serle 10 lb J_~ o~A 8 07 ~Kt-~-cosene
bull ~)~ vin -J i-Cil i -~
bull Se ~i ~L( Lt- 0 i 1
bull11 r X-190
wa teT
bull
bull
Plot Establishrnent TLe test plots were established Ln an area adjacent to the 1975 study area in Clinton COill1ty Peru1sylvania This area met the following requirements (l) a building population in whi ch there had been no Bore than 1 years noticeable defoliation prior to the test year (2) a readily measureabJe population of egg masses and (3) a predominance of preferred host trees (oaks)
Each So acre square plot was laid out by establishing an accessible base corner and plotting boundary lines along compass headings Harkers were placed at 811 four corners for aircraft guidance Within each 50 acre plot 5 s~bplots (01 acre) or sampling units were randomly established These subplots were representative of the entire plot and served as samplshying points throughout the experiment Sampling points were similarly e s tab l i shec in untreated check areas to measure natural ccndi tions
Application The application schedule was de s i gned so that material was to be applied when the majority of the larvae were in the late second inshystar stage and the oak foliage was 50-75 expanded One exception to this was the early treatment of Ililllilin that was applied at early 1st instar when oak foliage was less than ~~ expanded
NatErials were mixed and transferred into the aircraft with conventional equipment (mixing tank pumps hoses measuring devices and necessary safety equipment) All niXing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between each treatment to avoid adulteration Radio communications were maintained be tween the ground conditions of wind velocity and materials dispersement
All plots W8T8 treated wi th a Ces~ma Ag Truck al rcraff e quippe d wi th a hydraulic 3rven 2wpellr pump arid 2 converrt i onai STJT3y system (see Table II) The airplane disperse- the craterial lliS fxd- 3wa-ths at ])1 mph as near to tree top level as po ss Lb l e wi th 5 fTcurcl -ird velocity of less than 5 mph
-15shy
bull 1
bullbull bullbullbullbullbull
------- ------gt-_-------------- shy
I1aterial Noz zl e s Orifice
Di miLi n 2 middotIP 006 It d t falA (eal12l) D8-L5 Q
006 10 2j lsd11A DP-middothS Dd-L[r C006 Ib aigallA
J)imillc J 3 (~1 +
Kerosene 003 it Dlqt 80C2FF
Dimilin 1 ~ 0j J
Tli ton X-I + water
8002FF
05 lb aiqt C~~ 2f ~1
iraquo 1b 3iL_ ozA
o 5 ib middot--1 L
10 Lb 8iL-O D002FF
-Evalll~_tior~ ~~~~)~-h ~--Tn~ZIJ8n t J(~~~ emiddot~Ll1at(-a r~(l1Tl the s tandpo trrt of fo lLage protec t i or -ti16 TC [)J-L t -1 crj T~dJ lt middott~ t
tClt)[[l li~LlfiJ 0stJIuates of t~e deg-ree of I rLo t s a t the termination of larval
) f-L CL[ ~ ~ C~-j Lnl rL~~
CC)Lj]gtajng f~_vJ -- ru t C 3 ~ T j 11~
arI~ pl o C5 b~i prl i ~cd p- I Spmiddotrciy JJ -~~LLtl the ex ~ept~---~~ TLrrli~lL ) ~1 all
7shy k( I~C Smiddot- rlE~ _gti~ ~~ - t -) X-19 1 ) -I 12-(middotmiddot-shy ~L~~- ~)l~j_l-in WF
gtrhi c h ~[c -~1 (~ n( -t~ ~I()X ina te ~Y r~ Ii ~~V 1 tf-~r trea tmsnt
(middot~middotf-_lmiddotmiddotl
)JJ
bullbull
ConoIus ion i PT~~i i nunarv data S11~)W tha t all formuLa r ions o r rljiti~l 8JG
Sevin-L-oLl + kcrosble rave (~xce~_ ent results in larval reductJon FrLlbullegg mass vcount L ~ hi macJe +0 Cetenline i this conoi tion continues to hold true
bull One nitial -()nI~ 1~~-)_~2- th_L~ 3~hOv1=~ oxceLlent po ten LLaI is the fact tIlat DimiLi rs - c P JbfcYi appl ie_l at H20 f viJ E le S8 than S oak f()l~_~tge ~-~(lDsicr~ gave g~o)d f- LJ~~(- p-otmiddotciinl and r-uced l arval actishy
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~ ~- coe DinuLln 25 wP (early) 06 IbgallA
~~ Dimilin 25 vIP (normal) 06 Ib2 qtA
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Sevin-4-oil - Kerosene 1 Ib40 ozA
Dirnilln 33 oil - TXl90shy ~CJter 03 IbqtA
Dimilin 33 oil - Kerosene 03 IbqtA
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~~~ Sevirl--4-oil - Txl90 - Water 25 IbqtA
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-bullbull Ptlo~SNI tuLIIGF f3fiE-1IlN
tV Jgt 0shy co o o o o o o
061bgalA D-lmilin 25 WP (early)
I - I Iebull uO J-o I~ erG i1 JimHin 25 wP (normal) I-rj
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DiJ1lilin 25 l-lP I06 IbgalA to
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25 IbqtA Selin-4-oil - TX1-90 - ltIater
Untreated Checks I
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I I II II III I
II II II II
-
Project Number GM 613 Project Title Field Testing of Ground Applied Insecticides Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Larry L Herbaugh W H McLane C R Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Experimental use permits were received from EPA in early June 1976 for testing Orthene 75S Imidanreg 50 Wp Sevi~) 80S In addishytion to the above Sevin-4-oil with water and NTN 9306 were tested
One-acre plots were established in the Bald Eagle State Forest lands in Centre and Clinton Counties Pennsylvania These plots contained a measureshyable population of gypsy moth eggs and were located in heavily wooded areas representative of campground situations
These plots were established so that they were ca 200 feet square with a small dirt road dividing them Within each one-acre plot two subplots or sampling units were established Each of these illlits comprised 140 of an acre and was placed on each side of the road These 140 acre sampling units were used for all evaluations throughout the program
Application Only a small quantity of materials were needed for application Because of this materials were mixed on site using conventior~l mixing equipment and a nurse tank for a water supply All mixing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between treatments to avoid any adultershya tion
The materials were applied with a John Bean Mist Blower mounted on a 1-12 ton 4-wheel drive truck at the following rates
25 Ib a ir gal H20A
50 lb ai5 gal H20A Orthene 75S 10 It ai5 gal H20A Imidan So Wp 15 Ib ailS gal H20A and Sevin 80S 20 Ib ailS gal H2OA
3S Ib ai5 gal H2OA
Each of these dosages was replicated 3 times for each material
125 Ib ailS gal H20ANTN 9J06 50 Ib ai5 gal H20A
Sevin-4-oil and 20 Ib ailS gal H20A T X-190 + water 35 Ib ailS gal H20A
Evaluation Each treatment was evaluated from the standpoint of percent foliage protection larvae reduction using a 15 foot string count and egg massesacre reduction Tht latter data is not yet available at this vrriting
Foliage protection and larvae reduction are shown in the following table
-20shy
II - II - II II II II II II II - - II II -- shy -Foliage Average Larval String Counts
Material Dosage Protection Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment l 25 Ib ai5 gallA L~9 5 20 46 50 Ib ai5 gallA 667 25 22
10 lb ai5 gallA 854 30 20Imidan 50 wp 15 lb ai5 gallA 580 18 33
20 Ib ai5 gallA 565 2S 16 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 420 33 14
Check - 3middotS 19 8
1O25 Ib ai5 gallA -LL bull 5 26 5 So Ib ailS gallA 620 22 2
10 Ib ailS gallA 43middotS 23 2Sevin 80S 15 Ib ailS gallA 55S 22 1
20 Ib ailS gallA 827 26 1 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 894 2S S
Check - So 42 40
2S Ib ai5 gallA 800 29 6
50 lb ailS gallA 911-1 25 3 10 Ib ailS gallA SlLtO 26 2
NI Orthene 7SS ~J
15 Ib ailS gallA 9)-1-0 29 0 I 20 Ib ailS gallA 940 22 0
35 Ib ai5 gallA 940 19 0 Check - 7S 48 Sl
Sevin-4-oil + 20 1b ailS gallA 770 39 6 T X-190 + H2O 35 Ib ai5 gallA 870 3S 9
12S Ib ailS gallA 750 15 1NTH 9306 5 Ib ailS gallA 730 IS 2
oCheck - 20 10j
l Post-treatment readings based on 5th day after treatment
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Conclusion Initial results show that Imidan~ 50 Wp gave ca 5~o folia~~ protection and ca 16 larval reduction at the 3 higher dosages
SevillE 80S gave ca 76 foliage protection and ca 99 reduction in larval activity at the 3 higher dosages
Orthenereg 758 gave ca 94 foliage protection and ca 100 larval control at the 3 higher dosages
In comparison the two new formulations of Sevin-4-oil and T X-190 and H20 and NTN 9306 gave ca 8~o and 74 foliage protection respectively and ca 78 and 87 reduction in larval activity respectively
Data in the following table indicate that Orthene0) 758 and Sevi~ 80S will give the greatest degree of foliage protection as well as reducing larval activity on a 15 foot string count
-22shy
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II I)
Project Number GM 614 Proj8ct Title Evaluation of Pesticides for Browntail Moth Report Period April 1 1976 - September 31 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
The primary objective of this p~oject is to screen candidate materials against the browntail moth
Orthene reg was the only material tested against brown tail larvae
Dosage Instar 110rtali ty Days
After Treatment
1 IbaigalA II 92 2 05 IbaigalA II 100 2 025 IbaigalA II 96 2 012 IbaigalA II 90 2 006lbaigalA II 98 2 Check II loS 2
Mr McLane Mr Stockbridge Mr Stelle Mr Mosley and Mr Cartier met with Cape Cod National Seashore personnel to discuss future broNQtail work on the Cape A 5 year program was proposed as a result of the meeting and phone conversations vi th the Department of Interior and APHIS personnel
1976 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil ground plots with Sevin 80S
1977 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil Pyrethrin and Dimilin
1978 Select the most promising from the ones experimentally tested in 1976 and 1977 treat the entire infestation on Cape Cod using aircraft backpacks and mistblowers
1979 Clean up any infestation left
1980 Clean up any infestation left
However after a meeting wi th the Seashore Advisory Committee park super-shyintendent Hadley made a decision that no spraying should be done Q~til
the committee was informed of our plans and their approval was obtained To date this meeting has not come about
Meetings
Area I Managerial Meeting Hartford Corill Mr McLane gave a talk on the proposed 5 year broivntai1 moth program for Cape Cod Mass
Mr McLane met with Mr J KilIan Chief Environmentalist for the Cape Cod National Seashore to discuss the brovrrtaiL problem at the Seashore
-23shy
bullbullbullbull II II
bull II II II II
bullbullbullbullbull
Project Number (~riI 6l5 Project Title Regulatory Treatments (Laboratory - Field) Report Period AfrE 1 1976 - September W 1976 Report TJpe Irl tertIa Project Leaders Winfred H McLane L Ii Herbaugh J A Einney
The lack of effective treatment methods fer recreational vehicles and mobile homes is a major dficipncy Ll the APHIS Gypsy Hath regulatory program Slt1xpcIimentcl laboratory and field tests are conducted to develop improved techniques for cP2ling iii tt thi s and other r811atory problems
On December 191175 a residue test I2S s tartlaquo Nt) 7 irs(~ctiGiles Tvo hundr-ed tar paper squares (6 x 6) each were treated with insectjcide using amp c 5 It aita1 soLut i on SevfTI insecticideswere tested with 1 set of tar paper used fUJ a check The papers were treated to the point of runshyoff Half of t he paper-s were aged oucdoor-s tacked under (4 x 8) sheets of masonite haI f were hs Ld inside the laboratory Norie were exposed to sunlight
Ten newly h~tchd sectYl)sy noth larvae were exposed to tar paper sheets at 10 day Lnte rval a iC)r the f i r s t lCO days of aging fo Llowing treatment This was achieve by pLacing +he paper in a cyl inrrricaL cardboard container wi th artificial di et lt J10rta1 ity readings were( made after 24 hours and L8 hours
Mortality Hr- JJarvae Exposed After Naterial Aged
Material ~___ to IvIaterial U)() Days 200 Das 260 Lays
DDT 50 vp Insil1Ff lGO 100 32 inside ~CJO 100 100
0Outside 100 jlt 20 UlI1sideuro- 100 100 100
Resmethrin Inside 24 28 (EC) Inside )-8 oP R4 I ~)
IJutfLfle 24 28 48 7)-
SBP-l Sl) 2L R(8C) Ll~middot
OJ 9C -I iOe
96
10 1f)C
bullbull II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
bullbull
I10rtality Hr La~Jae Exposed After Ha terial
laterial Aged to r1aterial 100 Days 200 Days 26C Daye
Phoxin Inside 24 100 98 100 (EC) IIlside 48 100 100 100
Outs i de 24 100 100 100 Outside La 100 100 100
Pyrenone Inside 2L+ 34 46 2 (EC) insLde 48 60 72 46
cdOutside --I~ 38 16 a Outside I+8 61~ +2 28
I1onitor Inside ~I lUO )eLf 78 (L
G~)(EC) 118 1)0 100 Outsids 2Li 66 46
ooOutside LiS i(JO z jLi
) I Check Inside - -t 5~middot 26 0 - j
Insid~ hB ~L gt+ 6 l)uttir~c 4 20 2 Cllt3ide- ~t~~ t ~ 1+0 6
Based on Laboratrrv rfsul tc lJresented in the IJst report a field test was started August 3 196 with Iop Job pine scent wax [ax remover Dimilin and fire ex t ingui shcr agent Ten egg masses are be ing treated each month from August 3 197C unt i I April 1 1977 Five masses are being covered wi th black building paper and S are being left exposed lhree dosages of each material are being usel along wi th a check
During April 1977 211 eggs will be col Lec ted and incubated in the labora-middot tory for hatch If hatch can hi pr2vented it may be possible to uae one or more of thlaquo materials as a treatment on tr_L18rs and RVs
To date 3 t reatments haveJeer made
On June 23 19761+ uate r i al s (Sevin (583 S8 [n-i~-il Orthene and Lrridan ) most generally used f Jr gypsy mot h control h~ sprayed -+0 the poi rrt of runshyoff on 110 acre plots us ing a back-pack mist~jL)1er Dosago s usee were same as rec()mmeIldw~ in ths APHIS recillatorJ rnanual
Every 3 day fo11ovrC9 tl(~atment rliage was c oll eo te d and Lioassaysd against 3ro instar Larvae 1fCt~middot~ 72 hour lrtality reading being mado After 9middot days treated foliag wal stiLl givirfL~_2[pound211eln mortalitx
q ~[ortality After Material L Days Ul Days lC s3[S _
Sevin 8)3
Sev-inmiddotmiddotL-Gil OrtbeEe Imidan Check 17
--
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bullbullbullbull
II
Project Number GM 616 Project Title Field Testing of Javenile Hormone Analogs for Ovicidal
Activity Report Period Anril 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Itterim Project Leaders Charles P Schwa2be A P Norris
The juvenile hormone analogs Al tozar lE and ZR-t19 SE have been reported as having ovicidal properties When gypsy moth 8fg nasses are deposited on recently treated surfaces hat chab iLi ty yf 8ggS is reduced ZR-619 also appears to inhibit female moths from layingjhriT full complement of eggs Compounds with these properties may be user1 fOT regulatory treatments
Boles of white and red oak trees -lere sprayed foe tho point of ruri-off with water emulsions of Altozar and ZR-619 at 8g1 Ireatsents were aged for 1 3 7 14 21 and 28 days before bioassay At tb~ end of each aging period S or more 3 day old mated female moths from f Le Ld collected pupae were imprisoned on each of S trees (total ()f 25 replicatestreatment) Ihere were 10 replicates (2 trees) for each control The female moths that deposited egg masses were recovered (generally after one day) placed in polyethylene bags and frOZet111D riI they could be dissected to determine the number of unl a i d eggs Egg masses wiI 1 be coJlscted from the treated and control surfaces during IlecembQr 1976 an~ tested for embryonation parasi tization and ha tchabiLt ty
Females from the 1 3 7 and 28 day exposure pe r i ous have been dissected and unlaid eggs counted The results are shovn by the accompanying tab Le Preliminarily it appears that with the excep ti on of the 1 day ZR-61) treatment there was no effect of treatment on the nurnbe r of eggs laid by female moths It is interesting to note that laboratoryreaTf3(J tno th s were useci for the 1 day ZR-6l9 trea tluent Dcotailed disCUSSJCiD 01 thesA data will be deferred until all ]~eSl--l ts OCl egg smbryona t i on parc~si_ t i zation and hatchability have been obtained
-26shy
-----------
middot-------_ bullbullbull _~ bullbull EGGS lJlI11AID EY FENALES EXPOSED TO TRUNKS pHEATED WITH ALTOZAR 4E lIJm ZRmiddot-619 SE
Q2Y2129ynd
Iiays Treatment
ampif_~i
Numbe-r of Used
_fre~ t Control
Females Recovered
Tle~t __CoDjl~_
Numbe-r Unlaid Eggs Total Average
1reaJ_Qonto L)~1Zs~J_-0ontro1
Al i008) ) E~
ZI -~ I~~ 19 ~I~~
I
J 36 c )
14 Ij(1
32 ~
1 f 1~Lr
13 123[3 7G34
380 1797
387 )36
271 138 ~)
A1 t ozar I
11-- S1 C] ~ --
3
3 L~O
50 16 T1-s 1shy
30 ~)8
If) 1 -Llt
1394 1519
619 - (1 I
J-~
L+65 5hJ
Lf 13 493
A1 t-IZ~lX )~r~
~~R-C ~L9 ~jE
i ~ r ~O
Igt ~ c
15 18
J- 39
11 1 I LL4
104)~ l1-rr
660 F3S5
J26 292
508 632
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-~Ti lt(j1 r)
Altozar wE Z11-(19 SE
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25 27
3j
30
12 -
-ii
14 IS
2S ~) ~
25 2S
10 1U
11 J 2
805 sed
1059 1398
2L~6 r(0
JJSO 9
2 3)
Li24 5)9
25() 6
12~ 7 391
JfJrtttcry r~ared iEIalCs ant] m3Jl~ used aUJthers ere fr-om f iel d collected pupae
bullbull Project Number GM 622
bull Project Title Responses of ~Ble Gypsy Moths to Traps as AffecteC ~
the PeatE of Pheromone Release Report Period April I 1976 - Septe~ber 30 1976
bullbull
Report Type Errcer im Project Leaders Charles P Sch~Lb2 E C Paszek
Preliminary trapping experiments with disparlure indicated that attracti-veshyness is affected by the rJte at which the pheromone is released from the trap Large amount s of lure seemed 0 have an inhfb i torr or repellent effect ConfLrmatorv studies were planned in which multiples of Corrre Ic fibers would be used to bait standaTd delta traps in order to define the pheromone ls1ea8e rate at which maxinnna attradiveness 10 sul ted Such inshyformation would be 2xcPPdingly useful in pI(eparnf specifications for comshy
bull mercial production of progTam pheromone dispenpers Unfortunately certain difficulties vpre encYLmtered in developing a sound expemiddotrinental program and it was suggested that this work be carried out by scientists at the
bullPennsylvania Stat Uni ve r-si ty Freliminary date have been made available to us but we 8re unable to uti I izhen in this report
bullExperiments in tti- pr)j0ct aCil Cl conduc tcd in collaboration with the ARS Optically active enantiCnj2rs of cis-Jlrparhrre were generously made available by Dr NarU1n(j~ Nagoya Uruve r-s i vs Iagoya Japan The objective of the tests was to determine the attractiveness (or other biological
bull properties) of tIl optically active ~nantiomers of disparlure Similar experiments were conducted by scientists from Nlchigan State University and the New York and C~~1nectiut State Agricultural Experimerct Stations
bullbullThese tests weI c onduc tcd in a natural infestation in FaTl River State Porest ILl lraps gtJere baited wit[ cc t t on dentJ wicks to which had been applied the indicated amcunt s of ( ) and-) (-) disparlure Delta traps were used in all ttsts i)fj a 25 III grid pat tfJ~11 rh) numbe r- of malt motho captured gtl2S reeordec c regular LrrtsrvaLs
In one experim8~lt the attrac tivene ns of racemic d i apar-I ure was compared with that of (+) enarrti omar Ihe rssults of middotshi test are given in Table 1
Table I Number of moths captur-sd il trans middotcLti ted with varying amount s elf racemic and optically active Hsparlure
1 L
lCCJC
------------------__-----_ _--__------shy
II II These ltlata clearly reflect -gt0 superior attractancy of the (+) enarrt iore r
compared with that of racemic mate r i al Approximately 10 X more raoths were captured with 100 ug (+) disP8rlure than with an equal amount of racemic pheromone Unfor-tuna te Ly limited amounts of the enantiomers
II prohibited testing at dosages gTeater than 10C ug and therefore it is
II not known if greater dosages woull -Lead to repeLten t or inhibitory effects It should also be noted that the Jptically active material contained ca 66 of its an t i podo Hirhly puCified pbermiddot~Cwj~e would likely yield someshywhat different data Ih_u is the first rcpc--t of 3~ clear relationship beshytween dosage and r-e sponee wheIc n_creased ple romone concentration y-ields a corresponding increase in ruoth response
II In another test the inhLbi t ory properties ()f t1gt (-) s nant iomar- were quantified deti3rrninirlg tile at t ractivenes (~r var i cus ratios of (+) and (-) disparlure These lata a~e presented n Table I
bull Table II NWllber of riaLe mo trs captured in tIP -x1ited with various
t~r8rltiomer ra tios
bull ----- -~---_ I shy
ugtraJ ug -) per Average catch ( -I- ) -i- _----LQ_ llg ~~_ J2eL_tmiddotr~a=p _
9 jL o (I te 936 1 1 75 120
c99 _J j 3-68 63 I
bull J 00 ioo L+ 12 ~ ~I I ) 380 32
bull L159 59 ~ 08
As addi tiCmiddot] iJlCgt1EltS oi (-) middotnre tdded V_ ij CZS ccntaiuing 10 uij (+) a t tr-activene ss 22di~J jmiddotrc~8s-(~ dsmonc2at~E the Lnhib i tOIJ nature
Yn t he ( c-~ j bull_ 1 m n - v 11+ i (1 60L f th01 rllt~ - 11 ccuUCc JgO_Ll -l_~e au k bull t-_f- CO bullbull oa~ne I )0 0 v bull e
II bull ) - -- n -I- f- - ~ 1 s +--- +- bull - -- - f ( rl J l dOppOSle c_Dctl_bull )Eler hie e_ua ar tr-ac mvene so O~ + -LlSpar_Ure COU
Dot be ceteIlied ~~xt-aTJ)lation of the p]ttcCc data suggests that 9Cf~ (+) disp2rl1lle 1~Cl~_middot(J cap turv 15-~() t i mes a iafr ~ioths as TaGer-tic phero-shymane at tho 10 -cC -2vel
A rnore 6ta-iled -report i s cur-rentIy ceins- lYr-pT~P( JJ_C pub lication The manuacrLpt -middotimiddotL 1 c~ i ~11 uIsd ~ n tho nex t LacL8tcr_~ P~ IJort
Project Number GM 623 Project Title Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leader Charles P Schwalbe
There is no progress to report on this project A prototype apparatus is being assembled which will permit systematic evaluation of various collection substrates Recent papers report successful collection of airborn volatiles on Porapak Q and Molecular sieve If quantitative collection of disparlure from female moths is s11ccessful pheromone emission will be used as a standard for determining quality of insects mass reared under various conditions
I I I I I
-30shy
I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I
Project Number GM 626 Project Title Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leader Edward C Paszek
Tree Tanglefoot a natural product made from castor oil gum resins and vegetable wax was used as an adhesive for sJPSY moth traps for )6 years 1913-1969 It was replaced in 1970 with Tack Trap a synthetic plastic type adhesive (polyisobutylene) which was less costly and through field testing found to be more effective than Tree Tanglefoot in holding capshytured moths in a trap Tack Trap has gone up in price fr-om $0421b in 1970 to $130lb in 1976 A number of companies are marketing synthetic sticky compounds to protect trees from climbing insects and as bird reshypellants These compounds were compared with Tack Trap and Tree Tanglefoot to determine their effectiveness in holding ca~tured ~psy moths
8plusmn5 of the following six compounds were weighed and applied to approxishymately 286 cm2 of the interior surface area of Delta traps An aging study on 12 these open traps was conducted in the greenhouse at a tempshyerature range of 10degC to 32degC for 5) months (119-62376) A field bioassay was made on 71476 after 6 months of aging in a natural infestshyation followed by a laboratory bioassay 91676 after 8 months of aging
Table I Mean number of 6 Boths per trap after 1 hour field bioassay in heavy infestation 24 hour laboratory chamber bioassay with )00 released 6 moths
Field Laboratory
Tack Trap (new sample) 145 60 Bird Iang1efoot 120 90 Excelcide Bird Repellant 105 200 Tack Trap (old sample) t10 105 Stikem-Special Iree Tanglefoot
6S o r
14)1)
After 6 months of aging in open traps Tack Prap Bird Ianglefoot Excelshycide Bird Repellant and Stikem-Special held captur-ed native moths Tree Tanglefoot glazed over and was a poor adhesive When bioassayed Ln a laboratory chamber after 8 months oflging vri it released moths many moths entered and fLev out of the traps indcating that the adhe sive tend to dry out and stiffen after Long periods of aging
The remaining samples were stored folded flat on the shelf in a closed paper carton at room te~perature (approxi~ately 22C) B~th sets of traps were weighed after 6 weeks of aging (3176) to deterwiu8 weight loss of the adhesives due to voLat i Liza t i on of solvents
-ushy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
-32shy
bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II II II II
bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
-----
Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
- 34shy-
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
-35shy
II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
-shy
CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
I -v f)
I
10
bullbull C N
bull 0shy-It)---
C) ~
~ et
gtshy ~
-lt
l 1 o Li
u Clt bull z ~ l pH
V i) j
iJ2
~
1M
Ibull
0= I~U Z
I~~ 0 tx N U
Z ~
pound0 t
~ N ()
I~ I
+ J ~ J
a U Z
-Ro o
-J
o a ~
Z
o o 0 o- 00 ~
031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
-49shy
I I
Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
I I
-50shy
I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
I I I I I I I
Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
I I I I
I II
I I
I I
Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
I
I
I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
I
I I I I I I I
-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
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and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
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I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
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IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
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AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
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~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
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TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull PHYSIOLOGY AND MASS REAHING ~~Icrl1 ON
Project Number Project Title Hcp()rt~~ ~_L
GM 6]1 Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Precooling Storage Techniques Interim JII
GM 6]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period Final 45
GM 6]] The Hatch Rate of L dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg Interim 49
GN 6 ]4 Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Interim 50
G11 6]5 Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation and Development of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techshy
I VJ niques for Rearing and Handling Larval Gypsy Moths Interim 54
I
GI1 6]6 Establishment of Standards for Monitorir~ Performance and Quality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths Preliminary 62
Gl16]7 Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and Development of Effective Sanitation Procedures Preliminary 63
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull -------j~pound~Ill)(r Erojer t rri tJ~ 1~~middotmiddot __ ~ll
GlVl 638 Development of Methods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated lith Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Hath Pr-e l irninary () i
GM 639 Insect Production and Distribution Interim ( r
I j I
III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullI
APPENDIX
Title Page
Appendix 1 Repellents of Late Instar Gypsy Moth Larvae 66
-5shy
II
bullbull
Project Number GM 611 Project Title Laboratory Screening of Candidate Pesticides
Against the Gypsy Moth bull Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
bullbull The main objective of this laboratory screening project is to collect
mortality data on registered and experimental compounds potentially useshyful against the gypsy moth evaluating the data and selecting suitable materials for field testing
The following materials were tested against gypsy moth larvae using the
bulloak seedling test technique
bull
Material Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Mortality
bullABG-6070 Abbott 025 Ib8ozA II 100
012 Ib4ozA II 99 006 Ib2ozA II 97
bulloOJ IblozA II 81
001 Ib gA II 66 Check II 1
bull (05 parts
piperonyl butoxide to 1 part ABG-6070) 02 Ib10ozA II 100
01 Ib 5ozA II 99
bull 005 Ib25ozA II 94 00251bl25ozA II 64 0012 Ib62ozA II 52
Check II 0
bullbull (1 part pipershy
anyl butoxide to 1 part ABG-6070) 02 Ib16ozA II 99
bull01 Ib8ozA II 100
tl 005 Ib4ozA II 97 002 Ib2ozA II 96
001 IblozA II 83 Check II a
bull(2 parts pipershy
bullanyl butoxide to 1 part ABG-6070) 02 Ib24ozA II 100
01 Ib12ozA r 100 005 Ib 6ozA II 99
TT 0025 Ib 3ozA ---L 89 It TT
bullLL0012 Ibl5ozA 65
Check II 1
bull
Days After
Treatment
6 6 6 6 6 6
4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4
-6shy
aer al Company Dosage Tnstar Weather
ABG-J7Q Abbott (L parts piperony1 juoxde to 1 part ASG-6J7D) 02 lb320zA II 100
01 1b160zA II 100 005 1b 80zA II 97 0025 Ib 4ozA II 90
0012 1b 20zA II 86 -r--Check L o
(6 parts pishyperony1 butoxide to 1 Dart ABG-6070) 02 1b640zA II 99
01 Ib320zA II 95 005 Ib16ozA II 94 L 0025 1b 8ozA II 51 L
002 Ib 40ZA II 48 4III
Check II o 4
bullbull (Piperonyl
butoxide only) 10 lbgalA II 5 5 05 lbgalA II 3 5
025 lbga1A II o 5 012 lbga1A II 7 5 006 1bgalA II o r
bull
Check II o 5
bullDecis Procida 0013 IbgalA 11 97 L
00065 IbgalA II 98 LI
1)0032 IbgalA II 89 I
bull
00016 IbgalA II 90 000082 ItgalA II 51 L
Check o L
Decis It 0013 lbgalA II 1 85 L
II 2 78 )
bull II II J 83
I II II
bull
II 1 (J6 Newfilm)
II II 1 (J6 Chevron
bullII
1 Sticker) 4 II 1
(Jo Pinolene Sticker) 4
-7shy
--- -
---
_=shy - -- - --
~Iaterial Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Mortal i -- - ~-= -- = -=- -shy
0ecis Procida 00065 ngalA II 1 65 II 2 66
J II 3 58 fI II 1
(Yo Nu-film 17) 7S L TT 1i--l
(Jlo Chevron Sticker) 41
1 II 1 (50 Pinocene
Sticker) 53 4 00032 lbgalA II 1 59 4
H II 2 56 3 II 3 35 4
00016 IbgalA II 1 34 4 II 2 27 3
H H H II 3 23 4 H H 00008 IbgalA II IH 22 4
H II 2 24 3 II 3H 21 L
Checks a 4 = 0013 lbgalA II (2 hr artificial 1JV light) 100 7
7 ~ 0006) Iblial A II 87 I
bull H
00032 OtciJ i II 28 7
bull H
iI 00016 2- t-gallA I 3L~ 7
I 00008 IbgalA II 20 7 Check 0 7
00013 lbgalA II (4 hr artificial UV light) 90 4
00065 lbgalA II 60 4 00032 IbgalA II 12 4
bullbull H
H
00016 lbgalA II 9 4 00008 IbgalA II 4 4
Check 0 4 OOlJ lbgalA II (2 hr natural
sunlight) 99 6
bull H 00065 l1)galA II 97 6
Ii T~00032 ~bgaA 86 6
bull
H 00016 IbgalA II 67 6 I OOOOEl ItgalA II 35 IJ
Check 0 6 0013 IbgalA IT (4 hr naturalj
sunlight) 66 2 00065 IbgalA TT 32 2_LJ
bull j l irJ i t
00032 ))a-I raquo - 40 2 00016 IbgalA II 29 2
bull
t t OOG08 Ibfla A II H 17 2 Check 0 2
bull -8shy
I
-
-- - ~
2crial Company Dosage l8r-C ~ - --- --_ --shyInstar Weather Agirg - - - -- -- shy
l~FMC 30980 FMC 0062 lbgalA II r -
J~ shy~ O0312 IbgalA II -~ shy~
0015 IbgalA II 58 shy
0007 1bgalA II 16 5 0003 lbga1A II 7 5
Check a 5 0025 lb gaL A II 1 61 7 0012 lbgalA II 1 70 7 0062 1-1_u ga II 1 15 7
bull IIA
0003 ItgalA II 1 5 7 0001 1bgalA TT 1 ij I~1
7
bull
Check II 1 7
middotT 35171 FMC 02 ItgalA II 100 3 01 lbgalA II 100
bull J
005 lbgalA II 100 3
bull 0025 1bgalA II 99 3
0012 1tgalA II 99 3 0006 IbgalA II 99 4 II Tshy
10003 IbgalA 100 L~ 0001 1bgalA II 100
bull 4shy 00007 lbgalA II 97 4
Check 1 4 002 lbga1A II 1 100 5
001 Lb~ Igal- li II 1 100 5I
bull I 0006 IbgalA II 1 100 5
0003 lbg-alA II 1 96 5 0001 lbgalA 1 1 1 90 5
r-
bull TTCheck LL 0
bull - -
~3497 FMC 02 ngalA II 98 4 01 lbgalA II 95 4 005 lbgalA II 87 4 002 IbgalA II 75 L 001 lbgalA II 51 4
bull Check II a 4
002 ngalA II 1 17 6 001 1bga1A II 1 15 6
bull
0006 lbgalA II 1 10 6 0003 ItgalA II 1 7 6 I
n j VUJ
r~ IbgalA II 1 6
bull ~
Check J 6
-_ G li]1C 021 IbgalA II 100 P ~- A 3
010 oIE L II 100 1rl
0052 IbgalA n 100 1
I 0026 IbgalA II 100 1
it 0013 IbgalA II 81 3 0006 1 A 1 I gal II 92 4
TT 4 0003 IbgalA 67L~
11 00016 111 A J fla1 II 29 4 T- 4Check 0J
-9shy
Day
bullbull After
Material Company Do sago Instar Weather Aging Nor tal Lty Treatment
FMC 45498 FMC OO2( middotbgalA II 1 40 5 CJ in 3 ~_ b sal A II 1 L) 5
bull T 000 1r)g-al~A JL 1 25 5
oC() lbira1A II 1 10 5 cooi Hq]lAJ 01lt- II 1 I) 5~
bull
( -le~K II i S
pp 383 leI l~O iJ~Cil A II leo 2
bull I bull A 0) LUI gcU II 100 2
~ ~ S IbgaiA l L 100 3 (1 - TT 3J ~ l-LlasalA 100
bull
A1n gal) II 1
1 1 ] II
I 006 - 90 1 I C03 lgtjga ii 93 6
TT r1 J 001 lbgc11 69 v
OG07 tSr l 1I 49 61ha II
bull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Il 11 9 C~(J) ~J f I-~ ( I J l II 33 6_Ishy
I I P r
~)~DO_ 1-) -al~J I 1 J1 16 5 II TTGlICOO9 b ~S8Jt -t 7 5
j L I p 1 J A (~ w ()C)oLi L U Kctl n IT 1 5 i~t ~(ck 11 0 5
RE-218 RahID - )Haas O lt)c Lgal- II 1 86 J
q (j it(1 I h i t~ 1 A -
-- ~ Clti)L i J II 1 96 3 ll II 1 96 3
~T
o j-1A 1 bullbull 1 64 3
11 1 28 3 -J1C k 0 3
2umithion S tauflaquo n (feY -- lbgalA II 100 Lt
OilS 1b gEtl 1 II (+15 Atlox) 100 Lt p u ) 1b r 1 II (+15 Sorpol) 100 gaL 11- 3
r ] 1-- 13 A ) 5 --I II 1 48 3 11 ~ 05 ugal L Jr 1 ( +15 Atlox) 26 3
o c 1b 13 I A- rr 1 (+15 Sorpo1) 17 1T I raquo ~ 1) 1- 3
o ~ S~ b6d L d II 1 (+ Y6 Rhop1ex Sticker) 100 4
n v- l-bgatA II 2 (+Jib Rhoplex Sticker) CG L
J bull ~
r~ r- bull J 1) gelmiddot i1li L1 3 (+10 Rhonlex Sti~ker) 100 5
o J- ~CJ LA II 1 (+15 Atlox + Y6 Rhoplex
Sticker) reoj)
c o itgalA II 2 (+15 Atlox + 16 Rhoplex
Stickel) 64 4 J tf
lu-r II (+15 Atlox +J r
1A Rhop1ex
Sticker) 81 5
-10shy
bullbullbullbull
~~-P~
81 -~ shyMaterial Company Dosage Instal Weather Aging Mortal qy Irsa =e-
Sumithion Stauf-D ~ npounda 1 Itfer tgt -- II 1 (+15 Sarpal +
7J1 JO Rhaplex
Sticker) 99 L r A (+15 Sorpa1 +0 bull ~
i~lt) l~-oGc I ~- 1) II 2
Jo Rhon1ex Sti~ker) 99 4
~ ~T r) II
~) uI gall it 4l1 3 (1-15 Sorpol + Jo Rhoplex
Sticker) 80 5 fl bull 1 la- 1 A (JS C) t4L f 11 100 41-
I O~ ItgalA II (+15 Atlox) 100 3 - 1 TT itgt C JbgaJ ti -L (+190 Sorpal) 99 3
b egtl~- it L 1 32 3 t-1 TT - 5
ga A J 1 (+15 Atlax) 11 3 r-l
-
I~~ ~ 1-0 ~cl A II III lJ Sarpal)C-_) + ~ 13 30
I A l~l Ill J cV~ II 1 (+ 31~ Rhaplex Sticker) 95 4
TTI hcl~ i CC-- o lL 2 74 6 ( J_ =- gSL Ji 1 3 85 5 t~
~~_ i coEt Ii 1 (+ JIo Atlax + JIo Rhap1ex
Sticker) 97 ) -tshy ~ --T-t - bull l_ 2 (+ Jo Atlcx +
j( Rhoplex Sticker) 71 6
I ~ k_ 5 ( T]~ AtLox +
] lhoplex Sticker) 30
l r~ shy r ~) c~ I J~- 1 1 (+1 Sorpal + JIo Rhoplex
Sticker) 94 4 iI 1 r- g -o l A (+15 Sarpol +-~~ S _ u __ TT
bull_ )LL
JIo llhoplex sticker) 76 6
It r-11
~middot -iA U bLJ II 3 (+15 Sarpal + 3 Rhaplex
Sticker) 66 5 Checks 0 6
VEL 3883 r e1 si~ -r-vshycol _L 1 bC[i~L IA J i 99 6
H J ~~J euromiddotmiddott J A 99 6
fil If o g8 A 100 6
v 1~ - L gLllA ~l 89 o TT L
~ ( J6 (cilA 85 6
L ~E- 1 IA II 77 6 H -j 1-- ~-- ~ -= ~~ 156 _~ _ tdL H II 65 6 I ~ ~ C073 ~L (pound7)1 1~ 1L 26 6 If j ~ r)() )0 1 t A Li 10 6_1
CL~z L 0 6
-11shy
J)----Cl c
~+~---IJ_ ~__
Via terial Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Nortality TrGlt-e
VEL 3883 Velsi shy-1 col 10 lbga1A II -- )
05 1bga1A II 1 ~
II t--~025 1bgalA II 1 2 -012 1bga1A II 1 2 5
006 1bga1A II 1 0 c -Check II 0 )
irk continued with the new SevinID-4-oil formulation The viscos i ty o f ( formulations was tested
bullbullbullbullbull -12shy
The Tri toamp X-190 and Sevint-lt-cil formulation was field tested at
LO Ibs a i qt fA bull 0 uraquo Ell bull I qt I
025 lbs ai qt A
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbull-13shy
This formulation vlaS compar-ed tc SeviIi0-4-oil and kerosene at
10 Ibs ai40ozA0 Ibs aiatA
We are happy to rfport that Orthene-E 75S and Djm51iamp 25 Wp ve rc registered by the Uni ted States Environmental Protection Acncy for gJpsy moth use
Orthene 7SS
By a i r - 23 to 1 1L a i 2 qt H20A
hBy air - 003 to )06 lb a~ I i or 2 galA
The Ot_s laborltory and field rews played a grect part in the success of both mat8ria~81lt
__ltl- IjJSixteen gall ons ly)rthern red oak Jcmiddot-r118 were colI f~ted and stored in
cold storage
A totaI It --~ ~fL)13(ti(~i_l 88-~p~~~~s IT~jl1~ ~eCf~velt ~-()l ~~_8J)Clrato~rr and field tejts
Much of t ru s YCPO]tD peTioieJ STJmiddot~middott work i nr jYJ che field on experimental insecticide plats
A sui +able land-fill for the disposed cd emp ty onc~e( t ic ide containers was Loca t ed in Plainvi Ll Le ]Viaco lhis is about 6C i Les from Otis and is reshycommended by the Boston off i ce of Uni tec f372tes Environmental Protection Agency
Host Laboratory equipment-Ims packed ready for moving into the new building
I~etings
JIr HcLane gave talk 01 th Eftgt eetment made in 1(316 and demonstrated
ec davs in Hyat t svilLe H]) work i ng on apshy
bull
bull
bull
bullbull
bull
bull
bull bull
bull
bull
bullbullbull
Project Number GN 612 Project Title 1976 Field Studhs of Differen~ E()rmulations of
IrlnuLin and Sevin-)-1--0il Report Period April 1 1976 September 30 1976 Report lype P t T TO lecmiddot LJeaGers
Interim Larrry L Herbaugh w H l1cLane C H Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Each year f or the past 3 generation3 the gypsy moth Lymantri8 dispar (L) bas defci Latori thouaands of ac re s of forested Land in t he northeast Because of tht s investigations bTe corrt inual l y be i ng carried out to evaluate new materies and new fITfillations of current registpred ~ateria18
IVlaterlaJs and Methods In 1970 the following rnat0rial~ and fo rmula tions were tested for gypsy moth con t r o l DimiLin op Dilli1in 3middot~ Gil keroser18 Dimilj~rl j middot3 oil + TlitolJ X-190 + water Se~Tin-J-(Jil + kerosene arid Se-rJin-Lt-oil t- TLampt ton xmiddot~ l~)() + JcLtE-r Each ell the maLer-La~_S va s aerially applied to 50 acre plots Hi 3 replicates for ov aLua t i on Table I gives the details on chemical concentration and application rate
IabLs I Details of 19c6 formula t i (lUS field tested
-------------__------------Cllemical Concent ra t ion
and I1a tcrial APl21 Leat_ign Ra te- __ __ _Eerm~middotdlts ___ _
9DVcd a t less than 7) iage expansion
L~_l I in and wateY--ltL
GO scicker added
DimiLin 3 j oil ( 1 1b c 1 AU bull jJ - ct1 oct fl Keroaerie+ KerOS(~rle
I)rrlilirl 3 3 ~)il
-+- Tr5_tor )-19D1- r 3 lb ai gaJI~
water
Se-r]] fl-4-0il + ) SJ Cl IA ~6 middotJZ K81~GSe~ne
Kero serle 10 lb J_~ o~A 8 07 ~Kt-~-cosene
bull ~)~ vin -J i-Cil i -~
bull Se ~i ~L( Lt- 0 i 1
bull11 r X-190
wa teT
bull
bull
Plot Establishrnent TLe test plots were established Ln an area adjacent to the 1975 study area in Clinton COill1ty Peru1sylvania This area met the following requirements (l) a building population in whi ch there had been no Bore than 1 years noticeable defoliation prior to the test year (2) a readily measureabJe population of egg masses and (3) a predominance of preferred host trees (oaks)
Each So acre square plot was laid out by establishing an accessible base corner and plotting boundary lines along compass headings Harkers were placed at 811 four corners for aircraft guidance Within each 50 acre plot 5 s~bplots (01 acre) or sampling units were randomly established These subplots were representative of the entire plot and served as samplshying points throughout the experiment Sampling points were similarly e s tab l i shec in untreated check areas to measure natural ccndi tions
Application The application schedule was de s i gned so that material was to be applied when the majority of the larvae were in the late second inshystar stage and the oak foliage was 50-75 expanded One exception to this was the early treatment of Ililllilin that was applied at early 1st instar when oak foliage was less than ~~ expanded
NatErials were mixed and transferred into the aircraft with conventional equipment (mixing tank pumps hoses measuring devices and necessary safety equipment) All niXing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between each treatment to avoid adulteration Radio communications were maintained be tween the ground conditions of wind velocity and materials dispersement
All plots W8T8 treated wi th a Ces~ma Ag Truck al rcraff e quippe d wi th a hydraulic 3rven 2wpellr pump arid 2 converrt i onai STJT3y system (see Table II) The airplane disperse- the craterial lliS fxd- 3wa-ths at ])1 mph as near to tree top level as po ss Lb l e wi th 5 fTcurcl -ird velocity of less than 5 mph
-15shy
bull 1
bullbull bullbullbullbullbull
------- ------gt-_-------------- shy
I1aterial Noz zl e s Orifice
Di miLi n 2 middotIP 006 It d t falA (eal12l) D8-L5 Q
006 10 2j lsd11A DP-middothS Dd-L[r C006 Ib aigallA
J)imillc J 3 (~1 +
Kerosene 003 it Dlqt 80C2FF
Dimilin 1 ~ 0j J
Tli ton X-I + water
8002FF
05 lb aiqt C~~ 2f ~1
iraquo 1b 3iL_ ozA
o 5 ib middot--1 L
10 Lb 8iL-O D002FF
-Evalll~_tior~ ~~~~)~-h ~--Tn~ZIJ8n t J(~~~ emiddot~Ll1at(-a r~(l1Tl the s tandpo trrt of fo lLage protec t i or -ti16 TC [)J-L t -1 crj T~dJ lt middott~ t
tClt)[[l li~LlfiJ 0stJIuates of t~e deg-ree of I rLo t s a t the termination of larval
) f-L CL[ ~ ~ C~-j Lnl rL~~
CC)Lj]gtajng f~_vJ -- ru t C 3 ~ T j 11~
arI~ pl o C5 b~i prl i ~cd p- I Spmiddotrciy JJ -~~LLtl the ex ~ept~---~~ TLrrli~lL ) ~1 all
7shy k( I~C Smiddot- rlE~ _gti~ ~~ - t -) X-19 1 ) -I 12-(middotmiddot-shy ~L~~- ~)l~j_l-in WF
gtrhi c h ~[c -~1 (~ n( -t~ ~I()X ina te ~Y r~ Ii ~~V 1 tf-~r trea tmsnt
(middot~middotf-_lmiddotmiddotl
)JJ
bullbull
ConoIus ion i PT~~i i nunarv data S11~)W tha t all formuLa r ions o r rljiti~l 8JG
Sevin-L-oLl + kcrosble rave (~xce~_ ent results in larval reductJon FrLlbullegg mass vcount L ~ hi macJe +0 Cetenline i this conoi tion continues to hold true
bull One nitial -()nI~ 1~~-)_~2- th_L~ 3~hOv1=~ oxceLlent po ten LLaI is the fact tIlat DimiLi rs - c P JbfcYi appl ie_l at H20 f viJ E le S8 than S oak f()l~_~tge ~-~(lDsicr~ gave g~o)d f- LJ~~(- p-otmiddotciinl and r-uced l arval actishy
bull v ty rl1~aj1~-~1tly ltbullbull T=~ LY 10 )C
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- II II II -shyAfl~U1GE COUNT
10 +shy 0 cc o o o o
~ ~- coe DinuLln 25 wP (early) 06 IbgallA
~~ Dimilin 25 vIP (normal) 06 Ib2 qtA
fojf-
~ I-j CD
~~-~~X~~~~-~~~-~~~~bull
Sevin-4-oil - Kerosene 1 Ib40 ozA
Dirnilln 33 oil - TXl90shy ~CJter 03 IbqtA
Dimilin 33 oil - Kerosene 03 IbqtA
l1 1 CD I
(fJ
0 f-j
~
~ ~ ~
10 1--3 CD r p g c+ CD
f-J p1
~ ~
~~
~~
~~~
lmiddotmiddot 1 IXlt)0 ir t ~ hI + rJeJln-+-OT - - Wo el bullJ UfIi
D middot J tro 06 Ib ~ Ianui rn ~ vvr- gaL li
Sevin I J K~Yr c-nIle lt Ibq+ r0t l-+-j _~L - u gtJ bull 1 - _J bull vi l
~d
o to c+ bullto
d - ~
I
m c+ I-jf-J
~ o o
~ (fJ
~~ Sevin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water 1 Ib) OZA
~~~ Sevirl--4-oil - Txl90 - Water 25 IbqtA
I -- (X)
I
~)t)~ E Untreated Ch8Cks
-bullbull Ptlo~SNI tuLIIGF f3fiE-1IlN
tV Jgt 0shy co o o o o o o
061bgalA D-lmilin 25 WP (early)
I - I Iebull uO J-o I~ erG i1 JimHin 25 wP (normal) I-rj
j-J
o~ f-J (1)
Sevin-4-oil - Kero sene I--~ Ib40 ozA I-rj ll 0 UJ I-
~h 0 lbmiddot(jmiddott gt - 11 DirJlin 33 oil - TXl90 - Water I-- p1 CD UJ CD UJ
rI-~ Diu-Uin 33 oiI - Ke ro ~ene 00Obull 3 1(1 qt 1-
sect co
f-- c+ OJ-J ampl 0
~evin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water bull l51bqtA
lJ f-J CD
DiJ1lilin 25 l-lP I06 IbgalA to
1j f-J Pl
lti
51bqtA _ Sevin-L~-oil - Kero sene pD H o I-- j-J
-o
p c+~ Ib40 OZA _ Sevin-L-oil - TXl90 - Water f-J
~
25 IbqtA Selin-4-oil - TX1-90 - ltIater
Untreated Checks I
f- -0
I
I I II II III I
II II II II
-
Project Number GM 613 Project Title Field Testing of Ground Applied Insecticides Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Larry L Herbaugh W H McLane C R Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Experimental use permits were received from EPA in early June 1976 for testing Orthene 75S Imidanreg 50 Wp Sevi~) 80S In addishytion to the above Sevin-4-oil with water and NTN 9306 were tested
One-acre plots were established in the Bald Eagle State Forest lands in Centre and Clinton Counties Pennsylvania These plots contained a measureshyable population of gypsy moth eggs and were located in heavily wooded areas representative of campground situations
These plots were established so that they were ca 200 feet square with a small dirt road dividing them Within each one-acre plot two subplots or sampling units were established Each of these illlits comprised 140 of an acre and was placed on each side of the road These 140 acre sampling units were used for all evaluations throughout the program
Application Only a small quantity of materials were needed for application Because of this materials were mixed on site using conventior~l mixing equipment and a nurse tank for a water supply All mixing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between treatments to avoid any adultershya tion
The materials were applied with a John Bean Mist Blower mounted on a 1-12 ton 4-wheel drive truck at the following rates
25 Ib a ir gal H20A
50 lb ai5 gal H20A Orthene 75S 10 It ai5 gal H20A Imidan So Wp 15 Ib ailS gal H20A and Sevin 80S 20 Ib ailS gal H2OA
3S Ib ai5 gal H2OA
Each of these dosages was replicated 3 times for each material
125 Ib ailS gal H20ANTN 9J06 50 Ib ai5 gal H20A
Sevin-4-oil and 20 Ib ailS gal H20A T X-190 + water 35 Ib ailS gal H20A
Evaluation Each treatment was evaluated from the standpoint of percent foliage protection larvae reduction using a 15 foot string count and egg massesacre reduction Tht latter data is not yet available at this vrriting
Foliage protection and larvae reduction are shown in the following table
-20shy
II - II - II II II II II II II - - II II -- shy -Foliage Average Larval String Counts
Material Dosage Protection Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment l 25 Ib ai5 gallA L~9 5 20 46 50 Ib ai5 gallA 667 25 22
10 lb ai5 gallA 854 30 20Imidan 50 wp 15 lb ai5 gallA 580 18 33
20 Ib ai5 gallA 565 2S 16 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 420 33 14
Check - 3middotS 19 8
1O25 Ib ai5 gallA -LL bull 5 26 5 So Ib ailS gallA 620 22 2
10 Ib ailS gallA 43middotS 23 2Sevin 80S 15 Ib ailS gallA 55S 22 1
20 Ib ailS gallA 827 26 1 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 894 2S S
Check - So 42 40
2S Ib ai5 gallA 800 29 6
50 lb ailS gallA 911-1 25 3 10 Ib ailS gallA SlLtO 26 2
NI Orthene 7SS ~J
15 Ib ailS gallA 9)-1-0 29 0 I 20 Ib ailS gallA 940 22 0
35 Ib ai5 gallA 940 19 0 Check - 7S 48 Sl
Sevin-4-oil + 20 1b ailS gallA 770 39 6 T X-190 + H2O 35 Ib ai5 gallA 870 3S 9
12S Ib ailS gallA 750 15 1NTH 9306 5 Ib ailS gallA 730 IS 2
oCheck - 20 10j
l Post-treatment readings based on 5th day after treatment
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Conclusion Initial results show that Imidan~ 50 Wp gave ca 5~o folia~~ protection and ca 16 larval reduction at the 3 higher dosages
SevillE 80S gave ca 76 foliage protection and ca 99 reduction in larval activity at the 3 higher dosages
Orthenereg 758 gave ca 94 foliage protection and ca 100 larval control at the 3 higher dosages
In comparison the two new formulations of Sevin-4-oil and T X-190 and H20 and NTN 9306 gave ca 8~o and 74 foliage protection respectively and ca 78 and 87 reduction in larval activity respectively
Data in the following table indicate that Orthene0) 758 and Sevi~ 80S will give the greatest degree of foliage protection as well as reducing larval activity on a 15 foot string count
-22shy
bullbull I)
I)
I)
I)
bullbullbullbullbull II II I)
II I)
II I)
Project Number GM 614 Proj8ct Title Evaluation of Pesticides for Browntail Moth Report Period April 1 1976 - September 31 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
The primary objective of this p~oject is to screen candidate materials against the browntail moth
Orthene reg was the only material tested against brown tail larvae
Dosage Instar 110rtali ty Days
After Treatment
1 IbaigalA II 92 2 05 IbaigalA II 100 2 025 IbaigalA II 96 2 012 IbaigalA II 90 2 006lbaigalA II 98 2 Check II loS 2
Mr McLane Mr Stockbridge Mr Stelle Mr Mosley and Mr Cartier met with Cape Cod National Seashore personnel to discuss future broNQtail work on the Cape A 5 year program was proposed as a result of the meeting and phone conversations vi th the Department of Interior and APHIS personnel
1976 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil ground plots with Sevin 80S
1977 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil Pyrethrin and Dimilin
1978 Select the most promising from the ones experimentally tested in 1976 and 1977 treat the entire infestation on Cape Cod using aircraft backpacks and mistblowers
1979 Clean up any infestation left
1980 Clean up any infestation left
However after a meeting wi th the Seashore Advisory Committee park super-shyintendent Hadley made a decision that no spraying should be done Q~til
the committee was informed of our plans and their approval was obtained To date this meeting has not come about
Meetings
Area I Managerial Meeting Hartford Corill Mr McLane gave a talk on the proposed 5 year broivntai1 moth program for Cape Cod Mass
Mr McLane met with Mr J KilIan Chief Environmentalist for the Cape Cod National Seashore to discuss the brovrrtaiL problem at the Seashore
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bullbullbullbull II II
bull II II II II
bullbullbullbullbull
Project Number (~riI 6l5 Project Title Regulatory Treatments (Laboratory - Field) Report Period AfrE 1 1976 - September W 1976 Report TJpe Irl tertIa Project Leaders Winfred H McLane L Ii Herbaugh J A Einney
The lack of effective treatment methods fer recreational vehicles and mobile homes is a major dficipncy Ll the APHIS Gypsy Hath regulatory program Slt1xpcIimentcl laboratory and field tests are conducted to develop improved techniques for cP2ling iii tt thi s and other r811atory problems
On December 191175 a residue test I2S s tartlaquo Nt) 7 irs(~ctiGiles Tvo hundr-ed tar paper squares (6 x 6) each were treated with insectjcide using amp c 5 It aita1 soLut i on SevfTI insecticideswere tested with 1 set of tar paper used fUJ a check The papers were treated to the point of runshyoff Half of t he paper-s were aged oucdoor-s tacked under (4 x 8) sheets of masonite haI f were hs Ld inside the laboratory Norie were exposed to sunlight
Ten newly h~tchd sectYl)sy noth larvae were exposed to tar paper sheets at 10 day Lnte rval a iC)r the f i r s t lCO days of aging fo Llowing treatment This was achieve by pLacing +he paper in a cyl inrrricaL cardboard container wi th artificial di et lt J10rta1 ity readings were( made after 24 hours and L8 hours
Mortality Hr- JJarvae Exposed After Naterial Aged
Material ~___ to IvIaterial U)() Days 200 Das 260 Lays
DDT 50 vp Insil1Ff lGO 100 32 inside ~CJO 100 100
0Outside 100 jlt 20 UlI1sideuro- 100 100 100
Resmethrin Inside 24 28 (EC) Inside )-8 oP R4 I ~)
IJutfLfle 24 28 48 7)-
SBP-l Sl) 2L R(8C) Ll~middot
OJ 9C -I iOe
96
10 1f)C
bullbull II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
bullbull
I10rtality Hr La~Jae Exposed After Ha terial
laterial Aged to r1aterial 100 Days 200 Days 26C Daye
Phoxin Inside 24 100 98 100 (EC) IIlside 48 100 100 100
Outs i de 24 100 100 100 Outside La 100 100 100
Pyrenone Inside 2L+ 34 46 2 (EC) insLde 48 60 72 46
cdOutside --I~ 38 16 a Outside I+8 61~ +2 28
I1onitor Inside ~I lUO )eLf 78 (L
G~)(EC) 118 1)0 100 Outsids 2Li 66 46
ooOutside LiS i(JO z jLi
) I Check Inside - -t 5~middot 26 0 - j
Insid~ hB ~L gt+ 6 l)uttir~c 4 20 2 Cllt3ide- ~t~~ t ~ 1+0 6
Based on Laboratrrv rfsul tc lJresented in the IJst report a field test was started August 3 196 with Iop Job pine scent wax [ax remover Dimilin and fire ex t ingui shcr agent Ten egg masses are be ing treated each month from August 3 197C unt i I April 1 1977 Five masses are being covered wi th black building paper and S are being left exposed lhree dosages of each material are being usel along wi th a check
During April 1977 211 eggs will be col Lec ted and incubated in the labora-middot tory for hatch If hatch can hi pr2vented it may be possible to uae one or more of thlaquo materials as a treatment on tr_L18rs and RVs
To date 3 t reatments haveJeer made
On June 23 19761+ uate r i al s (Sevin (583 S8 [n-i~-il Orthene and Lrridan ) most generally used f Jr gypsy mot h control h~ sprayed -+0 the poi rrt of runshyoff on 110 acre plots us ing a back-pack mist~jL)1er Dosago s usee were same as rec()mmeIldw~ in ths APHIS recillatorJ rnanual
Every 3 day fo11ovrC9 tl(~atment rliage was c oll eo te d and Lioassaysd against 3ro instar Larvae 1fCt~middot~ 72 hour lrtality reading being mado After 9middot days treated foliag wal stiLl givirfL~_2[pound211eln mortalitx
q ~[ortality After Material L Days Ul Days lC s3[S _
Sevin 8)3
Sev-inmiddotmiddotL-Gil OrtbeEe Imidan Check 17
--
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II
bullbullbullbull
II
Project Number GM 616 Project Title Field Testing of Javenile Hormone Analogs for Ovicidal
Activity Report Period Anril 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Itterim Project Leaders Charles P Schwa2be A P Norris
The juvenile hormone analogs Al tozar lE and ZR-t19 SE have been reported as having ovicidal properties When gypsy moth 8fg nasses are deposited on recently treated surfaces hat chab iLi ty yf 8ggS is reduced ZR-619 also appears to inhibit female moths from layingjhriT full complement of eggs Compounds with these properties may be user1 fOT regulatory treatments
Boles of white and red oak trees -lere sprayed foe tho point of ruri-off with water emulsions of Altozar and ZR-619 at 8g1 Ireatsents were aged for 1 3 7 14 21 and 28 days before bioassay At tb~ end of each aging period S or more 3 day old mated female moths from f Le Ld collected pupae were imprisoned on each of S trees (total ()f 25 replicatestreatment) Ihere were 10 replicates (2 trees) for each control The female moths that deposited egg masses were recovered (generally after one day) placed in polyethylene bags and frOZet111D riI they could be dissected to determine the number of unl a i d eggs Egg masses wiI 1 be coJlscted from the treated and control surfaces during IlecembQr 1976 an~ tested for embryonation parasi tization and ha tchabiLt ty
Females from the 1 3 7 and 28 day exposure pe r i ous have been dissected and unlaid eggs counted The results are shovn by the accompanying tab Le Preliminarily it appears that with the excep ti on of the 1 day ZR-61) treatment there was no effect of treatment on the nurnbe r of eggs laid by female moths It is interesting to note that laboratoryreaTf3(J tno th s were useci for the 1 day ZR-6l9 trea tluent Dcotailed disCUSSJCiD 01 thesA data will be deferred until all ]~eSl--l ts OCl egg smbryona t i on parc~si_ t i zation and hatchability have been obtained
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-----------
middot-------_ bullbullbull _~ bullbull EGGS lJlI11AID EY FENALES EXPOSED TO TRUNKS pHEATED WITH ALTOZAR 4E lIJm ZRmiddot-619 SE
Q2Y2129ynd
Iiays Treatment
ampif_~i
Numbe-r of Used
_fre~ t Control
Females Recovered
Tle~t __CoDjl~_
Numbe-r Unlaid Eggs Total Average
1reaJ_Qonto L)~1Zs~J_-0ontro1
Al i008) ) E~
ZI -~ I~~ 19 ~I~~
I
J 36 c )
14 Ij(1
32 ~
1 f 1~Lr
13 123[3 7G34
380 1797
387 )36
271 138 ~)
A1 t ozar I
11-- S1 C] ~ --
3
3 L~O
50 16 T1-s 1shy
30 ~)8
If) 1 -Llt
1394 1519
619 - (1 I
J-~
L+65 5hJ
Lf 13 493
A1 t-IZ~lX )~r~
~~R-C ~L9 ~jE
i ~ r ~O
Igt ~ c
15 18
J- 39
11 1 I LL4
104)~ l1-rr
660 F3S5
J26 292
508 632
I ) -J
I
Al t 0 L~i C i~)
-~Ti lt(j1 r)
Altozar wE Z11-(19 SE
)Q
~
- ~)
- 1 j
LJ
25 27
3j
30
12 -
-ii
14 IS
2S ~) ~
25 2S
10 1U
11 J 2
805 sed
1059 1398
2L~6 r(0
JJSO 9
2 3)
Li24 5)9
25() 6
12~ 7 391
JfJrtttcry r~ared iEIalCs ant] m3Jl~ used aUJthers ere fr-om f iel d collected pupae
bullbull Project Number GM 622
bull Project Title Responses of ~Ble Gypsy Moths to Traps as AffecteC ~
the PeatE of Pheromone Release Report Period April I 1976 - Septe~ber 30 1976
bullbull
Report Type Errcer im Project Leaders Charles P Sch~Lb2 E C Paszek
Preliminary trapping experiments with disparlure indicated that attracti-veshyness is affected by the rJte at which the pheromone is released from the trap Large amount s of lure seemed 0 have an inhfb i torr or repellent effect ConfLrmatorv studies were planned in which multiples of Corrre Ic fibers would be used to bait standaTd delta traps in order to define the pheromone ls1ea8e rate at which maxinnna attradiveness 10 sul ted Such inshyformation would be 2xcPPdingly useful in pI(eparnf specifications for comshy
bull mercial production of progTam pheromone dispenpers Unfortunately certain difficulties vpre encYLmtered in developing a sound expemiddotrinental program and it was suggested that this work be carried out by scientists at the
bullPennsylvania Stat Uni ve r-si ty Freliminary date have been made available to us but we 8re unable to uti I izhen in this report
bullExperiments in tti- pr)j0ct aCil Cl conduc tcd in collaboration with the ARS Optically active enantiCnj2rs of cis-Jlrparhrre were generously made available by Dr NarU1n(j~ Nagoya Uruve r-s i vs Iagoya Japan The objective of the tests was to determine the attractiveness (or other biological
bull properties) of tIl optically active ~nantiomers of disparlure Similar experiments were conducted by scientists from Nlchigan State University and the New York and C~~1nectiut State Agricultural Experimerct Stations
bullbullThese tests weI c onduc tcd in a natural infestation in FaTl River State Porest ILl lraps gtJere baited wit[ cc t t on dentJ wicks to which had been applied the indicated amcunt s of ( ) and-) (-) disparlure Delta traps were used in all ttsts i)fj a 25 III grid pat tfJ~11 rh) numbe r- of malt motho captured gtl2S reeordec c regular LrrtsrvaLs
In one experim8~lt the attrac tivene ns of racemic d i apar-I ure was compared with that of (+) enarrti omar Ihe rssults of middotshi test are given in Table 1
Table I Number of moths captur-sd il trans middotcLti ted with varying amount s elf racemic and optically active Hsparlure
1 L
lCCJC
------------------__-----_ _--__------shy
II II These ltlata clearly reflect -gt0 superior attractancy of the (+) enarrt iore r
compared with that of racemic mate r i al Approximately 10 X more raoths were captured with 100 ug (+) disP8rlure than with an equal amount of racemic pheromone Unfor-tuna te Ly limited amounts of the enantiomers
II prohibited testing at dosages gTeater than 10C ug and therefore it is
II not known if greater dosages woull -Lead to repeLten t or inhibitory effects It should also be noted that the Jptically active material contained ca 66 of its an t i podo Hirhly puCified pbermiddot~Cwj~e would likely yield someshywhat different data Ih_u is the first rcpc--t of 3~ clear relationship beshytween dosage and r-e sponee wheIc n_creased ple romone concentration y-ields a corresponding increase in ruoth response
II In another test the inhLbi t ory properties ()f t1gt (-) s nant iomar- were quantified deti3rrninirlg tile at t ractivenes (~r var i cus ratios of (+) and (-) disparlure These lata a~e presented n Table I
bull Table II NWllber of riaLe mo trs captured in tIP -x1ited with various
t~r8rltiomer ra tios
bull ----- -~---_ I shy
ugtraJ ug -) per Average catch ( -I- ) -i- _----LQ_ llg ~~_ J2eL_tmiddotr~a=p _
9 jL o (I te 936 1 1 75 120
c99 _J j 3-68 63 I
bull J 00 ioo L+ 12 ~ ~I I ) 380 32
bull L159 59 ~ 08
As addi tiCmiddot] iJlCgt1EltS oi (-) middotnre tdded V_ ij CZS ccntaiuing 10 uij (+) a t tr-activene ss 22di~J jmiddotrc~8s-(~ dsmonc2at~E the Lnhib i tOIJ nature
Yn t he ( c-~ j bull_ 1 m n - v 11+ i (1 60L f th01 rllt~ - 11 ccuUCc JgO_Ll -l_~e au k bull t-_f- CO bullbull oa~ne I )0 0 v bull e
II bull ) - -- n -I- f- - ~ 1 s +--- +- bull - -- - f ( rl J l dOppOSle c_Dctl_bull )Eler hie e_ua ar tr-ac mvene so O~ + -LlSpar_Ure COU
Dot be ceteIlied ~~xt-aTJ)lation of the p]ttcCc data suggests that 9Cf~ (+) disp2rl1lle 1~Cl~_middot(J cap turv 15-~() t i mes a iafr ~ioths as TaGer-tic phero-shymane at tho 10 -cC -2vel
A rnore 6ta-iled -report i s cur-rentIy ceins- lYr-pT~P( JJ_C pub lication The manuacrLpt -middotimiddotL 1 c~ i ~11 uIsd ~ n tho nex t LacL8tcr_~ P~ IJort
Project Number GM 623 Project Title Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leader Charles P Schwalbe
There is no progress to report on this project A prototype apparatus is being assembled which will permit systematic evaluation of various collection substrates Recent papers report successful collection of airborn volatiles on Porapak Q and Molecular sieve If quantitative collection of disparlure from female moths is s11ccessful pheromone emission will be used as a standard for determining quality of insects mass reared under various conditions
I I I I I
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I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I
Project Number GM 626 Project Title Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leader Edward C Paszek
Tree Tanglefoot a natural product made from castor oil gum resins and vegetable wax was used as an adhesive for sJPSY moth traps for )6 years 1913-1969 It was replaced in 1970 with Tack Trap a synthetic plastic type adhesive (polyisobutylene) which was less costly and through field testing found to be more effective than Tree Tanglefoot in holding capshytured moths in a trap Tack Trap has gone up in price fr-om $0421b in 1970 to $130lb in 1976 A number of companies are marketing synthetic sticky compounds to protect trees from climbing insects and as bird reshypellants These compounds were compared with Tack Trap and Tree Tanglefoot to determine their effectiveness in holding ca~tured ~psy moths
8plusmn5 of the following six compounds were weighed and applied to approxishymately 286 cm2 of the interior surface area of Delta traps An aging study on 12 these open traps was conducted in the greenhouse at a tempshyerature range of 10degC to 32degC for 5) months (119-62376) A field bioassay was made on 71476 after 6 months of aging in a natural infestshyation followed by a laboratory bioassay 91676 after 8 months of aging
Table I Mean number of 6 Boths per trap after 1 hour field bioassay in heavy infestation 24 hour laboratory chamber bioassay with )00 released 6 moths
Field Laboratory
Tack Trap (new sample) 145 60 Bird Iang1efoot 120 90 Excelcide Bird Repellant 105 200 Tack Trap (old sample) t10 105 Stikem-Special Iree Tanglefoot
6S o r
14)1)
After 6 months of aging in open traps Tack Prap Bird Ianglefoot Excelshycide Bird Repellant and Stikem-Special held captur-ed native moths Tree Tanglefoot glazed over and was a poor adhesive When bioassayed Ln a laboratory chamber after 8 months oflging vri it released moths many moths entered and fLev out of the traps indcating that the adhe sive tend to dry out and stiffen after Long periods of aging
The remaining samples were stored folded flat on the shelf in a closed paper carton at room te~perature (approxi~ately 22C) B~th sets of traps were weighed after 6 weeks of aging (3176) to deterwiu8 weight loss of the adhesives due to voLat i Liza t i on of solvents
-ushy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
-32shy
bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II II II II
bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
-----
Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
- 34shy-
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
-35shy
II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
-shy
CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
I -v f)
I
10
bullbull C N
bull 0shy-It)---
C) ~
~ et
gtshy ~
-lt
l 1 o Li
u Clt bull z ~ l pH
V i) j
iJ2
~
1M
Ibull
0= I~U Z
I~~ 0 tx N U
Z ~
pound0 t
~ N ()
I~ I
+ J ~ J
a U Z
-Ro o
-J
o a ~
Z
o o 0 o- 00 ~
031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
-49shy
I I
Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
I I
-50shy
I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
I I I I I I I
Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
I I I I
I II
I I
I I
Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
I
I
I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
I
I I I I I I I
-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
I
I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
-59shy
bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
-60shy
-------------------shy 111
--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
bull I I
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
I
I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
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- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull -------j~pound~Ill)(r Erojer t rri tJ~ 1~~middotmiddot __ ~ll
GlVl 638 Development of Methods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated lith Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Hath Pr-e l irninary () i
GM 639 Insect Production and Distribution Interim ( r
I j I
III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullI
APPENDIX
Title Page
Appendix 1 Repellents of Late Instar Gypsy Moth Larvae 66
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II
bullbull
Project Number GM 611 Project Title Laboratory Screening of Candidate Pesticides
Against the Gypsy Moth bull Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
bullbull The main objective of this laboratory screening project is to collect
mortality data on registered and experimental compounds potentially useshyful against the gypsy moth evaluating the data and selecting suitable materials for field testing
The following materials were tested against gypsy moth larvae using the
bulloak seedling test technique
bull
Material Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Mortality
bullABG-6070 Abbott 025 Ib8ozA II 100
012 Ib4ozA II 99 006 Ib2ozA II 97
bulloOJ IblozA II 81
001 Ib gA II 66 Check II 1
bull (05 parts
piperonyl butoxide to 1 part ABG-6070) 02 Ib10ozA II 100
01 Ib 5ozA II 99
bull 005 Ib25ozA II 94 00251bl25ozA II 64 0012 Ib62ozA II 52
Check II 0
bullbull (1 part pipershy
anyl butoxide to 1 part ABG-6070) 02 Ib16ozA II 99
bull01 Ib8ozA II 100
tl 005 Ib4ozA II 97 002 Ib2ozA II 96
001 IblozA II 83 Check II a
bull(2 parts pipershy
bullanyl butoxide to 1 part ABG-6070) 02 Ib24ozA II 100
01 Ib12ozA r 100 005 Ib 6ozA II 99
TT 0025 Ib 3ozA ---L 89 It TT
bullLL0012 Ibl5ozA 65
Check II 1
bull
Days After
Treatment
6 6 6 6 6 6
4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4
-6shy
aer al Company Dosage Tnstar Weather
ABG-J7Q Abbott (L parts piperony1 juoxde to 1 part ASG-6J7D) 02 lb320zA II 100
01 1b160zA II 100 005 1b 80zA II 97 0025 Ib 4ozA II 90
0012 1b 20zA II 86 -r--Check L o
(6 parts pishyperony1 butoxide to 1 Dart ABG-6070) 02 1b640zA II 99
01 Ib320zA II 95 005 Ib16ozA II 94 L 0025 1b 8ozA II 51 L
002 Ib 40ZA II 48 4III
Check II o 4
bullbull (Piperonyl
butoxide only) 10 lbgalA II 5 5 05 lbgalA II 3 5
025 lbga1A II o 5 012 lbga1A II 7 5 006 1bgalA II o r
bull
Check II o 5
bullDecis Procida 0013 IbgalA 11 97 L
00065 IbgalA II 98 LI
1)0032 IbgalA II 89 I
bull
00016 IbgalA II 90 000082 ItgalA II 51 L
Check o L
Decis It 0013 lbgalA II 1 85 L
II 2 78 )
bull II II J 83
I II II
bull
II 1 (J6 Newfilm)
II II 1 (J6 Chevron
bullII
1 Sticker) 4 II 1
(Jo Pinolene Sticker) 4
-7shy
--- -
---
_=shy - -- - --
~Iaterial Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Mortal i -- - ~-= -- = -=- -shy
0ecis Procida 00065 ngalA II 1 65 II 2 66
J II 3 58 fI II 1
(Yo Nu-film 17) 7S L TT 1i--l
(Jlo Chevron Sticker) 41
1 II 1 (50 Pinocene
Sticker) 53 4 00032 lbgalA II 1 59 4
H II 2 56 3 II 3 35 4
00016 IbgalA II 1 34 4 II 2 27 3
H H H II 3 23 4 H H 00008 IbgalA II IH 22 4
H II 2 24 3 II 3H 21 L
Checks a 4 = 0013 lbgalA II (2 hr artificial 1JV light) 100 7
7 ~ 0006) Iblial A II 87 I
bull H
00032 OtciJ i II 28 7
bull H
iI 00016 2- t-gallA I 3L~ 7
I 00008 IbgalA II 20 7 Check 0 7
00013 lbgalA II (4 hr artificial UV light) 90 4
00065 lbgalA II 60 4 00032 IbgalA II 12 4
bullbull H
H
00016 lbgalA II 9 4 00008 IbgalA II 4 4
Check 0 4 OOlJ lbgalA II (2 hr natural
sunlight) 99 6
bull H 00065 l1)galA II 97 6
Ii T~00032 ~bgaA 86 6
bull
H 00016 IbgalA II 67 6 I OOOOEl ItgalA II 35 IJ
Check 0 6 0013 IbgalA IT (4 hr naturalj
sunlight) 66 2 00065 IbgalA TT 32 2_LJ
bull j l irJ i t
00032 ))a-I raquo - 40 2 00016 IbgalA II 29 2
bull
t t OOG08 Ibfla A II H 17 2 Check 0 2
bull -8shy
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-
-- - ~
2crial Company Dosage l8r-C ~ - --- --_ --shyInstar Weather Agirg - - - -- -- shy
l~FMC 30980 FMC 0062 lbgalA II r -
J~ shy~ O0312 IbgalA II -~ shy~
0015 IbgalA II 58 shy
0007 1bgalA II 16 5 0003 lbga1A II 7 5
Check a 5 0025 lb gaL A II 1 61 7 0012 lbgalA II 1 70 7 0062 1-1_u ga II 1 15 7
bull IIA
0003 ItgalA II 1 5 7 0001 1bgalA TT 1 ij I~1
7
bull
Check II 1 7
middotT 35171 FMC 02 ItgalA II 100 3 01 lbgalA II 100
bull J
005 lbgalA II 100 3
bull 0025 1bgalA II 99 3
0012 1tgalA II 99 3 0006 IbgalA II 99 4 II Tshy
10003 IbgalA 100 L~ 0001 1bgalA II 100
bull 4shy 00007 lbgalA II 97 4
Check 1 4 002 lbga1A II 1 100 5
001 Lb~ Igal- li II 1 100 5I
bull I 0006 IbgalA II 1 100 5
0003 lbg-alA II 1 96 5 0001 lbgalA 1 1 1 90 5
r-
bull TTCheck LL 0
bull - -
~3497 FMC 02 ngalA II 98 4 01 lbgalA II 95 4 005 lbgalA II 87 4 002 IbgalA II 75 L 001 lbgalA II 51 4
bull Check II a 4
002 ngalA II 1 17 6 001 1bga1A II 1 15 6
bull
0006 lbgalA II 1 10 6 0003 ItgalA II 1 7 6 I
n j VUJ
r~ IbgalA II 1 6
bull ~
Check J 6
-_ G li]1C 021 IbgalA II 100 P ~- A 3
010 oIE L II 100 1rl
0052 IbgalA n 100 1
I 0026 IbgalA II 100 1
it 0013 IbgalA II 81 3 0006 1 A 1 I gal II 92 4
TT 4 0003 IbgalA 67L~
11 00016 111 A J fla1 II 29 4 T- 4Check 0J
-9shy
Day
bullbull After
Material Company Do sago Instar Weather Aging Nor tal Lty Treatment
FMC 45498 FMC OO2( middotbgalA II 1 40 5 CJ in 3 ~_ b sal A II 1 L) 5
bull T 000 1r)g-al~A JL 1 25 5
oC() lbira1A II 1 10 5 cooi Hq]lAJ 01lt- II 1 I) 5~
bull
( -le~K II i S
pp 383 leI l~O iJ~Cil A II leo 2
bull I bull A 0) LUI gcU II 100 2
~ ~ S IbgaiA l L 100 3 (1 - TT 3J ~ l-LlasalA 100
bull
A1n gal) II 1
1 1 ] II
I 006 - 90 1 I C03 lgtjga ii 93 6
TT r1 J 001 lbgc11 69 v
OG07 tSr l 1I 49 61ha II
bull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Il 11 9 C~(J) ~J f I-~ ( I J l II 33 6_Ishy
I I P r
~)~DO_ 1-) -al~J I 1 J1 16 5 II TTGlICOO9 b ~S8Jt -t 7 5
j L I p 1 J A (~ w ()C)oLi L U Kctl n IT 1 5 i~t ~(ck 11 0 5
RE-218 RahID - )Haas O lt)c Lgal- II 1 86 J
q (j it(1 I h i t~ 1 A -
-- ~ Clti)L i J II 1 96 3 ll II 1 96 3
~T
o j-1A 1 bullbull 1 64 3
11 1 28 3 -J1C k 0 3
2umithion S tauflaquo n (feY -- lbgalA II 100 Lt
OilS 1b gEtl 1 II (+15 Atlox) 100 Lt p u ) 1b r 1 II (+15 Sorpol) 100 gaL 11- 3
r ] 1-- 13 A ) 5 --I II 1 48 3 11 ~ 05 ugal L Jr 1 ( +15 Atlox) 26 3
o c 1b 13 I A- rr 1 (+15 Sorpo1) 17 1T I raquo ~ 1) 1- 3
o ~ S~ b6d L d II 1 (+ Y6 Rhop1ex Sticker) 100 4
n v- l-bgatA II 2 (+Jib Rhoplex Sticker) CG L
J bull ~
r~ r- bull J 1) gelmiddot i1li L1 3 (+10 Rhonlex Sti~ker) 100 5
o J- ~CJ LA II 1 (+15 Atlox + Y6 Rhoplex
Sticker) reoj)
c o itgalA II 2 (+15 Atlox + 16 Rhoplex
Stickel) 64 4 J tf
lu-r II (+15 Atlox +J r
1A Rhop1ex
Sticker) 81 5
-10shy
bullbullbullbull
~~-P~
81 -~ shyMaterial Company Dosage Instal Weather Aging Mortal qy Irsa =e-
Sumithion Stauf-D ~ npounda 1 Itfer tgt -- II 1 (+15 Sarpal +
7J1 JO Rhaplex
Sticker) 99 L r A (+15 Sorpa1 +0 bull ~
i~lt) l~-oGc I ~- 1) II 2
Jo Rhon1ex Sti~ker) 99 4
~ ~T r) II
~) uI gall it 4l1 3 (1-15 Sorpol + Jo Rhoplex
Sticker) 80 5 fl bull 1 la- 1 A (JS C) t4L f 11 100 41-
I O~ ItgalA II (+15 Atlox) 100 3 - 1 TT itgt C JbgaJ ti -L (+190 Sorpal) 99 3
b egtl~- it L 1 32 3 t-1 TT - 5
ga A J 1 (+15 Atlax) 11 3 r-l
-
I~~ ~ 1-0 ~cl A II III lJ Sarpal)C-_) + ~ 13 30
I A l~l Ill J cV~ II 1 (+ 31~ Rhaplex Sticker) 95 4
TTI hcl~ i CC-- o lL 2 74 6 ( J_ =- gSL Ji 1 3 85 5 t~
~~_ i coEt Ii 1 (+ JIo Atlax + JIo Rhap1ex
Sticker) 97 ) -tshy ~ --T-t - bull l_ 2 (+ Jo Atlcx +
j( Rhoplex Sticker) 71 6
I ~ k_ 5 ( T]~ AtLox +
] lhoplex Sticker) 30
l r~ shy r ~) c~ I J~- 1 1 (+1 Sorpal + JIo Rhoplex
Sticker) 94 4 iI 1 r- g -o l A (+15 Sarpol +-~~ S _ u __ TT
bull_ )LL
JIo llhoplex sticker) 76 6
It r-11
~middot -iA U bLJ II 3 (+15 Sarpal + 3 Rhaplex
Sticker) 66 5 Checks 0 6
VEL 3883 r e1 si~ -r-vshycol _L 1 bC[i~L IA J i 99 6
H J ~~J euromiddotmiddott J A 99 6
fil If o g8 A 100 6
v 1~ - L gLllA ~l 89 o TT L
~ ( J6 (cilA 85 6
L ~E- 1 IA II 77 6 H -j 1-- ~-- ~ -= ~~ 156 _~ _ tdL H II 65 6 I ~ ~ C073 ~L (pound7)1 1~ 1L 26 6 If j ~ r)() )0 1 t A Li 10 6_1
CL~z L 0 6
-11shy
J)----Cl c
~+~---IJ_ ~__
Via terial Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Nortality TrGlt-e
VEL 3883 Velsi shy-1 col 10 lbga1A II -- )
05 1bga1A II 1 ~
II t--~025 1bgalA II 1 2 -012 1bga1A II 1 2 5
006 1bga1A II 1 0 c -Check II 0 )
irk continued with the new SevinID-4-oil formulation The viscos i ty o f ( formulations was tested
bullbullbullbullbull -12shy
The Tri toamp X-190 and Sevint-lt-cil formulation was field tested at
LO Ibs a i qt fA bull 0 uraquo Ell bull I qt I
025 lbs ai qt A
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbull-13shy
This formulation vlaS compar-ed tc SeviIi0-4-oil and kerosene at
10 Ibs ai40ozA0 Ibs aiatA
We are happy to rfport that Orthene-E 75S and Djm51iamp 25 Wp ve rc registered by the Uni ted States Environmental Protection Acncy for gJpsy moth use
Orthene 7SS
By a i r - 23 to 1 1L a i 2 qt H20A
hBy air - 003 to )06 lb a~ I i or 2 galA
The Ot_s laborltory and field rews played a grect part in the success of both mat8ria~81lt
__ltl- IjJSixteen gall ons ly)rthern red oak Jcmiddot-r118 were colI f~ted and stored in
cold storage
A totaI It --~ ~fL)13(ti(~i_l 88-~p~~~~s IT~jl1~ ~eCf~velt ~-()l ~~_8J)Clrato~rr and field tejts
Much of t ru s YCPO]tD peTioieJ STJmiddot~middott work i nr jYJ che field on experimental insecticide plats
A sui +able land-fill for the disposed cd emp ty onc~e( t ic ide containers was Loca t ed in Plainvi Ll Le ]Viaco lhis is about 6C i Les from Otis and is reshycommended by the Boston off i ce of Uni tec f372tes Environmental Protection Agency
Host Laboratory equipment-Ims packed ready for moving into the new building
I~etings
JIr HcLane gave talk 01 th Eftgt eetment made in 1(316 and demonstrated
ec davs in Hyat t svilLe H]) work i ng on apshy
bull
bull
bull
bullbull
bull
bull
bull bull
bull
bull
bullbullbull
Project Number GN 612 Project Title 1976 Field Studhs of Differen~ E()rmulations of
IrlnuLin and Sevin-)-1--0il Report Period April 1 1976 September 30 1976 Report lype P t T TO lecmiddot LJeaGers
Interim Larrry L Herbaugh w H l1cLane C H Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Each year f or the past 3 generation3 the gypsy moth Lymantri8 dispar (L) bas defci Latori thouaands of ac re s of forested Land in t he northeast Because of tht s investigations bTe corrt inual l y be i ng carried out to evaluate new materies and new fITfillations of current registpred ~ateria18
IVlaterlaJs and Methods In 1970 the following rnat0rial~ and fo rmula tions were tested for gypsy moth con t r o l DimiLin op Dilli1in 3middot~ Gil keroser18 Dimilj~rl j middot3 oil + TlitolJ X-190 + water Se~Tin-J-(Jil + kerosene arid Se-rJin-Lt-oil t- TLampt ton xmiddot~ l~)() + JcLtE-r Each ell the maLer-La~_S va s aerially applied to 50 acre plots Hi 3 replicates for ov aLua t i on Table I gives the details on chemical concentration and application rate
IabLs I Details of 19c6 formula t i (lUS field tested
-------------__------------Cllemical Concent ra t ion
and I1a tcrial APl21 Leat_ign Ra te- __ __ _Eerm~middotdlts ___ _
9DVcd a t less than 7) iage expansion
L~_l I in and wateY--ltL
GO scicker added
DimiLin 3 j oil ( 1 1b c 1 AU bull jJ - ct1 oct fl Keroaerie+ KerOS(~rle
I)rrlilirl 3 3 ~)il
-+- Tr5_tor )-19D1- r 3 lb ai gaJI~
water
Se-r]] fl-4-0il + ) SJ Cl IA ~6 middotJZ K81~GSe~ne
Kero serle 10 lb J_~ o~A 8 07 ~Kt-~-cosene
bull ~)~ vin -J i-Cil i -~
bull Se ~i ~L( Lt- 0 i 1
bull11 r X-190
wa teT
bull
bull
Plot Establishrnent TLe test plots were established Ln an area adjacent to the 1975 study area in Clinton COill1ty Peru1sylvania This area met the following requirements (l) a building population in whi ch there had been no Bore than 1 years noticeable defoliation prior to the test year (2) a readily measureabJe population of egg masses and (3) a predominance of preferred host trees (oaks)
Each So acre square plot was laid out by establishing an accessible base corner and plotting boundary lines along compass headings Harkers were placed at 811 four corners for aircraft guidance Within each 50 acre plot 5 s~bplots (01 acre) or sampling units were randomly established These subplots were representative of the entire plot and served as samplshying points throughout the experiment Sampling points were similarly e s tab l i shec in untreated check areas to measure natural ccndi tions
Application The application schedule was de s i gned so that material was to be applied when the majority of the larvae were in the late second inshystar stage and the oak foliage was 50-75 expanded One exception to this was the early treatment of Ililllilin that was applied at early 1st instar when oak foliage was less than ~~ expanded
NatErials were mixed and transferred into the aircraft with conventional equipment (mixing tank pumps hoses measuring devices and necessary safety equipment) All niXing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between each treatment to avoid adulteration Radio communications were maintained be tween the ground conditions of wind velocity and materials dispersement
All plots W8T8 treated wi th a Ces~ma Ag Truck al rcraff e quippe d wi th a hydraulic 3rven 2wpellr pump arid 2 converrt i onai STJT3y system (see Table II) The airplane disperse- the craterial lliS fxd- 3wa-ths at ])1 mph as near to tree top level as po ss Lb l e wi th 5 fTcurcl -ird velocity of less than 5 mph
-15shy
bull 1
bullbull bullbullbullbullbull
------- ------gt-_-------------- shy
I1aterial Noz zl e s Orifice
Di miLi n 2 middotIP 006 It d t falA (eal12l) D8-L5 Q
006 10 2j lsd11A DP-middothS Dd-L[r C006 Ib aigallA
J)imillc J 3 (~1 +
Kerosene 003 it Dlqt 80C2FF
Dimilin 1 ~ 0j J
Tli ton X-I + water
8002FF
05 lb aiqt C~~ 2f ~1
iraquo 1b 3iL_ ozA
o 5 ib middot--1 L
10 Lb 8iL-O D002FF
-Evalll~_tior~ ~~~~)~-h ~--Tn~ZIJ8n t J(~~~ emiddot~Ll1at(-a r~(l1Tl the s tandpo trrt of fo lLage protec t i or -ti16 TC [)J-L t -1 crj T~dJ lt middott~ t
tClt)[[l li~LlfiJ 0stJIuates of t~e deg-ree of I rLo t s a t the termination of larval
) f-L CL[ ~ ~ C~-j Lnl rL~~
CC)Lj]gtajng f~_vJ -- ru t C 3 ~ T j 11~
arI~ pl o C5 b~i prl i ~cd p- I Spmiddotrciy JJ -~~LLtl the ex ~ept~---~~ TLrrli~lL ) ~1 all
7shy k( I~C Smiddot- rlE~ _gti~ ~~ - t -) X-19 1 ) -I 12-(middotmiddot-shy ~L~~- ~)l~j_l-in WF
gtrhi c h ~[c -~1 (~ n( -t~ ~I()X ina te ~Y r~ Ii ~~V 1 tf-~r trea tmsnt
(middot~middotf-_lmiddotmiddotl
)JJ
bullbull
ConoIus ion i PT~~i i nunarv data S11~)W tha t all formuLa r ions o r rljiti~l 8JG
Sevin-L-oLl + kcrosble rave (~xce~_ ent results in larval reductJon FrLlbullegg mass vcount L ~ hi macJe +0 Cetenline i this conoi tion continues to hold true
bull One nitial -()nI~ 1~~-)_~2- th_L~ 3~hOv1=~ oxceLlent po ten LLaI is the fact tIlat DimiLi rs - c P JbfcYi appl ie_l at H20 f viJ E le S8 than S oak f()l~_~tge ~-~(lDsicr~ gave g~o)d f- LJ~~(- p-otmiddotciinl and r-uced l arval actishy
bull v ty rl1~aj1~-~1tly ltbullbull T=~ LY 10 )C
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- II II II -shyAfl~U1GE COUNT
10 +shy 0 cc o o o o
~ ~- coe DinuLln 25 wP (early) 06 IbgallA
~~ Dimilin 25 vIP (normal) 06 Ib2 qtA
fojf-
~ I-j CD
~~-~~X~~~~-~~~-~~~~bull
Sevin-4-oil - Kerosene 1 Ib40 ozA
Dirnilln 33 oil - TXl90shy ~CJter 03 IbqtA
Dimilin 33 oil - Kerosene 03 IbqtA
l1 1 CD I
(fJ
0 f-j
~
~ ~ ~
10 1--3 CD r p g c+ CD
f-J p1
~ ~
~~
~~
~~~
lmiddotmiddot 1 IXlt)0 ir t ~ hI + rJeJln-+-OT - - Wo el bullJ UfIi
D middot J tro 06 Ib ~ Ianui rn ~ vvr- gaL li
Sevin I J K~Yr c-nIle lt Ibq+ r0t l-+-j _~L - u gtJ bull 1 - _J bull vi l
~d
o to c+ bullto
d - ~
I
m c+ I-jf-J
~ o o
~ (fJ
~~ Sevin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water 1 Ib) OZA
~~~ Sevirl--4-oil - Txl90 - Water 25 IbqtA
I -- (X)
I
~)t)~ E Untreated Ch8Cks
-bullbull Ptlo~SNI tuLIIGF f3fiE-1IlN
tV Jgt 0shy co o o o o o o
061bgalA D-lmilin 25 WP (early)
I - I Iebull uO J-o I~ erG i1 JimHin 25 wP (normal) I-rj
j-J
o~ f-J (1)
Sevin-4-oil - Kero sene I--~ Ib40 ozA I-rj ll 0 UJ I-
~h 0 lbmiddot(jmiddott gt - 11 DirJlin 33 oil - TXl90 - Water I-- p1 CD UJ CD UJ
rI-~ Diu-Uin 33 oiI - Ke ro ~ene 00Obull 3 1(1 qt 1-
sect co
f-- c+ OJ-J ampl 0
~evin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water bull l51bqtA
lJ f-J CD
DiJ1lilin 25 l-lP I06 IbgalA to
1j f-J Pl
lti
51bqtA _ Sevin-L~-oil - Kero sene pD H o I-- j-J
-o
p c+~ Ib40 OZA _ Sevin-L-oil - TXl90 - Water f-J
~
25 IbqtA Selin-4-oil - TX1-90 - ltIater
Untreated Checks I
f- -0
I
I I II II III I
II II II II
-
Project Number GM 613 Project Title Field Testing of Ground Applied Insecticides Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Larry L Herbaugh W H McLane C R Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Experimental use permits were received from EPA in early June 1976 for testing Orthene 75S Imidanreg 50 Wp Sevi~) 80S In addishytion to the above Sevin-4-oil with water and NTN 9306 were tested
One-acre plots were established in the Bald Eagle State Forest lands in Centre and Clinton Counties Pennsylvania These plots contained a measureshyable population of gypsy moth eggs and were located in heavily wooded areas representative of campground situations
These plots were established so that they were ca 200 feet square with a small dirt road dividing them Within each one-acre plot two subplots or sampling units were established Each of these illlits comprised 140 of an acre and was placed on each side of the road These 140 acre sampling units were used for all evaluations throughout the program
Application Only a small quantity of materials were needed for application Because of this materials were mixed on site using conventior~l mixing equipment and a nurse tank for a water supply All mixing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between treatments to avoid any adultershya tion
The materials were applied with a John Bean Mist Blower mounted on a 1-12 ton 4-wheel drive truck at the following rates
25 Ib a ir gal H20A
50 lb ai5 gal H20A Orthene 75S 10 It ai5 gal H20A Imidan So Wp 15 Ib ailS gal H20A and Sevin 80S 20 Ib ailS gal H2OA
3S Ib ai5 gal H2OA
Each of these dosages was replicated 3 times for each material
125 Ib ailS gal H20ANTN 9J06 50 Ib ai5 gal H20A
Sevin-4-oil and 20 Ib ailS gal H20A T X-190 + water 35 Ib ailS gal H20A
Evaluation Each treatment was evaluated from the standpoint of percent foliage protection larvae reduction using a 15 foot string count and egg massesacre reduction Tht latter data is not yet available at this vrriting
Foliage protection and larvae reduction are shown in the following table
-20shy
II - II - II II II II II II II - - II II -- shy -Foliage Average Larval String Counts
Material Dosage Protection Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment l 25 Ib ai5 gallA L~9 5 20 46 50 Ib ai5 gallA 667 25 22
10 lb ai5 gallA 854 30 20Imidan 50 wp 15 lb ai5 gallA 580 18 33
20 Ib ai5 gallA 565 2S 16 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 420 33 14
Check - 3middotS 19 8
1O25 Ib ai5 gallA -LL bull 5 26 5 So Ib ailS gallA 620 22 2
10 Ib ailS gallA 43middotS 23 2Sevin 80S 15 Ib ailS gallA 55S 22 1
20 Ib ailS gallA 827 26 1 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 894 2S S
Check - So 42 40
2S Ib ai5 gallA 800 29 6
50 lb ailS gallA 911-1 25 3 10 Ib ailS gallA SlLtO 26 2
NI Orthene 7SS ~J
15 Ib ailS gallA 9)-1-0 29 0 I 20 Ib ailS gallA 940 22 0
35 Ib ai5 gallA 940 19 0 Check - 7S 48 Sl
Sevin-4-oil + 20 1b ailS gallA 770 39 6 T X-190 + H2O 35 Ib ai5 gallA 870 3S 9
12S Ib ailS gallA 750 15 1NTH 9306 5 Ib ailS gallA 730 IS 2
oCheck - 20 10j
l Post-treatment readings based on 5th day after treatment
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Conclusion Initial results show that Imidan~ 50 Wp gave ca 5~o folia~~ protection and ca 16 larval reduction at the 3 higher dosages
SevillE 80S gave ca 76 foliage protection and ca 99 reduction in larval activity at the 3 higher dosages
Orthenereg 758 gave ca 94 foliage protection and ca 100 larval control at the 3 higher dosages
In comparison the two new formulations of Sevin-4-oil and T X-190 and H20 and NTN 9306 gave ca 8~o and 74 foliage protection respectively and ca 78 and 87 reduction in larval activity respectively
Data in the following table indicate that Orthene0) 758 and Sevi~ 80S will give the greatest degree of foliage protection as well as reducing larval activity on a 15 foot string count
-22shy
bullbull I)
I)
I)
I)
bullbullbullbullbull II II I)
II I)
II I)
Project Number GM 614 Proj8ct Title Evaluation of Pesticides for Browntail Moth Report Period April 1 1976 - September 31 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
The primary objective of this p~oject is to screen candidate materials against the browntail moth
Orthene reg was the only material tested against brown tail larvae
Dosage Instar 110rtali ty Days
After Treatment
1 IbaigalA II 92 2 05 IbaigalA II 100 2 025 IbaigalA II 96 2 012 IbaigalA II 90 2 006lbaigalA II 98 2 Check II loS 2
Mr McLane Mr Stockbridge Mr Stelle Mr Mosley and Mr Cartier met with Cape Cod National Seashore personnel to discuss future broNQtail work on the Cape A 5 year program was proposed as a result of the meeting and phone conversations vi th the Department of Interior and APHIS personnel
1976 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil ground plots with Sevin 80S
1977 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil Pyrethrin and Dimilin
1978 Select the most promising from the ones experimentally tested in 1976 and 1977 treat the entire infestation on Cape Cod using aircraft backpacks and mistblowers
1979 Clean up any infestation left
1980 Clean up any infestation left
However after a meeting wi th the Seashore Advisory Committee park super-shyintendent Hadley made a decision that no spraying should be done Q~til
the committee was informed of our plans and their approval was obtained To date this meeting has not come about
Meetings
Area I Managerial Meeting Hartford Corill Mr McLane gave a talk on the proposed 5 year broivntai1 moth program for Cape Cod Mass
Mr McLane met with Mr J KilIan Chief Environmentalist for the Cape Cod National Seashore to discuss the brovrrtaiL problem at the Seashore
-23shy
bullbullbullbull II II
bull II II II II
bullbullbullbullbull
Project Number (~riI 6l5 Project Title Regulatory Treatments (Laboratory - Field) Report Period AfrE 1 1976 - September W 1976 Report TJpe Irl tertIa Project Leaders Winfred H McLane L Ii Herbaugh J A Einney
The lack of effective treatment methods fer recreational vehicles and mobile homes is a major dficipncy Ll the APHIS Gypsy Hath regulatory program Slt1xpcIimentcl laboratory and field tests are conducted to develop improved techniques for cP2ling iii tt thi s and other r811atory problems
On December 191175 a residue test I2S s tartlaquo Nt) 7 irs(~ctiGiles Tvo hundr-ed tar paper squares (6 x 6) each were treated with insectjcide using amp c 5 It aita1 soLut i on SevfTI insecticideswere tested with 1 set of tar paper used fUJ a check The papers were treated to the point of runshyoff Half of t he paper-s were aged oucdoor-s tacked under (4 x 8) sheets of masonite haI f were hs Ld inside the laboratory Norie were exposed to sunlight
Ten newly h~tchd sectYl)sy noth larvae were exposed to tar paper sheets at 10 day Lnte rval a iC)r the f i r s t lCO days of aging fo Llowing treatment This was achieve by pLacing +he paper in a cyl inrrricaL cardboard container wi th artificial di et lt J10rta1 ity readings were( made after 24 hours and L8 hours
Mortality Hr- JJarvae Exposed After Naterial Aged
Material ~___ to IvIaterial U)() Days 200 Das 260 Lays
DDT 50 vp Insil1Ff lGO 100 32 inside ~CJO 100 100
0Outside 100 jlt 20 UlI1sideuro- 100 100 100
Resmethrin Inside 24 28 (EC) Inside )-8 oP R4 I ~)
IJutfLfle 24 28 48 7)-
SBP-l Sl) 2L R(8C) Ll~middot
OJ 9C -I iOe
96
10 1f)C
bullbull II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
bullbull
I10rtality Hr La~Jae Exposed After Ha terial
laterial Aged to r1aterial 100 Days 200 Days 26C Daye
Phoxin Inside 24 100 98 100 (EC) IIlside 48 100 100 100
Outs i de 24 100 100 100 Outside La 100 100 100
Pyrenone Inside 2L+ 34 46 2 (EC) insLde 48 60 72 46
cdOutside --I~ 38 16 a Outside I+8 61~ +2 28
I1onitor Inside ~I lUO )eLf 78 (L
G~)(EC) 118 1)0 100 Outsids 2Li 66 46
ooOutside LiS i(JO z jLi
) I Check Inside - -t 5~middot 26 0 - j
Insid~ hB ~L gt+ 6 l)uttir~c 4 20 2 Cllt3ide- ~t~~ t ~ 1+0 6
Based on Laboratrrv rfsul tc lJresented in the IJst report a field test was started August 3 196 with Iop Job pine scent wax [ax remover Dimilin and fire ex t ingui shcr agent Ten egg masses are be ing treated each month from August 3 197C unt i I April 1 1977 Five masses are being covered wi th black building paper and S are being left exposed lhree dosages of each material are being usel along wi th a check
During April 1977 211 eggs will be col Lec ted and incubated in the labora-middot tory for hatch If hatch can hi pr2vented it may be possible to uae one or more of thlaquo materials as a treatment on tr_L18rs and RVs
To date 3 t reatments haveJeer made
On June 23 19761+ uate r i al s (Sevin (583 S8 [n-i~-il Orthene and Lrridan ) most generally used f Jr gypsy mot h control h~ sprayed -+0 the poi rrt of runshyoff on 110 acre plots us ing a back-pack mist~jL)1er Dosago s usee were same as rec()mmeIldw~ in ths APHIS recillatorJ rnanual
Every 3 day fo11ovrC9 tl(~atment rliage was c oll eo te d and Lioassaysd against 3ro instar Larvae 1fCt~middot~ 72 hour lrtality reading being mado After 9middot days treated foliag wal stiLl givirfL~_2[pound211eln mortalitx
q ~[ortality After Material L Days Ul Days lC s3[S _
Sevin 8)3
Sev-inmiddotmiddotL-Gil OrtbeEe Imidan Check 17
--
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II
bullbullbullbull
II
Project Number GM 616 Project Title Field Testing of Javenile Hormone Analogs for Ovicidal
Activity Report Period Anril 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Itterim Project Leaders Charles P Schwa2be A P Norris
The juvenile hormone analogs Al tozar lE and ZR-t19 SE have been reported as having ovicidal properties When gypsy moth 8fg nasses are deposited on recently treated surfaces hat chab iLi ty yf 8ggS is reduced ZR-619 also appears to inhibit female moths from layingjhriT full complement of eggs Compounds with these properties may be user1 fOT regulatory treatments
Boles of white and red oak trees -lere sprayed foe tho point of ruri-off with water emulsions of Altozar and ZR-619 at 8g1 Ireatsents were aged for 1 3 7 14 21 and 28 days before bioassay At tb~ end of each aging period S or more 3 day old mated female moths from f Le Ld collected pupae were imprisoned on each of S trees (total ()f 25 replicatestreatment) Ihere were 10 replicates (2 trees) for each control The female moths that deposited egg masses were recovered (generally after one day) placed in polyethylene bags and frOZet111D riI they could be dissected to determine the number of unl a i d eggs Egg masses wiI 1 be coJlscted from the treated and control surfaces during IlecembQr 1976 an~ tested for embryonation parasi tization and ha tchabiLt ty
Females from the 1 3 7 and 28 day exposure pe r i ous have been dissected and unlaid eggs counted The results are shovn by the accompanying tab Le Preliminarily it appears that with the excep ti on of the 1 day ZR-61) treatment there was no effect of treatment on the nurnbe r of eggs laid by female moths It is interesting to note that laboratoryreaTf3(J tno th s were useci for the 1 day ZR-6l9 trea tluent Dcotailed disCUSSJCiD 01 thesA data will be deferred until all ]~eSl--l ts OCl egg smbryona t i on parc~si_ t i zation and hatchability have been obtained
-26shy
-----------
middot-------_ bullbullbull _~ bullbull EGGS lJlI11AID EY FENALES EXPOSED TO TRUNKS pHEATED WITH ALTOZAR 4E lIJm ZRmiddot-619 SE
Q2Y2129ynd
Iiays Treatment
ampif_~i
Numbe-r of Used
_fre~ t Control
Females Recovered
Tle~t __CoDjl~_
Numbe-r Unlaid Eggs Total Average
1reaJ_Qonto L)~1Zs~J_-0ontro1
Al i008) ) E~
ZI -~ I~~ 19 ~I~~
I
J 36 c )
14 Ij(1
32 ~
1 f 1~Lr
13 123[3 7G34
380 1797
387 )36
271 138 ~)
A1 t ozar I
11-- S1 C] ~ --
3
3 L~O
50 16 T1-s 1shy
30 ~)8
If) 1 -Llt
1394 1519
619 - (1 I
J-~
L+65 5hJ
Lf 13 493
A1 t-IZ~lX )~r~
~~R-C ~L9 ~jE
i ~ r ~O
Igt ~ c
15 18
J- 39
11 1 I LL4
104)~ l1-rr
660 F3S5
J26 292
508 632
I ) -J
I
Al t 0 L~i C i~)
-~Ti lt(j1 r)
Altozar wE Z11-(19 SE
)Q
~
- ~)
- 1 j
LJ
25 27
3j
30
12 -
-ii
14 IS
2S ~) ~
25 2S
10 1U
11 J 2
805 sed
1059 1398
2L~6 r(0
JJSO 9
2 3)
Li24 5)9
25() 6
12~ 7 391
JfJrtttcry r~ared iEIalCs ant] m3Jl~ used aUJthers ere fr-om f iel d collected pupae
bullbull Project Number GM 622
bull Project Title Responses of ~Ble Gypsy Moths to Traps as AffecteC ~
the PeatE of Pheromone Release Report Period April I 1976 - Septe~ber 30 1976
bullbull
Report Type Errcer im Project Leaders Charles P Sch~Lb2 E C Paszek
Preliminary trapping experiments with disparlure indicated that attracti-veshyness is affected by the rJte at which the pheromone is released from the trap Large amount s of lure seemed 0 have an inhfb i torr or repellent effect ConfLrmatorv studies were planned in which multiples of Corrre Ic fibers would be used to bait standaTd delta traps in order to define the pheromone ls1ea8e rate at which maxinnna attradiveness 10 sul ted Such inshyformation would be 2xcPPdingly useful in pI(eparnf specifications for comshy
bull mercial production of progTam pheromone dispenpers Unfortunately certain difficulties vpre encYLmtered in developing a sound expemiddotrinental program and it was suggested that this work be carried out by scientists at the
bullPennsylvania Stat Uni ve r-si ty Freliminary date have been made available to us but we 8re unable to uti I izhen in this report
bullExperiments in tti- pr)j0ct aCil Cl conduc tcd in collaboration with the ARS Optically active enantiCnj2rs of cis-Jlrparhrre were generously made available by Dr NarU1n(j~ Nagoya Uruve r-s i vs Iagoya Japan The objective of the tests was to determine the attractiveness (or other biological
bull properties) of tIl optically active ~nantiomers of disparlure Similar experiments were conducted by scientists from Nlchigan State University and the New York and C~~1nectiut State Agricultural Experimerct Stations
bullbullThese tests weI c onduc tcd in a natural infestation in FaTl River State Porest ILl lraps gtJere baited wit[ cc t t on dentJ wicks to which had been applied the indicated amcunt s of ( ) and-) (-) disparlure Delta traps were used in all ttsts i)fj a 25 III grid pat tfJ~11 rh) numbe r- of malt motho captured gtl2S reeordec c regular LrrtsrvaLs
In one experim8~lt the attrac tivene ns of racemic d i apar-I ure was compared with that of (+) enarrti omar Ihe rssults of middotshi test are given in Table 1
Table I Number of moths captur-sd il trans middotcLti ted with varying amount s elf racemic and optically active Hsparlure
1 L
lCCJC
------------------__-----_ _--__------shy
II II These ltlata clearly reflect -gt0 superior attractancy of the (+) enarrt iore r
compared with that of racemic mate r i al Approximately 10 X more raoths were captured with 100 ug (+) disP8rlure than with an equal amount of racemic pheromone Unfor-tuna te Ly limited amounts of the enantiomers
II prohibited testing at dosages gTeater than 10C ug and therefore it is
II not known if greater dosages woull -Lead to repeLten t or inhibitory effects It should also be noted that the Jptically active material contained ca 66 of its an t i podo Hirhly puCified pbermiddot~Cwj~e would likely yield someshywhat different data Ih_u is the first rcpc--t of 3~ clear relationship beshytween dosage and r-e sponee wheIc n_creased ple romone concentration y-ields a corresponding increase in ruoth response
II In another test the inhLbi t ory properties ()f t1gt (-) s nant iomar- were quantified deti3rrninirlg tile at t ractivenes (~r var i cus ratios of (+) and (-) disparlure These lata a~e presented n Table I
bull Table II NWllber of riaLe mo trs captured in tIP -x1ited with various
t~r8rltiomer ra tios
bull ----- -~---_ I shy
ugtraJ ug -) per Average catch ( -I- ) -i- _----LQ_ llg ~~_ J2eL_tmiddotr~a=p _
9 jL o (I te 936 1 1 75 120
c99 _J j 3-68 63 I
bull J 00 ioo L+ 12 ~ ~I I ) 380 32
bull L159 59 ~ 08
As addi tiCmiddot] iJlCgt1EltS oi (-) middotnre tdded V_ ij CZS ccntaiuing 10 uij (+) a t tr-activene ss 22di~J jmiddotrc~8s-(~ dsmonc2at~E the Lnhib i tOIJ nature
Yn t he ( c-~ j bull_ 1 m n - v 11+ i (1 60L f th01 rllt~ - 11 ccuUCc JgO_Ll -l_~e au k bull t-_f- CO bullbull oa~ne I )0 0 v bull e
II bull ) - -- n -I- f- - ~ 1 s +--- +- bull - -- - f ( rl J l dOppOSle c_Dctl_bull )Eler hie e_ua ar tr-ac mvene so O~ + -LlSpar_Ure COU
Dot be ceteIlied ~~xt-aTJ)lation of the p]ttcCc data suggests that 9Cf~ (+) disp2rl1lle 1~Cl~_middot(J cap turv 15-~() t i mes a iafr ~ioths as TaGer-tic phero-shymane at tho 10 -cC -2vel
A rnore 6ta-iled -report i s cur-rentIy ceins- lYr-pT~P( JJ_C pub lication The manuacrLpt -middotimiddotL 1 c~ i ~11 uIsd ~ n tho nex t LacL8tcr_~ P~ IJort
Project Number GM 623 Project Title Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leader Charles P Schwalbe
There is no progress to report on this project A prototype apparatus is being assembled which will permit systematic evaluation of various collection substrates Recent papers report successful collection of airborn volatiles on Porapak Q and Molecular sieve If quantitative collection of disparlure from female moths is s11ccessful pheromone emission will be used as a standard for determining quality of insects mass reared under various conditions
I I I I I
-30shy
I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I
Project Number GM 626 Project Title Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leader Edward C Paszek
Tree Tanglefoot a natural product made from castor oil gum resins and vegetable wax was used as an adhesive for sJPSY moth traps for )6 years 1913-1969 It was replaced in 1970 with Tack Trap a synthetic plastic type adhesive (polyisobutylene) which was less costly and through field testing found to be more effective than Tree Tanglefoot in holding capshytured moths in a trap Tack Trap has gone up in price fr-om $0421b in 1970 to $130lb in 1976 A number of companies are marketing synthetic sticky compounds to protect trees from climbing insects and as bird reshypellants These compounds were compared with Tack Trap and Tree Tanglefoot to determine their effectiveness in holding ca~tured ~psy moths
8plusmn5 of the following six compounds were weighed and applied to approxishymately 286 cm2 of the interior surface area of Delta traps An aging study on 12 these open traps was conducted in the greenhouse at a tempshyerature range of 10degC to 32degC for 5) months (119-62376) A field bioassay was made on 71476 after 6 months of aging in a natural infestshyation followed by a laboratory bioassay 91676 after 8 months of aging
Table I Mean number of 6 Boths per trap after 1 hour field bioassay in heavy infestation 24 hour laboratory chamber bioassay with )00 released 6 moths
Field Laboratory
Tack Trap (new sample) 145 60 Bird Iang1efoot 120 90 Excelcide Bird Repellant 105 200 Tack Trap (old sample) t10 105 Stikem-Special Iree Tanglefoot
6S o r
14)1)
After 6 months of aging in open traps Tack Prap Bird Ianglefoot Excelshycide Bird Repellant and Stikem-Special held captur-ed native moths Tree Tanglefoot glazed over and was a poor adhesive When bioassayed Ln a laboratory chamber after 8 months oflging vri it released moths many moths entered and fLev out of the traps indcating that the adhe sive tend to dry out and stiffen after Long periods of aging
The remaining samples were stored folded flat on the shelf in a closed paper carton at room te~perature (approxi~ately 22C) B~th sets of traps were weighed after 6 weeks of aging (3176) to deterwiu8 weight loss of the adhesives due to voLat i Liza t i on of solvents
-ushy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
-32shy
bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II II II II
bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
-----
Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
- 34shy-
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
-35shy
II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
-shy
CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
I -v f)
I
10
bullbull C N
bull 0shy-It)---
C) ~
~ et
gtshy ~
-lt
l 1 o Li
u Clt bull z ~ l pH
V i) j
iJ2
~
1M
Ibull
0= I~U Z
I~~ 0 tx N U
Z ~
pound0 t
~ N ()
I~ I
+ J ~ J
a U Z
-Ro o
-J
o a ~
Z
o o 0 o- 00 ~
031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
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Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
I I
-50shy
I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
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Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
I I I I
I II
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Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
I
I
I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
I
I I I I I I I
-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
I
I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
I
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I -58shy
Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
II I I I
I I
I I
I
Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
-59shy
bullbullI
bullII
I
Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
-60shy
-------------------shy 111
--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
bull I I
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
I I I
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I -62shy
tests is being done can begin as soon as
I
I
Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
I I I I I
-63shy
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
I
I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
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- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
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III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullI
APPENDIX
Title Page
Appendix 1 Repellents of Late Instar Gypsy Moth Larvae 66
-5shy
II
bullbull
Project Number GM 611 Project Title Laboratory Screening of Candidate Pesticides
Against the Gypsy Moth bull Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
bullbull The main objective of this laboratory screening project is to collect
mortality data on registered and experimental compounds potentially useshyful against the gypsy moth evaluating the data and selecting suitable materials for field testing
The following materials were tested against gypsy moth larvae using the
bulloak seedling test technique
bull
Material Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Mortality
bullABG-6070 Abbott 025 Ib8ozA II 100
012 Ib4ozA II 99 006 Ib2ozA II 97
bulloOJ IblozA II 81
001 Ib gA II 66 Check II 1
bull (05 parts
piperonyl butoxide to 1 part ABG-6070) 02 Ib10ozA II 100
01 Ib 5ozA II 99
bull 005 Ib25ozA II 94 00251bl25ozA II 64 0012 Ib62ozA II 52
Check II 0
bullbull (1 part pipershy
anyl butoxide to 1 part ABG-6070) 02 Ib16ozA II 99
bull01 Ib8ozA II 100
tl 005 Ib4ozA II 97 002 Ib2ozA II 96
001 IblozA II 83 Check II a
bull(2 parts pipershy
bullanyl butoxide to 1 part ABG-6070) 02 Ib24ozA II 100
01 Ib12ozA r 100 005 Ib 6ozA II 99
TT 0025 Ib 3ozA ---L 89 It TT
bullLL0012 Ibl5ozA 65
Check II 1
bull
Days After
Treatment
6 6 6 6 6 6
4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4
-6shy
aer al Company Dosage Tnstar Weather
ABG-J7Q Abbott (L parts piperony1 juoxde to 1 part ASG-6J7D) 02 lb320zA II 100
01 1b160zA II 100 005 1b 80zA II 97 0025 Ib 4ozA II 90
0012 1b 20zA II 86 -r--Check L o
(6 parts pishyperony1 butoxide to 1 Dart ABG-6070) 02 1b640zA II 99
01 Ib320zA II 95 005 Ib16ozA II 94 L 0025 1b 8ozA II 51 L
002 Ib 40ZA II 48 4III
Check II o 4
bullbull (Piperonyl
butoxide only) 10 lbgalA II 5 5 05 lbgalA II 3 5
025 lbga1A II o 5 012 lbga1A II 7 5 006 1bgalA II o r
bull
Check II o 5
bullDecis Procida 0013 IbgalA 11 97 L
00065 IbgalA II 98 LI
1)0032 IbgalA II 89 I
bull
00016 IbgalA II 90 000082 ItgalA II 51 L
Check o L
Decis It 0013 lbgalA II 1 85 L
II 2 78 )
bull II II J 83
I II II
bull
II 1 (J6 Newfilm)
II II 1 (J6 Chevron
bullII
1 Sticker) 4 II 1
(Jo Pinolene Sticker) 4
-7shy
--- -
---
_=shy - -- - --
~Iaterial Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Mortal i -- - ~-= -- = -=- -shy
0ecis Procida 00065 ngalA II 1 65 II 2 66
J II 3 58 fI II 1
(Yo Nu-film 17) 7S L TT 1i--l
(Jlo Chevron Sticker) 41
1 II 1 (50 Pinocene
Sticker) 53 4 00032 lbgalA II 1 59 4
H II 2 56 3 II 3 35 4
00016 IbgalA II 1 34 4 II 2 27 3
H H H II 3 23 4 H H 00008 IbgalA II IH 22 4
H II 2 24 3 II 3H 21 L
Checks a 4 = 0013 lbgalA II (2 hr artificial 1JV light) 100 7
7 ~ 0006) Iblial A II 87 I
bull H
00032 OtciJ i II 28 7
bull H
iI 00016 2- t-gallA I 3L~ 7
I 00008 IbgalA II 20 7 Check 0 7
00013 lbgalA II (4 hr artificial UV light) 90 4
00065 lbgalA II 60 4 00032 IbgalA II 12 4
bullbull H
H
00016 lbgalA II 9 4 00008 IbgalA II 4 4
Check 0 4 OOlJ lbgalA II (2 hr natural
sunlight) 99 6
bull H 00065 l1)galA II 97 6
Ii T~00032 ~bgaA 86 6
bull
H 00016 IbgalA II 67 6 I OOOOEl ItgalA II 35 IJ
Check 0 6 0013 IbgalA IT (4 hr naturalj
sunlight) 66 2 00065 IbgalA TT 32 2_LJ
bull j l irJ i t
00032 ))a-I raquo - 40 2 00016 IbgalA II 29 2
bull
t t OOG08 Ibfla A II H 17 2 Check 0 2
bull -8shy
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-- - ~
2crial Company Dosage l8r-C ~ - --- --_ --shyInstar Weather Agirg - - - -- -- shy
l~FMC 30980 FMC 0062 lbgalA II r -
J~ shy~ O0312 IbgalA II -~ shy~
0015 IbgalA II 58 shy
0007 1bgalA II 16 5 0003 lbga1A II 7 5
Check a 5 0025 lb gaL A II 1 61 7 0012 lbgalA II 1 70 7 0062 1-1_u ga II 1 15 7
bull IIA
0003 ItgalA II 1 5 7 0001 1bgalA TT 1 ij I~1
7
bull
Check II 1 7
middotT 35171 FMC 02 ItgalA II 100 3 01 lbgalA II 100
bull J
005 lbgalA II 100 3
bull 0025 1bgalA II 99 3
0012 1tgalA II 99 3 0006 IbgalA II 99 4 II Tshy
10003 IbgalA 100 L~ 0001 1bgalA II 100
bull 4shy 00007 lbgalA II 97 4
Check 1 4 002 lbga1A II 1 100 5
001 Lb~ Igal- li II 1 100 5I
bull I 0006 IbgalA II 1 100 5
0003 lbg-alA II 1 96 5 0001 lbgalA 1 1 1 90 5
r-
bull TTCheck LL 0
bull - -
~3497 FMC 02 ngalA II 98 4 01 lbgalA II 95 4 005 lbgalA II 87 4 002 IbgalA II 75 L 001 lbgalA II 51 4
bull Check II a 4
002 ngalA II 1 17 6 001 1bga1A II 1 15 6
bull
0006 lbgalA II 1 10 6 0003 ItgalA II 1 7 6 I
n j VUJ
r~ IbgalA II 1 6
bull ~
Check J 6
-_ G li]1C 021 IbgalA II 100 P ~- A 3
010 oIE L II 100 1rl
0052 IbgalA n 100 1
I 0026 IbgalA II 100 1
it 0013 IbgalA II 81 3 0006 1 A 1 I gal II 92 4
TT 4 0003 IbgalA 67L~
11 00016 111 A J fla1 II 29 4 T- 4Check 0J
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Day
bullbull After
Material Company Do sago Instar Weather Aging Nor tal Lty Treatment
FMC 45498 FMC OO2( middotbgalA II 1 40 5 CJ in 3 ~_ b sal A II 1 L) 5
bull T 000 1r)g-al~A JL 1 25 5
oC() lbira1A II 1 10 5 cooi Hq]lAJ 01lt- II 1 I) 5~
bull
( -le~K II i S
pp 383 leI l~O iJ~Cil A II leo 2
bull I bull A 0) LUI gcU II 100 2
~ ~ S IbgaiA l L 100 3 (1 - TT 3J ~ l-LlasalA 100
bull
A1n gal) II 1
1 1 ] II
I 006 - 90 1 I C03 lgtjga ii 93 6
TT r1 J 001 lbgc11 69 v
OG07 tSr l 1I 49 61ha II
bull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Il 11 9 C~(J) ~J f I-~ ( I J l II 33 6_Ishy
I I P r
~)~DO_ 1-) -al~J I 1 J1 16 5 II TTGlICOO9 b ~S8Jt -t 7 5
j L I p 1 J A (~ w ()C)oLi L U Kctl n IT 1 5 i~t ~(ck 11 0 5
RE-218 RahID - )Haas O lt)c Lgal- II 1 86 J
q (j it(1 I h i t~ 1 A -
-- ~ Clti)L i J II 1 96 3 ll II 1 96 3
~T
o j-1A 1 bullbull 1 64 3
11 1 28 3 -J1C k 0 3
2umithion S tauflaquo n (feY -- lbgalA II 100 Lt
OilS 1b gEtl 1 II (+15 Atlox) 100 Lt p u ) 1b r 1 II (+15 Sorpol) 100 gaL 11- 3
r ] 1-- 13 A ) 5 --I II 1 48 3 11 ~ 05 ugal L Jr 1 ( +15 Atlox) 26 3
o c 1b 13 I A- rr 1 (+15 Sorpo1) 17 1T I raquo ~ 1) 1- 3
o ~ S~ b6d L d II 1 (+ Y6 Rhop1ex Sticker) 100 4
n v- l-bgatA II 2 (+Jib Rhoplex Sticker) CG L
J bull ~
r~ r- bull J 1) gelmiddot i1li L1 3 (+10 Rhonlex Sti~ker) 100 5
o J- ~CJ LA II 1 (+15 Atlox + Y6 Rhoplex
Sticker) reoj)
c o itgalA II 2 (+15 Atlox + 16 Rhoplex
Stickel) 64 4 J tf
lu-r II (+15 Atlox +J r
1A Rhop1ex
Sticker) 81 5
-10shy
bullbullbullbull
~~-P~
81 -~ shyMaterial Company Dosage Instal Weather Aging Mortal qy Irsa =e-
Sumithion Stauf-D ~ npounda 1 Itfer tgt -- II 1 (+15 Sarpal +
7J1 JO Rhaplex
Sticker) 99 L r A (+15 Sorpa1 +0 bull ~
i~lt) l~-oGc I ~- 1) II 2
Jo Rhon1ex Sti~ker) 99 4
~ ~T r) II
~) uI gall it 4l1 3 (1-15 Sorpol + Jo Rhoplex
Sticker) 80 5 fl bull 1 la- 1 A (JS C) t4L f 11 100 41-
I O~ ItgalA II (+15 Atlox) 100 3 - 1 TT itgt C JbgaJ ti -L (+190 Sorpal) 99 3
b egtl~- it L 1 32 3 t-1 TT - 5
ga A J 1 (+15 Atlax) 11 3 r-l
-
I~~ ~ 1-0 ~cl A II III lJ Sarpal)C-_) + ~ 13 30
I A l~l Ill J cV~ II 1 (+ 31~ Rhaplex Sticker) 95 4
TTI hcl~ i CC-- o lL 2 74 6 ( J_ =- gSL Ji 1 3 85 5 t~
~~_ i coEt Ii 1 (+ JIo Atlax + JIo Rhap1ex
Sticker) 97 ) -tshy ~ --T-t - bull l_ 2 (+ Jo Atlcx +
j( Rhoplex Sticker) 71 6
I ~ k_ 5 ( T]~ AtLox +
] lhoplex Sticker) 30
l r~ shy r ~) c~ I J~- 1 1 (+1 Sorpal + JIo Rhoplex
Sticker) 94 4 iI 1 r- g -o l A (+15 Sarpol +-~~ S _ u __ TT
bull_ )LL
JIo llhoplex sticker) 76 6
It r-11
~middot -iA U bLJ II 3 (+15 Sarpal + 3 Rhaplex
Sticker) 66 5 Checks 0 6
VEL 3883 r e1 si~ -r-vshycol _L 1 bC[i~L IA J i 99 6
H J ~~J euromiddotmiddott J A 99 6
fil If o g8 A 100 6
v 1~ - L gLllA ~l 89 o TT L
~ ( J6 (cilA 85 6
L ~E- 1 IA II 77 6 H -j 1-- ~-- ~ -= ~~ 156 _~ _ tdL H II 65 6 I ~ ~ C073 ~L (pound7)1 1~ 1L 26 6 If j ~ r)() )0 1 t A Li 10 6_1
CL~z L 0 6
-11shy
J)----Cl c
~+~---IJ_ ~__
Via terial Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Nortality TrGlt-e
VEL 3883 Velsi shy-1 col 10 lbga1A II -- )
05 1bga1A II 1 ~
II t--~025 1bgalA II 1 2 -012 1bga1A II 1 2 5
006 1bga1A II 1 0 c -Check II 0 )
irk continued with the new SevinID-4-oil formulation The viscos i ty o f ( formulations was tested
bullbullbullbullbull -12shy
The Tri toamp X-190 and Sevint-lt-cil formulation was field tested at
LO Ibs a i qt fA bull 0 uraquo Ell bull I qt I
025 lbs ai qt A
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbull-13shy
This formulation vlaS compar-ed tc SeviIi0-4-oil and kerosene at
10 Ibs ai40ozA0 Ibs aiatA
We are happy to rfport that Orthene-E 75S and Djm51iamp 25 Wp ve rc registered by the Uni ted States Environmental Protection Acncy for gJpsy moth use
Orthene 7SS
By a i r - 23 to 1 1L a i 2 qt H20A
hBy air - 003 to )06 lb a~ I i or 2 galA
The Ot_s laborltory and field rews played a grect part in the success of both mat8ria~81lt
__ltl- IjJSixteen gall ons ly)rthern red oak Jcmiddot-r118 were colI f~ted and stored in
cold storage
A totaI It --~ ~fL)13(ti(~i_l 88-~p~~~~s IT~jl1~ ~eCf~velt ~-()l ~~_8J)Clrato~rr and field tejts
Much of t ru s YCPO]tD peTioieJ STJmiddot~middott work i nr jYJ che field on experimental insecticide plats
A sui +able land-fill for the disposed cd emp ty onc~e( t ic ide containers was Loca t ed in Plainvi Ll Le ]Viaco lhis is about 6C i Les from Otis and is reshycommended by the Boston off i ce of Uni tec f372tes Environmental Protection Agency
Host Laboratory equipment-Ims packed ready for moving into the new building
I~etings
JIr HcLane gave talk 01 th Eftgt eetment made in 1(316 and demonstrated
ec davs in Hyat t svilLe H]) work i ng on apshy
bull
bull
bull
bullbull
bull
bull
bull bull
bull
bull
bullbullbull
Project Number GN 612 Project Title 1976 Field Studhs of Differen~ E()rmulations of
IrlnuLin and Sevin-)-1--0il Report Period April 1 1976 September 30 1976 Report lype P t T TO lecmiddot LJeaGers
Interim Larrry L Herbaugh w H l1cLane C H Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Each year f or the past 3 generation3 the gypsy moth Lymantri8 dispar (L) bas defci Latori thouaands of ac re s of forested Land in t he northeast Because of tht s investigations bTe corrt inual l y be i ng carried out to evaluate new materies and new fITfillations of current registpred ~ateria18
IVlaterlaJs and Methods In 1970 the following rnat0rial~ and fo rmula tions were tested for gypsy moth con t r o l DimiLin op Dilli1in 3middot~ Gil keroser18 Dimilj~rl j middot3 oil + TlitolJ X-190 + water Se~Tin-J-(Jil + kerosene arid Se-rJin-Lt-oil t- TLampt ton xmiddot~ l~)() + JcLtE-r Each ell the maLer-La~_S va s aerially applied to 50 acre plots Hi 3 replicates for ov aLua t i on Table I gives the details on chemical concentration and application rate
IabLs I Details of 19c6 formula t i (lUS field tested
-------------__------------Cllemical Concent ra t ion
and I1a tcrial APl21 Leat_ign Ra te- __ __ _Eerm~middotdlts ___ _
9DVcd a t less than 7) iage expansion
L~_l I in and wateY--ltL
GO scicker added
DimiLin 3 j oil ( 1 1b c 1 AU bull jJ - ct1 oct fl Keroaerie+ KerOS(~rle
I)rrlilirl 3 3 ~)il
-+- Tr5_tor )-19D1- r 3 lb ai gaJI~
water
Se-r]] fl-4-0il + ) SJ Cl IA ~6 middotJZ K81~GSe~ne
Kero serle 10 lb J_~ o~A 8 07 ~Kt-~-cosene
bull ~)~ vin -J i-Cil i -~
bull Se ~i ~L( Lt- 0 i 1
bull11 r X-190
wa teT
bull
bull
Plot Establishrnent TLe test plots were established Ln an area adjacent to the 1975 study area in Clinton COill1ty Peru1sylvania This area met the following requirements (l) a building population in whi ch there had been no Bore than 1 years noticeable defoliation prior to the test year (2) a readily measureabJe population of egg masses and (3) a predominance of preferred host trees (oaks)
Each So acre square plot was laid out by establishing an accessible base corner and plotting boundary lines along compass headings Harkers were placed at 811 four corners for aircraft guidance Within each 50 acre plot 5 s~bplots (01 acre) or sampling units were randomly established These subplots were representative of the entire plot and served as samplshying points throughout the experiment Sampling points were similarly e s tab l i shec in untreated check areas to measure natural ccndi tions
Application The application schedule was de s i gned so that material was to be applied when the majority of the larvae were in the late second inshystar stage and the oak foliage was 50-75 expanded One exception to this was the early treatment of Ililllilin that was applied at early 1st instar when oak foliage was less than ~~ expanded
NatErials were mixed and transferred into the aircraft with conventional equipment (mixing tank pumps hoses measuring devices and necessary safety equipment) All niXing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between each treatment to avoid adulteration Radio communications were maintained be tween the ground conditions of wind velocity and materials dispersement
All plots W8T8 treated wi th a Ces~ma Ag Truck al rcraff e quippe d wi th a hydraulic 3rven 2wpellr pump arid 2 converrt i onai STJT3y system (see Table II) The airplane disperse- the craterial lliS fxd- 3wa-ths at ])1 mph as near to tree top level as po ss Lb l e wi th 5 fTcurcl -ird velocity of less than 5 mph
-15shy
bull 1
bullbull bullbullbullbullbull
------- ------gt-_-------------- shy
I1aterial Noz zl e s Orifice
Di miLi n 2 middotIP 006 It d t falA (eal12l) D8-L5 Q
006 10 2j lsd11A DP-middothS Dd-L[r C006 Ib aigallA
J)imillc J 3 (~1 +
Kerosene 003 it Dlqt 80C2FF
Dimilin 1 ~ 0j J
Tli ton X-I + water
8002FF
05 lb aiqt C~~ 2f ~1
iraquo 1b 3iL_ ozA
o 5 ib middot--1 L
10 Lb 8iL-O D002FF
-Evalll~_tior~ ~~~~)~-h ~--Tn~ZIJ8n t J(~~~ emiddot~Ll1at(-a r~(l1Tl the s tandpo trrt of fo lLage protec t i or -ti16 TC [)J-L t -1 crj T~dJ lt middott~ t
tClt)[[l li~LlfiJ 0stJIuates of t~e deg-ree of I rLo t s a t the termination of larval
) f-L CL[ ~ ~ C~-j Lnl rL~~
CC)Lj]gtajng f~_vJ -- ru t C 3 ~ T j 11~
arI~ pl o C5 b~i prl i ~cd p- I Spmiddotrciy JJ -~~LLtl the ex ~ept~---~~ TLrrli~lL ) ~1 all
7shy k( I~C Smiddot- rlE~ _gti~ ~~ - t -) X-19 1 ) -I 12-(middotmiddot-shy ~L~~- ~)l~j_l-in WF
gtrhi c h ~[c -~1 (~ n( -t~ ~I()X ina te ~Y r~ Ii ~~V 1 tf-~r trea tmsnt
(middot~middotf-_lmiddotmiddotl
)JJ
bullbull
ConoIus ion i PT~~i i nunarv data S11~)W tha t all formuLa r ions o r rljiti~l 8JG
Sevin-L-oLl + kcrosble rave (~xce~_ ent results in larval reductJon FrLlbullegg mass vcount L ~ hi macJe +0 Cetenline i this conoi tion continues to hold true
bull One nitial -()nI~ 1~~-)_~2- th_L~ 3~hOv1=~ oxceLlent po ten LLaI is the fact tIlat DimiLi rs - c P JbfcYi appl ie_l at H20 f viJ E le S8 than S oak f()l~_~tge ~-~(lDsicr~ gave g~o)d f- LJ~~(- p-otmiddotciinl and r-uced l arval actishy
bull v ty rl1~aj1~-~1tly ltbullbull T=~ LY 10 )C
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- II II II -shyAfl~U1GE COUNT
10 +shy 0 cc o o o o
~ ~- coe DinuLln 25 wP (early) 06 IbgallA
~~ Dimilin 25 vIP (normal) 06 Ib2 qtA
fojf-
~ I-j CD
~~-~~X~~~~-~~~-~~~~bull
Sevin-4-oil - Kerosene 1 Ib40 ozA
Dirnilln 33 oil - TXl90shy ~CJter 03 IbqtA
Dimilin 33 oil - Kerosene 03 IbqtA
l1 1 CD I
(fJ
0 f-j
~
~ ~ ~
10 1--3 CD r p g c+ CD
f-J p1
~ ~
~~
~~
~~~
lmiddotmiddot 1 IXlt)0 ir t ~ hI + rJeJln-+-OT - - Wo el bullJ UfIi
D middot J tro 06 Ib ~ Ianui rn ~ vvr- gaL li
Sevin I J K~Yr c-nIle lt Ibq+ r0t l-+-j _~L - u gtJ bull 1 - _J bull vi l
~d
o to c+ bullto
d - ~
I
m c+ I-jf-J
~ o o
~ (fJ
~~ Sevin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water 1 Ib) OZA
~~~ Sevirl--4-oil - Txl90 - Water 25 IbqtA
I -- (X)
I
~)t)~ E Untreated Ch8Cks
-bullbull Ptlo~SNI tuLIIGF f3fiE-1IlN
tV Jgt 0shy co o o o o o o
061bgalA D-lmilin 25 WP (early)
I - I Iebull uO J-o I~ erG i1 JimHin 25 wP (normal) I-rj
j-J
o~ f-J (1)
Sevin-4-oil - Kero sene I--~ Ib40 ozA I-rj ll 0 UJ I-
~h 0 lbmiddot(jmiddott gt - 11 DirJlin 33 oil - TXl90 - Water I-- p1 CD UJ CD UJ
rI-~ Diu-Uin 33 oiI - Ke ro ~ene 00Obull 3 1(1 qt 1-
sect co
f-- c+ OJ-J ampl 0
~evin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water bull l51bqtA
lJ f-J CD
DiJ1lilin 25 l-lP I06 IbgalA to
1j f-J Pl
lti
51bqtA _ Sevin-L~-oil - Kero sene pD H o I-- j-J
-o
p c+~ Ib40 OZA _ Sevin-L-oil - TXl90 - Water f-J
~
25 IbqtA Selin-4-oil - TX1-90 - ltIater
Untreated Checks I
f- -0
I
I I II II III I
II II II II
-
Project Number GM 613 Project Title Field Testing of Ground Applied Insecticides Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Larry L Herbaugh W H McLane C R Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Experimental use permits were received from EPA in early June 1976 for testing Orthene 75S Imidanreg 50 Wp Sevi~) 80S In addishytion to the above Sevin-4-oil with water and NTN 9306 were tested
One-acre plots were established in the Bald Eagle State Forest lands in Centre and Clinton Counties Pennsylvania These plots contained a measureshyable population of gypsy moth eggs and were located in heavily wooded areas representative of campground situations
These plots were established so that they were ca 200 feet square with a small dirt road dividing them Within each one-acre plot two subplots or sampling units were established Each of these illlits comprised 140 of an acre and was placed on each side of the road These 140 acre sampling units were used for all evaluations throughout the program
Application Only a small quantity of materials were needed for application Because of this materials were mixed on site using conventior~l mixing equipment and a nurse tank for a water supply All mixing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between treatments to avoid any adultershya tion
The materials were applied with a John Bean Mist Blower mounted on a 1-12 ton 4-wheel drive truck at the following rates
25 Ib a ir gal H20A
50 lb ai5 gal H20A Orthene 75S 10 It ai5 gal H20A Imidan So Wp 15 Ib ailS gal H20A and Sevin 80S 20 Ib ailS gal H2OA
3S Ib ai5 gal H2OA
Each of these dosages was replicated 3 times for each material
125 Ib ailS gal H20ANTN 9J06 50 Ib ai5 gal H20A
Sevin-4-oil and 20 Ib ailS gal H20A T X-190 + water 35 Ib ailS gal H20A
Evaluation Each treatment was evaluated from the standpoint of percent foliage protection larvae reduction using a 15 foot string count and egg massesacre reduction Tht latter data is not yet available at this vrriting
Foliage protection and larvae reduction are shown in the following table
-20shy
II - II - II II II II II II II - - II II -- shy -Foliage Average Larval String Counts
Material Dosage Protection Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment l 25 Ib ai5 gallA L~9 5 20 46 50 Ib ai5 gallA 667 25 22
10 lb ai5 gallA 854 30 20Imidan 50 wp 15 lb ai5 gallA 580 18 33
20 Ib ai5 gallA 565 2S 16 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 420 33 14
Check - 3middotS 19 8
1O25 Ib ai5 gallA -LL bull 5 26 5 So Ib ailS gallA 620 22 2
10 Ib ailS gallA 43middotS 23 2Sevin 80S 15 Ib ailS gallA 55S 22 1
20 Ib ailS gallA 827 26 1 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 894 2S S
Check - So 42 40
2S Ib ai5 gallA 800 29 6
50 lb ailS gallA 911-1 25 3 10 Ib ailS gallA SlLtO 26 2
NI Orthene 7SS ~J
15 Ib ailS gallA 9)-1-0 29 0 I 20 Ib ailS gallA 940 22 0
35 Ib ai5 gallA 940 19 0 Check - 7S 48 Sl
Sevin-4-oil + 20 1b ailS gallA 770 39 6 T X-190 + H2O 35 Ib ai5 gallA 870 3S 9
12S Ib ailS gallA 750 15 1NTH 9306 5 Ib ailS gallA 730 IS 2
oCheck - 20 10j
l Post-treatment readings based on 5th day after treatment
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Conclusion Initial results show that Imidan~ 50 Wp gave ca 5~o folia~~ protection and ca 16 larval reduction at the 3 higher dosages
SevillE 80S gave ca 76 foliage protection and ca 99 reduction in larval activity at the 3 higher dosages
Orthenereg 758 gave ca 94 foliage protection and ca 100 larval control at the 3 higher dosages
In comparison the two new formulations of Sevin-4-oil and T X-190 and H20 and NTN 9306 gave ca 8~o and 74 foliage protection respectively and ca 78 and 87 reduction in larval activity respectively
Data in the following table indicate that Orthene0) 758 and Sevi~ 80S will give the greatest degree of foliage protection as well as reducing larval activity on a 15 foot string count
-22shy
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II I)
II I)
Project Number GM 614 Proj8ct Title Evaluation of Pesticides for Browntail Moth Report Period April 1 1976 - September 31 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
The primary objective of this p~oject is to screen candidate materials against the browntail moth
Orthene reg was the only material tested against brown tail larvae
Dosage Instar 110rtali ty Days
After Treatment
1 IbaigalA II 92 2 05 IbaigalA II 100 2 025 IbaigalA II 96 2 012 IbaigalA II 90 2 006lbaigalA II 98 2 Check II loS 2
Mr McLane Mr Stockbridge Mr Stelle Mr Mosley and Mr Cartier met with Cape Cod National Seashore personnel to discuss future broNQtail work on the Cape A 5 year program was proposed as a result of the meeting and phone conversations vi th the Department of Interior and APHIS personnel
1976 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil ground plots with Sevin 80S
1977 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil Pyrethrin and Dimilin
1978 Select the most promising from the ones experimentally tested in 1976 and 1977 treat the entire infestation on Cape Cod using aircraft backpacks and mistblowers
1979 Clean up any infestation left
1980 Clean up any infestation left
However after a meeting wi th the Seashore Advisory Committee park super-shyintendent Hadley made a decision that no spraying should be done Q~til
the committee was informed of our plans and their approval was obtained To date this meeting has not come about
Meetings
Area I Managerial Meeting Hartford Corill Mr McLane gave a talk on the proposed 5 year broivntai1 moth program for Cape Cod Mass
Mr McLane met with Mr J KilIan Chief Environmentalist for the Cape Cod National Seashore to discuss the brovrrtaiL problem at the Seashore
-23shy
bullbullbullbull II II
bull II II II II
bullbullbullbullbull
Project Number (~riI 6l5 Project Title Regulatory Treatments (Laboratory - Field) Report Period AfrE 1 1976 - September W 1976 Report TJpe Irl tertIa Project Leaders Winfred H McLane L Ii Herbaugh J A Einney
The lack of effective treatment methods fer recreational vehicles and mobile homes is a major dficipncy Ll the APHIS Gypsy Hath regulatory program Slt1xpcIimentcl laboratory and field tests are conducted to develop improved techniques for cP2ling iii tt thi s and other r811atory problems
On December 191175 a residue test I2S s tartlaquo Nt) 7 irs(~ctiGiles Tvo hundr-ed tar paper squares (6 x 6) each were treated with insectjcide using amp c 5 It aita1 soLut i on SevfTI insecticideswere tested with 1 set of tar paper used fUJ a check The papers were treated to the point of runshyoff Half of t he paper-s were aged oucdoor-s tacked under (4 x 8) sheets of masonite haI f were hs Ld inside the laboratory Norie were exposed to sunlight
Ten newly h~tchd sectYl)sy noth larvae were exposed to tar paper sheets at 10 day Lnte rval a iC)r the f i r s t lCO days of aging fo Llowing treatment This was achieve by pLacing +he paper in a cyl inrrricaL cardboard container wi th artificial di et lt J10rta1 ity readings were( made after 24 hours and L8 hours
Mortality Hr- JJarvae Exposed After Naterial Aged
Material ~___ to IvIaterial U)() Days 200 Das 260 Lays
DDT 50 vp Insil1Ff lGO 100 32 inside ~CJO 100 100
0Outside 100 jlt 20 UlI1sideuro- 100 100 100
Resmethrin Inside 24 28 (EC) Inside )-8 oP R4 I ~)
IJutfLfle 24 28 48 7)-
SBP-l Sl) 2L R(8C) Ll~middot
OJ 9C -I iOe
96
10 1f)C
bullbull II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
bullbull
I10rtality Hr La~Jae Exposed After Ha terial
laterial Aged to r1aterial 100 Days 200 Days 26C Daye
Phoxin Inside 24 100 98 100 (EC) IIlside 48 100 100 100
Outs i de 24 100 100 100 Outside La 100 100 100
Pyrenone Inside 2L+ 34 46 2 (EC) insLde 48 60 72 46
cdOutside --I~ 38 16 a Outside I+8 61~ +2 28
I1onitor Inside ~I lUO )eLf 78 (L
G~)(EC) 118 1)0 100 Outsids 2Li 66 46
ooOutside LiS i(JO z jLi
) I Check Inside - -t 5~middot 26 0 - j
Insid~ hB ~L gt+ 6 l)uttir~c 4 20 2 Cllt3ide- ~t~~ t ~ 1+0 6
Based on Laboratrrv rfsul tc lJresented in the IJst report a field test was started August 3 196 with Iop Job pine scent wax [ax remover Dimilin and fire ex t ingui shcr agent Ten egg masses are be ing treated each month from August 3 197C unt i I April 1 1977 Five masses are being covered wi th black building paper and S are being left exposed lhree dosages of each material are being usel along wi th a check
During April 1977 211 eggs will be col Lec ted and incubated in the labora-middot tory for hatch If hatch can hi pr2vented it may be possible to uae one or more of thlaquo materials as a treatment on tr_L18rs and RVs
To date 3 t reatments haveJeer made
On June 23 19761+ uate r i al s (Sevin (583 S8 [n-i~-il Orthene and Lrridan ) most generally used f Jr gypsy mot h control h~ sprayed -+0 the poi rrt of runshyoff on 110 acre plots us ing a back-pack mist~jL)1er Dosago s usee were same as rec()mmeIldw~ in ths APHIS recillatorJ rnanual
Every 3 day fo11ovrC9 tl(~atment rliage was c oll eo te d and Lioassaysd against 3ro instar Larvae 1fCt~middot~ 72 hour lrtality reading being mado After 9middot days treated foliag wal stiLl givirfL~_2[pound211eln mortalitx
q ~[ortality After Material L Days Ul Days lC s3[S _
Sevin 8)3
Sev-inmiddotmiddotL-Gil OrtbeEe Imidan Check 17
--
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II
bullbullbullbull
II
Project Number GM 616 Project Title Field Testing of Javenile Hormone Analogs for Ovicidal
Activity Report Period Anril 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Itterim Project Leaders Charles P Schwa2be A P Norris
The juvenile hormone analogs Al tozar lE and ZR-t19 SE have been reported as having ovicidal properties When gypsy moth 8fg nasses are deposited on recently treated surfaces hat chab iLi ty yf 8ggS is reduced ZR-619 also appears to inhibit female moths from layingjhriT full complement of eggs Compounds with these properties may be user1 fOT regulatory treatments
Boles of white and red oak trees -lere sprayed foe tho point of ruri-off with water emulsions of Altozar and ZR-619 at 8g1 Ireatsents were aged for 1 3 7 14 21 and 28 days before bioassay At tb~ end of each aging period S or more 3 day old mated female moths from f Le Ld collected pupae were imprisoned on each of S trees (total ()f 25 replicatestreatment) Ihere were 10 replicates (2 trees) for each control The female moths that deposited egg masses were recovered (generally after one day) placed in polyethylene bags and frOZet111D riI they could be dissected to determine the number of unl a i d eggs Egg masses wiI 1 be coJlscted from the treated and control surfaces during IlecembQr 1976 an~ tested for embryonation parasi tization and ha tchabiLt ty
Females from the 1 3 7 and 28 day exposure pe r i ous have been dissected and unlaid eggs counted The results are shovn by the accompanying tab Le Preliminarily it appears that with the excep ti on of the 1 day ZR-61) treatment there was no effect of treatment on the nurnbe r of eggs laid by female moths It is interesting to note that laboratoryreaTf3(J tno th s were useci for the 1 day ZR-6l9 trea tluent Dcotailed disCUSSJCiD 01 thesA data will be deferred until all ]~eSl--l ts OCl egg smbryona t i on parc~si_ t i zation and hatchability have been obtained
-26shy
-----------
middot-------_ bullbullbull _~ bullbull EGGS lJlI11AID EY FENALES EXPOSED TO TRUNKS pHEATED WITH ALTOZAR 4E lIJm ZRmiddot-619 SE
Q2Y2129ynd
Iiays Treatment
ampif_~i
Numbe-r of Used
_fre~ t Control
Females Recovered
Tle~t __CoDjl~_
Numbe-r Unlaid Eggs Total Average
1reaJ_Qonto L)~1Zs~J_-0ontro1
Al i008) ) E~
ZI -~ I~~ 19 ~I~~
I
J 36 c )
14 Ij(1
32 ~
1 f 1~Lr
13 123[3 7G34
380 1797
387 )36
271 138 ~)
A1 t ozar I
11-- S1 C] ~ --
3
3 L~O
50 16 T1-s 1shy
30 ~)8
If) 1 -Llt
1394 1519
619 - (1 I
J-~
L+65 5hJ
Lf 13 493
A1 t-IZ~lX )~r~
~~R-C ~L9 ~jE
i ~ r ~O
Igt ~ c
15 18
J- 39
11 1 I LL4
104)~ l1-rr
660 F3S5
J26 292
508 632
I ) -J
I
Al t 0 L~i C i~)
-~Ti lt(j1 r)
Altozar wE Z11-(19 SE
)Q
~
- ~)
- 1 j
LJ
25 27
3j
30
12 -
-ii
14 IS
2S ~) ~
25 2S
10 1U
11 J 2
805 sed
1059 1398
2L~6 r(0
JJSO 9
2 3)
Li24 5)9
25() 6
12~ 7 391
JfJrtttcry r~ared iEIalCs ant] m3Jl~ used aUJthers ere fr-om f iel d collected pupae
bullbull Project Number GM 622
bull Project Title Responses of ~Ble Gypsy Moths to Traps as AffecteC ~
the PeatE of Pheromone Release Report Period April I 1976 - Septe~ber 30 1976
bullbull
Report Type Errcer im Project Leaders Charles P Sch~Lb2 E C Paszek
Preliminary trapping experiments with disparlure indicated that attracti-veshyness is affected by the rJte at which the pheromone is released from the trap Large amount s of lure seemed 0 have an inhfb i torr or repellent effect ConfLrmatorv studies were planned in which multiples of Corrre Ic fibers would be used to bait standaTd delta traps in order to define the pheromone ls1ea8e rate at which maxinnna attradiveness 10 sul ted Such inshyformation would be 2xcPPdingly useful in pI(eparnf specifications for comshy
bull mercial production of progTam pheromone dispenpers Unfortunately certain difficulties vpre encYLmtered in developing a sound expemiddotrinental program and it was suggested that this work be carried out by scientists at the
bullPennsylvania Stat Uni ve r-si ty Freliminary date have been made available to us but we 8re unable to uti I izhen in this report
bullExperiments in tti- pr)j0ct aCil Cl conduc tcd in collaboration with the ARS Optically active enantiCnj2rs of cis-Jlrparhrre were generously made available by Dr NarU1n(j~ Nagoya Uruve r-s i vs Iagoya Japan The objective of the tests was to determine the attractiveness (or other biological
bull properties) of tIl optically active ~nantiomers of disparlure Similar experiments were conducted by scientists from Nlchigan State University and the New York and C~~1nectiut State Agricultural Experimerct Stations
bullbullThese tests weI c onduc tcd in a natural infestation in FaTl River State Porest ILl lraps gtJere baited wit[ cc t t on dentJ wicks to which had been applied the indicated amcunt s of ( ) and-) (-) disparlure Delta traps were used in all ttsts i)fj a 25 III grid pat tfJ~11 rh) numbe r- of malt motho captured gtl2S reeordec c regular LrrtsrvaLs
In one experim8~lt the attrac tivene ns of racemic d i apar-I ure was compared with that of (+) enarrti omar Ihe rssults of middotshi test are given in Table 1
Table I Number of moths captur-sd il trans middotcLti ted with varying amount s elf racemic and optically active Hsparlure
1 L
lCCJC
------------------__-----_ _--__------shy
II II These ltlata clearly reflect -gt0 superior attractancy of the (+) enarrt iore r
compared with that of racemic mate r i al Approximately 10 X more raoths were captured with 100 ug (+) disP8rlure than with an equal amount of racemic pheromone Unfor-tuna te Ly limited amounts of the enantiomers
II prohibited testing at dosages gTeater than 10C ug and therefore it is
II not known if greater dosages woull -Lead to repeLten t or inhibitory effects It should also be noted that the Jptically active material contained ca 66 of its an t i podo Hirhly puCified pbermiddot~Cwj~e would likely yield someshywhat different data Ih_u is the first rcpc--t of 3~ clear relationship beshytween dosage and r-e sponee wheIc n_creased ple romone concentration y-ields a corresponding increase in ruoth response
II In another test the inhLbi t ory properties ()f t1gt (-) s nant iomar- were quantified deti3rrninirlg tile at t ractivenes (~r var i cus ratios of (+) and (-) disparlure These lata a~e presented n Table I
bull Table II NWllber of riaLe mo trs captured in tIP -x1ited with various
t~r8rltiomer ra tios
bull ----- -~---_ I shy
ugtraJ ug -) per Average catch ( -I- ) -i- _----LQ_ llg ~~_ J2eL_tmiddotr~a=p _
9 jL o (I te 936 1 1 75 120
c99 _J j 3-68 63 I
bull J 00 ioo L+ 12 ~ ~I I ) 380 32
bull L159 59 ~ 08
As addi tiCmiddot] iJlCgt1EltS oi (-) middotnre tdded V_ ij CZS ccntaiuing 10 uij (+) a t tr-activene ss 22di~J jmiddotrc~8s-(~ dsmonc2at~E the Lnhib i tOIJ nature
Yn t he ( c-~ j bull_ 1 m n - v 11+ i (1 60L f th01 rllt~ - 11 ccuUCc JgO_Ll -l_~e au k bull t-_f- CO bullbull oa~ne I )0 0 v bull e
II bull ) - -- n -I- f- - ~ 1 s +--- +- bull - -- - f ( rl J l dOppOSle c_Dctl_bull )Eler hie e_ua ar tr-ac mvene so O~ + -LlSpar_Ure COU
Dot be ceteIlied ~~xt-aTJ)lation of the p]ttcCc data suggests that 9Cf~ (+) disp2rl1lle 1~Cl~_middot(J cap turv 15-~() t i mes a iafr ~ioths as TaGer-tic phero-shymane at tho 10 -cC -2vel
A rnore 6ta-iled -report i s cur-rentIy ceins- lYr-pT~P( JJ_C pub lication The manuacrLpt -middotimiddotL 1 c~ i ~11 uIsd ~ n tho nex t LacL8tcr_~ P~ IJort
Project Number GM 623 Project Title Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leader Charles P Schwalbe
There is no progress to report on this project A prototype apparatus is being assembled which will permit systematic evaluation of various collection substrates Recent papers report successful collection of airborn volatiles on Porapak Q and Molecular sieve If quantitative collection of disparlure from female moths is s11ccessful pheromone emission will be used as a standard for determining quality of insects mass reared under various conditions
I I I I I
-30shy
I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I
Project Number GM 626 Project Title Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leader Edward C Paszek
Tree Tanglefoot a natural product made from castor oil gum resins and vegetable wax was used as an adhesive for sJPSY moth traps for )6 years 1913-1969 It was replaced in 1970 with Tack Trap a synthetic plastic type adhesive (polyisobutylene) which was less costly and through field testing found to be more effective than Tree Tanglefoot in holding capshytured moths in a trap Tack Trap has gone up in price fr-om $0421b in 1970 to $130lb in 1976 A number of companies are marketing synthetic sticky compounds to protect trees from climbing insects and as bird reshypellants These compounds were compared with Tack Trap and Tree Tanglefoot to determine their effectiveness in holding ca~tured ~psy moths
8plusmn5 of the following six compounds were weighed and applied to approxishymately 286 cm2 of the interior surface area of Delta traps An aging study on 12 these open traps was conducted in the greenhouse at a tempshyerature range of 10degC to 32degC for 5) months (119-62376) A field bioassay was made on 71476 after 6 months of aging in a natural infestshyation followed by a laboratory bioassay 91676 after 8 months of aging
Table I Mean number of 6 Boths per trap after 1 hour field bioassay in heavy infestation 24 hour laboratory chamber bioassay with )00 released 6 moths
Field Laboratory
Tack Trap (new sample) 145 60 Bird Iang1efoot 120 90 Excelcide Bird Repellant 105 200 Tack Trap (old sample) t10 105 Stikem-Special Iree Tanglefoot
6S o r
14)1)
After 6 months of aging in open traps Tack Prap Bird Ianglefoot Excelshycide Bird Repellant and Stikem-Special held captur-ed native moths Tree Tanglefoot glazed over and was a poor adhesive When bioassayed Ln a laboratory chamber after 8 months oflging vri it released moths many moths entered and fLev out of the traps indcating that the adhe sive tend to dry out and stiffen after Long periods of aging
The remaining samples were stored folded flat on the shelf in a closed paper carton at room te~perature (approxi~ately 22C) B~th sets of traps were weighed after 6 weeks of aging (3176) to deterwiu8 weight loss of the adhesives due to voLat i Liza t i on of solvents
-ushy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
-32shy
bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II II II II
bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
-----
Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
- 34shy-
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
-35shy
II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
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CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
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II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
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Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
-49shy
I I
Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
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I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
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Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
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Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
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I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
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-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
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I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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-------------------shy 111
--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
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AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
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~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
-69shy
I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
bullbull
Project Number GM 611 Project Title Laboratory Screening of Candidate Pesticides
Against the Gypsy Moth bull Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
bullbull The main objective of this laboratory screening project is to collect
mortality data on registered and experimental compounds potentially useshyful against the gypsy moth evaluating the data and selecting suitable materials for field testing
The following materials were tested against gypsy moth larvae using the
bulloak seedling test technique
bull
Material Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Mortality
bullABG-6070 Abbott 025 Ib8ozA II 100
012 Ib4ozA II 99 006 Ib2ozA II 97
bulloOJ IblozA II 81
001 Ib gA II 66 Check II 1
bull (05 parts
piperonyl butoxide to 1 part ABG-6070) 02 Ib10ozA II 100
01 Ib 5ozA II 99
bull 005 Ib25ozA II 94 00251bl25ozA II 64 0012 Ib62ozA II 52
Check II 0
bullbull (1 part pipershy
anyl butoxide to 1 part ABG-6070) 02 Ib16ozA II 99
bull01 Ib8ozA II 100
tl 005 Ib4ozA II 97 002 Ib2ozA II 96
001 IblozA II 83 Check II a
bull(2 parts pipershy
bullanyl butoxide to 1 part ABG-6070) 02 Ib24ozA II 100
01 Ib12ozA r 100 005 Ib 6ozA II 99
TT 0025 Ib 3ozA ---L 89 It TT
bullLL0012 Ibl5ozA 65
Check II 1
bull
Days After
Treatment
6 6 6 6 6 6
4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4
-6shy
aer al Company Dosage Tnstar Weather
ABG-J7Q Abbott (L parts piperony1 juoxde to 1 part ASG-6J7D) 02 lb320zA II 100
01 1b160zA II 100 005 1b 80zA II 97 0025 Ib 4ozA II 90
0012 1b 20zA II 86 -r--Check L o
(6 parts pishyperony1 butoxide to 1 Dart ABG-6070) 02 1b640zA II 99
01 Ib320zA II 95 005 Ib16ozA II 94 L 0025 1b 8ozA II 51 L
002 Ib 40ZA II 48 4III
Check II o 4
bullbull (Piperonyl
butoxide only) 10 lbgalA II 5 5 05 lbgalA II 3 5
025 lbga1A II o 5 012 lbga1A II 7 5 006 1bgalA II o r
bull
Check II o 5
bullDecis Procida 0013 IbgalA 11 97 L
00065 IbgalA II 98 LI
1)0032 IbgalA II 89 I
bull
00016 IbgalA II 90 000082 ItgalA II 51 L
Check o L
Decis It 0013 lbgalA II 1 85 L
II 2 78 )
bull II II J 83
I II II
bull
II 1 (J6 Newfilm)
II II 1 (J6 Chevron
bullII
1 Sticker) 4 II 1
(Jo Pinolene Sticker) 4
-7shy
--- -
---
_=shy - -- - --
~Iaterial Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Mortal i -- - ~-= -- = -=- -shy
0ecis Procida 00065 ngalA II 1 65 II 2 66
J II 3 58 fI II 1
(Yo Nu-film 17) 7S L TT 1i--l
(Jlo Chevron Sticker) 41
1 II 1 (50 Pinocene
Sticker) 53 4 00032 lbgalA II 1 59 4
H II 2 56 3 II 3 35 4
00016 IbgalA II 1 34 4 II 2 27 3
H H H II 3 23 4 H H 00008 IbgalA II IH 22 4
H II 2 24 3 II 3H 21 L
Checks a 4 = 0013 lbgalA II (2 hr artificial 1JV light) 100 7
7 ~ 0006) Iblial A II 87 I
bull H
00032 OtciJ i II 28 7
bull H
iI 00016 2- t-gallA I 3L~ 7
I 00008 IbgalA II 20 7 Check 0 7
00013 lbgalA II (4 hr artificial UV light) 90 4
00065 lbgalA II 60 4 00032 IbgalA II 12 4
bullbull H
H
00016 lbgalA II 9 4 00008 IbgalA II 4 4
Check 0 4 OOlJ lbgalA II (2 hr natural
sunlight) 99 6
bull H 00065 l1)galA II 97 6
Ii T~00032 ~bgaA 86 6
bull
H 00016 IbgalA II 67 6 I OOOOEl ItgalA II 35 IJ
Check 0 6 0013 IbgalA IT (4 hr naturalj
sunlight) 66 2 00065 IbgalA TT 32 2_LJ
bull j l irJ i t
00032 ))a-I raquo - 40 2 00016 IbgalA II 29 2
bull
t t OOG08 Ibfla A II H 17 2 Check 0 2
bull -8shy
I
-
-- - ~
2crial Company Dosage l8r-C ~ - --- --_ --shyInstar Weather Agirg - - - -- -- shy
l~FMC 30980 FMC 0062 lbgalA II r -
J~ shy~ O0312 IbgalA II -~ shy~
0015 IbgalA II 58 shy
0007 1bgalA II 16 5 0003 lbga1A II 7 5
Check a 5 0025 lb gaL A II 1 61 7 0012 lbgalA II 1 70 7 0062 1-1_u ga II 1 15 7
bull IIA
0003 ItgalA II 1 5 7 0001 1bgalA TT 1 ij I~1
7
bull
Check II 1 7
middotT 35171 FMC 02 ItgalA II 100 3 01 lbgalA II 100
bull J
005 lbgalA II 100 3
bull 0025 1bgalA II 99 3
0012 1tgalA II 99 3 0006 IbgalA II 99 4 II Tshy
10003 IbgalA 100 L~ 0001 1bgalA II 100
bull 4shy 00007 lbgalA II 97 4
Check 1 4 002 lbga1A II 1 100 5
001 Lb~ Igal- li II 1 100 5I
bull I 0006 IbgalA II 1 100 5
0003 lbg-alA II 1 96 5 0001 lbgalA 1 1 1 90 5
r-
bull TTCheck LL 0
bull - -
~3497 FMC 02 ngalA II 98 4 01 lbgalA II 95 4 005 lbgalA II 87 4 002 IbgalA II 75 L 001 lbgalA II 51 4
bull Check II a 4
002 ngalA II 1 17 6 001 1bga1A II 1 15 6
bull
0006 lbgalA II 1 10 6 0003 ItgalA II 1 7 6 I
n j VUJ
r~ IbgalA II 1 6
bull ~
Check J 6
-_ G li]1C 021 IbgalA II 100 P ~- A 3
010 oIE L II 100 1rl
0052 IbgalA n 100 1
I 0026 IbgalA II 100 1
it 0013 IbgalA II 81 3 0006 1 A 1 I gal II 92 4
TT 4 0003 IbgalA 67L~
11 00016 111 A J fla1 II 29 4 T- 4Check 0J
-9shy
Day
bullbull After
Material Company Do sago Instar Weather Aging Nor tal Lty Treatment
FMC 45498 FMC OO2( middotbgalA II 1 40 5 CJ in 3 ~_ b sal A II 1 L) 5
bull T 000 1r)g-al~A JL 1 25 5
oC() lbira1A II 1 10 5 cooi Hq]lAJ 01lt- II 1 I) 5~
bull
( -le~K II i S
pp 383 leI l~O iJ~Cil A II leo 2
bull I bull A 0) LUI gcU II 100 2
~ ~ S IbgaiA l L 100 3 (1 - TT 3J ~ l-LlasalA 100
bull
A1n gal) II 1
1 1 ] II
I 006 - 90 1 I C03 lgtjga ii 93 6
TT r1 J 001 lbgc11 69 v
OG07 tSr l 1I 49 61ha II
bull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Il 11 9 C~(J) ~J f I-~ ( I J l II 33 6_Ishy
I I P r
~)~DO_ 1-) -al~J I 1 J1 16 5 II TTGlICOO9 b ~S8Jt -t 7 5
j L I p 1 J A (~ w ()C)oLi L U Kctl n IT 1 5 i~t ~(ck 11 0 5
RE-218 RahID - )Haas O lt)c Lgal- II 1 86 J
q (j it(1 I h i t~ 1 A -
-- ~ Clti)L i J II 1 96 3 ll II 1 96 3
~T
o j-1A 1 bullbull 1 64 3
11 1 28 3 -J1C k 0 3
2umithion S tauflaquo n (feY -- lbgalA II 100 Lt
OilS 1b gEtl 1 II (+15 Atlox) 100 Lt p u ) 1b r 1 II (+15 Sorpol) 100 gaL 11- 3
r ] 1-- 13 A ) 5 --I II 1 48 3 11 ~ 05 ugal L Jr 1 ( +15 Atlox) 26 3
o c 1b 13 I A- rr 1 (+15 Sorpo1) 17 1T I raquo ~ 1) 1- 3
o ~ S~ b6d L d II 1 (+ Y6 Rhop1ex Sticker) 100 4
n v- l-bgatA II 2 (+Jib Rhoplex Sticker) CG L
J bull ~
r~ r- bull J 1) gelmiddot i1li L1 3 (+10 Rhonlex Sti~ker) 100 5
o J- ~CJ LA II 1 (+15 Atlox + Y6 Rhoplex
Sticker) reoj)
c o itgalA II 2 (+15 Atlox + 16 Rhoplex
Stickel) 64 4 J tf
lu-r II (+15 Atlox +J r
1A Rhop1ex
Sticker) 81 5
-10shy
bullbullbullbull
~~-P~
81 -~ shyMaterial Company Dosage Instal Weather Aging Mortal qy Irsa =e-
Sumithion Stauf-D ~ npounda 1 Itfer tgt -- II 1 (+15 Sarpal +
7J1 JO Rhaplex
Sticker) 99 L r A (+15 Sorpa1 +0 bull ~
i~lt) l~-oGc I ~- 1) II 2
Jo Rhon1ex Sti~ker) 99 4
~ ~T r) II
~) uI gall it 4l1 3 (1-15 Sorpol + Jo Rhoplex
Sticker) 80 5 fl bull 1 la- 1 A (JS C) t4L f 11 100 41-
I O~ ItgalA II (+15 Atlox) 100 3 - 1 TT itgt C JbgaJ ti -L (+190 Sorpal) 99 3
b egtl~- it L 1 32 3 t-1 TT - 5
ga A J 1 (+15 Atlax) 11 3 r-l
-
I~~ ~ 1-0 ~cl A II III lJ Sarpal)C-_) + ~ 13 30
I A l~l Ill J cV~ II 1 (+ 31~ Rhaplex Sticker) 95 4
TTI hcl~ i CC-- o lL 2 74 6 ( J_ =- gSL Ji 1 3 85 5 t~
~~_ i coEt Ii 1 (+ JIo Atlax + JIo Rhap1ex
Sticker) 97 ) -tshy ~ --T-t - bull l_ 2 (+ Jo Atlcx +
j( Rhoplex Sticker) 71 6
I ~ k_ 5 ( T]~ AtLox +
] lhoplex Sticker) 30
l r~ shy r ~) c~ I J~- 1 1 (+1 Sorpal + JIo Rhoplex
Sticker) 94 4 iI 1 r- g -o l A (+15 Sarpol +-~~ S _ u __ TT
bull_ )LL
JIo llhoplex sticker) 76 6
It r-11
~middot -iA U bLJ II 3 (+15 Sarpal + 3 Rhaplex
Sticker) 66 5 Checks 0 6
VEL 3883 r e1 si~ -r-vshycol _L 1 bC[i~L IA J i 99 6
H J ~~J euromiddotmiddott J A 99 6
fil If o g8 A 100 6
v 1~ - L gLllA ~l 89 o TT L
~ ( J6 (cilA 85 6
L ~E- 1 IA II 77 6 H -j 1-- ~-- ~ -= ~~ 156 _~ _ tdL H II 65 6 I ~ ~ C073 ~L (pound7)1 1~ 1L 26 6 If j ~ r)() )0 1 t A Li 10 6_1
CL~z L 0 6
-11shy
J)----Cl c
~+~---IJ_ ~__
Via terial Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Nortality TrGlt-e
VEL 3883 Velsi shy-1 col 10 lbga1A II -- )
05 1bga1A II 1 ~
II t--~025 1bgalA II 1 2 -012 1bga1A II 1 2 5
006 1bga1A II 1 0 c -Check II 0 )
irk continued with the new SevinID-4-oil formulation The viscos i ty o f ( formulations was tested
bullbullbullbullbull -12shy
The Tri toamp X-190 and Sevint-lt-cil formulation was field tested at
LO Ibs a i qt fA bull 0 uraquo Ell bull I qt I
025 lbs ai qt A
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbull-13shy
This formulation vlaS compar-ed tc SeviIi0-4-oil and kerosene at
10 Ibs ai40ozA0 Ibs aiatA
We are happy to rfport that Orthene-E 75S and Djm51iamp 25 Wp ve rc registered by the Uni ted States Environmental Protection Acncy for gJpsy moth use
Orthene 7SS
By a i r - 23 to 1 1L a i 2 qt H20A
hBy air - 003 to )06 lb a~ I i or 2 galA
The Ot_s laborltory and field rews played a grect part in the success of both mat8ria~81lt
__ltl- IjJSixteen gall ons ly)rthern red oak Jcmiddot-r118 were colI f~ted and stored in
cold storage
A totaI It --~ ~fL)13(ti(~i_l 88-~p~~~~s IT~jl1~ ~eCf~velt ~-()l ~~_8J)Clrato~rr and field tejts
Much of t ru s YCPO]tD peTioieJ STJmiddot~middott work i nr jYJ che field on experimental insecticide plats
A sui +able land-fill for the disposed cd emp ty onc~e( t ic ide containers was Loca t ed in Plainvi Ll Le ]Viaco lhis is about 6C i Les from Otis and is reshycommended by the Boston off i ce of Uni tec f372tes Environmental Protection Agency
Host Laboratory equipment-Ims packed ready for moving into the new building
I~etings
JIr HcLane gave talk 01 th Eftgt eetment made in 1(316 and demonstrated
ec davs in Hyat t svilLe H]) work i ng on apshy
bull
bull
bull
bullbull
bull
bull
bull bull
bull
bull
bullbullbull
Project Number GN 612 Project Title 1976 Field Studhs of Differen~ E()rmulations of
IrlnuLin and Sevin-)-1--0il Report Period April 1 1976 September 30 1976 Report lype P t T TO lecmiddot LJeaGers
Interim Larrry L Herbaugh w H l1cLane C H Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Each year f or the past 3 generation3 the gypsy moth Lymantri8 dispar (L) bas defci Latori thouaands of ac re s of forested Land in t he northeast Because of tht s investigations bTe corrt inual l y be i ng carried out to evaluate new materies and new fITfillations of current registpred ~ateria18
IVlaterlaJs and Methods In 1970 the following rnat0rial~ and fo rmula tions were tested for gypsy moth con t r o l DimiLin op Dilli1in 3middot~ Gil keroser18 Dimilj~rl j middot3 oil + TlitolJ X-190 + water Se~Tin-J-(Jil + kerosene arid Se-rJin-Lt-oil t- TLampt ton xmiddot~ l~)() + JcLtE-r Each ell the maLer-La~_S va s aerially applied to 50 acre plots Hi 3 replicates for ov aLua t i on Table I gives the details on chemical concentration and application rate
IabLs I Details of 19c6 formula t i (lUS field tested
-------------__------------Cllemical Concent ra t ion
and I1a tcrial APl21 Leat_ign Ra te- __ __ _Eerm~middotdlts ___ _
9DVcd a t less than 7) iage expansion
L~_l I in and wateY--ltL
GO scicker added
DimiLin 3 j oil ( 1 1b c 1 AU bull jJ - ct1 oct fl Keroaerie+ KerOS(~rle
I)rrlilirl 3 3 ~)il
-+- Tr5_tor )-19D1- r 3 lb ai gaJI~
water
Se-r]] fl-4-0il + ) SJ Cl IA ~6 middotJZ K81~GSe~ne
Kero serle 10 lb J_~ o~A 8 07 ~Kt-~-cosene
bull ~)~ vin -J i-Cil i -~
bull Se ~i ~L( Lt- 0 i 1
bull11 r X-190
wa teT
bull
bull
Plot Establishrnent TLe test plots were established Ln an area adjacent to the 1975 study area in Clinton COill1ty Peru1sylvania This area met the following requirements (l) a building population in whi ch there had been no Bore than 1 years noticeable defoliation prior to the test year (2) a readily measureabJe population of egg masses and (3) a predominance of preferred host trees (oaks)
Each So acre square plot was laid out by establishing an accessible base corner and plotting boundary lines along compass headings Harkers were placed at 811 four corners for aircraft guidance Within each 50 acre plot 5 s~bplots (01 acre) or sampling units were randomly established These subplots were representative of the entire plot and served as samplshying points throughout the experiment Sampling points were similarly e s tab l i shec in untreated check areas to measure natural ccndi tions
Application The application schedule was de s i gned so that material was to be applied when the majority of the larvae were in the late second inshystar stage and the oak foliage was 50-75 expanded One exception to this was the early treatment of Ililllilin that was applied at early 1st instar when oak foliage was less than ~~ expanded
NatErials were mixed and transferred into the aircraft with conventional equipment (mixing tank pumps hoses measuring devices and necessary safety equipment) All niXing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between each treatment to avoid adulteration Radio communications were maintained be tween the ground conditions of wind velocity and materials dispersement
All plots W8T8 treated wi th a Ces~ma Ag Truck al rcraff e quippe d wi th a hydraulic 3rven 2wpellr pump arid 2 converrt i onai STJT3y system (see Table II) The airplane disperse- the craterial lliS fxd- 3wa-ths at ])1 mph as near to tree top level as po ss Lb l e wi th 5 fTcurcl -ird velocity of less than 5 mph
-15shy
bull 1
bullbull bullbullbullbullbull
------- ------gt-_-------------- shy
I1aterial Noz zl e s Orifice
Di miLi n 2 middotIP 006 It d t falA (eal12l) D8-L5 Q
006 10 2j lsd11A DP-middothS Dd-L[r C006 Ib aigallA
J)imillc J 3 (~1 +
Kerosene 003 it Dlqt 80C2FF
Dimilin 1 ~ 0j J
Tli ton X-I + water
8002FF
05 lb aiqt C~~ 2f ~1
iraquo 1b 3iL_ ozA
o 5 ib middot--1 L
10 Lb 8iL-O D002FF
-Evalll~_tior~ ~~~~)~-h ~--Tn~ZIJ8n t J(~~~ emiddot~Ll1at(-a r~(l1Tl the s tandpo trrt of fo lLage protec t i or -ti16 TC [)J-L t -1 crj T~dJ lt middott~ t
tClt)[[l li~LlfiJ 0stJIuates of t~e deg-ree of I rLo t s a t the termination of larval
) f-L CL[ ~ ~ C~-j Lnl rL~~
CC)Lj]gtajng f~_vJ -- ru t C 3 ~ T j 11~
arI~ pl o C5 b~i prl i ~cd p- I Spmiddotrciy JJ -~~LLtl the ex ~ept~---~~ TLrrli~lL ) ~1 all
7shy k( I~C Smiddot- rlE~ _gti~ ~~ - t -) X-19 1 ) -I 12-(middotmiddot-shy ~L~~- ~)l~j_l-in WF
gtrhi c h ~[c -~1 (~ n( -t~ ~I()X ina te ~Y r~ Ii ~~V 1 tf-~r trea tmsnt
(middot~middotf-_lmiddotmiddotl
)JJ
bullbull
ConoIus ion i PT~~i i nunarv data S11~)W tha t all formuLa r ions o r rljiti~l 8JG
Sevin-L-oLl + kcrosble rave (~xce~_ ent results in larval reductJon FrLlbullegg mass vcount L ~ hi macJe +0 Cetenline i this conoi tion continues to hold true
bull One nitial -()nI~ 1~~-)_~2- th_L~ 3~hOv1=~ oxceLlent po ten LLaI is the fact tIlat DimiLi rs - c P JbfcYi appl ie_l at H20 f viJ E le S8 than S oak f()l~_~tge ~-~(lDsicr~ gave g~o)d f- LJ~~(- p-otmiddotciinl and r-uced l arval actishy
bull v ty rl1~aj1~-~1tly ltbullbull T=~ LY 10 )C
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- II II II -shyAfl~U1GE COUNT
10 +shy 0 cc o o o o
~ ~- coe DinuLln 25 wP (early) 06 IbgallA
~~ Dimilin 25 vIP (normal) 06 Ib2 qtA
fojf-
~ I-j CD
~~-~~X~~~~-~~~-~~~~bull
Sevin-4-oil - Kerosene 1 Ib40 ozA
Dirnilln 33 oil - TXl90shy ~CJter 03 IbqtA
Dimilin 33 oil - Kerosene 03 IbqtA
l1 1 CD I
(fJ
0 f-j
~
~ ~ ~
10 1--3 CD r p g c+ CD
f-J p1
~ ~
~~
~~
~~~
lmiddotmiddot 1 IXlt)0 ir t ~ hI + rJeJln-+-OT - - Wo el bullJ UfIi
D middot J tro 06 Ib ~ Ianui rn ~ vvr- gaL li
Sevin I J K~Yr c-nIle lt Ibq+ r0t l-+-j _~L - u gtJ bull 1 - _J bull vi l
~d
o to c+ bullto
d - ~
I
m c+ I-jf-J
~ o o
~ (fJ
~~ Sevin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water 1 Ib) OZA
~~~ Sevirl--4-oil - Txl90 - Water 25 IbqtA
I -- (X)
I
~)t)~ E Untreated Ch8Cks
-bullbull Ptlo~SNI tuLIIGF f3fiE-1IlN
tV Jgt 0shy co o o o o o o
061bgalA D-lmilin 25 WP (early)
I - I Iebull uO J-o I~ erG i1 JimHin 25 wP (normal) I-rj
j-J
o~ f-J (1)
Sevin-4-oil - Kero sene I--~ Ib40 ozA I-rj ll 0 UJ I-
~h 0 lbmiddot(jmiddott gt - 11 DirJlin 33 oil - TXl90 - Water I-- p1 CD UJ CD UJ
rI-~ Diu-Uin 33 oiI - Ke ro ~ene 00Obull 3 1(1 qt 1-
sect co
f-- c+ OJ-J ampl 0
~evin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water bull l51bqtA
lJ f-J CD
DiJ1lilin 25 l-lP I06 IbgalA to
1j f-J Pl
lti
51bqtA _ Sevin-L~-oil - Kero sene pD H o I-- j-J
-o
p c+~ Ib40 OZA _ Sevin-L-oil - TXl90 - Water f-J
~
25 IbqtA Selin-4-oil - TX1-90 - ltIater
Untreated Checks I
f- -0
I
I I II II III I
II II II II
-
Project Number GM 613 Project Title Field Testing of Ground Applied Insecticides Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Larry L Herbaugh W H McLane C R Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Experimental use permits were received from EPA in early June 1976 for testing Orthene 75S Imidanreg 50 Wp Sevi~) 80S In addishytion to the above Sevin-4-oil with water and NTN 9306 were tested
One-acre plots were established in the Bald Eagle State Forest lands in Centre and Clinton Counties Pennsylvania These plots contained a measureshyable population of gypsy moth eggs and were located in heavily wooded areas representative of campground situations
These plots were established so that they were ca 200 feet square with a small dirt road dividing them Within each one-acre plot two subplots or sampling units were established Each of these illlits comprised 140 of an acre and was placed on each side of the road These 140 acre sampling units were used for all evaluations throughout the program
Application Only a small quantity of materials were needed for application Because of this materials were mixed on site using conventior~l mixing equipment and a nurse tank for a water supply All mixing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between treatments to avoid any adultershya tion
The materials were applied with a John Bean Mist Blower mounted on a 1-12 ton 4-wheel drive truck at the following rates
25 Ib a ir gal H20A
50 lb ai5 gal H20A Orthene 75S 10 It ai5 gal H20A Imidan So Wp 15 Ib ailS gal H20A and Sevin 80S 20 Ib ailS gal H2OA
3S Ib ai5 gal H2OA
Each of these dosages was replicated 3 times for each material
125 Ib ailS gal H20ANTN 9J06 50 Ib ai5 gal H20A
Sevin-4-oil and 20 Ib ailS gal H20A T X-190 + water 35 Ib ailS gal H20A
Evaluation Each treatment was evaluated from the standpoint of percent foliage protection larvae reduction using a 15 foot string count and egg massesacre reduction Tht latter data is not yet available at this vrriting
Foliage protection and larvae reduction are shown in the following table
-20shy
II - II - II II II II II II II - - II II -- shy -Foliage Average Larval String Counts
Material Dosage Protection Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment l 25 Ib ai5 gallA L~9 5 20 46 50 Ib ai5 gallA 667 25 22
10 lb ai5 gallA 854 30 20Imidan 50 wp 15 lb ai5 gallA 580 18 33
20 Ib ai5 gallA 565 2S 16 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 420 33 14
Check - 3middotS 19 8
1O25 Ib ai5 gallA -LL bull 5 26 5 So Ib ailS gallA 620 22 2
10 Ib ailS gallA 43middotS 23 2Sevin 80S 15 Ib ailS gallA 55S 22 1
20 Ib ailS gallA 827 26 1 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 894 2S S
Check - So 42 40
2S Ib ai5 gallA 800 29 6
50 lb ailS gallA 911-1 25 3 10 Ib ailS gallA SlLtO 26 2
NI Orthene 7SS ~J
15 Ib ailS gallA 9)-1-0 29 0 I 20 Ib ailS gallA 940 22 0
35 Ib ai5 gallA 940 19 0 Check - 7S 48 Sl
Sevin-4-oil + 20 1b ailS gallA 770 39 6 T X-190 + H2O 35 Ib ai5 gallA 870 3S 9
12S Ib ailS gallA 750 15 1NTH 9306 5 Ib ailS gallA 730 IS 2
oCheck - 20 10j
l Post-treatment readings based on 5th day after treatment
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Conclusion Initial results show that Imidan~ 50 Wp gave ca 5~o folia~~ protection and ca 16 larval reduction at the 3 higher dosages
SevillE 80S gave ca 76 foliage protection and ca 99 reduction in larval activity at the 3 higher dosages
Orthenereg 758 gave ca 94 foliage protection and ca 100 larval control at the 3 higher dosages
In comparison the two new formulations of Sevin-4-oil and T X-190 and H20 and NTN 9306 gave ca 8~o and 74 foliage protection respectively and ca 78 and 87 reduction in larval activity respectively
Data in the following table indicate that Orthene0) 758 and Sevi~ 80S will give the greatest degree of foliage protection as well as reducing larval activity on a 15 foot string count
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II I)
Project Number GM 614 Proj8ct Title Evaluation of Pesticides for Browntail Moth Report Period April 1 1976 - September 31 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
The primary objective of this p~oject is to screen candidate materials against the browntail moth
Orthene reg was the only material tested against brown tail larvae
Dosage Instar 110rtali ty Days
After Treatment
1 IbaigalA II 92 2 05 IbaigalA II 100 2 025 IbaigalA II 96 2 012 IbaigalA II 90 2 006lbaigalA II 98 2 Check II loS 2
Mr McLane Mr Stockbridge Mr Stelle Mr Mosley and Mr Cartier met with Cape Cod National Seashore personnel to discuss future broNQtail work on the Cape A 5 year program was proposed as a result of the meeting and phone conversations vi th the Department of Interior and APHIS personnel
1976 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil ground plots with Sevin 80S
1977 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil Pyrethrin and Dimilin
1978 Select the most promising from the ones experimentally tested in 1976 and 1977 treat the entire infestation on Cape Cod using aircraft backpacks and mistblowers
1979 Clean up any infestation left
1980 Clean up any infestation left
However after a meeting wi th the Seashore Advisory Committee park super-shyintendent Hadley made a decision that no spraying should be done Q~til
the committee was informed of our plans and their approval was obtained To date this meeting has not come about
Meetings
Area I Managerial Meeting Hartford Corill Mr McLane gave a talk on the proposed 5 year broivntai1 moth program for Cape Cod Mass
Mr McLane met with Mr J KilIan Chief Environmentalist for the Cape Cod National Seashore to discuss the brovrrtaiL problem at the Seashore
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bullbullbullbull II II
bull II II II II
bullbullbullbullbull
Project Number (~riI 6l5 Project Title Regulatory Treatments (Laboratory - Field) Report Period AfrE 1 1976 - September W 1976 Report TJpe Irl tertIa Project Leaders Winfred H McLane L Ii Herbaugh J A Einney
The lack of effective treatment methods fer recreational vehicles and mobile homes is a major dficipncy Ll the APHIS Gypsy Hath regulatory program Slt1xpcIimentcl laboratory and field tests are conducted to develop improved techniques for cP2ling iii tt thi s and other r811atory problems
On December 191175 a residue test I2S s tartlaquo Nt) 7 irs(~ctiGiles Tvo hundr-ed tar paper squares (6 x 6) each were treated with insectjcide using amp c 5 It aita1 soLut i on SevfTI insecticideswere tested with 1 set of tar paper used fUJ a check The papers were treated to the point of runshyoff Half of t he paper-s were aged oucdoor-s tacked under (4 x 8) sheets of masonite haI f were hs Ld inside the laboratory Norie were exposed to sunlight
Ten newly h~tchd sectYl)sy noth larvae were exposed to tar paper sheets at 10 day Lnte rval a iC)r the f i r s t lCO days of aging fo Llowing treatment This was achieve by pLacing +he paper in a cyl inrrricaL cardboard container wi th artificial di et lt J10rta1 ity readings were( made after 24 hours and L8 hours
Mortality Hr- JJarvae Exposed After Naterial Aged
Material ~___ to IvIaterial U)() Days 200 Das 260 Lays
DDT 50 vp Insil1Ff lGO 100 32 inside ~CJO 100 100
0Outside 100 jlt 20 UlI1sideuro- 100 100 100
Resmethrin Inside 24 28 (EC) Inside )-8 oP R4 I ~)
IJutfLfle 24 28 48 7)-
SBP-l Sl) 2L R(8C) Ll~middot
OJ 9C -I iOe
96
10 1f)C
bullbull II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
bullbull
I10rtality Hr La~Jae Exposed After Ha terial
laterial Aged to r1aterial 100 Days 200 Days 26C Daye
Phoxin Inside 24 100 98 100 (EC) IIlside 48 100 100 100
Outs i de 24 100 100 100 Outside La 100 100 100
Pyrenone Inside 2L+ 34 46 2 (EC) insLde 48 60 72 46
cdOutside --I~ 38 16 a Outside I+8 61~ +2 28
I1onitor Inside ~I lUO )eLf 78 (L
G~)(EC) 118 1)0 100 Outsids 2Li 66 46
ooOutside LiS i(JO z jLi
) I Check Inside - -t 5~middot 26 0 - j
Insid~ hB ~L gt+ 6 l)uttir~c 4 20 2 Cllt3ide- ~t~~ t ~ 1+0 6
Based on Laboratrrv rfsul tc lJresented in the IJst report a field test was started August 3 196 with Iop Job pine scent wax [ax remover Dimilin and fire ex t ingui shcr agent Ten egg masses are be ing treated each month from August 3 197C unt i I April 1 1977 Five masses are being covered wi th black building paper and S are being left exposed lhree dosages of each material are being usel along wi th a check
During April 1977 211 eggs will be col Lec ted and incubated in the labora-middot tory for hatch If hatch can hi pr2vented it may be possible to uae one or more of thlaquo materials as a treatment on tr_L18rs and RVs
To date 3 t reatments haveJeer made
On June 23 19761+ uate r i al s (Sevin (583 S8 [n-i~-il Orthene and Lrridan ) most generally used f Jr gypsy mot h control h~ sprayed -+0 the poi rrt of runshyoff on 110 acre plots us ing a back-pack mist~jL)1er Dosago s usee were same as rec()mmeIldw~ in ths APHIS recillatorJ rnanual
Every 3 day fo11ovrC9 tl(~atment rliage was c oll eo te d and Lioassaysd against 3ro instar Larvae 1fCt~middot~ 72 hour lrtality reading being mado After 9middot days treated foliag wal stiLl givirfL~_2[pound211eln mortalitx
q ~[ortality After Material L Days Ul Days lC s3[S _
Sevin 8)3
Sev-inmiddotmiddotL-Gil OrtbeEe Imidan Check 17
--
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bullbullbullbull
II
Project Number GM 616 Project Title Field Testing of Javenile Hormone Analogs for Ovicidal
Activity Report Period Anril 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Itterim Project Leaders Charles P Schwa2be A P Norris
The juvenile hormone analogs Al tozar lE and ZR-t19 SE have been reported as having ovicidal properties When gypsy moth 8fg nasses are deposited on recently treated surfaces hat chab iLi ty yf 8ggS is reduced ZR-619 also appears to inhibit female moths from layingjhriT full complement of eggs Compounds with these properties may be user1 fOT regulatory treatments
Boles of white and red oak trees -lere sprayed foe tho point of ruri-off with water emulsions of Altozar and ZR-619 at 8g1 Ireatsents were aged for 1 3 7 14 21 and 28 days before bioassay At tb~ end of each aging period S or more 3 day old mated female moths from f Le Ld collected pupae were imprisoned on each of S trees (total ()f 25 replicatestreatment) Ihere were 10 replicates (2 trees) for each control The female moths that deposited egg masses were recovered (generally after one day) placed in polyethylene bags and frOZet111D riI they could be dissected to determine the number of unl a i d eggs Egg masses wiI 1 be coJlscted from the treated and control surfaces during IlecembQr 1976 an~ tested for embryonation parasi tization and ha tchabiLt ty
Females from the 1 3 7 and 28 day exposure pe r i ous have been dissected and unlaid eggs counted The results are shovn by the accompanying tab Le Preliminarily it appears that with the excep ti on of the 1 day ZR-61) treatment there was no effect of treatment on the nurnbe r of eggs laid by female moths It is interesting to note that laboratoryreaTf3(J tno th s were useci for the 1 day ZR-6l9 trea tluent Dcotailed disCUSSJCiD 01 thesA data will be deferred until all ]~eSl--l ts OCl egg smbryona t i on parc~si_ t i zation and hatchability have been obtained
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-----------
middot-------_ bullbullbull _~ bullbull EGGS lJlI11AID EY FENALES EXPOSED TO TRUNKS pHEATED WITH ALTOZAR 4E lIJm ZRmiddot-619 SE
Q2Y2129ynd
Iiays Treatment
ampif_~i
Numbe-r of Used
_fre~ t Control
Females Recovered
Tle~t __CoDjl~_
Numbe-r Unlaid Eggs Total Average
1reaJ_Qonto L)~1Zs~J_-0ontro1
Al i008) ) E~
ZI -~ I~~ 19 ~I~~
I
J 36 c )
14 Ij(1
32 ~
1 f 1~Lr
13 123[3 7G34
380 1797
387 )36
271 138 ~)
A1 t ozar I
11-- S1 C] ~ --
3
3 L~O
50 16 T1-s 1shy
30 ~)8
If) 1 -Llt
1394 1519
619 - (1 I
J-~
L+65 5hJ
Lf 13 493
A1 t-IZ~lX )~r~
~~R-C ~L9 ~jE
i ~ r ~O
Igt ~ c
15 18
J- 39
11 1 I LL4
104)~ l1-rr
660 F3S5
J26 292
508 632
I ) -J
I
Al t 0 L~i C i~)
-~Ti lt(j1 r)
Altozar wE Z11-(19 SE
)Q
~
- ~)
- 1 j
LJ
25 27
3j
30
12 -
-ii
14 IS
2S ~) ~
25 2S
10 1U
11 J 2
805 sed
1059 1398
2L~6 r(0
JJSO 9
2 3)
Li24 5)9
25() 6
12~ 7 391
JfJrtttcry r~ared iEIalCs ant] m3Jl~ used aUJthers ere fr-om f iel d collected pupae
bullbull Project Number GM 622
bull Project Title Responses of ~Ble Gypsy Moths to Traps as AffecteC ~
the PeatE of Pheromone Release Report Period April I 1976 - Septe~ber 30 1976
bullbull
Report Type Errcer im Project Leaders Charles P Sch~Lb2 E C Paszek
Preliminary trapping experiments with disparlure indicated that attracti-veshyness is affected by the rJte at which the pheromone is released from the trap Large amount s of lure seemed 0 have an inhfb i torr or repellent effect ConfLrmatorv studies were planned in which multiples of Corrre Ic fibers would be used to bait standaTd delta traps in order to define the pheromone ls1ea8e rate at which maxinnna attradiveness 10 sul ted Such inshyformation would be 2xcPPdingly useful in pI(eparnf specifications for comshy
bull mercial production of progTam pheromone dispenpers Unfortunately certain difficulties vpre encYLmtered in developing a sound expemiddotrinental program and it was suggested that this work be carried out by scientists at the
bullPennsylvania Stat Uni ve r-si ty Freliminary date have been made available to us but we 8re unable to uti I izhen in this report
bullExperiments in tti- pr)j0ct aCil Cl conduc tcd in collaboration with the ARS Optically active enantiCnj2rs of cis-Jlrparhrre were generously made available by Dr NarU1n(j~ Nagoya Uruve r-s i vs Iagoya Japan The objective of the tests was to determine the attractiveness (or other biological
bull properties) of tIl optically active ~nantiomers of disparlure Similar experiments were conducted by scientists from Nlchigan State University and the New York and C~~1nectiut State Agricultural Experimerct Stations
bullbullThese tests weI c onduc tcd in a natural infestation in FaTl River State Porest ILl lraps gtJere baited wit[ cc t t on dentJ wicks to which had been applied the indicated amcunt s of ( ) and-) (-) disparlure Delta traps were used in all ttsts i)fj a 25 III grid pat tfJ~11 rh) numbe r- of malt motho captured gtl2S reeordec c regular LrrtsrvaLs
In one experim8~lt the attrac tivene ns of racemic d i apar-I ure was compared with that of (+) enarrti omar Ihe rssults of middotshi test are given in Table 1
Table I Number of moths captur-sd il trans middotcLti ted with varying amount s elf racemic and optically active Hsparlure
1 L
lCCJC
------------------__-----_ _--__------shy
II II These ltlata clearly reflect -gt0 superior attractancy of the (+) enarrt iore r
compared with that of racemic mate r i al Approximately 10 X more raoths were captured with 100 ug (+) disP8rlure than with an equal amount of racemic pheromone Unfor-tuna te Ly limited amounts of the enantiomers
II prohibited testing at dosages gTeater than 10C ug and therefore it is
II not known if greater dosages woull -Lead to repeLten t or inhibitory effects It should also be noted that the Jptically active material contained ca 66 of its an t i podo Hirhly puCified pbermiddot~Cwj~e would likely yield someshywhat different data Ih_u is the first rcpc--t of 3~ clear relationship beshytween dosage and r-e sponee wheIc n_creased ple romone concentration y-ields a corresponding increase in ruoth response
II In another test the inhLbi t ory properties ()f t1gt (-) s nant iomar- were quantified deti3rrninirlg tile at t ractivenes (~r var i cus ratios of (+) and (-) disparlure These lata a~e presented n Table I
bull Table II NWllber of riaLe mo trs captured in tIP -x1ited with various
t~r8rltiomer ra tios
bull ----- -~---_ I shy
ugtraJ ug -) per Average catch ( -I- ) -i- _----LQ_ llg ~~_ J2eL_tmiddotr~a=p _
9 jL o (I te 936 1 1 75 120
c99 _J j 3-68 63 I
bull J 00 ioo L+ 12 ~ ~I I ) 380 32
bull L159 59 ~ 08
As addi tiCmiddot] iJlCgt1EltS oi (-) middotnre tdded V_ ij CZS ccntaiuing 10 uij (+) a t tr-activene ss 22di~J jmiddotrc~8s-(~ dsmonc2at~E the Lnhib i tOIJ nature
Yn t he ( c-~ j bull_ 1 m n - v 11+ i (1 60L f th01 rllt~ - 11 ccuUCc JgO_Ll -l_~e au k bull t-_f- CO bullbull oa~ne I )0 0 v bull e
II bull ) - -- n -I- f- - ~ 1 s +--- +- bull - -- - f ( rl J l dOppOSle c_Dctl_bull )Eler hie e_ua ar tr-ac mvene so O~ + -LlSpar_Ure COU
Dot be ceteIlied ~~xt-aTJ)lation of the p]ttcCc data suggests that 9Cf~ (+) disp2rl1lle 1~Cl~_middot(J cap turv 15-~() t i mes a iafr ~ioths as TaGer-tic phero-shymane at tho 10 -cC -2vel
A rnore 6ta-iled -report i s cur-rentIy ceins- lYr-pT~P( JJ_C pub lication The manuacrLpt -middotimiddotL 1 c~ i ~11 uIsd ~ n tho nex t LacL8tcr_~ P~ IJort
Project Number GM 623 Project Title Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leader Charles P Schwalbe
There is no progress to report on this project A prototype apparatus is being assembled which will permit systematic evaluation of various collection substrates Recent papers report successful collection of airborn volatiles on Porapak Q and Molecular sieve If quantitative collection of disparlure from female moths is s11ccessful pheromone emission will be used as a standard for determining quality of insects mass reared under various conditions
I I I I I
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I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I
Project Number GM 626 Project Title Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leader Edward C Paszek
Tree Tanglefoot a natural product made from castor oil gum resins and vegetable wax was used as an adhesive for sJPSY moth traps for )6 years 1913-1969 It was replaced in 1970 with Tack Trap a synthetic plastic type adhesive (polyisobutylene) which was less costly and through field testing found to be more effective than Tree Tanglefoot in holding capshytured moths in a trap Tack Trap has gone up in price fr-om $0421b in 1970 to $130lb in 1976 A number of companies are marketing synthetic sticky compounds to protect trees from climbing insects and as bird reshypellants These compounds were compared with Tack Trap and Tree Tanglefoot to determine their effectiveness in holding ca~tured ~psy moths
8plusmn5 of the following six compounds were weighed and applied to approxishymately 286 cm2 of the interior surface area of Delta traps An aging study on 12 these open traps was conducted in the greenhouse at a tempshyerature range of 10degC to 32degC for 5) months (119-62376) A field bioassay was made on 71476 after 6 months of aging in a natural infestshyation followed by a laboratory bioassay 91676 after 8 months of aging
Table I Mean number of 6 Boths per trap after 1 hour field bioassay in heavy infestation 24 hour laboratory chamber bioassay with )00 released 6 moths
Field Laboratory
Tack Trap (new sample) 145 60 Bird Iang1efoot 120 90 Excelcide Bird Repellant 105 200 Tack Trap (old sample) t10 105 Stikem-Special Iree Tanglefoot
6S o r
14)1)
After 6 months of aging in open traps Tack Prap Bird Ianglefoot Excelshycide Bird Repellant and Stikem-Special held captur-ed native moths Tree Tanglefoot glazed over and was a poor adhesive When bioassayed Ln a laboratory chamber after 8 months oflging vri it released moths many moths entered and fLev out of the traps indcating that the adhe sive tend to dry out and stiffen after Long periods of aging
The remaining samples were stored folded flat on the shelf in a closed paper carton at room te~perature (approxi~ately 22C) B~th sets of traps were weighed after 6 weeks of aging (3176) to deterwiu8 weight loss of the adhesives due to voLat i Liza t i on of solvents
-ushy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
-32shy
bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II II II II
bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
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Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
- 34shy-
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
-35shy
II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
-shy
CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
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10
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u Clt bull z ~ l pH
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031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
-49shy
I I
Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
I I
-50shy
I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
I I I I I I I
Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
I I I I
I II
I I
I I
Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
I
I
I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
I
I I I I I I I
-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
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and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
-59shy
bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
-60shy
-------------------shy 111
--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
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AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
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I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
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- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
aer al Company Dosage Tnstar Weather
ABG-J7Q Abbott (L parts piperony1 juoxde to 1 part ASG-6J7D) 02 lb320zA II 100
01 1b160zA II 100 005 1b 80zA II 97 0025 Ib 4ozA II 90
0012 1b 20zA II 86 -r--Check L o
(6 parts pishyperony1 butoxide to 1 Dart ABG-6070) 02 1b640zA II 99
01 Ib320zA II 95 005 Ib16ozA II 94 L 0025 1b 8ozA II 51 L
002 Ib 40ZA II 48 4III
Check II o 4
bullbull (Piperonyl
butoxide only) 10 lbgalA II 5 5 05 lbgalA II 3 5
025 lbga1A II o 5 012 lbga1A II 7 5 006 1bgalA II o r
bull
Check II o 5
bullDecis Procida 0013 IbgalA 11 97 L
00065 IbgalA II 98 LI
1)0032 IbgalA II 89 I
bull
00016 IbgalA II 90 000082 ItgalA II 51 L
Check o L
Decis It 0013 lbgalA II 1 85 L
II 2 78 )
bull II II J 83
I II II
bull
II 1 (J6 Newfilm)
II II 1 (J6 Chevron
bullII
1 Sticker) 4 II 1
(Jo Pinolene Sticker) 4
-7shy
--- -
---
_=shy - -- - --
~Iaterial Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Mortal i -- - ~-= -- = -=- -shy
0ecis Procida 00065 ngalA II 1 65 II 2 66
J II 3 58 fI II 1
(Yo Nu-film 17) 7S L TT 1i--l
(Jlo Chevron Sticker) 41
1 II 1 (50 Pinocene
Sticker) 53 4 00032 lbgalA II 1 59 4
H II 2 56 3 II 3 35 4
00016 IbgalA II 1 34 4 II 2 27 3
H H H II 3 23 4 H H 00008 IbgalA II IH 22 4
H II 2 24 3 II 3H 21 L
Checks a 4 = 0013 lbgalA II (2 hr artificial 1JV light) 100 7
7 ~ 0006) Iblial A II 87 I
bull H
00032 OtciJ i II 28 7
bull H
iI 00016 2- t-gallA I 3L~ 7
I 00008 IbgalA II 20 7 Check 0 7
00013 lbgalA II (4 hr artificial UV light) 90 4
00065 lbgalA II 60 4 00032 IbgalA II 12 4
bullbull H
H
00016 lbgalA II 9 4 00008 IbgalA II 4 4
Check 0 4 OOlJ lbgalA II (2 hr natural
sunlight) 99 6
bull H 00065 l1)galA II 97 6
Ii T~00032 ~bgaA 86 6
bull
H 00016 IbgalA II 67 6 I OOOOEl ItgalA II 35 IJ
Check 0 6 0013 IbgalA IT (4 hr naturalj
sunlight) 66 2 00065 IbgalA TT 32 2_LJ
bull j l irJ i t
00032 ))a-I raquo - 40 2 00016 IbgalA II 29 2
bull
t t OOG08 Ibfla A II H 17 2 Check 0 2
bull -8shy
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-
-- - ~
2crial Company Dosage l8r-C ~ - --- --_ --shyInstar Weather Agirg - - - -- -- shy
l~FMC 30980 FMC 0062 lbgalA II r -
J~ shy~ O0312 IbgalA II -~ shy~
0015 IbgalA II 58 shy
0007 1bgalA II 16 5 0003 lbga1A II 7 5
Check a 5 0025 lb gaL A II 1 61 7 0012 lbgalA II 1 70 7 0062 1-1_u ga II 1 15 7
bull IIA
0003 ItgalA II 1 5 7 0001 1bgalA TT 1 ij I~1
7
bull
Check II 1 7
middotT 35171 FMC 02 ItgalA II 100 3 01 lbgalA II 100
bull J
005 lbgalA II 100 3
bull 0025 1bgalA II 99 3
0012 1tgalA II 99 3 0006 IbgalA II 99 4 II Tshy
10003 IbgalA 100 L~ 0001 1bgalA II 100
bull 4shy 00007 lbgalA II 97 4
Check 1 4 002 lbga1A II 1 100 5
001 Lb~ Igal- li II 1 100 5I
bull I 0006 IbgalA II 1 100 5
0003 lbg-alA II 1 96 5 0001 lbgalA 1 1 1 90 5
r-
bull TTCheck LL 0
bull - -
~3497 FMC 02 ngalA II 98 4 01 lbgalA II 95 4 005 lbgalA II 87 4 002 IbgalA II 75 L 001 lbgalA II 51 4
bull Check II a 4
002 ngalA II 1 17 6 001 1bga1A II 1 15 6
bull
0006 lbgalA II 1 10 6 0003 ItgalA II 1 7 6 I
n j VUJ
r~ IbgalA II 1 6
bull ~
Check J 6
-_ G li]1C 021 IbgalA II 100 P ~- A 3
010 oIE L II 100 1rl
0052 IbgalA n 100 1
I 0026 IbgalA II 100 1
it 0013 IbgalA II 81 3 0006 1 A 1 I gal II 92 4
TT 4 0003 IbgalA 67L~
11 00016 111 A J fla1 II 29 4 T- 4Check 0J
-9shy
Day
bullbull After
Material Company Do sago Instar Weather Aging Nor tal Lty Treatment
FMC 45498 FMC OO2( middotbgalA II 1 40 5 CJ in 3 ~_ b sal A II 1 L) 5
bull T 000 1r)g-al~A JL 1 25 5
oC() lbira1A II 1 10 5 cooi Hq]lAJ 01lt- II 1 I) 5~
bull
( -le~K II i S
pp 383 leI l~O iJ~Cil A II leo 2
bull I bull A 0) LUI gcU II 100 2
~ ~ S IbgaiA l L 100 3 (1 - TT 3J ~ l-LlasalA 100
bull
A1n gal) II 1
1 1 ] II
I 006 - 90 1 I C03 lgtjga ii 93 6
TT r1 J 001 lbgc11 69 v
OG07 tSr l 1I 49 61ha II
bull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Il 11 9 C~(J) ~J f I-~ ( I J l II 33 6_Ishy
I I P r
~)~DO_ 1-) -al~J I 1 J1 16 5 II TTGlICOO9 b ~S8Jt -t 7 5
j L I p 1 J A (~ w ()C)oLi L U Kctl n IT 1 5 i~t ~(ck 11 0 5
RE-218 RahID - )Haas O lt)c Lgal- II 1 86 J
q (j it(1 I h i t~ 1 A -
-- ~ Clti)L i J II 1 96 3 ll II 1 96 3
~T
o j-1A 1 bullbull 1 64 3
11 1 28 3 -J1C k 0 3
2umithion S tauflaquo n (feY -- lbgalA II 100 Lt
OilS 1b gEtl 1 II (+15 Atlox) 100 Lt p u ) 1b r 1 II (+15 Sorpol) 100 gaL 11- 3
r ] 1-- 13 A ) 5 --I II 1 48 3 11 ~ 05 ugal L Jr 1 ( +15 Atlox) 26 3
o c 1b 13 I A- rr 1 (+15 Sorpo1) 17 1T I raquo ~ 1) 1- 3
o ~ S~ b6d L d II 1 (+ Y6 Rhop1ex Sticker) 100 4
n v- l-bgatA II 2 (+Jib Rhoplex Sticker) CG L
J bull ~
r~ r- bull J 1) gelmiddot i1li L1 3 (+10 Rhonlex Sti~ker) 100 5
o J- ~CJ LA II 1 (+15 Atlox + Y6 Rhoplex
Sticker) reoj)
c o itgalA II 2 (+15 Atlox + 16 Rhoplex
Stickel) 64 4 J tf
lu-r II (+15 Atlox +J r
1A Rhop1ex
Sticker) 81 5
-10shy
bullbullbullbull
~~-P~
81 -~ shyMaterial Company Dosage Instal Weather Aging Mortal qy Irsa =e-
Sumithion Stauf-D ~ npounda 1 Itfer tgt -- II 1 (+15 Sarpal +
7J1 JO Rhaplex
Sticker) 99 L r A (+15 Sorpa1 +0 bull ~
i~lt) l~-oGc I ~- 1) II 2
Jo Rhon1ex Sti~ker) 99 4
~ ~T r) II
~) uI gall it 4l1 3 (1-15 Sorpol + Jo Rhoplex
Sticker) 80 5 fl bull 1 la- 1 A (JS C) t4L f 11 100 41-
I O~ ItgalA II (+15 Atlox) 100 3 - 1 TT itgt C JbgaJ ti -L (+190 Sorpal) 99 3
b egtl~- it L 1 32 3 t-1 TT - 5
ga A J 1 (+15 Atlax) 11 3 r-l
-
I~~ ~ 1-0 ~cl A II III lJ Sarpal)C-_) + ~ 13 30
I A l~l Ill J cV~ II 1 (+ 31~ Rhaplex Sticker) 95 4
TTI hcl~ i CC-- o lL 2 74 6 ( J_ =- gSL Ji 1 3 85 5 t~
~~_ i coEt Ii 1 (+ JIo Atlax + JIo Rhap1ex
Sticker) 97 ) -tshy ~ --T-t - bull l_ 2 (+ Jo Atlcx +
j( Rhoplex Sticker) 71 6
I ~ k_ 5 ( T]~ AtLox +
] lhoplex Sticker) 30
l r~ shy r ~) c~ I J~- 1 1 (+1 Sorpal + JIo Rhoplex
Sticker) 94 4 iI 1 r- g -o l A (+15 Sarpol +-~~ S _ u __ TT
bull_ )LL
JIo llhoplex sticker) 76 6
It r-11
~middot -iA U bLJ II 3 (+15 Sarpal + 3 Rhaplex
Sticker) 66 5 Checks 0 6
VEL 3883 r e1 si~ -r-vshycol _L 1 bC[i~L IA J i 99 6
H J ~~J euromiddotmiddott J A 99 6
fil If o g8 A 100 6
v 1~ - L gLllA ~l 89 o TT L
~ ( J6 (cilA 85 6
L ~E- 1 IA II 77 6 H -j 1-- ~-- ~ -= ~~ 156 _~ _ tdL H II 65 6 I ~ ~ C073 ~L (pound7)1 1~ 1L 26 6 If j ~ r)() )0 1 t A Li 10 6_1
CL~z L 0 6
-11shy
J)----Cl c
~+~---IJ_ ~__
Via terial Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Nortality TrGlt-e
VEL 3883 Velsi shy-1 col 10 lbga1A II -- )
05 1bga1A II 1 ~
II t--~025 1bgalA II 1 2 -012 1bga1A II 1 2 5
006 1bga1A II 1 0 c -Check II 0 )
irk continued with the new SevinID-4-oil formulation The viscos i ty o f ( formulations was tested
bullbullbullbullbull -12shy
The Tri toamp X-190 and Sevint-lt-cil formulation was field tested at
LO Ibs a i qt fA bull 0 uraquo Ell bull I qt I
025 lbs ai qt A
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbull-13shy
This formulation vlaS compar-ed tc SeviIi0-4-oil and kerosene at
10 Ibs ai40ozA0 Ibs aiatA
We are happy to rfport that Orthene-E 75S and Djm51iamp 25 Wp ve rc registered by the Uni ted States Environmental Protection Acncy for gJpsy moth use
Orthene 7SS
By a i r - 23 to 1 1L a i 2 qt H20A
hBy air - 003 to )06 lb a~ I i or 2 galA
The Ot_s laborltory and field rews played a grect part in the success of both mat8ria~81lt
__ltl- IjJSixteen gall ons ly)rthern red oak Jcmiddot-r118 were colI f~ted and stored in
cold storage
A totaI It --~ ~fL)13(ti(~i_l 88-~p~~~~s IT~jl1~ ~eCf~velt ~-()l ~~_8J)Clrato~rr and field tejts
Much of t ru s YCPO]tD peTioieJ STJmiddot~middott work i nr jYJ che field on experimental insecticide plats
A sui +able land-fill for the disposed cd emp ty onc~e( t ic ide containers was Loca t ed in Plainvi Ll Le ]Viaco lhis is about 6C i Les from Otis and is reshycommended by the Boston off i ce of Uni tec f372tes Environmental Protection Agency
Host Laboratory equipment-Ims packed ready for moving into the new building
I~etings
JIr HcLane gave talk 01 th Eftgt eetment made in 1(316 and demonstrated
ec davs in Hyat t svilLe H]) work i ng on apshy
bull
bull
bull
bullbull
bull
bull
bull bull
bull
bull
bullbullbull
Project Number GN 612 Project Title 1976 Field Studhs of Differen~ E()rmulations of
IrlnuLin and Sevin-)-1--0il Report Period April 1 1976 September 30 1976 Report lype P t T TO lecmiddot LJeaGers
Interim Larrry L Herbaugh w H l1cLane C H Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Each year f or the past 3 generation3 the gypsy moth Lymantri8 dispar (L) bas defci Latori thouaands of ac re s of forested Land in t he northeast Because of tht s investigations bTe corrt inual l y be i ng carried out to evaluate new materies and new fITfillations of current registpred ~ateria18
IVlaterlaJs and Methods In 1970 the following rnat0rial~ and fo rmula tions were tested for gypsy moth con t r o l DimiLin op Dilli1in 3middot~ Gil keroser18 Dimilj~rl j middot3 oil + TlitolJ X-190 + water Se~Tin-J-(Jil + kerosene arid Se-rJin-Lt-oil t- TLampt ton xmiddot~ l~)() + JcLtE-r Each ell the maLer-La~_S va s aerially applied to 50 acre plots Hi 3 replicates for ov aLua t i on Table I gives the details on chemical concentration and application rate
IabLs I Details of 19c6 formula t i (lUS field tested
-------------__------------Cllemical Concent ra t ion
and I1a tcrial APl21 Leat_ign Ra te- __ __ _Eerm~middotdlts ___ _
9DVcd a t less than 7) iage expansion
L~_l I in and wateY--ltL
GO scicker added
DimiLin 3 j oil ( 1 1b c 1 AU bull jJ - ct1 oct fl Keroaerie+ KerOS(~rle
I)rrlilirl 3 3 ~)il
-+- Tr5_tor )-19D1- r 3 lb ai gaJI~
water
Se-r]] fl-4-0il + ) SJ Cl IA ~6 middotJZ K81~GSe~ne
Kero serle 10 lb J_~ o~A 8 07 ~Kt-~-cosene
bull ~)~ vin -J i-Cil i -~
bull Se ~i ~L( Lt- 0 i 1
bull11 r X-190
wa teT
bull
bull
Plot Establishrnent TLe test plots were established Ln an area adjacent to the 1975 study area in Clinton COill1ty Peru1sylvania This area met the following requirements (l) a building population in whi ch there had been no Bore than 1 years noticeable defoliation prior to the test year (2) a readily measureabJe population of egg masses and (3) a predominance of preferred host trees (oaks)
Each So acre square plot was laid out by establishing an accessible base corner and plotting boundary lines along compass headings Harkers were placed at 811 four corners for aircraft guidance Within each 50 acre plot 5 s~bplots (01 acre) or sampling units were randomly established These subplots were representative of the entire plot and served as samplshying points throughout the experiment Sampling points were similarly e s tab l i shec in untreated check areas to measure natural ccndi tions
Application The application schedule was de s i gned so that material was to be applied when the majority of the larvae were in the late second inshystar stage and the oak foliage was 50-75 expanded One exception to this was the early treatment of Ililllilin that was applied at early 1st instar when oak foliage was less than ~~ expanded
NatErials were mixed and transferred into the aircraft with conventional equipment (mixing tank pumps hoses measuring devices and necessary safety equipment) All niXing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between each treatment to avoid adulteration Radio communications were maintained be tween the ground conditions of wind velocity and materials dispersement
All plots W8T8 treated wi th a Ces~ma Ag Truck al rcraff e quippe d wi th a hydraulic 3rven 2wpellr pump arid 2 converrt i onai STJT3y system (see Table II) The airplane disperse- the craterial lliS fxd- 3wa-ths at ])1 mph as near to tree top level as po ss Lb l e wi th 5 fTcurcl -ird velocity of less than 5 mph
-15shy
bull 1
bullbull bullbullbullbullbull
------- ------gt-_-------------- shy
I1aterial Noz zl e s Orifice
Di miLi n 2 middotIP 006 It d t falA (eal12l) D8-L5 Q
006 10 2j lsd11A DP-middothS Dd-L[r C006 Ib aigallA
J)imillc J 3 (~1 +
Kerosene 003 it Dlqt 80C2FF
Dimilin 1 ~ 0j J
Tli ton X-I + water
8002FF
05 lb aiqt C~~ 2f ~1
iraquo 1b 3iL_ ozA
o 5 ib middot--1 L
10 Lb 8iL-O D002FF
-Evalll~_tior~ ~~~~)~-h ~--Tn~ZIJ8n t J(~~~ emiddot~Ll1at(-a r~(l1Tl the s tandpo trrt of fo lLage protec t i or -ti16 TC [)J-L t -1 crj T~dJ lt middott~ t
tClt)[[l li~LlfiJ 0stJIuates of t~e deg-ree of I rLo t s a t the termination of larval
) f-L CL[ ~ ~ C~-j Lnl rL~~
CC)Lj]gtajng f~_vJ -- ru t C 3 ~ T j 11~
arI~ pl o C5 b~i prl i ~cd p- I Spmiddotrciy JJ -~~LLtl the ex ~ept~---~~ TLrrli~lL ) ~1 all
7shy k( I~C Smiddot- rlE~ _gti~ ~~ - t -) X-19 1 ) -I 12-(middotmiddot-shy ~L~~- ~)l~j_l-in WF
gtrhi c h ~[c -~1 (~ n( -t~ ~I()X ina te ~Y r~ Ii ~~V 1 tf-~r trea tmsnt
(middot~middotf-_lmiddotmiddotl
)JJ
bullbull
ConoIus ion i PT~~i i nunarv data S11~)W tha t all formuLa r ions o r rljiti~l 8JG
Sevin-L-oLl + kcrosble rave (~xce~_ ent results in larval reductJon FrLlbullegg mass vcount L ~ hi macJe +0 Cetenline i this conoi tion continues to hold true
bull One nitial -()nI~ 1~~-)_~2- th_L~ 3~hOv1=~ oxceLlent po ten LLaI is the fact tIlat DimiLi rs - c P JbfcYi appl ie_l at H20 f viJ E le S8 than S oak f()l~_~tge ~-~(lDsicr~ gave g~o)d f- LJ~~(- p-otmiddotciinl and r-uced l arval actishy
bull v ty rl1~aj1~-~1tly ltbullbull T=~ LY 10 )C
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- II II II -shyAfl~U1GE COUNT
10 +shy 0 cc o o o o
~ ~- coe DinuLln 25 wP (early) 06 IbgallA
~~ Dimilin 25 vIP (normal) 06 Ib2 qtA
fojf-
~ I-j CD
~~-~~X~~~~-~~~-~~~~bull
Sevin-4-oil - Kerosene 1 Ib40 ozA
Dirnilln 33 oil - TXl90shy ~CJter 03 IbqtA
Dimilin 33 oil - Kerosene 03 IbqtA
l1 1 CD I
(fJ
0 f-j
~
~ ~ ~
10 1--3 CD r p g c+ CD
f-J p1
~ ~
~~
~~
~~~
lmiddotmiddot 1 IXlt)0 ir t ~ hI + rJeJln-+-OT - - Wo el bullJ UfIi
D middot J tro 06 Ib ~ Ianui rn ~ vvr- gaL li
Sevin I J K~Yr c-nIle lt Ibq+ r0t l-+-j _~L - u gtJ bull 1 - _J bull vi l
~d
o to c+ bullto
d - ~
I
m c+ I-jf-J
~ o o
~ (fJ
~~ Sevin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water 1 Ib) OZA
~~~ Sevirl--4-oil - Txl90 - Water 25 IbqtA
I -- (X)
I
~)t)~ E Untreated Ch8Cks
-bullbull Ptlo~SNI tuLIIGF f3fiE-1IlN
tV Jgt 0shy co o o o o o o
061bgalA D-lmilin 25 WP (early)
I - I Iebull uO J-o I~ erG i1 JimHin 25 wP (normal) I-rj
j-J
o~ f-J (1)
Sevin-4-oil - Kero sene I--~ Ib40 ozA I-rj ll 0 UJ I-
~h 0 lbmiddot(jmiddott gt - 11 DirJlin 33 oil - TXl90 - Water I-- p1 CD UJ CD UJ
rI-~ Diu-Uin 33 oiI - Ke ro ~ene 00Obull 3 1(1 qt 1-
sect co
f-- c+ OJ-J ampl 0
~evin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water bull l51bqtA
lJ f-J CD
DiJ1lilin 25 l-lP I06 IbgalA to
1j f-J Pl
lti
51bqtA _ Sevin-L~-oil - Kero sene pD H o I-- j-J
-o
p c+~ Ib40 OZA _ Sevin-L-oil - TXl90 - Water f-J
~
25 IbqtA Selin-4-oil - TX1-90 - ltIater
Untreated Checks I
f- -0
I
I I II II III I
II II II II
-
Project Number GM 613 Project Title Field Testing of Ground Applied Insecticides Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Larry L Herbaugh W H McLane C R Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Experimental use permits were received from EPA in early June 1976 for testing Orthene 75S Imidanreg 50 Wp Sevi~) 80S In addishytion to the above Sevin-4-oil with water and NTN 9306 were tested
One-acre plots were established in the Bald Eagle State Forest lands in Centre and Clinton Counties Pennsylvania These plots contained a measureshyable population of gypsy moth eggs and were located in heavily wooded areas representative of campground situations
These plots were established so that they were ca 200 feet square with a small dirt road dividing them Within each one-acre plot two subplots or sampling units were established Each of these illlits comprised 140 of an acre and was placed on each side of the road These 140 acre sampling units were used for all evaluations throughout the program
Application Only a small quantity of materials were needed for application Because of this materials were mixed on site using conventior~l mixing equipment and a nurse tank for a water supply All mixing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between treatments to avoid any adultershya tion
The materials were applied with a John Bean Mist Blower mounted on a 1-12 ton 4-wheel drive truck at the following rates
25 Ib a ir gal H20A
50 lb ai5 gal H20A Orthene 75S 10 It ai5 gal H20A Imidan So Wp 15 Ib ailS gal H20A and Sevin 80S 20 Ib ailS gal H2OA
3S Ib ai5 gal H2OA
Each of these dosages was replicated 3 times for each material
125 Ib ailS gal H20ANTN 9J06 50 Ib ai5 gal H20A
Sevin-4-oil and 20 Ib ailS gal H20A T X-190 + water 35 Ib ailS gal H20A
Evaluation Each treatment was evaluated from the standpoint of percent foliage protection larvae reduction using a 15 foot string count and egg massesacre reduction Tht latter data is not yet available at this vrriting
Foliage protection and larvae reduction are shown in the following table
-20shy
II - II - II II II II II II II - - II II -- shy -Foliage Average Larval String Counts
Material Dosage Protection Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment l 25 Ib ai5 gallA L~9 5 20 46 50 Ib ai5 gallA 667 25 22
10 lb ai5 gallA 854 30 20Imidan 50 wp 15 lb ai5 gallA 580 18 33
20 Ib ai5 gallA 565 2S 16 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 420 33 14
Check - 3middotS 19 8
1O25 Ib ai5 gallA -LL bull 5 26 5 So Ib ailS gallA 620 22 2
10 Ib ailS gallA 43middotS 23 2Sevin 80S 15 Ib ailS gallA 55S 22 1
20 Ib ailS gallA 827 26 1 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 894 2S S
Check - So 42 40
2S Ib ai5 gallA 800 29 6
50 lb ailS gallA 911-1 25 3 10 Ib ailS gallA SlLtO 26 2
NI Orthene 7SS ~J
15 Ib ailS gallA 9)-1-0 29 0 I 20 Ib ailS gallA 940 22 0
35 Ib ai5 gallA 940 19 0 Check - 7S 48 Sl
Sevin-4-oil + 20 1b ailS gallA 770 39 6 T X-190 + H2O 35 Ib ai5 gallA 870 3S 9
12S Ib ailS gallA 750 15 1NTH 9306 5 Ib ailS gallA 730 IS 2
oCheck - 20 10j
l Post-treatment readings based on 5th day after treatment
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Conclusion Initial results show that Imidan~ 50 Wp gave ca 5~o folia~~ protection and ca 16 larval reduction at the 3 higher dosages
SevillE 80S gave ca 76 foliage protection and ca 99 reduction in larval activity at the 3 higher dosages
Orthenereg 758 gave ca 94 foliage protection and ca 100 larval control at the 3 higher dosages
In comparison the two new formulations of Sevin-4-oil and T X-190 and H20 and NTN 9306 gave ca 8~o and 74 foliage protection respectively and ca 78 and 87 reduction in larval activity respectively
Data in the following table indicate that Orthene0) 758 and Sevi~ 80S will give the greatest degree of foliage protection as well as reducing larval activity on a 15 foot string count
-22shy
bullbull I)
I)
I)
I)
bullbullbullbullbull II II I)
II I)
II I)
Project Number GM 614 Proj8ct Title Evaluation of Pesticides for Browntail Moth Report Period April 1 1976 - September 31 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
The primary objective of this p~oject is to screen candidate materials against the browntail moth
Orthene reg was the only material tested against brown tail larvae
Dosage Instar 110rtali ty Days
After Treatment
1 IbaigalA II 92 2 05 IbaigalA II 100 2 025 IbaigalA II 96 2 012 IbaigalA II 90 2 006lbaigalA II 98 2 Check II loS 2
Mr McLane Mr Stockbridge Mr Stelle Mr Mosley and Mr Cartier met with Cape Cod National Seashore personnel to discuss future broNQtail work on the Cape A 5 year program was proposed as a result of the meeting and phone conversations vi th the Department of Interior and APHIS personnel
1976 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil ground plots with Sevin 80S
1977 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil Pyrethrin and Dimilin
1978 Select the most promising from the ones experimentally tested in 1976 and 1977 treat the entire infestation on Cape Cod using aircraft backpacks and mistblowers
1979 Clean up any infestation left
1980 Clean up any infestation left
However after a meeting wi th the Seashore Advisory Committee park super-shyintendent Hadley made a decision that no spraying should be done Q~til
the committee was informed of our plans and their approval was obtained To date this meeting has not come about
Meetings
Area I Managerial Meeting Hartford Corill Mr McLane gave a talk on the proposed 5 year broivntai1 moth program for Cape Cod Mass
Mr McLane met with Mr J KilIan Chief Environmentalist for the Cape Cod National Seashore to discuss the brovrrtaiL problem at the Seashore
-23shy
bullbullbullbull II II
bull II II II II
bullbullbullbullbull
Project Number (~riI 6l5 Project Title Regulatory Treatments (Laboratory - Field) Report Period AfrE 1 1976 - September W 1976 Report TJpe Irl tertIa Project Leaders Winfred H McLane L Ii Herbaugh J A Einney
The lack of effective treatment methods fer recreational vehicles and mobile homes is a major dficipncy Ll the APHIS Gypsy Hath regulatory program Slt1xpcIimentcl laboratory and field tests are conducted to develop improved techniques for cP2ling iii tt thi s and other r811atory problems
On December 191175 a residue test I2S s tartlaquo Nt) 7 irs(~ctiGiles Tvo hundr-ed tar paper squares (6 x 6) each were treated with insectjcide using amp c 5 It aita1 soLut i on SevfTI insecticideswere tested with 1 set of tar paper used fUJ a check The papers were treated to the point of runshyoff Half of t he paper-s were aged oucdoor-s tacked under (4 x 8) sheets of masonite haI f were hs Ld inside the laboratory Norie were exposed to sunlight
Ten newly h~tchd sectYl)sy noth larvae were exposed to tar paper sheets at 10 day Lnte rval a iC)r the f i r s t lCO days of aging fo Llowing treatment This was achieve by pLacing +he paper in a cyl inrrricaL cardboard container wi th artificial di et lt J10rta1 ity readings were( made after 24 hours and L8 hours
Mortality Hr- JJarvae Exposed After Naterial Aged
Material ~___ to IvIaterial U)() Days 200 Das 260 Lays
DDT 50 vp Insil1Ff lGO 100 32 inside ~CJO 100 100
0Outside 100 jlt 20 UlI1sideuro- 100 100 100
Resmethrin Inside 24 28 (EC) Inside )-8 oP R4 I ~)
IJutfLfle 24 28 48 7)-
SBP-l Sl) 2L R(8C) Ll~middot
OJ 9C -I iOe
96
10 1f)C
bullbull II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
bullbull
I10rtality Hr La~Jae Exposed After Ha terial
laterial Aged to r1aterial 100 Days 200 Days 26C Daye
Phoxin Inside 24 100 98 100 (EC) IIlside 48 100 100 100
Outs i de 24 100 100 100 Outside La 100 100 100
Pyrenone Inside 2L+ 34 46 2 (EC) insLde 48 60 72 46
cdOutside --I~ 38 16 a Outside I+8 61~ +2 28
I1onitor Inside ~I lUO )eLf 78 (L
G~)(EC) 118 1)0 100 Outsids 2Li 66 46
ooOutside LiS i(JO z jLi
) I Check Inside - -t 5~middot 26 0 - j
Insid~ hB ~L gt+ 6 l)uttir~c 4 20 2 Cllt3ide- ~t~~ t ~ 1+0 6
Based on Laboratrrv rfsul tc lJresented in the IJst report a field test was started August 3 196 with Iop Job pine scent wax [ax remover Dimilin and fire ex t ingui shcr agent Ten egg masses are be ing treated each month from August 3 197C unt i I April 1 1977 Five masses are being covered wi th black building paper and S are being left exposed lhree dosages of each material are being usel along wi th a check
During April 1977 211 eggs will be col Lec ted and incubated in the labora-middot tory for hatch If hatch can hi pr2vented it may be possible to uae one or more of thlaquo materials as a treatment on tr_L18rs and RVs
To date 3 t reatments haveJeer made
On June 23 19761+ uate r i al s (Sevin (583 S8 [n-i~-il Orthene and Lrridan ) most generally used f Jr gypsy mot h control h~ sprayed -+0 the poi rrt of runshyoff on 110 acre plots us ing a back-pack mist~jL)1er Dosago s usee were same as rec()mmeIldw~ in ths APHIS recillatorJ rnanual
Every 3 day fo11ovrC9 tl(~atment rliage was c oll eo te d and Lioassaysd against 3ro instar Larvae 1fCt~middot~ 72 hour lrtality reading being mado After 9middot days treated foliag wal stiLl givirfL~_2[pound211eln mortalitx
q ~[ortality After Material L Days Ul Days lC s3[S _
Sevin 8)3
Sev-inmiddotmiddotL-Gil OrtbeEe Imidan Check 17
--
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II
bullbullbullbull
II
Project Number GM 616 Project Title Field Testing of Javenile Hormone Analogs for Ovicidal
Activity Report Period Anril 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Itterim Project Leaders Charles P Schwa2be A P Norris
The juvenile hormone analogs Al tozar lE and ZR-t19 SE have been reported as having ovicidal properties When gypsy moth 8fg nasses are deposited on recently treated surfaces hat chab iLi ty yf 8ggS is reduced ZR-619 also appears to inhibit female moths from layingjhriT full complement of eggs Compounds with these properties may be user1 fOT regulatory treatments
Boles of white and red oak trees -lere sprayed foe tho point of ruri-off with water emulsions of Altozar and ZR-619 at 8g1 Ireatsents were aged for 1 3 7 14 21 and 28 days before bioassay At tb~ end of each aging period S or more 3 day old mated female moths from f Le Ld collected pupae were imprisoned on each of S trees (total ()f 25 replicatestreatment) Ihere were 10 replicates (2 trees) for each control The female moths that deposited egg masses were recovered (generally after one day) placed in polyethylene bags and frOZet111D riI they could be dissected to determine the number of unl a i d eggs Egg masses wiI 1 be coJlscted from the treated and control surfaces during IlecembQr 1976 an~ tested for embryonation parasi tization and ha tchabiLt ty
Females from the 1 3 7 and 28 day exposure pe r i ous have been dissected and unlaid eggs counted The results are shovn by the accompanying tab Le Preliminarily it appears that with the excep ti on of the 1 day ZR-61) treatment there was no effect of treatment on the nurnbe r of eggs laid by female moths It is interesting to note that laboratoryreaTf3(J tno th s were useci for the 1 day ZR-6l9 trea tluent Dcotailed disCUSSJCiD 01 thesA data will be deferred until all ]~eSl--l ts OCl egg smbryona t i on parc~si_ t i zation and hatchability have been obtained
-26shy
-----------
middot-------_ bullbullbull _~ bullbull EGGS lJlI11AID EY FENALES EXPOSED TO TRUNKS pHEATED WITH ALTOZAR 4E lIJm ZRmiddot-619 SE
Q2Y2129ynd
Iiays Treatment
ampif_~i
Numbe-r of Used
_fre~ t Control
Females Recovered
Tle~t __CoDjl~_
Numbe-r Unlaid Eggs Total Average
1reaJ_Qonto L)~1Zs~J_-0ontro1
Al i008) ) E~
ZI -~ I~~ 19 ~I~~
I
J 36 c )
14 Ij(1
32 ~
1 f 1~Lr
13 123[3 7G34
380 1797
387 )36
271 138 ~)
A1 t ozar I
11-- S1 C] ~ --
3
3 L~O
50 16 T1-s 1shy
30 ~)8
If) 1 -Llt
1394 1519
619 - (1 I
J-~
L+65 5hJ
Lf 13 493
A1 t-IZ~lX )~r~
~~R-C ~L9 ~jE
i ~ r ~O
Igt ~ c
15 18
J- 39
11 1 I LL4
104)~ l1-rr
660 F3S5
J26 292
508 632
I ) -J
I
Al t 0 L~i C i~)
-~Ti lt(j1 r)
Altozar wE Z11-(19 SE
)Q
~
- ~)
- 1 j
LJ
25 27
3j
30
12 -
-ii
14 IS
2S ~) ~
25 2S
10 1U
11 J 2
805 sed
1059 1398
2L~6 r(0
JJSO 9
2 3)
Li24 5)9
25() 6
12~ 7 391
JfJrtttcry r~ared iEIalCs ant] m3Jl~ used aUJthers ere fr-om f iel d collected pupae
bullbull Project Number GM 622
bull Project Title Responses of ~Ble Gypsy Moths to Traps as AffecteC ~
the PeatE of Pheromone Release Report Period April I 1976 - Septe~ber 30 1976
bullbull
Report Type Errcer im Project Leaders Charles P Sch~Lb2 E C Paszek
Preliminary trapping experiments with disparlure indicated that attracti-veshyness is affected by the rJte at which the pheromone is released from the trap Large amount s of lure seemed 0 have an inhfb i torr or repellent effect ConfLrmatorv studies were planned in which multiples of Corrre Ic fibers would be used to bait standaTd delta traps in order to define the pheromone ls1ea8e rate at which maxinnna attradiveness 10 sul ted Such inshyformation would be 2xcPPdingly useful in pI(eparnf specifications for comshy
bull mercial production of progTam pheromone dispenpers Unfortunately certain difficulties vpre encYLmtered in developing a sound expemiddotrinental program and it was suggested that this work be carried out by scientists at the
bullPennsylvania Stat Uni ve r-si ty Freliminary date have been made available to us but we 8re unable to uti I izhen in this report
bullExperiments in tti- pr)j0ct aCil Cl conduc tcd in collaboration with the ARS Optically active enantiCnj2rs of cis-Jlrparhrre were generously made available by Dr NarU1n(j~ Nagoya Uruve r-s i vs Iagoya Japan The objective of the tests was to determine the attractiveness (or other biological
bull properties) of tIl optically active ~nantiomers of disparlure Similar experiments were conducted by scientists from Nlchigan State University and the New York and C~~1nectiut State Agricultural Experimerct Stations
bullbullThese tests weI c onduc tcd in a natural infestation in FaTl River State Porest ILl lraps gtJere baited wit[ cc t t on dentJ wicks to which had been applied the indicated amcunt s of ( ) and-) (-) disparlure Delta traps were used in all ttsts i)fj a 25 III grid pat tfJ~11 rh) numbe r- of malt motho captured gtl2S reeordec c regular LrrtsrvaLs
In one experim8~lt the attrac tivene ns of racemic d i apar-I ure was compared with that of (+) enarrti omar Ihe rssults of middotshi test are given in Table 1
Table I Number of moths captur-sd il trans middotcLti ted with varying amount s elf racemic and optically active Hsparlure
1 L
lCCJC
------------------__-----_ _--__------shy
II II These ltlata clearly reflect -gt0 superior attractancy of the (+) enarrt iore r
compared with that of racemic mate r i al Approximately 10 X more raoths were captured with 100 ug (+) disP8rlure than with an equal amount of racemic pheromone Unfor-tuna te Ly limited amounts of the enantiomers
II prohibited testing at dosages gTeater than 10C ug and therefore it is
II not known if greater dosages woull -Lead to repeLten t or inhibitory effects It should also be noted that the Jptically active material contained ca 66 of its an t i podo Hirhly puCified pbermiddot~Cwj~e would likely yield someshywhat different data Ih_u is the first rcpc--t of 3~ clear relationship beshytween dosage and r-e sponee wheIc n_creased ple romone concentration y-ields a corresponding increase in ruoth response
II In another test the inhLbi t ory properties ()f t1gt (-) s nant iomar- were quantified deti3rrninirlg tile at t ractivenes (~r var i cus ratios of (+) and (-) disparlure These lata a~e presented n Table I
bull Table II NWllber of riaLe mo trs captured in tIP -x1ited with various
t~r8rltiomer ra tios
bull ----- -~---_ I shy
ugtraJ ug -) per Average catch ( -I- ) -i- _----LQ_ llg ~~_ J2eL_tmiddotr~a=p _
9 jL o (I te 936 1 1 75 120
c99 _J j 3-68 63 I
bull J 00 ioo L+ 12 ~ ~I I ) 380 32
bull L159 59 ~ 08
As addi tiCmiddot] iJlCgt1EltS oi (-) middotnre tdded V_ ij CZS ccntaiuing 10 uij (+) a t tr-activene ss 22di~J jmiddotrc~8s-(~ dsmonc2at~E the Lnhib i tOIJ nature
Yn t he ( c-~ j bull_ 1 m n - v 11+ i (1 60L f th01 rllt~ - 11 ccuUCc JgO_Ll -l_~e au k bull t-_f- CO bullbull oa~ne I )0 0 v bull e
II bull ) - -- n -I- f- - ~ 1 s +--- +- bull - -- - f ( rl J l dOppOSle c_Dctl_bull )Eler hie e_ua ar tr-ac mvene so O~ + -LlSpar_Ure COU
Dot be ceteIlied ~~xt-aTJ)lation of the p]ttcCc data suggests that 9Cf~ (+) disp2rl1lle 1~Cl~_middot(J cap turv 15-~() t i mes a iafr ~ioths as TaGer-tic phero-shymane at tho 10 -cC -2vel
A rnore 6ta-iled -report i s cur-rentIy ceins- lYr-pT~P( JJ_C pub lication The manuacrLpt -middotimiddotL 1 c~ i ~11 uIsd ~ n tho nex t LacL8tcr_~ P~ IJort
Project Number GM 623 Project Title Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leader Charles P Schwalbe
There is no progress to report on this project A prototype apparatus is being assembled which will permit systematic evaluation of various collection substrates Recent papers report successful collection of airborn volatiles on Porapak Q and Molecular sieve If quantitative collection of disparlure from female moths is s11ccessful pheromone emission will be used as a standard for determining quality of insects mass reared under various conditions
I I I I I
-30shy
I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I
Project Number GM 626 Project Title Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leader Edward C Paszek
Tree Tanglefoot a natural product made from castor oil gum resins and vegetable wax was used as an adhesive for sJPSY moth traps for )6 years 1913-1969 It was replaced in 1970 with Tack Trap a synthetic plastic type adhesive (polyisobutylene) which was less costly and through field testing found to be more effective than Tree Tanglefoot in holding capshytured moths in a trap Tack Trap has gone up in price fr-om $0421b in 1970 to $130lb in 1976 A number of companies are marketing synthetic sticky compounds to protect trees from climbing insects and as bird reshypellants These compounds were compared with Tack Trap and Tree Tanglefoot to determine their effectiveness in holding ca~tured ~psy moths
8plusmn5 of the following six compounds were weighed and applied to approxishymately 286 cm2 of the interior surface area of Delta traps An aging study on 12 these open traps was conducted in the greenhouse at a tempshyerature range of 10degC to 32degC for 5) months (119-62376) A field bioassay was made on 71476 after 6 months of aging in a natural infestshyation followed by a laboratory bioassay 91676 after 8 months of aging
Table I Mean number of 6 Boths per trap after 1 hour field bioassay in heavy infestation 24 hour laboratory chamber bioassay with )00 released 6 moths
Field Laboratory
Tack Trap (new sample) 145 60 Bird Iang1efoot 120 90 Excelcide Bird Repellant 105 200 Tack Trap (old sample) t10 105 Stikem-Special Iree Tanglefoot
6S o r
14)1)
After 6 months of aging in open traps Tack Prap Bird Ianglefoot Excelshycide Bird Repellant and Stikem-Special held captur-ed native moths Tree Tanglefoot glazed over and was a poor adhesive When bioassayed Ln a laboratory chamber after 8 months oflging vri it released moths many moths entered and fLev out of the traps indcating that the adhe sive tend to dry out and stiffen after Long periods of aging
The remaining samples were stored folded flat on the shelf in a closed paper carton at room te~perature (approxi~ately 22C) B~th sets of traps were weighed after 6 weeks of aging (3176) to deterwiu8 weight loss of the adhesives due to voLat i Liza t i on of solvents
-ushy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
-32shy
bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II II II II
bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
-----
Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
- 34shy-
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
-35shy
II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
-shy
CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
I -v f)
I
10
bullbull C N
bull 0shy-It)---
C) ~
~ et
gtshy ~
-lt
l 1 o Li
u Clt bull z ~ l pH
V i) j
iJ2
~
1M
Ibull
0= I~U Z
I~~ 0 tx N U
Z ~
pound0 t
~ N ()
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+ J ~ J
a U Z
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-J
o a ~
Z
o o 0 o- 00 ~
031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
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I I
Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
I I
-50shy
I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
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Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
I I I I
I II
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Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
I
I
I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
I
I I I I I I I
-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
I
I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
I
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I
I -58shy
Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
II I I I
I I
I I
I
Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
-59shy
bullbullI
bullII
I
Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
-60shy
-------------------shy 111
--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
bull I I
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I -61shy
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
I I I
I I
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I -62shy
tests is being done can begin as soon as
I
I
Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
I I I I I
-63shy
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
I
I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
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TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
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--- -
---
_=shy - -- - --
~Iaterial Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Mortal i -- - ~-= -- = -=- -shy
0ecis Procida 00065 ngalA II 1 65 II 2 66
J II 3 58 fI II 1
(Yo Nu-film 17) 7S L TT 1i--l
(Jlo Chevron Sticker) 41
1 II 1 (50 Pinocene
Sticker) 53 4 00032 lbgalA II 1 59 4
H II 2 56 3 II 3 35 4
00016 IbgalA II 1 34 4 II 2 27 3
H H H II 3 23 4 H H 00008 IbgalA II IH 22 4
H II 2 24 3 II 3H 21 L
Checks a 4 = 0013 lbgalA II (2 hr artificial 1JV light) 100 7
7 ~ 0006) Iblial A II 87 I
bull H
00032 OtciJ i II 28 7
bull H
iI 00016 2- t-gallA I 3L~ 7
I 00008 IbgalA II 20 7 Check 0 7
00013 lbgalA II (4 hr artificial UV light) 90 4
00065 lbgalA II 60 4 00032 IbgalA II 12 4
bullbull H
H
00016 lbgalA II 9 4 00008 IbgalA II 4 4
Check 0 4 OOlJ lbgalA II (2 hr natural
sunlight) 99 6
bull H 00065 l1)galA II 97 6
Ii T~00032 ~bgaA 86 6
bull
H 00016 IbgalA II 67 6 I OOOOEl ItgalA II 35 IJ
Check 0 6 0013 IbgalA IT (4 hr naturalj
sunlight) 66 2 00065 IbgalA TT 32 2_LJ
bull j l irJ i t
00032 ))a-I raquo - 40 2 00016 IbgalA II 29 2
bull
t t OOG08 Ibfla A II H 17 2 Check 0 2
bull -8shy
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-- - ~
2crial Company Dosage l8r-C ~ - --- --_ --shyInstar Weather Agirg - - - -- -- shy
l~FMC 30980 FMC 0062 lbgalA II r -
J~ shy~ O0312 IbgalA II -~ shy~
0015 IbgalA II 58 shy
0007 1bgalA II 16 5 0003 lbga1A II 7 5
Check a 5 0025 lb gaL A II 1 61 7 0012 lbgalA II 1 70 7 0062 1-1_u ga II 1 15 7
bull IIA
0003 ItgalA II 1 5 7 0001 1bgalA TT 1 ij I~1
7
bull
Check II 1 7
middotT 35171 FMC 02 ItgalA II 100 3 01 lbgalA II 100
bull J
005 lbgalA II 100 3
bull 0025 1bgalA II 99 3
0012 1tgalA II 99 3 0006 IbgalA II 99 4 II Tshy
10003 IbgalA 100 L~ 0001 1bgalA II 100
bull 4shy 00007 lbgalA II 97 4
Check 1 4 002 lbga1A II 1 100 5
001 Lb~ Igal- li II 1 100 5I
bull I 0006 IbgalA II 1 100 5
0003 lbg-alA II 1 96 5 0001 lbgalA 1 1 1 90 5
r-
bull TTCheck LL 0
bull - -
~3497 FMC 02 ngalA II 98 4 01 lbgalA II 95 4 005 lbgalA II 87 4 002 IbgalA II 75 L 001 lbgalA II 51 4
bull Check II a 4
002 ngalA II 1 17 6 001 1bga1A II 1 15 6
bull
0006 lbgalA II 1 10 6 0003 ItgalA II 1 7 6 I
n j VUJ
r~ IbgalA II 1 6
bull ~
Check J 6
-_ G li]1C 021 IbgalA II 100 P ~- A 3
010 oIE L II 100 1rl
0052 IbgalA n 100 1
I 0026 IbgalA II 100 1
it 0013 IbgalA II 81 3 0006 1 A 1 I gal II 92 4
TT 4 0003 IbgalA 67L~
11 00016 111 A J fla1 II 29 4 T- 4Check 0J
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Day
bullbull After
Material Company Do sago Instar Weather Aging Nor tal Lty Treatment
FMC 45498 FMC OO2( middotbgalA II 1 40 5 CJ in 3 ~_ b sal A II 1 L) 5
bull T 000 1r)g-al~A JL 1 25 5
oC() lbira1A II 1 10 5 cooi Hq]lAJ 01lt- II 1 I) 5~
bull
( -le~K II i S
pp 383 leI l~O iJ~Cil A II leo 2
bull I bull A 0) LUI gcU II 100 2
~ ~ S IbgaiA l L 100 3 (1 - TT 3J ~ l-LlasalA 100
bull
A1n gal) II 1
1 1 ] II
I 006 - 90 1 I C03 lgtjga ii 93 6
TT r1 J 001 lbgc11 69 v
OG07 tSr l 1I 49 61ha II
bull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Il 11 9 C~(J) ~J f I-~ ( I J l II 33 6_Ishy
I I P r
~)~DO_ 1-) -al~J I 1 J1 16 5 II TTGlICOO9 b ~S8Jt -t 7 5
j L I p 1 J A (~ w ()C)oLi L U Kctl n IT 1 5 i~t ~(ck 11 0 5
RE-218 RahID - )Haas O lt)c Lgal- II 1 86 J
q (j it(1 I h i t~ 1 A -
-- ~ Clti)L i J II 1 96 3 ll II 1 96 3
~T
o j-1A 1 bullbull 1 64 3
11 1 28 3 -J1C k 0 3
2umithion S tauflaquo n (feY -- lbgalA II 100 Lt
OilS 1b gEtl 1 II (+15 Atlox) 100 Lt p u ) 1b r 1 II (+15 Sorpol) 100 gaL 11- 3
r ] 1-- 13 A ) 5 --I II 1 48 3 11 ~ 05 ugal L Jr 1 ( +15 Atlox) 26 3
o c 1b 13 I A- rr 1 (+15 Sorpo1) 17 1T I raquo ~ 1) 1- 3
o ~ S~ b6d L d II 1 (+ Y6 Rhop1ex Sticker) 100 4
n v- l-bgatA II 2 (+Jib Rhoplex Sticker) CG L
J bull ~
r~ r- bull J 1) gelmiddot i1li L1 3 (+10 Rhonlex Sti~ker) 100 5
o J- ~CJ LA II 1 (+15 Atlox + Y6 Rhoplex
Sticker) reoj)
c o itgalA II 2 (+15 Atlox + 16 Rhoplex
Stickel) 64 4 J tf
lu-r II (+15 Atlox +J r
1A Rhop1ex
Sticker) 81 5
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bullbullbullbull
~~-P~
81 -~ shyMaterial Company Dosage Instal Weather Aging Mortal qy Irsa =e-
Sumithion Stauf-D ~ npounda 1 Itfer tgt -- II 1 (+15 Sarpal +
7J1 JO Rhaplex
Sticker) 99 L r A (+15 Sorpa1 +0 bull ~
i~lt) l~-oGc I ~- 1) II 2
Jo Rhon1ex Sti~ker) 99 4
~ ~T r) II
~) uI gall it 4l1 3 (1-15 Sorpol + Jo Rhoplex
Sticker) 80 5 fl bull 1 la- 1 A (JS C) t4L f 11 100 41-
I O~ ItgalA II (+15 Atlox) 100 3 - 1 TT itgt C JbgaJ ti -L (+190 Sorpal) 99 3
b egtl~- it L 1 32 3 t-1 TT - 5
ga A J 1 (+15 Atlax) 11 3 r-l
-
I~~ ~ 1-0 ~cl A II III lJ Sarpal)C-_) + ~ 13 30
I A l~l Ill J cV~ II 1 (+ 31~ Rhaplex Sticker) 95 4
TTI hcl~ i CC-- o lL 2 74 6 ( J_ =- gSL Ji 1 3 85 5 t~
~~_ i coEt Ii 1 (+ JIo Atlax + JIo Rhap1ex
Sticker) 97 ) -tshy ~ --T-t - bull l_ 2 (+ Jo Atlcx +
j( Rhoplex Sticker) 71 6
I ~ k_ 5 ( T]~ AtLox +
] lhoplex Sticker) 30
l r~ shy r ~) c~ I J~- 1 1 (+1 Sorpal + JIo Rhoplex
Sticker) 94 4 iI 1 r- g -o l A (+15 Sarpol +-~~ S _ u __ TT
bull_ )LL
JIo llhoplex sticker) 76 6
It r-11
~middot -iA U bLJ II 3 (+15 Sarpal + 3 Rhaplex
Sticker) 66 5 Checks 0 6
VEL 3883 r e1 si~ -r-vshycol _L 1 bC[i~L IA J i 99 6
H J ~~J euromiddotmiddott J A 99 6
fil If o g8 A 100 6
v 1~ - L gLllA ~l 89 o TT L
~ ( J6 (cilA 85 6
L ~E- 1 IA II 77 6 H -j 1-- ~-- ~ -= ~~ 156 _~ _ tdL H II 65 6 I ~ ~ C073 ~L (pound7)1 1~ 1L 26 6 If j ~ r)() )0 1 t A Li 10 6_1
CL~z L 0 6
-11shy
J)----Cl c
~+~---IJ_ ~__
Via terial Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Nortality TrGlt-e
VEL 3883 Velsi shy-1 col 10 lbga1A II -- )
05 1bga1A II 1 ~
II t--~025 1bgalA II 1 2 -012 1bga1A II 1 2 5
006 1bga1A II 1 0 c -Check II 0 )
irk continued with the new SevinID-4-oil formulation The viscos i ty o f ( formulations was tested
bullbullbullbullbull -12shy
The Tri toamp X-190 and Sevint-lt-cil formulation was field tested at
LO Ibs a i qt fA bull 0 uraquo Ell bull I qt I
025 lbs ai qt A
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbull-13shy
This formulation vlaS compar-ed tc SeviIi0-4-oil and kerosene at
10 Ibs ai40ozA0 Ibs aiatA
We are happy to rfport that Orthene-E 75S and Djm51iamp 25 Wp ve rc registered by the Uni ted States Environmental Protection Acncy for gJpsy moth use
Orthene 7SS
By a i r - 23 to 1 1L a i 2 qt H20A
hBy air - 003 to )06 lb a~ I i or 2 galA
The Ot_s laborltory and field rews played a grect part in the success of both mat8ria~81lt
__ltl- IjJSixteen gall ons ly)rthern red oak Jcmiddot-r118 were colI f~ted and stored in
cold storage
A totaI It --~ ~fL)13(ti(~i_l 88-~p~~~~s IT~jl1~ ~eCf~velt ~-()l ~~_8J)Clrato~rr and field tejts
Much of t ru s YCPO]tD peTioieJ STJmiddot~middott work i nr jYJ che field on experimental insecticide plats
A sui +able land-fill for the disposed cd emp ty onc~e( t ic ide containers was Loca t ed in Plainvi Ll Le ]Viaco lhis is about 6C i Les from Otis and is reshycommended by the Boston off i ce of Uni tec f372tes Environmental Protection Agency
Host Laboratory equipment-Ims packed ready for moving into the new building
I~etings
JIr HcLane gave talk 01 th Eftgt eetment made in 1(316 and demonstrated
ec davs in Hyat t svilLe H]) work i ng on apshy
bull
bull
bull
bullbull
bull
bull
bull bull
bull
bull
bullbullbull
Project Number GN 612 Project Title 1976 Field Studhs of Differen~ E()rmulations of
IrlnuLin and Sevin-)-1--0il Report Period April 1 1976 September 30 1976 Report lype P t T TO lecmiddot LJeaGers
Interim Larrry L Herbaugh w H l1cLane C H Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Each year f or the past 3 generation3 the gypsy moth Lymantri8 dispar (L) bas defci Latori thouaands of ac re s of forested Land in t he northeast Because of tht s investigations bTe corrt inual l y be i ng carried out to evaluate new materies and new fITfillations of current registpred ~ateria18
IVlaterlaJs and Methods In 1970 the following rnat0rial~ and fo rmula tions were tested for gypsy moth con t r o l DimiLin op Dilli1in 3middot~ Gil keroser18 Dimilj~rl j middot3 oil + TlitolJ X-190 + water Se~Tin-J-(Jil + kerosene arid Se-rJin-Lt-oil t- TLampt ton xmiddot~ l~)() + JcLtE-r Each ell the maLer-La~_S va s aerially applied to 50 acre plots Hi 3 replicates for ov aLua t i on Table I gives the details on chemical concentration and application rate
IabLs I Details of 19c6 formula t i (lUS field tested
-------------__------------Cllemical Concent ra t ion
and I1a tcrial APl21 Leat_ign Ra te- __ __ _Eerm~middotdlts ___ _
9DVcd a t less than 7) iage expansion
L~_l I in and wateY--ltL
GO scicker added
DimiLin 3 j oil ( 1 1b c 1 AU bull jJ - ct1 oct fl Keroaerie+ KerOS(~rle
I)rrlilirl 3 3 ~)il
-+- Tr5_tor )-19D1- r 3 lb ai gaJI~
water
Se-r]] fl-4-0il + ) SJ Cl IA ~6 middotJZ K81~GSe~ne
Kero serle 10 lb J_~ o~A 8 07 ~Kt-~-cosene
bull ~)~ vin -J i-Cil i -~
bull Se ~i ~L( Lt- 0 i 1
bull11 r X-190
wa teT
bull
bull
Plot Establishrnent TLe test plots were established Ln an area adjacent to the 1975 study area in Clinton COill1ty Peru1sylvania This area met the following requirements (l) a building population in whi ch there had been no Bore than 1 years noticeable defoliation prior to the test year (2) a readily measureabJe population of egg masses and (3) a predominance of preferred host trees (oaks)
Each So acre square plot was laid out by establishing an accessible base corner and plotting boundary lines along compass headings Harkers were placed at 811 four corners for aircraft guidance Within each 50 acre plot 5 s~bplots (01 acre) or sampling units were randomly established These subplots were representative of the entire plot and served as samplshying points throughout the experiment Sampling points were similarly e s tab l i shec in untreated check areas to measure natural ccndi tions
Application The application schedule was de s i gned so that material was to be applied when the majority of the larvae were in the late second inshystar stage and the oak foliage was 50-75 expanded One exception to this was the early treatment of Ililllilin that was applied at early 1st instar when oak foliage was less than ~~ expanded
NatErials were mixed and transferred into the aircraft with conventional equipment (mixing tank pumps hoses measuring devices and necessary safety equipment) All niXing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between each treatment to avoid adulteration Radio communications were maintained be tween the ground conditions of wind velocity and materials dispersement
All plots W8T8 treated wi th a Ces~ma Ag Truck al rcraff e quippe d wi th a hydraulic 3rven 2wpellr pump arid 2 converrt i onai STJT3y system (see Table II) The airplane disperse- the craterial lliS fxd- 3wa-ths at ])1 mph as near to tree top level as po ss Lb l e wi th 5 fTcurcl -ird velocity of less than 5 mph
-15shy
bull 1
bullbull bullbullbullbullbull
------- ------gt-_-------------- shy
I1aterial Noz zl e s Orifice
Di miLi n 2 middotIP 006 It d t falA (eal12l) D8-L5 Q
006 10 2j lsd11A DP-middothS Dd-L[r C006 Ib aigallA
J)imillc J 3 (~1 +
Kerosene 003 it Dlqt 80C2FF
Dimilin 1 ~ 0j J
Tli ton X-I + water
8002FF
05 lb aiqt C~~ 2f ~1
iraquo 1b 3iL_ ozA
o 5 ib middot--1 L
10 Lb 8iL-O D002FF
-Evalll~_tior~ ~~~~)~-h ~--Tn~ZIJ8n t J(~~~ emiddot~Ll1at(-a r~(l1Tl the s tandpo trrt of fo lLage protec t i or -ti16 TC [)J-L t -1 crj T~dJ lt middott~ t
tClt)[[l li~LlfiJ 0stJIuates of t~e deg-ree of I rLo t s a t the termination of larval
) f-L CL[ ~ ~ C~-j Lnl rL~~
CC)Lj]gtajng f~_vJ -- ru t C 3 ~ T j 11~
arI~ pl o C5 b~i prl i ~cd p- I Spmiddotrciy JJ -~~LLtl the ex ~ept~---~~ TLrrli~lL ) ~1 all
7shy k( I~C Smiddot- rlE~ _gti~ ~~ - t -) X-19 1 ) -I 12-(middotmiddot-shy ~L~~- ~)l~j_l-in WF
gtrhi c h ~[c -~1 (~ n( -t~ ~I()X ina te ~Y r~ Ii ~~V 1 tf-~r trea tmsnt
(middot~middotf-_lmiddotmiddotl
)JJ
bullbull
ConoIus ion i PT~~i i nunarv data S11~)W tha t all formuLa r ions o r rljiti~l 8JG
Sevin-L-oLl + kcrosble rave (~xce~_ ent results in larval reductJon FrLlbullegg mass vcount L ~ hi macJe +0 Cetenline i this conoi tion continues to hold true
bull One nitial -()nI~ 1~~-)_~2- th_L~ 3~hOv1=~ oxceLlent po ten LLaI is the fact tIlat DimiLi rs - c P JbfcYi appl ie_l at H20 f viJ E le S8 than S oak f()l~_~tge ~-~(lDsicr~ gave g~o)d f- LJ~~(- p-otmiddotciinl and r-uced l arval actishy
bull v ty rl1~aj1~-~1tly ltbullbull T=~ LY 10 )C
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- II II II -shyAfl~U1GE COUNT
10 +shy 0 cc o o o o
~ ~- coe DinuLln 25 wP (early) 06 IbgallA
~~ Dimilin 25 vIP (normal) 06 Ib2 qtA
fojf-
~ I-j CD
~~-~~X~~~~-~~~-~~~~bull
Sevin-4-oil - Kerosene 1 Ib40 ozA
Dirnilln 33 oil - TXl90shy ~CJter 03 IbqtA
Dimilin 33 oil - Kerosene 03 IbqtA
l1 1 CD I
(fJ
0 f-j
~
~ ~ ~
10 1--3 CD r p g c+ CD
f-J p1
~ ~
~~
~~
~~~
lmiddotmiddot 1 IXlt)0 ir t ~ hI + rJeJln-+-OT - - Wo el bullJ UfIi
D middot J tro 06 Ib ~ Ianui rn ~ vvr- gaL li
Sevin I J K~Yr c-nIle lt Ibq+ r0t l-+-j _~L - u gtJ bull 1 - _J bull vi l
~d
o to c+ bullto
d - ~
I
m c+ I-jf-J
~ o o
~ (fJ
~~ Sevin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water 1 Ib) OZA
~~~ Sevirl--4-oil - Txl90 - Water 25 IbqtA
I -- (X)
I
~)t)~ E Untreated Ch8Cks
-bullbull Ptlo~SNI tuLIIGF f3fiE-1IlN
tV Jgt 0shy co o o o o o o
061bgalA D-lmilin 25 WP (early)
I - I Iebull uO J-o I~ erG i1 JimHin 25 wP (normal) I-rj
j-J
o~ f-J (1)
Sevin-4-oil - Kero sene I--~ Ib40 ozA I-rj ll 0 UJ I-
~h 0 lbmiddot(jmiddott gt - 11 DirJlin 33 oil - TXl90 - Water I-- p1 CD UJ CD UJ
rI-~ Diu-Uin 33 oiI - Ke ro ~ene 00Obull 3 1(1 qt 1-
sect co
f-- c+ OJ-J ampl 0
~evin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water bull l51bqtA
lJ f-J CD
DiJ1lilin 25 l-lP I06 IbgalA to
1j f-J Pl
lti
51bqtA _ Sevin-L~-oil - Kero sene pD H o I-- j-J
-o
p c+~ Ib40 OZA _ Sevin-L-oil - TXl90 - Water f-J
~
25 IbqtA Selin-4-oil - TX1-90 - ltIater
Untreated Checks I
f- -0
I
I I II II III I
II II II II
-
Project Number GM 613 Project Title Field Testing of Ground Applied Insecticides Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Larry L Herbaugh W H McLane C R Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Experimental use permits were received from EPA in early June 1976 for testing Orthene 75S Imidanreg 50 Wp Sevi~) 80S In addishytion to the above Sevin-4-oil with water and NTN 9306 were tested
One-acre plots were established in the Bald Eagle State Forest lands in Centre and Clinton Counties Pennsylvania These plots contained a measureshyable population of gypsy moth eggs and were located in heavily wooded areas representative of campground situations
These plots were established so that they were ca 200 feet square with a small dirt road dividing them Within each one-acre plot two subplots or sampling units were established Each of these illlits comprised 140 of an acre and was placed on each side of the road These 140 acre sampling units were used for all evaluations throughout the program
Application Only a small quantity of materials were needed for application Because of this materials were mixed on site using conventior~l mixing equipment and a nurse tank for a water supply All mixing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between treatments to avoid any adultershya tion
The materials were applied with a John Bean Mist Blower mounted on a 1-12 ton 4-wheel drive truck at the following rates
25 Ib a ir gal H20A
50 lb ai5 gal H20A Orthene 75S 10 It ai5 gal H20A Imidan So Wp 15 Ib ailS gal H20A and Sevin 80S 20 Ib ailS gal H2OA
3S Ib ai5 gal H2OA
Each of these dosages was replicated 3 times for each material
125 Ib ailS gal H20ANTN 9J06 50 Ib ai5 gal H20A
Sevin-4-oil and 20 Ib ailS gal H20A T X-190 + water 35 Ib ailS gal H20A
Evaluation Each treatment was evaluated from the standpoint of percent foliage protection larvae reduction using a 15 foot string count and egg massesacre reduction Tht latter data is not yet available at this vrriting
Foliage protection and larvae reduction are shown in the following table
-20shy
II - II - II II II II II II II - - II II -- shy -Foliage Average Larval String Counts
Material Dosage Protection Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment l 25 Ib ai5 gallA L~9 5 20 46 50 Ib ai5 gallA 667 25 22
10 lb ai5 gallA 854 30 20Imidan 50 wp 15 lb ai5 gallA 580 18 33
20 Ib ai5 gallA 565 2S 16 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 420 33 14
Check - 3middotS 19 8
1O25 Ib ai5 gallA -LL bull 5 26 5 So Ib ailS gallA 620 22 2
10 Ib ailS gallA 43middotS 23 2Sevin 80S 15 Ib ailS gallA 55S 22 1
20 Ib ailS gallA 827 26 1 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 894 2S S
Check - So 42 40
2S Ib ai5 gallA 800 29 6
50 lb ailS gallA 911-1 25 3 10 Ib ailS gallA SlLtO 26 2
NI Orthene 7SS ~J
15 Ib ailS gallA 9)-1-0 29 0 I 20 Ib ailS gallA 940 22 0
35 Ib ai5 gallA 940 19 0 Check - 7S 48 Sl
Sevin-4-oil + 20 1b ailS gallA 770 39 6 T X-190 + H2O 35 Ib ai5 gallA 870 3S 9
12S Ib ailS gallA 750 15 1NTH 9306 5 Ib ailS gallA 730 IS 2
oCheck - 20 10j
l Post-treatment readings based on 5th day after treatment
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Conclusion Initial results show that Imidan~ 50 Wp gave ca 5~o folia~~ protection and ca 16 larval reduction at the 3 higher dosages
SevillE 80S gave ca 76 foliage protection and ca 99 reduction in larval activity at the 3 higher dosages
Orthenereg 758 gave ca 94 foliage protection and ca 100 larval control at the 3 higher dosages
In comparison the two new formulations of Sevin-4-oil and T X-190 and H20 and NTN 9306 gave ca 8~o and 74 foliage protection respectively and ca 78 and 87 reduction in larval activity respectively
Data in the following table indicate that Orthene0) 758 and Sevi~ 80S will give the greatest degree of foliage protection as well as reducing larval activity on a 15 foot string count
-22shy
bullbull I)
I)
I)
I)
bullbullbullbullbull II II I)
II I)
II I)
Project Number GM 614 Proj8ct Title Evaluation of Pesticides for Browntail Moth Report Period April 1 1976 - September 31 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
The primary objective of this p~oject is to screen candidate materials against the browntail moth
Orthene reg was the only material tested against brown tail larvae
Dosage Instar 110rtali ty Days
After Treatment
1 IbaigalA II 92 2 05 IbaigalA II 100 2 025 IbaigalA II 96 2 012 IbaigalA II 90 2 006lbaigalA II 98 2 Check II loS 2
Mr McLane Mr Stockbridge Mr Stelle Mr Mosley and Mr Cartier met with Cape Cod National Seashore personnel to discuss future broNQtail work on the Cape A 5 year program was proposed as a result of the meeting and phone conversations vi th the Department of Interior and APHIS personnel
1976 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil ground plots with Sevin 80S
1977 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil Pyrethrin and Dimilin
1978 Select the most promising from the ones experimentally tested in 1976 and 1977 treat the entire infestation on Cape Cod using aircraft backpacks and mistblowers
1979 Clean up any infestation left
1980 Clean up any infestation left
However after a meeting wi th the Seashore Advisory Committee park super-shyintendent Hadley made a decision that no spraying should be done Q~til
the committee was informed of our plans and their approval was obtained To date this meeting has not come about
Meetings
Area I Managerial Meeting Hartford Corill Mr McLane gave a talk on the proposed 5 year broivntai1 moth program for Cape Cod Mass
Mr McLane met with Mr J KilIan Chief Environmentalist for the Cape Cod National Seashore to discuss the brovrrtaiL problem at the Seashore
-23shy
bullbullbullbull II II
bull II II II II
bullbullbullbullbull
Project Number (~riI 6l5 Project Title Regulatory Treatments (Laboratory - Field) Report Period AfrE 1 1976 - September W 1976 Report TJpe Irl tertIa Project Leaders Winfred H McLane L Ii Herbaugh J A Einney
The lack of effective treatment methods fer recreational vehicles and mobile homes is a major dficipncy Ll the APHIS Gypsy Hath regulatory program Slt1xpcIimentcl laboratory and field tests are conducted to develop improved techniques for cP2ling iii tt thi s and other r811atory problems
On December 191175 a residue test I2S s tartlaquo Nt) 7 irs(~ctiGiles Tvo hundr-ed tar paper squares (6 x 6) each were treated with insectjcide using amp c 5 It aita1 soLut i on SevfTI insecticideswere tested with 1 set of tar paper used fUJ a check The papers were treated to the point of runshyoff Half of t he paper-s were aged oucdoor-s tacked under (4 x 8) sheets of masonite haI f were hs Ld inside the laboratory Norie were exposed to sunlight
Ten newly h~tchd sectYl)sy noth larvae were exposed to tar paper sheets at 10 day Lnte rval a iC)r the f i r s t lCO days of aging fo Llowing treatment This was achieve by pLacing +he paper in a cyl inrrricaL cardboard container wi th artificial di et lt J10rta1 ity readings were( made after 24 hours and L8 hours
Mortality Hr- JJarvae Exposed After Naterial Aged
Material ~___ to IvIaterial U)() Days 200 Das 260 Lays
DDT 50 vp Insil1Ff lGO 100 32 inside ~CJO 100 100
0Outside 100 jlt 20 UlI1sideuro- 100 100 100
Resmethrin Inside 24 28 (EC) Inside )-8 oP R4 I ~)
IJutfLfle 24 28 48 7)-
SBP-l Sl) 2L R(8C) Ll~middot
OJ 9C -I iOe
96
10 1f)C
bullbull II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
bullbull
I10rtality Hr La~Jae Exposed After Ha terial
laterial Aged to r1aterial 100 Days 200 Days 26C Daye
Phoxin Inside 24 100 98 100 (EC) IIlside 48 100 100 100
Outs i de 24 100 100 100 Outside La 100 100 100
Pyrenone Inside 2L+ 34 46 2 (EC) insLde 48 60 72 46
cdOutside --I~ 38 16 a Outside I+8 61~ +2 28
I1onitor Inside ~I lUO )eLf 78 (L
G~)(EC) 118 1)0 100 Outsids 2Li 66 46
ooOutside LiS i(JO z jLi
) I Check Inside - -t 5~middot 26 0 - j
Insid~ hB ~L gt+ 6 l)uttir~c 4 20 2 Cllt3ide- ~t~~ t ~ 1+0 6
Based on Laboratrrv rfsul tc lJresented in the IJst report a field test was started August 3 196 with Iop Job pine scent wax [ax remover Dimilin and fire ex t ingui shcr agent Ten egg masses are be ing treated each month from August 3 197C unt i I April 1 1977 Five masses are being covered wi th black building paper and S are being left exposed lhree dosages of each material are being usel along wi th a check
During April 1977 211 eggs will be col Lec ted and incubated in the labora-middot tory for hatch If hatch can hi pr2vented it may be possible to uae one or more of thlaquo materials as a treatment on tr_L18rs and RVs
To date 3 t reatments haveJeer made
On June 23 19761+ uate r i al s (Sevin (583 S8 [n-i~-il Orthene and Lrridan ) most generally used f Jr gypsy mot h control h~ sprayed -+0 the poi rrt of runshyoff on 110 acre plots us ing a back-pack mist~jL)1er Dosago s usee were same as rec()mmeIldw~ in ths APHIS recillatorJ rnanual
Every 3 day fo11ovrC9 tl(~atment rliage was c oll eo te d and Lioassaysd against 3ro instar Larvae 1fCt~middot~ 72 hour lrtality reading being mado After 9middot days treated foliag wal stiLl givirfL~_2[pound211eln mortalitx
q ~[ortality After Material L Days Ul Days lC s3[S _
Sevin 8)3
Sev-inmiddotmiddotL-Gil OrtbeEe Imidan Check 17
--
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II
bullbullbullbull
II
Project Number GM 616 Project Title Field Testing of Javenile Hormone Analogs for Ovicidal
Activity Report Period Anril 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Itterim Project Leaders Charles P Schwa2be A P Norris
The juvenile hormone analogs Al tozar lE and ZR-t19 SE have been reported as having ovicidal properties When gypsy moth 8fg nasses are deposited on recently treated surfaces hat chab iLi ty yf 8ggS is reduced ZR-619 also appears to inhibit female moths from layingjhriT full complement of eggs Compounds with these properties may be user1 fOT regulatory treatments
Boles of white and red oak trees -lere sprayed foe tho point of ruri-off with water emulsions of Altozar and ZR-619 at 8g1 Ireatsents were aged for 1 3 7 14 21 and 28 days before bioassay At tb~ end of each aging period S or more 3 day old mated female moths from f Le Ld collected pupae were imprisoned on each of S trees (total ()f 25 replicatestreatment) Ihere were 10 replicates (2 trees) for each control The female moths that deposited egg masses were recovered (generally after one day) placed in polyethylene bags and frOZet111D riI they could be dissected to determine the number of unl a i d eggs Egg masses wiI 1 be coJlscted from the treated and control surfaces during IlecembQr 1976 an~ tested for embryonation parasi tization and ha tchabiLt ty
Females from the 1 3 7 and 28 day exposure pe r i ous have been dissected and unlaid eggs counted The results are shovn by the accompanying tab Le Preliminarily it appears that with the excep ti on of the 1 day ZR-61) treatment there was no effect of treatment on the nurnbe r of eggs laid by female moths It is interesting to note that laboratoryreaTf3(J tno th s were useci for the 1 day ZR-6l9 trea tluent Dcotailed disCUSSJCiD 01 thesA data will be deferred until all ]~eSl--l ts OCl egg smbryona t i on parc~si_ t i zation and hatchability have been obtained
-26shy
-----------
middot-------_ bullbullbull _~ bullbull EGGS lJlI11AID EY FENALES EXPOSED TO TRUNKS pHEATED WITH ALTOZAR 4E lIJm ZRmiddot-619 SE
Q2Y2129ynd
Iiays Treatment
ampif_~i
Numbe-r of Used
_fre~ t Control
Females Recovered
Tle~t __CoDjl~_
Numbe-r Unlaid Eggs Total Average
1reaJ_Qonto L)~1Zs~J_-0ontro1
Al i008) ) E~
ZI -~ I~~ 19 ~I~~
I
J 36 c )
14 Ij(1
32 ~
1 f 1~Lr
13 123[3 7G34
380 1797
387 )36
271 138 ~)
A1 t ozar I
11-- S1 C] ~ --
3
3 L~O
50 16 T1-s 1shy
30 ~)8
If) 1 -Llt
1394 1519
619 - (1 I
J-~
L+65 5hJ
Lf 13 493
A1 t-IZ~lX )~r~
~~R-C ~L9 ~jE
i ~ r ~O
Igt ~ c
15 18
J- 39
11 1 I LL4
104)~ l1-rr
660 F3S5
J26 292
508 632
I ) -J
I
Al t 0 L~i C i~)
-~Ti lt(j1 r)
Altozar wE Z11-(19 SE
)Q
~
- ~)
- 1 j
LJ
25 27
3j
30
12 -
-ii
14 IS
2S ~) ~
25 2S
10 1U
11 J 2
805 sed
1059 1398
2L~6 r(0
JJSO 9
2 3)
Li24 5)9
25() 6
12~ 7 391
JfJrtttcry r~ared iEIalCs ant] m3Jl~ used aUJthers ere fr-om f iel d collected pupae
bullbull Project Number GM 622
bull Project Title Responses of ~Ble Gypsy Moths to Traps as AffecteC ~
the PeatE of Pheromone Release Report Period April I 1976 - Septe~ber 30 1976
bullbull
Report Type Errcer im Project Leaders Charles P Sch~Lb2 E C Paszek
Preliminary trapping experiments with disparlure indicated that attracti-veshyness is affected by the rJte at which the pheromone is released from the trap Large amount s of lure seemed 0 have an inhfb i torr or repellent effect ConfLrmatorv studies were planned in which multiples of Corrre Ic fibers would be used to bait standaTd delta traps in order to define the pheromone ls1ea8e rate at which maxinnna attradiveness 10 sul ted Such inshyformation would be 2xcPPdingly useful in pI(eparnf specifications for comshy
bull mercial production of progTam pheromone dispenpers Unfortunately certain difficulties vpre encYLmtered in developing a sound expemiddotrinental program and it was suggested that this work be carried out by scientists at the
bullPennsylvania Stat Uni ve r-si ty Freliminary date have been made available to us but we 8re unable to uti I izhen in this report
bullExperiments in tti- pr)j0ct aCil Cl conduc tcd in collaboration with the ARS Optically active enantiCnj2rs of cis-Jlrparhrre were generously made available by Dr NarU1n(j~ Nagoya Uruve r-s i vs Iagoya Japan The objective of the tests was to determine the attractiveness (or other biological
bull properties) of tIl optically active ~nantiomers of disparlure Similar experiments were conducted by scientists from Nlchigan State University and the New York and C~~1nectiut State Agricultural Experimerct Stations
bullbullThese tests weI c onduc tcd in a natural infestation in FaTl River State Porest ILl lraps gtJere baited wit[ cc t t on dentJ wicks to which had been applied the indicated amcunt s of ( ) and-) (-) disparlure Delta traps were used in all ttsts i)fj a 25 III grid pat tfJ~11 rh) numbe r- of malt motho captured gtl2S reeordec c regular LrrtsrvaLs
In one experim8~lt the attrac tivene ns of racemic d i apar-I ure was compared with that of (+) enarrti omar Ihe rssults of middotshi test are given in Table 1
Table I Number of moths captur-sd il trans middotcLti ted with varying amount s elf racemic and optically active Hsparlure
1 L
lCCJC
------------------__-----_ _--__------shy
II II These ltlata clearly reflect -gt0 superior attractancy of the (+) enarrt iore r
compared with that of racemic mate r i al Approximately 10 X more raoths were captured with 100 ug (+) disP8rlure than with an equal amount of racemic pheromone Unfor-tuna te Ly limited amounts of the enantiomers
II prohibited testing at dosages gTeater than 10C ug and therefore it is
II not known if greater dosages woull -Lead to repeLten t or inhibitory effects It should also be noted that the Jptically active material contained ca 66 of its an t i podo Hirhly puCified pbermiddot~Cwj~e would likely yield someshywhat different data Ih_u is the first rcpc--t of 3~ clear relationship beshytween dosage and r-e sponee wheIc n_creased ple romone concentration y-ields a corresponding increase in ruoth response
II In another test the inhLbi t ory properties ()f t1gt (-) s nant iomar- were quantified deti3rrninirlg tile at t ractivenes (~r var i cus ratios of (+) and (-) disparlure These lata a~e presented n Table I
bull Table II NWllber of riaLe mo trs captured in tIP -x1ited with various
t~r8rltiomer ra tios
bull ----- -~---_ I shy
ugtraJ ug -) per Average catch ( -I- ) -i- _----LQ_ llg ~~_ J2eL_tmiddotr~a=p _
9 jL o (I te 936 1 1 75 120
c99 _J j 3-68 63 I
bull J 00 ioo L+ 12 ~ ~I I ) 380 32
bull L159 59 ~ 08
As addi tiCmiddot] iJlCgt1EltS oi (-) middotnre tdded V_ ij CZS ccntaiuing 10 uij (+) a t tr-activene ss 22di~J jmiddotrc~8s-(~ dsmonc2at~E the Lnhib i tOIJ nature
Yn t he ( c-~ j bull_ 1 m n - v 11+ i (1 60L f th01 rllt~ - 11 ccuUCc JgO_Ll -l_~e au k bull t-_f- CO bullbull oa~ne I )0 0 v bull e
II bull ) - -- n -I- f- - ~ 1 s +--- +- bull - -- - f ( rl J l dOppOSle c_Dctl_bull )Eler hie e_ua ar tr-ac mvene so O~ + -LlSpar_Ure COU
Dot be ceteIlied ~~xt-aTJ)lation of the p]ttcCc data suggests that 9Cf~ (+) disp2rl1lle 1~Cl~_middot(J cap turv 15-~() t i mes a iafr ~ioths as TaGer-tic phero-shymane at tho 10 -cC -2vel
A rnore 6ta-iled -report i s cur-rentIy ceins- lYr-pT~P( JJ_C pub lication The manuacrLpt -middotimiddotL 1 c~ i ~11 uIsd ~ n tho nex t LacL8tcr_~ P~ IJort
Project Number GM 623 Project Title Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leader Charles P Schwalbe
There is no progress to report on this project A prototype apparatus is being assembled which will permit systematic evaluation of various collection substrates Recent papers report successful collection of airborn volatiles on Porapak Q and Molecular sieve If quantitative collection of disparlure from female moths is s11ccessful pheromone emission will be used as a standard for determining quality of insects mass reared under various conditions
I I I I I
-30shy
I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I
Project Number GM 626 Project Title Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leader Edward C Paszek
Tree Tanglefoot a natural product made from castor oil gum resins and vegetable wax was used as an adhesive for sJPSY moth traps for )6 years 1913-1969 It was replaced in 1970 with Tack Trap a synthetic plastic type adhesive (polyisobutylene) which was less costly and through field testing found to be more effective than Tree Tanglefoot in holding capshytured moths in a trap Tack Trap has gone up in price fr-om $0421b in 1970 to $130lb in 1976 A number of companies are marketing synthetic sticky compounds to protect trees from climbing insects and as bird reshypellants These compounds were compared with Tack Trap and Tree Tanglefoot to determine their effectiveness in holding ca~tured ~psy moths
8plusmn5 of the following six compounds were weighed and applied to approxishymately 286 cm2 of the interior surface area of Delta traps An aging study on 12 these open traps was conducted in the greenhouse at a tempshyerature range of 10degC to 32degC for 5) months (119-62376) A field bioassay was made on 71476 after 6 months of aging in a natural infestshyation followed by a laboratory bioassay 91676 after 8 months of aging
Table I Mean number of 6 Boths per trap after 1 hour field bioassay in heavy infestation 24 hour laboratory chamber bioassay with )00 released 6 moths
Field Laboratory
Tack Trap (new sample) 145 60 Bird Iang1efoot 120 90 Excelcide Bird Repellant 105 200 Tack Trap (old sample) t10 105 Stikem-Special Iree Tanglefoot
6S o r
14)1)
After 6 months of aging in open traps Tack Prap Bird Ianglefoot Excelshycide Bird Repellant and Stikem-Special held captur-ed native moths Tree Tanglefoot glazed over and was a poor adhesive When bioassayed Ln a laboratory chamber after 8 months oflging vri it released moths many moths entered and fLev out of the traps indcating that the adhe sive tend to dry out and stiffen after Long periods of aging
The remaining samples were stored folded flat on the shelf in a closed paper carton at room te~perature (approxi~ately 22C) B~th sets of traps were weighed after 6 weeks of aging (3176) to deterwiu8 weight loss of the adhesives due to voLat i Liza t i on of solvents
-ushy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
-32shy
bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II II II II
bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
-----
Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
- 34shy-
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
-35shy
II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
-shy
CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
I -v f)
I
10
bullbull C N
bull 0shy-It)---
C) ~
~ et
gtshy ~
-lt
l 1 o Li
u Clt bull z ~ l pH
V i) j
iJ2
~
1M
Ibull
0= I~U Z
I~~ 0 tx N U
Z ~
pound0 t
~ N ()
I~ I
+ J ~ J
a U Z
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-J
o a ~
Z
o o 0 o- 00 ~
031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
-49shy
I I
Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
I I
-50shy
I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
I I I I I I I
Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
I I I I
I II
I I
I I
Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
I
I
I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
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-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
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I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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-------------------shy 111
--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
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~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
I
-
-- - ~
2crial Company Dosage l8r-C ~ - --- --_ --shyInstar Weather Agirg - - - -- -- shy
l~FMC 30980 FMC 0062 lbgalA II r -
J~ shy~ O0312 IbgalA II -~ shy~
0015 IbgalA II 58 shy
0007 1bgalA II 16 5 0003 lbga1A II 7 5
Check a 5 0025 lb gaL A II 1 61 7 0012 lbgalA II 1 70 7 0062 1-1_u ga II 1 15 7
bull IIA
0003 ItgalA II 1 5 7 0001 1bgalA TT 1 ij I~1
7
bull
Check II 1 7
middotT 35171 FMC 02 ItgalA II 100 3 01 lbgalA II 100
bull J
005 lbgalA II 100 3
bull 0025 1bgalA II 99 3
0012 1tgalA II 99 3 0006 IbgalA II 99 4 II Tshy
10003 IbgalA 100 L~ 0001 1bgalA II 100
bull 4shy 00007 lbgalA II 97 4
Check 1 4 002 lbga1A II 1 100 5
001 Lb~ Igal- li II 1 100 5I
bull I 0006 IbgalA II 1 100 5
0003 lbg-alA II 1 96 5 0001 lbgalA 1 1 1 90 5
r-
bull TTCheck LL 0
bull - -
~3497 FMC 02 ngalA II 98 4 01 lbgalA II 95 4 005 lbgalA II 87 4 002 IbgalA II 75 L 001 lbgalA II 51 4
bull Check II a 4
002 ngalA II 1 17 6 001 1bga1A II 1 15 6
bull
0006 lbgalA II 1 10 6 0003 ItgalA II 1 7 6 I
n j VUJ
r~ IbgalA II 1 6
bull ~
Check J 6
-_ G li]1C 021 IbgalA II 100 P ~- A 3
010 oIE L II 100 1rl
0052 IbgalA n 100 1
I 0026 IbgalA II 100 1
it 0013 IbgalA II 81 3 0006 1 A 1 I gal II 92 4
TT 4 0003 IbgalA 67L~
11 00016 111 A J fla1 II 29 4 T- 4Check 0J
-9shy
Day
bullbull After
Material Company Do sago Instar Weather Aging Nor tal Lty Treatment
FMC 45498 FMC OO2( middotbgalA II 1 40 5 CJ in 3 ~_ b sal A II 1 L) 5
bull T 000 1r)g-al~A JL 1 25 5
oC() lbira1A II 1 10 5 cooi Hq]lAJ 01lt- II 1 I) 5~
bull
( -le~K II i S
pp 383 leI l~O iJ~Cil A II leo 2
bull I bull A 0) LUI gcU II 100 2
~ ~ S IbgaiA l L 100 3 (1 - TT 3J ~ l-LlasalA 100
bull
A1n gal) II 1
1 1 ] II
I 006 - 90 1 I C03 lgtjga ii 93 6
TT r1 J 001 lbgc11 69 v
OG07 tSr l 1I 49 61ha II
bull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Il 11 9 C~(J) ~J f I-~ ( I J l II 33 6_Ishy
I I P r
~)~DO_ 1-) -al~J I 1 J1 16 5 II TTGlICOO9 b ~S8Jt -t 7 5
j L I p 1 J A (~ w ()C)oLi L U Kctl n IT 1 5 i~t ~(ck 11 0 5
RE-218 RahID - )Haas O lt)c Lgal- II 1 86 J
q (j it(1 I h i t~ 1 A -
-- ~ Clti)L i J II 1 96 3 ll II 1 96 3
~T
o j-1A 1 bullbull 1 64 3
11 1 28 3 -J1C k 0 3
2umithion S tauflaquo n (feY -- lbgalA II 100 Lt
OilS 1b gEtl 1 II (+15 Atlox) 100 Lt p u ) 1b r 1 II (+15 Sorpol) 100 gaL 11- 3
r ] 1-- 13 A ) 5 --I II 1 48 3 11 ~ 05 ugal L Jr 1 ( +15 Atlox) 26 3
o c 1b 13 I A- rr 1 (+15 Sorpo1) 17 1T I raquo ~ 1) 1- 3
o ~ S~ b6d L d II 1 (+ Y6 Rhop1ex Sticker) 100 4
n v- l-bgatA II 2 (+Jib Rhoplex Sticker) CG L
J bull ~
r~ r- bull J 1) gelmiddot i1li L1 3 (+10 Rhonlex Sti~ker) 100 5
o J- ~CJ LA II 1 (+15 Atlox + Y6 Rhoplex
Sticker) reoj)
c o itgalA II 2 (+15 Atlox + 16 Rhoplex
Stickel) 64 4 J tf
lu-r II (+15 Atlox +J r
1A Rhop1ex
Sticker) 81 5
-10shy
bullbullbullbull
~~-P~
81 -~ shyMaterial Company Dosage Instal Weather Aging Mortal qy Irsa =e-
Sumithion Stauf-D ~ npounda 1 Itfer tgt -- II 1 (+15 Sarpal +
7J1 JO Rhaplex
Sticker) 99 L r A (+15 Sorpa1 +0 bull ~
i~lt) l~-oGc I ~- 1) II 2
Jo Rhon1ex Sti~ker) 99 4
~ ~T r) II
~) uI gall it 4l1 3 (1-15 Sorpol + Jo Rhoplex
Sticker) 80 5 fl bull 1 la- 1 A (JS C) t4L f 11 100 41-
I O~ ItgalA II (+15 Atlox) 100 3 - 1 TT itgt C JbgaJ ti -L (+190 Sorpal) 99 3
b egtl~- it L 1 32 3 t-1 TT - 5
ga A J 1 (+15 Atlax) 11 3 r-l
-
I~~ ~ 1-0 ~cl A II III lJ Sarpal)C-_) + ~ 13 30
I A l~l Ill J cV~ II 1 (+ 31~ Rhaplex Sticker) 95 4
TTI hcl~ i CC-- o lL 2 74 6 ( J_ =- gSL Ji 1 3 85 5 t~
~~_ i coEt Ii 1 (+ JIo Atlax + JIo Rhap1ex
Sticker) 97 ) -tshy ~ --T-t - bull l_ 2 (+ Jo Atlcx +
j( Rhoplex Sticker) 71 6
I ~ k_ 5 ( T]~ AtLox +
] lhoplex Sticker) 30
l r~ shy r ~) c~ I J~- 1 1 (+1 Sorpal + JIo Rhoplex
Sticker) 94 4 iI 1 r- g -o l A (+15 Sarpol +-~~ S _ u __ TT
bull_ )LL
JIo llhoplex sticker) 76 6
It r-11
~middot -iA U bLJ II 3 (+15 Sarpal + 3 Rhaplex
Sticker) 66 5 Checks 0 6
VEL 3883 r e1 si~ -r-vshycol _L 1 bC[i~L IA J i 99 6
H J ~~J euromiddotmiddott J A 99 6
fil If o g8 A 100 6
v 1~ - L gLllA ~l 89 o TT L
~ ( J6 (cilA 85 6
L ~E- 1 IA II 77 6 H -j 1-- ~-- ~ -= ~~ 156 _~ _ tdL H II 65 6 I ~ ~ C073 ~L (pound7)1 1~ 1L 26 6 If j ~ r)() )0 1 t A Li 10 6_1
CL~z L 0 6
-11shy
J)----Cl c
~+~---IJ_ ~__
Via terial Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Nortality TrGlt-e
VEL 3883 Velsi shy-1 col 10 lbga1A II -- )
05 1bga1A II 1 ~
II t--~025 1bgalA II 1 2 -012 1bga1A II 1 2 5
006 1bga1A II 1 0 c -Check II 0 )
irk continued with the new SevinID-4-oil formulation The viscos i ty o f ( formulations was tested
bullbullbullbullbull -12shy
The Tri toamp X-190 and Sevint-lt-cil formulation was field tested at
LO Ibs a i qt fA bull 0 uraquo Ell bull I qt I
025 lbs ai qt A
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbull-13shy
This formulation vlaS compar-ed tc SeviIi0-4-oil and kerosene at
10 Ibs ai40ozA0 Ibs aiatA
We are happy to rfport that Orthene-E 75S and Djm51iamp 25 Wp ve rc registered by the Uni ted States Environmental Protection Acncy for gJpsy moth use
Orthene 7SS
By a i r - 23 to 1 1L a i 2 qt H20A
hBy air - 003 to )06 lb a~ I i or 2 galA
The Ot_s laborltory and field rews played a grect part in the success of both mat8ria~81lt
__ltl- IjJSixteen gall ons ly)rthern red oak Jcmiddot-r118 were colI f~ted and stored in
cold storage
A totaI It --~ ~fL)13(ti(~i_l 88-~p~~~~s IT~jl1~ ~eCf~velt ~-()l ~~_8J)Clrato~rr and field tejts
Much of t ru s YCPO]tD peTioieJ STJmiddot~middott work i nr jYJ che field on experimental insecticide plats
A sui +able land-fill for the disposed cd emp ty onc~e( t ic ide containers was Loca t ed in Plainvi Ll Le ]Viaco lhis is about 6C i Les from Otis and is reshycommended by the Boston off i ce of Uni tec f372tes Environmental Protection Agency
Host Laboratory equipment-Ims packed ready for moving into the new building
I~etings
JIr HcLane gave talk 01 th Eftgt eetment made in 1(316 and demonstrated
ec davs in Hyat t svilLe H]) work i ng on apshy
bull
bull
bull
bullbull
bull
bull
bull bull
bull
bull
bullbullbull
Project Number GN 612 Project Title 1976 Field Studhs of Differen~ E()rmulations of
IrlnuLin and Sevin-)-1--0il Report Period April 1 1976 September 30 1976 Report lype P t T TO lecmiddot LJeaGers
Interim Larrry L Herbaugh w H l1cLane C H Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Each year f or the past 3 generation3 the gypsy moth Lymantri8 dispar (L) bas defci Latori thouaands of ac re s of forested Land in t he northeast Because of tht s investigations bTe corrt inual l y be i ng carried out to evaluate new materies and new fITfillations of current registpred ~ateria18
IVlaterlaJs and Methods In 1970 the following rnat0rial~ and fo rmula tions were tested for gypsy moth con t r o l DimiLin op Dilli1in 3middot~ Gil keroser18 Dimilj~rl j middot3 oil + TlitolJ X-190 + water Se~Tin-J-(Jil + kerosene arid Se-rJin-Lt-oil t- TLampt ton xmiddot~ l~)() + JcLtE-r Each ell the maLer-La~_S va s aerially applied to 50 acre plots Hi 3 replicates for ov aLua t i on Table I gives the details on chemical concentration and application rate
IabLs I Details of 19c6 formula t i (lUS field tested
-------------__------------Cllemical Concent ra t ion
and I1a tcrial APl21 Leat_ign Ra te- __ __ _Eerm~middotdlts ___ _
9DVcd a t less than 7) iage expansion
L~_l I in and wateY--ltL
GO scicker added
DimiLin 3 j oil ( 1 1b c 1 AU bull jJ - ct1 oct fl Keroaerie+ KerOS(~rle
I)rrlilirl 3 3 ~)il
-+- Tr5_tor )-19D1- r 3 lb ai gaJI~
water
Se-r]] fl-4-0il + ) SJ Cl IA ~6 middotJZ K81~GSe~ne
Kero serle 10 lb J_~ o~A 8 07 ~Kt-~-cosene
bull ~)~ vin -J i-Cil i -~
bull Se ~i ~L( Lt- 0 i 1
bull11 r X-190
wa teT
bull
bull
Plot Establishrnent TLe test plots were established Ln an area adjacent to the 1975 study area in Clinton COill1ty Peru1sylvania This area met the following requirements (l) a building population in whi ch there had been no Bore than 1 years noticeable defoliation prior to the test year (2) a readily measureabJe population of egg masses and (3) a predominance of preferred host trees (oaks)
Each So acre square plot was laid out by establishing an accessible base corner and plotting boundary lines along compass headings Harkers were placed at 811 four corners for aircraft guidance Within each 50 acre plot 5 s~bplots (01 acre) or sampling units were randomly established These subplots were representative of the entire plot and served as samplshying points throughout the experiment Sampling points were similarly e s tab l i shec in untreated check areas to measure natural ccndi tions
Application The application schedule was de s i gned so that material was to be applied when the majority of the larvae were in the late second inshystar stage and the oak foliage was 50-75 expanded One exception to this was the early treatment of Ililllilin that was applied at early 1st instar when oak foliage was less than ~~ expanded
NatErials were mixed and transferred into the aircraft with conventional equipment (mixing tank pumps hoses measuring devices and necessary safety equipment) All niXing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between each treatment to avoid adulteration Radio communications were maintained be tween the ground conditions of wind velocity and materials dispersement
All plots W8T8 treated wi th a Ces~ma Ag Truck al rcraff e quippe d wi th a hydraulic 3rven 2wpellr pump arid 2 converrt i onai STJT3y system (see Table II) The airplane disperse- the craterial lliS fxd- 3wa-ths at ])1 mph as near to tree top level as po ss Lb l e wi th 5 fTcurcl -ird velocity of less than 5 mph
-15shy
bull 1
bullbull bullbullbullbullbull
------- ------gt-_-------------- shy
I1aterial Noz zl e s Orifice
Di miLi n 2 middotIP 006 It d t falA (eal12l) D8-L5 Q
006 10 2j lsd11A DP-middothS Dd-L[r C006 Ib aigallA
J)imillc J 3 (~1 +
Kerosene 003 it Dlqt 80C2FF
Dimilin 1 ~ 0j J
Tli ton X-I + water
8002FF
05 lb aiqt C~~ 2f ~1
iraquo 1b 3iL_ ozA
o 5 ib middot--1 L
10 Lb 8iL-O D002FF
-Evalll~_tior~ ~~~~)~-h ~--Tn~ZIJ8n t J(~~~ emiddot~Ll1at(-a r~(l1Tl the s tandpo trrt of fo lLage protec t i or -ti16 TC [)J-L t -1 crj T~dJ lt middott~ t
tClt)[[l li~LlfiJ 0stJIuates of t~e deg-ree of I rLo t s a t the termination of larval
) f-L CL[ ~ ~ C~-j Lnl rL~~
CC)Lj]gtajng f~_vJ -- ru t C 3 ~ T j 11~
arI~ pl o C5 b~i prl i ~cd p- I Spmiddotrciy JJ -~~LLtl the ex ~ept~---~~ TLrrli~lL ) ~1 all
7shy k( I~C Smiddot- rlE~ _gti~ ~~ - t -) X-19 1 ) -I 12-(middotmiddot-shy ~L~~- ~)l~j_l-in WF
gtrhi c h ~[c -~1 (~ n( -t~ ~I()X ina te ~Y r~ Ii ~~V 1 tf-~r trea tmsnt
(middot~middotf-_lmiddotmiddotl
)JJ
bullbull
ConoIus ion i PT~~i i nunarv data S11~)W tha t all formuLa r ions o r rljiti~l 8JG
Sevin-L-oLl + kcrosble rave (~xce~_ ent results in larval reductJon FrLlbullegg mass vcount L ~ hi macJe +0 Cetenline i this conoi tion continues to hold true
bull One nitial -()nI~ 1~~-)_~2- th_L~ 3~hOv1=~ oxceLlent po ten LLaI is the fact tIlat DimiLi rs - c P JbfcYi appl ie_l at H20 f viJ E le S8 than S oak f()l~_~tge ~-~(lDsicr~ gave g~o)d f- LJ~~(- p-otmiddotciinl and r-uced l arval actishy
bull v ty rl1~aj1~-~1tly ltbullbull T=~ LY 10 )C
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- II II II -shyAfl~U1GE COUNT
10 +shy 0 cc o o o o
~ ~- coe DinuLln 25 wP (early) 06 IbgallA
~~ Dimilin 25 vIP (normal) 06 Ib2 qtA
fojf-
~ I-j CD
~~-~~X~~~~-~~~-~~~~bull
Sevin-4-oil - Kerosene 1 Ib40 ozA
Dirnilln 33 oil - TXl90shy ~CJter 03 IbqtA
Dimilin 33 oil - Kerosene 03 IbqtA
l1 1 CD I
(fJ
0 f-j
~
~ ~ ~
10 1--3 CD r p g c+ CD
f-J p1
~ ~
~~
~~
~~~
lmiddotmiddot 1 IXlt)0 ir t ~ hI + rJeJln-+-OT - - Wo el bullJ UfIi
D middot J tro 06 Ib ~ Ianui rn ~ vvr- gaL li
Sevin I J K~Yr c-nIle lt Ibq+ r0t l-+-j _~L - u gtJ bull 1 - _J bull vi l
~d
o to c+ bullto
d - ~
I
m c+ I-jf-J
~ o o
~ (fJ
~~ Sevin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water 1 Ib) OZA
~~~ Sevirl--4-oil - Txl90 - Water 25 IbqtA
I -- (X)
I
~)t)~ E Untreated Ch8Cks
-bullbull Ptlo~SNI tuLIIGF f3fiE-1IlN
tV Jgt 0shy co o o o o o o
061bgalA D-lmilin 25 WP (early)
I - I Iebull uO J-o I~ erG i1 JimHin 25 wP (normal) I-rj
j-J
o~ f-J (1)
Sevin-4-oil - Kero sene I--~ Ib40 ozA I-rj ll 0 UJ I-
~h 0 lbmiddot(jmiddott gt - 11 DirJlin 33 oil - TXl90 - Water I-- p1 CD UJ CD UJ
rI-~ Diu-Uin 33 oiI - Ke ro ~ene 00Obull 3 1(1 qt 1-
sect co
f-- c+ OJ-J ampl 0
~evin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water bull l51bqtA
lJ f-J CD
DiJ1lilin 25 l-lP I06 IbgalA to
1j f-J Pl
lti
51bqtA _ Sevin-L~-oil - Kero sene pD H o I-- j-J
-o
p c+~ Ib40 OZA _ Sevin-L-oil - TXl90 - Water f-J
~
25 IbqtA Selin-4-oil - TX1-90 - ltIater
Untreated Checks I
f- -0
I
I I II II III I
II II II II
-
Project Number GM 613 Project Title Field Testing of Ground Applied Insecticides Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Larry L Herbaugh W H McLane C R Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Experimental use permits were received from EPA in early June 1976 for testing Orthene 75S Imidanreg 50 Wp Sevi~) 80S In addishytion to the above Sevin-4-oil with water and NTN 9306 were tested
One-acre plots were established in the Bald Eagle State Forest lands in Centre and Clinton Counties Pennsylvania These plots contained a measureshyable population of gypsy moth eggs and were located in heavily wooded areas representative of campground situations
These plots were established so that they were ca 200 feet square with a small dirt road dividing them Within each one-acre plot two subplots or sampling units were established Each of these illlits comprised 140 of an acre and was placed on each side of the road These 140 acre sampling units were used for all evaluations throughout the program
Application Only a small quantity of materials were needed for application Because of this materials were mixed on site using conventior~l mixing equipment and a nurse tank for a water supply All mixing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between treatments to avoid any adultershya tion
The materials were applied with a John Bean Mist Blower mounted on a 1-12 ton 4-wheel drive truck at the following rates
25 Ib a ir gal H20A
50 lb ai5 gal H20A Orthene 75S 10 It ai5 gal H20A Imidan So Wp 15 Ib ailS gal H20A and Sevin 80S 20 Ib ailS gal H2OA
3S Ib ai5 gal H2OA
Each of these dosages was replicated 3 times for each material
125 Ib ailS gal H20ANTN 9J06 50 Ib ai5 gal H20A
Sevin-4-oil and 20 Ib ailS gal H20A T X-190 + water 35 Ib ailS gal H20A
Evaluation Each treatment was evaluated from the standpoint of percent foliage protection larvae reduction using a 15 foot string count and egg massesacre reduction Tht latter data is not yet available at this vrriting
Foliage protection and larvae reduction are shown in the following table
-20shy
II - II - II II II II II II II - - II II -- shy -Foliage Average Larval String Counts
Material Dosage Protection Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment l 25 Ib ai5 gallA L~9 5 20 46 50 Ib ai5 gallA 667 25 22
10 lb ai5 gallA 854 30 20Imidan 50 wp 15 lb ai5 gallA 580 18 33
20 Ib ai5 gallA 565 2S 16 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 420 33 14
Check - 3middotS 19 8
1O25 Ib ai5 gallA -LL bull 5 26 5 So Ib ailS gallA 620 22 2
10 Ib ailS gallA 43middotS 23 2Sevin 80S 15 Ib ailS gallA 55S 22 1
20 Ib ailS gallA 827 26 1 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 894 2S S
Check - So 42 40
2S Ib ai5 gallA 800 29 6
50 lb ailS gallA 911-1 25 3 10 Ib ailS gallA SlLtO 26 2
NI Orthene 7SS ~J
15 Ib ailS gallA 9)-1-0 29 0 I 20 Ib ailS gallA 940 22 0
35 Ib ai5 gallA 940 19 0 Check - 7S 48 Sl
Sevin-4-oil + 20 1b ailS gallA 770 39 6 T X-190 + H2O 35 Ib ai5 gallA 870 3S 9
12S Ib ailS gallA 750 15 1NTH 9306 5 Ib ailS gallA 730 IS 2
oCheck - 20 10j
l Post-treatment readings based on 5th day after treatment
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Conclusion Initial results show that Imidan~ 50 Wp gave ca 5~o folia~~ protection and ca 16 larval reduction at the 3 higher dosages
SevillE 80S gave ca 76 foliage protection and ca 99 reduction in larval activity at the 3 higher dosages
Orthenereg 758 gave ca 94 foliage protection and ca 100 larval control at the 3 higher dosages
In comparison the two new formulations of Sevin-4-oil and T X-190 and H20 and NTN 9306 gave ca 8~o and 74 foliage protection respectively and ca 78 and 87 reduction in larval activity respectively
Data in the following table indicate that Orthene0) 758 and Sevi~ 80S will give the greatest degree of foliage protection as well as reducing larval activity on a 15 foot string count
-22shy
bullbull I)
I)
I)
I)
bullbullbullbullbull II II I)
II I)
II I)
Project Number GM 614 Proj8ct Title Evaluation of Pesticides for Browntail Moth Report Period April 1 1976 - September 31 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
The primary objective of this p~oject is to screen candidate materials against the browntail moth
Orthene reg was the only material tested against brown tail larvae
Dosage Instar 110rtali ty Days
After Treatment
1 IbaigalA II 92 2 05 IbaigalA II 100 2 025 IbaigalA II 96 2 012 IbaigalA II 90 2 006lbaigalA II 98 2 Check II loS 2
Mr McLane Mr Stockbridge Mr Stelle Mr Mosley and Mr Cartier met with Cape Cod National Seashore personnel to discuss future broNQtail work on the Cape A 5 year program was proposed as a result of the meeting and phone conversations vi th the Department of Interior and APHIS personnel
1976 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil ground plots with Sevin 80S
1977 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil Pyrethrin and Dimilin
1978 Select the most promising from the ones experimentally tested in 1976 and 1977 treat the entire infestation on Cape Cod using aircraft backpacks and mistblowers
1979 Clean up any infestation left
1980 Clean up any infestation left
However after a meeting wi th the Seashore Advisory Committee park super-shyintendent Hadley made a decision that no spraying should be done Q~til
the committee was informed of our plans and their approval was obtained To date this meeting has not come about
Meetings
Area I Managerial Meeting Hartford Corill Mr McLane gave a talk on the proposed 5 year broivntai1 moth program for Cape Cod Mass
Mr McLane met with Mr J KilIan Chief Environmentalist for the Cape Cod National Seashore to discuss the brovrrtaiL problem at the Seashore
-23shy
bullbullbullbull II II
bull II II II II
bullbullbullbullbull
Project Number (~riI 6l5 Project Title Regulatory Treatments (Laboratory - Field) Report Period AfrE 1 1976 - September W 1976 Report TJpe Irl tertIa Project Leaders Winfred H McLane L Ii Herbaugh J A Einney
The lack of effective treatment methods fer recreational vehicles and mobile homes is a major dficipncy Ll the APHIS Gypsy Hath regulatory program Slt1xpcIimentcl laboratory and field tests are conducted to develop improved techniques for cP2ling iii tt thi s and other r811atory problems
On December 191175 a residue test I2S s tartlaquo Nt) 7 irs(~ctiGiles Tvo hundr-ed tar paper squares (6 x 6) each were treated with insectjcide using amp c 5 It aita1 soLut i on SevfTI insecticideswere tested with 1 set of tar paper used fUJ a check The papers were treated to the point of runshyoff Half of t he paper-s were aged oucdoor-s tacked under (4 x 8) sheets of masonite haI f were hs Ld inside the laboratory Norie were exposed to sunlight
Ten newly h~tchd sectYl)sy noth larvae were exposed to tar paper sheets at 10 day Lnte rval a iC)r the f i r s t lCO days of aging fo Llowing treatment This was achieve by pLacing +he paper in a cyl inrrricaL cardboard container wi th artificial di et lt J10rta1 ity readings were( made after 24 hours and L8 hours
Mortality Hr- JJarvae Exposed After Naterial Aged
Material ~___ to IvIaterial U)() Days 200 Das 260 Lays
DDT 50 vp Insil1Ff lGO 100 32 inside ~CJO 100 100
0Outside 100 jlt 20 UlI1sideuro- 100 100 100
Resmethrin Inside 24 28 (EC) Inside )-8 oP R4 I ~)
IJutfLfle 24 28 48 7)-
SBP-l Sl) 2L R(8C) Ll~middot
OJ 9C -I iOe
96
10 1f)C
bullbull II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
bullbull
I10rtality Hr La~Jae Exposed After Ha terial
laterial Aged to r1aterial 100 Days 200 Days 26C Daye
Phoxin Inside 24 100 98 100 (EC) IIlside 48 100 100 100
Outs i de 24 100 100 100 Outside La 100 100 100
Pyrenone Inside 2L+ 34 46 2 (EC) insLde 48 60 72 46
cdOutside --I~ 38 16 a Outside I+8 61~ +2 28
I1onitor Inside ~I lUO )eLf 78 (L
G~)(EC) 118 1)0 100 Outsids 2Li 66 46
ooOutside LiS i(JO z jLi
) I Check Inside - -t 5~middot 26 0 - j
Insid~ hB ~L gt+ 6 l)uttir~c 4 20 2 Cllt3ide- ~t~~ t ~ 1+0 6
Based on Laboratrrv rfsul tc lJresented in the IJst report a field test was started August 3 196 with Iop Job pine scent wax [ax remover Dimilin and fire ex t ingui shcr agent Ten egg masses are be ing treated each month from August 3 197C unt i I April 1 1977 Five masses are being covered wi th black building paper and S are being left exposed lhree dosages of each material are being usel along wi th a check
During April 1977 211 eggs will be col Lec ted and incubated in the labora-middot tory for hatch If hatch can hi pr2vented it may be possible to uae one or more of thlaquo materials as a treatment on tr_L18rs and RVs
To date 3 t reatments haveJeer made
On June 23 19761+ uate r i al s (Sevin (583 S8 [n-i~-il Orthene and Lrridan ) most generally used f Jr gypsy mot h control h~ sprayed -+0 the poi rrt of runshyoff on 110 acre plots us ing a back-pack mist~jL)1er Dosago s usee were same as rec()mmeIldw~ in ths APHIS recillatorJ rnanual
Every 3 day fo11ovrC9 tl(~atment rliage was c oll eo te d and Lioassaysd against 3ro instar Larvae 1fCt~middot~ 72 hour lrtality reading being mado After 9middot days treated foliag wal stiLl givirfL~_2[pound211eln mortalitx
q ~[ortality After Material L Days Ul Days lC s3[S _
Sevin 8)3
Sev-inmiddotmiddotL-Gil OrtbeEe Imidan Check 17
--
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II
bullbullbullbull
II
Project Number GM 616 Project Title Field Testing of Javenile Hormone Analogs for Ovicidal
Activity Report Period Anril 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Itterim Project Leaders Charles P Schwa2be A P Norris
The juvenile hormone analogs Al tozar lE and ZR-t19 SE have been reported as having ovicidal properties When gypsy moth 8fg nasses are deposited on recently treated surfaces hat chab iLi ty yf 8ggS is reduced ZR-619 also appears to inhibit female moths from layingjhriT full complement of eggs Compounds with these properties may be user1 fOT regulatory treatments
Boles of white and red oak trees -lere sprayed foe tho point of ruri-off with water emulsions of Altozar and ZR-619 at 8g1 Ireatsents were aged for 1 3 7 14 21 and 28 days before bioassay At tb~ end of each aging period S or more 3 day old mated female moths from f Le Ld collected pupae were imprisoned on each of S trees (total ()f 25 replicatestreatment) Ihere were 10 replicates (2 trees) for each control The female moths that deposited egg masses were recovered (generally after one day) placed in polyethylene bags and frOZet111D riI they could be dissected to determine the number of unl a i d eggs Egg masses wiI 1 be coJlscted from the treated and control surfaces during IlecembQr 1976 an~ tested for embryonation parasi tization and ha tchabiLt ty
Females from the 1 3 7 and 28 day exposure pe r i ous have been dissected and unlaid eggs counted The results are shovn by the accompanying tab Le Preliminarily it appears that with the excep ti on of the 1 day ZR-61) treatment there was no effect of treatment on the nurnbe r of eggs laid by female moths It is interesting to note that laboratoryreaTf3(J tno th s were useci for the 1 day ZR-6l9 trea tluent Dcotailed disCUSSJCiD 01 thesA data will be deferred until all ]~eSl--l ts OCl egg smbryona t i on parc~si_ t i zation and hatchability have been obtained
-26shy
-----------
middot-------_ bullbullbull _~ bullbull EGGS lJlI11AID EY FENALES EXPOSED TO TRUNKS pHEATED WITH ALTOZAR 4E lIJm ZRmiddot-619 SE
Q2Y2129ynd
Iiays Treatment
ampif_~i
Numbe-r of Used
_fre~ t Control
Females Recovered
Tle~t __CoDjl~_
Numbe-r Unlaid Eggs Total Average
1reaJ_Qonto L)~1Zs~J_-0ontro1
Al i008) ) E~
ZI -~ I~~ 19 ~I~~
I
J 36 c )
14 Ij(1
32 ~
1 f 1~Lr
13 123[3 7G34
380 1797
387 )36
271 138 ~)
A1 t ozar I
11-- S1 C] ~ --
3
3 L~O
50 16 T1-s 1shy
30 ~)8
If) 1 -Llt
1394 1519
619 - (1 I
J-~
L+65 5hJ
Lf 13 493
A1 t-IZ~lX )~r~
~~R-C ~L9 ~jE
i ~ r ~O
Igt ~ c
15 18
J- 39
11 1 I LL4
104)~ l1-rr
660 F3S5
J26 292
508 632
I ) -J
I
Al t 0 L~i C i~)
-~Ti lt(j1 r)
Altozar wE Z11-(19 SE
)Q
~
- ~)
- 1 j
LJ
25 27
3j
30
12 -
-ii
14 IS
2S ~) ~
25 2S
10 1U
11 J 2
805 sed
1059 1398
2L~6 r(0
JJSO 9
2 3)
Li24 5)9
25() 6
12~ 7 391
JfJrtttcry r~ared iEIalCs ant] m3Jl~ used aUJthers ere fr-om f iel d collected pupae
bullbull Project Number GM 622
bull Project Title Responses of ~Ble Gypsy Moths to Traps as AffecteC ~
the PeatE of Pheromone Release Report Period April I 1976 - Septe~ber 30 1976
bullbull
Report Type Errcer im Project Leaders Charles P Sch~Lb2 E C Paszek
Preliminary trapping experiments with disparlure indicated that attracti-veshyness is affected by the rJte at which the pheromone is released from the trap Large amount s of lure seemed 0 have an inhfb i torr or repellent effect ConfLrmatorv studies were planned in which multiples of Corrre Ic fibers would be used to bait standaTd delta traps in order to define the pheromone ls1ea8e rate at which maxinnna attradiveness 10 sul ted Such inshyformation would be 2xcPPdingly useful in pI(eparnf specifications for comshy
bull mercial production of progTam pheromone dispenpers Unfortunately certain difficulties vpre encYLmtered in developing a sound expemiddotrinental program and it was suggested that this work be carried out by scientists at the
bullPennsylvania Stat Uni ve r-si ty Freliminary date have been made available to us but we 8re unable to uti I izhen in this report
bullExperiments in tti- pr)j0ct aCil Cl conduc tcd in collaboration with the ARS Optically active enantiCnj2rs of cis-Jlrparhrre were generously made available by Dr NarU1n(j~ Nagoya Uruve r-s i vs Iagoya Japan The objective of the tests was to determine the attractiveness (or other biological
bull properties) of tIl optically active ~nantiomers of disparlure Similar experiments were conducted by scientists from Nlchigan State University and the New York and C~~1nectiut State Agricultural Experimerct Stations
bullbullThese tests weI c onduc tcd in a natural infestation in FaTl River State Porest ILl lraps gtJere baited wit[ cc t t on dentJ wicks to which had been applied the indicated amcunt s of ( ) and-) (-) disparlure Delta traps were used in all ttsts i)fj a 25 III grid pat tfJ~11 rh) numbe r- of malt motho captured gtl2S reeordec c regular LrrtsrvaLs
In one experim8~lt the attrac tivene ns of racemic d i apar-I ure was compared with that of (+) enarrti omar Ihe rssults of middotshi test are given in Table 1
Table I Number of moths captur-sd il trans middotcLti ted with varying amount s elf racemic and optically active Hsparlure
1 L
lCCJC
------------------__-----_ _--__------shy
II II These ltlata clearly reflect -gt0 superior attractancy of the (+) enarrt iore r
compared with that of racemic mate r i al Approximately 10 X more raoths were captured with 100 ug (+) disP8rlure than with an equal amount of racemic pheromone Unfor-tuna te Ly limited amounts of the enantiomers
II prohibited testing at dosages gTeater than 10C ug and therefore it is
II not known if greater dosages woull -Lead to repeLten t or inhibitory effects It should also be noted that the Jptically active material contained ca 66 of its an t i podo Hirhly puCified pbermiddot~Cwj~e would likely yield someshywhat different data Ih_u is the first rcpc--t of 3~ clear relationship beshytween dosage and r-e sponee wheIc n_creased ple romone concentration y-ields a corresponding increase in ruoth response
II In another test the inhLbi t ory properties ()f t1gt (-) s nant iomar- were quantified deti3rrninirlg tile at t ractivenes (~r var i cus ratios of (+) and (-) disparlure These lata a~e presented n Table I
bull Table II NWllber of riaLe mo trs captured in tIP -x1ited with various
t~r8rltiomer ra tios
bull ----- -~---_ I shy
ugtraJ ug -) per Average catch ( -I- ) -i- _----LQ_ llg ~~_ J2eL_tmiddotr~a=p _
9 jL o (I te 936 1 1 75 120
c99 _J j 3-68 63 I
bull J 00 ioo L+ 12 ~ ~I I ) 380 32
bull L159 59 ~ 08
As addi tiCmiddot] iJlCgt1EltS oi (-) middotnre tdded V_ ij CZS ccntaiuing 10 uij (+) a t tr-activene ss 22di~J jmiddotrc~8s-(~ dsmonc2at~E the Lnhib i tOIJ nature
Yn t he ( c-~ j bull_ 1 m n - v 11+ i (1 60L f th01 rllt~ - 11 ccuUCc JgO_Ll -l_~e au k bull t-_f- CO bullbull oa~ne I )0 0 v bull e
II bull ) - -- n -I- f- - ~ 1 s +--- +- bull - -- - f ( rl J l dOppOSle c_Dctl_bull )Eler hie e_ua ar tr-ac mvene so O~ + -LlSpar_Ure COU
Dot be ceteIlied ~~xt-aTJ)lation of the p]ttcCc data suggests that 9Cf~ (+) disp2rl1lle 1~Cl~_middot(J cap turv 15-~() t i mes a iafr ~ioths as TaGer-tic phero-shymane at tho 10 -cC -2vel
A rnore 6ta-iled -report i s cur-rentIy ceins- lYr-pT~P( JJ_C pub lication The manuacrLpt -middotimiddotL 1 c~ i ~11 uIsd ~ n tho nex t LacL8tcr_~ P~ IJort
Project Number GM 623 Project Title Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leader Charles P Schwalbe
There is no progress to report on this project A prototype apparatus is being assembled which will permit systematic evaluation of various collection substrates Recent papers report successful collection of airborn volatiles on Porapak Q and Molecular sieve If quantitative collection of disparlure from female moths is s11ccessful pheromone emission will be used as a standard for determining quality of insects mass reared under various conditions
I I I I I
-30shy
I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I
Project Number GM 626 Project Title Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leader Edward C Paszek
Tree Tanglefoot a natural product made from castor oil gum resins and vegetable wax was used as an adhesive for sJPSY moth traps for )6 years 1913-1969 It was replaced in 1970 with Tack Trap a synthetic plastic type adhesive (polyisobutylene) which was less costly and through field testing found to be more effective than Tree Tanglefoot in holding capshytured moths in a trap Tack Trap has gone up in price fr-om $0421b in 1970 to $130lb in 1976 A number of companies are marketing synthetic sticky compounds to protect trees from climbing insects and as bird reshypellants These compounds were compared with Tack Trap and Tree Tanglefoot to determine their effectiveness in holding ca~tured ~psy moths
8plusmn5 of the following six compounds were weighed and applied to approxishymately 286 cm2 of the interior surface area of Delta traps An aging study on 12 these open traps was conducted in the greenhouse at a tempshyerature range of 10degC to 32degC for 5) months (119-62376) A field bioassay was made on 71476 after 6 months of aging in a natural infestshyation followed by a laboratory bioassay 91676 after 8 months of aging
Table I Mean number of 6 Boths per trap after 1 hour field bioassay in heavy infestation 24 hour laboratory chamber bioassay with )00 released 6 moths
Field Laboratory
Tack Trap (new sample) 145 60 Bird Iang1efoot 120 90 Excelcide Bird Repellant 105 200 Tack Trap (old sample) t10 105 Stikem-Special Iree Tanglefoot
6S o r
14)1)
After 6 months of aging in open traps Tack Prap Bird Ianglefoot Excelshycide Bird Repellant and Stikem-Special held captur-ed native moths Tree Tanglefoot glazed over and was a poor adhesive When bioassayed Ln a laboratory chamber after 8 months oflging vri it released moths many moths entered and fLev out of the traps indcating that the adhe sive tend to dry out and stiffen after Long periods of aging
The remaining samples were stored folded flat on the shelf in a closed paper carton at room te~perature (approxi~ately 22C) B~th sets of traps were weighed after 6 weeks of aging (3176) to deterwiu8 weight loss of the adhesives due to voLat i Liza t i on of solvents
-ushy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
-32shy
bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II II II II
bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
-----
Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
- 34shy-
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
-35shy
II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
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CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
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031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
-49shy
I I
Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
I I
-50shy
I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
I I I I I I I
Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
I I I I
I II
I I
I I
Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
I
I
I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
I
I I I I I I I
-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
I
I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
I
I
I
I
I -58shy
Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
II I I I
I I
I I
I
Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
-59shy
bullbullI
bullII
I
Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
-60shy
-------------------shy 111
--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
I
I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
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- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
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Day
bullbull After
Material Company Do sago Instar Weather Aging Nor tal Lty Treatment
FMC 45498 FMC OO2( middotbgalA II 1 40 5 CJ in 3 ~_ b sal A II 1 L) 5
bull T 000 1r)g-al~A JL 1 25 5
oC() lbira1A II 1 10 5 cooi Hq]lAJ 01lt- II 1 I) 5~
bull
( -le~K II i S
pp 383 leI l~O iJ~Cil A II leo 2
bull I bull A 0) LUI gcU II 100 2
~ ~ S IbgaiA l L 100 3 (1 - TT 3J ~ l-LlasalA 100
bull
A1n gal) II 1
1 1 ] II
I 006 - 90 1 I C03 lgtjga ii 93 6
TT r1 J 001 lbgc11 69 v
OG07 tSr l 1I 49 61ha II
bull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Il 11 9 C~(J) ~J f I-~ ( I J l II 33 6_Ishy
I I P r
~)~DO_ 1-) -al~J I 1 J1 16 5 II TTGlICOO9 b ~S8Jt -t 7 5
j L I p 1 J A (~ w ()C)oLi L U Kctl n IT 1 5 i~t ~(ck 11 0 5
RE-218 RahID - )Haas O lt)c Lgal- II 1 86 J
q (j it(1 I h i t~ 1 A -
-- ~ Clti)L i J II 1 96 3 ll II 1 96 3
~T
o j-1A 1 bullbull 1 64 3
11 1 28 3 -J1C k 0 3
2umithion S tauflaquo n (feY -- lbgalA II 100 Lt
OilS 1b gEtl 1 II (+15 Atlox) 100 Lt p u ) 1b r 1 II (+15 Sorpol) 100 gaL 11- 3
r ] 1-- 13 A ) 5 --I II 1 48 3 11 ~ 05 ugal L Jr 1 ( +15 Atlox) 26 3
o c 1b 13 I A- rr 1 (+15 Sorpo1) 17 1T I raquo ~ 1) 1- 3
o ~ S~ b6d L d II 1 (+ Y6 Rhop1ex Sticker) 100 4
n v- l-bgatA II 2 (+Jib Rhoplex Sticker) CG L
J bull ~
r~ r- bull J 1) gelmiddot i1li L1 3 (+10 Rhonlex Sti~ker) 100 5
o J- ~CJ LA II 1 (+15 Atlox + Y6 Rhoplex
Sticker) reoj)
c o itgalA II 2 (+15 Atlox + 16 Rhoplex
Stickel) 64 4 J tf
lu-r II (+15 Atlox +J r
1A Rhop1ex
Sticker) 81 5
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bullbullbullbull
~~-P~
81 -~ shyMaterial Company Dosage Instal Weather Aging Mortal qy Irsa =e-
Sumithion Stauf-D ~ npounda 1 Itfer tgt -- II 1 (+15 Sarpal +
7J1 JO Rhaplex
Sticker) 99 L r A (+15 Sorpa1 +0 bull ~
i~lt) l~-oGc I ~- 1) II 2
Jo Rhon1ex Sti~ker) 99 4
~ ~T r) II
~) uI gall it 4l1 3 (1-15 Sorpol + Jo Rhoplex
Sticker) 80 5 fl bull 1 la- 1 A (JS C) t4L f 11 100 41-
I O~ ItgalA II (+15 Atlox) 100 3 - 1 TT itgt C JbgaJ ti -L (+190 Sorpal) 99 3
b egtl~- it L 1 32 3 t-1 TT - 5
ga A J 1 (+15 Atlax) 11 3 r-l
-
I~~ ~ 1-0 ~cl A II III lJ Sarpal)C-_) + ~ 13 30
I A l~l Ill J cV~ II 1 (+ 31~ Rhaplex Sticker) 95 4
TTI hcl~ i CC-- o lL 2 74 6 ( J_ =- gSL Ji 1 3 85 5 t~
~~_ i coEt Ii 1 (+ JIo Atlax + JIo Rhap1ex
Sticker) 97 ) -tshy ~ --T-t - bull l_ 2 (+ Jo Atlcx +
j( Rhoplex Sticker) 71 6
I ~ k_ 5 ( T]~ AtLox +
] lhoplex Sticker) 30
l r~ shy r ~) c~ I J~- 1 1 (+1 Sorpal + JIo Rhoplex
Sticker) 94 4 iI 1 r- g -o l A (+15 Sarpol +-~~ S _ u __ TT
bull_ )LL
JIo llhoplex sticker) 76 6
It r-11
~middot -iA U bLJ II 3 (+15 Sarpal + 3 Rhaplex
Sticker) 66 5 Checks 0 6
VEL 3883 r e1 si~ -r-vshycol _L 1 bC[i~L IA J i 99 6
H J ~~J euromiddotmiddott J A 99 6
fil If o g8 A 100 6
v 1~ - L gLllA ~l 89 o TT L
~ ( J6 (cilA 85 6
L ~E- 1 IA II 77 6 H -j 1-- ~-- ~ -= ~~ 156 _~ _ tdL H II 65 6 I ~ ~ C073 ~L (pound7)1 1~ 1L 26 6 If j ~ r)() )0 1 t A Li 10 6_1
CL~z L 0 6
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J)----Cl c
~+~---IJ_ ~__
Via terial Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Nortality TrGlt-e
VEL 3883 Velsi shy-1 col 10 lbga1A II -- )
05 1bga1A II 1 ~
II t--~025 1bgalA II 1 2 -012 1bga1A II 1 2 5
006 1bga1A II 1 0 c -Check II 0 )
irk continued with the new SevinID-4-oil formulation The viscos i ty o f ( formulations was tested
bullbullbullbullbull -12shy
The Tri toamp X-190 and Sevint-lt-cil formulation was field tested at
LO Ibs a i qt fA bull 0 uraquo Ell bull I qt I
025 lbs ai qt A
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbull-13shy
This formulation vlaS compar-ed tc SeviIi0-4-oil and kerosene at
10 Ibs ai40ozA0 Ibs aiatA
We are happy to rfport that Orthene-E 75S and Djm51iamp 25 Wp ve rc registered by the Uni ted States Environmental Protection Acncy for gJpsy moth use
Orthene 7SS
By a i r - 23 to 1 1L a i 2 qt H20A
hBy air - 003 to )06 lb a~ I i or 2 galA
The Ot_s laborltory and field rews played a grect part in the success of both mat8ria~81lt
__ltl- IjJSixteen gall ons ly)rthern red oak Jcmiddot-r118 were colI f~ted and stored in
cold storage
A totaI It --~ ~fL)13(ti(~i_l 88-~p~~~~s IT~jl1~ ~eCf~velt ~-()l ~~_8J)Clrato~rr and field tejts
Much of t ru s YCPO]tD peTioieJ STJmiddot~middott work i nr jYJ che field on experimental insecticide plats
A sui +able land-fill for the disposed cd emp ty onc~e( t ic ide containers was Loca t ed in Plainvi Ll Le ]Viaco lhis is about 6C i Les from Otis and is reshycommended by the Boston off i ce of Uni tec f372tes Environmental Protection Agency
Host Laboratory equipment-Ims packed ready for moving into the new building
I~etings
JIr HcLane gave talk 01 th Eftgt eetment made in 1(316 and demonstrated
ec davs in Hyat t svilLe H]) work i ng on apshy
bull
bull
bull
bullbull
bull
bull
bull bull
bull
bull
bullbullbull
Project Number GN 612 Project Title 1976 Field Studhs of Differen~ E()rmulations of
IrlnuLin and Sevin-)-1--0il Report Period April 1 1976 September 30 1976 Report lype P t T TO lecmiddot LJeaGers
Interim Larrry L Herbaugh w H l1cLane C H Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Each year f or the past 3 generation3 the gypsy moth Lymantri8 dispar (L) bas defci Latori thouaands of ac re s of forested Land in t he northeast Because of tht s investigations bTe corrt inual l y be i ng carried out to evaluate new materies and new fITfillations of current registpred ~ateria18
IVlaterlaJs and Methods In 1970 the following rnat0rial~ and fo rmula tions were tested for gypsy moth con t r o l DimiLin op Dilli1in 3middot~ Gil keroser18 Dimilj~rl j middot3 oil + TlitolJ X-190 + water Se~Tin-J-(Jil + kerosene arid Se-rJin-Lt-oil t- TLampt ton xmiddot~ l~)() + JcLtE-r Each ell the maLer-La~_S va s aerially applied to 50 acre plots Hi 3 replicates for ov aLua t i on Table I gives the details on chemical concentration and application rate
IabLs I Details of 19c6 formula t i (lUS field tested
-------------__------------Cllemical Concent ra t ion
and I1a tcrial APl21 Leat_ign Ra te- __ __ _Eerm~middotdlts ___ _
9DVcd a t less than 7) iage expansion
L~_l I in and wateY--ltL
GO scicker added
DimiLin 3 j oil ( 1 1b c 1 AU bull jJ - ct1 oct fl Keroaerie+ KerOS(~rle
I)rrlilirl 3 3 ~)il
-+- Tr5_tor )-19D1- r 3 lb ai gaJI~
water
Se-r]] fl-4-0il + ) SJ Cl IA ~6 middotJZ K81~GSe~ne
Kero serle 10 lb J_~ o~A 8 07 ~Kt-~-cosene
bull ~)~ vin -J i-Cil i -~
bull Se ~i ~L( Lt- 0 i 1
bull11 r X-190
wa teT
bull
bull
Plot Establishrnent TLe test plots were established Ln an area adjacent to the 1975 study area in Clinton COill1ty Peru1sylvania This area met the following requirements (l) a building population in whi ch there had been no Bore than 1 years noticeable defoliation prior to the test year (2) a readily measureabJe population of egg masses and (3) a predominance of preferred host trees (oaks)
Each So acre square plot was laid out by establishing an accessible base corner and plotting boundary lines along compass headings Harkers were placed at 811 four corners for aircraft guidance Within each 50 acre plot 5 s~bplots (01 acre) or sampling units were randomly established These subplots were representative of the entire plot and served as samplshying points throughout the experiment Sampling points were similarly e s tab l i shec in untreated check areas to measure natural ccndi tions
Application The application schedule was de s i gned so that material was to be applied when the majority of the larvae were in the late second inshystar stage and the oak foliage was 50-75 expanded One exception to this was the early treatment of Ililllilin that was applied at early 1st instar when oak foliage was less than ~~ expanded
NatErials were mixed and transferred into the aircraft with conventional equipment (mixing tank pumps hoses measuring devices and necessary safety equipment) All niXing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between each treatment to avoid adulteration Radio communications were maintained be tween the ground conditions of wind velocity and materials dispersement
All plots W8T8 treated wi th a Ces~ma Ag Truck al rcraff e quippe d wi th a hydraulic 3rven 2wpellr pump arid 2 converrt i onai STJT3y system (see Table II) The airplane disperse- the craterial lliS fxd- 3wa-ths at ])1 mph as near to tree top level as po ss Lb l e wi th 5 fTcurcl -ird velocity of less than 5 mph
-15shy
bull 1
bullbull bullbullbullbullbull
------- ------gt-_-------------- shy
I1aterial Noz zl e s Orifice
Di miLi n 2 middotIP 006 It d t falA (eal12l) D8-L5 Q
006 10 2j lsd11A DP-middothS Dd-L[r C006 Ib aigallA
J)imillc J 3 (~1 +
Kerosene 003 it Dlqt 80C2FF
Dimilin 1 ~ 0j J
Tli ton X-I + water
8002FF
05 lb aiqt C~~ 2f ~1
iraquo 1b 3iL_ ozA
o 5 ib middot--1 L
10 Lb 8iL-O D002FF
-Evalll~_tior~ ~~~~)~-h ~--Tn~ZIJ8n t J(~~~ emiddot~Ll1at(-a r~(l1Tl the s tandpo trrt of fo lLage protec t i or -ti16 TC [)J-L t -1 crj T~dJ lt middott~ t
tClt)[[l li~LlfiJ 0stJIuates of t~e deg-ree of I rLo t s a t the termination of larval
) f-L CL[ ~ ~ C~-j Lnl rL~~
CC)Lj]gtajng f~_vJ -- ru t C 3 ~ T j 11~
arI~ pl o C5 b~i prl i ~cd p- I Spmiddotrciy JJ -~~LLtl the ex ~ept~---~~ TLrrli~lL ) ~1 all
7shy k( I~C Smiddot- rlE~ _gti~ ~~ - t -) X-19 1 ) -I 12-(middotmiddot-shy ~L~~- ~)l~j_l-in WF
gtrhi c h ~[c -~1 (~ n( -t~ ~I()X ina te ~Y r~ Ii ~~V 1 tf-~r trea tmsnt
(middot~middotf-_lmiddotmiddotl
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ConoIus ion i PT~~i i nunarv data S11~)W tha t all formuLa r ions o r rljiti~l 8JG
Sevin-L-oLl + kcrosble rave (~xce~_ ent results in larval reductJon FrLlbullegg mass vcount L ~ hi macJe +0 Cetenline i this conoi tion continues to hold true
bull One nitial -()nI~ 1~~-)_~2- th_L~ 3~hOv1=~ oxceLlent po ten LLaI is the fact tIlat DimiLi rs - c P JbfcYi appl ie_l at H20 f viJ E le S8 than S oak f()l~_~tge ~-~(lDsicr~ gave g~o)d f- LJ~~(- p-otmiddotciinl and r-uced l arval actishy
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~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- II II II -shyAfl~U1GE COUNT
10 +shy 0 cc o o o o
~ ~- coe DinuLln 25 wP (early) 06 IbgallA
~~ Dimilin 25 vIP (normal) 06 Ib2 qtA
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Sevin-4-oil - Kerosene 1 Ib40 ozA
Dirnilln 33 oil - TXl90shy ~CJter 03 IbqtA
Dimilin 33 oil - Kerosene 03 IbqtA
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lmiddotmiddot 1 IXlt)0 ir t ~ hI + rJeJln-+-OT - - Wo el bullJ UfIi
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~~~ Sevirl--4-oil - Txl90 - Water 25 IbqtA
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-bullbull Ptlo~SNI tuLIIGF f3fiE-1IlN
tV Jgt 0shy co o o o o o o
061bgalA D-lmilin 25 WP (early)
I - I Iebull uO J-o I~ erG i1 JimHin 25 wP (normal) I-rj
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~h 0 lbmiddot(jmiddott gt - 11 DirJlin 33 oil - TXl90 - Water I-- p1 CD UJ CD UJ
rI-~ Diu-Uin 33 oiI - Ke ro ~ene 00Obull 3 1(1 qt 1-
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~evin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water bull l51bqtA
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DiJ1lilin 25 l-lP I06 IbgalA to
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25 IbqtA Selin-4-oil - TX1-90 - ltIater
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I I II II III I
II II II II
-
Project Number GM 613 Project Title Field Testing of Ground Applied Insecticides Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Larry L Herbaugh W H McLane C R Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Experimental use permits were received from EPA in early June 1976 for testing Orthene 75S Imidanreg 50 Wp Sevi~) 80S In addishytion to the above Sevin-4-oil with water and NTN 9306 were tested
One-acre plots were established in the Bald Eagle State Forest lands in Centre and Clinton Counties Pennsylvania These plots contained a measureshyable population of gypsy moth eggs and were located in heavily wooded areas representative of campground situations
These plots were established so that they were ca 200 feet square with a small dirt road dividing them Within each one-acre plot two subplots or sampling units were established Each of these illlits comprised 140 of an acre and was placed on each side of the road These 140 acre sampling units were used for all evaluations throughout the program
Application Only a small quantity of materials were needed for application Because of this materials were mixed on site using conventior~l mixing equipment and a nurse tank for a water supply All mixing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between treatments to avoid any adultershya tion
The materials were applied with a John Bean Mist Blower mounted on a 1-12 ton 4-wheel drive truck at the following rates
25 Ib a ir gal H20A
50 lb ai5 gal H20A Orthene 75S 10 It ai5 gal H20A Imidan So Wp 15 Ib ailS gal H20A and Sevin 80S 20 Ib ailS gal H2OA
3S Ib ai5 gal H2OA
Each of these dosages was replicated 3 times for each material
125 Ib ailS gal H20ANTN 9J06 50 Ib ai5 gal H20A
Sevin-4-oil and 20 Ib ailS gal H20A T X-190 + water 35 Ib ailS gal H20A
Evaluation Each treatment was evaluated from the standpoint of percent foliage protection larvae reduction using a 15 foot string count and egg massesacre reduction Tht latter data is not yet available at this vrriting
Foliage protection and larvae reduction are shown in the following table
-20shy
II - II - II II II II II II II - - II II -- shy -Foliage Average Larval String Counts
Material Dosage Protection Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment l 25 Ib ai5 gallA L~9 5 20 46 50 Ib ai5 gallA 667 25 22
10 lb ai5 gallA 854 30 20Imidan 50 wp 15 lb ai5 gallA 580 18 33
20 Ib ai5 gallA 565 2S 16 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 420 33 14
Check - 3middotS 19 8
1O25 Ib ai5 gallA -LL bull 5 26 5 So Ib ailS gallA 620 22 2
10 Ib ailS gallA 43middotS 23 2Sevin 80S 15 Ib ailS gallA 55S 22 1
20 Ib ailS gallA 827 26 1 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 894 2S S
Check - So 42 40
2S Ib ai5 gallA 800 29 6
50 lb ailS gallA 911-1 25 3 10 Ib ailS gallA SlLtO 26 2
NI Orthene 7SS ~J
15 Ib ailS gallA 9)-1-0 29 0 I 20 Ib ailS gallA 940 22 0
35 Ib ai5 gallA 940 19 0 Check - 7S 48 Sl
Sevin-4-oil + 20 1b ailS gallA 770 39 6 T X-190 + H2O 35 Ib ai5 gallA 870 3S 9
12S Ib ailS gallA 750 15 1NTH 9306 5 Ib ailS gallA 730 IS 2
oCheck - 20 10j
l Post-treatment readings based on 5th day after treatment
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Conclusion Initial results show that Imidan~ 50 Wp gave ca 5~o folia~~ protection and ca 16 larval reduction at the 3 higher dosages
SevillE 80S gave ca 76 foliage protection and ca 99 reduction in larval activity at the 3 higher dosages
Orthenereg 758 gave ca 94 foliage protection and ca 100 larval control at the 3 higher dosages
In comparison the two new formulations of Sevin-4-oil and T X-190 and H20 and NTN 9306 gave ca 8~o and 74 foliage protection respectively and ca 78 and 87 reduction in larval activity respectively
Data in the following table indicate that Orthene0) 758 and Sevi~ 80S will give the greatest degree of foliage protection as well as reducing larval activity on a 15 foot string count
-22shy
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II I)
Project Number GM 614 Proj8ct Title Evaluation of Pesticides for Browntail Moth Report Period April 1 1976 - September 31 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
The primary objective of this p~oject is to screen candidate materials against the browntail moth
Orthene reg was the only material tested against brown tail larvae
Dosage Instar 110rtali ty Days
After Treatment
1 IbaigalA II 92 2 05 IbaigalA II 100 2 025 IbaigalA II 96 2 012 IbaigalA II 90 2 006lbaigalA II 98 2 Check II loS 2
Mr McLane Mr Stockbridge Mr Stelle Mr Mosley and Mr Cartier met with Cape Cod National Seashore personnel to discuss future broNQtail work on the Cape A 5 year program was proposed as a result of the meeting and phone conversations vi th the Department of Interior and APHIS personnel
1976 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil ground plots with Sevin 80S
1977 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil Pyrethrin and Dimilin
1978 Select the most promising from the ones experimentally tested in 1976 and 1977 treat the entire infestation on Cape Cod using aircraft backpacks and mistblowers
1979 Clean up any infestation left
1980 Clean up any infestation left
However after a meeting wi th the Seashore Advisory Committee park super-shyintendent Hadley made a decision that no spraying should be done Q~til
the committee was informed of our plans and their approval was obtained To date this meeting has not come about
Meetings
Area I Managerial Meeting Hartford Corill Mr McLane gave a talk on the proposed 5 year broivntai1 moth program for Cape Cod Mass
Mr McLane met with Mr J KilIan Chief Environmentalist for the Cape Cod National Seashore to discuss the brovrrtaiL problem at the Seashore
-23shy
bullbullbullbull II II
bull II II II II
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Project Number (~riI 6l5 Project Title Regulatory Treatments (Laboratory - Field) Report Period AfrE 1 1976 - September W 1976 Report TJpe Irl tertIa Project Leaders Winfred H McLane L Ii Herbaugh J A Einney
The lack of effective treatment methods fer recreational vehicles and mobile homes is a major dficipncy Ll the APHIS Gypsy Hath regulatory program Slt1xpcIimentcl laboratory and field tests are conducted to develop improved techniques for cP2ling iii tt thi s and other r811atory problems
On December 191175 a residue test I2S s tartlaquo Nt) 7 irs(~ctiGiles Tvo hundr-ed tar paper squares (6 x 6) each were treated with insectjcide using amp c 5 It aita1 soLut i on SevfTI insecticideswere tested with 1 set of tar paper used fUJ a check The papers were treated to the point of runshyoff Half of t he paper-s were aged oucdoor-s tacked under (4 x 8) sheets of masonite haI f were hs Ld inside the laboratory Norie were exposed to sunlight
Ten newly h~tchd sectYl)sy noth larvae were exposed to tar paper sheets at 10 day Lnte rval a iC)r the f i r s t lCO days of aging fo Llowing treatment This was achieve by pLacing +he paper in a cyl inrrricaL cardboard container wi th artificial di et lt J10rta1 ity readings were( made after 24 hours and L8 hours
Mortality Hr- JJarvae Exposed After Naterial Aged
Material ~___ to IvIaterial U)() Days 200 Das 260 Lays
DDT 50 vp Insil1Ff lGO 100 32 inside ~CJO 100 100
0Outside 100 jlt 20 UlI1sideuro- 100 100 100
Resmethrin Inside 24 28 (EC) Inside )-8 oP R4 I ~)
IJutfLfle 24 28 48 7)-
SBP-l Sl) 2L R(8C) Ll~middot
OJ 9C -I iOe
96
10 1f)C
bullbull II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
bullbull
I10rtality Hr La~Jae Exposed After Ha terial
laterial Aged to r1aterial 100 Days 200 Days 26C Daye
Phoxin Inside 24 100 98 100 (EC) IIlside 48 100 100 100
Outs i de 24 100 100 100 Outside La 100 100 100
Pyrenone Inside 2L+ 34 46 2 (EC) insLde 48 60 72 46
cdOutside --I~ 38 16 a Outside I+8 61~ +2 28
I1onitor Inside ~I lUO )eLf 78 (L
G~)(EC) 118 1)0 100 Outsids 2Li 66 46
ooOutside LiS i(JO z jLi
) I Check Inside - -t 5~middot 26 0 - j
Insid~ hB ~L gt+ 6 l)uttir~c 4 20 2 Cllt3ide- ~t~~ t ~ 1+0 6
Based on Laboratrrv rfsul tc lJresented in the IJst report a field test was started August 3 196 with Iop Job pine scent wax [ax remover Dimilin and fire ex t ingui shcr agent Ten egg masses are be ing treated each month from August 3 197C unt i I April 1 1977 Five masses are being covered wi th black building paper and S are being left exposed lhree dosages of each material are being usel along wi th a check
During April 1977 211 eggs will be col Lec ted and incubated in the labora-middot tory for hatch If hatch can hi pr2vented it may be possible to uae one or more of thlaquo materials as a treatment on tr_L18rs and RVs
To date 3 t reatments haveJeer made
On June 23 19761+ uate r i al s (Sevin (583 S8 [n-i~-il Orthene and Lrridan ) most generally used f Jr gypsy mot h control h~ sprayed -+0 the poi rrt of runshyoff on 110 acre plots us ing a back-pack mist~jL)1er Dosago s usee were same as rec()mmeIldw~ in ths APHIS recillatorJ rnanual
Every 3 day fo11ovrC9 tl(~atment rliage was c oll eo te d and Lioassaysd against 3ro instar Larvae 1fCt~middot~ 72 hour lrtality reading being mado After 9middot days treated foliag wal stiLl givirfL~_2[pound211eln mortalitx
q ~[ortality After Material L Days Ul Days lC s3[S _
Sevin 8)3
Sev-inmiddotmiddotL-Gil OrtbeEe Imidan Check 17
--
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II
Project Number GM 616 Project Title Field Testing of Javenile Hormone Analogs for Ovicidal
Activity Report Period Anril 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Itterim Project Leaders Charles P Schwa2be A P Norris
The juvenile hormone analogs Al tozar lE and ZR-t19 SE have been reported as having ovicidal properties When gypsy moth 8fg nasses are deposited on recently treated surfaces hat chab iLi ty yf 8ggS is reduced ZR-619 also appears to inhibit female moths from layingjhriT full complement of eggs Compounds with these properties may be user1 fOT regulatory treatments
Boles of white and red oak trees -lere sprayed foe tho point of ruri-off with water emulsions of Altozar and ZR-619 at 8g1 Ireatsents were aged for 1 3 7 14 21 and 28 days before bioassay At tb~ end of each aging period S or more 3 day old mated female moths from f Le Ld collected pupae were imprisoned on each of S trees (total ()f 25 replicatestreatment) Ihere were 10 replicates (2 trees) for each control The female moths that deposited egg masses were recovered (generally after one day) placed in polyethylene bags and frOZet111D riI they could be dissected to determine the number of unl a i d eggs Egg masses wiI 1 be coJlscted from the treated and control surfaces during IlecembQr 1976 an~ tested for embryonation parasi tization and ha tchabiLt ty
Females from the 1 3 7 and 28 day exposure pe r i ous have been dissected and unlaid eggs counted The results are shovn by the accompanying tab Le Preliminarily it appears that with the excep ti on of the 1 day ZR-61) treatment there was no effect of treatment on the nurnbe r of eggs laid by female moths It is interesting to note that laboratoryreaTf3(J tno th s were useci for the 1 day ZR-6l9 trea tluent Dcotailed disCUSSJCiD 01 thesA data will be deferred until all ]~eSl--l ts OCl egg smbryona t i on parc~si_ t i zation and hatchability have been obtained
-26shy
-----------
middot-------_ bullbullbull _~ bullbull EGGS lJlI11AID EY FENALES EXPOSED TO TRUNKS pHEATED WITH ALTOZAR 4E lIJm ZRmiddot-619 SE
Q2Y2129ynd
Iiays Treatment
ampif_~i
Numbe-r of Used
_fre~ t Control
Females Recovered
Tle~t __CoDjl~_
Numbe-r Unlaid Eggs Total Average
1reaJ_Qonto L)~1Zs~J_-0ontro1
Al i008) ) E~
ZI -~ I~~ 19 ~I~~
I
J 36 c )
14 Ij(1
32 ~
1 f 1~Lr
13 123[3 7G34
380 1797
387 )36
271 138 ~)
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11-- S1 C] ~ --
3
3 L~O
50 16 T1-s 1shy
30 ~)8
If) 1 -Llt
1394 1519
619 - (1 I
J-~
L+65 5hJ
Lf 13 493
A1 t-IZ~lX )~r~
~~R-C ~L9 ~jE
i ~ r ~O
Igt ~ c
15 18
J- 39
11 1 I LL4
104)~ l1-rr
660 F3S5
J26 292
508 632
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25 27
3j
30
12 -
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14 IS
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25 2S
10 1U
11 J 2
805 sed
1059 1398
2L~6 r(0
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2 3)
Li24 5)9
25() 6
12~ 7 391
JfJrtttcry r~ared iEIalCs ant] m3Jl~ used aUJthers ere fr-om f iel d collected pupae
bullbull Project Number GM 622
bull Project Title Responses of ~Ble Gypsy Moths to Traps as AffecteC ~
the PeatE of Pheromone Release Report Period April I 1976 - Septe~ber 30 1976
bullbull
Report Type Errcer im Project Leaders Charles P Sch~Lb2 E C Paszek
Preliminary trapping experiments with disparlure indicated that attracti-veshyness is affected by the rJte at which the pheromone is released from the trap Large amount s of lure seemed 0 have an inhfb i torr or repellent effect ConfLrmatorv studies were planned in which multiples of Corrre Ic fibers would be used to bait standaTd delta traps in order to define the pheromone ls1ea8e rate at which maxinnna attradiveness 10 sul ted Such inshyformation would be 2xcPPdingly useful in pI(eparnf specifications for comshy
bull mercial production of progTam pheromone dispenpers Unfortunately certain difficulties vpre encYLmtered in developing a sound expemiddotrinental program and it was suggested that this work be carried out by scientists at the
bullPennsylvania Stat Uni ve r-si ty Freliminary date have been made available to us but we 8re unable to uti I izhen in this report
bullExperiments in tti- pr)j0ct aCil Cl conduc tcd in collaboration with the ARS Optically active enantiCnj2rs of cis-Jlrparhrre were generously made available by Dr NarU1n(j~ Nagoya Uruve r-s i vs Iagoya Japan The objective of the tests was to determine the attractiveness (or other biological
bull properties) of tIl optically active ~nantiomers of disparlure Similar experiments were conducted by scientists from Nlchigan State University and the New York and C~~1nectiut State Agricultural Experimerct Stations
bullbullThese tests weI c onduc tcd in a natural infestation in FaTl River State Porest ILl lraps gtJere baited wit[ cc t t on dentJ wicks to which had been applied the indicated amcunt s of ( ) and-) (-) disparlure Delta traps were used in all ttsts i)fj a 25 III grid pat tfJ~11 rh) numbe r- of malt motho captured gtl2S reeordec c regular LrrtsrvaLs
In one experim8~lt the attrac tivene ns of racemic d i apar-I ure was compared with that of (+) enarrti omar Ihe rssults of middotshi test are given in Table 1
Table I Number of moths captur-sd il trans middotcLti ted with varying amount s elf racemic and optically active Hsparlure
1 L
lCCJC
------------------__-----_ _--__------shy
II II These ltlata clearly reflect -gt0 superior attractancy of the (+) enarrt iore r
compared with that of racemic mate r i al Approximately 10 X more raoths were captured with 100 ug (+) disP8rlure than with an equal amount of racemic pheromone Unfor-tuna te Ly limited amounts of the enantiomers
II prohibited testing at dosages gTeater than 10C ug and therefore it is
II not known if greater dosages woull -Lead to repeLten t or inhibitory effects It should also be noted that the Jptically active material contained ca 66 of its an t i podo Hirhly puCified pbermiddot~Cwj~e would likely yield someshywhat different data Ih_u is the first rcpc--t of 3~ clear relationship beshytween dosage and r-e sponee wheIc n_creased ple romone concentration y-ields a corresponding increase in ruoth response
II In another test the inhLbi t ory properties ()f t1gt (-) s nant iomar- were quantified deti3rrninirlg tile at t ractivenes (~r var i cus ratios of (+) and (-) disparlure These lata a~e presented n Table I
bull Table II NWllber of riaLe mo trs captured in tIP -x1ited with various
t~r8rltiomer ra tios
bull ----- -~---_ I shy
ugtraJ ug -) per Average catch ( -I- ) -i- _----LQ_ llg ~~_ J2eL_tmiddotr~a=p _
9 jL o (I te 936 1 1 75 120
c99 _J j 3-68 63 I
bull J 00 ioo L+ 12 ~ ~I I ) 380 32
bull L159 59 ~ 08
As addi tiCmiddot] iJlCgt1EltS oi (-) middotnre tdded V_ ij CZS ccntaiuing 10 uij (+) a t tr-activene ss 22di~J jmiddotrc~8s-(~ dsmonc2at~E the Lnhib i tOIJ nature
Yn t he ( c-~ j bull_ 1 m n - v 11+ i (1 60L f th01 rllt~ - 11 ccuUCc JgO_Ll -l_~e au k bull t-_f- CO bullbull oa~ne I )0 0 v bull e
II bull ) - -- n -I- f- - ~ 1 s +--- +- bull - -- - f ( rl J l dOppOSle c_Dctl_bull )Eler hie e_ua ar tr-ac mvene so O~ + -LlSpar_Ure COU
Dot be ceteIlied ~~xt-aTJ)lation of the p]ttcCc data suggests that 9Cf~ (+) disp2rl1lle 1~Cl~_middot(J cap turv 15-~() t i mes a iafr ~ioths as TaGer-tic phero-shymane at tho 10 -cC -2vel
A rnore 6ta-iled -report i s cur-rentIy ceins- lYr-pT~P( JJ_C pub lication The manuacrLpt -middotimiddotL 1 c~ i ~11 uIsd ~ n tho nex t LacL8tcr_~ P~ IJort
Project Number GM 623 Project Title Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leader Charles P Schwalbe
There is no progress to report on this project A prototype apparatus is being assembled which will permit systematic evaluation of various collection substrates Recent papers report successful collection of airborn volatiles on Porapak Q and Molecular sieve If quantitative collection of disparlure from female moths is s11ccessful pheromone emission will be used as a standard for determining quality of insects mass reared under various conditions
I I I I I
-30shy
I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I
Project Number GM 626 Project Title Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leader Edward C Paszek
Tree Tanglefoot a natural product made from castor oil gum resins and vegetable wax was used as an adhesive for sJPSY moth traps for )6 years 1913-1969 It was replaced in 1970 with Tack Trap a synthetic plastic type adhesive (polyisobutylene) which was less costly and through field testing found to be more effective than Tree Tanglefoot in holding capshytured moths in a trap Tack Trap has gone up in price fr-om $0421b in 1970 to $130lb in 1976 A number of companies are marketing synthetic sticky compounds to protect trees from climbing insects and as bird reshypellants These compounds were compared with Tack Trap and Tree Tanglefoot to determine their effectiveness in holding ca~tured ~psy moths
8plusmn5 of the following six compounds were weighed and applied to approxishymately 286 cm2 of the interior surface area of Delta traps An aging study on 12 these open traps was conducted in the greenhouse at a tempshyerature range of 10degC to 32degC for 5) months (119-62376) A field bioassay was made on 71476 after 6 months of aging in a natural infestshyation followed by a laboratory bioassay 91676 after 8 months of aging
Table I Mean number of 6 Boths per trap after 1 hour field bioassay in heavy infestation 24 hour laboratory chamber bioassay with )00 released 6 moths
Field Laboratory
Tack Trap (new sample) 145 60 Bird Iang1efoot 120 90 Excelcide Bird Repellant 105 200 Tack Trap (old sample) t10 105 Stikem-Special Iree Tanglefoot
6S o r
14)1)
After 6 months of aging in open traps Tack Prap Bird Ianglefoot Excelshycide Bird Repellant and Stikem-Special held captur-ed native moths Tree Tanglefoot glazed over and was a poor adhesive When bioassayed Ln a laboratory chamber after 8 months oflging vri it released moths many moths entered and fLev out of the traps indcating that the adhe sive tend to dry out and stiffen after Long periods of aging
The remaining samples were stored folded flat on the shelf in a closed paper carton at room te~perature (approxi~ately 22C) B~th sets of traps were weighed after 6 weeks of aging (3176) to deterwiu8 weight loss of the adhesives due to voLat i Liza t i on of solvents
-ushy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
-32shy
bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II II II II
bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
-----
Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
- 34shy-
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
-35shy
II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
-shy
CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
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I
10
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l 1 o Li
u Clt bull z ~ l pH
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Z
o o 0 o- 00 ~
031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
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Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
-49shy
I I
Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
I I
-50shy
I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
I I I I I I I
Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
I I I I
I II
I I
I I
Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
I
I
I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
I
I I I I I I I
-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
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and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
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I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
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IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
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AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
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ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
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~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
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Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
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TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
bullbullbullbull
~~-P~
81 -~ shyMaterial Company Dosage Instal Weather Aging Mortal qy Irsa =e-
Sumithion Stauf-D ~ npounda 1 Itfer tgt -- II 1 (+15 Sarpal +
7J1 JO Rhaplex
Sticker) 99 L r A (+15 Sorpa1 +0 bull ~
i~lt) l~-oGc I ~- 1) II 2
Jo Rhon1ex Sti~ker) 99 4
~ ~T r) II
~) uI gall it 4l1 3 (1-15 Sorpol + Jo Rhoplex
Sticker) 80 5 fl bull 1 la- 1 A (JS C) t4L f 11 100 41-
I O~ ItgalA II (+15 Atlox) 100 3 - 1 TT itgt C JbgaJ ti -L (+190 Sorpal) 99 3
b egtl~- it L 1 32 3 t-1 TT - 5
ga A J 1 (+15 Atlax) 11 3 r-l
-
I~~ ~ 1-0 ~cl A II III lJ Sarpal)C-_) + ~ 13 30
I A l~l Ill J cV~ II 1 (+ 31~ Rhaplex Sticker) 95 4
TTI hcl~ i CC-- o lL 2 74 6 ( J_ =- gSL Ji 1 3 85 5 t~
~~_ i coEt Ii 1 (+ JIo Atlax + JIo Rhap1ex
Sticker) 97 ) -tshy ~ --T-t - bull l_ 2 (+ Jo Atlcx +
j( Rhoplex Sticker) 71 6
I ~ k_ 5 ( T]~ AtLox +
] lhoplex Sticker) 30
l r~ shy r ~) c~ I J~- 1 1 (+1 Sorpal + JIo Rhoplex
Sticker) 94 4 iI 1 r- g -o l A (+15 Sarpol +-~~ S _ u __ TT
bull_ )LL
JIo llhoplex sticker) 76 6
It r-11
~middot -iA U bLJ II 3 (+15 Sarpal + 3 Rhaplex
Sticker) 66 5 Checks 0 6
VEL 3883 r e1 si~ -r-vshycol _L 1 bC[i~L IA J i 99 6
H J ~~J euromiddotmiddott J A 99 6
fil If o g8 A 100 6
v 1~ - L gLllA ~l 89 o TT L
~ ( J6 (cilA 85 6
L ~E- 1 IA II 77 6 H -j 1-- ~-- ~ -= ~~ 156 _~ _ tdL H II 65 6 I ~ ~ C073 ~L (pound7)1 1~ 1L 26 6 If j ~ r)() )0 1 t A Li 10 6_1
CL~z L 0 6
-11shy
J)----Cl c
~+~---IJ_ ~__
Via terial Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Nortality TrGlt-e
VEL 3883 Velsi shy-1 col 10 lbga1A II -- )
05 1bga1A II 1 ~
II t--~025 1bgalA II 1 2 -012 1bga1A II 1 2 5
006 1bga1A II 1 0 c -Check II 0 )
irk continued with the new SevinID-4-oil formulation The viscos i ty o f ( formulations was tested
bullbullbullbullbull -12shy
The Tri toamp X-190 and Sevint-lt-cil formulation was field tested at
LO Ibs a i qt fA bull 0 uraquo Ell bull I qt I
025 lbs ai qt A
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbull-13shy
This formulation vlaS compar-ed tc SeviIi0-4-oil and kerosene at
10 Ibs ai40ozA0 Ibs aiatA
We are happy to rfport that Orthene-E 75S and Djm51iamp 25 Wp ve rc registered by the Uni ted States Environmental Protection Acncy for gJpsy moth use
Orthene 7SS
By a i r - 23 to 1 1L a i 2 qt H20A
hBy air - 003 to )06 lb a~ I i or 2 galA
The Ot_s laborltory and field rews played a grect part in the success of both mat8ria~81lt
__ltl- IjJSixteen gall ons ly)rthern red oak Jcmiddot-r118 were colI f~ted and stored in
cold storage
A totaI It --~ ~fL)13(ti(~i_l 88-~p~~~~s IT~jl1~ ~eCf~velt ~-()l ~~_8J)Clrato~rr and field tejts
Much of t ru s YCPO]tD peTioieJ STJmiddot~middott work i nr jYJ che field on experimental insecticide plats
A sui +able land-fill for the disposed cd emp ty onc~e( t ic ide containers was Loca t ed in Plainvi Ll Le ]Viaco lhis is about 6C i Les from Otis and is reshycommended by the Boston off i ce of Uni tec f372tes Environmental Protection Agency
Host Laboratory equipment-Ims packed ready for moving into the new building
I~etings
JIr HcLane gave talk 01 th Eftgt eetment made in 1(316 and demonstrated
ec davs in Hyat t svilLe H]) work i ng on apshy
bull
bull
bull
bullbull
bull
bull
bull bull
bull
bull
bullbullbull
Project Number GN 612 Project Title 1976 Field Studhs of Differen~ E()rmulations of
IrlnuLin and Sevin-)-1--0il Report Period April 1 1976 September 30 1976 Report lype P t T TO lecmiddot LJeaGers
Interim Larrry L Herbaugh w H l1cLane C H Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Each year f or the past 3 generation3 the gypsy moth Lymantri8 dispar (L) bas defci Latori thouaands of ac re s of forested Land in t he northeast Because of tht s investigations bTe corrt inual l y be i ng carried out to evaluate new materies and new fITfillations of current registpred ~ateria18
IVlaterlaJs and Methods In 1970 the following rnat0rial~ and fo rmula tions were tested for gypsy moth con t r o l DimiLin op Dilli1in 3middot~ Gil keroser18 Dimilj~rl j middot3 oil + TlitolJ X-190 + water Se~Tin-J-(Jil + kerosene arid Se-rJin-Lt-oil t- TLampt ton xmiddot~ l~)() + JcLtE-r Each ell the maLer-La~_S va s aerially applied to 50 acre plots Hi 3 replicates for ov aLua t i on Table I gives the details on chemical concentration and application rate
IabLs I Details of 19c6 formula t i (lUS field tested
-------------__------------Cllemical Concent ra t ion
and I1a tcrial APl21 Leat_ign Ra te- __ __ _Eerm~middotdlts ___ _
9DVcd a t less than 7) iage expansion
L~_l I in and wateY--ltL
GO scicker added
DimiLin 3 j oil ( 1 1b c 1 AU bull jJ - ct1 oct fl Keroaerie+ KerOS(~rle
I)rrlilirl 3 3 ~)il
-+- Tr5_tor )-19D1- r 3 lb ai gaJI~
water
Se-r]] fl-4-0il + ) SJ Cl IA ~6 middotJZ K81~GSe~ne
Kero serle 10 lb J_~ o~A 8 07 ~Kt-~-cosene
bull ~)~ vin -J i-Cil i -~
bull Se ~i ~L( Lt- 0 i 1
bull11 r X-190
wa teT
bull
bull
Plot Establishrnent TLe test plots were established Ln an area adjacent to the 1975 study area in Clinton COill1ty Peru1sylvania This area met the following requirements (l) a building population in whi ch there had been no Bore than 1 years noticeable defoliation prior to the test year (2) a readily measureabJe population of egg masses and (3) a predominance of preferred host trees (oaks)
Each So acre square plot was laid out by establishing an accessible base corner and plotting boundary lines along compass headings Harkers were placed at 811 four corners for aircraft guidance Within each 50 acre plot 5 s~bplots (01 acre) or sampling units were randomly established These subplots were representative of the entire plot and served as samplshying points throughout the experiment Sampling points were similarly e s tab l i shec in untreated check areas to measure natural ccndi tions
Application The application schedule was de s i gned so that material was to be applied when the majority of the larvae were in the late second inshystar stage and the oak foliage was 50-75 expanded One exception to this was the early treatment of Ililllilin that was applied at early 1st instar when oak foliage was less than ~~ expanded
NatErials were mixed and transferred into the aircraft with conventional equipment (mixing tank pumps hoses measuring devices and necessary safety equipment) All niXing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between each treatment to avoid adulteration Radio communications were maintained be tween the ground conditions of wind velocity and materials dispersement
All plots W8T8 treated wi th a Ces~ma Ag Truck al rcraff e quippe d wi th a hydraulic 3rven 2wpellr pump arid 2 converrt i onai STJT3y system (see Table II) The airplane disperse- the craterial lliS fxd- 3wa-ths at ])1 mph as near to tree top level as po ss Lb l e wi th 5 fTcurcl -ird velocity of less than 5 mph
-15shy
bull 1
bullbull bullbullbullbullbull
------- ------gt-_-------------- shy
I1aterial Noz zl e s Orifice
Di miLi n 2 middotIP 006 It d t falA (eal12l) D8-L5 Q
006 10 2j lsd11A DP-middothS Dd-L[r C006 Ib aigallA
J)imillc J 3 (~1 +
Kerosene 003 it Dlqt 80C2FF
Dimilin 1 ~ 0j J
Tli ton X-I + water
8002FF
05 lb aiqt C~~ 2f ~1
iraquo 1b 3iL_ ozA
o 5 ib middot--1 L
10 Lb 8iL-O D002FF
-Evalll~_tior~ ~~~~)~-h ~--Tn~ZIJ8n t J(~~~ emiddot~Ll1at(-a r~(l1Tl the s tandpo trrt of fo lLage protec t i or -ti16 TC [)J-L t -1 crj T~dJ lt middott~ t
tClt)[[l li~LlfiJ 0stJIuates of t~e deg-ree of I rLo t s a t the termination of larval
) f-L CL[ ~ ~ C~-j Lnl rL~~
CC)Lj]gtajng f~_vJ -- ru t C 3 ~ T j 11~
arI~ pl o C5 b~i prl i ~cd p- I Spmiddotrciy JJ -~~LLtl the ex ~ept~---~~ TLrrli~lL ) ~1 all
7shy k( I~C Smiddot- rlE~ _gti~ ~~ - t -) X-19 1 ) -I 12-(middotmiddot-shy ~L~~- ~)l~j_l-in WF
gtrhi c h ~[c -~1 (~ n( -t~ ~I()X ina te ~Y r~ Ii ~~V 1 tf-~r trea tmsnt
(middot~middotf-_lmiddotmiddotl
)JJ
bullbull
ConoIus ion i PT~~i i nunarv data S11~)W tha t all formuLa r ions o r rljiti~l 8JG
Sevin-L-oLl + kcrosble rave (~xce~_ ent results in larval reductJon FrLlbullegg mass vcount L ~ hi macJe +0 Cetenline i this conoi tion continues to hold true
bull One nitial -()nI~ 1~~-)_~2- th_L~ 3~hOv1=~ oxceLlent po ten LLaI is the fact tIlat DimiLi rs - c P JbfcYi appl ie_l at H20 f viJ E le S8 than S oak f()l~_~tge ~-~(lDsicr~ gave g~o)d f- LJ~~(- p-otmiddotciinl and r-uced l arval actishy
bull v ty rl1~aj1~-~1tly ltbullbull T=~ LY 10 )C
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- II II II -shyAfl~U1GE COUNT
10 +shy 0 cc o o o o
~ ~- coe DinuLln 25 wP (early) 06 IbgallA
~~ Dimilin 25 vIP (normal) 06 Ib2 qtA
fojf-
~ I-j CD
~~-~~X~~~~-~~~-~~~~bull
Sevin-4-oil - Kerosene 1 Ib40 ozA
Dirnilln 33 oil - TXl90shy ~CJter 03 IbqtA
Dimilin 33 oil - Kerosene 03 IbqtA
l1 1 CD I
(fJ
0 f-j
~
~ ~ ~
10 1--3 CD r p g c+ CD
f-J p1
~ ~
~~
~~
~~~
lmiddotmiddot 1 IXlt)0 ir t ~ hI + rJeJln-+-OT - - Wo el bullJ UfIi
D middot J tro 06 Ib ~ Ianui rn ~ vvr- gaL li
Sevin I J K~Yr c-nIle lt Ibq+ r0t l-+-j _~L - u gtJ bull 1 - _J bull vi l
~d
o to c+ bullto
d - ~
I
m c+ I-jf-J
~ o o
~ (fJ
~~ Sevin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water 1 Ib) OZA
~~~ Sevirl--4-oil - Txl90 - Water 25 IbqtA
I -- (X)
I
~)t)~ E Untreated Ch8Cks
-bullbull Ptlo~SNI tuLIIGF f3fiE-1IlN
tV Jgt 0shy co o o o o o o
061bgalA D-lmilin 25 WP (early)
I - I Iebull uO J-o I~ erG i1 JimHin 25 wP (normal) I-rj
j-J
o~ f-J (1)
Sevin-4-oil - Kero sene I--~ Ib40 ozA I-rj ll 0 UJ I-
~h 0 lbmiddot(jmiddott gt - 11 DirJlin 33 oil - TXl90 - Water I-- p1 CD UJ CD UJ
rI-~ Diu-Uin 33 oiI - Ke ro ~ene 00Obull 3 1(1 qt 1-
sect co
f-- c+ OJ-J ampl 0
~evin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water bull l51bqtA
lJ f-J CD
DiJ1lilin 25 l-lP I06 IbgalA to
1j f-J Pl
lti
51bqtA _ Sevin-L~-oil - Kero sene pD H o I-- j-J
-o
p c+~ Ib40 OZA _ Sevin-L-oil - TXl90 - Water f-J
~
25 IbqtA Selin-4-oil - TX1-90 - ltIater
Untreated Checks I
f- -0
I
I I II II III I
II II II II
-
Project Number GM 613 Project Title Field Testing of Ground Applied Insecticides Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Larry L Herbaugh W H McLane C R Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Experimental use permits were received from EPA in early June 1976 for testing Orthene 75S Imidanreg 50 Wp Sevi~) 80S In addishytion to the above Sevin-4-oil with water and NTN 9306 were tested
One-acre plots were established in the Bald Eagle State Forest lands in Centre and Clinton Counties Pennsylvania These plots contained a measureshyable population of gypsy moth eggs and were located in heavily wooded areas representative of campground situations
These plots were established so that they were ca 200 feet square with a small dirt road dividing them Within each one-acre plot two subplots or sampling units were established Each of these illlits comprised 140 of an acre and was placed on each side of the road These 140 acre sampling units were used for all evaluations throughout the program
Application Only a small quantity of materials were needed for application Because of this materials were mixed on site using conventior~l mixing equipment and a nurse tank for a water supply All mixing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between treatments to avoid any adultershya tion
The materials were applied with a John Bean Mist Blower mounted on a 1-12 ton 4-wheel drive truck at the following rates
25 Ib a ir gal H20A
50 lb ai5 gal H20A Orthene 75S 10 It ai5 gal H20A Imidan So Wp 15 Ib ailS gal H20A and Sevin 80S 20 Ib ailS gal H2OA
3S Ib ai5 gal H2OA
Each of these dosages was replicated 3 times for each material
125 Ib ailS gal H20ANTN 9J06 50 Ib ai5 gal H20A
Sevin-4-oil and 20 Ib ailS gal H20A T X-190 + water 35 Ib ailS gal H20A
Evaluation Each treatment was evaluated from the standpoint of percent foliage protection larvae reduction using a 15 foot string count and egg massesacre reduction Tht latter data is not yet available at this vrriting
Foliage protection and larvae reduction are shown in the following table
-20shy
II - II - II II II II II II II - - II II -- shy -Foliage Average Larval String Counts
Material Dosage Protection Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment l 25 Ib ai5 gallA L~9 5 20 46 50 Ib ai5 gallA 667 25 22
10 lb ai5 gallA 854 30 20Imidan 50 wp 15 lb ai5 gallA 580 18 33
20 Ib ai5 gallA 565 2S 16 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 420 33 14
Check - 3middotS 19 8
1O25 Ib ai5 gallA -LL bull 5 26 5 So Ib ailS gallA 620 22 2
10 Ib ailS gallA 43middotS 23 2Sevin 80S 15 Ib ailS gallA 55S 22 1
20 Ib ailS gallA 827 26 1 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 894 2S S
Check - So 42 40
2S Ib ai5 gallA 800 29 6
50 lb ailS gallA 911-1 25 3 10 Ib ailS gallA SlLtO 26 2
NI Orthene 7SS ~J
15 Ib ailS gallA 9)-1-0 29 0 I 20 Ib ailS gallA 940 22 0
35 Ib ai5 gallA 940 19 0 Check - 7S 48 Sl
Sevin-4-oil + 20 1b ailS gallA 770 39 6 T X-190 + H2O 35 Ib ai5 gallA 870 3S 9
12S Ib ailS gallA 750 15 1NTH 9306 5 Ib ailS gallA 730 IS 2
oCheck - 20 10j
l Post-treatment readings based on 5th day after treatment
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Conclusion Initial results show that Imidan~ 50 Wp gave ca 5~o folia~~ protection and ca 16 larval reduction at the 3 higher dosages
SevillE 80S gave ca 76 foliage protection and ca 99 reduction in larval activity at the 3 higher dosages
Orthenereg 758 gave ca 94 foliage protection and ca 100 larval control at the 3 higher dosages
In comparison the two new formulations of Sevin-4-oil and T X-190 and H20 and NTN 9306 gave ca 8~o and 74 foliage protection respectively and ca 78 and 87 reduction in larval activity respectively
Data in the following table indicate that Orthene0) 758 and Sevi~ 80S will give the greatest degree of foliage protection as well as reducing larval activity on a 15 foot string count
-22shy
bullbull I)
I)
I)
I)
bullbullbullbullbull II II I)
II I)
II I)
Project Number GM 614 Proj8ct Title Evaluation of Pesticides for Browntail Moth Report Period April 1 1976 - September 31 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
The primary objective of this p~oject is to screen candidate materials against the browntail moth
Orthene reg was the only material tested against brown tail larvae
Dosage Instar 110rtali ty Days
After Treatment
1 IbaigalA II 92 2 05 IbaigalA II 100 2 025 IbaigalA II 96 2 012 IbaigalA II 90 2 006lbaigalA II 98 2 Check II loS 2
Mr McLane Mr Stockbridge Mr Stelle Mr Mosley and Mr Cartier met with Cape Cod National Seashore personnel to discuss future broNQtail work on the Cape A 5 year program was proposed as a result of the meeting and phone conversations vi th the Department of Interior and APHIS personnel
1976 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil ground plots with Sevin 80S
1977 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil Pyrethrin and Dimilin
1978 Select the most promising from the ones experimentally tested in 1976 and 1977 treat the entire infestation on Cape Cod using aircraft backpacks and mistblowers
1979 Clean up any infestation left
1980 Clean up any infestation left
However after a meeting wi th the Seashore Advisory Committee park super-shyintendent Hadley made a decision that no spraying should be done Q~til
the committee was informed of our plans and their approval was obtained To date this meeting has not come about
Meetings
Area I Managerial Meeting Hartford Corill Mr McLane gave a talk on the proposed 5 year broivntai1 moth program for Cape Cod Mass
Mr McLane met with Mr J KilIan Chief Environmentalist for the Cape Cod National Seashore to discuss the brovrrtaiL problem at the Seashore
-23shy
bullbullbullbull II II
bull II II II II
bullbullbullbullbull
Project Number (~riI 6l5 Project Title Regulatory Treatments (Laboratory - Field) Report Period AfrE 1 1976 - September W 1976 Report TJpe Irl tertIa Project Leaders Winfred H McLane L Ii Herbaugh J A Einney
The lack of effective treatment methods fer recreational vehicles and mobile homes is a major dficipncy Ll the APHIS Gypsy Hath regulatory program Slt1xpcIimentcl laboratory and field tests are conducted to develop improved techniques for cP2ling iii tt thi s and other r811atory problems
On December 191175 a residue test I2S s tartlaquo Nt) 7 irs(~ctiGiles Tvo hundr-ed tar paper squares (6 x 6) each were treated with insectjcide using amp c 5 It aita1 soLut i on SevfTI insecticideswere tested with 1 set of tar paper used fUJ a check The papers were treated to the point of runshyoff Half of t he paper-s were aged oucdoor-s tacked under (4 x 8) sheets of masonite haI f were hs Ld inside the laboratory Norie were exposed to sunlight
Ten newly h~tchd sectYl)sy noth larvae were exposed to tar paper sheets at 10 day Lnte rval a iC)r the f i r s t lCO days of aging fo Llowing treatment This was achieve by pLacing +he paper in a cyl inrrricaL cardboard container wi th artificial di et lt J10rta1 ity readings were( made after 24 hours and L8 hours
Mortality Hr- JJarvae Exposed After Naterial Aged
Material ~___ to IvIaterial U)() Days 200 Das 260 Lays
DDT 50 vp Insil1Ff lGO 100 32 inside ~CJO 100 100
0Outside 100 jlt 20 UlI1sideuro- 100 100 100
Resmethrin Inside 24 28 (EC) Inside )-8 oP R4 I ~)
IJutfLfle 24 28 48 7)-
SBP-l Sl) 2L R(8C) Ll~middot
OJ 9C -I iOe
96
10 1f)C
bullbull II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
bullbull
I10rtality Hr La~Jae Exposed After Ha terial
laterial Aged to r1aterial 100 Days 200 Days 26C Daye
Phoxin Inside 24 100 98 100 (EC) IIlside 48 100 100 100
Outs i de 24 100 100 100 Outside La 100 100 100
Pyrenone Inside 2L+ 34 46 2 (EC) insLde 48 60 72 46
cdOutside --I~ 38 16 a Outside I+8 61~ +2 28
I1onitor Inside ~I lUO )eLf 78 (L
G~)(EC) 118 1)0 100 Outsids 2Li 66 46
ooOutside LiS i(JO z jLi
) I Check Inside - -t 5~middot 26 0 - j
Insid~ hB ~L gt+ 6 l)uttir~c 4 20 2 Cllt3ide- ~t~~ t ~ 1+0 6
Based on Laboratrrv rfsul tc lJresented in the IJst report a field test was started August 3 196 with Iop Job pine scent wax [ax remover Dimilin and fire ex t ingui shcr agent Ten egg masses are be ing treated each month from August 3 197C unt i I April 1 1977 Five masses are being covered wi th black building paper and S are being left exposed lhree dosages of each material are being usel along wi th a check
During April 1977 211 eggs will be col Lec ted and incubated in the labora-middot tory for hatch If hatch can hi pr2vented it may be possible to uae one or more of thlaquo materials as a treatment on tr_L18rs and RVs
To date 3 t reatments haveJeer made
On June 23 19761+ uate r i al s (Sevin (583 S8 [n-i~-il Orthene and Lrridan ) most generally used f Jr gypsy mot h control h~ sprayed -+0 the poi rrt of runshyoff on 110 acre plots us ing a back-pack mist~jL)1er Dosago s usee were same as rec()mmeIldw~ in ths APHIS recillatorJ rnanual
Every 3 day fo11ovrC9 tl(~atment rliage was c oll eo te d and Lioassaysd against 3ro instar Larvae 1fCt~middot~ 72 hour lrtality reading being mado After 9middot days treated foliag wal stiLl givirfL~_2[pound211eln mortalitx
q ~[ortality After Material L Days Ul Days lC s3[S _
Sevin 8)3
Sev-inmiddotmiddotL-Gil OrtbeEe Imidan Check 17
--
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II
bullbullbullbull
II
Project Number GM 616 Project Title Field Testing of Javenile Hormone Analogs for Ovicidal
Activity Report Period Anril 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Itterim Project Leaders Charles P Schwa2be A P Norris
The juvenile hormone analogs Al tozar lE and ZR-t19 SE have been reported as having ovicidal properties When gypsy moth 8fg nasses are deposited on recently treated surfaces hat chab iLi ty yf 8ggS is reduced ZR-619 also appears to inhibit female moths from layingjhriT full complement of eggs Compounds with these properties may be user1 fOT regulatory treatments
Boles of white and red oak trees -lere sprayed foe tho point of ruri-off with water emulsions of Altozar and ZR-619 at 8g1 Ireatsents were aged for 1 3 7 14 21 and 28 days before bioassay At tb~ end of each aging period S or more 3 day old mated female moths from f Le Ld collected pupae were imprisoned on each of S trees (total ()f 25 replicatestreatment) Ihere were 10 replicates (2 trees) for each control The female moths that deposited egg masses were recovered (generally after one day) placed in polyethylene bags and frOZet111D riI they could be dissected to determine the number of unl a i d eggs Egg masses wiI 1 be coJlscted from the treated and control surfaces during IlecembQr 1976 an~ tested for embryonation parasi tization and ha tchabiLt ty
Females from the 1 3 7 and 28 day exposure pe r i ous have been dissected and unlaid eggs counted The results are shovn by the accompanying tab Le Preliminarily it appears that with the excep ti on of the 1 day ZR-61) treatment there was no effect of treatment on the nurnbe r of eggs laid by female moths It is interesting to note that laboratoryreaTf3(J tno th s were useci for the 1 day ZR-6l9 trea tluent Dcotailed disCUSSJCiD 01 thesA data will be deferred until all ]~eSl--l ts OCl egg smbryona t i on parc~si_ t i zation and hatchability have been obtained
-26shy
-----------
middot-------_ bullbullbull _~ bullbull EGGS lJlI11AID EY FENALES EXPOSED TO TRUNKS pHEATED WITH ALTOZAR 4E lIJm ZRmiddot-619 SE
Q2Y2129ynd
Iiays Treatment
ampif_~i
Numbe-r of Used
_fre~ t Control
Females Recovered
Tle~t __CoDjl~_
Numbe-r Unlaid Eggs Total Average
1reaJ_Qonto L)~1Zs~J_-0ontro1
Al i008) ) E~
ZI -~ I~~ 19 ~I~~
I
J 36 c )
14 Ij(1
32 ~
1 f 1~Lr
13 123[3 7G34
380 1797
387 )36
271 138 ~)
A1 t ozar I
11-- S1 C] ~ --
3
3 L~O
50 16 T1-s 1shy
30 ~)8
If) 1 -Llt
1394 1519
619 - (1 I
J-~
L+65 5hJ
Lf 13 493
A1 t-IZ~lX )~r~
~~R-C ~L9 ~jE
i ~ r ~O
Igt ~ c
15 18
J- 39
11 1 I LL4
104)~ l1-rr
660 F3S5
J26 292
508 632
I ) -J
I
Al t 0 L~i C i~)
-~Ti lt(j1 r)
Altozar wE Z11-(19 SE
)Q
~
- ~)
- 1 j
LJ
25 27
3j
30
12 -
-ii
14 IS
2S ~) ~
25 2S
10 1U
11 J 2
805 sed
1059 1398
2L~6 r(0
JJSO 9
2 3)
Li24 5)9
25() 6
12~ 7 391
JfJrtttcry r~ared iEIalCs ant] m3Jl~ used aUJthers ere fr-om f iel d collected pupae
bullbull Project Number GM 622
bull Project Title Responses of ~Ble Gypsy Moths to Traps as AffecteC ~
the PeatE of Pheromone Release Report Period April I 1976 - Septe~ber 30 1976
bullbull
Report Type Errcer im Project Leaders Charles P Sch~Lb2 E C Paszek
Preliminary trapping experiments with disparlure indicated that attracti-veshyness is affected by the rJte at which the pheromone is released from the trap Large amount s of lure seemed 0 have an inhfb i torr or repellent effect ConfLrmatorv studies were planned in which multiples of Corrre Ic fibers would be used to bait standaTd delta traps in order to define the pheromone ls1ea8e rate at which maxinnna attradiveness 10 sul ted Such inshyformation would be 2xcPPdingly useful in pI(eparnf specifications for comshy
bull mercial production of progTam pheromone dispenpers Unfortunately certain difficulties vpre encYLmtered in developing a sound expemiddotrinental program and it was suggested that this work be carried out by scientists at the
bullPennsylvania Stat Uni ve r-si ty Freliminary date have been made available to us but we 8re unable to uti I izhen in this report
bullExperiments in tti- pr)j0ct aCil Cl conduc tcd in collaboration with the ARS Optically active enantiCnj2rs of cis-Jlrparhrre were generously made available by Dr NarU1n(j~ Nagoya Uruve r-s i vs Iagoya Japan The objective of the tests was to determine the attractiveness (or other biological
bull properties) of tIl optically active ~nantiomers of disparlure Similar experiments were conducted by scientists from Nlchigan State University and the New York and C~~1nectiut State Agricultural Experimerct Stations
bullbullThese tests weI c onduc tcd in a natural infestation in FaTl River State Porest ILl lraps gtJere baited wit[ cc t t on dentJ wicks to which had been applied the indicated amcunt s of ( ) and-) (-) disparlure Delta traps were used in all ttsts i)fj a 25 III grid pat tfJ~11 rh) numbe r- of malt motho captured gtl2S reeordec c regular LrrtsrvaLs
In one experim8~lt the attrac tivene ns of racemic d i apar-I ure was compared with that of (+) enarrti omar Ihe rssults of middotshi test are given in Table 1
Table I Number of moths captur-sd il trans middotcLti ted with varying amount s elf racemic and optically active Hsparlure
1 L
lCCJC
------------------__-----_ _--__------shy
II II These ltlata clearly reflect -gt0 superior attractancy of the (+) enarrt iore r
compared with that of racemic mate r i al Approximately 10 X more raoths were captured with 100 ug (+) disP8rlure than with an equal amount of racemic pheromone Unfor-tuna te Ly limited amounts of the enantiomers
II prohibited testing at dosages gTeater than 10C ug and therefore it is
II not known if greater dosages woull -Lead to repeLten t or inhibitory effects It should also be noted that the Jptically active material contained ca 66 of its an t i podo Hirhly puCified pbermiddot~Cwj~e would likely yield someshywhat different data Ih_u is the first rcpc--t of 3~ clear relationship beshytween dosage and r-e sponee wheIc n_creased ple romone concentration y-ields a corresponding increase in ruoth response
II In another test the inhLbi t ory properties ()f t1gt (-) s nant iomar- were quantified deti3rrninirlg tile at t ractivenes (~r var i cus ratios of (+) and (-) disparlure These lata a~e presented n Table I
bull Table II NWllber of riaLe mo trs captured in tIP -x1ited with various
t~r8rltiomer ra tios
bull ----- -~---_ I shy
ugtraJ ug -) per Average catch ( -I- ) -i- _----LQ_ llg ~~_ J2eL_tmiddotr~a=p _
9 jL o (I te 936 1 1 75 120
c99 _J j 3-68 63 I
bull J 00 ioo L+ 12 ~ ~I I ) 380 32
bull L159 59 ~ 08
As addi tiCmiddot] iJlCgt1EltS oi (-) middotnre tdded V_ ij CZS ccntaiuing 10 uij (+) a t tr-activene ss 22di~J jmiddotrc~8s-(~ dsmonc2at~E the Lnhib i tOIJ nature
Yn t he ( c-~ j bull_ 1 m n - v 11+ i (1 60L f th01 rllt~ - 11 ccuUCc JgO_Ll -l_~e au k bull t-_f- CO bullbull oa~ne I )0 0 v bull e
II bull ) - -- n -I- f- - ~ 1 s +--- +- bull - -- - f ( rl J l dOppOSle c_Dctl_bull )Eler hie e_ua ar tr-ac mvene so O~ + -LlSpar_Ure COU
Dot be ceteIlied ~~xt-aTJ)lation of the p]ttcCc data suggests that 9Cf~ (+) disp2rl1lle 1~Cl~_middot(J cap turv 15-~() t i mes a iafr ~ioths as TaGer-tic phero-shymane at tho 10 -cC -2vel
A rnore 6ta-iled -report i s cur-rentIy ceins- lYr-pT~P( JJ_C pub lication The manuacrLpt -middotimiddotL 1 c~ i ~11 uIsd ~ n tho nex t LacL8tcr_~ P~ IJort
Project Number GM 623 Project Title Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leader Charles P Schwalbe
There is no progress to report on this project A prototype apparatus is being assembled which will permit systematic evaluation of various collection substrates Recent papers report successful collection of airborn volatiles on Porapak Q and Molecular sieve If quantitative collection of disparlure from female moths is s11ccessful pheromone emission will be used as a standard for determining quality of insects mass reared under various conditions
I I I I I
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I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I
Project Number GM 626 Project Title Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leader Edward C Paszek
Tree Tanglefoot a natural product made from castor oil gum resins and vegetable wax was used as an adhesive for sJPSY moth traps for )6 years 1913-1969 It was replaced in 1970 with Tack Trap a synthetic plastic type adhesive (polyisobutylene) which was less costly and through field testing found to be more effective than Tree Tanglefoot in holding capshytured moths in a trap Tack Trap has gone up in price fr-om $0421b in 1970 to $130lb in 1976 A number of companies are marketing synthetic sticky compounds to protect trees from climbing insects and as bird reshypellants These compounds were compared with Tack Trap and Tree Tanglefoot to determine their effectiveness in holding ca~tured ~psy moths
8plusmn5 of the following six compounds were weighed and applied to approxishymately 286 cm2 of the interior surface area of Delta traps An aging study on 12 these open traps was conducted in the greenhouse at a tempshyerature range of 10degC to 32degC for 5) months (119-62376) A field bioassay was made on 71476 after 6 months of aging in a natural infestshyation followed by a laboratory bioassay 91676 after 8 months of aging
Table I Mean number of 6 Boths per trap after 1 hour field bioassay in heavy infestation 24 hour laboratory chamber bioassay with )00 released 6 moths
Field Laboratory
Tack Trap (new sample) 145 60 Bird Iang1efoot 120 90 Excelcide Bird Repellant 105 200 Tack Trap (old sample) t10 105 Stikem-Special Iree Tanglefoot
6S o r
14)1)
After 6 months of aging in open traps Tack Prap Bird Ianglefoot Excelshycide Bird Repellant and Stikem-Special held captur-ed native moths Tree Tanglefoot glazed over and was a poor adhesive When bioassayed Ln a laboratory chamber after 8 months oflging vri it released moths many moths entered and fLev out of the traps indcating that the adhe sive tend to dry out and stiffen after Long periods of aging
The remaining samples were stored folded flat on the shelf in a closed paper carton at room te~perature (approxi~ately 22C) B~th sets of traps were weighed after 6 weeks of aging (3176) to deterwiu8 weight loss of the adhesives due to voLat i Liza t i on of solvents
-ushy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
-32shy
bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II II II II
bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
-----
Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
- 34shy-
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
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II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
-shy
CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
I -v f)
I
10
bullbull C N
bull 0shy-It)---
C) ~
~ et
gtshy ~
-lt
l 1 o Li
u Clt bull z ~ l pH
V i) j
iJ2
~
1M
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0= I~U Z
I~~ 0 tx N U
Z ~
pound0 t
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Z
o o 0 o- 00 ~
031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
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Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
I I
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I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
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Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
I I I I
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Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
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I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
I
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-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
I
I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
I
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
II I I I
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I
Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
I
Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
bull I I
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
I I I
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I -62shy
tests is being done can begin as soon as
I
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
I
I I
-65shy
I
Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
I
I
I
I
I llEPEL-
I TIES
I
I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
I I
I
I
I
I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
-69shy
I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
J)----Cl c
~+~---IJ_ ~__
Via terial Company Dosage Instar Weather Aging Nortality TrGlt-e
VEL 3883 Velsi shy-1 col 10 lbga1A II -- )
05 1bga1A II 1 ~
II t--~025 1bgalA II 1 2 -012 1bga1A II 1 2 5
006 1bga1A II 1 0 c -Check II 0 )
irk continued with the new SevinID-4-oil formulation The viscos i ty o f ( formulations was tested
bullbullbullbullbull -12shy
The Tri toamp X-190 and Sevint-lt-cil formulation was field tested at
LO Ibs a i qt fA bull 0 uraquo Ell bull I qt I
025 lbs ai qt A
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbull-13shy
This formulation vlaS compar-ed tc SeviIi0-4-oil and kerosene at
10 Ibs ai40ozA0 Ibs aiatA
We are happy to rfport that Orthene-E 75S and Djm51iamp 25 Wp ve rc registered by the Uni ted States Environmental Protection Acncy for gJpsy moth use
Orthene 7SS
By a i r - 23 to 1 1L a i 2 qt H20A
hBy air - 003 to )06 lb a~ I i or 2 galA
The Ot_s laborltory and field rews played a grect part in the success of both mat8ria~81lt
__ltl- IjJSixteen gall ons ly)rthern red oak Jcmiddot-r118 were colI f~ted and stored in
cold storage
A totaI It --~ ~fL)13(ti(~i_l 88-~p~~~~s IT~jl1~ ~eCf~velt ~-()l ~~_8J)Clrato~rr and field tejts
Much of t ru s YCPO]tD peTioieJ STJmiddot~middott work i nr jYJ che field on experimental insecticide plats
A sui +able land-fill for the disposed cd emp ty onc~e( t ic ide containers was Loca t ed in Plainvi Ll Le ]Viaco lhis is about 6C i Les from Otis and is reshycommended by the Boston off i ce of Uni tec f372tes Environmental Protection Agency
Host Laboratory equipment-Ims packed ready for moving into the new building
I~etings
JIr HcLane gave talk 01 th Eftgt eetment made in 1(316 and demonstrated
ec davs in Hyat t svilLe H]) work i ng on apshy
bull
bull
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bull
bull bull
bull
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Project Number GN 612 Project Title 1976 Field Studhs of Differen~ E()rmulations of
IrlnuLin and Sevin-)-1--0il Report Period April 1 1976 September 30 1976 Report lype P t T TO lecmiddot LJeaGers
Interim Larrry L Herbaugh w H l1cLane C H Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Each year f or the past 3 generation3 the gypsy moth Lymantri8 dispar (L) bas defci Latori thouaands of ac re s of forested Land in t he northeast Because of tht s investigations bTe corrt inual l y be i ng carried out to evaluate new materies and new fITfillations of current registpred ~ateria18
IVlaterlaJs and Methods In 1970 the following rnat0rial~ and fo rmula tions were tested for gypsy moth con t r o l DimiLin op Dilli1in 3middot~ Gil keroser18 Dimilj~rl j middot3 oil + TlitolJ X-190 + water Se~Tin-J-(Jil + kerosene arid Se-rJin-Lt-oil t- TLampt ton xmiddot~ l~)() + JcLtE-r Each ell the maLer-La~_S va s aerially applied to 50 acre plots Hi 3 replicates for ov aLua t i on Table I gives the details on chemical concentration and application rate
IabLs I Details of 19c6 formula t i (lUS field tested
-------------__------------Cllemical Concent ra t ion
and I1a tcrial APl21 Leat_ign Ra te- __ __ _Eerm~middotdlts ___ _
9DVcd a t less than 7) iage expansion
L~_l I in and wateY--ltL
GO scicker added
DimiLin 3 j oil ( 1 1b c 1 AU bull jJ - ct1 oct fl Keroaerie+ KerOS(~rle
I)rrlilirl 3 3 ~)il
-+- Tr5_tor )-19D1- r 3 lb ai gaJI~
water
Se-r]] fl-4-0il + ) SJ Cl IA ~6 middotJZ K81~GSe~ne
Kero serle 10 lb J_~ o~A 8 07 ~Kt-~-cosene
bull ~)~ vin -J i-Cil i -~
bull Se ~i ~L( Lt- 0 i 1
bull11 r X-190
wa teT
bull
bull
Plot Establishrnent TLe test plots were established Ln an area adjacent to the 1975 study area in Clinton COill1ty Peru1sylvania This area met the following requirements (l) a building population in whi ch there had been no Bore than 1 years noticeable defoliation prior to the test year (2) a readily measureabJe population of egg masses and (3) a predominance of preferred host trees (oaks)
Each So acre square plot was laid out by establishing an accessible base corner and plotting boundary lines along compass headings Harkers were placed at 811 four corners for aircraft guidance Within each 50 acre plot 5 s~bplots (01 acre) or sampling units were randomly established These subplots were representative of the entire plot and served as samplshying points throughout the experiment Sampling points were similarly e s tab l i shec in untreated check areas to measure natural ccndi tions
Application The application schedule was de s i gned so that material was to be applied when the majority of the larvae were in the late second inshystar stage and the oak foliage was 50-75 expanded One exception to this was the early treatment of Ililllilin that was applied at early 1st instar when oak foliage was less than ~~ expanded
NatErials were mixed and transferred into the aircraft with conventional equipment (mixing tank pumps hoses measuring devices and necessary safety equipment) All niXing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between each treatment to avoid adulteration Radio communications were maintained be tween the ground conditions of wind velocity and materials dispersement
All plots W8T8 treated wi th a Ces~ma Ag Truck al rcraff e quippe d wi th a hydraulic 3rven 2wpellr pump arid 2 converrt i onai STJT3y system (see Table II) The airplane disperse- the craterial lliS fxd- 3wa-ths at ])1 mph as near to tree top level as po ss Lb l e wi th 5 fTcurcl -ird velocity of less than 5 mph
-15shy
bull 1
bullbull bullbullbullbullbull
------- ------gt-_-------------- shy
I1aterial Noz zl e s Orifice
Di miLi n 2 middotIP 006 It d t falA (eal12l) D8-L5 Q
006 10 2j lsd11A DP-middothS Dd-L[r C006 Ib aigallA
J)imillc J 3 (~1 +
Kerosene 003 it Dlqt 80C2FF
Dimilin 1 ~ 0j J
Tli ton X-I + water
8002FF
05 lb aiqt C~~ 2f ~1
iraquo 1b 3iL_ ozA
o 5 ib middot--1 L
10 Lb 8iL-O D002FF
-Evalll~_tior~ ~~~~)~-h ~--Tn~ZIJ8n t J(~~~ emiddot~Ll1at(-a r~(l1Tl the s tandpo trrt of fo lLage protec t i or -ti16 TC [)J-L t -1 crj T~dJ lt middott~ t
tClt)[[l li~LlfiJ 0stJIuates of t~e deg-ree of I rLo t s a t the termination of larval
) f-L CL[ ~ ~ C~-j Lnl rL~~
CC)Lj]gtajng f~_vJ -- ru t C 3 ~ T j 11~
arI~ pl o C5 b~i prl i ~cd p- I Spmiddotrciy JJ -~~LLtl the ex ~ept~---~~ TLrrli~lL ) ~1 all
7shy k( I~C Smiddot- rlE~ _gti~ ~~ - t -) X-19 1 ) -I 12-(middotmiddot-shy ~L~~- ~)l~j_l-in WF
gtrhi c h ~[c -~1 (~ n( -t~ ~I()X ina te ~Y r~ Ii ~~V 1 tf-~r trea tmsnt
(middot~middotf-_lmiddotmiddotl
)JJ
bullbull
ConoIus ion i PT~~i i nunarv data S11~)W tha t all formuLa r ions o r rljiti~l 8JG
Sevin-L-oLl + kcrosble rave (~xce~_ ent results in larval reductJon FrLlbullegg mass vcount L ~ hi macJe +0 Cetenline i this conoi tion continues to hold true
bull One nitial -()nI~ 1~~-)_~2- th_L~ 3~hOv1=~ oxceLlent po ten LLaI is the fact tIlat DimiLi rs - c P JbfcYi appl ie_l at H20 f viJ E le S8 than S oak f()l~_~tge ~-~(lDsicr~ gave g~o)d f- LJ~~(- p-otmiddotciinl and r-uced l arval actishy
bull v ty rl1~aj1~-~1tly ltbullbull T=~ LY 10 )C
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- II II II -shyAfl~U1GE COUNT
10 +shy 0 cc o o o o
~ ~- coe DinuLln 25 wP (early) 06 IbgallA
~~ Dimilin 25 vIP (normal) 06 Ib2 qtA
fojf-
~ I-j CD
~~-~~X~~~~-~~~-~~~~bull
Sevin-4-oil - Kerosene 1 Ib40 ozA
Dirnilln 33 oil - TXl90shy ~CJter 03 IbqtA
Dimilin 33 oil - Kerosene 03 IbqtA
l1 1 CD I
(fJ
0 f-j
~
~ ~ ~
10 1--3 CD r p g c+ CD
f-J p1
~ ~
~~
~~
~~~
lmiddotmiddot 1 IXlt)0 ir t ~ hI + rJeJln-+-OT - - Wo el bullJ UfIi
D middot J tro 06 Ib ~ Ianui rn ~ vvr- gaL li
Sevin I J K~Yr c-nIle lt Ibq+ r0t l-+-j _~L - u gtJ bull 1 - _J bull vi l
~d
o to c+ bullto
d - ~
I
m c+ I-jf-J
~ o o
~ (fJ
~~ Sevin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water 1 Ib) OZA
~~~ Sevirl--4-oil - Txl90 - Water 25 IbqtA
I -- (X)
I
~)t)~ E Untreated Ch8Cks
-bullbull Ptlo~SNI tuLIIGF f3fiE-1IlN
tV Jgt 0shy co o o o o o o
061bgalA D-lmilin 25 WP (early)
I - I Iebull uO J-o I~ erG i1 JimHin 25 wP (normal) I-rj
j-J
o~ f-J (1)
Sevin-4-oil - Kero sene I--~ Ib40 ozA I-rj ll 0 UJ I-
~h 0 lbmiddot(jmiddott gt - 11 DirJlin 33 oil - TXl90 - Water I-- p1 CD UJ CD UJ
rI-~ Diu-Uin 33 oiI - Ke ro ~ene 00Obull 3 1(1 qt 1-
sect co
f-- c+ OJ-J ampl 0
~evin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water bull l51bqtA
lJ f-J CD
DiJ1lilin 25 l-lP I06 IbgalA to
1j f-J Pl
lti
51bqtA _ Sevin-L~-oil - Kero sene pD H o I-- j-J
-o
p c+~ Ib40 OZA _ Sevin-L-oil - TXl90 - Water f-J
~
25 IbqtA Selin-4-oil - TX1-90 - ltIater
Untreated Checks I
f- -0
I
I I II II III I
II II II II
-
Project Number GM 613 Project Title Field Testing of Ground Applied Insecticides Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Larry L Herbaugh W H McLane C R Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Experimental use permits were received from EPA in early June 1976 for testing Orthene 75S Imidanreg 50 Wp Sevi~) 80S In addishytion to the above Sevin-4-oil with water and NTN 9306 were tested
One-acre plots were established in the Bald Eagle State Forest lands in Centre and Clinton Counties Pennsylvania These plots contained a measureshyable population of gypsy moth eggs and were located in heavily wooded areas representative of campground situations
These plots were established so that they were ca 200 feet square with a small dirt road dividing them Within each one-acre plot two subplots or sampling units were established Each of these illlits comprised 140 of an acre and was placed on each side of the road These 140 acre sampling units were used for all evaluations throughout the program
Application Only a small quantity of materials were needed for application Because of this materials were mixed on site using conventior~l mixing equipment and a nurse tank for a water supply All mixing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between treatments to avoid any adultershya tion
The materials were applied with a John Bean Mist Blower mounted on a 1-12 ton 4-wheel drive truck at the following rates
25 Ib a ir gal H20A
50 lb ai5 gal H20A Orthene 75S 10 It ai5 gal H20A Imidan So Wp 15 Ib ailS gal H20A and Sevin 80S 20 Ib ailS gal H2OA
3S Ib ai5 gal H2OA
Each of these dosages was replicated 3 times for each material
125 Ib ailS gal H20ANTN 9J06 50 Ib ai5 gal H20A
Sevin-4-oil and 20 Ib ailS gal H20A T X-190 + water 35 Ib ailS gal H20A
Evaluation Each treatment was evaluated from the standpoint of percent foliage protection larvae reduction using a 15 foot string count and egg massesacre reduction Tht latter data is not yet available at this vrriting
Foliage protection and larvae reduction are shown in the following table
-20shy
II - II - II II II II II II II - - II II -- shy -Foliage Average Larval String Counts
Material Dosage Protection Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment l 25 Ib ai5 gallA L~9 5 20 46 50 Ib ai5 gallA 667 25 22
10 lb ai5 gallA 854 30 20Imidan 50 wp 15 lb ai5 gallA 580 18 33
20 Ib ai5 gallA 565 2S 16 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 420 33 14
Check - 3middotS 19 8
1O25 Ib ai5 gallA -LL bull 5 26 5 So Ib ailS gallA 620 22 2
10 Ib ailS gallA 43middotS 23 2Sevin 80S 15 Ib ailS gallA 55S 22 1
20 Ib ailS gallA 827 26 1 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 894 2S S
Check - So 42 40
2S Ib ai5 gallA 800 29 6
50 lb ailS gallA 911-1 25 3 10 Ib ailS gallA SlLtO 26 2
NI Orthene 7SS ~J
15 Ib ailS gallA 9)-1-0 29 0 I 20 Ib ailS gallA 940 22 0
35 Ib ai5 gallA 940 19 0 Check - 7S 48 Sl
Sevin-4-oil + 20 1b ailS gallA 770 39 6 T X-190 + H2O 35 Ib ai5 gallA 870 3S 9
12S Ib ailS gallA 750 15 1NTH 9306 5 Ib ailS gallA 730 IS 2
oCheck - 20 10j
l Post-treatment readings based on 5th day after treatment
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Conclusion Initial results show that Imidan~ 50 Wp gave ca 5~o folia~~ protection and ca 16 larval reduction at the 3 higher dosages
SevillE 80S gave ca 76 foliage protection and ca 99 reduction in larval activity at the 3 higher dosages
Orthenereg 758 gave ca 94 foliage protection and ca 100 larval control at the 3 higher dosages
In comparison the two new formulations of Sevin-4-oil and T X-190 and H20 and NTN 9306 gave ca 8~o and 74 foliage protection respectively and ca 78 and 87 reduction in larval activity respectively
Data in the following table indicate that Orthene0) 758 and Sevi~ 80S will give the greatest degree of foliage protection as well as reducing larval activity on a 15 foot string count
-22shy
bullbull I)
I)
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I)
bullbullbullbullbull II II I)
II I)
II I)
Project Number GM 614 Proj8ct Title Evaluation of Pesticides for Browntail Moth Report Period April 1 1976 - September 31 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
The primary objective of this p~oject is to screen candidate materials against the browntail moth
Orthene reg was the only material tested against brown tail larvae
Dosage Instar 110rtali ty Days
After Treatment
1 IbaigalA II 92 2 05 IbaigalA II 100 2 025 IbaigalA II 96 2 012 IbaigalA II 90 2 006lbaigalA II 98 2 Check II loS 2
Mr McLane Mr Stockbridge Mr Stelle Mr Mosley and Mr Cartier met with Cape Cod National Seashore personnel to discuss future broNQtail work on the Cape A 5 year program was proposed as a result of the meeting and phone conversations vi th the Department of Interior and APHIS personnel
1976 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil ground plots with Sevin 80S
1977 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil Pyrethrin and Dimilin
1978 Select the most promising from the ones experimentally tested in 1976 and 1977 treat the entire infestation on Cape Cod using aircraft backpacks and mistblowers
1979 Clean up any infestation left
1980 Clean up any infestation left
However after a meeting wi th the Seashore Advisory Committee park super-shyintendent Hadley made a decision that no spraying should be done Q~til
the committee was informed of our plans and their approval was obtained To date this meeting has not come about
Meetings
Area I Managerial Meeting Hartford Corill Mr McLane gave a talk on the proposed 5 year broivntai1 moth program for Cape Cod Mass
Mr McLane met with Mr J KilIan Chief Environmentalist for the Cape Cod National Seashore to discuss the brovrrtaiL problem at the Seashore
-23shy
bullbullbullbull II II
bull II II II II
bullbullbullbullbull
Project Number (~riI 6l5 Project Title Regulatory Treatments (Laboratory - Field) Report Period AfrE 1 1976 - September W 1976 Report TJpe Irl tertIa Project Leaders Winfred H McLane L Ii Herbaugh J A Einney
The lack of effective treatment methods fer recreational vehicles and mobile homes is a major dficipncy Ll the APHIS Gypsy Hath regulatory program Slt1xpcIimentcl laboratory and field tests are conducted to develop improved techniques for cP2ling iii tt thi s and other r811atory problems
On December 191175 a residue test I2S s tartlaquo Nt) 7 irs(~ctiGiles Tvo hundr-ed tar paper squares (6 x 6) each were treated with insectjcide using amp c 5 It aita1 soLut i on SevfTI insecticideswere tested with 1 set of tar paper used fUJ a check The papers were treated to the point of runshyoff Half of t he paper-s were aged oucdoor-s tacked under (4 x 8) sheets of masonite haI f were hs Ld inside the laboratory Norie were exposed to sunlight
Ten newly h~tchd sectYl)sy noth larvae were exposed to tar paper sheets at 10 day Lnte rval a iC)r the f i r s t lCO days of aging fo Llowing treatment This was achieve by pLacing +he paper in a cyl inrrricaL cardboard container wi th artificial di et lt J10rta1 ity readings were( made after 24 hours and L8 hours
Mortality Hr- JJarvae Exposed After Naterial Aged
Material ~___ to IvIaterial U)() Days 200 Das 260 Lays
DDT 50 vp Insil1Ff lGO 100 32 inside ~CJO 100 100
0Outside 100 jlt 20 UlI1sideuro- 100 100 100
Resmethrin Inside 24 28 (EC) Inside )-8 oP R4 I ~)
IJutfLfle 24 28 48 7)-
SBP-l Sl) 2L R(8C) Ll~middot
OJ 9C -I iOe
96
10 1f)C
bullbull II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
bullbull
I10rtality Hr La~Jae Exposed After Ha terial
laterial Aged to r1aterial 100 Days 200 Days 26C Daye
Phoxin Inside 24 100 98 100 (EC) IIlside 48 100 100 100
Outs i de 24 100 100 100 Outside La 100 100 100
Pyrenone Inside 2L+ 34 46 2 (EC) insLde 48 60 72 46
cdOutside --I~ 38 16 a Outside I+8 61~ +2 28
I1onitor Inside ~I lUO )eLf 78 (L
G~)(EC) 118 1)0 100 Outsids 2Li 66 46
ooOutside LiS i(JO z jLi
) I Check Inside - -t 5~middot 26 0 - j
Insid~ hB ~L gt+ 6 l)uttir~c 4 20 2 Cllt3ide- ~t~~ t ~ 1+0 6
Based on Laboratrrv rfsul tc lJresented in the IJst report a field test was started August 3 196 with Iop Job pine scent wax [ax remover Dimilin and fire ex t ingui shcr agent Ten egg masses are be ing treated each month from August 3 197C unt i I April 1 1977 Five masses are being covered wi th black building paper and S are being left exposed lhree dosages of each material are being usel along wi th a check
During April 1977 211 eggs will be col Lec ted and incubated in the labora-middot tory for hatch If hatch can hi pr2vented it may be possible to uae one or more of thlaquo materials as a treatment on tr_L18rs and RVs
To date 3 t reatments haveJeer made
On June 23 19761+ uate r i al s (Sevin (583 S8 [n-i~-il Orthene and Lrridan ) most generally used f Jr gypsy mot h control h~ sprayed -+0 the poi rrt of runshyoff on 110 acre plots us ing a back-pack mist~jL)1er Dosago s usee were same as rec()mmeIldw~ in ths APHIS recillatorJ rnanual
Every 3 day fo11ovrC9 tl(~atment rliage was c oll eo te d and Lioassaysd against 3ro instar Larvae 1fCt~middot~ 72 hour lrtality reading being mado After 9middot days treated foliag wal stiLl givirfL~_2[pound211eln mortalitx
q ~[ortality After Material L Days Ul Days lC s3[S _
Sevin 8)3
Sev-inmiddotmiddotL-Gil OrtbeEe Imidan Check 17
--
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II
bullbullbullbull
II
Project Number GM 616 Project Title Field Testing of Javenile Hormone Analogs for Ovicidal
Activity Report Period Anril 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Itterim Project Leaders Charles P Schwa2be A P Norris
The juvenile hormone analogs Al tozar lE and ZR-t19 SE have been reported as having ovicidal properties When gypsy moth 8fg nasses are deposited on recently treated surfaces hat chab iLi ty yf 8ggS is reduced ZR-619 also appears to inhibit female moths from layingjhriT full complement of eggs Compounds with these properties may be user1 fOT regulatory treatments
Boles of white and red oak trees -lere sprayed foe tho point of ruri-off with water emulsions of Altozar and ZR-619 at 8g1 Ireatsents were aged for 1 3 7 14 21 and 28 days before bioassay At tb~ end of each aging period S or more 3 day old mated female moths from f Le Ld collected pupae were imprisoned on each of S trees (total ()f 25 replicatestreatment) Ihere were 10 replicates (2 trees) for each control The female moths that deposited egg masses were recovered (generally after one day) placed in polyethylene bags and frOZet111D riI they could be dissected to determine the number of unl a i d eggs Egg masses wiI 1 be coJlscted from the treated and control surfaces during IlecembQr 1976 an~ tested for embryonation parasi tization and ha tchabiLt ty
Females from the 1 3 7 and 28 day exposure pe r i ous have been dissected and unlaid eggs counted The results are shovn by the accompanying tab Le Preliminarily it appears that with the excep ti on of the 1 day ZR-61) treatment there was no effect of treatment on the nurnbe r of eggs laid by female moths It is interesting to note that laboratoryreaTf3(J tno th s were useci for the 1 day ZR-6l9 trea tluent Dcotailed disCUSSJCiD 01 thesA data will be deferred until all ]~eSl--l ts OCl egg smbryona t i on parc~si_ t i zation and hatchability have been obtained
-26shy
-----------
middot-------_ bullbullbull _~ bullbull EGGS lJlI11AID EY FENALES EXPOSED TO TRUNKS pHEATED WITH ALTOZAR 4E lIJm ZRmiddot-619 SE
Q2Y2129ynd
Iiays Treatment
ampif_~i
Numbe-r of Used
_fre~ t Control
Females Recovered
Tle~t __CoDjl~_
Numbe-r Unlaid Eggs Total Average
1reaJ_Qonto L)~1Zs~J_-0ontro1
Al i008) ) E~
ZI -~ I~~ 19 ~I~~
I
J 36 c )
14 Ij(1
32 ~
1 f 1~Lr
13 123[3 7G34
380 1797
387 )36
271 138 ~)
A1 t ozar I
11-- S1 C] ~ --
3
3 L~O
50 16 T1-s 1shy
30 ~)8
If) 1 -Llt
1394 1519
619 - (1 I
J-~
L+65 5hJ
Lf 13 493
A1 t-IZ~lX )~r~
~~R-C ~L9 ~jE
i ~ r ~O
Igt ~ c
15 18
J- 39
11 1 I LL4
104)~ l1-rr
660 F3S5
J26 292
508 632
I ) -J
I
Al t 0 L~i C i~)
-~Ti lt(j1 r)
Altozar wE Z11-(19 SE
)Q
~
- ~)
- 1 j
LJ
25 27
3j
30
12 -
-ii
14 IS
2S ~) ~
25 2S
10 1U
11 J 2
805 sed
1059 1398
2L~6 r(0
JJSO 9
2 3)
Li24 5)9
25() 6
12~ 7 391
JfJrtttcry r~ared iEIalCs ant] m3Jl~ used aUJthers ere fr-om f iel d collected pupae
bullbull Project Number GM 622
bull Project Title Responses of ~Ble Gypsy Moths to Traps as AffecteC ~
the PeatE of Pheromone Release Report Period April I 1976 - Septe~ber 30 1976
bullbull
Report Type Errcer im Project Leaders Charles P Sch~Lb2 E C Paszek
Preliminary trapping experiments with disparlure indicated that attracti-veshyness is affected by the rJte at which the pheromone is released from the trap Large amount s of lure seemed 0 have an inhfb i torr or repellent effect ConfLrmatorv studies were planned in which multiples of Corrre Ic fibers would be used to bait standaTd delta traps in order to define the pheromone ls1ea8e rate at which maxinnna attradiveness 10 sul ted Such inshyformation would be 2xcPPdingly useful in pI(eparnf specifications for comshy
bull mercial production of progTam pheromone dispenpers Unfortunately certain difficulties vpre encYLmtered in developing a sound expemiddotrinental program and it was suggested that this work be carried out by scientists at the
bullPennsylvania Stat Uni ve r-si ty Freliminary date have been made available to us but we 8re unable to uti I izhen in this report
bullExperiments in tti- pr)j0ct aCil Cl conduc tcd in collaboration with the ARS Optically active enantiCnj2rs of cis-Jlrparhrre were generously made available by Dr NarU1n(j~ Nagoya Uruve r-s i vs Iagoya Japan The objective of the tests was to determine the attractiveness (or other biological
bull properties) of tIl optically active ~nantiomers of disparlure Similar experiments were conducted by scientists from Nlchigan State University and the New York and C~~1nectiut State Agricultural Experimerct Stations
bullbullThese tests weI c onduc tcd in a natural infestation in FaTl River State Porest ILl lraps gtJere baited wit[ cc t t on dentJ wicks to which had been applied the indicated amcunt s of ( ) and-) (-) disparlure Delta traps were used in all ttsts i)fj a 25 III grid pat tfJ~11 rh) numbe r- of malt motho captured gtl2S reeordec c regular LrrtsrvaLs
In one experim8~lt the attrac tivene ns of racemic d i apar-I ure was compared with that of (+) enarrti omar Ihe rssults of middotshi test are given in Table 1
Table I Number of moths captur-sd il trans middotcLti ted with varying amount s elf racemic and optically active Hsparlure
1 L
lCCJC
------------------__-----_ _--__------shy
II II These ltlata clearly reflect -gt0 superior attractancy of the (+) enarrt iore r
compared with that of racemic mate r i al Approximately 10 X more raoths were captured with 100 ug (+) disP8rlure than with an equal amount of racemic pheromone Unfor-tuna te Ly limited amounts of the enantiomers
II prohibited testing at dosages gTeater than 10C ug and therefore it is
II not known if greater dosages woull -Lead to repeLten t or inhibitory effects It should also be noted that the Jptically active material contained ca 66 of its an t i podo Hirhly puCified pbermiddot~Cwj~e would likely yield someshywhat different data Ih_u is the first rcpc--t of 3~ clear relationship beshytween dosage and r-e sponee wheIc n_creased ple romone concentration y-ields a corresponding increase in ruoth response
II In another test the inhLbi t ory properties ()f t1gt (-) s nant iomar- were quantified deti3rrninirlg tile at t ractivenes (~r var i cus ratios of (+) and (-) disparlure These lata a~e presented n Table I
bull Table II NWllber of riaLe mo trs captured in tIP -x1ited with various
t~r8rltiomer ra tios
bull ----- -~---_ I shy
ugtraJ ug -) per Average catch ( -I- ) -i- _----LQ_ llg ~~_ J2eL_tmiddotr~a=p _
9 jL o (I te 936 1 1 75 120
c99 _J j 3-68 63 I
bull J 00 ioo L+ 12 ~ ~I I ) 380 32
bull L159 59 ~ 08
As addi tiCmiddot] iJlCgt1EltS oi (-) middotnre tdded V_ ij CZS ccntaiuing 10 uij (+) a t tr-activene ss 22di~J jmiddotrc~8s-(~ dsmonc2at~E the Lnhib i tOIJ nature
Yn t he ( c-~ j bull_ 1 m n - v 11+ i (1 60L f th01 rllt~ - 11 ccuUCc JgO_Ll -l_~e au k bull t-_f- CO bullbull oa~ne I )0 0 v bull e
II bull ) - -- n -I- f- - ~ 1 s +--- +- bull - -- - f ( rl J l dOppOSle c_Dctl_bull )Eler hie e_ua ar tr-ac mvene so O~ + -LlSpar_Ure COU
Dot be ceteIlied ~~xt-aTJ)lation of the p]ttcCc data suggests that 9Cf~ (+) disp2rl1lle 1~Cl~_middot(J cap turv 15-~() t i mes a iafr ~ioths as TaGer-tic phero-shymane at tho 10 -cC -2vel
A rnore 6ta-iled -report i s cur-rentIy ceins- lYr-pT~P( JJ_C pub lication The manuacrLpt -middotimiddotL 1 c~ i ~11 uIsd ~ n tho nex t LacL8tcr_~ P~ IJort
Project Number GM 623 Project Title Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leader Charles P Schwalbe
There is no progress to report on this project A prototype apparatus is being assembled which will permit systematic evaluation of various collection substrates Recent papers report successful collection of airborn volatiles on Porapak Q and Molecular sieve If quantitative collection of disparlure from female moths is s11ccessful pheromone emission will be used as a standard for determining quality of insects mass reared under various conditions
I I I I I
-30shy
I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I
Project Number GM 626 Project Title Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leader Edward C Paszek
Tree Tanglefoot a natural product made from castor oil gum resins and vegetable wax was used as an adhesive for sJPSY moth traps for )6 years 1913-1969 It was replaced in 1970 with Tack Trap a synthetic plastic type adhesive (polyisobutylene) which was less costly and through field testing found to be more effective than Tree Tanglefoot in holding capshytured moths in a trap Tack Trap has gone up in price fr-om $0421b in 1970 to $130lb in 1976 A number of companies are marketing synthetic sticky compounds to protect trees from climbing insects and as bird reshypellants These compounds were compared with Tack Trap and Tree Tanglefoot to determine their effectiveness in holding ca~tured ~psy moths
8plusmn5 of the following six compounds were weighed and applied to approxishymately 286 cm2 of the interior surface area of Delta traps An aging study on 12 these open traps was conducted in the greenhouse at a tempshyerature range of 10degC to 32degC for 5) months (119-62376) A field bioassay was made on 71476 after 6 months of aging in a natural infestshyation followed by a laboratory bioassay 91676 after 8 months of aging
Table I Mean number of 6 Boths per trap after 1 hour field bioassay in heavy infestation 24 hour laboratory chamber bioassay with )00 released 6 moths
Field Laboratory
Tack Trap (new sample) 145 60 Bird Iang1efoot 120 90 Excelcide Bird Repellant 105 200 Tack Trap (old sample) t10 105 Stikem-Special Iree Tanglefoot
6S o r
14)1)
After 6 months of aging in open traps Tack Prap Bird Ianglefoot Excelshycide Bird Repellant and Stikem-Special held captur-ed native moths Tree Tanglefoot glazed over and was a poor adhesive When bioassayed Ln a laboratory chamber after 8 months oflging vri it released moths many moths entered and fLev out of the traps indcating that the adhe sive tend to dry out and stiffen after Long periods of aging
The remaining samples were stored folded flat on the shelf in a closed paper carton at room te~perature (approxi~ately 22C) B~th sets of traps were weighed after 6 weeks of aging (3176) to deterwiu8 weight loss of the adhesives due to voLat i Liza t i on of solvents
-ushy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
-32shy
bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II II II II
bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
-----
Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
- 34shy-
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
-35shy
II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
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CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
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I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
-49shy
I I
Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
I I
-50shy
I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
I I I I I I I
Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
I I I I
I II
I I
I I
Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
I
I
I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
I
I I I I I I I
-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
I
I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
I
I
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I
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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-------------------shy 111
--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
bull I I
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
I
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
I
I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
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- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
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The Tri toamp X-190 and Sevint-lt-cil formulation was field tested at
LO Ibs a i qt fA bull 0 uraquo Ell bull I qt I
025 lbs ai qt A
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbull-13shy
This formulation vlaS compar-ed tc SeviIi0-4-oil and kerosene at
10 Ibs ai40ozA0 Ibs aiatA
We are happy to rfport that Orthene-E 75S and Djm51iamp 25 Wp ve rc registered by the Uni ted States Environmental Protection Acncy for gJpsy moth use
Orthene 7SS
By a i r - 23 to 1 1L a i 2 qt H20A
hBy air - 003 to )06 lb a~ I i or 2 galA
The Ot_s laborltory and field rews played a grect part in the success of both mat8ria~81lt
__ltl- IjJSixteen gall ons ly)rthern red oak Jcmiddot-r118 were colI f~ted and stored in
cold storage
A totaI It --~ ~fL)13(ti(~i_l 88-~p~~~~s IT~jl1~ ~eCf~velt ~-()l ~~_8J)Clrato~rr and field tejts
Much of t ru s YCPO]tD peTioieJ STJmiddot~middott work i nr jYJ che field on experimental insecticide plats
A sui +able land-fill for the disposed cd emp ty onc~e( t ic ide containers was Loca t ed in Plainvi Ll Le ]Viaco lhis is about 6C i Les from Otis and is reshycommended by the Boston off i ce of Uni tec f372tes Environmental Protection Agency
Host Laboratory equipment-Ims packed ready for moving into the new building
I~etings
JIr HcLane gave talk 01 th Eftgt eetment made in 1(316 and demonstrated
ec davs in Hyat t svilLe H]) work i ng on apshy
bull
bull
bull
bullbull
bull
bull
bull bull
bull
bull
bullbullbull
Project Number GN 612 Project Title 1976 Field Studhs of Differen~ E()rmulations of
IrlnuLin and Sevin-)-1--0il Report Period April 1 1976 September 30 1976 Report lype P t T TO lecmiddot LJeaGers
Interim Larrry L Herbaugh w H l1cLane C H Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Each year f or the past 3 generation3 the gypsy moth Lymantri8 dispar (L) bas defci Latori thouaands of ac re s of forested Land in t he northeast Because of tht s investigations bTe corrt inual l y be i ng carried out to evaluate new materies and new fITfillations of current registpred ~ateria18
IVlaterlaJs and Methods In 1970 the following rnat0rial~ and fo rmula tions were tested for gypsy moth con t r o l DimiLin op Dilli1in 3middot~ Gil keroser18 Dimilj~rl j middot3 oil + TlitolJ X-190 + water Se~Tin-J-(Jil + kerosene arid Se-rJin-Lt-oil t- TLampt ton xmiddot~ l~)() + JcLtE-r Each ell the maLer-La~_S va s aerially applied to 50 acre plots Hi 3 replicates for ov aLua t i on Table I gives the details on chemical concentration and application rate
IabLs I Details of 19c6 formula t i (lUS field tested
-------------__------------Cllemical Concent ra t ion
and I1a tcrial APl21 Leat_ign Ra te- __ __ _Eerm~middotdlts ___ _
9DVcd a t less than 7) iage expansion
L~_l I in and wateY--ltL
GO scicker added
DimiLin 3 j oil ( 1 1b c 1 AU bull jJ - ct1 oct fl Keroaerie+ KerOS(~rle
I)rrlilirl 3 3 ~)il
-+- Tr5_tor )-19D1- r 3 lb ai gaJI~
water
Se-r]] fl-4-0il + ) SJ Cl IA ~6 middotJZ K81~GSe~ne
Kero serle 10 lb J_~ o~A 8 07 ~Kt-~-cosene
bull ~)~ vin -J i-Cil i -~
bull Se ~i ~L( Lt- 0 i 1
bull11 r X-190
wa teT
bull
bull
Plot Establishrnent TLe test plots were established Ln an area adjacent to the 1975 study area in Clinton COill1ty Peru1sylvania This area met the following requirements (l) a building population in whi ch there had been no Bore than 1 years noticeable defoliation prior to the test year (2) a readily measureabJe population of egg masses and (3) a predominance of preferred host trees (oaks)
Each So acre square plot was laid out by establishing an accessible base corner and plotting boundary lines along compass headings Harkers were placed at 811 four corners for aircraft guidance Within each 50 acre plot 5 s~bplots (01 acre) or sampling units were randomly established These subplots were representative of the entire plot and served as samplshying points throughout the experiment Sampling points were similarly e s tab l i shec in untreated check areas to measure natural ccndi tions
Application The application schedule was de s i gned so that material was to be applied when the majority of the larvae were in the late second inshystar stage and the oak foliage was 50-75 expanded One exception to this was the early treatment of Ililllilin that was applied at early 1st instar when oak foliage was less than ~~ expanded
NatErials were mixed and transferred into the aircraft with conventional equipment (mixing tank pumps hoses measuring devices and necessary safety equipment) All niXing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between each treatment to avoid adulteration Radio communications were maintained be tween the ground conditions of wind velocity and materials dispersement
All plots W8T8 treated wi th a Ces~ma Ag Truck al rcraff e quippe d wi th a hydraulic 3rven 2wpellr pump arid 2 converrt i onai STJT3y system (see Table II) The airplane disperse- the craterial lliS fxd- 3wa-ths at ])1 mph as near to tree top level as po ss Lb l e wi th 5 fTcurcl -ird velocity of less than 5 mph
-15shy
bull 1
bullbull bullbullbullbullbull
------- ------gt-_-------------- shy
I1aterial Noz zl e s Orifice
Di miLi n 2 middotIP 006 It d t falA (eal12l) D8-L5 Q
006 10 2j lsd11A DP-middothS Dd-L[r C006 Ib aigallA
J)imillc J 3 (~1 +
Kerosene 003 it Dlqt 80C2FF
Dimilin 1 ~ 0j J
Tli ton X-I + water
8002FF
05 lb aiqt C~~ 2f ~1
iraquo 1b 3iL_ ozA
o 5 ib middot--1 L
10 Lb 8iL-O D002FF
-Evalll~_tior~ ~~~~)~-h ~--Tn~ZIJ8n t J(~~~ emiddot~Ll1at(-a r~(l1Tl the s tandpo trrt of fo lLage protec t i or -ti16 TC [)J-L t -1 crj T~dJ lt middott~ t
tClt)[[l li~LlfiJ 0stJIuates of t~e deg-ree of I rLo t s a t the termination of larval
) f-L CL[ ~ ~ C~-j Lnl rL~~
CC)Lj]gtajng f~_vJ -- ru t C 3 ~ T j 11~
arI~ pl o C5 b~i prl i ~cd p- I Spmiddotrciy JJ -~~LLtl the ex ~ept~---~~ TLrrli~lL ) ~1 all
7shy k( I~C Smiddot- rlE~ _gti~ ~~ - t -) X-19 1 ) -I 12-(middotmiddot-shy ~L~~- ~)l~j_l-in WF
gtrhi c h ~[c -~1 (~ n( -t~ ~I()X ina te ~Y r~ Ii ~~V 1 tf-~r trea tmsnt
(middot~middotf-_lmiddotmiddotl
)JJ
bullbull
ConoIus ion i PT~~i i nunarv data S11~)W tha t all formuLa r ions o r rljiti~l 8JG
Sevin-L-oLl + kcrosble rave (~xce~_ ent results in larval reductJon FrLlbullegg mass vcount L ~ hi macJe +0 Cetenline i this conoi tion continues to hold true
bull One nitial -()nI~ 1~~-)_~2- th_L~ 3~hOv1=~ oxceLlent po ten LLaI is the fact tIlat DimiLi rs - c P JbfcYi appl ie_l at H20 f viJ E le S8 than S oak f()l~_~tge ~-~(lDsicr~ gave g~o)d f- LJ~~(- p-otmiddotciinl and r-uced l arval actishy
bull v ty rl1~aj1~-~1tly ltbullbull T=~ LY 10 )C
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- II II II -shyAfl~U1GE COUNT
10 +shy 0 cc o o o o
~ ~- coe DinuLln 25 wP (early) 06 IbgallA
~~ Dimilin 25 vIP (normal) 06 Ib2 qtA
fojf-
~ I-j CD
~~-~~X~~~~-~~~-~~~~bull
Sevin-4-oil - Kerosene 1 Ib40 ozA
Dirnilln 33 oil - TXl90shy ~CJter 03 IbqtA
Dimilin 33 oil - Kerosene 03 IbqtA
l1 1 CD I
(fJ
0 f-j
~
~ ~ ~
10 1--3 CD r p g c+ CD
f-J p1
~ ~
~~
~~
~~~
lmiddotmiddot 1 IXlt)0 ir t ~ hI + rJeJln-+-OT - - Wo el bullJ UfIi
D middot J tro 06 Ib ~ Ianui rn ~ vvr- gaL li
Sevin I J K~Yr c-nIle lt Ibq+ r0t l-+-j _~L - u gtJ bull 1 - _J bull vi l
~d
o to c+ bullto
d - ~
I
m c+ I-jf-J
~ o o
~ (fJ
~~ Sevin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water 1 Ib) OZA
~~~ Sevirl--4-oil - Txl90 - Water 25 IbqtA
I -- (X)
I
~)t)~ E Untreated Ch8Cks
-bullbull Ptlo~SNI tuLIIGF f3fiE-1IlN
tV Jgt 0shy co o o o o o o
061bgalA D-lmilin 25 WP (early)
I - I Iebull uO J-o I~ erG i1 JimHin 25 wP (normal) I-rj
j-J
o~ f-J (1)
Sevin-4-oil - Kero sene I--~ Ib40 ozA I-rj ll 0 UJ I-
~h 0 lbmiddot(jmiddott gt - 11 DirJlin 33 oil - TXl90 - Water I-- p1 CD UJ CD UJ
rI-~ Diu-Uin 33 oiI - Ke ro ~ene 00Obull 3 1(1 qt 1-
sect co
f-- c+ OJ-J ampl 0
~evin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water bull l51bqtA
lJ f-J CD
DiJ1lilin 25 l-lP I06 IbgalA to
1j f-J Pl
lti
51bqtA _ Sevin-L~-oil - Kero sene pD H o I-- j-J
-o
p c+~ Ib40 OZA _ Sevin-L-oil - TXl90 - Water f-J
~
25 IbqtA Selin-4-oil - TX1-90 - ltIater
Untreated Checks I
f- -0
I
I I II II III I
II II II II
-
Project Number GM 613 Project Title Field Testing of Ground Applied Insecticides Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Larry L Herbaugh W H McLane C R Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Experimental use permits were received from EPA in early June 1976 for testing Orthene 75S Imidanreg 50 Wp Sevi~) 80S In addishytion to the above Sevin-4-oil with water and NTN 9306 were tested
One-acre plots were established in the Bald Eagle State Forest lands in Centre and Clinton Counties Pennsylvania These plots contained a measureshyable population of gypsy moth eggs and were located in heavily wooded areas representative of campground situations
These plots were established so that they were ca 200 feet square with a small dirt road dividing them Within each one-acre plot two subplots or sampling units were established Each of these illlits comprised 140 of an acre and was placed on each side of the road These 140 acre sampling units were used for all evaluations throughout the program
Application Only a small quantity of materials were needed for application Because of this materials were mixed on site using conventior~l mixing equipment and a nurse tank for a water supply All mixing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between treatments to avoid any adultershya tion
The materials were applied with a John Bean Mist Blower mounted on a 1-12 ton 4-wheel drive truck at the following rates
25 Ib a ir gal H20A
50 lb ai5 gal H20A Orthene 75S 10 It ai5 gal H20A Imidan So Wp 15 Ib ailS gal H20A and Sevin 80S 20 Ib ailS gal H2OA
3S Ib ai5 gal H2OA
Each of these dosages was replicated 3 times for each material
125 Ib ailS gal H20ANTN 9J06 50 Ib ai5 gal H20A
Sevin-4-oil and 20 Ib ailS gal H20A T X-190 + water 35 Ib ailS gal H20A
Evaluation Each treatment was evaluated from the standpoint of percent foliage protection larvae reduction using a 15 foot string count and egg massesacre reduction Tht latter data is not yet available at this vrriting
Foliage protection and larvae reduction are shown in the following table
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II - II - II II II II II II II - - II II -- shy -Foliage Average Larval String Counts
Material Dosage Protection Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment l 25 Ib ai5 gallA L~9 5 20 46 50 Ib ai5 gallA 667 25 22
10 lb ai5 gallA 854 30 20Imidan 50 wp 15 lb ai5 gallA 580 18 33
20 Ib ai5 gallA 565 2S 16 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 420 33 14
Check - 3middotS 19 8
1O25 Ib ai5 gallA -LL bull 5 26 5 So Ib ailS gallA 620 22 2
10 Ib ailS gallA 43middotS 23 2Sevin 80S 15 Ib ailS gallA 55S 22 1
20 Ib ailS gallA 827 26 1 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 894 2S S
Check - So 42 40
2S Ib ai5 gallA 800 29 6
50 lb ailS gallA 911-1 25 3 10 Ib ailS gallA SlLtO 26 2
NI Orthene 7SS ~J
15 Ib ailS gallA 9)-1-0 29 0 I 20 Ib ailS gallA 940 22 0
35 Ib ai5 gallA 940 19 0 Check - 7S 48 Sl
Sevin-4-oil + 20 1b ailS gallA 770 39 6 T X-190 + H2O 35 Ib ai5 gallA 870 3S 9
12S Ib ailS gallA 750 15 1NTH 9306 5 Ib ailS gallA 730 IS 2
oCheck - 20 10j
l Post-treatment readings based on 5th day after treatment
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Conclusion Initial results show that Imidan~ 50 Wp gave ca 5~o folia~~ protection and ca 16 larval reduction at the 3 higher dosages
SevillE 80S gave ca 76 foliage protection and ca 99 reduction in larval activity at the 3 higher dosages
Orthenereg 758 gave ca 94 foliage protection and ca 100 larval control at the 3 higher dosages
In comparison the two new formulations of Sevin-4-oil and T X-190 and H20 and NTN 9306 gave ca 8~o and 74 foliage protection respectively and ca 78 and 87 reduction in larval activity respectively
Data in the following table indicate that Orthene0) 758 and Sevi~ 80S will give the greatest degree of foliage protection as well as reducing larval activity on a 15 foot string count
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Project Number GM 614 Proj8ct Title Evaluation of Pesticides for Browntail Moth Report Period April 1 1976 - September 31 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
The primary objective of this p~oject is to screen candidate materials against the browntail moth
Orthene reg was the only material tested against brown tail larvae
Dosage Instar 110rtali ty Days
After Treatment
1 IbaigalA II 92 2 05 IbaigalA II 100 2 025 IbaigalA II 96 2 012 IbaigalA II 90 2 006lbaigalA II 98 2 Check II loS 2
Mr McLane Mr Stockbridge Mr Stelle Mr Mosley and Mr Cartier met with Cape Cod National Seashore personnel to discuss future broNQtail work on the Cape A 5 year program was proposed as a result of the meeting and phone conversations vi th the Department of Interior and APHIS personnel
1976 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil ground plots with Sevin 80S
1977 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil Pyrethrin and Dimilin
1978 Select the most promising from the ones experimentally tested in 1976 and 1977 treat the entire infestation on Cape Cod using aircraft backpacks and mistblowers
1979 Clean up any infestation left
1980 Clean up any infestation left
However after a meeting wi th the Seashore Advisory Committee park super-shyintendent Hadley made a decision that no spraying should be done Q~til
the committee was informed of our plans and their approval was obtained To date this meeting has not come about
Meetings
Area I Managerial Meeting Hartford Corill Mr McLane gave a talk on the proposed 5 year broivntai1 moth program for Cape Cod Mass
Mr McLane met with Mr J KilIan Chief Environmentalist for the Cape Cod National Seashore to discuss the brovrrtaiL problem at the Seashore
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Project Number (~riI 6l5 Project Title Regulatory Treatments (Laboratory - Field) Report Period AfrE 1 1976 - September W 1976 Report TJpe Irl tertIa Project Leaders Winfred H McLane L Ii Herbaugh J A Einney
The lack of effective treatment methods fer recreational vehicles and mobile homes is a major dficipncy Ll the APHIS Gypsy Hath regulatory program Slt1xpcIimentcl laboratory and field tests are conducted to develop improved techniques for cP2ling iii tt thi s and other r811atory problems
On December 191175 a residue test I2S s tartlaquo Nt) 7 irs(~ctiGiles Tvo hundr-ed tar paper squares (6 x 6) each were treated with insectjcide using amp c 5 It aita1 soLut i on SevfTI insecticideswere tested with 1 set of tar paper used fUJ a check The papers were treated to the point of runshyoff Half of t he paper-s were aged oucdoor-s tacked under (4 x 8) sheets of masonite haI f were hs Ld inside the laboratory Norie were exposed to sunlight
Ten newly h~tchd sectYl)sy noth larvae were exposed to tar paper sheets at 10 day Lnte rval a iC)r the f i r s t lCO days of aging fo Llowing treatment This was achieve by pLacing +he paper in a cyl inrrricaL cardboard container wi th artificial di et lt J10rta1 ity readings were( made after 24 hours and L8 hours
Mortality Hr- JJarvae Exposed After Naterial Aged
Material ~___ to IvIaterial U)() Days 200 Das 260 Lays
DDT 50 vp Insil1Ff lGO 100 32 inside ~CJO 100 100
0Outside 100 jlt 20 UlI1sideuro- 100 100 100
Resmethrin Inside 24 28 (EC) Inside )-8 oP R4 I ~)
IJutfLfle 24 28 48 7)-
SBP-l Sl) 2L R(8C) Ll~middot
OJ 9C -I iOe
96
10 1f)C
bullbull II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
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I10rtality Hr La~Jae Exposed After Ha terial
laterial Aged to r1aterial 100 Days 200 Days 26C Daye
Phoxin Inside 24 100 98 100 (EC) IIlside 48 100 100 100
Outs i de 24 100 100 100 Outside La 100 100 100
Pyrenone Inside 2L+ 34 46 2 (EC) insLde 48 60 72 46
cdOutside --I~ 38 16 a Outside I+8 61~ +2 28
I1onitor Inside ~I lUO )eLf 78 (L
G~)(EC) 118 1)0 100 Outsids 2Li 66 46
ooOutside LiS i(JO z jLi
) I Check Inside - -t 5~middot 26 0 - j
Insid~ hB ~L gt+ 6 l)uttir~c 4 20 2 Cllt3ide- ~t~~ t ~ 1+0 6
Based on Laboratrrv rfsul tc lJresented in the IJst report a field test was started August 3 196 with Iop Job pine scent wax [ax remover Dimilin and fire ex t ingui shcr agent Ten egg masses are be ing treated each month from August 3 197C unt i I April 1 1977 Five masses are being covered wi th black building paper and S are being left exposed lhree dosages of each material are being usel along wi th a check
During April 1977 211 eggs will be col Lec ted and incubated in the labora-middot tory for hatch If hatch can hi pr2vented it may be possible to uae one or more of thlaquo materials as a treatment on tr_L18rs and RVs
To date 3 t reatments haveJeer made
On June 23 19761+ uate r i al s (Sevin (583 S8 [n-i~-il Orthene and Lrridan ) most generally used f Jr gypsy mot h control h~ sprayed -+0 the poi rrt of runshyoff on 110 acre plots us ing a back-pack mist~jL)1er Dosago s usee were same as rec()mmeIldw~ in ths APHIS recillatorJ rnanual
Every 3 day fo11ovrC9 tl(~atment rliage was c oll eo te d and Lioassaysd against 3ro instar Larvae 1fCt~middot~ 72 hour lrtality reading being mado After 9middot days treated foliag wal stiLl givirfL~_2[pound211eln mortalitx
q ~[ortality After Material L Days Ul Days lC s3[S _
Sevin 8)3
Sev-inmiddotmiddotL-Gil OrtbeEe Imidan Check 17
--
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II
Project Number GM 616 Project Title Field Testing of Javenile Hormone Analogs for Ovicidal
Activity Report Period Anril 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Itterim Project Leaders Charles P Schwa2be A P Norris
The juvenile hormone analogs Al tozar lE and ZR-t19 SE have been reported as having ovicidal properties When gypsy moth 8fg nasses are deposited on recently treated surfaces hat chab iLi ty yf 8ggS is reduced ZR-619 also appears to inhibit female moths from layingjhriT full complement of eggs Compounds with these properties may be user1 fOT regulatory treatments
Boles of white and red oak trees -lere sprayed foe tho point of ruri-off with water emulsions of Altozar and ZR-619 at 8g1 Ireatsents were aged for 1 3 7 14 21 and 28 days before bioassay At tb~ end of each aging period S or more 3 day old mated female moths from f Le Ld collected pupae were imprisoned on each of S trees (total ()f 25 replicatestreatment) Ihere were 10 replicates (2 trees) for each control The female moths that deposited egg masses were recovered (generally after one day) placed in polyethylene bags and frOZet111D riI they could be dissected to determine the number of unl a i d eggs Egg masses wiI 1 be coJlscted from the treated and control surfaces during IlecembQr 1976 an~ tested for embryonation parasi tization and ha tchabiLt ty
Females from the 1 3 7 and 28 day exposure pe r i ous have been dissected and unlaid eggs counted The results are shovn by the accompanying tab Le Preliminarily it appears that with the excep ti on of the 1 day ZR-61) treatment there was no effect of treatment on the nurnbe r of eggs laid by female moths It is interesting to note that laboratoryreaTf3(J tno th s were useci for the 1 day ZR-6l9 trea tluent Dcotailed disCUSSJCiD 01 thesA data will be deferred until all ]~eSl--l ts OCl egg smbryona t i on parc~si_ t i zation and hatchability have been obtained
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middot-------_ bullbullbull _~ bullbull EGGS lJlI11AID EY FENALES EXPOSED TO TRUNKS pHEATED WITH ALTOZAR 4E lIJm ZRmiddot-619 SE
Q2Y2129ynd
Iiays Treatment
ampif_~i
Numbe-r of Used
_fre~ t Control
Females Recovered
Tle~t __CoDjl~_
Numbe-r Unlaid Eggs Total Average
1reaJ_Qonto L)~1Zs~J_-0ontro1
Al i008) ) E~
ZI -~ I~~ 19 ~I~~
I
J 36 c )
14 Ij(1
32 ~
1 f 1~Lr
13 123[3 7G34
380 1797
387 )36
271 138 ~)
A1 t ozar I
11-- S1 C] ~ --
3
3 L~O
50 16 T1-s 1shy
30 ~)8
If) 1 -Llt
1394 1519
619 - (1 I
J-~
L+65 5hJ
Lf 13 493
A1 t-IZ~lX )~r~
~~R-C ~L9 ~jE
i ~ r ~O
Igt ~ c
15 18
J- 39
11 1 I LL4
104)~ l1-rr
660 F3S5
J26 292
508 632
I ) -J
I
Al t 0 L~i C i~)
-~Ti lt(j1 r)
Altozar wE Z11-(19 SE
)Q
~
- ~)
- 1 j
LJ
25 27
3j
30
12 -
-ii
14 IS
2S ~) ~
25 2S
10 1U
11 J 2
805 sed
1059 1398
2L~6 r(0
JJSO 9
2 3)
Li24 5)9
25() 6
12~ 7 391
JfJrtttcry r~ared iEIalCs ant] m3Jl~ used aUJthers ere fr-om f iel d collected pupae
bullbull Project Number GM 622
bull Project Title Responses of ~Ble Gypsy Moths to Traps as AffecteC ~
the PeatE of Pheromone Release Report Period April I 1976 - Septe~ber 30 1976
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Report Type Errcer im Project Leaders Charles P Sch~Lb2 E C Paszek
Preliminary trapping experiments with disparlure indicated that attracti-veshyness is affected by the rJte at which the pheromone is released from the trap Large amount s of lure seemed 0 have an inhfb i torr or repellent effect ConfLrmatorv studies were planned in which multiples of Corrre Ic fibers would be used to bait standaTd delta traps in order to define the pheromone ls1ea8e rate at which maxinnna attradiveness 10 sul ted Such inshyformation would be 2xcPPdingly useful in pI(eparnf specifications for comshy
bull mercial production of progTam pheromone dispenpers Unfortunately certain difficulties vpre encYLmtered in developing a sound expemiddotrinental program and it was suggested that this work be carried out by scientists at the
bullPennsylvania Stat Uni ve r-si ty Freliminary date have been made available to us but we 8re unable to uti I izhen in this report
bullExperiments in tti- pr)j0ct aCil Cl conduc tcd in collaboration with the ARS Optically active enantiCnj2rs of cis-Jlrparhrre were generously made available by Dr NarU1n(j~ Nagoya Uruve r-s i vs Iagoya Japan The objective of the tests was to determine the attractiveness (or other biological
bull properties) of tIl optically active ~nantiomers of disparlure Similar experiments were conducted by scientists from Nlchigan State University and the New York and C~~1nectiut State Agricultural Experimerct Stations
bullbullThese tests weI c onduc tcd in a natural infestation in FaTl River State Porest ILl lraps gtJere baited wit[ cc t t on dentJ wicks to which had been applied the indicated amcunt s of ( ) and-) (-) disparlure Delta traps were used in all ttsts i)fj a 25 III grid pat tfJ~11 rh) numbe r- of malt motho captured gtl2S reeordec c regular LrrtsrvaLs
In one experim8~lt the attrac tivene ns of racemic d i apar-I ure was compared with that of (+) enarrti omar Ihe rssults of middotshi test are given in Table 1
Table I Number of moths captur-sd il trans middotcLti ted with varying amount s elf racemic and optically active Hsparlure
1 L
lCCJC
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II II These ltlata clearly reflect -gt0 superior attractancy of the (+) enarrt iore r
compared with that of racemic mate r i al Approximately 10 X more raoths were captured with 100 ug (+) disP8rlure than with an equal amount of racemic pheromone Unfor-tuna te Ly limited amounts of the enantiomers
II prohibited testing at dosages gTeater than 10C ug and therefore it is
II not known if greater dosages woull -Lead to repeLten t or inhibitory effects It should also be noted that the Jptically active material contained ca 66 of its an t i podo Hirhly puCified pbermiddot~Cwj~e would likely yield someshywhat different data Ih_u is the first rcpc--t of 3~ clear relationship beshytween dosage and r-e sponee wheIc n_creased ple romone concentration y-ields a corresponding increase in ruoth response
II In another test the inhLbi t ory properties ()f t1gt (-) s nant iomar- were quantified deti3rrninirlg tile at t ractivenes (~r var i cus ratios of (+) and (-) disparlure These lata a~e presented n Table I
bull Table II NWllber of riaLe mo trs captured in tIP -x1ited with various
t~r8rltiomer ra tios
bull ----- -~---_ I shy
ugtraJ ug -) per Average catch ( -I- ) -i- _----LQ_ llg ~~_ J2eL_tmiddotr~a=p _
9 jL o (I te 936 1 1 75 120
c99 _J j 3-68 63 I
bull J 00 ioo L+ 12 ~ ~I I ) 380 32
bull L159 59 ~ 08
As addi tiCmiddot] iJlCgt1EltS oi (-) middotnre tdded V_ ij CZS ccntaiuing 10 uij (+) a t tr-activene ss 22di~J jmiddotrc~8s-(~ dsmonc2at~E the Lnhib i tOIJ nature
Yn t he ( c-~ j bull_ 1 m n - v 11+ i (1 60L f th01 rllt~ - 11 ccuUCc JgO_Ll -l_~e au k bull t-_f- CO bullbull oa~ne I )0 0 v bull e
II bull ) - -- n -I- f- - ~ 1 s +--- +- bull - -- - f ( rl J l dOppOSle c_Dctl_bull )Eler hie e_ua ar tr-ac mvene so O~ + -LlSpar_Ure COU
Dot be ceteIlied ~~xt-aTJ)lation of the p]ttcCc data suggests that 9Cf~ (+) disp2rl1lle 1~Cl~_middot(J cap turv 15-~() t i mes a iafr ~ioths as TaGer-tic phero-shymane at tho 10 -cC -2vel
A rnore 6ta-iled -report i s cur-rentIy ceins- lYr-pT~P( JJ_C pub lication The manuacrLpt -middotimiddotL 1 c~ i ~11 uIsd ~ n tho nex t LacL8tcr_~ P~ IJort
Project Number GM 623 Project Title Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leader Charles P Schwalbe
There is no progress to report on this project A prototype apparatus is being assembled which will permit systematic evaluation of various collection substrates Recent papers report successful collection of airborn volatiles on Porapak Q and Molecular sieve If quantitative collection of disparlure from female moths is s11ccessful pheromone emission will be used as a standard for determining quality of insects mass reared under various conditions
I I I I I
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Project Number GM 626 Project Title Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leader Edward C Paszek
Tree Tanglefoot a natural product made from castor oil gum resins and vegetable wax was used as an adhesive for sJPSY moth traps for )6 years 1913-1969 It was replaced in 1970 with Tack Trap a synthetic plastic type adhesive (polyisobutylene) which was less costly and through field testing found to be more effective than Tree Tanglefoot in holding capshytured moths in a trap Tack Trap has gone up in price fr-om $0421b in 1970 to $130lb in 1976 A number of companies are marketing synthetic sticky compounds to protect trees from climbing insects and as bird reshypellants These compounds were compared with Tack Trap and Tree Tanglefoot to determine their effectiveness in holding ca~tured ~psy moths
8plusmn5 of the following six compounds were weighed and applied to approxishymately 286 cm2 of the interior surface area of Delta traps An aging study on 12 these open traps was conducted in the greenhouse at a tempshyerature range of 10degC to 32degC for 5) months (119-62376) A field bioassay was made on 71476 after 6 months of aging in a natural infestshyation followed by a laboratory bioassay 91676 after 8 months of aging
Table I Mean number of 6 Boths per trap after 1 hour field bioassay in heavy infestation 24 hour laboratory chamber bioassay with )00 released 6 moths
Field Laboratory
Tack Trap (new sample) 145 60 Bird Iang1efoot 120 90 Excelcide Bird Repellant 105 200 Tack Trap (old sample) t10 105 Stikem-Special Iree Tanglefoot
6S o r
14)1)
After 6 months of aging in open traps Tack Prap Bird Ianglefoot Excelshycide Bird Repellant and Stikem-Special held captur-ed native moths Tree Tanglefoot glazed over and was a poor adhesive When bioassayed Ln a laboratory chamber after 8 months oflging vri it released moths many moths entered and fLev out of the traps indcating that the adhe sive tend to dry out and stiffen after Long periods of aging
The remaining samples were stored folded flat on the shelf in a closed paper carton at room te~perature (approxi~ately 22C) B~th sets of traps were weighed after 6 weeks of aging (3176) to deterwiu8 weight loss of the adhesives due to voLat i Liza t i on of solvents
-ushy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
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bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
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II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
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Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
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II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
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II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
-shy
CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
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10
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u Clt bull z ~ l pH
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031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
-49shy
I I
Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
I I
-50shy
I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
I I I I I I I
Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
I I I I
I II
I I
I I
Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
I
I
I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
I
I I I I I I I
-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
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and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
-59shy
bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
-60shy
-------------------shy 111
--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
bull I I
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
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I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
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- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
bull
bull
bull
bullbull
bull
bull
bull bull
bull
bull
bullbullbull
Project Number GN 612 Project Title 1976 Field Studhs of Differen~ E()rmulations of
IrlnuLin and Sevin-)-1--0il Report Period April 1 1976 September 30 1976 Report lype P t T TO lecmiddot LJeaGers
Interim Larrry L Herbaugh w H l1cLane C H Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Each year f or the past 3 generation3 the gypsy moth Lymantri8 dispar (L) bas defci Latori thouaands of ac re s of forested Land in t he northeast Because of tht s investigations bTe corrt inual l y be i ng carried out to evaluate new materies and new fITfillations of current registpred ~ateria18
IVlaterlaJs and Methods In 1970 the following rnat0rial~ and fo rmula tions were tested for gypsy moth con t r o l DimiLin op Dilli1in 3middot~ Gil keroser18 Dimilj~rl j middot3 oil + TlitolJ X-190 + water Se~Tin-J-(Jil + kerosene arid Se-rJin-Lt-oil t- TLampt ton xmiddot~ l~)() + JcLtE-r Each ell the maLer-La~_S va s aerially applied to 50 acre plots Hi 3 replicates for ov aLua t i on Table I gives the details on chemical concentration and application rate
IabLs I Details of 19c6 formula t i (lUS field tested
-------------__------------Cllemical Concent ra t ion
and I1a tcrial APl21 Leat_ign Ra te- __ __ _Eerm~middotdlts ___ _
9DVcd a t less than 7) iage expansion
L~_l I in and wateY--ltL
GO scicker added
DimiLin 3 j oil ( 1 1b c 1 AU bull jJ - ct1 oct fl Keroaerie+ KerOS(~rle
I)rrlilirl 3 3 ~)il
-+- Tr5_tor )-19D1- r 3 lb ai gaJI~
water
Se-r]] fl-4-0il + ) SJ Cl IA ~6 middotJZ K81~GSe~ne
Kero serle 10 lb J_~ o~A 8 07 ~Kt-~-cosene
bull ~)~ vin -J i-Cil i -~
bull Se ~i ~L( Lt- 0 i 1
bull11 r X-190
wa teT
bull
bull
Plot Establishrnent TLe test plots were established Ln an area adjacent to the 1975 study area in Clinton COill1ty Peru1sylvania This area met the following requirements (l) a building population in whi ch there had been no Bore than 1 years noticeable defoliation prior to the test year (2) a readily measureabJe population of egg masses and (3) a predominance of preferred host trees (oaks)
Each So acre square plot was laid out by establishing an accessible base corner and plotting boundary lines along compass headings Harkers were placed at 811 four corners for aircraft guidance Within each 50 acre plot 5 s~bplots (01 acre) or sampling units were randomly established These subplots were representative of the entire plot and served as samplshying points throughout the experiment Sampling points were similarly e s tab l i shec in untreated check areas to measure natural ccndi tions
Application The application schedule was de s i gned so that material was to be applied when the majority of the larvae were in the late second inshystar stage and the oak foliage was 50-75 expanded One exception to this was the early treatment of Ililllilin that was applied at early 1st instar when oak foliage was less than ~~ expanded
NatErials were mixed and transferred into the aircraft with conventional equipment (mixing tank pumps hoses measuring devices and necessary safety equipment) All niXing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between each treatment to avoid adulteration Radio communications were maintained be tween the ground conditions of wind velocity and materials dispersement
All plots W8T8 treated wi th a Ces~ma Ag Truck al rcraff e quippe d wi th a hydraulic 3rven 2wpellr pump arid 2 converrt i onai STJT3y system (see Table II) The airplane disperse- the craterial lliS fxd- 3wa-ths at ])1 mph as near to tree top level as po ss Lb l e wi th 5 fTcurcl -ird velocity of less than 5 mph
-15shy
bull 1
bullbull bullbullbullbullbull
------- ------gt-_-------------- shy
I1aterial Noz zl e s Orifice
Di miLi n 2 middotIP 006 It d t falA (eal12l) D8-L5 Q
006 10 2j lsd11A DP-middothS Dd-L[r C006 Ib aigallA
J)imillc J 3 (~1 +
Kerosene 003 it Dlqt 80C2FF
Dimilin 1 ~ 0j J
Tli ton X-I + water
8002FF
05 lb aiqt C~~ 2f ~1
iraquo 1b 3iL_ ozA
o 5 ib middot--1 L
10 Lb 8iL-O D002FF
-Evalll~_tior~ ~~~~)~-h ~--Tn~ZIJ8n t J(~~~ emiddot~Ll1at(-a r~(l1Tl the s tandpo trrt of fo lLage protec t i or -ti16 TC [)J-L t -1 crj T~dJ lt middott~ t
tClt)[[l li~LlfiJ 0stJIuates of t~e deg-ree of I rLo t s a t the termination of larval
) f-L CL[ ~ ~ C~-j Lnl rL~~
CC)Lj]gtajng f~_vJ -- ru t C 3 ~ T j 11~
arI~ pl o C5 b~i prl i ~cd p- I Spmiddotrciy JJ -~~LLtl the ex ~ept~---~~ TLrrli~lL ) ~1 all
7shy k( I~C Smiddot- rlE~ _gti~ ~~ - t -) X-19 1 ) -I 12-(middotmiddot-shy ~L~~- ~)l~j_l-in WF
gtrhi c h ~[c -~1 (~ n( -t~ ~I()X ina te ~Y r~ Ii ~~V 1 tf-~r trea tmsnt
(middot~middotf-_lmiddotmiddotl
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ConoIus ion i PT~~i i nunarv data S11~)W tha t all formuLa r ions o r rljiti~l 8JG
Sevin-L-oLl + kcrosble rave (~xce~_ ent results in larval reductJon FrLlbullegg mass vcount L ~ hi macJe +0 Cetenline i this conoi tion continues to hold true
bull One nitial -()nI~ 1~~-)_~2- th_L~ 3~hOv1=~ oxceLlent po ten LLaI is the fact tIlat DimiLi rs - c P JbfcYi appl ie_l at H20 f viJ E le S8 than S oak f()l~_~tge ~-~(lDsicr~ gave g~o)d f- LJ~~(- p-otmiddotciinl and r-uced l arval actishy
bull v ty rl1~aj1~-~1tly ltbullbull T=~ LY 10 )C
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- II II II -shyAfl~U1GE COUNT
10 +shy 0 cc o o o o
~ ~- coe DinuLln 25 wP (early) 06 IbgallA
~~ Dimilin 25 vIP (normal) 06 Ib2 qtA
fojf-
~ I-j CD
~~-~~X~~~~-~~~-~~~~bull
Sevin-4-oil - Kerosene 1 Ib40 ozA
Dirnilln 33 oil - TXl90shy ~CJter 03 IbqtA
Dimilin 33 oil - Kerosene 03 IbqtA
l1 1 CD I
(fJ
0 f-j
~
~ ~ ~
10 1--3 CD r p g c+ CD
f-J p1
~ ~
~~
~~
~~~
lmiddotmiddot 1 IXlt)0 ir t ~ hI + rJeJln-+-OT - - Wo el bullJ UfIi
D middot J tro 06 Ib ~ Ianui rn ~ vvr- gaL li
Sevin I J K~Yr c-nIle lt Ibq+ r0t l-+-j _~L - u gtJ bull 1 - _J bull vi l
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~~~ Sevirl--4-oil - Txl90 - Water 25 IbqtA
I -- (X)
I
~)t)~ E Untreated Ch8Cks
-bullbull Ptlo~SNI tuLIIGF f3fiE-1IlN
tV Jgt 0shy co o o o o o o
061bgalA D-lmilin 25 WP (early)
I - I Iebull uO J-o I~ erG i1 JimHin 25 wP (normal) I-rj
j-J
o~ f-J (1)
Sevin-4-oil - Kero sene I--~ Ib40 ozA I-rj ll 0 UJ I-
~h 0 lbmiddot(jmiddott gt - 11 DirJlin 33 oil - TXl90 - Water I-- p1 CD UJ CD UJ
rI-~ Diu-Uin 33 oiI - Ke ro ~ene 00Obull 3 1(1 qt 1-
sect co
f-- c+ OJ-J ampl 0
~evin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water bull l51bqtA
lJ f-J CD
DiJ1lilin 25 l-lP I06 IbgalA to
1j f-J Pl
lti
51bqtA _ Sevin-L~-oil - Kero sene pD H o I-- j-J
-o
p c+~ Ib40 OZA _ Sevin-L-oil - TXl90 - Water f-J
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25 IbqtA Selin-4-oil - TX1-90 - ltIater
Untreated Checks I
f- -0
I
I I II II III I
II II II II
-
Project Number GM 613 Project Title Field Testing of Ground Applied Insecticides Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Larry L Herbaugh W H McLane C R Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Experimental use permits were received from EPA in early June 1976 for testing Orthene 75S Imidanreg 50 Wp Sevi~) 80S In addishytion to the above Sevin-4-oil with water and NTN 9306 were tested
One-acre plots were established in the Bald Eagle State Forest lands in Centre and Clinton Counties Pennsylvania These plots contained a measureshyable population of gypsy moth eggs and were located in heavily wooded areas representative of campground situations
These plots were established so that they were ca 200 feet square with a small dirt road dividing them Within each one-acre plot two subplots or sampling units were established Each of these illlits comprised 140 of an acre and was placed on each side of the road These 140 acre sampling units were used for all evaluations throughout the program
Application Only a small quantity of materials were needed for application Because of this materials were mixed on site using conventior~l mixing equipment and a nurse tank for a water supply All mixing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between treatments to avoid any adultershya tion
The materials were applied with a John Bean Mist Blower mounted on a 1-12 ton 4-wheel drive truck at the following rates
25 Ib a ir gal H20A
50 lb ai5 gal H20A Orthene 75S 10 It ai5 gal H20A Imidan So Wp 15 Ib ailS gal H20A and Sevin 80S 20 Ib ailS gal H2OA
3S Ib ai5 gal H2OA
Each of these dosages was replicated 3 times for each material
125 Ib ailS gal H20ANTN 9J06 50 Ib ai5 gal H20A
Sevin-4-oil and 20 Ib ailS gal H20A T X-190 + water 35 Ib ailS gal H20A
Evaluation Each treatment was evaluated from the standpoint of percent foliage protection larvae reduction using a 15 foot string count and egg massesacre reduction Tht latter data is not yet available at this vrriting
Foliage protection and larvae reduction are shown in the following table
-20shy
II - II - II II II II II II II - - II II -- shy -Foliage Average Larval String Counts
Material Dosage Protection Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment l 25 Ib ai5 gallA L~9 5 20 46 50 Ib ai5 gallA 667 25 22
10 lb ai5 gallA 854 30 20Imidan 50 wp 15 lb ai5 gallA 580 18 33
20 Ib ai5 gallA 565 2S 16 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 420 33 14
Check - 3middotS 19 8
1O25 Ib ai5 gallA -LL bull 5 26 5 So Ib ailS gallA 620 22 2
10 Ib ailS gallA 43middotS 23 2Sevin 80S 15 Ib ailS gallA 55S 22 1
20 Ib ailS gallA 827 26 1 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 894 2S S
Check - So 42 40
2S Ib ai5 gallA 800 29 6
50 lb ailS gallA 911-1 25 3 10 Ib ailS gallA SlLtO 26 2
NI Orthene 7SS ~J
15 Ib ailS gallA 9)-1-0 29 0 I 20 Ib ailS gallA 940 22 0
35 Ib ai5 gallA 940 19 0 Check - 7S 48 Sl
Sevin-4-oil + 20 1b ailS gallA 770 39 6 T X-190 + H2O 35 Ib ai5 gallA 870 3S 9
12S Ib ailS gallA 750 15 1NTH 9306 5 Ib ailS gallA 730 IS 2
oCheck - 20 10j
l Post-treatment readings based on 5th day after treatment
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Conclusion Initial results show that Imidan~ 50 Wp gave ca 5~o folia~~ protection and ca 16 larval reduction at the 3 higher dosages
SevillE 80S gave ca 76 foliage protection and ca 99 reduction in larval activity at the 3 higher dosages
Orthenereg 758 gave ca 94 foliage protection and ca 100 larval control at the 3 higher dosages
In comparison the two new formulations of Sevin-4-oil and T X-190 and H20 and NTN 9306 gave ca 8~o and 74 foliage protection respectively and ca 78 and 87 reduction in larval activity respectively
Data in the following table indicate that Orthene0) 758 and Sevi~ 80S will give the greatest degree of foliage protection as well as reducing larval activity on a 15 foot string count
-22shy
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II I)
Project Number GM 614 Proj8ct Title Evaluation of Pesticides for Browntail Moth Report Period April 1 1976 - September 31 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
The primary objective of this p~oject is to screen candidate materials against the browntail moth
Orthene reg was the only material tested against brown tail larvae
Dosage Instar 110rtali ty Days
After Treatment
1 IbaigalA II 92 2 05 IbaigalA II 100 2 025 IbaigalA II 96 2 012 IbaigalA II 90 2 006lbaigalA II 98 2 Check II loS 2
Mr McLane Mr Stockbridge Mr Stelle Mr Mosley and Mr Cartier met with Cape Cod National Seashore personnel to discuss future broNQtail work on the Cape A 5 year program was proposed as a result of the meeting and phone conversations vi th the Department of Interior and APHIS personnel
1976 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil ground plots with Sevin 80S
1977 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil Pyrethrin and Dimilin
1978 Select the most promising from the ones experimentally tested in 1976 and 1977 treat the entire infestation on Cape Cod using aircraft backpacks and mistblowers
1979 Clean up any infestation left
1980 Clean up any infestation left
However after a meeting wi th the Seashore Advisory Committee park super-shyintendent Hadley made a decision that no spraying should be done Q~til
the committee was informed of our plans and their approval was obtained To date this meeting has not come about
Meetings
Area I Managerial Meeting Hartford Corill Mr McLane gave a talk on the proposed 5 year broivntai1 moth program for Cape Cod Mass
Mr McLane met with Mr J KilIan Chief Environmentalist for the Cape Cod National Seashore to discuss the brovrrtaiL problem at the Seashore
-23shy
bullbullbullbull II II
bull II II II II
bullbullbullbullbull
Project Number (~riI 6l5 Project Title Regulatory Treatments (Laboratory - Field) Report Period AfrE 1 1976 - September W 1976 Report TJpe Irl tertIa Project Leaders Winfred H McLane L Ii Herbaugh J A Einney
The lack of effective treatment methods fer recreational vehicles and mobile homes is a major dficipncy Ll the APHIS Gypsy Hath regulatory program Slt1xpcIimentcl laboratory and field tests are conducted to develop improved techniques for cP2ling iii tt thi s and other r811atory problems
On December 191175 a residue test I2S s tartlaquo Nt) 7 irs(~ctiGiles Tvo hundr-ed tar paper squares (6 x 6) each were treated with insectjcide using amp c 5 It aita1 soLut i on SevfTI insecticideswere tested with 1 set of tar paper used fUJ a check The papers were treated to the point of runshyoff Half of t he paper-s were aged oucdoor-s tacked under (4 x 8) sheets of masonite haI f were hs Ld inside the laboratory Norie were exposed to sunlight
Ten newly h~tchd sectYl)sy noth larvae were exposed to tar paper sheets at 10 day Lnte rval a iC)r the f i r s t lCO days of aging fo Llowing treatment This was achieve by pLacing +he paper in a cyl inrrricaL cardboard container wi th artificial di et lt J10rta1 ity readings were( made after 24 hours and L8 hours
Mortality Hr- JJarvae Exposed After Naterial Aged
Material ~___ to IvIaterial U)() Days 200 Das 260 Lays
DDT 50 vp Insil1Ff lGO 100 32 inside ~CJO 100 100
0Outside 100 jlt 20 UlI1sideuro- 100 100 100
Resmethrin Inside 24 28 (EC) Inside )-8 oP R4 I ~)
IJutfLfle 24 28 48 7)-
SBP-l Sl) 2L R(8C) Ll~middot
OJ 9C -I iOe
96
10 1f)C
bullbull II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
bullbull
I10rtality Hr La~Jae Exposed After Ha terial
laterial Aged to r1aterial 100 Days 200 Days 26C Daye
Phoxin Inside 24 100 98 100 (EC) IIlside 48 100 100 100
Outs i de 24 100 100 100 Outside La 100 100 100
Pyrenone Inside 2L+ 34 46 2 (EC) insLde 48 60 72 46
cdOutside --I~ 38 16 a Outside I+8 61~ +2 28
I1onitor Inside ~I lUO )eLf 78 (L
G~)(EC) 118 1)0 100 Outsids 2Li 66 46
ooOutside LiS i(JO z jLi
) I Check Inside - -t 5~middot 26 0 - j
Insid~ hB ~L gt+ 6 l)uttir~c 4 20 2 Cllt3ide- ~t~~ t ~ 1+0 6
Based on Laboratrrv rfsul tc lJresented in the IJst report a field test was started August 3 196 with Iop Job pine scent wax [ax remover Dimilin and fire ex t ingui shcr agent Ten egg masses are be ing treated each month from August 3 197C unt i I April 1 1977 Five masses are being covered wi th black building paper and S are being left exposed lhree dosages of each material are being usel along wi th a check
During April 1977 211 eggs will be col Lec ted and incubated in the labora-middot tory for hatch If hatch can hi pr2vented it may be possible to uae one or more of thlaquo materials as a treatment on tr_L18rs and RVs
To date 3 t reatments haveJeer made
On June 23 19761+ uate r i al s (Sevin (583 S8 [n-i~-il Orthene and Lrridan ) most generally used f Jr gypsy mot h control h~ sprayed -+0 the poi rrt of runshyoff on 110 acre plots us ing a back-pack mist~jL)1er Dosago s usee were same as rec()mmeIldw~ in ths APHIS recillatorJ rnanual
Every 3 day fo11ovrC9 tl(~atment rliage was c oll eo te d and Lioassaysd against 3ro instar Larvae 1fCt~middot~ 72 hour lrtality reading being mado After 9middot days treated foliag wal stiLl givirfL~_2[pound211eln mortalitx
q ~[ortality After Material L Days Ul Days lC s3[S _
Sevin 8)3
Sev-inmiddotmiddotL-Gil OrtbeEe Imidan Check 17
--
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II
Project Number GM 616 Project Title Field Testing of Javenile Hormone Analogs for Ovicidal
Activity Report Period Anril 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Itterim Project Leaders Charles P Schwa2be A P Norris
The juvenile hormone analogs Al tozar lE and ZR-t19 SE have been reported as having ovicidal properties When gypsy moth 8fg nasses are deposited on recently treated surfaces hat chab iLi ty yf 8ggS is reduced ZR-619 also appears to inhibit female moths from layingjhriT full complement of eggs Compounds with these properties may be user1 fOT regulatory treatments
Boles of white and red oak trees -lere sprayed foe tho point of ruri-off with water emulsions of Altozar and ZR-619 at 8g1 Ireatsents were aged for 1 3 7 14 21 and 28 days before bioassay At tb~ end of each aging period S or more 3 day old mated female moths from f Le Ld collected pupae were imprisoned on each of S trees (total ()f 25 replicatestreatment) Ihere were 10 replicates (2 trees) for each control The female moths that deposited egg masses were recovered (generally after one day) placed in polyethylene bags and frOZet111D riI they could be dissected to determine the number of unl a i d eggs Egg masses wiI 1 be coJlscted from the treated and control surfaces during IlecembQr 1976 an~ tested for embryonation parasi tization and ha tchabiLt ty
Females from the 1 3 7 and 28 day exposure pe r i ous have been dissected and unlaid eggs counted The results are shovn by the accompanying tab Le Preliminarily it appears that with the excep ti on of the 1 day ZR-61) treatment there was no effect of treatment on the nurnbe r of eggs laid by female moths It is interesting to note that laboratoryreaTf3(J tno th s were useci for the 1 day ZR-6l9 trea tluent Dcotailed disCUSSJCiD 01 thesA data will be deferred until all ]~eSl--l ts OCl egg smbryona t i on parc~si_ t i zation and hatchability have been obtained
-26shy
-----------
middot-------_ bullbullbull _~ bullbull EGGS lJlI11AID EY FENALES EXPOSED TO TRUNKS pHEATED WITH ALTOZAR 4E lIJm ZRmiddot-619 SE
Q2Y2129ynd
Iiays Treatment
ampif_~i
Numbe-r of Used
_fre~ t Control
Females Recovered
Tle~t __CoDjl~_
Numbe-r Unlaid Eggs Total Average
1reaJ_Qonto L)~1Zs~J_-0ontro1
Al i008) ) E~
ZI -~ I~~ 19 ~I~~
I
J 36 c )
14 Ij(1
32 ~
1 f 1~Lr
13 123[3 7G34
380 1797
387 )36
271 138 ~)
A1 t ozar I
11-- S1 C] ~ --
3
3 L~O
50 16 T1-s 1shy
30 ~)8
If) 1 -Llt
1394 1519
619 - (1 I
J-~
L+65 5hJ
Lf 13 493
A1 t-IZ~lX )~r~
~~R-C ~L9 ~jE
i ~ r ~O
Igt ~ c
15 18
J- 39
11 1 I LL4
104)~ l1-rr
660 F3S5
J26 292
508 632
I ) -J
I
Al t 0 L~i C i~)
-~Ti lt(j1 r)
Altozar wE Z11-(19 SE
)Q
~
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LJ
25 27
3j
30
12 -
-ii
14 IS
2S ~) ~
25 2S
10 1U
11 J 2
805 sed
1059 1398
2L~6 r(0
JJSO 9
2 3)
Li24 5)9
25() 6
12~ 7 391
JfJrtttcry r~ared iEIalCs ant] m3Jl~ used aUJthers ere fr-om f iel d collected pupae
bullbull Project Number GM 622
bull Project Title Responses of ~Ble Gypsy Moths to Traps as AffecteC ~
the PeatE of Pheromone Release Report Period April I 1976 - Septe~ber 30 1976
bullbull
Report Type Errcer im Project Leaders Charles P Sch~Lb2 E C Paszek
Preliminary trapping experiments with disparlure indicated that attracti-veshyness is affected by the rJte at which the pheromone is released from the trap Large amount s of lure seemed 0 have an inhfb i torr or repellent effect ConfLrmatorv studies were planned in which multiples of Corrre Ic fibers would be used to bait standaTd delta traps in order to define the pheromone ls1ea8e rate at which maxinnna attradiveness 10 sul ted Such inshyformation would be 2xcPPdingly useful in pI(eparnf specifications for comshy
bull mercial production of progTam pheromone dispenpers Unfortunately certain difficulties vpre encYLmtered in developing a sound expemiddotrinental program and it was suggested that this work be carried out by scientists at the
bullPennsylvania Stat Uni ve r-si ty Freliminary date have been made available to us but we 8re unable to uti I izhen in this report
bullExperiments in tti- pr)j0ct aCil Cl conduc tcd in collaboration with the ARS Optically active enantiCnj2rs of cis-Jlrparhrre were generously made available by Dr NarU1n(j~ Nagoya Uruve r-s i vs Iagoya Japan The objective of the tests was to determine the attractiveness (or other biological
bull properties) of tIl optically active ~nantiomers of disparlure Similar experiments were conducted by scientists from Nlchigan State University and the New York and C~~1nectiut State Agricultural Experimerct Stations
bullbullThese tests weI c onduc tcd in a natural infestation in FaTl River State Porest ILl lraps gtJere baited wit[ cc t t on dentJ wicks to which had been applied the indicated amcunt s of ( ) and-) (-) disparlure Delta traps were used in all ttsts i)fj a 25 III grid pat tfJ~11 rh) numbe r- of malt motho captured gtl2S reeordec c regular LrrtsrvaLs
In one experim8~lt the attrac tivene ns of racemic d i apar-I ure was compared with that of (+) enarrti omar Ihe rssults of middotshi test are given in Table 1
Table I Number of moths captur-sd il trans middotcLti ted with varying amount s elf racemic and optically active Hsparlure
1 L
lCCJC
------------------__-----_ _--__------shy
II II These ltlata clearly reflect -gt0 superior attractancy of the (+) enarrt iore r
compared with that of racemic mate r i al Approximately 10 X more raoths were captured with 100 ug (+) disP8rlure than with an equal amount of racemic pheromone Unfor-tuna te Ly limited amounts of the enantiomers
II prohibited testing at dosages gTeater than 10C ug and therefore it is
II not known if greater dosages woull -Lead to repeLten t or inhibitory effects It should also be noted that the Jptically active material contained ca 66 of its an t i podo Hirhly puCified pbermiddot~Cwj~e would likely yield someshywhat different data Ih_u is the first rcpc--t of 3~ clear relationship beshytween dosage and r-e sponee wheIc n_creased ple romone concentration y-ields a corresponding increase in ruoth response
II In another test the inhLbi t ory properties ()f t1gt (-) s nant iomar- were quantified deti3rrninirlg tile at t ractivenes (~r var i cus ratios of (+) and (-) disparlure These lata a~e presented n Table I
bull Table II NWllber of riaLe mo trs captured in tIP -x1ited with various
t~r8rltiomer ra tios
bull ----- -~---_ I shy
ugtraJ ug -) per Average catch ( -I- ) -i- _----LQ_ llg ~~_ J2eL_tmiddotr~a=p _
9 jL o (I te 936 1 1 75 120
c99 _J j 3-68 63 I
bull J 00 ioo L+ 12 ~ ~I I ) 380 32
bull L159 59 ~ 08
As addi tiCmiddot] iJlCgt1EltS oi (-) middotnre tdded V_ ij CZS ccntaiuing 10 uij (+) a t tr-activene ss 22di~J jmiddotrc~8s-(~ dsmonc2at~E the Lnhib i tOIJ nature
Yn t he ( c-~ j bull_ 1 m n - v 11+ i (1 60L f th01 rllt~ - 11 ccuUCc JgO_Ll -l_~e au k bull t-_f- CO bullbull oa~ne I )0 0 v bull e
II bull ) - -- n -I- f- - ~ 1 s +--- +- bull - -- - f ( rl J l dOppOSle c_Dctl_bull )Eler hie e_ua ar tr-ac mvene so O~ + -LlSpar_Ure COU
Dot be ceteIlied ~~xt-aTJ)lation of the p]ttcCc data suggests that 9Cf~ (+) disp2rl1lle 1~Cl~_middot(J cap turv 15-~() t i mes a iafr ~ioths as TaGer-tic phero-shymane at tho 10 -cC -2vel
A rnore 6ta-iled -report i s cur-rentIy ceins- lYr-pT~P( JJ_C pub lication The manuacrLpt -middotimiddotL 1 c~ i ~11 uIsd ~ n tho nex t LacL8tcr_~ P~ IJort
Project Number GM 623 Project Title Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leader Charles P Schwalbe
There is no progress to report on this project A prototype apparatus is being assembled which will permit systematic evaluation of various collection substrates Recent papers report successful collection of airborn volatiles on Porapak Q and Molecular sieve If quantitative collection of disparlure from female moths is s11ccessful pheromone emission will be used as a standard for determining quality of insects mass reared under various conditions
I I I I I
-30shy
I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I
Project Number GM 626 Project Title Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leader Edward C Paszek
Tree Tanglefoot a natural product made from castor oil gum resins and vegetable wax was used as an adhesive for sJPSY moth traps for )6 years 1913-1969 It was replaced in 1970 with Tack Trap a synthetic plastic type adhesive (polyisobutylene) which was less costly and through field testing found to be more effective than Tree Tanglefoot in holding capshytured moths in a trap Tack Trap has gone up in price fr-om $0421b in 1970 to $130lb in 1976 A number of companies are marketing synthetic sticky compounds to protect trees from climbing insects and as bird reshypellants These compounds were compared with Tack Trap and Tree Tanglefoot to determine their effectiveness in holding ca~tured ~psy moths
8plusmn5 of the following six compounds were weighed and applied to approxishymately 286 cm2 of the interior surface area of Delta traps An aging study on 12 these open traps was conducted in the greenhouse at a tempshyerature range of 10degC to 32degC for 5) months (119-62376) A field bioassay was made on 71476 after 6 months of aging in a natural infestshyation followed by a laboratory bioassay 91676 after 8 months of aging
Table I Mean number of 6 Boths per trap after 1 hour field bioassay in heavy infestation 24 hour laboratory chamber bioassay with )00 released 6 moths
Field Laboratory
Tack Trap (new sample) 145 60 Bird Iang1efoot 120 90 Excelcide Bird Repellant 105 200 Tack Trap (old sample) t10 105 Stikem-Special Iree Tanglefoot
6S o r
14)1)
After 6 months of aging in open traps Tack Prap Bird Ianglefoot Excelshycide Bird Repellant and Stikem-Special held captur-ed native moths Tree Tanglefoot glazed over and was a poor adhesive When bioassayed Ln a laboratory chamber after 8 months oflging vri it released moths many moths entered and fLev out of the traps indcating that the adhe sive tend to dry out and stiffen after Long periods of aging
The remaining samples were stored folded flat on the shelf in a closed paper carton at room te~perature (approxi~ately 22C) B~th sets of traps were weighed after 6 weeks of aging (3176) to deterwiu8 weight loss of the adhesives due to voLat i Liza t i on of solvents
-ushy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
-32shy
bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II II II II
bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
-----
Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
- 34shy-
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
-35shy
II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
-shy
CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
I -v f)
I
10
bullbull C N
bull 0shy-It)---
C) ~
~ et
gtshy ~
-lt
l 1 o Li
u Clt bull z ~ l pH
V i) j
iJ2
~
1M
Ibull
0= I~U Z
I~~ 0 tx N U
Z ~
pound0 t
~ N ()
I~ I
+ J ~ J
a U Z
-Ro o
-J
o a ~
Z
o o 0 o- 00 ~
031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
-49shy
I I
Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
I I
-50shy
I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
I I I I I I I
Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
I I I I
I II
I I
I I
Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
I
I
I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
I
I I I I I I I
-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
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and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
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I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
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IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
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AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
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ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
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~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
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TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
bull
Plot Establishrnent TLe test plots were established Ln an area adjacent to the 1975 study area in Clinton COill1ty Peru1sylvania This area met the following requirements (l) a building population in whi ch there had been no Bore than 1 years noticeable defoliation prior to the test year (2) a readily measureabJe population of egg masses and (3) a predominance of preferred host trees (oaks)
Each So acre square plot was laid out by establishing an accessible base corner and plotting boundary lines along compass headings Harkers were placed at 811 four corners for aircraft guidance Within each 50 acre plot 5 s~bplots (01 acre) or sampling units were randomly established These subplots were representative of the entire plot and served as samplshying points throughout the experiment Sampling points were similarly e s tab l i shec in untreated check areas to measure natural ccndi tions
Application The application schedule was de s i gned so that material was to be applied when the majority of the larvae were in the late second inshystar stage and the oak foliage was 50-75 expanded One exception to this was the early treatment of Ililllilin that was applied at early 1st instar when oak foliage was less than ~~ expanded
NatErials were mixed and transferred into the aircraft with conventional equipment (mixing tank pumps hoses measuring devices and necessary safety equipment) All niXing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between each treatment to avoid adulteration Radio communications were maintained be tween the ground conditions of wind velocity and materials dispersement
All plots W8T8 treated wi th a Ces~ma Ag Truck al rcraff e quippe d wi th a hydraulic 3rven 2wpellr pump arid 2 converrt i onai STJT3y system (see Table II) The airplane disperse- the craterial lliS fxd- 3wa-ths at ])1 mph as near to tree top level as po ss Lb l e wi th 5 fTcurcl -ird velocity of less than 5 mph
-15shy
bull 1
bullbull bullbullbullbullbull
------- ------gt-_-------------- shy
I1aterial Noz zl e s Orifice
Di miLi n 2 middotIP 006 It d t falA (eal12l) D8-L5 Q
006 10 2j lsd11A DP-middothS Dd-L[r C006 Ib aigallA
J)imillc J 3 (~1 +
Kerosene 003 it Dlqt 80C2FF
Dimilin 1 ~ 0j J
Tli ton X-I + water
8002FF
05 lb aiqt C~~ 2f ~1
iraquo 1b 3iL_ ozA
o 5 ib middot--1 L
10 Lb 8iL-O D002FF
-Evalll~_tior~ ~~~~)~-h ~--Tn~ZIJ8n t J(~~~ emiddot~Ll1at(-a r~(l1Tl the s tandpo trrt of fo lLage protec t i or -ti16 TC [)J-L t -1 crj T~dJ lt middott~ t
tClt)[[l li~LlfiJ 0stJIuates of t~e deg-ree of I rLo t s a t the termination of larval
) f-L CL[ ~ ~ C~-j Lnl rL~~
CC)Lj]gtajng f~_vJ -- ru t C 3 ~ T j 11~
arI~ pl o C5 b~i prl i ~cd p- I Spmiddotrciy JJ -~~LLtl the ex ~ept~---~~ TLrrli~lL ) ~1 all
7shy k( I~C Smiddot- rlE~ _gti~ ~~ - t -) X-19 1 ) -I 12-(middotmiddot-shy ~L~~- ~)l~j_l-in WF
gtrhi c h ~[c -~1 (~ n( -t~ ~I()X ina te ~Y r~ Ii ~~V 1 tf-~r trea tmsnt
(middot~middotf-_lmiddotmiddotl
)JJ
bullbull
ConoIus ion i PT~~i i nunarv data S11~)W tha t all formuLa r ions o r rljiti~l 8JG
Sevin-L-oLl + kcrosble rave (~xce~_ ent results in larval reductJon FrLlbullegg mass vcount L ~ hi macJe +0 Cetenline i this conoi tion continues to hold true
bull One nitial -()nI~ 1~~-)_~2- th_L~ 3~hOv1=~ oxceLlent po ten LLaI is the fact tIlat DimiLi rs - c P JbfcYi appl ie_l at H20 f viJ E le S8 than S oak f()l~_~tge ~-~(lDsicr~ gave g~o)d f- LJ~~(- p-otmiddotciinl and r-uced l arval actishy
bull v ty rl1~aj1~-~1tly ltbullbull T=~ LY 10 )C
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- II II II -shyAfl~U1GE COUNT
10 +shy 0 cc o o o o
~ ~- coe DinuLln 25 wP (early) 06 IbgallA
~~ Dimilin 25 vIP (normal) 06 Ib2 qtA
fojf-
~ I-j CD
~~-~~X~~~~-~~~-~~~~bull
Sevin-4-oil - Kerosene 1 Ib40 ozA
Dirnilln 33 oil - TXl90shy ~CJter 03 IbqtA
Dimilin 33 oil - Kerosene 03 IbqtA
l1 1 CD I
(fJ
0 f-j
~
~ ~ ~
10 1--3 CD r p g c+ CD
f-J p1
~ ~
~~
~~
~~~
lmiddotmiddot 1 IXlt)0 ir t ~ hI + rJeJln-+-OT - - Wo el bullJ UfIi
D middot J tro 06 Ib ~ Ianui rn ~ vvr- gaL li
Sevin I J K~Yr c-nIle lt Ibq+ r0t l-+-j _~L - u gtJ bull 1 - _J bull vi l
~d
o to c+ bullto
d - ~
I
m c+ I-jf-J
~ o o
~ (fJ
~~ Sevin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water 1 Ib) OZA
~~~ Sevirl--4-oil - Txl90 - Water 25 IbqtA
I -- (X)
I
~)t)~ E Untreated Ch8Cks
-bullbull Ptlo~SNI tuLIIGF f3fiE-1IlN
tV Jgt 0shy co o o o o o o
061bgalA D-lmilin 25 WP (early)
I - I Iebull uO J-o I~ erG i1 JimHin 25 wP (normal) I-rj
j-J
o~ f-J (1)
Sevin-4-oil - Kero sene I--~ Ib40 ozA I-rj ll 0 UJ I-
~h 0 lbmiddot(jmiddott gt - 11 DirJlin 33 oil - TXl90 - Water I-- p1 CD UJ CD UJ
rI-~ Diu-Uin 33 oiI - Ke ro ~ene 00Obull 3 1(1 qt 1-
sect co
f-- c+ OJ-J ampl 0
~evin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water bull l51bqtA
lJ f-J CD
DiJ1lilin 25 l-lP I06 IbgalA to
1j f-J Pl
lti
51bqtA _ Sevin-L~-oil - Kero sene pD H o I-- j-J
-o
p c+~ Ib40 OZA _ Sevin-L-oil - TXl90 - Water f-J
~
25 IbqtA Selin-4-oil - TX1-90 - ltIater
Untreated Checks I
f- -0
I
I I II II III I
II II II II
-
Project Number GM 613 Project Title Field Testing of Ground Applied Insecticides Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Larry L Herbaugh W H McLane C R Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Experimental use permits were received from EPA in early June 1976 for testing Orthene 75S Imidanreg 50 Wp Sevi~) 80S In addishytion to the above Sevin-4-oil with water and NTN 9306 were tested
One-acre plots were established in the Bald Eagle State Forest lands in Centre and Clinton Counties Pennsylvania These plots contained a measureshyable population of gypsy moth eggs and were located in heavily wooded areas representative of campground situations
These plots were established so that they were ca 200 feet square with a small dirt road dividing them Within each one-acre plot two subplots or sampling units were established Each of these illlits comprised 140 of an acre and was placed on each side of the road These 140 acre sampling units were used for all evaluations throughout the program
Application Only a small quantity of materials were needed for application Because of this materials were mixed on site using conventior~l mixing equipment and a nurse tank for a water supply All mixing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between treatments to avoid any adultershya tion
The materials were applied with a John Bean Mist Blower mounted on a 1-12 ton 4-wheel drive truck at the following rates
25 Ib a ir gal H20A
50 lb ai5 gal H20A Orthene 75S 10 It ai5 gal H20A Imidan So Wp 15 Ib ailS gal H20A and Sevin 80S 20 Ib ailS gal H2OA
3S Ib ai5 gal H2OA
Each of these dosages was replicated 3 times for each material
125 Ib ailS gal H20ANTN 9J06 50 Ib ai5 gal H20A
Sevin-4-oil and 20 Ib ailS gal H20A T X-190 + water 35 Ib ailS gal H20A
Evaluation Each treatment was evaluated from the standpoint of percent foliage protection larvae reduction using a 15 foot string count and egg massesacre reduction Tht latter data is not yet available at this vrriting
Foliage protection and larvae reduction are shown in the following table
-20shy
II - II - II II II II II II II - - II II -- shy -Foliage Average Larval String Counts
Material Dosage Protection Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment l 25 Ib ai5 gallA L~9 5 20 46 50 Ib ai5 gallA 667 25 22
10 lb ai5 gallA 854 30 20Imidan 50 wp 15 lb ai5 gallA 580 18 33
20 Ib ai5 gallA 565 2S 16 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 420 33 14
Check - 3middotS 19 8
1O25 Ib ai5 gallA -LL bull 5 26 5 So Ib ailS gallA 620 22 2
10 Ib ailS gallA 43middotS 23 2Sevin 80S 15 Ib ailS gallA 55S 22 1
20 Ib ailS gallA 827 26 1 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 894 2S S
Check - So 42 40
2S Ib ai5 gallA 800 29 6
50 lb ailS gallA 911-1 25 3 10 Ib ailS gallA SlLtO 26 2
NI Orthene 7SS ~J
15 Ib ailS gallA 9)-1-0 29 0 I 20 Ib ailS gallA 940 22 0
35 Ib ai5 gallA 940 19 0 Check - 7S 48 Sl
Sevin-4-oil + 20 1b ailS gallA 770 39 6 T X-190 + H2O 35 Ib ai5 gallA 870 3S 9
12S Ib ailS gallA 750 15 1NTH 9306 5 Ib ailS gallA 730 IS 2
oCheck - 20 10j
l Post-treatment readings based on 5th day after treatment
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Conclusion Initial results show that Imidan~ 50 Wp gave ca 5~o folia~~ protection and ca 16 larval reduction at the 3 higher dosages
SevillE 80S gave ca 76 foliage protection and ca 99 reduction in larval activity at the 3 higher dosages
Orthenereg 758 gave ca 94 foliage protection and ca 100 larval control at the 3 higher dosages
In comparison the two new formulations of Sevin-4-oil and T X-190 and H20 and NTN 9306 gave ca 8~o and 74 foliage protection respectively and ca 78 and 87 reduction in larval activity respectively
Data in the following table indicate that Orthene0) 758 and Sevi~ 80S will give the greatest degree of foliage protection as well as reducing larval activity on a 15 foot string count
-22shy
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II I)
II I)
Project Number GM 614 Proj8ct Title Evaluation of Pesticides for Browntail Moth Report Period April 1 1976 - September 31 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
The primary objective of this p~oject is to screen candidate materials against the browntail moth
Orthene reg was the only material tested against brown tail larvae
Dosage Instar 110rtali ty Days
After Treatment
1 IbaigalA II 92 2 05 IbaigalA II 100 2 025 IbaigalA II 96 2 012 IbaigalA II 90 2 006lbaigalA II 98 2 Check II loS 2
Mr McLane Mr Stockbridge Mr Stelle Mr Mosley and Mr Cartier met with Cape Cod National Seashore personnel to discuss future broNQtail work on the Cape A 5 year program was proposed as a result of the meeting and phone conversations vi th the Department of Interior and APHIS personnel
1976 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil ground plots with Sevin 80S
1977 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil Pyrethrin and Dimilin
1978 Select the most promising from the ones experimentally tested in 1976 and 1977 treat the entire infestation on Cape Cod using aircraft backpacks and mistblowers
1979 Clean up any infestation left
1980 Clean up any infestation left
However after a meeting wi th the Seashore Advisory Committee park super-shyintendent Hadley made a decision that no spraying should be done Q~til
the committee was informed of our plans and their approval was obtained To date this meeting has not come about
Meetings
Area I Managerial Meeting Hartford Corill Mr McLane gave a talk on the proposed 5 year broivntai1 moth program for Cape Cod Mass
Mr McLane met with Mr J KilIan Chief Environmentalist for the Cape Cod National Seashore to discuss the brovrrtaiL problem at the Seashore
-23shy
bullbullbullbull II II
bull II II II II
bullbullbullbullbull
Project Number (~riI 6l5 Project Title Regulatory Treatments (Laboratory - Field) Report Period AfrE 1 1976 - September W 1976 Report TJpe Irl tertIa Project Leaders Winfred H McLane L Ii Herbaugh J A Einney
The lack of effective treatment methods fer recreational vehicles and mobile homes is a major dficipncy Ll the APHIS Gypsy Hath regulatory program Slt1xpcIimentcl laboratory and field tests are conducted to develop improved techniques for cP2ling iii tt thi s and other r811atory problems
On December 191175 a residue test I2S s tartlaquo Nt) 7 irs(~ctiGiles Tvo hundr-ed tar paper squares (6 x 6) each were treated with insectjcide using amp c 5 It aita1 soLut i on SevfTI insecticideswere tested with 1 set of tar paper used fUJ a check The papers were treated to the point of runshyoff Half of t he paper-s were aged oucdoor-s tacked under (4 x 8) sheets of masonite haI f were hs Ld inside the laboratory Norie were exposed to sunlight
Ten newly h~tchd sectYl)sy noth larvae were exposed to tar paper sheets at 10 day Lnte rval a iC)r the f i r s t lCO days of aging fo Llowing treatment This was achieve by pLacing +he paper in a cyl inrrricaL cardboard container wi th artificial di et lt J10rta1 ity readings were( made after 24 hours and L8 hours
Mortality Hr- JJarvae Exposed After Naterial Aged
Material ~___ to IvIaterial U)() Days 200 Das 260 Lays
DDT 50 vp Insil1Ff lGO 100 32 inside ~CJO 100 100
0Outside 100 jlt 20 UlI1sideuro- 100 100 100
Resmethrin Inside 24 28 (EC) Inside )-8 oP R4 I ~)
IJutfLfle 24 28 48 7)-
SBP-l Sl) 2L R(8C) Ll~middot
OJ 9C -I iOe
96
10 1f)C
bullbull II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
bullbull
I10rtality Hr La~Jae Exposed After Ha terial
laterial Aged to r1aterial 100 Days 200 Days 26C Daye
Phoxin Inside 24 100 98 100 (EC) IIlside 48 100 100 100
Outs i de 24 100 100 100 Outside La 100 100 100
Pyrenone Inside 2L+ 34 46 2 (EC) insLde 48 60 72 46
cdOutside --I~ 38 16 a Outside I+8 61~ +2 28
I1onitor Inside ~I lUO )eLf 78 (L
G~)(EC) 118 1)0 100 Outsids 2Li 66 46
ooOutside LiS i(JO z jLi
) I Check Inside - -t 5~middot 26 0 - j
Insid~ hB ~L gt+ 6 l)uttir~c 4 20 2 Cllt3ide- ~t~~ t ~ 1+0 6
Based on Laboratrrv rfsul tc lJresented in the IJst report a field test was started August 3 196 with Iop Job pine scent wax [ax remover Dimilin and fire ex t ingui shcr agent Ten egg masses are be ing treated each month from August 3 197C unt i I April 1 1977 Five masses are being covered wi th black building paper and S are being left exposed lhree dosages of each material are being usel along wi th a check
During April 1977 211 eggs will be col Lec ted and incubated in the labora-middot tory for hatch If hatch can hi pr2vented it may be possible to uae one or more of thlaquo materials as a treatment on tr_L18rs and RVs
To date 3 t reatments haveJeer made
On June 23 19761+ uate r i al s (Sevin (583 S8 [n-i~-il Orthene and Lrridan ) most generally used f Jr gypsy mot h control h~ sprayed -+0 the poi rrt of runshyoff on 110 acre plots us ing a back-pack mist~jL)1er Dosago s usee were same as rec()mmeIldw~ in ths APHIS recillatorJ rnanual
Every 3 day fo11ovrC9 tl(~atment rliage was c oll eo te d and Lioassaysd against 3ro instar Larvae 1fCt~middot~ 72 hour lrtality reading being mado After 9middot days treated foliag wal stiLl givirfL~_2[pound211eln mortalitx
q ~[ortality After Material L Days Ul Days lC s3[S _
Sevin 8)3
Sev-inmiddotmiddotL-Gil OrtbeEe Imidan Check 17
--
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II
bullbullbullbull
II
Project Number GM 616 Project Title Field Testing of Javenile Hormone Analogs for Ovicidal
Activity Report Period Anril 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Itterim Project Leaders Charles P Schwa2be A P Norris
The juvenile hormone analogs Al tozar lE and ZR-t19 SE have been reported as having ovicidal properties When gypsy moth 8fg nasses are deposited on recently treated surfaces hat chab iLi ty yf 8ggS is reduced ZR-619 also appears to inhibit female moths from layingjhriT full complement of eggs Compounds with these properties may be user1 fOT regulatory treatments
Boles of white and red oak trees -lere sprayed foe tho point of ruri-off with water emulsions of Altozar and ZR-619 at 8g1 Ireatsents were aged for 1 3 7 14 21 and 28 days before bioassay At tb~ end of each aging period S or more 3 day old mated female moths from f Le Ld collected pupae were imprisoned on each of S trees (total ()f 25 replicatestreatment) Ihere were 10 replicates (2 trees) for each control The female moths that deposited egg masses were recovered (generally after one day) placed in polyethylene bags and frOZet111D riI they could be dissected to determine the number of unl a i d eggs Egg masses wiI 1 be coJlscted from the treated and control surfaces during IlecembQr 1976 an~ tested for embryonation parasi tization and ha tchabiLt ty
Females from the 1 3 7 and 28 day exposure pe r i ous have been dissected and unlaid eggs counted The results are shovn by the accompanying tab Le Preliminarily it appears that with the excep ti on of the 1 day ZR-61) treatment there was no effect of treatment on the nurnbe r of eggs laid by female moths It is interesting to note that laboratoryreaTf3(J tno th s were useci for the 1 day ZR-6l9 trea tluent Dcotailed disCUSSJCiD 01 thesA data will be deferred until all ]~eSl--l ts OCl egg smbryona t i on parc~si_ t i zation and hatchability have been obtained
-26shy
-----------
middot-------_ bullbullbull _~ bullbull EGGS lJlI11AID EY FENALES EXPOSED TO TRUNKS pHEATED WITH ALTOZAR 4E lIJm ZRmiddot-619 SE
Q2Y2129ynd
Iiays Treatment
ampif_~i
Numbe-r of Used
_fre~ t Control
Females Recovered
Tle~t __CoDjl~_
Numbe-r Unlaid Eggs Total Average
1reaJ_Qonto L)~1Zs~J_-0ontro1
Al i008) ) E~
ZI -~ I~~ 19 ~I~~
I
J 36 c )
14 Ij(1
32 ~
1 f 1~Lr
13 123[3 7G34
380 1797
387 )36
271 138 ~)
A1 t ozar I
11-- S1 C] ~ --
3
3 L~O
50 16 T1-s 1shy
30 ~)8
If) 1 -Llt
1394 1519
619 - (1 I
J-~
L+65 5hJ
Lf 13 493
A1 t-IZ~lX )~r~
~~R-C ~L9 ~jE
i ~ r ~O
Igt ~ c
15 18
J- 39
11 1 I LL4
104)~ l1-rr
660 F3S5
J26 292
508 632
I ) -J
I
Al t 0 L~i C i~)
-~Ti lt(j1 r)
Altozar wE Z11-(19 SE
)Q
~
- ~)
- 1 j
LJ
25 27
3j
30
12 -
-ii
14 IS
2S ~) ~
25 2S
10 1U
11 J 2
805 sed
1059 1398
2L~6 r(0
JJSO 9
2 3)
Li24 5)9
25() 6
12~ 7 391
JfJrtttcry r~ared iEIalCs ant] m3Jl~ used aUJthers ere fr-om f iel d collected pupae
bullbull Project Number GM 622
bull Project Title Responses of ~Ble Gypsy Moths to Traps as AffecteC ~
the PeatE of Pheromone Release Report Period April I 1976 - Septe~ber 30 1976
bullbull
Report Type Errcer im Project Leaders Charles P Sch~Lb2 E C Paszek
Preliminary trapping experiments with disparlure indicated that attracti-veshyness is affected by the rJte at which the pheromone is released from the trap Large amount s of lure seemed 0 have an inhfb i torr or repellent effect ConfLrmatorv studies were planned in which multiples of Corrre Ic fibers would be used to bait standaTd delta traps in order to define the pheromone ls1ea8e rate at which maxinnna attradiveness 10 sul ted Such inshyformation would be 2xcPPdingly useful in pI(eparnf specifications for comshy
bull mercial production of progTam pheromone dispenpers Unfortunately certain difficulties vpre encYLmtered in developing a sound expemiddotrinental program and it was suggested that this work be carried out by scientists at the
bullPennsylvania Stat Uni ve r-si ty Freliminary date have been made available to us but we 8re unable to uti I izhen in this report
bullExperiments in tti- pr)j0ct aCil Cl conduc tcd in collaboration with the ARS Optically active enantiCnj2rs of cis-Jlrparhrre were generously made available by Dr NarU1n(j~ Nagoya Uruve r-s i vs Iagoya Japan The objective of the tests was to determine the attractiveness (or other biological
bull properties) of tIl optically active ~nantiomers of disparlure Similar experiments were conducted by scientists from Nlchigan State University and the New York and C~~1nectiut State Agricultural Experimerct Stations
bullbullThese tests weI c onduc tcd in a natural infestation in FaTl River State Porest ILl lraps gtJere baited wit[ cc t t on dentJ wicks to which had been applied the indicated amcunt s of ( ) and-) (-) disparlure Delta traps were used in all ttsts i)fj a 25 III grid pat tfJ~11 rh) numbe r- of malt motho captured gtl2S reeordec c regular LrrtsrvaLs
In one experim8~lt the attrac tivene ns of racemic d i apar-I ure was compared with that of (+) enarrti omar Ihe rssults of middotshi test are given in Table 1
Table I Number of moths captur-sd il trans middotcLti ted with varying amount s elf racemic and optically active Hsparlure
1 L
lCCJC
------------------__-----_ _--__------shy
II II These ltlata clearly reflect -gt0 superior attractancy of the (+) enarrt iore r
compared with that of racemic mate r i al Approximately 10 X more raoths were captured with 100 ug (+) disP8rlure than with an equal amount of racemic pheromone Unfor-tuna te Ly limited amounts of the enantiomers
II prohibited testing at dosages gTeater than 10C ug and therefore it is
II not known if greater dosages woull -Lead to repeLten t or inhibitory effects It should also be noted that the Jptically active material contained ca 66 of its an t i podo Hirhly puCified pbermiddot~Cwj~e would likely yield someshywhat different data Ih_u is the first rcpc--t of 3~ clear relationship beshytween dosage and r-e sponee wheIc n_creased ple romone concentration y-ields a corresponding increase in ruoth response
II In another test the inhLbi t ory properties ()f t1gt (-) s nant iomar- were quantified deti3rrninirlg tile at t ractivenes (~r var i cus ratios of (+) and (-) disparlure These lata a~e presented n Table I
bull Table II NWllber of riaLe mo trs captured in tIP -x1ited with various
t~r8rltiomer ra tios
bull ----- -~---_ I shy
ugtraJ ug -) per Average catch ( -I- ) -i- _----LQ_ llg ~~_ J2eL_tmiddotr~a=p _
9 jL o (I te 936 1 1 75 120
c99 _J j 3-68 63 I
bull J 00 ioo L+ 12 ~ ~I I ) 380 32
bull L159 59 ~ 08
As addi tiCmiddot] iJlCgt1EltS oi (-) middotnre tdded V_ ij CZS ccntaiuing 10 uij (+) a t tr-activene ss 22di~J jmiddotrc~8s-(~ dsmonc2at~E the Lnhib i tOIJ nature
Yn t he ( c-~ j bull_ 1 m n - v 11+ i (1 60L f th01 rllt~ - 11 ccuUCc JgO_Ll -l_~e au k bull t-_f- CO bullbull oa~ne I )0 0 v bull e
II bull ) - -- n -I- f- - ~ 1 s +--- +- bull - -- - f ( rl J l dOppOSle c_Dctl_bull )Eler hie e_ua ar tr-ac mvene so O~ + -LlSpar_Ure COU
Dot be ceteIlied ~~xt-aTJ)lation of the p]ttcCc data suggests that 9Cf~ (+) disp2rl1lle 1~Cl~_middot(J cap turv 15-~() t i mes a iafr ~ioths as TaGer-tic phero-shymane at tho 10 -cC -2vel
A rnore 6ta-iled -report i s cur-rentIy ceins- lYr-pT~P( JJ_C pub lication The manuacrLpt -middotimiddotL 1 c~ i ~11 uIsd ~ n tho nex t LacL8tcr_~ P~ IJort
Project Number GM 623 Project Title Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leader Charles P Schwalbe
There is no progress to report on this project A prototype apparatus is being assembled which will permit systematic evaluation of various collection substrates Recent papers report successful collection of airborn volatiles on Porapak Q and Molecular sieve If quantitative collection of disparlure from female moths is s11ccessful pheromone emission will be used as a standard for determining quality of insects mass reared under various conditions
I I I I I
-30shy
I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I
Project Number GM 626 Project Title Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leader Edward C Paszek
Tree Tanglefoot a natural product made from castor oil gum resins and vegetable wax was used as an adhesive for sJPSY moth traps for )6 years 1913-1969 It was replaced in 1970 with Tack Trap a synthetic plastic type adhesive (polyisobutylene) which was less costly and through field testing found to be more effective than Tree Tanglefoot in holding capshytured moths in a trap Tack Trap has gone up in price fr-om $0421b in 1970 to $130lb in 1976 A number of companies are marketing synthetic sticky compounds to protect trees from climbing insects and as bird reshypellants These compounds were compared with Tack Trap and Tree Tanglefoot to determine their effectiveness in holding ca~tured ~psy moths
8plusmn5 of the following six compounds were weighed and applied to approxishymately 286 cm2 of the interior surface area of Delta traps An aging study on 12 these open traps was conducted in the greenhouse at a tempshyerature range of 10degC to 32degC for 5) months (119-62376) A field bioassay was made on 71476 after 6 months of aging in a natural infestshyation followed by a laboratory bioassay 91676 after 8 months of aging
Table I Mean number of 6 Boths per trap after 1 hour field bioassay in heavy infestation 24 hour laboratory chamber bioassay with )00 released 6 moths
Field Laboratory
Tack Trap (new sample) 145 60 Bird Iang1efoot 120 90 Excelcide Bird Repellant 105 200 Tack Trap (old sample) t10 105 Stikem-Special Iree Tanglefoot
6S o r
14)1)
After 6 months of aging in open traps Tack Prap Bird Ianglefoot Excelshycide Bird Repellant and Stikem-Special held captur-ed native moths Tree Tanglefoot glazed over and was a poor adhesive When bioassayed Ln a laboratory chamber after 8 months oflging vri it released moths many moths entered and fLev out of the traps indcating that the adhe sive tend to dry out and stiffen after Long periods of aging
The remaining samples were stored folded flat on the shelf in a closed paper carton at room te~perature (approxi~ately 22C) B~th sets of traps were weighed after 6 weeks of aging (3176) to deterwiu8 weight loss of the adhesives due to voLat i Liza t i on of solvents
-ushy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
-32shy
bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II II II II
bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
-----
Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
- 34shy-
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
-35shy
II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
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0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
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II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
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Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
-49shy
I I
Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
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I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
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Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
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Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
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I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
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-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
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I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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-------------------shy 111
--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
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AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
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~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
-69shy
I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
bull 1
bullbull bullbullbullbullbull
------- ------gt-_-------------- shy
I1aterial Noz zl e s Orifice
Di miLi n 2 middotIP 006 It d t falA (eal12l) D8-L5 Q
006 10 2j lsd11A DP-middothS Dd-L[r C006 Ib aigallA
J)imillc J 3 (~1 +
Kerosene 003 it Dlqt 80C2FF
Dimilin 1 ~ 0j J
Tli ton X-I + water
8002FF
05 lb aiqt C~~ 2f ~1
iraquo 1b 3iL_ ozA
o 5 ib middot--1 L
10 Lb 8iL-O D002FF
-Evalll~_tior~ ~~~~)~-h ~--Tn~ZIJ8n t J(~~~ emiddot~Ll1at(-a r~(l1Tl the s tandpo trrt of fo lLage protec t i or -ti16 TC [)J-L t -1 crj T~dJ lt middott~ t
tClt)[[l li~LlfiJ 0stJIuates of t~e deg-ree of I rLo t s a t the termination of larval
) f-L CL[ ~ ~ C~-j Lnl rL~~
CC)Lj]gtajng f~_vJ -- ru t C 3 ~ T j 11~
arI~ pl o C5 b~i prl i ~cd p- I Spmiddotrciy JJ -~~LLtl the ex ~ept~---~~ TLrrli~lL ) ~1 all
7shy k( I~C Smiddot- rlE~ _gti~ ~~ - t -) X-19 1 ) -I 12-(middotmiddot-shy ~L~~- ~)l~j_l-in WF
gtrhi c h ~[c -~1 (~ n( -t~ ~I()X ina te ~Y r~ Ii ~~V 1 tf-~r trea tmsnt
(middot~middotf-_lmiddotmiddotl
)JJ
bullbull
ConoIus ion i PT~~i i nunarv data S11~)W tha t all formuLa r ions o r rljiti~l 8JG
Sevin-L-oLl + kcrosble rave (~xce~_ ent results in larval reductJon FrLlbullegg mass vcount L ~ hi macJe +0 Cetenline i this conoi tion continues to hold true
bull One nitial -()nI~ 1~~-)_~2- th_L~ 3~hOv1=~ oxceLlent po ten LLaI is the fact tIlat DimiLi rs - c P JbfcYi appl ie_l at H20 f viJ E le S8 than S oak f()l~_~tge ~-~(lDsicr~ gave g~o)d f- LJ~~(- p-otmiddotciinl and r-uced l arval actishy
bull v ty rl1~aj1~-~1tly ltbullbull T=~ LY 10 )C
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- II II II -shyAfl~U1GE COUNT
10 +shy 0 cc o o o o
~ ~- coe DinuLln 25 wP (early) 06 IbgallA
~~ Dimilin 25 vIP (normal) 06 Ib2 qtA
fojf-
~ I-j CD
~~-~~X~~~~-~~~-~~~~bull
Sevin-4-oil - Kerosene 1 Ib40 ozA
Dirnilln 33 oil - TXl90shy ~CJter 03 IbqtA
Dimilin 33 oil - Kerosene 03 IbqtA
l1 1 CD I
(fJ
0 f-j
~
~ ~ ~
10 1--3 CD r p g c+ CD
f-J p1
~ ~
~~
~~
~~~
lmiddotmiddot 1 IXlt)0 ir t ~ hI + rJeJln-+-OT - - Wo el bullJ UfIi
D middot J tro 06 Ib ~ Ianui rn ~ vvr- gaL li
Sevin I J K~Yr c-nIle lt Ibq+ r0t l-+-j _~L - u gtJ bull 1 - _J bull vi l
~d
o to c+ bullto
d - ~
I
m c+ I-jf-J
~ o o
~ (fJ
~~ Sevin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water 1 Ib) OZA
~~~ Sevirl--4-oil - Txl90 - Water 25 IbqtA
I -- (X)
I
~)t)~ E Untreated Ch8Cks
-bullbull Ptlo~SNI tuLIIGF f3fiE-1IlN
tV Jgt 0shy co o o o o o o
061bgalA D-lmilin 25 WP (early)
I - I Iebull uO J-o I~ erG i1 JimHin 25 wP (normal) I-rj
j-J
o~ f-J (1)
Sevin-4-oil - Kero sene I--~ Ib40 ozA I-rj ll 0 UJ I-
~h 0 lbmiddot(jmiddott gt - 11 DirJlin 33 oil - TXl90 - Water I-- p1 CD UJ CD UJ
rI-~ Diu-Uin 33 oiI - Ke ro ~ene 00Obull 3 1(1 qt 1-
sect co
f-- c+ OJ-J ampl 0
~evin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water bull l51bqtA
lJ f-J CD
DiJ1lilin 25 l-lP I06 IbgalA to
1j f-J Pl
lti
51bqtA _ Sevin-L~-oil - Kero sene pD H o I-- j-J
-o
p c+~ Ib40 OZA _ Sevin-L-oil - TXl90 - Water f-J
~
25 IbqtA Selin-4-oil - TX1-90 - ltIater
Untreated Checks I
f- -0
I
I I II II III I
II II II II
-
Project Number GM 613 Project Title Field Testing of Ground Applied Insecticides Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Larry L Herbaugh W H McLane C R Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Experimental use permits were received from EPA in early June 1976 for testing Orthene 75S Imidanreg 50 Wp Sevi~) 80S In addishytion to the above Sevin-4-oil with water and NTN 9306 were tested
One-acre plots were established in the Bald Eagle State Forest lands in Centre and Clinton Counties Pennsylvania These plots contained a measureshyable population of gypsy moth eggs and were located in heavily wooded areas representative of campground situations
These plots were established so that they were ca 200 feet square with a small dirt road dividing them Within each one-acre plot two subplots or sampling units were established Each of these illlits comprised 140 of an acre and was placed on each side of the road These 140 acre sampling units were used for all evaluations throughout the program
Application Only a small quantity of materials were needed for application Because of this materials were mixed on site using conventior~l mixing equipment and a nurse tank for a water supply All mixing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between treatments to avoid any adultershya tion
The materials were applied with a John Bean Mist Blower mounted on a 1-12 ton 4-wheel drive truck at the following rates
25 Ib a ir gal H20A
50 lb ai5 gal H20A Orthene 75S 10 It ai5 gal H20A Imidan So Wp 15 Ib ailS gal H20A and Sevin 80S 20 Ib ailS gal H2OA
3S Ib ai5 gal H2OA
Each of these dosages was replicated 3 times for each material
125 Ib ailS gal H20ANTN 9J06 50 Ib ai5 gal H20A
Sevin-4-oil and 20 Ib ailS gal H20A T X-190 + water 35 Ib ailS gal H20A
Evaluation Each treatment was evaluated from the standpoint of percent foliage protection larvae reduction using a 15 foot string count and egg massesacre reduction Tht latter data is not yet available at this vrriting
Foliage protection and larvae reduction are shown in the following table
-20shy
II - II - II II II II II II II - - II II -- shy -Foliage Average Larval String Counts
Material Dosage Protection Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment l 25 Ib ai5 gallA L~9 5 20 46 50 Ib ai5 gallA 667 25 22
10 lb ai5 gallA 854 30 20Imidan 50 wp 15 lb ai5 gallA 580 18 33
20 Ib ai5 gallA 565 2S 16 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 420 33 14
Check - 3middotS 19 8
1O25 Ib ai5 gallA -LL bull 5 26 5 So Ib ailS gallA 620 22 2
10 Ib ailS gallA 43middotS 23 2Sevin 80S 15 Ib ailS gallA 55S 22 1
20 Ib ailS gallA 827 26 1 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 894 2S S
Check - So 42 40
2S Ib ai5 gallA 800 29 6
50 lb ailS gallA 911-1 25 3 10 Ib ailS gallA SlLtO 26 2
NI Orthene 7SS ~J
15 Ib ailS gallA 9)-1-0 29 0 I 20 Ib ailS gallA 940 22 0
35 Ib ai5 gallA 940 19 0 Check - 7S 48 Sl
Sevin-4-oil + 20 1b ailS gallA 770 39 6 T X-190 + H2O 35 Ib ai5 gallA 870 3S 9
12S Ib ailS gallA 750 15 1NTH 9306 5 Ib ailS gallA 730 IS 2
oCheck - 20 10j
l Post-treatment readings based on 5th day after treatment
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Conclusion Initial results show that Imidan~ 50 Wp gave ca 5~o folia~~ protection and ca 16 larval reduction at the 3 higher dosages
SevillE 80S gave ca 76 foliage protection and ca 99 reduction in larval activity at the 3 higher dosages
Orthenereg 758 gave ca 94 foliage protection and ca 100 larval control at the 3 higher dosages
In comparison the two new formulations of Sevin-4-oil and T X-190 and H20 and NTN 9306 gave ca 8~o and 74 foliage protection respectively and ca 78 and 87 reduction in larval activity respectively
Data in the following table indicate that Orthene0) 758 and Sevi~ 80S will give the greatest degree of foliage protection as well as reducing larval activity on a 15 foot string count
-22shy
bullbull I)
I)
I)
I)
bullbullbullbullbull II II I)
II I)
II I)
Project Number GM 614 Proj8ct Title Evaluation of Pesticides for Browntail Moth Report Period April 1 1976 - September 31 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
The primary objective of this p~oject is to screen candidate materials against the browntail moth
Orthene reg was the only material tested against brown tail larvae
Dosage Instar 110rtali ty Days
After Treatment
1 IbaigalA II 92 2 05 IbaigalA II 100 2 025 IbaigalA II 96 2 012 IbaigalA II 90 2 006lbaigalA II 98 2 Check II loS 2
Mr McLane Mr Stockbridge Mr Stelle Mr Mosley and Mr Cartier met with Cape Cod National Seashore personnel to discuss future broNQtail work on the Cape A 5 year program was proposed as a result of the meeting and phone conversations vi th the Department of Interior and APHIS personnel
1976 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil ground plots with Sevin 80S
1977 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil Pyrethrin and Dimilin
1978 Select the most promising from the ones experimentally tested in 1976 and 1977 treat the entire infestation on Cape Cod using aircraft backpacks and mistblowers
1979 Clean up any infestation left
1980 Clean up any infestation left
However after a meeting wi th the Seashore Advisory Committee park super-shyintendent Hadley made a decision that no spraying should be done Q~til
the committee was informed of our plans and their approval was obtained To date this meeting has not come about
Meetings
Area I Managerial Meeting Hartford Corill Mr McLane gave a talk on the proposed 5 year broivntai1 moth program for Cape Cod Mass
Mr McLane met with Mr J KilIan Chief Environmentalist for the Cape Cod National Seashore to discuss the brovrrtaiL problem at the Seashore
-23shy
bullbullbullbull II II
bull II II II II
bullbullbullbullbull
Project Number (~riI 6l5 Project Title Regulatory Treatments (Laboratory - Field) Report Period AfrE 1 1976 - September W 1976 Report TJpe Irl tertIa Project Leaders Winfred H McLane L Ii Herbaugh J A Einney
The lack of effective treatment methods fer recreational vehicles and mobile homes is a major dficipncy Ll the APHIS Gypsy Hath regulatory program Slt1xpcIimentcl laboratory and field tests are conducted to develop improved techniques for cP2ling iii tt thi s and other r811atory problems
On December 191175 a residue test I2S s tartlaquo Nt) 7 irs(~ctiGiles Tvo hundr-ed tar paper squares (6 x 6) each were treated with insectjcide using amp c 5 It aita1 soLut i on SevfTI insecticideswere tested with 1 set of tar paper used fUJ a check The papers were treated to the point of runshyoff Half of t he paper-s were aged oucdoor-s tacked under (4 x 8) sheets of masonite haI f were hs Ld inside the laboratory Norie were exposed to sunlight
Ten newly h~tchd sectYl)sy noth larvae were exposed to tar paper sheets at 10 day Lnte rval a iC)r the f i r s t lCO days of aging fo Llowing treatment This was achieve by pLacing +he paper in a cyl inrrricaL cardboard container wi th artificial di et lt J10rta1 ity readings were( made after 24 hours and L8 hours
Mortality Hr- JJarvae Exposed After Naterial Aged
Material ~___ to IvIaterial U)() Days 200 Das 260 Lays
DDT 50 vp Insil1Ff lGO 100 32 inside ~CJO 100 100
0Outside 100 jlt 20 UlI1sideuro- 100 100 100
Resmethrin Inside 24 28 (EC) Inside )-8 oP R4 I ~)
IJutfLfle 24 28 48 7)-
SBP-l Sl) 2L R(8C) Ll~middot
OJ 9C -I iOe
96
10 1f)C
bullbull II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
bullbull
I10rtality Hr La~Jae Exposed After Ha terial
laterial Aged to r1aterial 100 Days 200 Days 26C Daye
Phoxin Inside 24 100 98 100 (EC) IIlside 48 100 100 100
Outs i de 24 100 100 100 Outside La 100 100 100
Pyrenone Inside 2L+ 34 46 2 (EC) insLde 48 60 72 46
cdOutside --I~ 38 16 a Outside I+8 61~ +2 28
I1onitor Inside ~I lUO )eLf 78 (L
G~)(EC) 118 1)0 100 Outsids 2Li 66 46
ooOutside LiS i(JO z jLi
) I Check Inside - -t 5~middot 26 0 - j
Insid~ hB ~L gt+ 6 l)uttir~c 4 20 2 Cllt3ide- ~t~~ t ~ 1+0 6
Based on Laboratrrv rfsul tc lJresented in the IJst report a field test was started August 3 196 with Iop Job pine scent wax [ax remover Dimilin and fire ex t ingui shcr agent Ten egg masses are be ing treated each month from August 3 197C unt i I April 1 1977 Five masses are being covered wi th black building paper and S are being left exposed lhree dosages of each material are being usel along wi th a check
During April 1977 211 eggs will be col Lec ted and incubated in the labora-middot tory for hatch If hatch can hi pr2vented it may be possible to uae one or more of thlaquo materials as a treatment on tr_L18rs and RVs
To date 3 t reatments haveJeer made
On June 23 19761+ uate r i al s (Sevin (583 S8 [n-i~-il Orthene and Lrridan ) most generally used f Jr gypsy mot h control h~ sprayed -+0 the poi rrt of runshyoff on 110 acre plots us ing a back-pack mist~jL)1er Dosago s usee were same as rec()mmeIldw~ in ths APHIS recillatorJ rnanual
Every 3 day fo11ovrC9 tl(~atment rliage was c oll eo te d and Lioassaysd against 3ro instar Larvae 1fCt~middot~ 72 hour lrtality reading being mado After 9middot days treated foliag wal stiLl givirfL~_2[pound211eln mortalitx
q ~[ortality After Material L Days Ul Days lC s3[S _
Sevin 8)3
Sev-inmiddotmiddotL-Gil OrtbeEe Imidan Check 17
--
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II
bullbullbullbull
II
Project Number GM 616 Project Title Field Testing of Javenile Hormone Analogs for Ovicidal
Activity Report Period Anril 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Itterim Project Leaders Charles P Schwa2be A P Norris
The juvenile hormone analogs Al tozar lE and ZR-t19 SE have been reported as having ovicidal properties When gypsy moth 8fg nasses are deposited on recently treated surfaces hat chab iLi ty yf 8ggS is reduced ZR-619 also appears to inhibit female moths from layingjhriT full complement of eggs Compounds with these properties may be user1 fOT regulatory treatments
Boles of white and red oak trees -lere sprayed foe tho point of ruri-off with water emulsions of Altozar and ZR-619 at 8g1 Ireatsents were aged for 1 3 7 14 21 and 28 days before bioassay At tb~ end of each aging period S or more 3 day old mated female moths from f Le Ld collected pupae were imprisoned on each of S trees (total ()f 25 replicatestreatment) Ihere were 10 replicates (2 trees) for each control The female moths that deposited egg masses were recovered (generally after one day) placed in polyethylene bags and frOZet111D riI they could be dissected to determine the number of unl a i d eggs Egg masses wiI 1 be coJlscted from the treated and control surfaces during IlecembQr 1976 an~ tested for embryonation parasi tization and ha tchabiLt ty
Females from the 1 3 7 and 28 day exposure pe r i ous have been dissected and unlaid eggs counted The results are shovn by the accompanying tab Le Preliminarily it appears that with the excep ti on of the 1 day ZR-61) treatment there was no effect of treatment on the nurnbe r of eggs laid by female moths It is interesting to note that laboratoryreaTf3(J tno th s were useci for the 1 day ZR-6l9 trea tluent Dcotailed disCUSSJCiD 01 thesA data will be deferred until all ]~eSl--l ts OCl egg smbryona t i on parc~si_ t i zation and hatchability have been obtained
-26shy
-----------
middot-------_ bullbullbull _~ bullbull EGGS lJlI11AID EY FENALES EXPOSED TO TRUNKS pHEATED WITH ALTOZAR 4E lIJm ZRmiddot-619 SE
Q2Y2129ynd
Iiays Treatment
ampif_~i
Numbe-r of Used
_fre~ t Control
Females Recovered
Tle~t __CoDjl~_
Numbe-r Unlaid Eggs Total Average
1reaJ_Qonto L)~1Zs~J_-0ontro1
Al i008) ) E~
ZI -~ I~~ 19 ~I~~
I
J 36 c )
14 Ij(1
32 ~
1 f 1~Lr
13 123[3 7G34
380 1797
387 )36
271 138 ~)
A1 t ozar I
11-- S1 C] ~ --
3
3 L~O
50 16 T1-s 1shy
30 ~)8
If) 1 -Llt
1394 1519
619 - (1 I
J-~
L+65 5hJ
Lf 13 493
A1 t-IZ~lX )~r~
~~R-C ~L9 ~jE
i ~ r ~O
Igt ~ c
15 18
J- 39
11 1 I LL4
104)~ l1-rr
660 F3S5
J26 292
508 632
I ) -J
I
Al t 0 L~i C i~)
-~Ti lt(j1 r)
Altozar wE Z11-(19 SE
)Q
~
- ~)
- 1 j
LJ
25 27
3j
30
12 -
-ii
14 IS
2S ~) ~
25 2S
10 1U
11 J 2
805 sed
1059 1398
2L~6 r(0
JJSO 9
2 3)
Li24 5)9
25() 6
12~ 7 391
JfJrtttcry r~ared iEIalCs ant] m3Jl~ used aUJthers ere fr-om f iel d collected pupae
bullbull Project Number GM 622
bull Project Title Responses of ~Ble Gypsy Moths to Traps as AffecteC ~
the PeatE of Pheromone Release Report Period April I 1976 - Septe~ber 30 1976
bullbull
Report Type Errcer im Project Leaders Charles P Sch~Lb2 E C Paszek
Preliminary trapping experiments with disparlure indicated that attracti-veshyness is affected by the rJte at which the pheromone is released from the trap Large amount s of lure seemed 0 have an inhfb i torr or repellent effect ConfLrmatorv studies were planned in which multiples of Corrre Ic fibers would be used to bait standaTd delta traps in order to define the pheromone ls1ea8e rate at which maxinnna attradiveness 10 sul ted Such inshyformation would be 2xcPPdingly useful in pI(eparnf specifications for comshy
bull mercial production of progTam pheromone dispenpers Unfortunately certain difficulties vpre encYLmtered in developing a sound expemiddotrinental program and it was suggested that this work be carried out by scientists at the
bullPennsylvania Stat Uni ve r-si ty Freliminary date have been made available to us but we 8re unable to uti I izhen in this report
bullExperiments in tti- pr)j0ct aCil Cl conduc tcd in collaboration with the ARS Optically active enantiCnj2rs of cis-Jlrparhrre were generously made available by Dr NarU1n(j~ Nagoya Uruve r-s i vs Iagoya Japan The objective of the tests was to determine the attractiveness (or other biological
bull properties) of tIl optically active ~nantiomers of disparlure Similar experiments were conducted by scientists from Nlchigan State University and the New York and C~~1nectiut State Agricultural Experimerct Stations
bullbullThese tests weI c onduc tcd in a natural infestation in FaTl River State Porest ILl lraps gtJere baited wit[ cc t t on dentJ wicks to which had been applied the indicated amcunt s of ( ) and-) (-) disparlure Delta traps were used in all ttsts i)fj a 25 III grid pat tfJ~11 rh) numbe r- of malt motho captured gtl2S reeordec c regular LrrtsrvaLs
In one experim8~lt the attrac tivene ns of racemic d i apar-I ure was compared with that of (+) enarrti omar Ihe rssults of middotshi test are given in Table 1
Table I Number of moths captur-sd il trans middotcLti ted with varying amount s elf racemic and optically active Hsparlure
1 L
lCCJC
------------------__-----_ _--__------shy
II II These ltlata clearly reflect -gt0 superior attractancy of the (+) enarrt iore r
compared with that of racemic mate r i al Approximately 10 X more raoths were captured with 100 ug (+) disP8rlure than with an equal amount of racemic pheromone Unfor-tuna te Ly limited amounts of the enantiomers
II prohibited testing at dosages gTeater than 10C ug and therefore it is
II not known if greater dosages woull -Lead to repeLten t or inhibitory effects It should also be noted that the Jptically active material contained ca 66 of its an t i podo Hirhly puCified pbermiddot~Cwj~e would likely yield someshywhat different data Ih_u is the first rcpc--t of 3~ clear relationship beshytween dosage and r-e sponee wheIc n_creased ple romone concentration y-ields a corresponding increase in ruoth response
II In another test the inhLbi t ory properties ()f t1gt (-) s nant iomar- were quantified deti3rrninirlg tile at t ractivenes (~r var i cus ratios of (+) and (-) disparlure These lata a~e presented n Table I
bull Table II NWllber of riaLe mo trs captured in tIP -x1ited with various
t~r8rltiomer ra tios
bull ----- -~---_ I shy
ugtraJ ug -) per Average catch ( -I- ) -i- _----LQ_ llg ~~_ J2eL_tmiddotr~a=p _
9 jL o (I te 936 1 1 75 120
c99 _J j 3-68 63 I
bull J 00 ioo L+ 12 ~ ~I I ) 380 32
bull L159 59 ~ 08
As addi tiCmiddot] iJlCgt1EltS oi (-) middotnre tdded V_ ij CZS ccntaiuing 10 uij (+) a t tr-activene ss 22di~J jmiddotrc~8s-(~ dsmonc2at~E the Lnhib i tOIJ nature
Yn t he ( c-~ j bull_ 1 m n - v 11+ i (1 60L f th01 rllt~ - 11 ccuUCc JgO_Ll -l_~e au k bull t-_f- CO bullbull oa~ne I )0 0 v bull e
II bull ) - -- n -I- f- - ~ 1 s +--- +- bull - -- - f ( rl J l dOppOSle c_Dctl_bull )Eler hie e_ua ar tr-ac mvene so O~ + -LlSpar_Ure COU
Dot be ceteIlied ~~xt-aTJ)lation of the p]ttcCc data suggests that 9Cf~ (+) disp2rl1lle 1~Cl~_middot(J cap turv 15-~() t i mes a iafr ~ioths as TaGer-tic phero-shymane at tho 10 -cC -2vel
A rnore 6ta-iled -report i s cur-rentIy ceins- lYr-pT~P( JJ_C pub lication The manuacrLpt -middotimiddotL 1 c~ i ~11 uIsd ~ n tho nex t LacL8tcr_~ P~ IJort
Project Number GM 623 Project Title Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leader Charles P Schwalbe
There is no progress to report on this project A prototype apparatus is being assembled which will permit systematic evaluation of various collection substrates Recent papers report successful collection of airborn volatiles on Porapak Q and Molecular sieve If quantitative collection of disparlure from female moths is s11ccessful pheromone emission will be used as a standard for determining quality of insects mass reared under various conditions
I I I I I
-30shy
I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I
Project Number GM 626 Project Title Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leader Edward C Paszek
Tree Tanglefoot a natural product made from castor oil gum resins and vegetable wax was used as an adhesive for sJPSY moth traps for )6 years 1913-1969 It was replaced in 1970 with Tack Trap a synthetic plastic type adhesive (polyisobutylene) which was less costly and through field testing found to be more effective than Tree Tanglefoot in holding capshytured moths in a trap Tack Trap has gone up in price fr-om $0421b in 1970 to $130lb in 1976 A number of companies are marketing synthetic sticky compounds to protect trees from climbing insects and as bird reshypellants These compounds were compared with Tack Trap and Tree Tanglefoot to determine their effectiveness in holding ca~tured ~psy moths
8plusmn5 of the following six compounds were weighed and applied to approxishymately 286 cm2 of the interior surface area of Delta traps An aging study on 12 these open traps was conducted in the greenhouse at a tempshyerature range of 10degC to 32degC for 5) months (119-62376) A field bioassay was made on 71476 after 6 months of aging in a natural infestshyation followed by a laboratory bioassay 91676 after 8 months of aging
Table I Mean number of 6 Boths per trap after 1 hour field bioassay in heavy infestation 24 hour laboratory chamber bioassay with )00 released 6 moths
Field Laboratory
Tack Trap (new sample) 145 60 Bird Iang1efoot 120 90 Excelcide Bird Repellant 105 200 Tack Trap (old sample) t10 105 Stikem-Special Iree Tanglefoot
6S o r
14)1)
After 6 months of aging in open traps Tack Prap Bird Ianglefoot Excelshycide Bird Repellant and Stikem-Special held captur-ed native moths Tree Tanglefoot glazed over and was a poor adhesive When bioassayed Ln a laboratory chamber after 8 months oflging vri it released moths many moths entered and fLev out of the traps indcating that the adhe sive tend to dry out and stiffen after Long periods of aging
The remaining samples were stored folded flat on the shelf in a closed paper carton at room te~perature (approxi~ately 22C) B~th sets of traps were weighed after 6 weeks of aging (3176) to deterwiu8 weight loss of the adhesives due to voLat i Liza t i on of solvents
-ushy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
-32shy
bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II II II II
bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
-----
Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
- 34shy-
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
-35shy
II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
-shy
CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
I -v f)
I
10
bullbull C N
bull 0shy-It)---
C) ~
~ et
gtshy ~
-lt
l 1 o Li
u Clt bull z ~ l pH
V i) j
iJ2
~
1M
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I~~ 0 tx N U
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Z
o o 0 o- 00 ~
031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
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Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
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I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
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UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
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Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
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Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
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I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
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Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
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and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
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I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
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IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
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AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
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ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
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~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
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I
I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
-69shy
I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
bullbull
ConoIus ion i PT~~i i nunarv data S11~)W tha t all formuLa r ions o r rljiti~l 8JG
Sevin-L-oLl + kcrosble rave (~xce~_ ent results in larval reductJon FrLlbullegg mass vcount L ~ hi macJe +0 Cetenline i this conoi tion continues to hold true
bull One nitial -()nI~ 1~~-)_~2- th_L~ 3~hOv1=~ oxceLlent po ten LLaI is the fact tIlat DimiLi rs - c P JbfcYi appl ie_l at H20 f viJ E le S8 than S oak f()l~_~tge ~-~(lDsicr~ gave g~o)d f- LJ~~(- p-otmiddotciinl and r-uced l arval actishy
bull v ty rl1~aj1~-~1tly ltbullbull T=~ LY 10 )C
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- II II II -shyAfl~U1GE COUNT
10 +shy 0 cc o o o o
~ ~- coe DinuLln 25 wP (early) 06 IbgallA
~~ Dimilin 25 vIP (normal) 06 Ib2 qtA
fojf-
~ I-j CD
~~-~~X~~~~-~~~-~~~~bull
Sevin-4-oil - Kerosene 1 Ib40 ozA
Dirnilln 33 oil - TXl90shy ~CJter 03 IbqtA
Dimilin 33 oil - Kerosene 03 IbqtA
l1 1 CD I
(fJ
0 f-j
~
~ ~ ~
10 1--3 CD r p g c+ CD
f-J p1
~ ~
~~
~~
~~~
lmiddotmiddot 1 IXlt)0 ir t ~ hI + rJeJln-+-OT - - Wo el bullJ UfIi
D middot J tro 06 Ib ~ Ianui rn ~ vvr- gaL li
Sevin I J K~Yr c-nIle lt Ibq+ r0t l-+-j _~L - u gtJ bull 1 - _J bull vi l
~d
o to c+ bullto
d - ~
I
m c+ I-jf-J
~ o o
~ (fJ
~~ Sevin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water 1 Ib) OZA
~~~ Sevirl--4-oil - Txl90 - Water 25 IbqtA
I -- (X)
I
~)t)~ E Untreated Ch8Cks
-bullbull Ptlo~SNI tuLIIGF f3fiE-1IlN
tV Jgt 0shy co o o o o o o
061bgalA D-lmilin 25 WP (early)
I - I Iebull uO J-o I~ erG i1 JimHin 25 wP (normal) I-rj
j-J
o~ f-J (1)
Sevin-4-oil - Kero sene I--~ Ib40 ozA I-rj ll 0 UJ I-
~h 0 lbmiddot(jmiddott gt - 11 DirJlin 33 oil - TXl90 - Water I-- p1 CD UJ CD UJ
rI-~ Diu-Uin 33 oiI - Ke ro ~ene 00Obull 3 1(1 qt 1-
sect co
f-- c+ OJ-J ampl 0
~evin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water bull l51bqtA
lJ f-J CD
DiJ1lilin 25 l-lP I06 IbgalA to
1j f-J Pl
lti
51bqtA _ Sevin-L~-oil - Kero sene pD H o I-- j-J
-o
p c+~ Ib40 OZA _ Sevin-L-oil - TXl90 - Water f-J
~
25 IbqtA Selin-4-oil - TX1-90 - ltIater
Untreated Checks I
f- -0
I
I I II II III I
II II II II
-
Project Number GM 613 Project Title Field Testing of Ground Applied Insecticides Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Larry L Herbaugh W H McLane C R Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Experimental use permits were received from EPA in early June 1976 for testing Orthene 75S Imidanreg 50 Wp Sevi~) 80S In addishytion to the above Sevin-4-oil with water and NTN 9306 were tested
One-acre plots were established in the Bald Eagle State Forest lands in Centre and Clinton Counties Pennsylvania These plots contained a measureshyable population of gypsy moth eggs and were located in heavily wooded areas representative of campground situations
These plots were established so that they were ca 200 feet square with a small dirt road dividing them Within each one-acre plot two subplots or sampling units were established Each of these illlits comprised 140 of an acre and was placed on each side of the road These 140 acre sampling units were used for all evaluations throughout the program
Application Only a small quantity of materials were needed for application Because of this materials were mixed on site using conventior~l mixing equipment and a nurse tank for a water supply All mixing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between treatments to avoid any adultershya tion
The materials were applied with a John Bean Mist Blower mounted on a 1-12 ton 4-wheel drive truck at the following rates
25 Ib a ir gal H20A
50 lb ai5 gal H20A Orthene 75S 10 It ai5 gal H20A Imidan So Wp 15 Ib ailS gal H20A and Sevin 80S 20 Ib ailS gal H2OA
3S Ib ai5 gal H2OA
Each of these dosages was replicated 3 times for each material
125 Ib ailS gal H20ANTN 9J06 50 Ib ai5 gal H20A
Sevin-4-oil and 20 Ib ailS gal H20A T X-190 + water 35 Ib ailS gal H20A
Evaluation Each treatment was evaluated from the standpoint of percent foliage protection larvae reduction using a 15 foot string count and egg massesacre reduction Tht latter data is not yet available at this vrriting
Foliage protection and larvae reduction are shown in the following table
-20shy
II - II - II II II II II II II - - II II -- shy -Foliage Average Larval String Counts
Material Dosage Protection Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment l 25 Ib ai5 gallA L~9 5 20 46 50 Ib ai5 gallA 667 25 22
10 lb ai5 gallA 854 30 20Imidan 50 wp 15 lb ai5 gallA 580 18 33
20 Ib ai5 gallA 565 2S 16 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 420 33 14
Check - 3middotS 19 8
1O25 Ib ai5 gallA -LL bull 5 26 5 So Ib ailS gallA 620 22 2
10 Ib ailS gallA 43middotS 23 2Sevin 80S 15 Ib ailS gallA 55S 22 1
20 Ib ailS gallA 827 26 1 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 894 2S S
Check - So 42 40
2S Ib ai5 gallA 800 29 6
50 lb ailS gallA 911-1 25 3 10 Ib ailS gallA SlLtO 26 2
NI Orthene 7SS ~J
15 Ib ailS gallA 9)-1-0 29 0 I 20 Ib ailS gallA 940 22 0
35 Ib ai5 gallA 940 19 0 Check - 7S 48 Sl
Sevin-4-oil + 20 1b ailS gallA 770 39 6 T X-190 + H2O 35 Ib ai5 gallA 870 3S 9
12S Ib ailS gallA 750 15 1NTH 9306 5 Ib ailS gallA 730 IS 2
oCheck - 20 10j
l Post-treatment readings based on 5th day after treatment
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Conclusion Initial results show that Imidan~ 50 Wp gave ca 5~o folia~~ protection and ca 16 larval reduction at the 3 higher dosages
SevillE 80S gave ca 76 foliage protection and ca 99 reduction in larval activity at the 3 higher dosages
Orthenereg 758 gave ca 94 foliage protection and ca 100 larval control at the 3 higher dosages
In comparison the two new formulations of Sevin-4-oil and T X-190 and H20 and NTN 9306 gave ca 8~o and 74 foliage protection respectively and ca 78 and 87 reduction in larval activity respectively
Data in the following table indicate that Orthene0) 758 and Sevi~ 80S will give the greatest degree of foliage protection as well as reducing larval activity on a 15 foot string count
-22shy
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II I)
II I)
Project Number GM 614 Proj8ct Title Evaluation of Pesticides for Browntail Moth Report Period April 1 1976 - September 31 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
The primary objective of this p~oject is to screen candidate materials against the browntail moth
Orthene reg was the only material tested against brown tail larvae
Dosage Instar 110rtali ty Days
After Treatment
1 IbaigalA II 92 2 05 IbaigalA II 100 2 025 IbaigalA II 96 2 012 IbaigalA II 90 2 006lbaigalA II 98 2 Check II loS 2
Mr McLane Mr Stockbridge Mr Stelle Mr Mosley and Mr Cartier met with Cape Cod National Seashore personnel to discuss future broNQtail work on the Cape A 5 year program was proposed as a result of the meeting and phone conversations vi th the Department of Interior and APHIS personnel
1976 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil ground plots with Sevin 80S
1977 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil Pyrethrin and Dimilin
1978 Select the most promising from the ones experimentally tested in 1976 and 1977 treat the entire infestation on Cape Cod using aircraft backpacks and mistblowers
1979 Clean up any infestation left
1980 Clean up any infestation left
However after a meeting wi th the Seashore Advisory Committee park super-shyintendent Hadley made a decision that no spraying should be done Q~til
the committee was informed of our plans and their approval was obtained To date this meeting has not come about
Meetings
Area I Managerial Meeting Hartford Corill Mr McLane gave a talk on the proposed 5 year broivntai1 moth program for Cape Cod Mass
Mr McLane met with Mr J KilIan Chief Environmentalist for the Cape Cod National Seashore to discuss the brovrrtaiL problem at the Seashore
-23shy
bullbullbullbull II II
bull II II II II
bullbullbullbullbull
Project Number (~riI 6l5 Project Title Regulatory Treatments (Laboratory - Field) Report Period AfrE 1 1976 - September W 1976 Report TJpe Irl tertIa Project Leaders Winfred H McLane L Ii Herbaugh J A Einney
The lack of effective treatment methods fer recreational vehicles and mobile homes is a major dficipncy Ll the APHIS Gypsy Hath regulatory program Slt1xpcIimentcl laboratory and field tests are conducted to develop improved techniques for cP2ling iii tt thi s and other r811atory problems
On December 191175 a residue test I2S s tartlaquo Nt) 7 irs(~ctiGiles Tvo hundr-ed tar paper squares (6 x 6) each were treated with insectjcide using amp c 5 It aita1 soLut i on SevfTI insecticideswere tested with 1 set of tar paper used fUJ a check The papers were treated to the point of runshyoff Half of t he paper-s were aged oucdoor-s tacked under (4 x 8) sheets of masonite haI f were hs Ld inside the laboratory Norie were exposed to sunlight
Ten newly h~tchd sectYl)sy noth larvae were exposed to tar paper sheets at 10 day Lnte rval a iC)r the f i r s t lCO days of aging fo Llowing treatment This was achieve by pLacing +he paper in a cyl inrrricaL cardboard container wi th artificial di et lt J10rta1 ity readings were( made after 24 hours and L8 hours
Mortality Hr- JJarvae Exposed After Naterial Aged
Material ~___ to IvIaterial U)() Days 200 Das 260 Lays
DDT 50 vp Insil1Ff lGO 100 32 inside ~CJO 100 100
0Outside 100 jlt 20 UlI1sideuro- 100 100 100
Resmethrin Inside 24 28 (EC) Inside )-8 oP R4 I ~)
IJutfLfle 24 28 48 7)-
SBP-l Sl) 2L R(8C) Ll~middot
OJ 9C -I iOe
96
10 1f)C
bullbull II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
bullbull
I10rtality Hr La~Jae Exposed After Ha terial
laterial Aged to r1aterial 100 Days 200 Days 26C Daye
Phoxin Inside 24 100 98 100 (EC) IIlside 48 100 100 100
Outs i de 24 100 100 100 Outside La 100 100 100
Pyrenone Inside 2L+ 34 46 2 (EC) insLde 48 60 72 46
cdOutside --I~ 38 16 a Outside I+8 61~ +2 28
I1onitor Inside ~I lUO )eLf 78 (L
G~)(EC) 118 1)0 100 Outsids 2Li 66 46
ooOutside LiS i(JO z jLi
) I Check Inside - -t 5~middot 26 0 - j
Insid~ hB ~L gt+ 6 l)uttir~c 4 20 2 Cllt3ide- ~t~~ t ~ 1+0 6
Based on Laboratrrv rfsul tc lJresented in the IJst report a field test was started August 3 196 with Iop Job pine scent wax [ax remover Dimilin and fire ex t ingui shcr agent Ten egg masses are be ing treated each month from August 3 197C unt i I April 1 1977 Five masses are being covered wi th black building paper and S are being left exposed lhree dosages of each material are being usel along wi th a check
During April 1977 211 eggs will be col Lec ted and incubated in the labora-middot tory for hatch If hatch can hi pr2vented it may be possible to uae one or more of thlaquo materials as a treatment on tr_L18rs and RVs
To date 3 t reatments haveJeer made
On June 23 19761+ uate r i al s (Sevin (583 S8 [n-i~-il Orthene and Lrridan ) most generally used f Jr gypsy mot h control h~ sprayed -+0 the poi rrt of runshyoff on 110 acre plots us ing a back-pack mist~jL)1er Dosago s usee were same as rec()mmeIldw~ in ths APHIS recillatorJ rnanual
Every 3 day fo11ovrC9 tl(~atment rliage was c oll eo te d and Lioassaysd against 3ro instar Larvae 1fCt~middot~ 72 hour lrtality reading being mado After 9middot days treated foliag wal stiLl givirfL~_2[pound211eln mortalitx
q ~[ortality After Material L Days Ul Days lC s3[S _
Sevin 8)3
Sev-inmiddotmiddotL-Gil OrtbeEe Imidan Check 17
--
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II
bullbullbullbull
II
Project Number GM 616 Project Title Field Testing of Javenile Hormone Analogs for Ovicidal
Activity Report Period Anril 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Itterim Project Leaders Charles P Schwa2be A P Norris
The juvenile hormone analogs Al tozar lE and ZR-t19 SE have been reported as having ovicidal properties When gypsy moth 8fg nasses are deposited on recently treated surfaces hat chab iLi ty yf 8ggS is reduced ZR-619 also appears to inhibit female moths from layingjhriT full complement of eggs Compounds with these properties may be user1 fOT regulatory treatments
Boles of white and red oak trees -lere sprayed foe tho point of ruri-off with water emulsions of Altozar and ZR-619 at 8g1 Ireatsents were aged for 1 3 7 14 21 and 28 days before bioassay At tb~ end of each aging period S or more 3 day old mated female moths from f Le Ld collected pupae were imprisoned on each of S trees (total ()f 25 replicatestreatment) Ihere were 10 replicates (2 trees) for each control The female moths that deposited egg masses were recovered (generally after one day) placed in polyethylene bags and frOZet111D riI they could be dissected to determine the number of unl a i d eggs Egg masses wiI 1 be coJlscted from the treated and control surfaces during IlecembQr 1976 an~ tested for embryonation parasi tization and ha tchabiLt ty
Females from the 1 3 7 and 28 day exposure pe r i ous have been dissected and unlaid eggs counted The results are shovn by the accompanying tab Le Preliminarily it appears that with the excep ti on of the 1 day ZR-61) treatment there was no effect of treatment on the nurnbe r of eggs laid by female moths It is interesting to note that laboratoryreaTf3(J tno th s were useci for the 1 day ZR-6l9 trea tluent Dcotailed disCUSSJCiD 01 thesA data will be deferred until all ]~eSl--l ts OCl egg smbryona t i on parc~si_ t i zation and hatchability have been obtained
-26shy
-----------
middot-------_ bullbullbull _~ bullbull EGGS lJlI11AID EY FENALES EXPOSED TO TRUNKS pHEATED WITH ALTOZAR 4E lIJm ZRmiddot-619 SE
Q2Y2129ynd
Iiays Treatment
ampif_~i
Numbe-r of Used
_fre~ t Control
Females Recovered
Tle~t __CoDjl~_
Numbe-r Unlaid Eggs Total Average
1reaJ_Qonto L)~1Zs~J_-0ontro1
Al i008) ) E~
ZI -~ I~~ 19 ~I~~
I
J 36 c )
14 Ij(1
32 ~
1 f 1~Lr
13 123[3 7G34
380 1797
387 )36
271 138 ~)
A1 t ozar I
11-- S1 C] ~ --
3
3 L~O
50 16 T1-s 1shy
30 ~)8
If) 1 -Llt
1394 1519
619 - (1 I
J-~
L+65 5hJ
Lf 13 493
A1 t-IZ~lX )~r~
~~R-C ~L9 ~jE
i ~ r ~O
Igt ~ c
15 18
J- 39
11 1 I LL4
104)~ l1-rr
660 F3S5
J26 292
508 632
I ) -J
I
Al t 0 L~i C i~)
-~Ti lt(j1 r)
Altozar wE Z11-(19 SE
)Q
~
- ~)
- 1 j
LJ
25 27
3j
30
12 -
-ii
14 IS
2S ~) ~
25 2S
10 1U
11 J 2
805 sed
1059 1398
2L~6 r(0
JJSO 9
2 3)
Li24 5)9
25() 6
12~ 7 391
JfJrtttcry r~ared iEIalCs ant] m3Jl~ used aUJthers ere fr-om f iel d collected pupae
bullbull Project Number GM 622
bull Project Title Responses of ~Ble Gypsy Moths to Traps as AffecteC ~
the PeatE of Pheromone Release Report Period April I 1976 - Septe~ber 30 1976
bullbull
Report Type Errcer im Project Leaders Charles P Sch~Lb2 E C Paszek
Preliminary trapping experiments with disparlure indicated that attracti-veshyness is affected by the rJte at which the pheromone is released from the trap Large amount s of lure seemed 0 have an inhfb i torr or repellent effect ConfLrmatorv studies were planned in which multiples of Corrre Ic fibers would be used to bait standaTd delta traps in order to define the pheromone ls1ea8e rate at which maxinnna attradiveness 10 sul ted Such inshyformation would be 2xcPPdingly useful in pI(eparnf specifications for comshy
bull mercial production of progTam pheromone dispenpers Unfortunately certain difficulties vpre encYLmtered in developing a sound expemiddotrinental program and it was suggested that this work be carried out by scientists at the
bullPennsylvania Stat Uni ve r-si ty Freliminary date have been made available to us but we 8re unable to uti I izhen in this report
bullExperiments in tti- pr)j0ct aCil Cl conduc tcd in collaboration with the ARS Optically active enantiCnj2rs of cis-Jlrparhrre were generously made available by Dr NarU1n(j~ Nagoya Uruve r-s i vs Iagoya Japan The objective of the tests was to determine the attractiveness (or other biological
bull properties) of tIl optically active ~nantiomers of disparlure Similar experiments were conducted by scientists from Nlchigan State University and the New York and C~~1nectiut State Agricultural Experimerct Stations
bullbullThese tests weI c onduc tcd in a natural infestation in FaTl River State Porest ILl lraps gtJere baited wit[ cc t t on dentJ wicks to which had been applied the indicated amcunt s of ( ) and-) (-) disparlure Delta traps were used in all ttsts i)fj a 25 III grid pat tfJ~11 rh) numbe r- of malt motho captured gtl2S reeordec c regular LrrtsrvaLs
In one experim8~lt the attrac tivene ns of racemic d i apar-I ure was compared with that of (+) enarrti omar Ihe rssults of middotshi test are given in Table 1
Table I Number of moths captur-sd il trans middotcLti ted with varying amount s elf racemic and optically active Hsparlure
1 L
lCCJC
------------------__-----_ _--__------shy
II II These ltlata clearly reflect -gt0 superior attractancy of the (+) enarrt iore r
compared with that of racemic mate r i al Approximately 10 X more raoths were captured with 100 ug (+) disP8rlure than with an equal amount of racemic pheromone Unfor-tuna te Ly limited amounts of the enantiomers
II prohibited testing at dosages gTeater than 10C ug and therefore it is
II not known if greater dosages woull -Lead to repeLten t or inhibitory effects It should also be noted that the Jptically active material contained ca 66 of its an t i podo Hirhly puCified pbermiddot~Cwj~e would likely yield someshywhat different data Ih_u is the first rcpc--t of 3~ clear relationship beshytween dosage and r-e sponee wheIc n_creased ple romone concentration y-ields a corresponding increase in ruoth response
II In another test the inhLbi t ory properties ()f t1gt (-) s nant iomar- were quantified deti3rrninirlg tile at t ractivenes (~r var i cus ratios of (+) and (-) disparlure These lata a~e presented n Table I
bull Table II NWllber of riaLe mo trs captured in tIP -x1ited with various
t~r8rltiomer ra tios
bull ----- -~---_ I shy
ugtraJ ug -) per Average catch ( -I- ) -i- _----LQ_ llg ~~_ J2eL_tmiddotr~a=p _
9 jL o (I te 936 1 1 75 120
c99 _J j 3-68 63 I
bull J 00 ioo L+ 12 ~ ~I I ) 380 32
bull L159 59 ~ 08
As addi tiCmiddot] iJlCgt1EltS oi (-) middotnre tdded V_ ij CZS ccntaiuing 10 uij (+) a t tr-activene ss 22di~J jmiddotrc~8s-(~ dsmonc2at~E the Lnhib i tOIJ nature
Yn t he ( c-~ j bull_ 1 m n - v 11+ i (1 60L f th01 rllt~ - 11 ccuUCc JgO_Ll -l_~e au k bull t-_f- CO bullbull oa~ne I )0 0 v bull e
II bull ) - -- n -I- f- - ~ 1 s +--- +- bull - -- - f ( rl J l dOppOSle c_Dctl_bull )Eler hie e_ua ar tr-ac mvene so O~ + -LlSpar_Ure COU
Dot be ceteIlied ~~xt-aTJ)lation of the p]ttcCc data suggests that 9Cf~ (+) disp2rl1lle 1~Cl~_middot(J cap turv 15-~() t i mes a iafr ~ioths as TaGer-tic phero-shymane at tho 10 -cC -2vel
A rnore 6ta-iled -report i s cur-rentIy ceins- lYr-pT~P( JJ_C pub lication The manuacrLpt -middotimiddotL 1 c~ i ~11 uIsd ~ n tho nex t LacL8tcr_~ P~ IJort
Project Number GM 623 Project Title Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leader Charles P Schwalbe
There is no progress to report on this project A prototype apparatus is being assembled which will permit systematic evaluation of various collection substrates Recent papers report successful collection of airborn volatiles on Porapak Q and Molecular sieve If quantitative collection of disparlure from female moths is s11ccessful pheromone emission will be used as a standard for determining quality of insects mass reared under various conditions
I I I I I
-30shy
I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I
Project Number GM 626 Project Title Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leader Edward C Paszek
Tree Tanglefoot a natural product made from castor oil gum resins and vegetable wax was used as an adhesive for sJPSY moth traps for )6 years 1913-1969 It was replaced in 1970 with Tack Trap a synthetic plastic type adhesive (polyisobutylene) which was less costly and through field testing found to be more effective than Tree Tanglefoot in holding capshytured moths in a trap Tack Trap has gone up in price fr-om $0421b in 1970 to $130lb in 1976 A number of companies are marketing synthetic sticky compounds to protect trees from climbing insects and as bird reshypellants These compounds were compared with Tack Trap and Tree Tanglefoot to determine their effectiveness in holding ca~tured ~psy moths
8plusmn5 of the following six compounds were weighed and applied to approxishymately 286 cm2 of the interior surface area of Delta traps An aging study on 12 these open traps was conducted in the greenhouse at a tempshyerature range of 10degC to 32degC for 5) months (119-62376) A field bioassay was made on 71476 after 6 months of aging in a natural infestshyation followed by a laboratory bioassay 91676 after 8 months of aging
Table I Mean number of 6 Boths per trap after 1 hour field bioassay in heavy infestation 24 hour laboratory chamber bioassay with )00 released 6 moths
Field Laboratory
Tack Trap (new sample) 145 60 Bird Iang1efoot 120 90 Excelcide Bird Repellant 105 200 Tack Trap (old sample) t10 105 Stikem-Special Iree Tanglefoot
6S o r
14)1)
After 6 months of aging in open traps Tack Prap Bird Ianglefoot Excelshycide Bird Repellant and Stikem-Special held captur-ed native moths Tree Tanglefoot glazed over and was a poor adhesive When bioassayed Ln a laboratory chamber after 8 months oflging vri it released moths many moths entered and fLev out of the traps indcating that the adhe sive tend to dry out and stiffen after Long periods of aging
The remaining samples were stored folded flat on the shelf in a closed paper carton at room te~perature (approxi~ately 22C) B~th sets of traps were weighed after 6 weeks of aging (3176) to deterwiu8 weight loss of the adhesives due to voLat i Liza t i on of solvents
-ushy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
-32shy
bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II II II II
bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
-----
Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
- 34shy-
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
-35shy
II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
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CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
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II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
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Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
-49shy
I I
Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
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I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
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Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
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Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
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I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
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-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
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I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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-------------------shy 111
--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
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AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
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~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
-69shy
I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- II II II -shyAfl~U1GE COUNT
10 +shy 0 cc o o o o
~ ~- coe DinuLln 25 wP (early) 06 IbgallA
~~ Dimilin 25 vIP (normal) 06 Ib2 qtA
fojf-
~ I-j CD
~~-~~X~~~~-~~~-~~~~bull
Sevin-4-oil - Kerosene 1 Ib40 ozA
Dirnilln 33 oil - TXl90shy ~CJter 03 IbqtA
Dimilin 33 oil - Kerosene 03 IbqtA
l1 1 CD I
(fJ
0 f-j
~
~ ~ ~
10 1--3 CD r p g c+ CD
f-J p1
~ ~
~~
~~
~~~
lmiddotmiddot 1 IXlt)0 ir t ~ hI + rJeJln-+-OT - - Wo el bullJ UfIi
D middot J tro 06 Ib ~ Ianui rn ~ vvr- gaL li
Sevin I J K~Yr c-nIle lt Ibq+ r0t l-+-j _~L - u gtJ bull 1 - _J bull vi l
~d
o to c+ bullto
d - ~
I
m c+ I-jf-J
~ o o
~ (fJ
~~ Sevin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water 1 Ib) OZA
~~~ Sevirl--4-oil - Txl90 - Water 25 IbqtA
I -- (X)
I
~)t)~ E Untreated Ch8Cks
-bullbull Ptlo~SNI tuLIIGF f3fiE-1IlN
tV Jgt 0shy co o o o o o o
061bgalA D-lmilin 25 WP (early)
I - I Iebull uO J-o I~ erG i1 JimHin 25 wP (normal) I-rj
j-J
o~ f-J (1)
Sevin-4-oil - Kero sene I--~ Ib40 ozA I-rj ll 0 UJ I-
~h 0 lbmiddot(jmiddott gt - 11 DirJlin 33 oil - TXl90 - Water I-- p1 CD UJ CD UJ
rI-~ Diu-Uin 33 oiI - Ke ro ~ene 00Obull 3 1(1 qt 1-
sect co
f-- c+ OJ-J ampl 0
~evin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water bull l51bqtA
lJ f-J CD
DiJ1lilin 25 l-lP I06 IbgalA to
1j f-J Pl
lti
51bqtA _ Sevin-L~-oil - Kero sene pD H o I-- j-J
-o
p c+~ Ib40 OZA _ Sevin-L-oil - TXl90 - Water f-J
~
25 IbqtA Selin-4-oil - TX1-90 - ltIater
Untreated Checks I
f- -0
I
I I II II III I
II II II II
-
Project Number GM 613 Project Title Field Testing of Ground Applied Insecticides Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Larry L Herbaugh W H McLane C R Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Experimental use permits were received from EPA in early June 1976 for testing Orthene 75S Imidanreg 50 Wp Sevi~) 80S In addishytion to the above Sevin-4-oil with water and NTN 9306 were tested
One-acre plots were established in the Bald Eagle State Forest lands in Centre and Clinton Counties Pennsylvania These plots contained a measureshyable population of gypsy moth eggs and were located in heavily wooded areas representative of campground situations
These plots were established so that they were ca 200 feet square with a small dirt road dividing them Within each one-acre plot two subplots or sampling units were established Each of these illlits comprised 140 of an acre and was placed on each side of the road These 140 acre sampling units were used for all evaluations throughout the program
Application Only a small quantity of materials were needed for application Because of this materials were mixed on site using conventior~l mixing equipment and a nurse tank for a water supply All mixing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between treatments to avoid any adultershya tion
The materials were applied with a John Bean Mist Blower mounted on a 1-12 ton 4-wheel drive truck at the following rates
25 Ib a ir gal H20A
50 lb ai5 gal H20A Orthene 75S 10 It ai5 gal H20A Imidan So Wp 15 Ib ailS gal H20A and Sevin 80S 20 Ib ailS gal H2OA
3S Ib ai5 gal H2OA
Each of these dosages was replicated 3 times for each material
125 Ib ailS gal H20ANTN 9J06 50 Ib ai5 gal H20A
Sevin-4-oil and 20 Ib ailS gal H20A T X-190 + water 35 Ib ailS gal H20A
Evaluation Each treatment was evaluated from the standpoint of percent foliage protection larvae reduction using a 15 foot string count and egg massesacre reduction Tht latter data is not yet available at this vrriting
Foliage protection and larvae reduction are shown in the following table
-20shy
II - II - II II II II II II II - - II II -- shy -Foliage Average Larval String Counts
Material Dosage Protection Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment l 25 Ib ai5 gallA L~9 5 20 46 50 Ib ai5 gallA 667 25 22
10 lb ai5 gallA 854 30 20Imidan 50 wp 15 lb ai5 gallA 580 18 33
20 Ib ai5 gallA 565 2S 16 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 420 33 14
Check - 3middotS 19 8
1O25 Ib ai5 gallA -LL bull 5 26 5 So Ib ailS gallA 620 22 2
10 Ib ailS gallA 43middotS 23 2Sevin 80S 15 Ib ailS gallA 55S 22 1
20 Ib ailS gallA 827 26 1 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 894 2S S
Check - So 42 40
2S Ib ai5 gallA 800 29 6
50 lb ailS gallA 911-1 25 3 10 Ib ailS gallA SlLtO 26 2
NI Orthene 7SS ~J
15 Ib ailS gallA 9)-1-0 29 0 I 20 Ib ailS gallA 940 22 0
35 Ib ai5 gallA 940 19 0 Check - 7S 48 Sl
Sevin-4-oil + 20 1b ailS gallA 770 39 6 T X-190 + H2O 35 Ib ai5 gallA 870 3S 9
12S Ib ailS gallA 750 15 1NTH 9306 5 Ib ailS gallA 730 IS 2
oCheck - 20 10j
l Post-treatment readings based on 5th day after treatment
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Conclusion Initial results show that Imidan~ 50 Wp gave ca 5~o folia~~ protection and ca 16 larval reduction at the 3 higher dosages
SevillE 80S gave ca 76 foliage protection and ca 99 reduction in larval activity at the 3 higher dosages
Orthenereg 758 gave ca 94 foliage protection and ca 100 larval control at the 3 higher dosages
In comparison the two new formulations of Sevin-4-oil and T X-190 and H20 and NTN 9306 gave ca 8~o and 74 foliage protection respectively and ca 78 and 87 reduction in larval activity respectively
Data in the following table indicate that Orthene0) 758 and Sevi~ 80S will give the greatest degree of foliage protection as well as reducing larval activity on a 15 foot string count
-22shy
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II I)
II I)
Project Number GM 614 Proj8ct Title Evaluation of Pesticides for Browntail Moth Report Period April 1 1976 - September 31 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
The primary objective of this p~oject is to screen candidate materials against the browntail moth
Orthene reg was the only material tested against brown tail larvae
Dosage Instar 110rtali ty Days
After Treatment
1 IbaigalA II 92 2 05 IbaigalA II 100 2 025 IbaigalA II 96 2 012 IbaigalA II 90 2 006lbaigalA II 98 2 Check II loS 2
Mr McLane Mr Stockbridge Mr Stelle Mr Mosley and Mr Cartier met with Cape Cod National Seashore personnel to discuss future broNQtail work on the Cape A 5 year program was proposed as a result of the meeting and phone conversations vi th the Department of Interior and APHIS personnel
1976 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil ground plots with Sevin 80S
1977 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil Pyrethrin and Dimilin
1978 Select the most promising from the ones experimentally tested in 1976 and 1977 treat the entire infestation on Cape Cod using aircraft backpacks and mistblowers
1979 Clean up any infestation left
1980 Clean up any infestation left
However after a meeting wi th the Seashore Advisory Committee park super-shyintendent Hadley made a decision that no spraying should be done Q~til
the committee was informed of our plans and their approval was obtained To date this meeting has not come about
Meetings
Area I Managerial Meeting Hartford Corill Mr McLane gave a talk on the proposed 5 year broivntai1 moth program for Cape Cod Mass
Mr McLane met with Mr J KilIan Chief Environmentalist for the Cape Cod National Seashore to discuss the brovrrtaiL problem at the Seashore
-23shy
bullbullbullbull II II
bull II II II II
bullbullbullbullbull
Project Number (~riI 6l5 Project Title Regulatory Treatments (Laboratory - Field) Report Period AfrE 1 1976 - September W 1976 Report TJpe Irl tertIa Project Leaders Winfred H McLane L Ii Herbaugh J A Einney
The lack of effective treatment methods fer recreational vehicles and mobile homes is a major dficipncy Ll the APHIS Gypsy Hath regulatory program Slt1xpcIimentcl laboratory and field tests are conducted to develop improved techniques for cP2ling iii tt thi s and other r811atory problems
On December 191175 a residue test I2S s tartlaquo Nt) 7 irs(~ctiGiles Tvo hundr-ed tar paper squares (6 x 6) each were treated with insectjcide using amp c 5 It aita1 soLut i on SevfTI insecticideswere tested with 1 set of tar paper used fUJ a check The papers were treated to the point of runshyoff Half of t he paper-s were aged oucdoor-s tacked under (4 x 8) sheets of masonite haI f were hs Ld inside the laboratory Norie were exposed to sunlight
Ten newly h~tchd sectYl)sy noth larvae were exposed to tar paper sheets at 10 day Lnte rval a iC)r the f i r s t lCO days of aging fo Llowing treatment This was achieve by pLacing +he paper in a cyl inrrricaL cardboard container wi th artificial di et lt J10rta1 ity readings were( made after 24 hours and L8 hours
Mortality Hr- JJarvae Exposed After Naterial Aged
Material ~___ to IvIaterial U)() Days 200 Das 260 Lays
DDT 50 vp Insil1Ff lGO 100 32 inside ~CJO 100 100
0Outside 100 jlt 20 UlI1sideuro- 100 100 100
Resmethrin Inside 24 28 (EC) Inside )-8 oP R4 I ~)
IJutfLfle 24 28 48 7)-
SBP-l Sl) 2L R(8C) Ll~middot
OJ 9C -I iOe
96
10 1f)C
bullbull II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
bullbull
I10rtality Hr La~Jae Exposed After Ha terial
laterial Aged to r1aterial 100 Days 200 Days 26C Daye
Phoxin Inside 24 100 98 100 (EC) IIlside 48 100 100 100
Outs i de 24 100 100 100 Outside La 100 100 100
Pyrenone Inside 2L+ 34 46 2 (EC) insLde 48 60 72 46
cdOutside --I~ 38 16 a Outside I+8 61~ +2 28
I1onitor Inside ~I lUO )eLf 78 (L
G~)(EC) 118 1)0 100 Outsids 2Li 66 46
ooOutside LiS i(JO z jLi
) I Check Inside - -t 5~middot 26 0 - j
Insid~ hB ~L gt+ 6 l)uttir~c 4 20 2 Cllt3ide- ~t~~ t ~ 1+0 6
Based on Laboratrrv rfsul tc lJresented in the IJst report a field test was started August 3 196 with Iop Job pine scent wax [ax remover Dimilin and fire ex t ingui shcr agent Ten egg masses are be ing treated each month from August 3 197C unt i I April 1 1977 Five masses are being covered wi th black building paper and S are being left exposed lhree dosages of each material are being usel along wi th a check
During April 1977 211 eggs will be col Lec ted and incubated in the labora-middot tory for hatch If hatch can hi pr2vented it may be possible to uae one or more of thlaquo materials as a treatment on tr_L18rs and RVs
To date 3 t reatments haveJeer made
On June 23 19761+ uate r i al s (Sevin (583 S8 [n-i~-il Orthene and Lrridan ) most generally used f Jr gypsy mot h control h~ sprayed -+0 the poi rrt of runshyoff on 110 acre plots us ing a back-pack mist~jL)1er Dosago s usee were same as rec()mmeIldw~ in ths APHIS recillatorJ rnanual
Every 3 day fo11ovrC9 tl(~atment rliage was c oll eo te d and Lioassaysd against 3ro instar Larvae 1fCt~middot~ 72 hour lrtality reading being mado After 9middot days treated foliag wal stiLl givirfL~_2[pound211eln mortalitx
q ~[ortality After Material L Days Ul Days lC s3[S _
Sevin 8)3
Sev-inmiddotmiddotL-Gil OrtbeEe Imidan Check 17
--
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II
bullbullbullbull
II
Project Number GM 616 Project Title Field Testing of Javenile Hormone Analogs for Ovicidal
Activity Report Period Anril 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Itterim Project Leaders Charles P Schwa2be A P Norris
The juvenile hormone analogs Al tozar lE and ZR-t19 SE have been reported as having ovicidal properties When gypsy moth 8fg nasses are deposited on recently treated surfaces hat chab iLi ty yf 8ggS is reduced ZR-619 also appears to inhibit female moths from layingjhriT full complement of eggs Compounds with these properties may be user1 fOT regulatory treatments
Boles of white and red oak trees -lere sprayed foe tho point of ruri-off with water emulsions of Altozar and ZR-619 at 8g1 Ireatsents were aged for 1 3 7 14 21 and 28 days before bioassay At tb~ end of each aging period S or more 3 day old mated female moths from f Le Ld collected pupae were imprisoned on each of S trees (total ()f 25 replicatestreatment) Ihere were 10 replicates (2 trees) for each control The female moths that deposited egg masses were recovered (generally after one day) placed in polyethylene bags and frOZet111D riI they could be dissected to determine the number of unl a i d eggs Egg masses wiI 1 be coJlscted from the treated and control surfaces during IlecembQr 1976 an~ tested for embryonation parasi tization and ha tchabiLt ty
Females from the 1 3 7 and 28 day exposure pe r i ous have been dissected and unlaid eggs counted The results are shovn by the accompanying tab Le Preliminarily it appears that with the excep ti on of the 1 day ZR-61) treatment there was no effect of treatment on the nurnbe r of eggs laid by female moths It is interesting to note that laboratoryreaTf3(J tno th s were useci for the 1 day ZR-6l9 trea tluent Dcotailed disCUSSJCiD 01 thesA data will be deferred until all ]~eSl--l ts OCl egg smbryona t i on parc~si_ t i zation and hatchability have been obtained
-26shy
-----------
middot-------_ bullbullbull _~ bullbull EGGS lJlI11AID EY FENALES EXPOSED TO TRUNKS pHEATED WITH ALTOZAR 4E lIJm ZRmiddot-619 SE
Q2Y2129ynd
Iiays Treatment
ampif_~i
Numbe-r of Used
_fre~ t Control
Females Recovered
Tle~t __CoDjl~_
Numbe-r Unlaid Eggs Total Average
1reaJ_Qonto L)~1Zs~J_-0ontro1
Al i008) ) E~
ZI -~ I~~ 19 ~I~~
I
J 36 c )
14 Ij(1
32 ~
1 f 1~Lr
13 123[3 7G34
380 1797
387 )36
271 138 ~)
A1 t ozar I
11-- S1 C] ~ --
3
3 L~O
50 16 T1-s 1shy
30 ~)8
If) 1 -Llt
1394 1519
619 - (1 I
J-~
L+65 5hJ
Lf 13 493
A1 t-IZ~lX )~r~
~~R-C ~L9 ~jE
i ~ r ~O
Igt ~ c
15 18
J- 39
11 1 I LL4
104)~ l1-rr
660 F3S5
J26 292
508 632
I ) -J
I
Al t 0 L~i C i~)
-~Ti lt(j1 r)
Altozar wE Z11-(19 SE
)Q
~
- ~)
- 1 j
LJ
25 27
3j
30
12 -
-ii
14 IS
2S ~) ~
25 2S
10 1U
11 J 2
805 sed
1059 1398
2L~6 r(0
JJSO 9
2 3)
Li24 5)9
25() 6
12~ 7 391
JfJrtttcry r~ared iEIalCs ant] m3Jl~ used aUJthers ere fr-om f iel d collected pupae
bullbull Project Number GM 622
bull Project Title Responses of ~Ble Gypsy Moths to Traps as AffecteC ~
the PeatE of Pheromone Release Report Period April I 1976 - Septe~ber 30 1976
bullbull
Report Type Errcer im Project Leaders Charles P Sch~Lb2 E C Paszek
Preliminary trapping experiments with disparlure indicated that attracti-veshyness is affected by the rJte at which the pheromone is released from the trap Large amount s of lure seemed 0 have an inhfb i torr or repellent effect ConfLrmatorv studies were planned in which multiples of Corrre Ic fibers would be used to bait standaTd delta traps in order to define the pheromone ls1ea8e rate at which maxinnna attradiveness 10 sul ted Such inshyformation would be 2xcPPdingly useful in pI(eparnf specifications for comshy
bull mercial production of progTam pheromone dispenpers Unfortunately certain difficulties vpre encYLmtered in developing a sound expemiddotrinental program and it was suggested that this work be carried out by scientists at the
bullPennsylvania Stat Uni ve r-si ty Freliminary date have been made available to us but we 8re unable to uti I izhen in this report
bullExperiments in tti- pr)j0ct aCil Cl conduc tcd in collaboration with the ARS Optically active enantiCnj2rs of cis-Jlrparhrre were generously made available by Dr NarU1n(j~ Nagoya Uruve r-s i vs Iagoya Japan The objective of the tests was to determine the attractiveness (or other biological
bull properties) of tIl optically active ~nantiomers of disparlure Similar experiments were conducted by scientists from Nlchigan State University and the New York and C~~1nectiut State Agricultural Experimerct Stations
bullbullThese tests weI c onduc tcd in a natural infestation in FaTl River State Porest ILl lraps gtJere baited wit[ cc t t on dentJ wicks to which had been applied the indicated amcunt s of ( ) and-) (-) disparlure Delta traps were used in all ttsts i)fj a 25 III grid pat tfJ~11 rh) numbe r- of malt motho captured gtl2S reeordec c regular LrrtsrvaLs
In one experim8~lt the attrac tivene ns of racemic d i apar-I ure was compared with that of (+) enarrti omar Ihe rssults of middotshi test are given in Table 1
Table I Number of moths captur-sd il trans middotcLti ted with varying amount s elf racemic and optically active Hsparlure
1 L
lCCJC
------------------__-----_ _--__------shy
II II These ltlata clearly reflect -gt0 superior attractancy of the (+) enarrt iore r
compared with that of racemic mate r i al Approximately 10 X more raoths were captured with 100 ug (+) disP8rlure than with an equal amount of racemic pheromone Unfor-tuna te Ly limited amounts of the enantiomers
II prohibited testing at dosages gTeater than 10C ug and therefore it is
II not known if greater dosages woull -Lead to repeLten t or inhibitory effects It should also be noted that the Jptically active material contained ca 66 of its an t i podo Hirhly puCified pbermiddot~Cwj~e would likely yield someshywhat different data Ih_u is the first rcpc--t of 3~ clear relationship beshytween dosage and r-e sponee wheIc n_creased ple romone concentration y-ields a corresponding increase in ruoth response
II In another test the inhLbi t ory properties ()f t1gt (-) s nant iomar- were quantified deti3rrninirlg tile at t ractivenes (~r var i cus ratios of (+) and (-) disparlure These lata a~e presented n Table I
bull Table II NWllber of riaLe mo trs captured in tIP -x1ited with various
t~r8rltiomer ra tios
bull ----- -~---_ I shy
ugtraJ ug -) per Average catch ( -I- ) -i- _----LQ_ llg ~~_ J2eL_tmiddotr~a=p _
9 jL o (I te 936 1 1 75 120
c99 _J j 3-68 63 I
bull J 00 ioo L+ 12 ~ ~I I ) 380 32
bull L159 59 ~ 08
As addi tiCmiddot] iJlCgt1EltS oi (-) middotnre tdded V_ ij CZS ccntaiuing 10 uij (+) a t tr-activene ss 22di~J jmiddotrc~8s-(~ dsmonc2at~E the Lnhib i tOIJ nature
Yn t he ( c-~ j bull_ 1 m n - v 11+ i (1 60L f th01 rllt~ - 11 ccuUCc JgO_Ll -l_~e au k bull t-_f- CO bullbull oa~ne I )0 0 v bull e
II bull ) - -- n -I- f- - ~ 1 s +--- +- bull - -- - f ( rl J l dOppOSle c_Dctl_bull )Eler hie e_ua ar tr-ac mvene so O~ + -LlSpar_Ure COU
Dot be ceteIlied ~~xt-aTJ)lation of the p]ttcCc data suggests that 9Cf~ (+) disp2rl1lle 1~Cl~_middot(J cap turv 15-~() t i mes a iafr ~ioths as TaGer-tic phero-shymane at tho 10 -cC -2vel
A rnore 6ta-iled -report i s cur-rentIy ceins- lYr-pT~P( JJ_C pub lication The manuacrLpt -middotimiddotL 1 c~ i ~11 uIsd ~ n tho nex t LacL8tcr_~ P~ IJort
Project Number GM 623 Project Title Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leader Charles P Schwalbe
There is no progress to report on this project A prototype apparatus is being assembled which will permit systematic evaluation of various collection substrates Recent papers report successful collection of airborn volatiles on Porapak Q and Molecular sieve If quantitative collection of disparlure from female moths is s11ccessful pheromone emission will be used as a standard for determining quality of insects mass reared under various conditions
I I I I I
-30shy
I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I
Project Number GM 626 Project Title Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leader Edward C Paszek
Tree Tanglefoot a natural product made from castor oil gum resins and vegetable wax was used as an adhesive for sJPSY moth traps for )6 years 1913-1969 It was replaced in 1970 with Tack Trap a synthetic plastic type adhesive (polyisobutylene) which was less costly and through field testing found to be more effective than Tree Tanglefoot in holding capshytured moths in a trap Tack Trap has gone up in price fr-om $0421b in 1970 to $130lb in 1976 A number of companies are marketing synthetic sticky compounds to protect trees from climbing insects and as bird reshypellants These compounds were compared with Tack Trap and Tree Tanglefoot to determine their effectiveness in holding ca~tured ~psy moths
8plusmn5 of the following six compounds were weighed and applied to approxishymately 286 cm2 of the interior surface area of Delta traps An aging study on 12 these open traps was conducted in the greenhouse at a tempshyerature range of 10degC to 32degC for 5) months (119-62376) A field bioassay was made on 71476 after 6 months of aging in a natural infestshyation followed by a laboratory bioassay 91676 after 8 months of aging
Table I Mean number of 6 Boths per trap after 1 hour field bioassay in heavy infestation 24 hour laboratory chamber bioassay with )00 released 6 moths
Field Laboratory
Tack Trap (new sample) 145 60 Bird Iang1efoot 120 90 Excelcide Bird Repellant 105 200 Tack Trap (old sample) t10 105 Stikem-Special Iree Tanglefoot
6S o r
14)1)
After 6 months of aging in open traps Tack Prap Bird Ianglefoot Excelshycide Bird Repellant and Stikem-Special held captur-ed native moths Tree Tanglefoot glazed over and was a poor adhesive When bioassayed Ln a laboratory chamber after 8 months oflging vri it released moths many moths entered and fLev out of the traps indcating that the adhe sive tend to dry out and stiffen after Long periods of aging
The remaining samples were stored folded flat on the shelf in a closed paper carton at room te~perature (approxi~ately 22C) B~th sets of traps were weighed after 6 weeks of aging (3176) to deterwiu8 weight loss of the adhesives due to voLat i Liza t i on of solvents
-ushy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
-32shy
bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II II II II
bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
-----
Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
- 34shy-
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
-35shy
II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
-shy
CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
I -v f)
I
10
bullbull C N
bull 0shy-It)---
C) ~
~ et
gtshy ~
-lt
l 1 o Li
u Clt bull z ~ l pH
V i) j
iJ2
~
1M
Ibull
0= I~U Z
I~~ 0 tx N U
Z ~
pound0 t
~ N ()
I~ I
+ J ~ J
a U Z
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-J
o a ~
Z
o o 0 o- 00 ~
031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
-49shy
I I
Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
I I
-50shy
I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
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Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
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Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
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I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
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-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
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and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
-59shy
bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
-60shy
-------------------shy 111
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Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
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AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
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~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
-69shy
I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
-bullbull Ptlo~SNI tuLIIGF f3fiE-1IlN
tV Jgt 0shy co o o o o o o
061bgalA D-lmilin 25 WP (early)
I - I Iebull uO J-o I~ erG i1 JimHin 25 wP (normal) I-rj
j-J
o~ f-J (1)
Sevin-4-oil - Kero sene I--~ Ib40 ozA I-rj ll 0 UJ I-
~h 0 lbmiddot(jmiddott gt - 11 DirJlin 33 oil - TXl90 - Water I-- p1 CD UJ CD UJ
rI-~ Diu-Uin 33 oiI - Ke ro ~ene 00Obull 3 1(1 qt 1-
sect co
f-- c+ OJ-J ampl 0
~evin-4-oil - TXl90 - Water bull l51bqtA
lJ f-J CD
DiJ1lilin 25 l-lP I06 IbgalA to
1j f-J Pl
lti
51bqtA _ Sevin-L~-oil - Kero sene pD H o I-- j-J
-o
p c+~ Ib40 OZA _ Sevin-L-oil - TXl90 - Water f-J
~
25 IbqtA Selin-4-oil - TX1-90 - ltIater
Untreated Checks I
f- -0
I
I I II II III I
II II II II
-
Project Number GM 613 Project Title Field Testing of Ground Applied Insecticides Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Larry L Herbaugh W H McLane C R Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Experimental use permits were received from EPA in early June 1976 for testing Orthene 75S Imidanreg 50 Wp Sevi~) 80S In addishytion to the above Sevin-4-oil with water and NTN 9306 were tested
One-acre plots were established in the Bald Eagle State Forest lands in Centre and Clinton Counties Pennsylvania These plots contained a measureshyable population of gypsy moth eggs and were located in heavily wooded areas representative of campground situations
These plots were established so that they were ca 200 feet square with a small dirt road dividing them Within each one-acre plot two subplots or sampling units were established Each of these illlits comprised 140 of an acre and was placed on each side of the road These 140 acre sampling units were used for all evaluations throughout the program
Application Only a small quantity of materials were needed for application Because of this materials were mixed on site using conventior~l mixing equipment and a nurse tank for a water supply All mixing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between treatments to avoid any adultershya tion
The materials were applied with a John Bean Mist Blower mounted on a 1-12 ton 4-wheel drive truck at the following rates
25 Ib a ir gal H20A
50 lb ai5 gal H20A Orthene 75S 10 It ai5 gal H20A Imidan So Wp 15 Ib ailS gal H20A and Sevin 80S 20 Ib ailS gal H2OA
3S Ib ai5 gal H2OA
Each of these dosages was replicated 3 times for each material
125 Ib ailS gal H20ANTN 9J06 50 Ib ai5 gal H20A
Sevin-4-oil and 20 Ib ailS gal H20A T X-190 + water 35 Ib ailS gal H20A
Evaluation Each treatment was evaluated from the standpoint of percent foliage protection larvae reduction using a 15 foot string count and egg massesacre reduction Tht latter data is not yet available at this vrriting
Foliage protection and larvae reduction are shown in the following table
-20shy
II - II - II II II II II II II - - II II -- shy -Foliage Average Larval String Counts
Material Dosage Protection Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment l 25 Ib ai5 gallA L~9 5 20 46 50 Ib ai5 gallA 667 25 22
10 lb ai5 gallA 854 30 20Imidan 50 wp 15 lb ai5 gallA 580 18 33
20 Ib ai5 gallA 565 2S 16 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 420 33 14
Check - 3middotS 19 8
1O25 Ib ai5 gallA -LL bull 5 26 5 So Ib ailS gallA 620 22 2
10 Ib ailS gallA 43middotS 23 2Sevin 80S 15 Ib ailS gallA 55S 22 1
20 Ib ailS gallA 827 26 1 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 894 2S S
Check - So 42 40
2S Ib ai5 gallA 800 29 6
50 lb ailS gallA 911-1 25 3 10 Ib ailS gallA SlLtO 26 2
NI Orthene 7SS ~J
15 Ib ailS gallA 9)-1-0 29 0 I 20 Ib ailS gallA 940 22 0
35 Ib ai5 gallA 940 19 0 Check - 7S 48 Sl
Sevin-4-oil + 20 1b ailS gallA 770 39 6 T X-190 + H2O 35 Ib ai5 gallA 870 3S 9
12S Ib ailS gallA 750 15 1NTH 9306 5 Ib ailS gallA 730 IS 2
oCheck - 20 10j
l Post-treatment readings based on 5th day after treatment
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Conclusion Initial results show that Imidan~ 50 Wp gave ca 5~o folia~~ protection and ca 16 larval reduction at the 3 higher dosages
SevillE 80S gave ca 76 foliage protection and ca 99 reduction in larval activity at the 3 higher dosages
Orthenereg 758 gave ca 94 foliage protection and ca 100 larval control at the 3 higher dosages
In comparison the two new formulations of Sevin-4-oil and T X-190 and H20 and NTN 9306 gave ca 8~o and 74 foliage protection respectively and ca 78 and 87 reduction in larval activity respectively
Data in the following table indicate that Orthene0) 758 and Sevi~ 80S will give the greatest degree of foliage protection as well as reducing larval activity on a 15 foot string count
-22shy
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II I)
Project Number GM 614 Proj8ct Title Evaluation of Pesticides for Browntail Moth Report Period April 1 1976 - September 31 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
The primary objective of this p~oject is to screen candidate materials against the browntail moth
Orthene reg was the only material tested against brown tail larvae
Dosage Instar 110rtali ty Days
After Treatment
1 IbaigalA II 92 2 05 IbaigalA II 100 2 025 IbaigalA II 96 2 012 IbaigalA II 90 2 006lbaigalA II 98 2 Check II loS 2
Mr McLane Mr Stockbridge Mr Stelle Mr Mosley and Mr Cartier met with Cape Cod National Seashore personnel to discuss future broNQtail work on the Cape A 5 year program was proposed as a result of the meeting and phone conversations vi th the Department of Interior and APHIS personnel
1976 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil ground plots with Sevin 80S
1977 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil Pyrethrin and Dimilin
1978 Select the most promising from the ones experimentally tested in 1976 and 1977 treat the entire infestation on Cape Cod using aircraft backpacks and mistblowers
1979 Clean up any infestation left
1980 Clean up any infestation left
However after a meeting wi th the Seashore Advisory Committee park super-shyintendent Hadley made a decision that no spraying should be done Q~til
the committee was informed of our plans and their approval was obtained To date this meeting has not come about
Meetings
Area I Managerial Meeting Hartford Corill Mr McLane gave a talk on the proposed 5 year broivntai1 moth program for Cape Cod Mass
Mr McLane met with Mr J KilIan Chief Environmentalist for the Cape Cod National Seashore to discuss the brovrrtaiL problem at the Seashore
-23shy
bullbullbullbull II II
bull II II II II
bullbullbullbullbull
Project Number (~riI 6l5 Project Title Regulatory Treatments (Laboratory - Field) Report Period AfrE 1 1976 - September W 1976 Report TJpe Irl tertIa Project Leaders Winfred H McLane L Ii Herbaugh J A Einney
The lack of effective treatment methods fer recreational vehicles and mobile homes is a major dficipncy Ll the APHIS Gypsy Hath regulatory program Slt1xpcIimentcl laboratory and field tests are conducted to develop improved techniques for cP2ling iii tt thi s and other r811atory problems
On December 191175 a residue test I2S s tartlaquo Nt) 7 irs(~ctiGiles Tvo hundr-ed tar paper squares (6 x 6) each were treated with insectjcide using amp c 5 It aita1 soLut i on SevfTI insecticideswere tested with 1 set of tar paper used fUJ a check The papers were treated to the point of runshyoff Half of t he paper-s were aged oucdoor-s tacked under (4 x 8) sheets of masonite haI f were hs Ld inside the laboratory Norie were exposed to sunlight
Ten newly h~tchd sectYl)sy noth larvae were exposed to tar paper sheets at 10 day Lnte rval a iC)r the f i r s t lCO days of aging fo Llowing treatment This was achieve by pLacing +he paper in a cyl inrrricaL cardboard container wi th artificial di et lt J10rta1 ity readings were( made after 24 hours and L8 hours
Mortality Hr- JJarvae Exposed After Naterial Aged
Material ~___ to IvIaterial U)() Days 200 Das 260 Lays
DDT 50 vp Insil1Ff lGO 100 32 inside ~CJO 100 100
0Outside 100 jlt 20 UlI1sideuro- 100 100 100
Resmethrin Inside 24 28 (EC) Inside )-8 oP R4 I ~)
IJutfLfle 24 28 48 7)-
SBP-l Sl) 2L R(8C) Ll~middot
OJ 9C -I iOe
96
10 1f)C
bullbull II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
bullbull
I10rtality Hr La~Jae Exposed After Ha terial
laterial Aged to r1aterial 100 Days 200 Days 26C Daye
Phoxin Inside 24 100 98 100 (EC) IIlside 48 100 100 100
Outs i de 24 100 100 100 Outside La 100 100 100
Pyrenone Inside 2L+ 34 46 2 (EC) insLde 48 60 72 46
cdOutside --I~ 38 16 a Outside I+8 61~ +2 28
I1onitor Inside ~I lUO )eLf 78 (L
G~)(EC) 118 1)0 100 Outsids 2Li 66 46
ooOutside LiS i(JO z jLi
) I Check Inside - -t 5~middot 26 0 - j
Insid~ hB ~L gt+ 6 l)uttir~c 4 20 2 Cllt3ide- ~t~~ t ~ 1+0 6
Based on Laboratrrv rfsul tc lJresented in the IJst report a field test was started August 3 196 with Iop Job pine scent wax [ax remover Dimilin and fire ex t ingui shcr agent Ten egg masses are be ing treated each month from August 3 197C unt i I April 1 1977 Five masses are being covered wi th black building paper and S are being left exposed lhree dosages of each material are being usel along wi th a check
During April 1977 211 eggs will be col Lec ted and incubated in the labora-middot tory for hatch If hatch can hi pr2vented it may be possible to uae one or more of thlaquo materials as a treatment on tr_L18rs and RVs
To date 3 t reatments haveJeer made
On June 23 19761+ uate r i al s (Sevin (583 S8 [n-i~-il Orthene and Lrridan ) most generally used f Jr gypsy mot h control h~ sprayed -+0 the poi rrt of runshyoff on 110 acre plots us ing a back-pack mist~jL)1er Dosago s usee were same as rec()mmeIldw~ in ths APHIS recillatorJ rnanual
Every 3 day fo11ovrC9 tl(~atment rliage was c oll eo te d and Lioassaysd against 3ro instar Larvae 1fCt~middot~ 72 hour lrtality reading being mado After 9middot days treated foliag wal stiLl givirfL~_2[pound211eln mortalitx
q ~[ortality After Material L Days Ul Days lC s3[S _
Sevin 8)3
Sev-inmiddotmiddotL-Gil OrtbeEe Imidan Check 17
--
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II
bullbullbullbull
II
Project Number GM 616 Project Title Field Testing of Javenile Hormone Analogs for Ovicidal
Activity Report Period Anril 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Itterim Project Leaders Charles P Schwa2be A P Norris
The juvenile hormone analogs Al tozar lE and ZR-t19 SE have been reported as having ovicidal properties When gypsy moth 8fg nasses are deposited on recently treated surfaces hat chab iLi ty yf 8ggS is reduced ZR-619 also appears to inhibit female moths from layingjhriT full complement of eggs Compounds with these properties may be user1 fOT regulatory treatments
Boles of white and red oak trees -lere sprayed foe tho point of ruri-off with water emulsions of Altozar and ZR-619 at 8g1 Ireatsents were aged for 1 3 7 14 21 and 28 days before bioassay At tb~ end of each aging period S or more 3 day old mated female moths from f Le Ld collected pupae were imprisoned on each of S trees (total ()f 25 replicatestreatment) Ihere were 10 replicates (2 trees) for each control The female moths that deposited egg masses were recovered (generally after one day) placed in polyethylene bags and frOZet111D riI they could be dissected to determine the number of unl a i d eggs Egg masses wiI 1 be coJlscted from the treated and control surfaces during IlecembQr 1976 an~ tested for embryonation parasi tization and ha tchabiLt ty
Females from the 1 3 7 and 28 day exposure pe r i ous have been dissected and unlaid eggs counted The results are shovn by the accompanying tab Le Preliminarily it appears that with the excep ti on of the 1 day ZR-61) treatment there was no effect of treatment on the nurnbe r of eggs laid by female moths It is interesting to note that laboratoryreaTf3(J tno th s were useci for the 1 day ZR-6l9 trea tluent Dcotailed disCUSSJCiD 01 thesA data will be deferred until all ]~eSl--l ts OCl egg smbryona t i on parc~si_ t i zation and hatchability have been obtained
-26shy
-----------
middot-------_ bullbullbull _~ bullbull EGGS lJlI11AID EY FENALES EXPOSED TO TRUNKS pHEATED WITH ALTOZAR 4E lIJm ZRmiddot-619 SE
Q2Y2129ynd
Iiays Treatment
ampif_~i
Numbe-r of Used
_fre~ t Control
Females Recovered
Tle~t __CoDjl~_
Numbe-r Unlaid Eggs Total Average
1reaJ_Qonto L)~1Zs~J_-0ontro1
Al i008) ) E~
ZI -~ I~~ 19 ~I~~
I
J 36 c )
14 Ij(1
32 ~
1 f 1~Lr
13 123[3 7G34
380 1797
387 )36
271 138 ~)
A1 t ozar I
11-- S1 C] ~ --
3
3 L~O
50 16 T1-s 1shy
30 ~)8
If) 1 -Llt
1394 1519
619 - (1 I
J-~
L+65 5hJ
Lf 13 493
A1 t-IZ~lX )~r~
~~R-C ~L9 ~jE
i ~ r ~O
Igt ~ c
15 18
J- 39
11 1 I LL4
104)~ l1-rr
660 F3S5
J26 292
508 632
I ) -J
I
Al t 0 L~i C i~)
-~Ti lt(j1 r)
Altozar wE Z11-(19 SE
)Q
~
- ~)
- 1 j
LJ
25 27
3j
30
12 -
-ii
14 IS
2S ~) ~
25 2S
10 1U
11 J 2
805 sed
1059 1398
2L~6 r(0
JJSO 9
2 3)
Li24 5)9
25() 6
12~ 7 391
JfJrtttcry r~ared iEIalCs ant] m3Jl~ used aUJthers ere fr-om f iel d collected pupae
bullbull Project Number GM 622
bull Project Title Responses of ~Ble Gypsy Moths to Traps as AffecteC ~
the PeatE of Pheromone Release Report Period April I 1976 - Septe~ber 30 1976
bullbull
Report Type Errcer im Project Leaders Charles P Sch~Lb2 E C Paszek
Preliminary trapping experiments with disparlure indicated that attracti-veshyness is affected by the rJte at which the pheromone is released from the trap Large amount s of lure seemed 0 have an inhfb i torr or repellent effect ConfLrmatorv studies were planned in which multiples of Corrre Ic fibers would be used to bait standaTd delta traps in order to define the pheromone ls1ea8e rate at which maxinnna attradiveness 10 sul ted Such inshyformation would be 2xcPPdingly useful in pI(eparnf specifications for comshy
bull mercial production of progTam pheromone dispenpers Unfortunately certain difficulties vpre encYLmtered in developing a sound expemiddotrinental program and it was suggested that this work be carried out by scientists at the
bullPennsylvania Stat Uni ve r-si ty Freliminary date have been made available to us but we 8re unable to uti I izhen in this report
bullExperiments in tti- pr)j0ct aCil Cl conduc tcd in collaboration with the ARS Optically active enantiCnj2rs of cis-Jlrparhrre were generously made available by Dr NarU1n(j~ Nagoya Uruve r-s i vs Iagoya Japan The objective of the tests was to determine the attractiveness (or other biological
bull properties) of tIl optically active ~nantiomers of disparlure Similar experiments were conducted by scientists from Nlchigan State University and the New York and C~~1nectiut State Agricultural Experimerct Stations
bullbullThese tests weI c onduc tcd in a natural infestation in FaTl River State Porest ILl lraps gtJere baited wit[ cc t t on dentJ wicks to which had been applied the indicated amcunt s of ( ) and-) (-) disparlure Delta traps were used in all ttsts i)fj a 25 III grid pat tfJ~11 rh) numbe r- of malt motho captured gtl2S reeordec c regular LrrtsrvaLs
In one experim8~lt the attrac tivene ns of racemic d i apar-I ure was compared with that of (+) enarrti omar Ihe rssults of middotshi test are given in Table 1
Table I Number of moths captur-sd il trans middotcLti ted with varying amount s elf racemic and optically active Hsparlure
1 L
lCCJC
------------------__-----_ _--__------shy
II II These ltlata clearly reflect -gt0 superior attractancy of the (+) enarrt iore r
compared with that of racemic mate r i al Approximately 10 X more raoths were captured with 100 ug (+) disP8rlure than with an equal amount of racemic pheromone Unfor-tuna te Ly limited amounts of the enantiomers
II prohibited testing at dosages gTeater than 10C ug and therefore it is
II not known if greater dosages woull -Lead to repeLten t or inhibitory effects It should also be noted that the Jptically active material contained ca 66 of its an t i podo Hirhly puCified pbermiddot~Cwj~e would likely yield someshywhat different data Ih_u is the first rcpc--t of 3~ clear relationship beshytween dosage and r-e sponee wheIc n_creased ple romone concentration y-ields a corresponding increase in ruoth response
II In another test the inhLbi t ory properties ()f t1gt (-) s nant iomar- were quantified deti3rrninirlg tile at t ractivenes (~r var i cus ratios of (+) and (-) disparlure These lata a~e presented n Table I
bull Table II NWllber of riaLe mo trs captured in tIP -x1ited with various
t~r8rltiomer ra tios
bull ----- -~---_ I shy
ugtraJ ug -) per Average catch ( -I- ) -i- _----LQ_ llg ~~_ J2eL_tmiddotr~a=p _
9 jL o (I te 936 1 1 75 120
c99 _J j 3-68 63 I
bull J 00 ioo L+ 12 ~ ~I I ) 380 32
bull L159 59 ~ 08
As addi tiCmiddot] iJlCgt1EltS oi (-) middotnre tdded V_ ij CZS ccntaiuing 10 uij (+) a t tr-activene ss 22di~J jmiddotrc~8s-(~ dsmonc2at~E the Lnhib i tOIJ nature
Yn t he ( c-~ j bull_ 1 m n - v 11+ i (1 60L f th01 rllt~ - 11 ccuUCc JgO_Ll -l_~e au k bull t-_f- CO bullbull oa~ne I )0 0 v bull e
II bull ) - -- n -I- f- - ~ 1 s +--- +- bull - -- - f ( rl J l dOppOSle c_Dctl_bull )Eler hie e_ua ar tr-ac mvene so O~ + -LlSpar_Ure COU
Dot be ceteIlied ~~xt-aTJ)lation of the p]ttcCc data suggests that 9Cf~ (+) disp2rl1lle 1~Cl~_middot(J cap turv 15-~() t i mes a iafr ~ioths as TaGer-tic phero-shymane at tho 10 -cC -2vel
A rnore 6ta-iled -report i s cur-rentIy ceins- lYr-pT~P( JJ_C pub lication The manuacrLpt -middotimiddotL 1 c~ i ~11 uIsd ~ n tho nex t LacL8tcr_~ P~ IJort
Project Number GM 623 Project Title Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leader Charles P Schwalbe
There is no progress to report on this project A prototype apparatus is being assembled which will permit systematic evaluation of various collection substrates Recent papers report successful collection of airborn volatiles on Porapak Q and Molecular sieve If quantitative collection of disparlure from female moths is s11ccessful pheromone emission will be used as a standard for determining quality of insects mass reared under various conditions
I I I I I
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I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I
Project Number GM 626 Project Title Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leader Edward C Paszek
Tree Tanglefoot a natural product made from castor oil gum resins and vegetable wax was used as an adhesive for sJPSY moth traps for )6 years 1913-1969 It was replaced in 1970 with Tack Trap a synthetic plastic type adhesive (polyisobutylene) which was less costly and through field testing found to be more effective than Tree Tanglefoot in holding capshytured moths in a trap Tack Trap has gone up in price fr-om $0421b in 1970 to $130lb in 1976 A number of companies are marketing synthetic sticky compounds to protect trees from climbing insects and as bird reshypellants These compounds were compared with Tack Trap and Tree Tanglefoot to determine their effectiveness in holding ca~tured ~psy moths
8plusmn5 of the following six compounds were weighed and applied to approxishymately 286 cm2 of the interior surface area of Delta traps An aging study on 12 these open traps was conducted in the greenhouse at a tempshyerature range of 10degC to 32degC for 5) months (119-62376) A field bioassay was made on 71476 after 6 months of aging in a natural infestshyation followed by a laboratory bioassay 91676 after 8 months of aging
Table I Mean number of 6 Boths per trap after 1 hour field bioassay in heavy infestation 24 hour laboratory chamber bioassay with )00 released 6 moths
Field Laboratory
Tack Trap (new sample) 145 60 Bird Iang1efoot 120 90 Excelcide Bird Repellant 105 200 Tack Trap (old sample) t10 105 Stikem-Special Iree Tanglefoot
6S o r
14)1)
After 6 months of aging in open traps Tack Prap Bird Ianglefoot Excelshycide Bird Repellant and Stikem-Special held captur-ed native moths Tree Tanglefoot glazed over and was a poor adhesive When bioassayed Ln a laboratory chamber after 8 months oflging vri it released moths many moths entered and fLev out of the traps indcating that the adhe sive tend to dry out and stiffen after Long periods of aging
The remaining samples were stored folded flat on the shelf in a closed paper carton at room te~perature (approxi~ately 22C) B~th sets of traps were weighed after 6 weeks of aging (3176) to deterwiu8 weight loss of the adhesives due to voLat i Liza t i on of solvents
-ushy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
-32shy
bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II II II II
bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
-----
Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
- 34shy-
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
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II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
-shy
CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
I -v f)
I
10
bullbull C N
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C) ~
~ et
gtshy ~
-lt
l 1 o Li
u Clt bull z ~ l pH
V i) j
iJ2
~
1M
Ibull
0= I~U Z
I~~ 0 tx N U
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pound0 t
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a U Z
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-J
o a ~
Z
o o 0 o- 00 ~
031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
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Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
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I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
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I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
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I I
Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
I I
-50shy
I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
I I I I I I I
Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
I I I I
I II
I I
I I
Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
I
I
I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
I
I I I I I I I
-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
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and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
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I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
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IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
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AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
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~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
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TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
I I II II III I
II II II II
-
Project Number GM 613 Project Title Field Testing of Ground Applied Insecticides Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Larry L Herbaugh W H McLane C R Stacy J A Finney
Introduction Experimental use permits were received from EPA in early June 1976 for testing Orthene 75S Imidanreg 50 Wp Sevi~) 80S In addishytion to the above Sevin-4-oil with water and NTN 9306 were tested
One-acre plots were established in the Bald Eagle State Forest lands in Centre and Clinton Counties Pennsylvania These plots contained a measureshyable population of gypsy moth eggs and were located in heavily wooded areas representative of campground situations
These plots were established so that they were ca 200 feet square with a small dirt road dividing them Within each one-acre plot two subplots or sampling units were established Each of these illlits comprised 140 of an acre and was placed on each side of the road These 140 acre sampling units were used for all evaluations throughout the program
Application Only a small quantity of materials were needed for application Because of this materials were mixed on site using conventior~l mixing equipment and a nurse tank for a water supply All mixing and spraying equipment was thoroughly cleaned between treatments to avoid any adultershya tion
The materials were applied with a John Bean Mist Blower mounted on a 1-12 ton 4-wheel drive truck at the following rates
25 Ib a ir gal H20A
50 lb ai5 gal H20A Orthene 75S 10 It ai5 gal H20A Imidan So Wp 15 Ib ailS gal H20A and Sevin 80S 20 Ib ailS gal H2OA
3S Ib ai5 gal H2OA
Each of these dosages was replicated 3 times for each material
125 Ib ailS gal H20ANTN 9J06 50 Ib ai5 gal H20A
Sevin-4-oil and 20 Ib ailS gal H20A T X-190 + water 35 Ib ailS gal H20A
Evaluation Each treatment was evaluated from the standpoint of percent foliage protection larvae reduction using a 15 foot string count and egg massesacre reduction Tht latter data is not yet available at this vrriting
Foliage protection and larvae reduction are shown in the following table
-20shy
II - II - II II II II II II II - - II II -- shy -Foliage Average Larval String Counts
Material Dosage Protection Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment l 25 Ib ai5 gallA L~9 5 20 46 50 Ib ai5 gallA 667 25 22
10 lb ai5 gallA 854 30 20Imidan 50 wp 15 lb ai5 gallA 580 18 33
20 Ib ai5 gallA 565 2S 16 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 420 33 14
Check - 3middotS 19 8
1O25 Ib ai5 gallA -LL bull 5 26 5 So Ib ailS gallA 620 22 2
10 Ib ailS gallA 43middotS 23 2Sevin 80S 15 Ib ailS gallA 55S 22 1
20 Ib ailS gallA 827 26 1 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 894 2S S
Check - So 42 40
2S Ib ai5 gallA 800 29 6
50 lb ailS gallA 911-1 25 3 10 Ib ailS gallA SlLtO 26 2
NI Orthene 7SS ~J
15 Ib ailS gallA 9)-1-0 29 0 I 20 Ib ailS gallA 940 22 0
35 Ib ai5 gallA 940 19 0 Check - 7S 48 Sl
Sevin-4-oil + 20 1b ailS gallA 770 39 6 T X-190 + H2O 35 Ib ai5 gallA 870 3S 9
12S Ib ailS gallA 750 15 1NTH 9306 5 Ib ailS gallA 730 IS 2
oCheck - 20 10j
l Post-treatment readings based on 5th day after treatment
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Conclusion Initial results show that Imidan~ 50 Wp gave ca 5~o folia~~ protection and ca 16 larval reduction at the 3 higher dosages
SevillE 80S gave ca 76 foliage protection and ca 99 reduction in larval activity at the 3 higher dosages
Orthenereg 758 gave ca 94 foliage protection and ca 100 larval control at the 3 higher dosages
In comparison the two new formulations of Sevin-4-oil and T X-190 and H20 and NTN 9306 gave ca 8~o and 74 foliage protection respectively and ca 78 and 87 reduction in larval activity respectively
Data in the following table indicate that Orthene0) 758 and Sevi~ 80S will give the greatest degree of foliage protection as well as reducing larval activity on a 15 foot string count
-22shy
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II I)
Project Number GM 614 Proj8ct Title Evaluation of Pesticides for Browntail Moth Report Period April 1 1976 - September 31 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
The primary objective of this p~oject is to screen candidate materials against the browntail moth
Orthene reg was the only material tested against brown tail larvae
Dosage Instar 110rtali ty Days
After Treatment
1 IbaigalA II 92 2 05 IbaigalA II 100 2 025 IbaigalA II 96 2 012 IbaigalA II 90 2 006lbaigalA II 98 2 Check II loS 2
Mr McLane Mr Stockbridge Mr Stelle Mr Mosley and Mr Cartier met with Cape Cod National Seashore personnel to discuss future broNQtail work on the Cape A 5 year program was proposed as a result of the meeting and phone conversations vi th the Department of Interior and APHIS personnel
1976 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil ground plots with Sevin 80S
1977 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil Pyrethrin and Dimilin
1978 Select the most promising from the ones experimentally tested in 1976 and 1977 treat the entire infestation on Cape Cod using aircraft backpacks and mistblowers
1979 Clean up any infestation left
1980 Clean up any infestation left
However after a meeting wi th the Seashore Advisory Committee park super-shyintendent Hadley made a decision that no spraying should be done Q~til
the committee was informed of our plans and their approval was obtained To date this meeting has not come about
Meetings
Area I Managerial Meeting Hartford Corill Mr McLane gave a talk on the proposed 5 year broivntai1 moth program for Cape Cod Mass
Mr McLane met with Mr J KilIan Chief Environmentalist for the Cape Cod National Seashore to discuss the brovrrtaiL problem at the Seashore
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bullbullbullbull II II
bull II II II II
bullbullbullbullbull
Project Number (~riI 6l5 Project Title Regulatory Treatments (Laboratory - Field) Report Period AfrE 1 1976 - September W 1976 Report TJpe Irl tertIa Project Leaders Winfred H McLane L Ii Herbaugh J A Einney
The lack of effective treatment methods fer recreational vehicles and mobile homes is a major dficipncy Ll the APHIS Gypsy Hath regulatory program Slt1xpcIimentcl laboratory and field tests are conducted to develop improved techniques for cP2ling iii tt thi s and other r811atory problems
On December 191175 a residue test I2S s tartlaquo Nt) 7 irs(~ctiGiles Tvo hundr-ed tar paper squares (6 x 6) each were treated with insectjcide using amp c 5 It aita1 soLut i on SevfTI insecticideswere tested with 1 set of tar paper used fUJ a check The papers were treated to the point of runshyoff Half of t he paper-s were aged oucdoor-s tacked under (4 x 8) sheets of masonite haI f were hs Ld inside the laboratory Norie were exposed to sunlight
Ten newly h~tchd sectYl)sy noth larvae were exposed to tar paper sheets at 10 day Lnte rval a iC)r the f i r s t lCO days of aging fo Llowing treatment This was achieve by pLacing +he paper in a cyl inrrricaL cardboard container wi th artificial di et lt J10rta1 ity readings were( made after 24 hours and L8 hours
Mortality Hr- JJarvae Exposed After Naterial Aged
Material ~___ to IvIaterial U)() Days 200 Das 260 Lays
DDT 50 vp Insil1Ff lGO 100 32 inside ~CJO 100 100
0Outside 100 jlt 20 UlI1sideuro- 100 100 100
Resmethrin Inside 24 28 (EC) Inside )-8 oP R4 I ~)
IJutfLfle 24 28 48 7)-
SBP-l Sl) 2L R(8C) Ll~middot
OJ 9C -I iOe
96
10 1f)C
bullbull II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
bullbull
I10rtality Hr La~Jae Exposed After Ha terial
laterial Aged to r1aterial 100 Days 200 Days 26C Daye
Phoxin Inside 24 100 98 100 (EC) IIlside 48 100 100 100
Outs i de 24 100 100 100 Outside La 100 100 100
Pyrenone Inside 2L+ 34 46 2 (EC) insLde 48 60 72 46
cdOutside --I~ 38 16 a Outside I+8 61~ +2 28
I1onitor Inside ~I lUO )eLf 78 (L
G~)(EC) 118 1)0 100 Outsids 2Li 66 46
ooOutside LiS i(JO z jLi
) I Check Inside - -t 5~middot 26 0 - j
Insid~ hB ~L gt+ 6 l)uttir~c 4 20 2 Cllt3ide- ~t~~ t ~ 1+0 6
Based on Laboratrrv rfsul tc lJresented in the IJst report a field test was started August 3 196 with Iop Job pine scent wax [ax remover Dimilin and fire ex t ingui shcr agent Ten egg masses are be ing treated each month from August 3 197C unt i I April 1 1977 Five masses are being covered wi th black building paper and S are being left exposed lhree dosages of each material are being usel along wi th a check
During April 1977 211 eggs will be col Lec ted and incubated in the labora-middot tory for hatch If hatch can hi pr2vented it may be possible to uae one or more of thlaquo materials as a treatment on tr_L18rs and RVs
To date 3 t reatments haveJeer made
On June 23 19761+ uate r i al s (Sevin (583 S8 [n-i~-il Orthene and Lrridan ) most generally used f Jr gypsy mot h control h~ sprayed -+0 the poi rrt of runshyoff on 110 acre plots us ing a back-pack mist~jL)1er Dosago s usee were same as rec()mmeIldw~ in ths APHIS recillatorJ rnanual
Every 3 day fo11ovrC9 tl(~atment rliage was c oll eo te d and Lioassaysd against 3ro instar Larvae 1fCt~middot~ 72 hour lrtality reading being mado After 9middot days treated foliag wal stiLl givirfL~_2[pound211eln mortalitx
q ~[ortality After Material L Days Ul Days lC s3[S _
Sevin 8)3
Sev-inmiddotmiddotL-Gil OrtbeEe Imidan Check 17
--
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bullbullbullbull
II
Project Number GM 616 Project Title Field Testing of Javenile Hormone Analogs for Ovicidal
Activity Report Period Anril 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Itterim Project Leaders Charles P Schwa2be A P Norris
The juvenile hormone analogs Al tozar lE and ZR-t19 SE have been reported as having ovicidal properties When gypsy moth 8fg nasses are deposited on recently treated surfaces hat chab iLi ty yf 8ggS is reduced ZR-619 also appears to inhibit female moths from layingjhriT full complement of eggs Compounds with these properties may be user1 fOT regulatory treatments
Boles of white and red oak trees -lere sprayed foe tho point of ruri-off with water emulsions of Altozar and ZR-619 at 8g1 Ireatsents were aged for 1 3 7 14 21 and 28 days before bioassay At tb~ end of each aging period S or more 3 day old mated female moths from f Le Ld collected pupae were imprisoned on each of S trees (total ()f 25 replicatestreatment) Ihere were 10 replicates (2 trees) for each control The female moths that deposited egg masses were recovered (generally after one day) placed in polyethylene bags and frOZet111D riI they could be dissected to determine the number of unl a i d eggs Egg masses wiI 1 be coJlscted from the treated and control surfaces during IlecembQr 1976 an~ tested for embryonation parasi tization and ha tchabiLt ty
Females from the 1 3 7 and 28 day exposure pe r i ous have been dissected and unlaid eggs counted The results are shovn by the accompanying tab Le Preliminarily it appears that with the excep ti on of the 1 day ZR-61) treatment there was no effect of treatment on the nurnbe r of eggs laid by female moths It is interesting to note that laboratoryreaTf3(J tno th s were useci for the 1 day ZR-6l9 trea tluent Dcotailed disCUSSJCiD 01 thesA data will be deferred until all ]~eSl--l ts OCl egg smbryona t i on parc~si_ t i zation and hatchability have been obtained
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middot-------_ bullbullbull _~ bullbull EGGS lJlI11AID EY FENALES EXPOSED TO TRUNKS pHEATED WITH ALTOZAR 4E lIJm ZRmiddot-619 SE
Q2Y2129ynd
Iiays Treatment
ampif_~i
Numbe-r of Used
_fre~ t Control
Females Recovered
Tle~t __CoDjl~_
Numbe-r Unlaid Eggs Total Average
1reaJ_Qonto L)~1Zs~J_-0ontro1
Al i008) ) E~
ZI -~ I~~ 19 ~I~~
I
J 36 c )
14 Ij(1
32 ~
1 f 1~Lr
13 123[3 7G34
380 1797
387 )36
271 138 ~)
A1 t ozar I
11-- S1 C] ~ --
3
3 L~O
50 16 T1-s 1shy
30 ~)8
If) 1 -Llt
1394 1519
619 - (1 I
J-~
L+65 5hJ
Lf 13 493
A1 t-IZ~lX )~r~
~~R-C ~L9 ~jE
i ~ r ~O
Igt ~ c
15 18
J- 39
11 1 I LL4
104)~ l1-rr
660 F3S5
J26 292
508 632
I ) -J
I
Al t 0 L~i C i~)
-~Ti lt(j1 r)
Altozar wE Z11-(19 SE
)Q
~
- ~)
- 1 j
LJ
25 27
3j
30
12 -
-ii
14 IS
2S ~) ~
25 2S
10 1U
11 J 2
805 sed
1059 1398
2L~6 r(0
JJSO 9
2 3)
Li24 5)9
25() 6
12~ 7 391
JfJrtttcry r~ared iEIalCs ant] m3Jl~ used aUJthers ere fr-om f iel d collected pupae
bullbull Project Number GM 622
bull Project Title Responses of ~Ble Gypsy Moths to Traps as AffecteC ~
the PeatE of Pheromone Release Report Period April I 1976 - Septe~ber 30 1976
bullbull
Report Type Errcer im Project Leaders Charles P Sch~Lb2 E C Paszek
Preliminary trapping experiments with disparlure indicated that attracti-veshyness is affected by the rJte at which the pheromone is released from the trap Large amount s of lure seemed 0 have an inhfb i torr or repellent effect ConfLrmatorv studies were planned in which multiples of Corrre Ic fibers would be used to bait standaTd delta traps in order to define the pheromone ls1ea8e rate at which maxinnna attradiveness 10 sul ted Such inshyformation would be 2xcPPdingly useful in pI(eparnf specifications for comshy
bull mercial production of progTam pheromone dispenpers Unfortunately certain difficulties vpre encYLmtered in developing a sound expemiddotrinental program and it was suggested that this work be carried out by scientists at the
bullPennsylvania Stat Uni ve r-si ty Freliminary date have been made available to us but we 8re unable to uti I izhen in this report
bullExperiments in tti- pr)j0ct aCil Cl conduc tcd in collaboration with the ARS Optically active enantiCnj2rs of cis-Jlrparhrre were generously made available by Dr NarU1n(j~ Nagoya Uruve r-s i vs Iagoya Japan The objective of the tests was to determine the attractiveness (or other biological
bull properties) of tIl optically active ~nantiomers of disparlure Similar experiments were conducted by scientists from Nlchigan State University and the New York and C~~1nectiut State Agricultural Experimerct Stations
bullbullThese tests weI c onduc tcd in a natural infestation in FaTl River State Porest ILl lraps gtJere baited wit[ cc t t on dentJ wicks to which had been applied the indicated amcunt s of ( ) and-) (-) disparlure Delta traps were used in all ttsts i)fj a 25 III grid pat tfJ~11 rh) numbe r- of malt motho captured gtl2S reeordec c regular LrrtsrvaLs
In one experim8~lt the attrac tivene ns of racemic d i apar-I ure was compared with that of (+) enarrti omar Ihe rssults of middotshi test are given in Table 1
Table I Number of moths captur-sd il trans middotcLti ted with varying amount s elf racemic and optically active Hsparlure
1 L
lCCJC
------------------__-----_ _--__------shy
II II These ltlata clearly reflect -gt0 superior attractancy of the (+) enarrt iore r
compared with that of racemic mate r i al Approximately 10 X more raoths were captured with 100 ug (+) disP8rlure than with an equal amount of racemic pheromone Unfor-tuna te Ly limited amounts of the enantiomers
II prohibited testing at dosages gTeater than 10C ug and therefore it is
II not known if greater dosages woull -Lead to repeLten t or inhibitory effects It should also be noted that the Jptically active material contained ca 66 of its an t i podo Hirhly puCified pbermiddot~Cwj~e would likely yield someshywhat different data Ih_u is the first rcpc--t of 3~ clear relationship beshytween dosage and r-e sponee wheIc n_creased ple romone concentration y-ields a corresponding increase in ruoth response
II In another test the inhLbi t ory properties ()f t1gt (-) s nant iomar- were quantified deti3rrninirlg tile at t ractivenes (~r var i cus ratios of (+) and (-) disparlure These lata a~e presented n Table I
bull Table II NWllber of riaLe mo trs captured in tIP -x1ited with various
t~r8rltiomer ra tios
bull ----- -~---_ I shy
ugtraJ ug -) per Average catch ( -I- ) -i- _----LQ_ llg ~~_ J2eL_tmiddotr~a=p _
9 jL o (I te 936 1 1 75 120
c99 _J j 3-68 63 I
bull J 00 ioo L+ 12 ~ ~I I ) 380 32
bull L159 59 ~ 08
As addi tiCmiddot] iJlCgt1EltS oi (-) middotnre tdded V_ ij CZS ccntaiuing 10 uij (+) a t tr-activene ss 22di~J jmiddotrc~8s-(~ dsmonc2at~E the Lnhib i tOIJ nature
Yn t he ( c-~ j bull_ 1 m n - v 11+ i (1 60L f th01 rllt~ - 11 ccuUCc JgO_Ll -l_~e au k bull t-_f- CO bullbull oa~ne I )0 0 v bull e
II bull ) - -- n -I- f- - ~ 1 s +--- +- bull - -- - f ( rl J l dOppOSle c_Dctl_bull )Eler hie e_ua ar tr-ac mvene so O~ + -LlSpar_Ure COU
Dot be ceteIlied ~~xt-aTJ)lation of the p]ttcCc data suggests that 9Cf~ (+) disp2rl1lle 1~Cl~_middot(J cap turv 15-~() t i mes a iafr ~ioths as TaGer-tic phero-shymane at tho 10 -cC -2vel
A rnore 6ta-iled -report i s cur-rentIy ceins- lYr-pT~P( JJ_C pub lication The manuacrLpt -middotimiddotL 1 c~ i ~11 uIsd ~ n tho nex t LacL8tcr_~ P~ IJort
Project Number GM 623 Project Title Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leader Charles P Schwalbe
There is no progress to report on this project A prototype apparatus is being assembled which will permit systematic evaluation of various collection substrates Recent papers report successful collection of airborn volatiles on Porapak Q and Molecular sieve If quantitative collection of disparlure from female moths is s11ccessful pheromone emission will be used as a standard for determining quality of insects mass reared under various conditions
I I I I I
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I I I I I
Project Number GM 626 Project Title Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leader Edward C Paszek
Tree Tanglefoot a natural product made from castor oil gum resins and vegetable wax was used as an adhesive for sJPSY moth traps for )6 years 1913-1969 It was replaced in 1970 with Tack Trap a synthetic plastic type adhesive (polyisobutylene) which was less costly and through field testing found to be more effective than Tree Tanglefoot in holding capshytured moths in a trap Tack Trap has gone up in price fr-om $0421b in 1970 to $130lb in 1976 A number of companies are marketing synthetic sticky compounds to protect trees from climbing insects and as bird reshypellants These compounds were compared with Tack Trap and Tree Tanglefoot to determine their effectiveness in holding ca~tured ~psy moths
8plusmn5 of the following six compounds were weighed and applied to approxishymately 286 cm2 of the interior surface area of Delta traps An aging study on 12 these open traps was conducted in the greenhouse at a tempshyerature range of 10degC to 32degC for 5) months (119-62376) A field bioassay was made on 71476 after 6 months of aging in a natural infestshyation followed by a laboratory bioassay 91676 after 8 months of aging
Table I Mean number of 6 Boths per trap after 1 hour field bioassay in heavy infestation 24 hour laboratory chamber bioassay with )00 released 6 moths
Field Laboratory
Tack Trap (new sample) 145 60 Bird Iang1efoot 120 90 Excelcide Bird Repellant 105 200 Tack Trap (old sample) t10 105 Stikem-Special Iree Tanglefoot
6S o r
14)1)
After 6 months of aging in open traps Tack Prap Bird Ianglefoot Excelshycide Bird Repellant and Stikem-Special held captur-ed native moths Tree Tanglefoot glazed over and was a poor adhesive When bioassayed Ln a laboratory chamber after 8 months oflging vri it released moths many moths entered and fLev out of the traps indcating that the adhe sive tend to dry out and stiffen after Long periods of aging
The remaining samples were stored folded flat on the shelf in a closed paper carton at room te~perature (approxi~ately 22C) B~th sets of traps were weighed after 6 weeks of aging (3176) to deterwiu8 weight loss of the adhesives due to voLat i Liza t i on of solvents
-ushy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
-32shy
bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II II II II
bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
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Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
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II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
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II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
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100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
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_ 1976 2 NCR
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0
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20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
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I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
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Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
-49shy
I I
Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
I I
-50shy
I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
I I I I I I I
Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
I I I I
I II
I I
I I
Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
I
I
I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
I
I I I I I I I
-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
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and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
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~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
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- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
II - II - II II II II II II II - - II II -- shy -Foliage Average Larval String Counts
Material Dosage Protection Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment l 25 Ib ai5 gallA L~9 5 20 46 50 Ib ai5 gallA 667 25 22
10 lb ai5 gallA 854 30 20Imidan 50 wp 15 lb ai5 gallA 580 18 33
20 Ib ai5 gallA 565 2S 16 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 420 33 14
Check - 3middotS 19 8
1O25 Ib ai5 gallA -LL bull 5 26 5 So Ib ailS gallA 620 22 2
10 Ib ailS gallA 43middotS 23 2Sevin 80S 15 Ib ailS gallA 55S 22 1
20 Ib ailS gallA 827 26 1 3middotS Ib ailS gallA 894 2S S
Check - So 42 40
2S Ib ai5 gallA 800 29 6
50 lb ailS gallA 911-1 25 3 10 Ib ailS gallA SlLtO 26 2
NI Orthene 7SS ~J
15 Ib ailS gallA 9)-1-0 29 0 I 20 Ib ailS gallA 940 22 0
35 Ib ai5 gallA 940 19 0 Check - 7S 48 Sl
Sevin-4-oil + 20 1b ailS gallA 770 39 6 T X-190 + H2O 35 Ib ai5 gallA 870 3S 9
12S Ib ailS gallA 750 15 1NTH 9306 5 Ib ailS gallA 730 IS 2
oCheck - 20 10j
l Post-treatment readings based on 5th day after treatment
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Conclusion Initial results show that Imidan~ 50 Wp gave ca 5~o folia~~ protection and ca 16 larval reduction at the 3 higher dosages
SevillE 80S gave ca 76 foliage protection and ca 99 reduction in larval activity at the 3 higher dosages
Orthenereg 758 gave ca 94 foliage protection and ca 100 larval control at the 3 higher dosages
In comparison the two new formulations of Sevin-4-oil and T X-190 and H20 and NTN 9306 gave ca 8~o and 74 foliage protection respectively and ca 78 and 87 reduction in larval activity respectively
Data in the following table indicate that Orthene0) 758 and Sevi~ 80S will give the greatest degree of foliage protection as well as reducing larval activity on a 15 foot string count
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bullbull I)
I)
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bullbullbullbullbull II II I)
II I)
II I)
Project Number GM 614 Proj8ct Title Evaluation of Pesticides for Browntail Moth Report Period April 1 1976 - September 31 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
The primary objective of this p~oject is to screen candidate materials against the browntail moth
Orthene reg was the only material tested against brown tail larvae
Dosage Instar 110rtali ty Days
After Treatment
1 IbaigalA II 92 2 05 IbaigalA II 100 2 025 IbaigalA II 96 2 012 IbaigalA II 90 2 006lbaigalA II 98 2 Check II loS 2
Mr McLane Mr Stockbridge Mr Stelle Mr Mosley and Mr Cartier met with Cape Cod National Seashore personnel to discuss future broNQtail work on the Cape A 5 year program was proposed as a result of the meeting and phone conversations vi th the Department of Interior and APHIS personnel
1976 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil ground plots with Sevin 80S
1977 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil Pyrethrin and Dimilin
1978 Select the most promising from the ones experimentally tested in 1976 and 1977 treat the entire infestation on Cape Cod using aircraft backpacks and mistblowers
1979 Clean up any infestation left
1980 Clean up any infestation left
However after a meeting wi th the Seashore Advisory Committee park super-shyintendent Hadley made a decision that no spraying should be done Q~til
the committee was informed of our plans and their approval was obtained To date this meeting has not come about
Meetings
Area I Managerial Meeting Hartford Corill Mr McLane gave a talk on the proposed 5 year broivntai1 moth program for Cape Cod Mass
Mr McLane met with Mr J KilIan Chief Environmentalist for the Cape Cod National Seashore to discuss the brovrrtaiL problem at the Seashore
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bullbullbullbull II II
bull II II II II
bullbullbullbullbull
Project Number (~riI 6l5 Project Title Regulatory Treatments (Laboratory - Field) Report Period AfrE 1 1976 - September W 1976 Report TJpe Irl tertIa Project Leaders Winfred H McLane L Ii Herbaugh J A Einney
The lack of effective treatment methods fer recreational vehicles and mobile homes is a major dficipncy Ll the APHIS Gypsy Hath regulatory program Slt1xpcIimentcl laboratory and field tests are conducted to develop improved techniques for cP2ling iii tt thi s and other r811atory problems
On December 191175 a residue test I2S s tartlaquo Nt) 7 irs(~ctiGiles Tvo hundr-ed tar paper squares (6 x 6) each were treated with insectjcide using amp c 5 It aita1 soLut i on SevfTI insecticideswere tested with 1 set of tar paper used fUJ a check The papers were treated to the point of runshyoff Half of t he paper-s were aged oucdoor-s tacked under (4 x 8) sheets of masonite haI f were hs Ld inside the laboratory Norie were exposed to sunlight
Ten newly h~tchd sectYl)sy noth larvae were exposed to tar paper sheets at 10 day Lnte rval a iC)r the f i r s t lCO days of aging fo Llowing treatment This was achieve by pLacing +he paper in a cyl inrrricaL cardboard container wi th artificial di et lt J10rta1 ity readings were( made after 24 hours and L8 hours
Mortality Hr- JJarvae Exposed After Naterial Aged
Material ~___ to IvIaterial U)() Days 200 Das 260 Lays
DDT 50 vp Insil1Ff lGO 100 32 inside ~CJO 100 100
0Outside 100 jlt 20 UlI1sideuro- 100 100 100
Resmethrin Inside 24 28 (EC) Inside )-8 oP R4 I ~)
IJutfLfle 24 28 48 7)-
SBP-l Sl) 2L R(8C) Ll~middot
OJ 9C -I iOe
96
10 1f)C
bullbull II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
bullbull
I10rtality Hr La~Jae Exposed After Ha terial
laterial Aged to r1aterial 100 Days 200 Days 26C Daye
Phoxin Inside 24 100 98 100 (EC) IIlside 48 100 100 100
Outs i de 24 100 100 100 Outside La 100 100 100
Pyrenone Inside 2L+ 34 46 2 (EC) insLde 48 60 72 46
cdOutside --I~ 38 16 a Outside I+8 61~ +2 28
I1onitor Inside ~I lUO )eLf 78 (L
G~)(EC) 118 1)0 100 Outsids 2Li 66 46
ooOutside LiS i(JO z jLi
) I Check Inside - -t 5~middot 26 0 - j
Insid~ hB ~L gt+ 6 l)uttir~c 4 20 2 Cllt3ide- ~t~~ t ~ 1+0 6
Based on Laboratrrv rfsul tc lJresented in the IJst report a field test was started August 3 196 with Iop Job pine scent wax [ax remover Dimilin and fire ex t ingui shcr agent Ten egg masses are be ing treated each month from August 3 197C unt i I April 1 1977 Five masses are being covered wi th black building paper and S are being left exposed lhree dosages of each material are being usel along wi th a check
During April 1977 211 eggs will be col Lec ted and incubated in the labora-middot tory for hatch If hatch can hi pr2vented it may be possible to uae one or more of thlaquo materials as a treatment on tr_L18rs and RVs
To date 3 t reatments haveJeer made
On June 23 19761+ uate r i al s (Sevin (583 S8 [n-i~-il Orthene and Lrridan ) most generally used f Jr gypsy mot h control h~ sprayed -+0 the poi rrt of runshyoff on 110 acre plots us ing a back-pack mist~jL)1er Dosago s usee were same as rec()mmeIldw~ in ths APHIS recillatorJ rnanual
Every 3 day fo11ovrC9 tl(~atment rliage was c oll eo te d and Lioassaysd against 3ro instar Larvae 1fCt~middot~ 72 hour lrtality reading being mado After 9middot days treated foliag wal stiLl givirfL~_2[pound211eln mortalitx
q ~[ortality After Material L Days Ul Days lC s3[S _
Sevin 8)3
Sev-inmiddotmiddotL-Gil OrtbeEe Imidan Check 17
--
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II
Project Number GM 616 Project Title Field Testing of Javenile Hormone Analogs for Ovicidal
Activity Report Period Anril 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Itterim Project Leaders Charles P Schwa2be A P Norris
The juvenile hormone analogs Al tozar lE and ZR-t19 SE have been reported as having ovicidal properties When gypsy moth 8fg nasses are deposited on recently treated surfaces hat chab iLi ty yf 8ggS is reduced ZR-619 also appears to inhibit female moths from layingjhriT full complement of eggs Compounds with these properties may be user1 fOT regulatory treatments
Boles of white and red oak trees -lere sprayed foe tho point of ruri-off with water emulsions of Altozar and ZR-619 at 8g1 Ireatsents were aged for 1 3 7 14 21 and 28 days before bioassay At tb~ end of each aging period S or more 3 day old mated female moths from f Le Ld collected pupae were imprisoned on each of S trees (total ()f 25 replicatestreatment) Ihere were 10 replicates (2 trees) for each control The female moths that deposited egg masses were recovered (generally after one day) placed in polyethylene bags and frOZet111D riI they could be dissected to determine the number of unl a i d eggs Egg masses wiI 1 be coJlscted from the treated and control surfaces during IlecembQr 1976 an~ tested for embryonation parasi tization and ha tchabiLt ty
Females from the 1 3 7 and 28 day exposure pe r i ous have been dissected and unlaid eggs counted The results are shovn by the accompanying tab Le Preliminarily it appears that with the excep ti on of the 1 day ZR-61) treatment there was no effect of treatment on the nurnbe r of eggs laid by female moths It is interesting to note that laboratoryreaTf3(J tno th s were useci for the 1 day ZR-6l9 trea tluent Dcotailed disCUSSJCiD 01 thesA data will be deferred until all ]~eSl--l ts OCl egg smbryona t i on parc~si_ t i zation and hatchability have been obtained
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-----------
middot-------_ bullbullbull _~ bullbull EGGS lJlI11AID EY FENALES EXPOSED TO TRUNKS pHEATED WITH ALTOZAR 4E lIJm ZRmiddot-619 SE
Q2Y2129ynd
Iiays Treatment
ampif_~i
Numbe-r of Used
_fre~ t Control
Females Recovered
Tle~t __CoDjl~_
Numbe-r Unlaid Eggs Total Average
1reaJ_Qonto L)~1Zs~J_-0ontro1
Al i008) ) E~
ZI -~ I~~ 19 ~I~~
I
J 36 c )
14 Ij(1
32 ~
1 f 1~Lr
13 123[3 7G34
380 1797
387 )36
271 138 ~)
A1 t ozar I
11-- S1 C] ~ --
3
3 L~O
50 16 T1-s 1shy
30 ~)8
If) 1 -Llt
1394 1519
619 - (1 I
J-~
L+65 5hJ
Lf 13 493
A1 t-IZ~lX )~r~
~~R-C ~L9 ~jE
i ~ r ~O
Igt ~ c
15 18
J- 39
11 1 I LL4
104)~ l1-rr
660 F3S5
J26 292
508 632
I ) -J
I
Al t 0 L~i C i~)
-~Ti lt(j1 r)
Altozar wE Z11-(19 SE
)Q
~
- ~)
- 1 j
LJ
25 27
3j
30
12 -
-ii
14 IS
2S ~) ~
25 2S
10 1U
11 J 2
805 sed
1059 1398
2L~6 r(0
JJSO 9
2 3)
Li24 5)9
25() 6
12~ 7 391
JfJrtttcry r~ared iEIalCs ant] m3Jl~ used aUJthers ere fr-om f iel d collected pupae
bullbull Project Number GM 622
bull Project Title Responses of ~Ble Gypsy Moths to Traps as AffecteC ~
the PeatE of Pheromone Release Report Period April I 1976 - Septe~ber 30 1976
bullbull
Report Type Errcer im Project Leaders Charles P Sch~Lb2 E C Paszek
Preliminary trapping experiments with disparlure indicated that attracti-veshyness is affected by the rJte at which the pheromone is released from the trap Large amount s of lure seemed 0 have an inhfb i torr or repellent effect ConfLrmatorv studies were planned in which multiples of Corrre Ic fibers would be used to bait standaTd delta traps in order to define the pheromone ls1ea8e rate at which maxinnna attradiveness 10 sul ted Such inshyformation would be 2xcPPdingly useful in pI(eparnf specifications for comshy
bull mercial production of progTam pheromone dispenpers Unfortunately certain difficulties vpre encYLmtered in developing a sound expemiddotrinental program and it was suggested that this work be carried out by scientists at the
bullPennsylvania Stat Uni ve r-si ty Freliminary date have been made available to us but we 8re unable to uti I izhen in this report
bullExperiments in tti- pr)j0ct aCil Cl conduc tcd in collaboration with the ARS Optically active enantiCnj2rs of cis-Jlrparhrre were generously made available by Dr NarU1n(j~ Nagoya Uruve r-s i vs Iagoya Japan The objective of the tests was to determine the attractiveness (or other biological
bull properties) of tIl optically active ~nantiomers of disparlure Similar experiments were conducted by scientists from Nlchigan State University and the New York and C~~1nectiut State Agricultural Experimerct Stations
bullbullThese tests weI c onduc tcd in a natural infestation in FaTl River State Porest ILl lraps gtJere baited wit[ cc t t on dentJ wicks to which had been applied the indicated amcunt s of ( ) and-) (-) disparlure Delta traps were used in all ttsts i)fj a 25 III grid pat tfJ~11 rh) numbe r- of malt motho captured gtl2S reeordec c regular LrrtsrvaLs
In one experim8~lt the attrac tivene ns of racemic d i apar-I ure was compared with that of (+) enarrti omar Ihe rssults of middotshi test are given in Table 1
Table I Number of moths captur-sd il trans middotcLti ted with varying amount s elf racemic and optically active Hsparlure
1 L
lCCJC
------------------__-----_ _--__------shy
II II These ltlata clearly reflect -gt0 superior attractancy of the (+) enarrt iore r
compared with that of racemic mate r i al Approximately 10 X more raoths were captured with 100 ug (+) disP8rlure than with an equal amount of racemic pheromone Unfor-tuna te Ly limited amounts of the enantiomers
II prohibited testing at dosages gTeater than 10C ug and therefore it is
II not known if greater dosages woull -Lead to repeLten t or inhibitory effects It should also be noted that the Jptically active material contained ca 66 of its an t i podo Hirhly puCified pbermiddot~Cwj~e would likely yield someshywhat different data Ih_u is the first rcpc--t of 3~ clear relationship beshytween dosage and r-e sponee wheIc n_creased ple romone concentration y-ields a corresponding increase in ruoth response
II In another test the inhLbi t ory properties ()f t1gt (-) s nant iomar- were quantified deti3rrninirlg tile at t ractivenes (~r var i cus ratios of (+) and (-) disparlure These lata a~e presented n Table I
bull Table II NWllber of riaLe mo trs captured in tIP -x1ited with various
t~r8rltiomer ra tios
bull ----- -~---_ I shy
ugtraJ ug -) per Average catch ( -I- ) -i- _----LQ_ llg ~~_ J2eL_tmiddotr~a=p _
9 jL o (I te 936 1 1 75 120
c99 _J j 3-68 63 I
bull J 00 ioo L+ 12 ~ ~I I ) 380 32
bull L159 59 ~ 08
As addi tiCmiddot] iJlCgt1EltS oi (-) middotnre tdded V_ ij CZS ccntaiuing 10 uij (+) a t tr-activene ss 22di~J jmiddotrc~8s-(~ dsmonc2at~E the Lnhib i tOIJ nature
Yn t he ( c-~ j bull_ 1 m n - v 11+ i (1 60L f th01 rllt~ - 11 ccuUCc JgO_Ll -l_~e au k bull t-_f- CO bullbull oa~ne I )0 0 v bull e
II bull ) - -- n -I- f- - ~ 1 s +--- +- bull - -- - f ( rl J l dOppOSle c_Dctl_bull )Eler hie e_ua ar tr-ac mvene so O~ + -LlSpar_Ure COU
Dot be ceteIlied ~~xt-aTJ)lation of the p]ttcCc data suggests that 9Cf~ (+) disp2rl1lle 1~Cl~_middot(J cap turv 15-~() t i mes a iafr ~ioths as TaGer-tic phero-shymane at tho 10 -cC -2vel
A rnore 6ta-iled -report i s cur-rentIy ceins- lYr-pT~P( JJ_C pub lication The manuacrLpt -middotimiddotL 1 c~ i ~11 uIsd ~ n tho nex t LacL8tcr_~ P~ IJort
Project Number GM 623 Project Title Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leader Charles P Schwalbe
There is no progress to report on this project A prototype apparatus is being assembled which will permit systematic evaluation of various collection substrates Recent papers report successful collection of airborn volatiles on Porapak Q and Molecular sieve If quantitative collection of disparlure from female moths is s11ccessful pheromone emission will be used as a standard for determining quality of insects mass reared under various conditions
I I I I I
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I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I
Project Number GM 626 Project Title Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leader Edward C Paszek
Tree Tanglefoot a natural product made from castor oil gum resins and vegetable wax was used as an adhesive for sJPSY moth traps for )6 years 1913-1969 It was replaced in 1970 with Tack Trap a synthetic plastic type adhesive (polyisobutylene) which was less costly and through field testing found to be more effective than Tree Tanglefoot in holding capshytured moths in a trap Tack Trap has gone up in price fr-om $0421b in 1970 to $130lb in 1976 A number of companies are marketing synthetic sticky compounds to protect trees from climbing insects and as bird reshypellants These compounds were compared with Tack Trap and Tree Tanglefoot to determine their effectiveness in holding ca~tured ~psy moths
8plusmn5 of the following six compounds were weighed and applied to approxishymately 286 cm2 of the interior surface area of Delta traps An aging study on 12 these open traps was conducted in the greenhouse at a tempshyerature range of 10degC to 32degC for 5) months (119-62376) A field bioassay was made on 71476 after 6 months of aging in a natural infestshyation followed by a laboratory bioassay 91676 after 8 months of aging
Table I Mean number of 6 Boths per trap after 1 hour field bioassay in heavy infestation 24 hour laboratory chamber bioassay with )00 released 6 moths
Field Laboratory
Tack Trap (new sample) 145 60 Bird Iang1efoot 120 90 Excelcide Bird Repellant 105 200 Tack Trap (old sample) t10 105 Stikem-Special Iree Tanglefoot
6S o r
14)1)
After 6 months of aging in open traps Tack Prap Bird Ianglefoot Excelshycide Bird Repellant and Stikem-Special held captur-ed native moths Tree Tanglefoot glazed over and was a poor adhesive When bioassayed Ln a laboratory chamber after 8 months oflging vri it released moths many moths entered and fLev out of the traps indcating that the adhe sive tend to dry out and stiffen after Long periods of aging
The remaining samples were stored folded flat on the shelf in a closed paper carton at room te~perature (approxi~ately 22C) B~th sets of traps were weighed after 6 weeks of aging (3176) to deterwiu8 weight loss of the adhesives due to voLat i Liza t i on of solvents
-ushy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
-32shy
bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
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bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
-----
Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
- 34shy-
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
-35shy
II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
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100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
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CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
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0= I~U Z
I~~ 0 tx N U
Z ~
pound0 t
~ N ()
I~ I
+ J ~ J
a U Z
-Ro o
-J
o a ~
Z
o o 0 o- 00 ~
031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
-49shy
I I
Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
I I
-50shy
I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
I I I I I I I
Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
I I I I
I II
I I
I I
Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
I
I
I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
I
I I I I I I I
-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
I
I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
-60shy
-------------------shy 111
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Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
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I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
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TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
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bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Conclusion Initial results show that Imidan~ 50 Wp gave ca 5~o folia~~ protection and ca 16 larval reduction at the 3 higher dosages
SevillE 80S gave ca 76 foliage protection and ca 99 reduction in larval activity at the 3 higher dosages
Orthenereg 758 gave ca 94 foliage protection and ca 100 larval control at the 3 higher dosages
In comparison the two new formulations of Sevin-4-oil and T X-190 and H20 and NTN 9306 gave ca 8~o and 74 foliage protection respectively and ca 78 and 87 reduction in larval activity respectively
Data in the following table indicate that Orthene0) 758 and Sevi~ 80S will give the greatest degree of foliage protection as well as reducing larval activity on a 15 foot string count
-22shy
bullbull I)
I)
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bullbullbullbullbull II II I)
II I)
II I)
Project Number GM 614 Proj8ct Title Evaluation of Pesticides for Browntail Moth Report Period April 1 1976 - September 31 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
The primary objective of this p~oject is to screen candidate materials against the browntail moth
Orthene reg was the only material tested against brown tail larvae
Dosage Instar 110rtali ty Days
After Treatment
1 IbaigalA II 92 2 05 IbaigalA II 100 2 025 IbaigalA II 96 2 012 IbaigalA II 90 2 006lbaigalA II 98 2 Check II loS 2
Mr McLane Mr Stockbridge Mr Stelle Mr Mosley and Mr Cartier met with Cape Cod National Seashore personnel to discuss future broNQtail work on the Cape A 5 year program was proposed as a result of the meeting and phone conversations vi th the Department of Interior and APHIS personnel
1976 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil ground plots with Sevin 80S
1977 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil Pyrethrin and Dimilin
1978 Select the most promising from the ones experimentally tested in 1976 and 1977 treat the entire infestation on Cape Cod using aircraft backpacks and mistblowers
1979 Clean up any infestation left
1980 Clean up any infestation left
However after a meeting wi th the Seashore Advisory Committee park super-shyintendent Hadley made a decision that no spraying should be done Q~til
the committee was informed of our plans and their approval was obtained To date this meeting has not come about
Meetings
Area I Managerial Meeting Hartford Corill Mr McLane gave a talk on the proposed 5 year broivntai1 moth program for Cape Cod Mass
Mr McLane met with Mr J KilIan Chief Environmentalist for the Cape Cod National Seashore to discuss the brovrrtaiL problem at the Seashore
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bullbullbullbull II II
bull II II II II
bullbullbullbullbull
Project Number (~riI 6l5 Project Title Regulatory Treatments (Laboratory - Field) Report Period AfrE 1 1976 - September W 1976 Report TJpe Irl tertIa Project Leaders Winfred H McLane L Ii Herbaugh J A Einney
The lack of effective treatment methods fer recreational vehicles and mobile homes is a major dficipncy Ll the APHIS Gypsy Hath regulatory program Slt1xpcIimentcl laboratory and field tests are conducted to develop improved techniques for cP2ling iii tt thi s and other r811atory problems
On December 191175 a residue test I2S s tartlaquo Nt) 7 irs(~ctiGiles Tvo hundr-ed tar paper squares (6 x 6) each were treated with insectjcide using amp c 5 It aita1 soLut i on SevfTI insecticideswere tested with 1 set of tar paper used fUJ a check The papers were treated to the point of runshyoff Half of t he paper-s were aged oucdoor-s tacked under (4 x 8) sheets of masonite haI f were hs Ld inside the laboratory Norie were exposed to sunlight
Ten newly h~tchd sectYl)sy noth larvae were exposed to tar paper sheets at 10 day Lnte rval a iC)r the f i r s t lCO days of aging fo Llowing treatment This was achieve by pLacing +he paper in a cyl inrrricaL cardboard container wi th artificial di et lt J10rta1 ity readings were( made after 24 hours and L8 hours
Mortality Hr- JJarvae Exposed After Naterial Aged
Material ~___ to IvIaterial U)() Days 200 Das 260 Lays
DDT 50 vp Insil1Ff lGO 100 32 inside ~CJO 100 100
0Outside 100 jlt 20 UlI1sideuro- 100 100 100
Resmethrin Inside 24 28 (EC) Inside )-8 oP R4 I ~)
IJutfLfle 24 28 48 7)-
SBP-l Sl) 2L R(8C) Ll~middot
OJ 9C -I iOe
96
10 1f)C
bullbull II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
bullbull
I10rtality Hr La~Jae Exposed After Ha terial
laterial Aged to r1aterial 100 Days 200 Days 26C Daye
Phoxin Inside 24 100 98 100 (EC) IIlside 48 100 100 100
Outs i de 24 100 100 100 Outside La 100 100 100
Pyrenone Inside 2L+ 34 46 2 (EC) insLde 48 60 72 46
cdOutside --I~ 38 16 a Outside I+8 61~ +2 28
I1onitor Inside ~I lUO )eLf 78 (L
G~)(EC) 118 1)0 100 Outsids 2Li 66 46
ooOutside LiS i(JO z jLi
) I Check Inside - -t 5~middot 26 0 - j
Insid~ hB ~L gt+ 6 l)uttir~c 4 20 2 Cllt3ide- ~t~~ t ~ 1+0 6
Based on Laboratrrv rfsul tc lJresented in the IJst report a field test was started August 3 196 with Iop Job pine scent wax [ax remover Dimilin and fire ex t ingui shcr agent Ten egg masses are be ing treated each month from August 3 197C unt i I April 1 1977 Five masses are being covered wi th black building paper and S are being left exposed lhree dosages of each material are being usel along wi th a check
During April 1977 211 eggs will be col Lec ted and incubated in the labora-middot tory for hatch If hatch can hi pr2vented it may be possible to uae one or more of thlaquo materials as a treatment on tr_L18rs and RVs
To date 3 t reatments haveJeer made
On June 23 19761+ uate r i al s (Sevin (583 S8 [n-i~-il Orthene and Lrridan ) most generally used f Jr gypsy mot h control h~ sprayed -+0 the poi rrt of runshyoff on 110 acre plots us ing a back-pack mist~jL)1er Dosago s usee were same as rec()mmeIldw~ in ths APHIS recillatorJ rnanual
Every 3 day fo11ovrC9 tl(~atment rliage was c oll eo te d and Lioassaysd against 3ro instar Larvae 1fCt~middot~ 72 hour lrtality reading being mado After 9middot days treated foliag wal stiLl givirfL~_2[pound211eln mortalitx
q ~[ortality After Material L Days Ul Days lC s3[S _
Sevin 8)3
Sev-inmiddotmiddotL-Gil OrtbeEe Imidan Check 17
--
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II
bullbullbullbull
II
Project Number GM 616 Project Title Field Testing of Javenile Hormone Analogs for Ovicidal
Activity Report Period Anril 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Itterim Project Leaders Charles P Schwa2be A P Norris
The juvenile hormone analogs Al tozar lE and ZR-t19 SE have been reported as having ovicidal properties When gypsy moth 8fg nasses are deposited on recently treated surfaces hat chab iLi ty yf 8ggS is reduced ZR-619 also appears to inhibit female moths from layingjhriT full complement of eggs Compounds with these properties may be user1 fOT regulatory treatments
Boles of white and red oak trees -lere sprayed foe tho point of ruri-off with water emulsions of Altozar and ZR-619 at 8g1 Ireatsents were aged for 1 3 7 14 21 and 28 days before bioassay At tb~ end of each aging period S or more 3 day old mated female moths from f Le Ld collected pupae were imprisoned on each of S trees (total ()f 25 replicatestreatment) Ihere were 10 replicates (2 trees) for each control The female moths that deposited egg masses were recovered (generally after one day) placed in polyethylene bags and frOZet111D riI they could be dissected to determine the number of unl a i d eggs Egg masses wiI 1 be coJlscted from the treated and control surfaces during IlecembQr 1976 an~ tested for embryonation parasi tization and ha tchabiLt ty
Females from the 1 3 7 and 28 day exposure pe r i ous have been dissected and unlaid eggs counted The results are shovn by the accompanying tab Le Preliminarily it appears that with the excep ti on of the 1 day ZR-61) treatment there was no effect of treatment on the nurnbe r of eggs laid by female moths It is interesting to note that laboratoryreaTf3(J tno th s were useci for the 1 day ZR-6l9 trea tluent Dcotailed disCUSSJCiD 01 thesA data will be deferred until all ]~eSl--l ts OCl egg smbryona t i on parc~si_ t i zation and hatchability have been obtained
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middot-------_ bullbullbull _~ bullbull EGGS lJlI11AID EY FENALES EXPOSED TO TRUNKS pHEATED WITH ALTOZAR 4E lIJm ZRmiddot-619 SE
Q2Y2129ynd
Iiays Treatment
ampif_~i
Numbe-r of Used
_fre~ t Control
Females Recovered
Tle~t __CoDjl~_
Numbe-r Unlaid Eggs Total Average
1reaJ_Qonto L)~1Zs~J_-0ontro1
Al i008) ) E~
ZI -~ I~~ 19 ~I~~
I
J 36 c )
14 Ij(1
32 ~
1 f 1~Lr
13 123[3 7G34
380 1797
387 )36
271 138 ~)
A1 t ozar I
11-- S1 C] ~ --
3
3 L~O
50 16 T1-s 1shy
30 ~)8
If) 1 -Llt
1394 1519
619 - (1 I
J-~
L+65 5hJ
Lf 13 493
A1 t-IZ~lX )~r~
~~R-C ~L9 ~jE
i ~ r ~O
Igt ~ c
15 18
J- 39
11 1 I LL4
104)~ l1-rr
660 F3S5
J26 292
508 632
I ) -J
I
Al t 0 L~i C i~)
-~Ti lt(j1 r)
Altozar wE Z11-(19 SE
)Q
~
- ~)
- 1 j
LJ
25 27
3j
30
12 -
-ii
14 IS
2S ~) ~
25 2S
10 1U
11 J 2
805 sed
1059 1398
2L~6 r(0
JJSO 9
2 3)
Li24 5)9
25() 6
12~ 7 391
JfJrtttcry r~ared iEIalCs ant] m3Jl~ used aUJthers ere fr-om f iel d collected pupae
bullbull Project Number GM 622
bull Project Title Responses of ~Ble Gypsy Moths to Traps as AffecteC ~
the PeatE of Pheromone Release Report Period April I 1976 - Septe~ber 30 1976
bullbull
Report Type Errcer im Project Leaders Charles P Sch~Lb2 E C Paszek
Preliminary trapping experiments with disparlure indicated that attracti-veshyness is affected by the rJte at which the pheromone is released from the trap Large amount s of lure seemed 0 have an inhfb i torr or repellent effect ConfLrmatorv studies were planned in which multiples of Corrre Ic fibers would be used to bait standaTd delta traps in order to define the pheromone ls1ea8e rate at which maxinnna attradiveness 10 sul ted Such inshyformation would be 2xcPPdingly useful in pI(eparnf specifications for comshy
bull mercial production of progTam pheromone dispenpers Unfortunately certain difficulties vpre encYLmtered in developing a sound expemiddotrinental program and it was suggested that this work be carried out by scientists at the
bullPennsylvania Stat Uni ve r-si ty Freliminary date have been made available to us but we 8re unable to uti I izhen in this report
bullExperiments in tti- pr)j0ct aCil Cl conduc tcd in collaboration with the ARS Optically active enantiCnj2rs of cis-Jlrparhrre were generously made available by Dr NarU1n(j~ Nagoya Uruve r-s i vs Iagoya Japan The objective of the tests was to determine the attractiveness (or other biological
bull properties) of tIl optically active ~nantiomers of disparlure Similar experiments were conducted by scientists from Nlchigan State University and the New York and C~~1nectiut State Agricultural Experimerct Stations
bullbullThese tests weI c onduc tcd in a natural infestation in FaTl River State Porest ILl lraps gtJere baited wit[ cc t t on dentJ wicks to which had been applied the indicated amcunt s of ( ) and-) (-) disparlure Delta traps were used in all ttsts i)fj a 25 III grid pat tfJ~11 rh) numbe r- of malt motho captured gtl2S reeordec c regular LrrtsrvaLs
In one experim8~lt the attrac tivene ns of racemic d i apar-I ure was compared with that of (+) enarrti omar Ihe rssults of middotshi test are given in Table 1
Table I Number of moths captur-sd il trans middotcLti ted with varying amount s elf racemic and optically active Hsparlure
1 L
lCCJC
------------------__-----_ _--__------shy
II II These ltlata clearly reflect -gt0 superior attractancy of the (+) enarrt iore r
compared with that of racemic mate r i al Approximately 10 X more raoths were captured with 100 ug (+) disP8rlure than with an equal amount of racemic pheromone Unfor-tuna te Ly limited amounts of the enantiomers
II prohibited testing at dosages gTeater than 10C ug and therefore it is
II not known if greater dosages woull -Lead to repeLten t or inhibitory effects It should also be noted that the Jptically active material contained ca 66 of its an t i podo Hirhly puCified pbermiddot~Cwj~e would likely yield someshywhat different data Ih_u is the first rcpc--t of 3~ clear relationship beshytween dosage and r-e sponee wheIc n_creased ple romone concentration y-ields a corresponding increase in ruoth response
II In another test the inhLbi t ory properties ()f t1gt (-) s nant iomar- were quantified deti3rrninirlg tile at t ractivenes (~r var i cus ratios of (+) and (-) disparlure These lata a~e presented n Table I
bull Table II NWllber of riaLe mo trs captured in tIP -x1ited with various
t~r8rltiomer ra tios
bull ----- -~---_ I shy
ugtraJ ug -) per Average catch ( -I- ) -i- _----LQ_ llg ~~_ J2eL_tmiddotr~a=p _
9 jL o (I te 936 1 1 75 120
c99 _J j 3-68 63 I
bull J 00 ioo L+ 12 ~ ~I I ) 380 32
bull L159 59 ~ 08
As addi tiCmiddot] iJlCgt1EltS oi (-) middotnre tdded V_ ij CZS ccntaiuing 10 uij (+) a t tr-activene ss 22di~J jmiddotrc~8s-(~ dsmonc2at~E the Lnhib i tOIJ nature
Yn t he ( c-~ j bull_ 1 m n - v 11+ i (1 60L f th01 rllt~ - 11 ccuUCc JgO_Ll -l_~e au k bull t-_f- CO bullbull oa~ne I )0 0 v bull e
II bull ) - -- n -I- f- - ~ 1 s +--- +- bull - -- - f ( rl J l dOppOSle c_Dctl_bull )Eler hie e_ua ar tr-ac mvene so O~ + -LlSpar_Ure COU
Dot be ceteIlied ~~xt-aTJ)lation of the p]ttcCc data suggests that 9Cf~ (+) disp2rl1lle 1~Cl~_middot(J cap turv 15-~() t i mes a iafr ~ioths as TaGer-tic phero-shymane at tho 10 -cC -2vel
A rnore 6ta-iled -report i s cur-rentIy ceins- lYr-pT~P( JJ_C pub lication The manuacrLpt -middotimiddotL 1 c~ i ~11 uIsd ~ n tho nex t LacL8tcr_~ P~ IJort
Project Number GM 623 Project Title Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leader Charles P Schwalbe
There is no progress to report on this project A prototype apparatus is being assembled which will permit systematic evaluation of various collection substrates Recent papers report successful collection of airborn volatiles on Porapak Q and Molecular sieve If quantitative collection of disparlure from female moths is s11ccessful pheromone emission will be used as a standard for determining quality of insects mass reared under various conditions
I I I I I
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I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I
Project Number GM 626 Project Title Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leader Edward C Paszek
Tree Tanglefoot a natural product made from castor oil gum resins and vegetable wax was used as an adhesive for sJPSY moth traps for )6 years 1913-1969 It was replaced in 1970 with Tack Trap a synthetic plastic type adhesive (polyisobutylene) which was less costly and through field testing found to be more effective than Tree Tanglefoot in holding capshytured moths in a trap Tack Trap has gone up in price fr-om $0421b in 1970 to $130lb in 1976 A number of companies are marketing synthetic sticky compounds to protect trees from climbing insects and as bird reshypellants These compounds were compared with Tack Trap and Tree Tanglefoot to determine their effectiveness in holding ca~tured ~psy moths
8plusmn5 of the following six compounds were weighed and applied to approxishymately 286 cm2 of the interior surface area of Delta traps An aging study on 12 these open traps was conducted in the greenhouse at a tempshyerature range of 10degC to 32degC for 5) months (119-62376) A field bioassay was made on 71476 after 6 months of aging in a natural infestshyation followed by a laboratory bioassay 91676 after 8 months of aging
Table I Mean number of 6 Boths per trap after 1 hour field bioassay in heavy infestation 24 hour laboratory chamber bioassay with )00 released 6 moths
Field Laboratory
Tack Trap (new sample) 145 60 Bird Iang1efoot 120 90 Excelcide Bird Repellant 105 200 Tack Trap (old sample) t10 105 Stikem-Special Iree Tanglefoot
6S o r
14)1)
After 6 months of aging in open traps Tack Prap Bird Ianglefoot Excelshycide Bird Repellant and Stikem-Special held captur-ed native moths Tree Tanglefoot glazed over and was a poor adhesive When bioassayed Ln a laboratory chamber after 8 months oflging vri it released moths many moths entered and fLev out of the traps indcating that the adhe sive tend to dry out and stiffen after Long periods of aging
The remaining samples were stored folded flat on the shelf in a closed paper carton at room te~perature (approxi~ately 22C) B~th sets of traps were weighed after 6 weeks of aging (3176) to deterwiu8 weight loss of the adhesives due to voLat i Liza t i on of solvents
-ushy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
-32shy
bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II II II II
bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
-----
Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
- 34shy-
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
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II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
-shy
CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
I -v f)
I
10
bullbull C N
bull 0shy-It)---
C) ~
~ et
gtshy ~
-lt
l 1 o Li
u Clt bull z ~ l pH
V i) j
iJ2
~
1M
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0= I~U Z
I~~ 0 tx N U
Z ~
pound0 t
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Z
o o 0 o- 00 ~
031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
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Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
I I
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I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
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Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
I I I I
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Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
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I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
I
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-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
I
I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
I
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
II I I I
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I
Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
I
Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
bull I I
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
I I I
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I -62shy
tests is being done can begin as soon as
I
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
I
I I
-65shy
I
Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
I
I
I
I
I llEPEL-
I TIES
I
I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
I I
I
I
I
I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
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I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
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- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
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bullbull I)
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bullbullbullbullbull II II I)
II I)
II I)
Project Number GM 614 Proj8ct Title Evaluation of Pesticides for Browntail Moth Report Period April 1 1976 - September 31 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leaders Winfred H McLane Joyce A Finney
The primary objective of this p~oject is to screen candidate materials against the browntail moth
Orthene reg was the only material tested against brown tail larvae
Dosage Instar 110rtali ty Days
After Treatment
1 IbaigalA II 92 2 05 IbaigalA II 100 2 025 IbaigalA II 96 2 012 IbaigalA II 90 2 006lbaigalA II 98 2 Check II loS 2
Mr McLane Mr Stockbridge Mr Stelle Mr Mosley and Mr Cartier met with Cape Cod National Seashore personnel to discuss future broNQtail work on the Cape A 5 year program was proposed as a result of the meeting and phone conversations vi th the Department of Interior and APHIS personnel
1976 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil ground plots with Sevin 80S
1977 Aerial plots with Sevin-4-oil Pyrethrin and Dimilin
1978 Select the most promising from the ones experimentally tested in 1976 and 1977 treat the entire infestation on Cape Cod using aircraft backpacks and mistblowers
1979 Clean up any infestation left
1980 Clean up any infestation left
However after a meeting wi th the Seashore Advisory Committee park super-shyintendent Hadley made a decision that no spraying should be done Q~til
the committee was informed of our plans and their approval was obtained To date this meeting has not come about
Meetings
Area I Managerial Meeting Hartford Corill Mr McLane gave a talk on the proposed 5 year broivntai1 moth program for Cape Cod Mass
Mr McLane met with Mr J KilIan Chief Environmentalist for the Cape Cod National Seashore to discuss the brovrrtaiL problem at the Seashore
-23shy
bullbullbullbull II II
bull II II II II
bullbullbullbullbull
Project Number (~riI 6l5 Project Title Regulatory Treatments (Laboratory - Field) Report Period AfrE 1 1976 - September W 1976 Report TJpe Irl tertIa Project Leaders Winfred H McLane L Ii Herbaugh J A Einney
The lack of effective treatment methods fer recreational vehicles and mobile homes is a major dficipncy Ll the APHIS Gypsy Hath regulatory program Slt1xpcIimentcl laboratory and field tests are conducted to develop improved techniques for cP2ling iii tt thi s and other r811atory problems
On December 191175 a residue test I2S s tartlaquo Nt) 7 irs(~ctiGiles Tvo hundr-ed tar paper squares (6 x 6) each were treated with insectjcide using amp c 5 It aita1 soLut i on SevfTI insecticideswere tested with 1 set of tar paper used fUJ a check The papers were treated to the point of runshyoff Half of t he paper-s were aged oucdoor-s tacked under (4 x 8) sheets of masonite haI f were hs Ld inside the laboratory Norie were exposed to sunlight
Ten newly h~tchd sectYl)sy noth larvae were exposed to tar paper sheets at 10 day Lnte rval a iC)r the f i r s t lCO days of aging fo Llowing treatment This was achieve by pLacing +he paper in a cyl inrrricaL cardboard container wi th artificial di et lt J10rta1 ity readings were( made after 24 hours and L8 hours
Mortality Hr- JJarvae Exposed After Naterial Aged
Material ~___ to IvIaterial U)() Days 200 Das 260 Lays
DDT 50 vp Insil1Ff lGO 100 32 inside ~CJO 100 100
0Outside 100 jlt 20 UlI1sideuro- 100 100 100
Resmethrin Inside 24 28 (EC) Inside )-8 oP R4 I ~)
IJutfLfle 24 28 48 7)-
SBP-l Sl) 2L R(8C) Ll~middot
OJ 9C -I iOe
96
10 1f)C
bullbull II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
bullbull
I10rtality Hr La~Jae Exposed After Ha terial
laterial Aged to r1aterial 100 Days 200 Days 26C Daye
Phoxin Inside 24 100 98 100 (EC) IIlside 48 100 100 100
Outs i de 24 100 100 100 Outside La 100 100 100
Pyrenone Inside 2L+ 34 46 2 (EC) insLde 48 60 72 46
cdOutside --I~ 38 16 a Outside I+8 61~ +2 28
I1onitor Inside ~I lUO )eLf 78 (L
G~)(EC) 118 1)0 100 Outsids 2Li 66 46
ooOutside LiS i(JO z jLi
) I Check Inside - -t 5~middot 26 0 - j
Insid~ hB ~L gt+ 6 l)uttir~c 4 20 2 Cllt3ide- ~t~~ t ~ 1+0 6
Based on Laboratrrv rfsul tc lJresented in the IJst report a field test was started August 3 196 with Iop Job pine scent wax [ax remover Dimilin and fire ex t ingui shcr agent Ten egg masses are be ing treated each month from August 3 197C unt i I April 1 1977 Five masses are being covered wi th black building paper and S are being left exposed lhree dosages of each material are being usel along wi th a check
During April 1977 211 eggs will be col Lec ted and incubated in the labora-middot tory for hatch If hatch can hi pr2vented it may be possible to uae one or more of thlaquo materials as a treatment on tr_L18rs and RVs
To date 3 t reatments haveJeer made
On June 23 19761+ uate r i al s (Sevin (583 S8 [n-i~-il Orthene and Lrridan ) most generally used f Jr gypsy mot h control h~ sprayed -+0 the poi rrt of runshyoff on 110 acre plots us ing a back-pack mist~jL)1er Dosago s usee were same as rec()mmeIldw~ in ths APHIS recillatorJ rnanual
Every 3 day fo11ovrC9 tl(~atment rliage was c oll eo te d and Lioassaysd against 3ro instar Larvae 1fCt~middot~ 72 hour lrtality reading being mado After 9middot days treated foliag wal stiLl givirfL~_2[pound211eln mortalitx
q ~[ortality After Material L Days Ul Days lC s3[S _
Sevin 8)3
Sev-inmiddotmiddotL-Gil OrtbeEe Imidan Check 17
--
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II
bullbullbullbull
II
Project Number GM 616 Project Title Field Testing of Javenile Hormone Analogs for Ovicidal
Activity Report Period Anril 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Itterim Project Leaders Charles P Schwa2be A P Norris
The juvenile hormone analogs Al tozar lE and ZR-t19 SE have been reported as having ovicidal properties When gypsy moth 8fg nasses are deposited on recently treated surfaces hat chab iLi ty yf 8ggS is reduced ZR-619 also appears to inhibit female moths from layingjhriT full complement of eggs Compounds with these properties may be user1 fOT regulatory treatments
Boles of white and red oak trees -lere sprayed foe tho point of ruri-off with water emulsions of Altozar and ZR-619 at 8g1 Ireatsents were aged for 1 3 7 14 21 and 28 days before bioassay At tb~ end of each aging period S or more 3 day old mated female moths from f Le Ld collected pupae were imprisoned on each of S trees (total ()f 25 replicatestreatment) Ihere were 10 replicates (2 trees) for each control The female moths that deposited egg masses were recovered (generally after one day) placed in polyethylene bags and frOZet111D riI they could be dissected to determine the number of unl a i d eggs Egg masses wiI 1 be coJlscted from the treated and control surfaces during IlecembQr 1976 an~ tested for embryonation parasi tization and ha tchabiLt ty
Females from the 1 3 7 and 28 day exposure pe r i ous have been dissected and unlaid eggs counted The results are shovn by the accompanying tab Le Preliminarily it appears that with the excep ti on of the 1 day ZR-61) treatment there was no effect of treatment on the nurnbe r of eggs laid by female moths It is interesting to note that laboratoryreaTf3(J tno th s were useci for the 1 day ZR-6l9 trea tluent Dcotailed disCUSSJCiD 01 thesA data will be deferred until all ]~eSl--l ts OCl egg smbryona t i on parc~si_ t i zation and hatchability have been obtained
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-----------
middot-------_ bullbullbull _~ bullbull EGGS lJlI11AID EY FENALES EXPOSED TO TRUNKS pHEATED WITH ALTOZAR 4E lIJm ZRmiddot-619 SE
Q2Y2129ynd
Iiays Treatment
ampif_~i
Numbe-r of Used
_fre~ t Control
Females Recovered
Tle~t __CoDjl~_
Numbe-r Unlaid Eggs Total Average
1reaJ_Qonto L)~1Zs~J_-0ontro1
Al i008) ) E~
ZI -~ I~~ 19 ~I~~
I
J 36 c )
14 Ij(1
32 ~
1 f 1~Lr
13 123[3 7G34
380 1797
387 )36
271 138 ~)
A1 t ozar I
11-- S1 C] ~ --
3
3 L~O
50 16 T1-s 1shy
30 ~)8
If) 1 -Llt
1394 1519
619 - (1 I
J-~
L+65 5hJ
Lf 13 493
A1 t-IZ~lX )~r~
~~R-C ~L9 ~jE
i ~ r ~O
Igt ~ c
15 18
J- 39
11 1 I LL4
104)~ l1-rr
660 F3S5
J26 292
508 632
I ) -J
I
Al t 0 L~i C i~)
-~Ti lt(j1 r)
Altozar wE Z11-(19 SE
)Q
~
- ~)
- 1 j
LJ
25 27
3j
30
12 -
-ii
14 IS
2S ~) ~
25 2S
10 1U
11 J 2
805 sed
1059 1398
2L~6 r(0
JJSO 9
2 3)
Li24 5)9
25() 6
12~ 7 391
JfJrtttcry r~ared iEIalCs ant] m3Jl~ used aUJthers ere fr-om f iel d collected pupae
bullbull Project Number GM 622
bull Project Title Responses of ~Ble Gypsy Moths to Traps as AffecteC ~
the PeatE of Pheromone Release Report Period April I 1976 - Septe~ber 30 1976
bullbull
Report Type Errcer im Project Leaders Charles P Sch~Lb2 E C Paszek
Preliminary trapping experiments with disparlure indicated that attracti-veshyness is affected by the rJte at which the pheromone is released from the trap Large amount s of lure seemed 0 have an inhfb i torr or repellent effect ConfLrmatorv studies were planned in which multiples of Corrre Ic fibers would be used to bait standaTd delta traps in order to define the pheromone ls1ea8e rate at which maxinnna attradiveness 10 sul ted Such inshyformation would be 2xcPPdingly useful in pI(eparnf specifications for comshy
bull mercial production of progTam pheromone dispenpers Unfortunately certain difficulties vpre encYLmtered in developing a sound expemiddotrinental program and it was suggested that this work be carried out by scientists at the
bullPennsylvania Stat Uni ve r-si ty Freliminary date have been made available to us but we 8re unable to uti I izhen in this report
bullExperiments in tti- pr)j0ct aCil Cl conduc tcd in collaboration with the ARS Optically active enantiCnj2rs of cis-Jlrparhrre were generously made available by Dr NarU1n(j~ Nagoya Uruve r-s i vs Iagoya Japan The objective of the tests was to determine the attractiveness (or other biological
bull properties) of tIl optically active ~nantiomers of disparlure Similar experiments were conducted by scientists from Nlchigan State University and the New York and C~~1nectiut State Agricultural Experimerct Stations
bullbullThese tests weI c onduc tcd in a natural infestation in FaTl River State Porest ILl lraps gtJere baited wit[ cc t t on dentJ wicks to which had been applied the indicated amcunt s of ( ) and-) (-) disparlure Delta traps were used in all ttsts i)fj a 25 III grid pat tfJ~11 rh) numbe r- of malt motho captured gtl2S reeordec c regular LrrtsrvaLs
In one experim8~lt the attrac tivene ns of racemic d i apar-I ure was compared with that of (+) enarrti omar Ihe rssults of middotshi test are given in Table 1
Table I Number of moths captur-sd il trans middotcLti ted with varying amount s elf racemic and optically active Hsparlure
1 L
lCCJC
------------------__-----_ _--__------shy
II II These ltlata clearly reflect -gt0 superior attractancy of the (+) enarrt iore r
compared with that of racemic mate r i al Approximately 10 X more raoths were captured with 100 ug (+) disP8rlure than with an equal amount of racemic pheromone Unfor-tuna te Ly limited amounts of the enantiomers
II prohibited testing at dosages gTeater than 10C ug and therefore it is
II not known if greater dosages woull -Lead to repeLten t or inhibitory effects It should also be noted that the Jptically active material contained ca 66 of its an t i podo Hirhly puCified pbermiddot~Cwj~e would likely yield someshywhat different data Ih_u is the first rcpc--t of 3~ clear relationship beshytween dosage and r-e sponee wheIc n_creased ple romone concentration y-ields a corresponding increase in ruoth response
II In another test the inhLbi t ory properties ()f t1gt (-) s nant iomar- were quantified deti3rrninirlg tile at t ractivenes (~r var i cus ratios of (+) and (-) disparlure These lata a~e presented n Table I
bull Table II NWllber of riaLe mo trs captured in tIP -x1ited with various
t~r8rltiomer ra tios
bull ----- -~---_ I shy
ugtraJ ug -) per Average catch ( -I- ) -i- _----LQ_ llg ~~_ J2eL_tmiddotr~a=p _
9 jL o (I te 936 1 1 75 120
c99 _J j 3-68 63 I
bull J 00 ioo L+ 12 ~ ~I I ) 380 32
bull L159 59 ~ 08
As addi tiCmiddot] iJlCgt1EltS oi (-) middotnre tdded V_ ij CZS ccntaiuing 10 uij (+) a t tr-activene ss 22di~J jmiddotrc~8s-(~ dsmonc2at~E the Lnhib i tOIJ nature
Yn t he ( c-~ j bull_ 1 m n - v 11+ i (1 60L f th01 rllt~ - 11 ccuUCc JgO_Ll -l_~e au k bull t-_f- CO bullbull oa~ne I )0 0 v bull e
II bull ) - -- n -I- f- - ~ 1 s +--- +- bull - -- - f ( rl J l dOppOSle c_Dctl_bull )Eler hie e_ua ar tr-ac mvene so O~ + -LlSpar_Ure COU
Dot be ceteIlied ~~xt-aTJ)lation of the p]ttcCc data suggests that 9Cf~ (+) disp2rl1lle 1~Cl~_middot(J cap turv 15-~() t i mes a iafr ~ioths as TaGer-tic phero-shymane at tho 10 -cC -2vel
A rnore 6ta-iled -report i s cur-rentIy ceins- lYr-pT~P( JJ_C pub lication The manuacrLpt -middotimiddotL 1 c~ i ~11 uIsd ~ n tho nex t LacL8tcr_~ P~ IJort
Project Number GM 623 Project Title Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leader Charles P Schwalbe
There is no progress to report on this project A prototype apparatus is being assembled which will permit systematic evaluation of various collection substrates Recent papers report successful collection of airborn volatiles on Porapak Q and Molecular sieve If quantitative collection of disparlure from female moths is s11ccessful pheromone emission will be used as a standard for determining quality of insects mass reared under various conditions
I I I I I
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I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I
Project Number GM 626 Project Title Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leader Edward C Paszek
Tree Tanglefoot a natural product made from castor oil gum resins and vegetable wax was used as an adhesive for sJPSY moth traps for )6 years 1913-1969 It was replaced in 1970 with Tack Trap a synthetic plastic type adhesive (polyisobutylene) which was less costly and through field testing found to be more effective than Tree Tanglefoot in holding capshytured moths in a trap Tack Trap has gone up in price fr-om $0421b in 1970 to $130lb in 1976 A number of companies are marketing synthetic sticky compounds to protect trees from climbing insects and as bird reshypellants These compounds were compared with Tack Trap and Tree Tanglefoot to determine their effectiveness in holding ca~tured ~psy moths
8plusmn5 of the following six compounds were weighed and applied to approxishymately 286 cm2 of the interior surface area of Delta traps An aging study on 12 these open traps was conducted in the greenhouse at a tempshyerature range of 10degC to 32degC for 5) months (119-62376) A field bioassay was made on 71476 after 6 months of aging in a natural infestshyation followed by a laboratory bioassay 91676 after 8 months of aging
Table I Mean number of 6 Boths per trap after 1 hour field bioassay in heavy infestation 24 hour laboratory chamber bioassay with )00 released 6 moths
Field Laboratory
Tack Trap (new sample) 145 60 Bird Iang1efoot 120 90 Excelcide Bird Repellant 105 200 Tack Trap (old sample) t10 105 Stikem-Special Iree Tanglefoot
6S o r
14)1)
After 6 months of aging in open traps Tack Prap Bird Ianglefoot Excelshycide Bird Repellant and Stikem-Special held captur-ed native moths Tree Tanglefoot glazed over and was a poor adhesive When bioassayed Ln a laboratory chamber after 8 months oflging vri it released moths many moths entered and fLev out of the traps indcating that the adhe sive tend to dry out and stiffen after Long periods of aging
The remaining samples were stored folded flat on the shelf in a closed paper carton at room te~perature (approxi~ately 22C) B~th sets of traps were weighed after 6 weeks of aging (3176) to deterwiu8 weight loss of the adhesives due to voLat i Liza t i on of solvents
-ushy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
-32shy
bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II II II II
bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
-----
Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
- 34shy-
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
-35shy
II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
-shy
CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
I -v f)
I
10
bullbull C N
bull 0shy-It)---
C) ~
~ et
gtshy ~
-lt
l 1 o Li
u Clt bull z ~ l pH
V i) j
iJ2
~
1M
Ibull
0= I~U Z
I~~ 0 tx N U
Z ~
pound0 t
~ N ()
I~ I
+ J ~ J
a U Z
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-J
o a ~
Z
o o 0 o- 00 ~
031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
-49shy
I I
Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
I I
-50shy
I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
I I I I I I I
Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
I I I I
I II
I I
I I
Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
I
I
I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
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-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
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I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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-------------------shy 111
--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
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~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
bullbullbullbull II II
bull II II II II
bullbullbullbullbull
Project Number (~riI 6l5 Project Title Regulatory Treatments (Laboratory - Field) Report Period AfrE 1 1976 - September W 1976 Report TJpe Irl tertIa Project Leaders Winfred H McLane L Ii Herbaugh J A Einney
The lack of effective treatment methods fer recreational vehicles and mobile homes is a major dficipncy Ll the APHIS Gypsy Hath regulatory program Slt1xpcIimentcl laboratory and field tests are conducted to develop improved techniques for cP2ling iii tt thi s and other r811atory problems
On December 191175 a residue test I2S s tartlaquo Nt) 7 irs(~ctiGiles Tvo hundr-ed tar paper squares (6 x 6) each were treated with insectjcide using amp c 5 It aita1 soLut i on SevfTI insecticideswere tested with 1 set of tar paper used fUJ a check The papers were treated to the point of runshyoff Half of t he paper-s were aged oucdoor-s tacked under (4 x 8) sheets of masonite haI f were hs Ld inside the laboratory Norie were exposed to sunlight
Ten newly h~tchd sectYl)sy noth larvae were exposed to tar paper sheets at 10 day Lnte rval a iC)r the f i r s t lCO days of aging fo Llowing treatment This was achieve by pLacing +he paper in a cyl inrrricaL cardboard container wi th artificial di et lt J10rta1 ity readings were( made after 24 hours and L8 hours
Mortality Hr- JJarvae Exposed After Naterial Aged
Material ~___ to IvIaterial U)() Days 200 Das 260 Lays
DDT 50 vp Insil1Ff lGO 100 32 inside ~CJO 100 100
0Outside 100 jlt 20 UlI1sideuro- 100 100 100
Resmethrin Inside 24 28 (EC) Inside )-8 oP R4 I ~)
IJutfLfle 24 28 48 7)-
SBP-l Sl) 2L R(8C) Ll~middot
OJ 9C -I iOe
96
10 1f)C
bullbull II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
bullbull
I10rtality Hr La~Jae Exposed After Ha terial
laterial Aged to r1aterial 100 Days 200 Days 26C Daye
Phoxin Inside 24 100 98 100 (EC) IIlside 48 100 100 100
Outs i de 24 100 100 100 Outside La 100 100 100
Pyrenone Inside 2L+ 34 46 2 (EC) insLde 48 60 72 46
cdOutside --I~ 38 16 a Outside I+8 61~ +2 28
I1onitor Inside ~I lUO )eLf 78 (L
G~)(EC) 118 1)0 100 Outsids 2Li 66 46
ooOutside LiS i(JO z jLi
) I Check Inside - -t 5~middot 26 0 - j
Insid~ hB ~L gt+ 6 l)uttir~c 4 20 2 Cllt3ide- ~t~~ t ~ 1+0 6
Based on Laboratrrv rfsul tc lJresented in the IJst report a field test was started August 3 196 with Iop Job pine scent wax [ax remover Dimilin and fire ex t ingui shcr agent Ten egg masses are be ing treated each month from August 3 197C unt i I April 1 1977 Five masses are being covered wi th black building paper and S are being left exposed lhree dosages of each material are being usel along wi th a check
During April 1977 211 eggs will be col Lec ted and incubated in the labora-middot tory for hatch If hatch can hi pr2vented it may be possible to uae one or more of thlaquo materials as a treatment on tr_L18rs and RVs
To date 3 t reatments haveJeer made
On June 23 19761+ uate r i al s (Sevin (583 S8 [n-i~-il Orthene and Lrridan ) most generally used f Jr gypsy mot h control h~ sprayed -+0 the poi rrt of runshyoff on 110 acre plots us ing a back-pack mist~jL)1er Dosago s usee were same as rec()mmeIldw~ in ths APHIS recillatorJ rnanual
Every 3 day fo11ovrC9 tl(~atment rliage was c oll eo te d and Lioassaysd against 3ro instar Larvae 1fCt~middot~ 72 hour lrtality reading being mado After 9middot days treated foliag wal stiLl givirfL~_2[pound211eln mortalitx
q ~[ortality After Material L Days Ul Days lC s3[S _
Sevin 8)3
Sev-inmiddotmiddotL-Gil OrtbeEe Imidan Check 17
--
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II
bullbullbullbull
II
Project Number GM 616 Project Title Field Testing of Javenile Hormone Analogs for Ovicidal
Activity Report Period Anril 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Itterim Project Leaders Charles P Schwa2be A P Norris
The juvenile hormone analogs Al tozar lE and ZR-t19 SE have been reported as having ovicidal properties When gypsy moth 8fg nasses are deposited on recently treated surfaces hat chab iLi ty yf 8ggS is reduced ZR-619 also appears to inhibit female moths from layingjhriT full complement of eggs Compounds with these properties may be user1 fOT regulatory treatments
Boles of white and red oak trees -lere sprayed foe tho point of ruri-off with water emulsions of Altozar and ZR-619 at 8g1 Ireatsents were aged for 1 3 7 14 21 and 28 days before bioassay At tb~ end of each aging period S or more 3 day old mated female moths from f Le Ld collected pupae were imprisoned on each of S trees (total ()f 25 replicatestreatment) Ihere were 10 replicates (2 trees) for each control The female moths that deposited egg masses were recovered (generally after one day) placed in polyethylene bags and frOZet111D riI they could be dissected to determine the number of unl a i d eggs Egg masses wiI 1 be coJlscted from the treated and control surfaces during IlecembQr 1976 an~ tested for embryonation parasi tization and ha tchabiLt ty
Females from the 1 3 7 and 28 day exposure pe r i ous have been dissected and unlaid eggs counted The results are shovn by the accompanying tab Le Preliminarily it appears that with the excep ti on of the 1 day ZR-61) treatment there was no effect of treatment on the nurnbe r of eggs laid by female moths It is interesting to note that laboratoryreaTf3(J tno th s were useci for the 1 day ZR-6l9 trea tluent Dcotailed disCUSSJCiD 01 thesA data will be deferred until all ]~eSl--l ts OCl egg smbryona t i on parc~si_ t i zation and hatchability have been obtained
-26shy
-----------
middot-------_ bullbullbull _~ bullbull EGGS lJlI11AID EY FENALES EXPOSED TO TRUNKS pHEATED WITH ALTOZAR 4E lIJm ZRmiddot-619 SE
Q2Y2129ynd
Iiays Treatment
ampif_~i
Numbe-r of Used
_fre~ t Control
Females Recovered
Tle~t __CoDjl~_
Numbe-r Unlaid Eggs Total Average
1reaJ_Qonto L)~1Zs~J_-0ontro1
Al i008) ) E~
ZI -~ I~~ 19 ~I~~
I
J 36 c )
14 Ij(1
32 ~
1 f 1~Lr
13 123[3 7G34
380 1797
387 )36
271 138 ~)
A1 t ozar I
11-- S1 C] ~ --
3
3 L~O
50 16 T1-s 1shy
30 ~)8
If) 1 -Llt
1394 1519
619 - (1 I
J-~
L+65 5hJ
Lf 13 493
A1 t-IZ~lX )~r~
~~R-C ~L9 ~jE
i ~ r ~O
Igt ~ c
15 18
J- 39
11 1 I LL4
104)~ l1-rr
660 F3S5
J26 292
508 632
I ) -J
I
Al t 0 L~i C i~)
-~Ti lt(j1 r)
Altozar wE Z11-(19 SE
)Q
~
- ~)
- 1 j
LJ
25 27
3j
30
12 -
-ii
14 IS
2S ~) ~
25 2S
10 1U
11 J 2
805 sed
1059 1398
2L~6 r(0
JJSO 9
2 3)
Li24 5)9
25() 6
12~ 7 391
JfJrtttcry r~ared iEIalCs ant] m3Jl~ used aUJthers ere fr-om f iel d collected pupae
bullbull Project Number GM 622
bull Project Title Responses of ~Ble Gypsy Moths to Traps as AffecteC ~
the PeatE of Pheromone Release Report Period April I 1976 - Septe~ber 30 1976
bullbull
Report Type Errcer im Project Leaders Charles P Sch~Lb2 E C Paszek
Preliminary trapping experiments with disparlure indicated that attracti-veshyness is affected by the rJte at which the pheromone is released from the trap Large amount s of lure seemed 0 have an inhfb i torr or repellent effect ConfLrmatorv studies were planned in which multiples of Corrre Ic fibers would be used to bait standaTd delta traps in order to define the pheromone ls1ea8e rate at which maxinnna attradiveness 10 sul ted Such inshyformation would be 2xcPPdingly useful in pI(eparnf specifications for comshy
bull mercial production of progTam pheromone dispenpers Unfortunately certain difficulties vpre encYLmtered in developing a sound expemiddotrinental program and it was suggested that this work be carried out by scientists at the
bullPennsylvania Stat Uni ve r-si ty Freliminary date have been made available to us but we 8re unable to uti I izhen in this report
bullExperiments in tti- pr)j0ct aCil Cl conduc tcd in collaboration with the ARS Optically active enantiCnj2rs of cis-Jlrparhrre were generously made available by Dr NarU1n(j~ Nagoya Uruve r-s i vs Iagoya Japan The objective of the tests was to determine the attractiveness (or other biological
bull properties) of tIl optically active ~nantiomers of disparlure Similar experiments were conducted by scientists from Nlchigan State University and the New York and C~~1nectiut State Agricultural Experimerct Stations
bullbullThese tests weI c onduc tcd in a natural infestation in FaTl River State Porest ILl lraps gtJere baited wit[ cc t t on dentJ wicks to which had been applied the indicated amcunt s of ( ) and-) (-) disparlure Delta traps were used in all ttsts i)fj a 25 III grid pat tfJ~11 rh) numbe r- of malt motho captured gtl2S reeordec c regular LrrtsrvaLs
In one experim8~lt the attrac tivene ns of racemic d i apar-I ure was compared with that of (+) enarrti omar Ihe rssults of middotshi test are given in Table 1
Table I Number of moths captur-sd il trans middotcLti ted with varying amount s elf racemic and optically active Hsparlure
1 L
lCCJC
------------------__-----_ _--__------shy
II II These ltlata clearly reflect -gt0 superior attractancy of the (+) enarrt iore r
compared with that of racemic mate r i al Approximately 10 X more raoths were captured with 100 ug (+) disP8rlure than with an equal amount of racemic pheromone Unfor-tuna te Ly limited amounts of the enantiomers
II prohibited testing at dosages gTeater than 10C ug and therefore it is
II not known if greater dosages woull -Lead to repeLten t or inhibitory effects It should also be noted that the Jptically active material contained ca 66 of its an t i podo Hirhly puCified pbermiddot~Cwj~e would likely yield someshywhat different data Ih_u is the first rcpc--t of 3~ clear relationship beshytween dosage and r-e sponee wheIc n_creased ple romone concentration y-ields a corresponding increase in ruoth response
II In another test the inhLbi t ory properties ()f t1gt (-) s nant iomar- were quantified deti3rrninirlg tile at t ractivenes (~r var i cus ratios of (+) and (-) disparlure These lata a~e presented n Table I
bull Table II NWllber of riaLe mo trs captured in tIP -x1ited with various
t~r8rltiomer ra tios
bull ----- -~---_ I shy
ugtraJ ug -) per Average catch ( -I- ) -i- _----LQ_ llg ~~_ J2eL_tmiddotr~a=p _
9 jL o (I te 936 1 1 75 120
c99 _J j 3-68 63 I
bull J 00 ioo L+ 12 ~ ~I I ) 380 32
bull L159 59 ~ 08
As addi tiCmiddot] iJlCgt1EltS oi (-) middotnre tdded V_ ij CZS ccntaiuing 10 uij (+) a t tr-activene ss 22di~J jmiddotrc~8s-(~ dsmonc2at~E the Lnhib i tOIJ nature
Yn t he ( c-~ j bull_ 1 m n - v 11+ i (1 60L f th01 rllt~ - 11 ccuUCc JgO_Ll -l_~e au k bull t-_f- CO bullbull oa~ne I )0 0 v bull e
II bull ) - -- n -I- f- - ~ 1 s +--- +- bull - -- - f ( rl J l dOppOSle c_Dctl_bull )Eler hie e_ua ar tr-ac mvene so O~ + -LlSpar_Ure COU
Dot be ceteIlied ~~xt-aTJ)lation of the p]ttcCc data suggests that 9Cf~ (+) disp2rl1lle 1~Cl~_middot(J cap turv 15-~() t i mes a iafr ~ioths as TaGer-tic phero-shymane at tho 10 -cC -2vel
A rnore 6ta-iled -report i s cur-rentIy ceins- lYr-pT~P( JJ_C pub lication The manuacrLpt -middotimiddotL 1 c~ i ~11 uIsd ~ n tho nex t LacL8tcr_~ P~ IJort
Project Number GM 623 Project Title Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leader Charles P Schwalbe
There is no progress to report on this project A prototype apparatus is being assembled which will permit systematic evaluation of various collection substrates Recent papers report successful collection of airborn volatiles on Porapak Q and Molecular sieve If quantitative collection of disparlure from female moths is s11ccessful pheromone emission will be used as a standard for determining quality of insects mass reared under various conditions
I I I I I
-30shy
I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I
Project Number GM 626 Project Title Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leader Edward C Paszek
Tree Tanglefoot a natural product made from castor oil gum resins and vegetable wax was used as an adhesive for sJPSY moth traps for )6 years 1913-1969 It was replaced in 1970 with Tack Trap a synthetic plastic type adhesive (polyisobutylene) which was less costly and through field testing found to be more effective than Tree Tanglefoot in holding capshytured moths in a trap Tack Trap has gone up in price fr-om $0421b in 1970 to $130lb in 1976 A number of companies are marketing synthetic sticky compounds to protect trees from climbing insects and as bird reshypellants These compounds were compared with Tack Trap and Tree Tanglefoot to determine their effectiveness in holding ca~tured ~psy moths
8plusmn5 of the following six compounds were weighed and applied to approxishymately 286 cm2 of the interior surface area of Delta traps An aging study on 12 these open traps was conducted in the greenhouse at a tempshyerature range of 10degC to 32degC for 5) months (119-62376) A field bioassay was made on 71476 after 6 months of aging in a natural infestshyation followed by a laboratory bioassay 91676 after 8 months of aging
Table I Mean number of 6 Boths per trap after 1 hour field bioassay in heavy infestation 24 hour laboratory chamber bioassay with )00 released 6 moths
Field Laboratory
Tack Trap (new sample) 145 60 Bird Iang1efoot 120 90 Excelcide Bird Repellant 105 200 Tack Trap (old sample) t10 105 Stikem-Special Iree Tanglefoot
6S o r
14)1)
After 6 months of aging in open traps Tack Prap Bird Ianglefoot Excelshycide Bird Repellant and Stikem-Special held captur-ed native moths Tree Tanglefoot glazed over and was a poor adhesive When bioassayed Ln a laboratory chamber after 8 months oflging vri it released moths many moths entered and fLev out of the traps indcating that the adhe sive tend to dry out and stiffen after Long periods of aging
The remaining samples were stored folded flat on the shelf in a closed paper carton at room te~perature (approxi~ately 22C) B~th sets of traps were weighed after 6 weeks of aging (3176) to deterwiu8 weight loss of the adhesives due to voLat i Liza t i on of solvents
-ushy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
-32shy
bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II II II II
bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
-----
Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
- 34shy-
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
-35shy
II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
-shy
CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
I -v f)
I
10
bullbull C N
bull 0shy-It)---
C) ~
~ et
gtshy ~
-lt
l 1 o Li
u Clt bull z ~ l pH
V i) j
iJ2
~
1M
Ibull
0= I~U Z
I~~ 0 tx N U
Z ~
pound0 t
~ N ()
I~ I
+ J ~ J
a U Z
-Ro o
-J
o a ~
Z
o o 0 o- 00 ~
031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
-49shy
I I
Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
I I
-50shy
I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
I I I I I I I
Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
I I I I
I II
I I
I I
Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
I
I
I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
I
I I I I I I I
-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
I
I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
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AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
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~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
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- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
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bullbull II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
bullbull
I10rtality Hr La~Jae Exposed After Ha terial
laterial Aged to r1aterial 100 Days 200 Days 26C Daye
Phoxin Inside 24 100 98 100 (EC) IIlside 48 100 100 100
Outs i de 24 100 100 100 Outside La 100 100 100
Pyrenone Inside 2L+ 34 46 2 (EC) insLde 48 60 72 46
cdOutside --I~ 38 16 a Outside I+8 61~ +2 28
I1onitor Inside ~I lUO )eLf 78 (L
G~)(EC) 118 1)0 100 Outsids 2Li 66 46
ooOutside LiS i(JO z jLi
) I Check Inside - -t 5~middot 26 0 - j
Insid~ hB ~L gt+ 6 l)uttir~c 4 20 2 Cllt3ide- ~t~~ t ~ 1+0 6
Based on Laboratrrv rfsul tc lJresented in the IJst report a field test was started August 3 196 with Iop Job pine scent wax [ax remover Dimilin and fire ex t ingui shcr agent Ten egg masses are be ing treated each month from August 3 197C unt i I April 1 1977 Five masses are being covered wi th black building paper and S are being left exposed lhree dosages of each material are being usel along wi th a check
During April 1977 211 eggs will be col Lec ted and incubated in the labora-middot tory for hatch If hatch can hi pr2vented it may be possible to uae one or more of thlaquo materials as a treatment on tr_L18rs and RVs
To date 3 t reatments haveJeer made
On June 23 19761+ uate r i al s (Sevin (583 S8 [n-i~-il Orthene and Lrridan ) most generally used f Jr gypsy mot h control h~ sprayed -+0 the poi rrt of runshyoff on 110 acre plots us ing a back-pack mist~jL)1er Dosago s usee were same as rec()mmeIldw~ in ths APHIS recillatorJ rnanual
Every 3 day fo11ovrC9 tl(~atment rliage was c oll eo te d and Lioassaysd against 3ro instar Larvae 1fCt~middot~ 72 hour lrtality reading being mado After 9middot days treated foliag wal stiLl givirfL~_2[pound211eln mortalitx
q ~[ortality After Material L Days Ul Days lC s3[S _
Sevin 8)3
Sev-inmiddotmiddotL-Gil OrtbeEe Imidan Check 17
--
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II
bullbullbullbull
II
Project Number GM 616 Project Title Field Testing of Javenile Hormone Analogs for Ovicidal
Activity Report Period Anril 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Itterim Project Leaders Charles P Schwa2be A P Norris
The juvenile hormone analogs Al tozar lE and ZR-t19 SE have been reported as having ovicidal properties When gypsy moth 8fg nasses are deposited on recently treated surfaces hat chab iLi ty yf 8ggS is reduced ZR-619 also appears to inhibit female moths from layingjhriT full complement of eggs Compounds with these properties may be user1 fOT regulatory treatments
Boles of white and red oak trees -lere sprayed foe tho point of ruri-off with water emulsions of Altozar and ZR-619 at 8g1 Ireatsents were aged for 1 3 7 14 21 and 28 days before bioassay At tb~ end of each aging period S or more 3 day old mated female moths from f Le Ld collected pupae were imprisoned on each of S trees (total ()f 25 replicatestreatment) Ihere were 10 replicates (2 trees) for each control The female moths that deposited egg masses were recovered (generally after one day) placed in polyethylene bags and frOZet111D riI they could be dissected to determine the number of unl a i d eggs Egg masses wiI 1 be coJlscted from the treated and control surfaces during IlecembQr 1976 an~ tested for embryonation parasi tization and ha tchabiLt ty
Females from the 1 3 7 and 28 day exposure pe r i ous have been dissected and unlaid eggs counted The results are shovn by the accompanying tab Le Preliminarily it appears that with the excep ti on of the 1 day ZR-61) treatment there was no effect of treatment on the nurnbe r of eggs laid by female moths It is interesting to note that laboratoryreaTf3(J tno th s were useci for the 1 day ZR-6l9 trea tluent Dcotailed disCUSSJCiD 01 thesA data will be deferred until all ]~eSl--l ts OCl egg smbryona t i on parc~si_ t i zation and hatchability have been obtained
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middot-------_ bullbullbull _~ bullbull EGGS lJlI11AID EY FENALES EXPOSED TO TRUNKS pHEATED WITH ALTOZAR 4E lIJm ZRmiddot-619 SE
Q2Y2129ynd
Iiays Treatment
ampif_~i
Numbe-r of Used
_fre~ t Control
Females Recovered
Tle~t __CoDjl~_
Numbe-r Unlaid Eggs Total Average
1reaJ_Qonto L)~1Zs~J_-0ontro1
Al i008) ) E~
ZI -~ I~~ 19 ~I~~
I
J 36 c )
14 Ij(1
32 ~
1 f 1~Lr
13 123[3 7G34
380 1797
387 )36
271 138 ~)
A1 t ozar I
11-- S1 C] ~ --
3
3 L~O
50 16 T1-s 1shy
30 ~)8
If) 1 -Llt
1394 1519
619 - (1 I
J-~
L+65 5hJ
Lf 13 493
A1 t-IZ~lX )~r~
~~R-C ~L9 ~jE
i ~ r ~O
Igt ~ c
15 18
J- 39
11 1 I LL4
104)~ l1-rr
660 F3S5
J26 292
508 632
I ) -J
I
Al t 0 L~i C i~)
-~Ti lt(j1 r)
Altozar wE Z11-(19 SE
)Q
~
- ~)
- 1 j
LJ
25 27
3j
30
12 -
-ii
14 IS
2S ~) ~
25 2S
10 1U
11 J 2
805 sed
1059 1398
2L~6 r(0
JJSO 9
2 3)
Li24 5)9
25() 6
12~ 7 391
JfJrtttcry r~ared iEIalCs ant] m3Jl~ used aUJthers ere fr-om f iel d collected pupae
bullbull Project Number GM 622
bull Project Title Responses of ~Ble Gypsy Moths to Traps as AffecteC ~
the PeatE of Pheromone Release Report Period April I 1976 - Septe~ber 30 1976
bullbull
Report Type Errcer im Project Leaders Charles P Sch~Lb2 E C Paszek
Preliminary trapping experiments with disparlure indicated that attracti-veshyness is affected by the rJte at which the pheromone is released from the trap Large amount s of lure seemed 0 have an inhfb i torr or repellent effect ConfLrmatorv studies were planned in which multiples of Corrre Ic fibers would be used to bait standaTd delta traps in order to define the pheromone ls1ea8e rate at which maxinnna attradiveness 10 sul ted Such inshyformation would be 2xcPPdingly useful in pI(eparnf specifications for comshy
bull mercial production of progTam pheromone dispenpers Unfortunately certain difficulties vpre encYLmtered in developing a sound expemiddotrinental program and it was suggested that this work be carried out by scientists at the
bullPennsylvania Stat Uni ve r-si ty Freliminary date have been made available to us but we 8re unable to uti I izhen in this report
bullExperiments in tti- pr)j0ct aCil Cl conduc tcd in collaboration with the ARS Optically active enantiCnj2rs of cis-Jlrparhrre were generously made available by Dr NarU1n(j~ Nagoya Uruve r-s i vs Iagoya Japan The objective of the tests was to determine the attractiveness (or other biological
bull properties) of tIl optically active ~nantiomers of disparlure Similar experiments were conducted by scientists from Nlchigan State University and the New York and C~~1nectiut State Agricultural Experimerct Stations
bullbullThese tests weI c onduc tcd in a natural infestation in FaTl River State Porest ILl lraps gtJere baited wit[ cc t t on dentJ wicks to which had been applied the indicated amcunt s of ( ) and-) (-) disparlure Delta traps were used in all ttsts i)fj a 25 III grid pat tfJ~11 rh) numbe r- of malt motho captured gtl2S reeordec c regular LrrtsrvaLs
In one experim8~lt the attrac tivene ns of racemic d i apar-I ure was compared with that of (+) enarrti omar Ihe rssults of middotshi test are given in Table 1
Table I Number of moths captur-sd il trans middotcLti ted with varying amount s elf racemic and optically active Hsparlure
1 L
lCCJC
------------------__-----_ _--__------shy
II II These ltlata clearly reflect -gt0 superior attractancy of the (+) enarrt iore r
compared with that of racemic mate r i al Approximately 10 X more raoths were captured with 100 ug (+) disP8rlure than with an equal amount of racemic pheromone Unfor-tuna te Ly limited amounts of the enantiomers
II prohibited testing at dosages gTeater than 10C ug and therefore it is
II not known if greater dosages woull -Lead to repeLten t or inhibitory effects It should also be noted that the Jptically active material contained ca 66 of its an t i podo Hirhly puCified pbermiddot~Cwj~e would likely yield someshywhat different data Ih_u is the first rcpc--t of 3~ clear relationship beshytween dosage and r-e sponee wheIc n_creased ple romone concentration y-ields a corresponding increase in ruoth response
II In another test the inhLbi t ory properties ()f t1gt (-) s nant iomar- were quantified deti3rrninirlg tile at t ractivenes (~r var i cus ratios of (+) and (-) disparlure These lata a~e presented n Table I
bull Table II NWllber of riaLe mo trs captured in tIP -x1ited with various
t~r8rltiomer ra tios
bull ----- -~---_ I shy
ugtraJ ug -) per Average catch ( -I- ) -i- _----LQ_ llg ~~_ J2eL_tmiddotr~a=p _
9 jL o (I te 936 1 1 75 120
c99 _J j 3-68 63 I
bull J 00 ioo L+ 12 ~ ~I I ) 380 32
bull L159 59 ~ 08
As addi tiCmiddot] iJlCgt1EltS oi (-) middotnre tdded V_ ij CZS ccntaiuing 10 uij (+) a t tr-activene ss 22di~J jmiddotrc~8s-(~ dsmonc2at~E the Lnhib i tOIJ nature
Yn t he ( c-~ j bull_ 1 m n - v 11+ i (1 60L f th01 rllt~ - 11 ccuUCc JgO_Ll -l_~e au k bull t-_f- CO bullbull oa~ne I )0 0 v bull e
II bull ) - -- n -I- f- - ~ 1 s +--- +- bull - -- - f ( rl J l dOppOSle c_Dctl_bull )Eler hie e_ua ar tr-ac mvene so O~ + -LlSpar_Ure COU
Dot be ceteIlied ~~xt-aTJ)lation of the p]ttcCc data suggests that 9Cf~ (+) disp2rl1lle 1~Cl~_middot(J cap turv 15-~() t i mes a iafr ~ioths as TaGer-tic phero-shymane at tho 10 -cC -2vel
A rnore 6ta-iled -report i s cur-rentIy ceins- lYr-pT~P( JJ_C pub lication The manuacrLpt -middotimiddotL 1 c~ i ~11 uIsd ~ n tho nex t LacL8tcr_~ P~ IJort
Project Number GM 623 Project Title Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leader Charles P Schwalbe
There is no progress to report on this project A prototype apparatus is being assembled which will permit systematic evaluation of various collection substrates Recent papers report successful collection of airborn volatiles on Porapak Q and Molecular sieve If quantitative collection of disparlure from female moths is s11ccessful pheromone emission will be used as a standard for determining quality of insects mass reared under various conditions
I I I I I
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I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I
Project Number GM 626 Project Title Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leader Edward C Paszek
Tree Tanglefoot a natural product made from castor oil gum resins and vegetable wax was used as an adhesive for sJPSY moth traps for )6 years 1913-1969 It was replaced in 1970 with Tack Trap a synthetic plastic type adhesive (polyisobutylene) which was less costly and through field testing found to be more effective than Tree Tanglefoot in holding capshytured moths in a trap Tack Trap has gone up in price fr-om $0421b in 1970 to $130lb in 1976 A number of companies are marketing synthetic sticky compounds to protect trees from climbing insects and as bird reshypellants These compounds were compared with Tack Trap and Tree Tanglefoot to determine their effectiveness in holding ca~tured ~psy moths
8plusmn5 of the following six compounds were weighed and applied to approxishymately 286 cm2 of the interior surface area of Delta traps An aging study on 12 these open traps was conducted in the greenhouse at a tempshyerature range of 10degC to 32degC for 5) months (119-62376) A field bioassay was made on 71476 after 6 months of aging in a natural infestshyation followed by a laboratory bioassay 91676 after 8 months of aging
Table I Mean number of 6 Boths per trap after 1 hour field bioassay in heavy infestation 24 hour laboratory chamber bioassay with )00 released 6 moths
Field Laboratory
Tack Trap (new sample) 145 60 Bird Iang1efoot 120 90 Excelcide Bird Repellant 105 200 Tack Trap (old sample) t10 105 Stikem-Special Iree Tanglefoot
6S o r
14)1)
After 6 months of aging in open traps Tack Prap Bird Ianglefoot Excelshycide Bird Repellant and Stikem-Special held captur-ed native moths Tree Tanglefoot glazed over and was a poor adhesive When bioassayed Ln a laboratory chamber after 8 months oflging vri it released moths many moths entered and fLev out of the traps indcating that the adhe sive tend to dry out and stiffen after Long periods of aging
The remaining samples were stored folded flat on the shelf in a closed paper carton at room te~perature (approxi~ately 22C) B~th sets of traps were weighed after 6 weeks of aging (3176) to deterwiu8 weight loss of the adhesives due to voLat i Liza t i on of solvents
-ushy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
-32shy
bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II II II II
bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
-----
Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
- 34shy-
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
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II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
-shy
CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
I -v f)
I
10
bullbull C N
bull 0shy-It)---
C) ~
~ et
gtshy ~
-lt
l 1 o Li
u Clt bull z ~ l pH
V i) j
iJ2
~
1M
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0= I~U Z
I~~ 0 tx N U
Z ~
pound0 t
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Z
o o 0 o- 00 ~
031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
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Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
I I
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I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
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Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
I I I I
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Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
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I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
I
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-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
I
I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
I
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
II I I I
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I
Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
I
Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
bull I I
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
I I I
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I -62shy
tests is being done can begin as soon as
I
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
I
I I
-65shy
I
Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
I
I
I
I
I llEPEL-
I TIES
I
I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
I I
I
I
I
I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
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I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
--
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II
bullbullbullbull
II
Project Number GM 616 Project Title Field Testing of Javenile Hormone Analogs for Ovicidal
Activity Report Period Anril 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Itterim Project Leaders Charles P Schwa2be A P Norris
The juvenile hormone analogs Al tozar lE and ZR-t19 SE have been reported as having ovicidal properties When gypsy moth 8fg nasses are deposited on recently treated surfaces hat chab iLi ty yf 8ggS is reduced ZR-619 also appears to inhibit female moths from layingjhriT full complement of eggs Compounds with these properties may be user1 fOT regulatory treatments
Boles of white and red oak trees -lere sprayed foe tho point of ruri-off with water emulsions of Altozar and ZR-619 at 8g1 Ireatsents were aged for 1 3 7 14 21 and 28 days before bioassay At tb~ end of each aging period S or more 3 day old mated female moths from f Le Ld collected pupae were imprisoned on each of S trees (total ()f 25 replicatestreatment) Ihere were 10 replicates (2 trees) for each control The female moths that deposited egg masses were recovered (generally after one day) placed in polyethylene bags and frOZet111D riI they could be dissected to determine the number of unl a i d eggs Egg masses wiI 1 be coJlscted from the treated and control surfaces during IlecembQr 1976 an~ tested for embryonation parasi tization and ha tchabiLt ty
Females from the 1 3 7 and 28 day exposure pe r i ous have been dissected and unlaid eggs counted The results are shovn by the accompanying tab Le Preliminarily it appears that with the excep ti on of the 1 day ZR-61) treatment there was no effect of treatment on the nurnbe r of eggs laid by female moths It is interesting to note that laboratoryreaTf3(J tno th s were useci for the 1 day ZR-6l9 trea tluent Dcotailed disCUSSJCiD 01 thesA data will be deferred until all ]~eSl--l ts OCl egg smbryona t i on parc~si_ t i zation and hatchability have been obtained
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-----------
middot-------_ bullbullbull _~ bullbull EGGS lJlI11AID EY FENALES EXPOSED TO TRUNKS pHEATED WITH ALTOZAR 4E lIJm ZRmiddot-619 SE
Q2Y2129ynd
Iiays Treatment
ampif_~i
Numbe-r of Used
_fre~ t Control
Females Recovered
Tle~t __CoDjl~_
Numbe-r Unlaid Eggs Total Average
1reaJ_Qonto L)~1Zs~J_-0ontro1
Al i008) ) E~
ZI -~ I~~ 19 ~I~~
I
J 36 c )
14 Ij(1
32 ~
1 f 1~Lr
13 123[3 7G34
380 1797
387 )36
271 138 ~)
A1 t ozar I
11-- S1 C] ~ --
3
3 L~O
50 16 T1-s 1shy
30 ~)8
If) 1 -Llt
1394 1519
619 - (1 I
J-~
L+65 5hJ
Lf 13 493
A1 t-IZ~lX )~r~
~~R-C ~L9 ~jE
i ~ r ~O
Igt ~ c
15 18
J- 39
11 1 I LL4
104)~ l1-rr
660 F3S5
J26 292
508 632
I ) -J
I
Al t 0 L~i C i~)
-~Ti lt(j1 r)
Altozar wE Z11-(19 SE
)Q
~
- ~)
- 1 j
LJ
25 27
3j
30
12 -
-ii
14 IS
2S ~) ~
25 2S
10 1U
11 J 2
805 sed
1059 1398
2L~6 r(0
JJSO 9
2 3)
Li24 5)9
25() 6
12~ 7 391
JfJrtttcry r~ared iEIalCs ant] m3Jl~ used aUJthers ere fr-om f iel d collected pupae
bullbull Project Number GM 622
bull Project Title Responses of ~Ble Gypsy Moths to Traps as AffecteC ~
the PeatE of Pheromone Release Report Period April I 1976 - Septe~ber 30 1976
bullbull
Report Type Errcer im Project Leaders Charles P Sch~Lb2 E C Paszek
Preliminary trapping experiments with disparlure indicated that attracti-veshyness is affected by the rJte at which the pheromone is released from the trap Large amount s of lure seemed 0 have an inhfb i torr or repellent effect ConfLrmatorv studies were planned in which multiples of Corrre Ic fibers would be used to bait standaTd delta traps in order to define the pheromone ls1ea8e rate at which maxinnna attradiveness 10 sul ted Such inshyformation would be 2xcPPdingly useful in pI(eparnf specifications for comshy
bull mercial production of progTam pheromone dispenpers Unfortunately certain difficulties vpre encYLmtered in developing a sound expemiddotrinental program and it was suggested that this work be carried out by scientists at the
bullPennsylvania Stat Uni ve r-si ty Freliminary date have been made available to us but we 8re unable to uti I izhen in this report
bullExperiments in tti- pr)j0ct aCil Cl conduc tcd in collaboration with the ARS Optically active enantiCnj2rs of cis-Jlrparhrre were generously made available by Dr NarU1n(j~ Nagoya Uruve r-s i vs Iagoya Japan The objective of the tests was to determine the attractiveness (or other biological
bull properties) of tIl optically active ~nantiomers of disparlure Similar experiments were conducted by scientists from Nlchigan State University and the New York and C~~1nectiut State Agricultural Experimerct Stations
bullbullThese tests weI c onduc tcd in a natural infestation in FaTl River State Porest ILl lraps gtJere baited wit[ cc t t on dentJ wicks to which had been applied the indicated amcunt s of ( ) and-) (-) disparlure Delta traps were used in all ttsts i)fj a 25 III grid pat tfJ~11 rh) numbe r- of malt motho captured gtl2S reeordec c regular LrrtsrvaLs
In one experim8~lt the attrac tivene ns of racemic d i apar-I ure was compared with that of (+) enarrti omar Ihe rssults of middotshi test are given in Table 1
Table I Number of moths captur-sd il trans middotcLti ted with varying amount s elf racemic and optically active Hsparlure
1 L
lCCJC
------------------__-----_ _--__------shy
II II These ltlata clearly reflect -gt0 superior attractancy of the (+) enarrt iore r
compared with that of racemic mate r i al Approximately 10 X more raoths were captured with 100 ug (+) disP8rlure than with an equal amount of racemic pheromone Unfor-tuna te Ly limited amounts of the enantiomers
II prohibited testing at dosages gTeater than 10C ug and therefore it is
II not known if greater dosages woull -Lead to repeLten t or inhibitory effects It should also be noted that the Jptically active material contained ca 66 of its an t i podo Hirhly puCified pbermiddot~Cwj~e would likely yield someshywhat different data Ih_u is the first rcpc--t of 3~ clear relationship beshytween dosage and r-e sponee wheIc n_creased ple romone concentration y-ields a corresponding increase in ruoth response
II In another test the inhLbi t ory properties ()f t1gt (-) s nant iomar- were quantified deti3rrninirlg tile at t ractivenes (~r var i cus ratios of (+) and (-) disparlure These lata a~e presented n Table I
bull Table II NWllber of riaLe mo trs captured in tIP -x1ited with various
t~r8rltiomer ra tios
bull ----- -~---_ I shy
ugtraJ ug -) per Average catch ( -I- ) -i- _----LQ_ llg ~~_ J2eL_tmiddotr~a=p _
9 jL o (I te 936 1 1 75 120
c99 _J j 3-68 63 I
bull J 00 ioo L+ 12 ~ ~I I ) 380 32
bull L159 59 ~ 08
As addi tiCmiddot] iJlCgt1EltS oi (-) middotnre tdded V_ ij CZS ccntaiuing 10 uij (+) a t tr-activene ss 22di~J jmiddotrc~8s-(~ dsmonc2at~E the Lnhib i tOIJ nature
Yn t he ( c-~ j bull_ 1 m n - v 11+ i (1 60L f th01 rllt~ - 11 ccuUCc JgO_Ll -l_~e au k bull t-_f- CO bullbull oa~ne I )0 0 v bull e
II bull ) - -- n -I- f- - ~ 1 s +--- +- bull - -- - f ( rl J l dOppOSle c_Dctl_bull )Eler hie e_ua ar tr-ac mvene so O~ + -LlSpar_Ure COU
Dot be ceteIlied ~~xt-aTJ)lation of the p]ttcCc data suggests that 9Cf~ (+) disp2rl1lle 1~Cl~_middot(J cap turv 15-~() t i mes a iafr ~ioths as TaGer-tic phero-shymane at tho 10 -cC -2vel
A rnore 6ta-iled -report i s cur-rentIy ceins- lYr-pT~P( JJ_C pub lication The manuacrLpt -middotimiddotL 1 c~ i ~11 uIsd ~ n tho nex t LacL8tcr_~ P~ IJort
Project Number GM 623 Project Title Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leader Charles P Schwalbe
There is no progress to report on this project A prototype apparatus is being assembled which will permit systematic evaluation of various collection substrates Recent papers report successful collection of airborn volatiles on Porapak Q and Molecular sieve If quantitative collection of disparlure from female moths is s11ccessful pheromone emission will be used as a standard for determining quality of insects mass reared under various conditions
I I I I I
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I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I
Project Number GM 626 Project Title Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leader Edward C Paszek
Tree Tanglefoot a natural product made from castor oil gum resins and vegetable wax was used as an adhesive for sJPSY moth traps for )6 years 1913-1969 It was replaced in 1970 with Tack Trap a synthetic plastic type adhesive (polyisobutylene) which was less costly and through field testing found to be more effective than Tree Tanglefoot in holding capshytured moths in a trap Tack Trap has gone up in price fr-om $0421b in 1970 to $130lb in 1976 A number of companies are marketing synthetic sticky compounds to protect trees from climbing insects and as bird reshypellants These compounds were compared with Tack Trap and Tree Tanglefoot to determine their effectiveness in holding ca~tured ~psy moths
8plusmn5 of the following six compounds were weighed and applied to approxishymately 286 cm2 of the interior surface area of Delta traps An aging study on 12 these open traps was conducted in the greenhouse at a tempshyerature range of 10degC to 32degC for 5) months (119-62376) A field bioassay was made on 71476 after 6 months of aging in a natural infestshyation followed by a laboratory bioassay 91676 after 8 months of aging
Table I Mean number of 6 Boths per trap after 1 hour field bioassay in heavy infestation 24 hour laboratory chamber bioassay with )00 released 6 moths
Field Laboratory
Tack Trap (new sample) 145 60 Bird Iang1efoot 120 90 Excelcide Bird Repellant 105 200 Tack Trap (old sample) t10 105 Stikem-Special Iree Tanglefoot
6S o r
14)1)
After 6 months of aging in open traps Tack Prap Bird Ianglefoot Excelshycide Bird Repellant and Stikem-Special held captur-ed native moths Tree Tanglefoot glazed over and was a poor adhesive When bioassayed Ln a laboratory chamber after 8 months oflging vri it released moths many moths entered and fLev out of the traps indcating that the adhe sive tend to dry out and stiffen after Long periods of aging
The remaining samples were stored folded flat on the shelf in a closed paper carton at room te~perature (approxi~ately 22C) B~th sets of traps were weighed after 6 weeks of aging (3176) to deterwiu8 weight loss of the adhesives due to voLat i Liza t i on of solvents
-ushy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
-32shy
bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II II II II
bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
-----
Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
- 34shy-
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
-35shy
II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
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100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
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_ 1976 2 NCR
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0
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20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
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I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
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Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
-49shy
I I
Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
I I
-50shy
I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
I I I I I I I
Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
I I I I
I II
I I
I I
Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
I
I
I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
I
I I I I I I I
-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
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and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
-59shy
bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
-60shy
-------------------shy 111
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Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
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AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
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I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
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- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
-----------
middot-------_ bullbullbull _~ bullbull EGGS lJlI11AID EY FENALES EXPOSED TO TRUNKS pHEATED WITH ALTOZAR 4E lIJm ZRmiddot-619 SE
Q2Y2129ynd
Iiays Treatment
ampif_~i
Numbe-r of Used
_fre~ t Control
Females Recovered
Tle~t __CoDjl~_
Numbe-r Unlaid Eggs Total Average
1reaJ_Qonto L)~1Zs~J_-0ontro1
Al i008) ) E~
ZI -~ I~~ 19 ~I~~
I
J 36 c )
14 Ij(1
32 ~
1 f 1~Lr
13 123[3 7G34
380 1797
387 )36
271 138 ~)
A1 t ozar I
11-- S1 C] ~ --
3
3 L~O
50 16 T1-s 1shy
30 ~)8
If) 1 -Llt
1394 1519
619 - (1 I
J-~
L+65 5hJ
Lf 13 493
A1 t-IZ~lX )~r~
~~R-C ~L9 ~jE
i ~ r ~O
Igt ~ c
15 18
J- 39
11 1 I LL4
104)~ l1-rr
660 F3S5
J26 292
508 632
I ) -J
I
Al t 0 L~i C i~)
-~Ti lt(j1 r)
Altozar wE Z11-(19 SE
)Q
~
- ~)
- 1 j
LJ
25 27
3j
30
12 -
-ii
14 IS
2S ~) ~
25 2S
10 1U
11 J 2
805 sed
1059 1398
2L~6 r(0
JJSO 9
2 3)
Li24 5)9
25() 6
12~ 7 391
JfJrtttcry r~ared iEIalCs ant] m3Jl~ used aUJthers ere fr-om f iel d collected pupae
bullbull Project Number GM 622
bull Project Title Responses of ~Ble Gypsy Moths to Traps as AffecteC ~
the PeatE of Pheromone Release Report Period April I 1976 - Septe~ber 30 1976
bullbull
Report Type Errcer im Project Leaders Charles P Sch~Lb2 E C Paszek
Preliminary trapping experiments with disparlure indicated that attracti-veshyness is affected by the rJte at which the pheromone is released from the trap Large amount s of lure seemed 0 have an inhfb i torr or repellent effect ConfLrmatorv studies were planned in which multiples of Corrre Ic fibers would be used to bait standaTd delta traps in order to define the pheromone ls1ea8e rate at which maxinnna attradiveness 10 sul ted Such inshyformation would be 2xcPPdingly useful in pI(eparnf specifications for comshy
bull mercial production of progTam pheromone dispenpers Unfortunately certain difficulties vpre encYLmtered in developing a sound expemiddotrinental program and it was suggested that this work be carried out by scientists at the
bullPennsylvania Stat Uni ve r-si ty Freliminary date have been made available to us but we 8re unable to uti I izhen in this report
bullExperiments in tti- pr)j0ct aCil Cl conduc tcd in collaboration with the ARS Optically active enantiCnj2rs of cis-Jlrparhrre were generously made available by Dr NarU1n(j~ Nagoya Uruve r-s i vs Iagoya Japan The objective of the tests was to determine the attractiveness (or other biological
bull properties) of tIl optically active ~nantiomers of disparlure Similar experiments were conducted by scientists from Nlchigan State University and the New York and C~~1nectiut State Agricultural Experimerct Stations
bullbullThese tests weI c onduc tcd in a natural infestation in FaTl River State Porest ILl lraps gtJere baited wit[ cc t t on dentJ wicks to which had been applied the indicated amcunt s of ( ) and-) (-) disparlure Delta traps were used in all ttsts i)fj a 25 III grid pat tfJ~11 rh) numbe r- of malt motho captured gtl2S reeordec c regular LrrtsrvaLs
In one experim8~lt the attrac tivene ns of racemic d i apar-I ure was compared with that of (+) enarrti omar Ihe rssults of middotshi test are given in Table 1
Table I Number of moths captur-sd il trans middotcLti ted with varying amount s elf racemic and optically active Hsparlure
1 L
lCCJC
------------------__-----_ _--__------shy
II II These ltlata clearly reflect -gt0 superior attractancy of the (+) enarrt iore r
compared with that of racemic mate r i al Approximately 10 X more raoths were captured with 100 ug (+) disP8rlure than with an equal amount of racemic pheromone Unfor-tuna te Ly limited amounts of the enantiomers
II prohibited testing at dosages gTeater than 10C ug and therefore it is
II not known if greater dosages woull -Lead to repeLten t or inhibitory effects It should also be noted that the Jptically active material contained ca 66 of its an t i podo Hirhly puCified pbermiddot~Cwj~e would likely yield someshywhat different data Ih_u is the first rcpc--t of 3~ clear relationship beshytween dosage and r-e sponee wheIc n_creased ple romone concentration y-ields a corresponding increase in ruoth response
II In another test the inhLbi t ory properties ()f t1gt (-) s nant iomar- were quantified deti3rrninirlg tile at t ractivenes (~r var i cus ratios of (+) and (-) disparlure These lata a~e presented n Table I
bull Table II NWllber of riaLe mo trs captured in tIP -x1ited with various
t~r8rltiomer ra tios
bull ----- -~---_ I shy
ugtraJ ug -) per Average catch ( -I- ) -i- _----LQ_ llg ~~_ J2eL_tmiddotr~a=p _
9 jL o (I te 936 1 1 75 120
c99 _J j 3-68 63 I
bull J 00 ioo L+ 12 ~ ~I I ) 380 32
bull L159 59 ~ 08
As addi tiCmiddot] iJlCgt1EltS oi (-) middotnre tdded V_ ij CZS ccntaiuing 10 uij (+) a t tr-activene ss 22di~J jmiddotrc~8s-(~ dsmonc2at~E the Lnhib i tOIJ nature
Yn t he ( c-~ j bull_ 1 m n - v 11+ i (1 60L f th01 rllt~ - 11 ccuUCc JgO_Ll -l_~e au k bull t-_f- CO bullbull oa~ne I )0 0 v bull e
II bull ) - -- n -I- f- - ~ 1 s +--- +- bull - -- - f ( rl J l dOppOSle c_Dctl_bull )Eler hie e_ua ar tr-ac mvene so O~ + -LlSpar_Ure COU
Dot be ceteIlied ~~xt-aTJ)lation of the p]ttcCc data suggests that 9Cf~ (+) disp2rl1lle 1~Cl~_middot(J cap turv 15-~() t i mes a iafr ~ioths as TaGer-tic phero-shymane at tho 10 -cC -2vel
A rnore 6ta-iled -report i s cur-rentIy ceins- lYr-pT~P( JJ_C pub lication The manuacrLpt -middotimiddotL 1 c~ i ~11 uIsd ~ n tho nex t LacL8tcr_~ P~ IJort
Project Number GM 623 Project Title Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leader Charles P Schwalbe
There is no progress to report on this project A prototype apparatus is being assembled which will permit systematic evaluation of various collection substrates Recent papers report successful collection of airborn volatiles on Porapak Q and Molecular sieve If quantitative collection of disparlure from female moths is s11ccessful pheromone emission will be used as a standard for determining quality of insects mass reared under various conditions
I I I I I
-30shy
I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I
Project Number GM 626 Project Title Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leader Edward C Paszek
Tree Tanglefoot a natural product made from castor oil gum resins and vegetable wax was used as an adhesive for sJPSY moth traps for )6 years 1913-1969 It was replaced in 1970 with Tack Trap a synthetic plastic type adhesive (polyisobutylene) which was less costly and through field testing found to be more effective than Tree Tanglefoot in holding capshytured moths in a trap Tack Trap has gone up in price fr-om $0421b in 1970 to $130lb in 1976 A number of companies are marketing synthetic sticky compounds to protect trees from climbing insects and as bird reshypellants These compounds were compared with Tack Trap and Tree Tanglefoot to determine their effectiveness in holding ca~tured ~psy moths
8plusmn5 of the following six compounds were weighed and applied to approxishymately 286 cm2 of the interior surface area of Delta traps An aging study on 12 these open traps was conducted in the greenhouse at a tempshyerature range of 10degC to 32degC for 5) months (119-62376) A field bioassay was made on 71476 after 6 months of aging in a natural infestshyation followed by a laboratory bioassay 91676 after 8 months of aging
Table I Mean number of 6 Boths per trap after 1 hour field bioassay in heavy infestation 24 hour laboratory chamber bioassay with )00 released 6 moths
Field Laboratory
Tack Trap (new sample) 145 60 Bird Iang1efoot 120 90 Excelcide Bird Repellant 105 200 Tack Trap (old sample) t10 105 Stikem-Special Iree Tanglefoot
6S o r
14)1)
After 6 months of aging in open traps Tack Prap Bird Ianglefoot Excelshycide Bird Repellant and Stikem-Special held captur-ed native moths Tree Tanglefoot glazed over and was a poor adhesive When bioassayed Ln a laboratory chamber after 8 months oflging vri it released moths many moths entered and fLev out of the traps indcating that the adhe sive tend to dry out and stiffen after Long periods of aging
The remaining samples were stored folded flat on the shelf in a closed paper carton at room te~perature (approxi~ately 22C) B~th sets of traps were weighed after 6 weeks of aging (3176) to deterwiu8 weight loss of the adhesives due to voLat i Liza t i on of solvents
-ushy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
-32shy
bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II II II II
bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
-----
Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
- 34shy-
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
-35shy
II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
-shy
CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
I -v f)
I
10
bullbull C N
bull 0shy-It)---
C) ~
~ et
gtshy ~
-lt
l 1 o Li
u Clt bull z ~ l pH
V i) j
iJ2
~
1M
Ibull
0= I~U Z
I~~ 0 tx N U
Z ~
pound0 t
~ N ()
I~ I
+ J ~ J
a U Z
-Ro o
-J
o a ~
Z
o o 0 o- 00 ~
031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
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Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
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I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
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Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
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Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
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I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
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-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
I
I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
I
I
I
I
I llEPEL-
I TIES
I
I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
I I
I
I
I
I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
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I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
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- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
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bullbull Project Number GM 622
bull Project Title Responses of ~Ble Gypsy Moths to Traps as AffecteC ~
the PeatE of Pheromone Release Report Period April I 1976 - Septe~ber 30 1976
bullbull
Report Type Errcer im Project Leaders Charles P Sch~Lb2 E C Paszek
Preliminary trapping experiments with disparlure indicated that attracti-veshyness is affected by the rJte at which the pheromone is released from the trap Large amount s of lure seemed 0 have an inhfb i torr or repellent effect ConfLrmatorv studies were planned in which multiples of Corrre Ic fibers would be used to bait standaTd delta traps in order to define the pheromone ls1ea8e rate at which maxinnna attradiveness 10 sul ted Such inshyformation would be 2xcPPdingly useful in pI(eparnf specifications for comshy
bull mercial production of progTam pheromone dispenpers Unfortunately certain difficulties vpre encYLmtered in developing a sound expemiddotrinental program and it was suggested that this work be carried out by scientists at the
bullPennsylvania Stat Uni ve r-si ty Freliminary date have been made available to us but we 8re unable to uti I izhen in this report
bullExperiments in tti- pr)j0ct aCil Cl conduc tcd in collaboration with the ARS Optically active enantiCnj2rs of cis-Jlrparhrre were generously made available by Dr NarU1n(j~ Nagoya Uruve r-s i vs Iagoya Japan The objective of the tests was to determine the attractiveness (or other biological
bull properties) of tIl optically active ~nantiomers of disparlure Similar experiments were conducted by scientists from Nlchigan State University and the New York and C~~1nectiut State Agricultural Experimerct Stations
bullbullThese tests weI c onduc tcd in a natural infestation in FaTl River State Porest ILl lraps gtJere baited wit[ cc t t on dentJ wicks to which had been applied the indicated amcunt s of ( ) and-) (-) disparlure Delta traps were used in all ttsts i)fj a 25 III grid pat tfJ~11 rh) numbe r- of malt motho captured gtl2S reeordec c regular LrrtsrvaLs
In one experim8~lt the attrac tivene ns of racemic d i apar-I ure was compared with that of (+) enarrti omar Ihe rssults of middotshi test are given in Table 1
Table I Number of moths captur-sd il trans middotcLti ted with varying amount s elf racemic and optically active Hsparlure
1 L
lCCJC
------------------__-----_ _--__------shy
II II These ltlata clearly reflect -gt0 superior attractancy of the (+) enarrt iore r
compared with that of racemic mate r i al Approximately 10 X more raoths were captured with 100 ug (+) disP8rlure than with an equal amount of racemic pheromone Unfor-tuna te Ly limited amounts of the enantiomers
II prohibited testing at dosages gTeater than 10C ug and therefore it is
II not known if greater dosages woull -Lead to repeLten t or inhibitory effects It should also be noted that the Jptically active material contained ca 66 of its an t i podo Hirhly puCified pbermiddot~Cwj~e would likely yield someshywhat different data Ih_u is the first rcpc--t of 3~ clear relationship beshytween dosage and r-e sponee wheIc n_creased ple romone concentration y-ields a corresponding increase in ruoth response
II In another test the inhLbi t ory properties ()f t1gt (-) s nant iomar- were quantified deti3rrninirlg tile at t ractivenes (~r var i cus ratios of (+) and (-) disparlure These lata a~e presented n Table I
bull Table II NWllber of riaLe mo trs captured in tIP -x1ited with various
t~r8rltiomer ra tios
bull ----- -~---_ I shy
ugtraJ ug -) per Average catch ( -I- ) -i- _----LQ_ llg ~~_ J2eL_tmiddotr~a=p _
9 jL o (I te 936 1 1 75 120
c99 _J j 3-68 63 I
bull J 00 ioo L+ 12 ~ ~I I ) 380 32
bull L159 59 ~ 08
As addi tiCmiddot] iJlCgt1EltS oi (-) middotnre tdded V_ ij CZS ccntaiuing 10 uij (+) a t tr-activene ss 22di~J jmiddotrc~8s-(~ dsmonc2at~E the Lnhib i tOIJ nature
Yn t he ( c-~ j bull_ 1 m n - v 11+ i (1 60L f th01 rllt~ - 11 ccuUCc JgO_Ll -l_~e au k bull t-_f- CO bullbull oa~ne I )0 0 v bull e
II bull ) - -- n -I- f- - ~ 1 s +--- +- bull - -- - f ( rl J l dOppOSle c_Dctl_bull )Eler hie e_ua ar tr-ac mvene so O~ + -LlSpar_Ure COU
Dot be ceteIlied ~~xt-aTJ)lation of the p]ttcCc data suggests that 9Cf~ (+) disp2rl1lle 1~Cl~_middot(J cap turv 15-~() t i mes a iafr ~ioths as TaGer-tic phero-shymane at tho 10 -cC -2vel
A rnore 6ta-iled -report i s cur-rentIy ceins- lYr-pT~P( JJ_C pub lication The manuacrLpt -middotimiddotL 1 c~ i ~11 uIsd ~ n tho nex t LacL8tcr_~ P~ IJort
Project Number GM 623 Project Title Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leader Charles P Schwalbe
There is no progress to report on this project A prototype apparatus is being assembled which will permit systematic evaluation of various collection substrates Recent papers report successful collection of airborn volatiles on Porapak Q and Molecular sieve If quantitative collection of disparlure from female moths is s11ccessful pheromone emission will be used as a standard for determining quality of insects mass reared under various conditions
I I I I I
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I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I
Project Number GM 626 Project Title Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leader Edward C Paszek
Tree Tanglefoot a natural product made from castor oil gum resins and vegetable wax was used as an adhesive for sJPSY moth traps for )6 years 1913-1969 It was replaced in 1970 with Tack Trap a synthetic plastic type adhesive (polyisobutylene) which was less costly and through field testing found to be more effective than Tree Tanglefoot in holding capshytured moths in a trap Tack Trap has gone up in price fr-om $0421b in 1970 to $130lb in 1976 A number of companies are marketing synthetic sticky compounds to protect trees from climbing insects and as bird reshypellants These compounds were compared with Tack Trap and Tree Tanglefoot to determine their effectiveness in holding ca~tured ~psy moths
8plusmn5 of the following six compounds were weighed and applied to approxishymately 286 cm2 of the interior surface area of Delta traps An aging study on 12 these open traps was conducted in the greenhouse at a tempshyerature range of 10degC to 32degC for 5) months (119-62376) A field bioassay was made on 71476 after 6 months of aging in a natural infestshyation followed by a laboratory bioassay 91676 after 8 months of aging
Table I Mean number of 6 Boths per trap after 1 hour field bioassay in heavy infestation 24 hour laboratory chamber bioassay with )00 released 6 moths
Field Laboratory
Tack Trap (new sample) 145 60 Bird Iang1efoot 120 90 Excelcide Bird Repellant 105 200 Tack Trap (old sample) t10 105 Stikem-Special Iree Tanglefoot
6S o r
14)1)
After 6 months of aging in open traps Tack Prap Bird Ianglefoot Excelshycide Bird Repellant and Stikem-Special held captur-ed native moths Tree Tanglefoot glazed over and was a poor adhesive When bioassayed Ln a laboratory chamber after 8 months oflging vri it released moths many moths entered and fLev out of the traps indcating that the adhe sive tend to dry out and stiffen after Long periods of aging
The remaining samples were stored folded flat on the shelf in a closed paper carton at room te~perature (approxi~ately 22C) B~th sets of traps were weighed after 6 weeks of aging (3176) to deterwiu8 weight loss of the adhesives due to voLat i Liza t i on of solvents
-ushy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
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bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II II II II
bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
-----
Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
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II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
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II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
-shy
CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
I -v f)
I
10
bullbull C N
bull 0shy-It)---
C) ~
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gtshy ~
-lt
l 1 o Li
u Clt bull z ~ l pH
V i) j
iJ2
~
1M
Ibull
0= I~U Z
I~~ 0 tx N U
Z ~
pound0 t
~ N ()
I~ I
+ J ~ J
a U Z
-Ro o
-J
o a ~
Z
o o 0 o- 00 ~
031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
-49shy
I I
Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
I I
-50shy
I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
I I I I I I I
Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
I I I I
I II
I I
I I
Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
I
I
I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
I
I I I I I I I
-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
I
I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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-------------------shy 111
--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
I
I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
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- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
II II These ltlata clearly reflect -gt0 superior attractancy of the (+) enarrt iore r
compared with that of racemic mate r i al Approximately 10 X more raoths were captured with 100 ug (+) disP8rlure than with an equal amount of racemic pheromone Unfor-tuna te Ly limited amounts of the enantiomers
II prohibited testing at dosages gTeater than 10C ug and therefore it is
II not known if greater dosages woull -Lead to repeLten t or inhibitory effects It should also be noted that the Jptically active material contained ca 66 of its an t i podo Hirhly puCified pbermiddot~Cwj~e would likely yield someshywhat different data Ih_u is the first rcpc--t of 3~ clear relationship beshytween dosage and r-e sponee wheIc n_creased ple romone concentration y-ields a corresponding increase in ruoth response
II In another test the inhLbi t ory properties ()f t1gt (-) s nant iomar- were quantified deti3rrninirlg tile at t ractivenes (~r var i cus ratios of (+) and (-) disparlure These lata a~e presented n Table I
bull Table II NWllber of riaLe mo trs captured in tIP -x1ited with various
t~r8rltiomer ra tios
bull ----- -~---_ I shy
ugtraJ ug -) per Average catch ( -I- ) -i- _----LQ_ llg ~~_ J2eL_tmiddotr~a=p _
9 jL o (I te 936 1 1 75 120
c99 _J j 3-68 63 I
bull J 00 ioo L+ 12 ~ ~I I ) 380 32
bull L159 59 ~ 08
As addi tiCmiddot] iJlCgt1EltS oi (-) middotnre tdded V_ ij CZS ccntaiuing 10 uij (+) a t tr-activene ss 22di~J jmiddotrc~8s-(~ dsmonc2at~E the Lnhib i tOIJ nature
Yn t he ( c-~ j bull_ 1 m n - v 11+ i (1 60L f th01 rllt~ - 11 ccuUCc JgO_Ll -l_~e au k bull t-_f- CO bullbull oa~ne I )0 0 v bull e
II bull ) - -- n -I- f- - ~ 1 s +--- +- bull - -- - f ( rl J l dOppOSle c_Dctl_bull )Eler hie e_ua ar tr-ac mvene so O~ + -LlSpar_Ure COU
Dot be ceteIlied ~~xt-aTJ)lation of the p]ttcCc data suggests that 9Cf~ (+) disp2rl1lle 1~Cl~_middot(J cap turv 15-~() t i mes a iafr ~ioths as TaGer-tic phero-shymane at tho 10 -cC -2vel
A rnore 6ta-iled -report i s cur-rentIy ceins- lYr-pT~P( JJ_C pub lication The manuacrLpt -middotimiddotL 1 c~ i ~11 uIsd ~ n tho nex t LacL8tcr_~ P~ IJort
Project Number GM 623 Project Title Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leader Charles P Schwalbe
There is no progress to report on this project A prototype apparatus is being assembled which will permit systematic evaluation of various collection substrates Recent papers report successful collection of airborn volatiles on Porapak Q and Molecular sieve If quantitative collection of disparlure from female moths is s11ccessful pheromone emission will be used as a standard for determining quality of insects mass reared under various conditions
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Project Number GM 626 Project Title Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leader Edward C Paszek
Tree Tanglefoot a natural product made from castor oil gum resins and vegetable wax was used as an adhesive for sJPSY moth traps for )6 years 1913-1969 It was replaced in 1970 with Tack Trap a synthetic plastic type adhesive (polyisobutylene) which was less costly and through field testing found to be more effective than Tree Tanglefoot in holding capshytured moths in a trap Tack Trap has gone up in price fr-om $0421b in 1970 to $130lb in 1976 A number of companies are marketing synthetic sticky compounds to protect trees from climbing insects and as bird reshypellants These compounds were compared with Tack Trap and Tree Tanglefoot to determine their effectiveness in holding ca~tured ~psy moths
8plusmn5 of the following six compounds were weighed and applied to approxishymately 286 cm2 of the interior surface area of Delta traps An aging study on 12 these open traps was conducted in the greenhouse at a tempshyerature range of 10degC to 32degC for 5) months (119-62376) A field bioassay was made on 71476 after 6 months of aging in a natural infestshyation followed by a laboratory bioassay 91676 after 8 months of aging
Table I Mean number of 6 Boths per trap after 1 hour field bioassay in heavy infestation 24 hour laboratory chamber bioassay with )00 released 6 moths
Field Laboratory
Tack Trap (new sample) 145 60 Bird Iang1efoot 120 90 Excelcide Bird Repellant 105 200 Tack Trap (old sample) t10 105 Stikem-Special Iree Tanglefoot
6S o r
14)1)
After 6 months of aging in open traps Tack Prap Bird Ianglefoot Excelshycide Bird Repellant and Stikem-Special held captur-ed native moths Tree Tanglefoot glazed over and was a poor adhesive When bioassayed Ln a laboratory chamber after 8 months oflging vri it released moths many moths entered and fLev out of the traps indcating that the adhe sive tend to dry out and stiffen after Long periods of aging
The remaining samples were stored folded flat on the shelf in a closed paper carton at room te~perature (approxi~ately 22C) B~th sets of traps were weighed after 6 weeks of aging (3176) to deterwiu8 weight loss of the adhesives due to voLat i Liza t i on of solvents
-ushy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
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bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II II II II
bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
-----
Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
- 34shy-
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
-35shy
II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
-shy
CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
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I
10
bullbull C N
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l 1 o Li
u Clt bull z ~ l pH
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Z
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031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
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Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
-49shy
I I
Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
I I
-50shy
I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
I I I I I I I
Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
I I I I
I II
I I
I I
Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
I
I
I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
I
I I I I I I I
-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
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and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
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I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
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IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
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AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
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ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
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~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
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Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
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I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
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TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
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Project Number GM 623 Project Title Periodicity of Pheromone Release of Female Gypsy Moths Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Project Leader Charles P Schwalbe
There is no progress to report on this project A prototype apparatus is being assembled which will permit systematic evaluation of various collection substrates Recent papers report successful collection of airborn volatiles on Porapak Q and Molecular sieve If quantitative collection of disparlure from female moths is s11ccessful pheromone emission will be used as a standard for determining quality of insects mass reared under various conditions
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Project Number GM 626 Project Title Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leader Edward C Paszek
Tree Tanglefoot a natural product made from castor oil gum resins and vegetable wax was used as an adhesive for sJPSY moth traps for )6 years 1913-1969 It was replaced in 1970 with Tack Trap a synthetic plastic type adhesive (polyisobutylene) which was less costly and through field testing found to be more effective than Tree Tanglefoot in holding capshytured moths in a trap Tack Trap has gone up in price fr-om $0421b in 1970 to $130lb in 1976 A number of companies are marketing synthetic sticky compounds to protect trees from climbing insects and as bird reshypellants These compounds were compared with Tack Trap and Tree Tanglefoot to determine their effectiveness in holding ca~tured ~psy moths
8plusmn5 of the following six compounds were weighed and applied to approxishymately 286 cm2 of the interior surface area of Delta traps An aging study on 12 these open traps was conducted in the greenhouse at a tempshyerature range of 10degC to 32degC for 5) months (119-62376) A field bioassay was made on 71476 after 6 months of aging in a natural infestshyation followed by a laboratory bioassay 91676 after 8 months of aging
Table I Mean number of 6 Boths per trap after 1 hour field bioassay in heavy infestation 24 hour laboratory chamber bioassay with )00 released 6 moths
Field Laboratory
Tack Trap (new sample) 145 60 Bird Iang1efoot 120 90 Excelcide Bird Repellant 105 200 Tack Trap (old sample) t10 105 Stikem-Special Iree Tanglefoot
6S o r
14)1)
After 6 months of aging in open traps Tack Prap Bird Ianglefoot Excelshycide Bird Repellant and Stikem-Special held captur-ed native moths Tree Tanglefoot glazed over and was a poor adhesive When bioassayed Ln a laboratory chamber after 8 months oflging vri it released moths many moths entered and fLev out of the traps indcating that the adhe sive tend to dry out and stiffen after Long periods of aging
The remaining samples were stored folded flat on the shelf in a closed paper carton at room te~perature (approxi~ately 22C) B~th sets of traps were weighed after 6 weeks of aging (3176) to deterwiu8 weight loss of the adhesives due to voLat i Liza t i on of solvents
-ushy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
-32shy
bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II II II II
bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
-----
Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
- 34shy-
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
-35shy
II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
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CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
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II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
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Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
-49shy
I I
Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
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I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
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Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
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Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
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I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
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-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
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I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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-------------------shy 111
--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
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AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
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~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
-69shy
I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I
Project Number GM 626 Project Title Comparative Study of Trap Adhesives Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leader Edward C Paszek
Tree Tanglefoot a natural product made from castor oil gum resins and vegetable wax was used as an adhesive for sJPSY moth traps for )6 years 1913-1969 It was replaced in 1970 with Tack Trap a synthetic plastic type adhesive (polyisobutylene) which was less costly and through field testing found to be more effective than Tree Tanglefoot in holding capshytured moths in a trap Tack Trap has gone up in price fr-om $0421b in 1970 to $130lb in 1976 A number of companies are marketing synthetic sticky compounds to protect trees from climbing insects and as bird reshypellants These compounds were compared with Tack Trap and Tree Tanglefoot to determine their effectiveness in holding ca~tured ~psy moths
8plusmn5 of the following six compounds were weighed and applied to approxishymately 286 cm2 of the interior surface area of Delta traps An aging study on 12 these open traps was conducted in the greenhouse at a tempshyerature range of 10degC to 32degC for 5) months (119-62376) A field bioassay was made on 71476 after 6 months of aging in a natural infestshyation followed by a laboratory bioassay 91676 after 8 months of aging
Table I Mean number of 6 Boths per trap after 1 hour field bioassay in heavy infestation 24 hour laboratory chamber bioassay with )00 released 6 moths
Field Laboratory
Tack Trap (new sample) 145 60 Bird Iang1efoot 120 90 Excelcide Bird Repellant 105 200 Tack Trap (old sample) t10 105 Stikem-Special Iree Tanglefoot
6S o r
14)1)
After 6 months of aging in open traps Tack Prap Bird Ianglefoot Excelshycide Bird Repellant and Stikem-Special held captur-ed native moths Tree Tanglefoot glazed over and was a poor adhesive When bioassayed Ln a laboratory chamber after 8 months oflging vri it released moths many moths entered and fLev out of the traps indcating that the adhe sive tend to dry out and stiffen after Long periods of aging
The remaining samples were stored folded flat on the shelf in a closed paper carton at room te~perature (approxi~ately 22C) B~th sets of traps were weighed after 6 weeks of aging (3176) to deterwiu8 weight loss of the adhesives due to voLat i Liza t i on of solvents
-ushy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
-32shy
bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II II II II
bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
-----
Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
- 34shy-
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
-35shy
II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
-shy
CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
I -v f)
I
10
bullbull C N
bull 0shy-It)---
C) ~
~ et
gtshy ~
-lt
l 1 o Li
u Clt bull z ~ l pH
V i) j
iJ2
~
1M
Ibull
0= I~U Z
I~~ 0 tx N U
Z ~
pound0 t
~ N ()
I~ I
+ J ~ J
a U Z
-Ro o
-J
o a ~
Z
o o 0 o- 00 ~
031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
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Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
I I
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I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
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Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
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Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
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I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
I
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-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
I
I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
II I I I
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I
Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
I
Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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I -62shy
tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
I
I I
-65shy
I
Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
I
I
I
I
I llEPEL-
I TIES
I
I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
I I
I
I
I
I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
-69shy
I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
III
II II II
Table II Weight loss in grams of open Delta traps hung in greenhouse and folded traps (unassembled)
Tack Tack Tree Excelcide Bird Trap Trl1 Tangleshy ]3ird 3tikemshy Tangleshy(new) (old) foot Repellant Special foot
Greenhouse 080 085 +1 So 000 +055 +02) Shelf 1(1 060 OlD 020 000 000L )
After 6 weeks of aging unde r greenhouse conditions of high humidity and fluctuating temperatures the new sample of rack Trap lost O S gtrap and the old sample 08S gtrap Excelcide had no weight loss while the reshymaining adhesives Tree Tanglefoot Bird Tanglefoot and Stikem-Special gained small amounts of weight hygroscopically In the folded traps aged on the shelf at room temperature with low hwnidity the new samples of Tack Trap lost 13 gtrap old samples of Tack Trap lost 06 gtrap Tree Tangleshyfoot Bird Repellant lost small amounts while Stikem-Special and Bird Tanshyglefoot had no weight loss The weight of Tack Trap in both sets of traps could be partially due to the eaporetion of the solvent from the adhesive and a loss of mo1sture from the trap In a test to check on moisture loss 20 folded 1975 Delta traps with Tack lrap were removed from a sealed containshyer weighed and air dried singly for 10 days (1~-119176) at room temper-
of 22 cC a ture The folded traps with Tack Irap lost an ave rage of 1 08 g of weighttrap Twenty opened (unfolded) Delta traps without Tack Trap similarly air dried lost an average of 156 g of weighttrap
The six traps with adhesiT8 preparsd 11976 and stored on a shelf at room temperature in a parer carton jere opened at 8 months (91776) to check on the ease of se par-ating the folded sections of the trap fOT asshysembly Both traps vii th the old and ne w aample s of Iack TTap adhesives are a little difficult to open and they should be pulled apart gently to prevent tearing The remaining four adhesive samples opened up easily
The preliminary screening of 5 trap adhe s ivs s as fo l Lowed wi th a field bioassay of 20 replicates placed out in S bluks in a natural infestation for 2 months (716-91676) Approximately 85 g of the trap adhesives were applied to these traps The traps were checked 5 times no motris were removed and the adhe sive not disturbed The following table tabulates the results of this study
Table III Hearl Hebull ()f HaL MothsTraP lY I
lwe ((- daT)
cTack Trap )yen~bull ~~
Excelcide Bird nep~_1aY -1) 1 q (1 C~
Bird TanJ~Efoo t S tikeill-Sp(~C i aI Ire e iJ3[lf~l r~ f 0 o t
13J means followed by the same letter are nsf signif i can t Iy different at 59h Levo l of confidence based on Student-Newman-Ke21 s test
-32shy
bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II II II II
bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
-----
Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
- 34shy-
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
-35shy
II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
-shy
CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
I -v f)
I
10
bullbull C N
bull 0shy-It)---
C) ~
~ et
gtshy ~
-lt
l 1 o Li
u Clt bull z ~ l pH
V i) j
iJ2
~
1M
Ibull
0= I~U Z
I~~ 0 tx N U
Z ~
pound0 t
~ N ()
I~ I
+ J ~ J
a U Z
-Ro o
-J
o a ~
Z
o o 0 o- 00 ~
031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
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Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
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Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
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I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
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Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
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Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
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I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
I
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-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
I
I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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I
Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
I
Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I
I
I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
I
I I
-65shy
I
Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
I
I
I
I
I llEPEL-
I TIES
I
I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
I I
I
I
I
I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
-69shy
I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
bull 11 This study indicates that after 60 days of field use in a natural infesshya tion Tack Trap Excelcide Bird Repellant and Bird Tanglefoot have siru Lar moth-holding characteristics Excelcide Bird Repellant or Bird Tanglefoc can be substituted as a replacement for Tack Trapbull
II
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II II II II
bullbull
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
-----
Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
- 34shy-
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
-35shy
II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
-shy
CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
I -v f)
I
10
bullbull C N
bull 0shy-It)---
C) ~
~ et
gtshy ~
-lt
l 1 o Li
u Clt bull z ~ l pH
V i) j
iJ2
~
1M
Ibull
0= I~U Z
I~~ 0 tx N U
Z ~
pound0 t
~ N ()
I~ I
+ J ~ J
a U Z
-Ro o
-J
o a ~
Z
o o 0 o- 00 ~
031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
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Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
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II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
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Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
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I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
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Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
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Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
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I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
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-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
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I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
I
I I
-65shy
I
Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
I
I
I
I
I llEPEL-
I TIES
I
I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
I I
I
I
I
I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
-69shy
I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
II II II II II II II II II
shyII II
-----
Project Nurnber GJ1 627 Project Title Greenhouse Aging of Various Encapsulated Disparlure
Formulations Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Final Project Leaders Robert G Reeves D Simser
Objectives This test was designed to compare six encap3ulated disparlure formulations in respect to moth catch and residual disparlure after varying periods of aging the materials in the greenhouse The materials were bioshyassayed and analyzed for disparlure residues after 4 8 11+ 28 42 and 63 days
NCR AC 1016 - 1975 21o FORJ1ULATION
Aged (days) 4 8 14 28 42 63
Moth CatcJJ Slide (1) S 16 7
I 1 ( ~j 9 16
Slide (2) Std-10 ug1 Std-10 ug Blank (1)
5 2 c
0
13 0 2 2
16 3 L 1
-r L
1 0
1i 6 lplusmn
29 lplusmn 1
7 I
3 2 0
Blank (2) C 0 3 0 0 2
nispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 28 131-+ 206 16 050 ose ) 0Slide (2) L 1 31 144 088 068 046
NCR RH 1374 - 1976 200 BOmTULATION Moth Catch
1 ~Slide (1) 9 13 ~ I 22 27 30 Slide (2) j
r 9 3S 19
Dispar1ure Residue
Slide (1) 19 1 28 1 22 084 051 0middot31 Slide (2) 13 1 26 134 11 0middot37 (J21
NCR 1r7 - 1YI FORlV[(JLATIONraquo ( I
Moth Catch Slide (1) t 26 O 26
~~ii - ~A
)gtJ~Slide (2) 2 ii 9 I _L-t
Ilisparlure Residue
Slide (1) 6) 565 1169 8 te 447bull L
Slide (2) 7 2 S17 n 10 8 rr So 179i
- 34shy-
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
-35shy
II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
-shy
CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
I -v f)
I
10
bullbull C N
bull 0shy-It)---
C) ~
~ et
gtshy ~
-lt
l 1 o Li
u Clt bull z ~ l pH
V i) j
iJ2
~
1M
Ibull
0= I~U Z
I~~ 0 tx N U
Z ~
pound0 t
~ N ()
I~ I
+ J ~ J
a U Z
-Ro o
-J
o a ~
Z
o o 0 o- 00 ~
031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
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Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
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Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
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I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
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Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
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Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
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I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
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-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
I
I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
II I I I
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I
Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
I
Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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I -62shy
tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
I
I I
-65shy
I
Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
I
I
I
I
I llEPEL-
I TIES
I
I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
I I
I
I
I
I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
-69shy
I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
II III NCR 1374-77 - MIXTURE OF 1377-1374
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
30 38
4
11
~ 47 j03j I
295 309
Aged ( days) 8 14
13 20 30 lL
25 27
28
15 22
089 O J7
)2
39 21
049 01-1-7
63
25 13
III
II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
STAUFFER - 14-3 MICROCAPSULES
14 17 8 0 14 18 0
084 C)38 028 007 091 034 027 005
0 0
003 003
0 4
002 o O~~
II II II
Moth Catch Slide (1) Slide (2)
Disparlure Residue
Slide (1) Slide (2)
DrSPARLlTRE
7 10 13
30 33
J71 067
29 1 38
ON DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
22 0 S1
020 029
8 8
012 013
5 3
l Bioassay conducted by placing coated glass slides in Delta traps Iwo chambers were u sad and 350 male moths were released in each chamber
2
II
- pound Standards wer e cotton Hicks v6th 1 ug and 10 ug disparlure on them The standards for each aging period corresponds to all
fOIDulations therefore they are only tabulated once - JJ Empty Delta traps were in the chambers during aach bioassayfl Standards for the 42 day test were 10 and ])0 1g
II II II
-35shy
II
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
-shy
CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
I -v f)
I
10
bullbull C N
bull 0shy-It)---
C) ~
~ et
gtshy ~
-lt
l 1 o Li
u Clt bull z ~ l pH
V i) j
iJ2
~
1M
Ibull
0= I~U Z
I~~ 0 tx N U
Z ~
pound0 t
~ N ()
I~ I
+ J ~ J
a U Z
-Ro o
-J
o a ~
Z
o o 0 o- 00 ~
031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
-49shy
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Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
I I
-50shy
I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
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Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
I I I I
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Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
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I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
I
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-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
I
I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
I
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
II I I I
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I
Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
I
Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
bull I I
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
I I I
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I -62shy
tests is being done can begin as soon as
I
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
I I I I I
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
I
I I
-65shy
I
Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
I
I
I
I
I llEPEL-
I TIES
I
I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
I I
I
I
I
I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
-69shy
I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
II II Project Number GI1628
Project Title Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Disparlure for Mating Disruption
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type Interim Report Leaders Charles P Schwalbe E C Paszek
II
Cons i de rabLs effort has gone irrto f leld evaLuatien of microcapsular formshyula tions of disparlure for di s rup ti on of aduL t rnating The most recently studied material was prepared by NCR Dayton Ohio and contained Jo disshyparlure by weight in ~lene It has been reported that this formulation weathers poorly and fails to release significant amunts of disparlure wi thin 2-3 ieeks after application thus necessi ta ting mul tiple applicashytions to achieve acceptable levels of mating dis~~ption This project was conducted in cooperation with the AP~ in an effort to develop improved controlled release broadcast formulations of phsromones Similar tests were performed in Cecil County MJ)
II Formulations 118ed in the fie l d tests were selected by laboratory screening of candidate material s Characteristics that rere measured included phershyomone release rates -weathering properties adhesive properties of various stickers and ease of handling These evaluations were conducted on formushylations exposed to laborato~T field and greenhouse conditions All of these tests were performed by lUiS Organic Chemical Synthesis Laboratory BARC The fo1r)wing products were recommended for field evaluation
Formulation Sticker Nozzle Rate (lha) Dosage (gha)III rConrel fiber Po1ybutene 3010 l() fiberha 20 MGK 11 RH-1645 (J01O ~S 20 Stauff8r Unknown 8010 20III
~O1976 ~o NCR 11 RH-l64S 8010 52r
1976 4 NCR Y 11 RH-1645 8010 26 20 1976 10 NCR 11 EH-164S 8008 11 20III 1975 2010 NCR 2J L 1 Ehopl ex 3-15 8010 52 20
_1 Mixture of 21o and 10 formulations 2
9 This formulation is used as the standardIII Test plots (16 ha each) were established near Fall Eiver MA Theurore were h replicates fo r each treatmert and e check ulots l~gg mass sur-vey in 9III (out of 36) plots showeCl t_co insect oopul a tier clensi ty t- bea 1 gg massA (besed on 3fo of total plot -1tveyed) All liquid forrnuLa t ions I-rere sprayed by air June and 25 The fJbers -rere appLi d on CT qbou tIII June 30 Efficacy vas deter-mined by morri toring the~n~l(lpncgt of -)2 [~Llli9
of female moths plaeel in the study plots No male UCrS were rsJ_easod Field collected female 4erEj used up to July 29 aft0gt which Labor-a t ory-III
III III
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
-shy
CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
I -v f)
I
10
bullbull C N
bull 0shy-It)---
C) ~
~ et
gtshy ~
-lt
l 1 o Li
u Clt bull z ~ l pH
V i) j
iJ2
~
1M
Ibull
0= I~U Z
I~~ 0 tx N U
Z ~
pound0 t
~ N ()
I~ I
+ J ~ J
a U Z
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-J
o a ~
Z
o o 0 o- 00 ~
031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
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Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
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I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
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UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
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Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
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Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
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I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
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Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
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and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
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IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
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AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
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ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I TIES
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~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
I I
I
I
I
I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
-69shy
I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
reared insects were used One or two day old virgin female moths were placed at breast height unde r slab shelters Depending upon availabi1i ty of insects up to 12 moths were in place at a given time in each plot The insects were recovered after 3 days in the field and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the presence of sperm Any eggs deposited were also collected percent embryol1ation was determined from these eggs The results of the insemination determinations are given in Table 1 Egg embryonation examinations are presently incomplete and will be reported later
Table I Incidence 0f ma~lng of females in Dlots treated with test formulations
Formulation tf Determined IV1atf-d o~ Hated
1976 ~A NCR 21 80 1976 4 NCR -)
)J 121)
1976 10c NCR 270 37 13middot7 1975 ~o NCR 292 45 154 Conrel 282 59 209 Stauffer Cl 105 29S3 MGK 3t~8 129 360 Check A 2rS 111 414
r4r~UCheck B 376 51-eO
Data presented in IabLe T represtnt to tal (season long) mating in study plots It is deal that certain formuLa t i ons d i s rupted mating to an exshytent greater than others From the-e te e ts 1376 Zl NCR microcapsule formulation was mOc8 efficacious thar any oLhe r Interestingly the rankshying of the same 7 test formulations in similar studies conducted in MD was identical to that in Table 1 ince data are yet incomplete statist shyical anaLysi s has not been performed and differences used to rank the formshyulations may not braquo s tati s ti cal Ly significant It should be noted that all 1976 NCR formulations contained a new sticker RB-1645 JV~ terial formulated in 197 containe d Ehcplex B-15 Sines this is the only difshyference between the 197C and 1976 zoic fo rmuLat ione it appears that the sticker used may have 1 sigTliLicant effect on ehs fi oLd performancef a formula t ion
Alben data are plotted with time an interesting element of the data appears AnW1expE~ctedly high incidence of Tinting occurs in the treatment J-)-lt3 at the same tim8 mat i ng peaks in the con erol plots (FiguTes I and T ~) bull
Ihus at d tirue whon DreSU1I18-bly rnos t adult mot hs are pr--sen-t~ ~~3~middotinsect2~ in tile 1)76 ~j~ TJGR ~l)ts yr(3) 5tgt 7~~e Thit LikeLy Tt~pr8SCmiddot~middotlJ 11r~~8 ~ =- ~actc)rJ
con r-o l to jrro s aurgt svs tomt Ihi a may lit- Gttc ltLrlcrp~middotts~1d 01 ~he ij~Sl-Jpt-jmiddot)r~t
(mating di srup ti or ltHitimiddot plleromc~(gt_~ _s t hough t to be cl ~tL31 t~r dspende1t) by large nurnbo r of nativo naLe s JJL(~Sel2t The buns t )j ~~Elti_tLg ShOT~_d thereshyfore be smal l e r at lowe i popul a tLon densi t i o s IGw~-gt(-j-C~ ~hese studies were conducted ~ TYlp~llaiiC)l] densi ties of ca L egj U)_ssA (generally conshysidered VeI[ sparse snd if diapar-Lur-o i s to be ll_GC~-ll~L ~~ r 3 c orrt rol )r
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
-shy
CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
I -v f)
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l 1 o Li
u Clt bull z ~ l pH
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I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
-49shy
I I
Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
I I
-50shy
I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
I I I I I I I
Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
I I I I
I II
I I
I I
Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
I
I
I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
I
I I I I I I I
-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
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and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
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I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
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IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
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AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
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~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
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TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
bullbullbull eradication context the limits within which it will sa ti sfac tcr i iv
mating must be defined Additional formulation research may provid ~ solution further study with mixtures of behavioral chemicals and ~u~ t i r applications of these materials may also be important
bullThis work is currently being ~Titten for publication and a final complet2 manuscript will be included in tho next Laboratory Report
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
-shy
CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
I -v f)
I
10
bullbull C N
bull 0shy-It)---
C) ~
~ et
gtshy ~
-lt
l 1 o Li
u Clt bull z ~ l pH
V i) j
iJ2
~
1M
Ibull
0= I~U Z
I~~ 0 tx N U
Z ~
pound0 t
~ N ()
I~ I
+ J ~ J
a U Z
-Ro o
-J
o a ~
Z
o o 0 o- 00 ~
031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
-49shy
I I
Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
I I
-50shy
I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
I I I I I I I
Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
I I I I
I II
I I
I I
Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
I
I
I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
I
I I I I I I I
-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
I
I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
-59shy
bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
-60shy
-------------------shy 111
--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
I
I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
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- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
100
---------------_
80
Q YII 60 ~
~
_ 1976 2 NCR
-shy
CONTROL bull f
0
~ 401 ~
20
14 18 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23 JULY AUGUST
I -v f)
I
10
bullbull C N
bull 0shy-It)---
C) ~
~ et
gtshy ~
-lt
l 1 o Li
u Clt bull z ~ l pH
V i) j
iJ2
~
1M
Ibull
0= I~U Z
I~~ 0 tx N U
Z ~
pound0 t
~ N ()
I~ I
+ J ~ J
a U Z
-Ro o
-J
o a ~
Z
o o 0 o- 00 ~
031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
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Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
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II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
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Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
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I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
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Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
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Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
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I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
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-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
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I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
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ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
I
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
I
I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I
I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
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- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
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bullbull C N
bull 0shy-It)---
C) ~
~ et
gtshy ~
-lt
l 1 o Li
u Clt bull z ~ l pH
V i) j
iJ2
~
1M
Ibull
0= I~U Z
I~~ 0 tx N U
Z ~
pound0 t
~ N ()
I~ I
+ J ~ J
a U Z
-Ro o
-J
o a ~
Z
o o 0 o- 00 ~
031VW LN3gtlI3d --10shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
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Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
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I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
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Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
I I
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I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
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Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
I I I I
I II
I I
I I
Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
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I
I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
I
I I I I I I I
-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
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and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
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IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
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AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
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ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
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~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
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TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
I I
II
further cleanup was nece e eary
II Analysis and Recovery Tests 1 One hundred u l of each formuLa t ion v-las anaiyze-i fo r exact weight
of disparlure 2 Recovery tests were carried out by applc ~UJ pI o f each fonnulashy
t ion to oak leaves and to soil Samples gtIsre c~Tac~c by the previously described procedures and compared with standard 2 RC~overiefJ of di s par-Lur-e from foliage and soil ranged from 95 to 1096 ann ave raged about 10()~ thereshyfore no correction was made for I(coverieJ in the analyses of field sampi e s
l Analyses were accomplished en 8 SracoY 22 [2- chromtCJ~~1apb
equipped with a 6 x Jl gIass c oLurnn Tackee til rh 39 nv )( 1 iC~l1CT[~-
22Ssorb vi HP and a flame onizatio2 dcie~- slr~cei c(ml~(lI cl
GC 2GO cC III
II injector - ovel - dGtec~ JT - 0~)C~C ~lth ~ ~~~r~_0~ -~~ ~middott -7
on flJW meter
II II -
~- -J J shy
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 629 Field Aging Test of Six Slow Release Encapsulated Disparlure Formulations on Oak Foliage April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final Robert G Reeves L Simser
Objective Compare different formulations of ll=parlur 01 oak f)~~iage fo r release of disparlure adherence to foI iage and resJdusJ Li fe
Sampling of the Disparlure FoITmla tions lhs saup Les W3re co 1 lee ted from the spray tank of the ai rcraft prior +0 fLeLd a1P1i ca t i on of ~he rnaterials All samples were placed in the field on July 9 1976
Apoundplication of rr~Ftterials to Seedlings The fozrnuL 1 t iona wee quarnI tatIve Ly applied to foliage on oak seedlings i th a 100 pl c~rr-nge Thirty-tv-To seedshylings were spotted with each formula ti on One-hal f tbe aanrple s were placed in direct sunl ight the other hal f placed in a f)Dst~d area shaded unde r the forest canopy
Extractions 1 Foliage - Five to g leaves were placed in 12 trlenDleyfT flasks
containing 75 ml of a 1 hexane-acetone mix tur-e TlP samrt e s WETCO aged for 24 hours then placed on a D8chanlralhakeI slov speec femiddot nour- No cleanup of these samples imiddotTa2- required pr-Lor fo in)8ctiof on the ins tr-umerrt
2 Soil - Soil in the sedling pots TiS f)xtracL w bl pUTtjng tie upper 1-12 into a 250 ml ~Srl~Dmeyer flask containing J-SC ml o f a 1 1 lex neshyacetone mixture and aging the same as foliage Pi poundtr ~111 was decanted through a Na2S04 filter into So ml centrifuge tubes and c r 1c s rr t r a Tod to S mi No
Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
-49shy
I I
Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
I I
-50shy
I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
I I I I I I I
Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
I I I I
I II
I I
I I
Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
I
I
I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
I
I I I I I I I
-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
I
I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
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AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
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ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
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I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
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Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
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- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
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Aged Lure Recovered-Eo1iapc~ Lure Recovered-SoJ ~
(Days) Woods Sun Woods Sumiddotl
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
5 12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
) l r- L~
19 26 33
r- J
12 19 26 ~33
c
12 19 26 33
5 12 19 26 33
RaLnfal I
1195 822 581 402 063
29 ]6 964 151 0)) 003
le76 J5 8 10 )+5
986 c ~10o I L
2366 1386 99
11 1323
2688 21 LL2 171+1 168Lt -i r- ~
~~)~o
544 38(0 2492
R 07-j
2~62
170~l
967 h 1 ~~
i5( 1891 c )(
STAUPFER FORJJIULATION
- shyjI)j
11+2 2450 1)l ubull 030
32 ~ 7~
18 (1 i 8(middot 790 - Ll
FIORrllJtLTI01JNCB j - 1shy
L~7 55 -s ~~S
u q~
J)j I)
NCR Lt]6 - FORJVIULATIOF l( L8 12 2 [~
NCR 1) -- UPJlTfLATl o
L6 Sf ~ 2~ 35 2) 1 ~ 13 2c -
365 middot31
)64 103
1698 275
14~ J20
A -7 bull j I
naS
--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
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Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
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II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
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Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
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I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
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UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
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Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
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Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
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I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
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Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
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and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
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I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
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IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
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AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
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ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
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~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
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I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
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- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
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--
~
bullbullProject Number Gr1 6210 Project Titlo Analytical and Fioassay Tests of Glass Slides C02 ted
wi tn Four Disparlure (7 8 Epoxy 3 Nt~thyl Oc tadecano Fo rmuLa +ions and Aged in 8 Greenhouse
Report Period ApriJ 1 19 - Septemoer 30 1976 Report Tvpe Pinal Project Leaders
bullbull
The objective of this te~~t was t mor t or the ~ gt8se rate of dl aparLure from -Dcapsu1Cited tlate=riel fo rmu l a ted fou r different companie s Each formu La t i on was quan ti t8tirel~l ap~jlie~t to glaJS InirJ~)cupe s lide s which were at9o for ~O week s in a The --middotapling sledule was 1 and 4 days _I- 2 4 S and 10 weeK for ach (-TOUD f s l i de s Sme S 6 and 10 week slides vJere bicdss8yeci -T th mal f) CY-0SY -tbs in dmmberH prior to residue analysis DisparLure repiduc)s weee - ~rILiJleCi by ga~ hromatoshygraphy The fo Ll ov i ng tab le gives the r9sult of -~his test bull
1Ji Ge IIo th JYlaterial Aeed Catch
NCR AC 1016 + 1 d_~1 ~i bull 6 7 S wk s 2J L+ drop Supershy h daJ ~3 1 6lt ( wk a nate AV Lure= middotif 10 YJks 17536
y T0Tk s ~ ) J_IJ ~ik8
L bullLytron 11 Average LVTe= Undetermined 11k
-1 n vIKf bull
113 1 )
bull~ r c
bull viz
n Ij bull
bull
S tauffo r L380-1)~- 1 1 bull
bullMicrocapsuLc3 Average Lllre = - i
O9]S~~ I bull
bull ~
bull ~ ~- J ~-
bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
-49shy
I I
Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
I I
-50shy
I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
I I I I I I I
Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
I I I I
I II
I I
I I
Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
I
I
I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
I
I I I I I I I
-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
I
I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
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AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
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ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
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I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
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TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
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bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Project Number GM 631 Project Title Hatch Rate of~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Preshy
cooling Storage Techniques Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InteriQ Project Leaders John Allen Ianne r LF Kennedy
rests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
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Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
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II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
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I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
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Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
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I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
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Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
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Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
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I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
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-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
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and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
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AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
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~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
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- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
I I I
The objectives of this test are to deterEline the minimum embryonation period required for sU~lival of ~ aisEar embryos during refrigeration and to determine the necessity of a precooling pltriocl prior t o refrigshyeration
Methods This study was a refinement of tests conducted during 1974shy75 concerning the duration of the embryonation period Rates of emshybryonation and hatch were determined from egg masses held Ullder the followir~ conditions prior to refrigeration at 4c C for 150 days
I Days Exposed 22degC 15
c c deg1 10
17-
I 14 10 24
I _L 10 ]1
I 28 10 38
I 3S 10 4S
After refrigeration each egg mass was individually incubated L2degC
I 95-99 RH 14Llon) llDtil eclosion ceased records were maintained as to the nmnber of incubation daye to initiate and complete hatch and the percent embrycnation and eclosion
I Resul ts Eggs embryc(la ted 1( days prmiddotcLcGed little or no hatoh (r~abgt I) and were excluded from any s tat i s t i cal analysis
I With the sxcept Lcn of the precooled 2L+ day treatment increaej_ng~ the
I embryonation period did no t significantly alter hatch ratse (Table I) However reducing the embryonation temperature did increase the mean hatch rates sJigl1tly -out not significantly
I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GI16]2 The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by the Precooling Period and the Duration of the Embryonashytion Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Final John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
-4Sshy
I
I I I I I
I
I
I I I I I I I
Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
-46shy
I
II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
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I I
Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
I I
-50shy
I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
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Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
I I I I
I II
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Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
I
I
I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
I
I I I I I I I
-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
I
I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
I
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I
I -58shy
Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
II I I I
I I
I I
I
Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
-59shy
bullbullI
bullII
I
Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
-60shy
-------------------shy 111
--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
bull I I
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I -61shy
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
I I I
I I
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I -62shy
tests is being done can begin as soon as
I
I
Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
I I I I I
-63shy
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
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I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
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I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
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AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
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ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
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I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
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TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
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Extending the embryonation period sig11ificantly increased the number of incubation days necessary to commence eclosion (Table I) Increase was in a linear fashion wi th r 2 of 91 and 99 for precooled and nonshyprecooled eggs respectively (Fig 1) Precooled eggs required 21 additional hours of incubation with each week increase in the embryoshynation period while non-precooled eggs required 28 hours per week Precooling the eggs significantly reducf~d the number of incubation days
The number of incubation days over WhlCh 50 of the neonates emerged was lowest for eggs embryonated 24 days (Table I) However no concrete trend of increase was obse~Jed in the number of incubation days with longer embryonation periods Precooling the eggs reduced the number of incubation days necessary to obtain 50 hatch
Conclusion Gypsy moth eggs should be given the shortest embryonation period that will allow the embryos to reach the stage of development necessary to survive refrigeration This wi Ll yield maximum hatch with the fewest incubation days to initiate hatch and result in a decrease of generation time
Reducing the temperature during the latter part of the embryonation period would likewise reduce the number of incubation days to initiate hatch It will also decrease the numbe r of days for neonate emergence and slightly increase the hatch rate
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II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
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I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
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I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
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Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
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I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
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Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
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Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
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I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
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-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
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and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
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AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
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I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
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- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
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II II - - - - - -- - II
Table 1 Ihe effects of duration of embryona t i on and temperature of emb ryonation on the hatch rate and the number of incubation days to Lni t i ate hatch for SO neonate e~lergence
- 11 - II II - bull bull
__ _T~ ~~~~~~O~~J~~ 1____ -~- I~ ~~ONPRECO~)LDJ~= -shyDao I Days k I lfays fOT 50 1 ( Days to DaF1 for 50 1-V llmiddott ri ~T~i- -)~+i(~ 1 (gt lTr) 1+- Lil YlJmiddotfr~~ ~ (~- ~-1 -r-c T-l~middot)middot-middot-h 1)+-- ~r I_~~_Ie ~1 _ c~cb middot_t_J _~c] rl-~ )J~~~5_~me ~c~ 1- t nl t 9- b _~b __ Jc 0 d (LIsectgenv~ J__ La L
L C) - i I I r)- shy
) I A l A 7 0A 7 1 A -- 8 J_r-J JoU _ _r _1)_) shy
n t tt)_~-O~ o-~ (5 I _~JI 4I-- J II
-c Lf 71H 81 A 8 U __7middot bull _1) j~ I middot41J C) ) l () ( rR 0 c 3 8 I Q 3A o r ( I rje 1-- o bull l r v gt i l
) tJ + 1 i I C r- (~ oC I 1 0 OA In 8-j r 14~) j bull c I q U J I bull - ) ) bullbull-shy
~_~ __ ~A~o_L ____~____ ~____ ~~~ ~ _ -__ _______ _
1 day emreyonat ion period not Lnc l udcd in s ta tisticaJ analysis
M yo -+1- c + Fcll ]r thogt cs 1 middot Y middotmiddota-middotn+~ rtl JffYgtYl~- ~ tl- r 11~ ea 1 vIL c~ LUITL no t r oi Loweu 1) e arne eIIer are s ignir i __drlY Il c8Lcv Cbullbull JJmiddotI I
-1=shy-J
I J Calculated trom date of first ha t ch
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
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Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
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I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
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Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
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Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
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I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
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-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
I
I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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-------------------shy 111
--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
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~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
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I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
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- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
~ ~ _--_ _ 12
Figure 1 The efIcct s of the ernbryonatLon per-Led on U13 number of incubation days requi red to initLate hatch
11
10
9C) [~ ~ oC~
~T~
tt t- rJ- ~1 ) U DP-(A)led~ b= 166
r r-~= )~-Jto~
t--l
8 -
~_~
i=- ~ 1--1
o ~ Pre-cooled ~-1
b= 126middotn gt-1 )70 J~= 91~P
~ 6
5
I - -----_~--__------------------------------------------------------------
24 28 32 36 40 44 I NUMBER OF EMBRYONATION DAYS
)- co I
I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
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Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
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I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
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Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
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Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
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I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
I
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-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
I
I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
I
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
II I I I
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I
Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
I
Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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-------------------shy 111
--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
I I I
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
I I I I I
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-------------~
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
I
I I
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I
Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
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ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
I
I
I
I
I llEPEL-
I TIES
I
I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
I I
I
I
I
I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
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I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
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- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
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I I Project Number GM 63middot 3
Project Title The Hatch Rate of ~ dispar Eggs as Affected by Treatment with Cloro~ and Captanreg
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976I Report Type Interim Project Leaders John Allen Tanner L F Kennedy
I Tests have been completed and data collected are currently being analyzed
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
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I I
Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
I I
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I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
I
I I I I I I I
Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
I I I I
I II
I I
I I
Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
-5~~-
I
I
I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
I
I I I I I I I
-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
I
I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
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IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
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AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
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ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
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~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
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Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
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I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
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TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
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Project Number GH 634 Project Title Gypsy Moth Mass Rearing Evaluation of Methods for
Surface Sterilization of Eggs andor Pupae Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report Type InterimI Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
I In a series of tests gypsy moth eggs were exposed to various chemical disinfectants (Clorox and formalin) and germicidal UV light (2537 A) In an initial test to determine theffect of such treatments on egg hatch and subsequent growth and development each of 20 egg masses was
I divided into 4 parts Each fraction of the egg mass was subjected to a different treatment or was used as an untreated control By keeping data on separate egg masses variations between egg masses could be observed
I The treatments (Table I) did not adversely affect the incidence elf egg hatch or subsequent development as judged by weights of pupae and egg masses from moths arising from the treated eggs Egg masses from this test are being chilled after which time determinations of egg hatch inI the Fl generation will be made
I A second series of tests was conducted to determine the effect of the above treatments on 3uppression of NP virus For this test we used field collected egg masses (Taunton MA) known to be heavily contaminated with
I virus The treatments were similar to those previously described Larvae that hatched from the treated and control groups of eggs were placed on diet reared in aggregate and observed daily for presence of virus disease Results (Table n) showed that formalin was most effective in suppressing virus incidence However since formalin was not 100 effective (ie
I I 8 of the test larvae died from virus disease) further tests were carried
out to determine if modifications of the formalin treatment (ie higher concentrations or extended treatment times) would give better results Unfor-tunateLy additional tests on virus suppression have been delayed until eggs collected this past season have undergone sufficient chilling to break diapause
I In the meantime we have examined the effects of immersion of eggs in 10 formalin for extended time periods on incidenceuro of hatch The results of
I these tests (Table III) show that eggs immersed in formalin for 60 and 90 minutes hat che d as Hell as those of the control group However observashytions at 17 days post-hatch on larval development showed that 902 859 776 and 523~ had attained the 4th inotar in the control 30 60 and 90 minute formalin tre90ment respectively Thus a significant devslcpr]ntal de Lay in the 90 minute treated group is Lndicated Based on the results of these experiments 18 have tent2~iv8ly adopted the use of lCPo formalin
I (immersion of eggs for )) minutes tap vTCiter rinsed for 60 minutes and air dried) for surface ~teriliz[jtion of egg masses lhs completed results of the tests in progresn 111 indica-ce whether this procedure should be al shy
I tered
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I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
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Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
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Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
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I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
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-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
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and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
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AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
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I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
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- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
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I I Table 1 Incidence of hatch in gypsy moth ~ampgs subjected to various
surface disinfection treatments ~
I No lTo Treatment Eggs Hatch Hatch
I Control SIC SIll 664
Clorox 0-0 r ) I) 2
I j ] - raquo 777 ---l 67J
Formalin (10) 2 1009 68e 681
I -
UV Light (10 min)) 999 695 696
I 1 Ned Jersey l strain numbers based on samples from 10 egg masses
I 2 Eggs j_InmerJed in aqueous solution of Clorox or formalin for 3C mi nute s fol Lowed by a similar period of rinsing Ln rrunnfng tap water and allowed to ai r dry
I 3 Eggs subjected to UV light (2537 A) fo r 10 minute s at a disshytanse of 1~ centimeters
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Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
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Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
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I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
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-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
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and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
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I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
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IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
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AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
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~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
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TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
Iabl e II Effect of various methods for surface decontamination of eggs on subse querrt incidence of virus in larval gypsy moths
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Egg Hatch Ho Larvae Larval Mortality D~e to Virus 1)Treatment 0 Observed Number
Control e- ~
( I 430 369 858
Clorox (10) 31 611 270 44 2
Formalin (lcYo) 87 - I 636 60 87
UV Light (10 oin) J3S 260 Tl 6
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I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
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-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
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I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
-59shy
bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
-60shy
-------------------shy 111
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Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
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~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
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TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
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I II Table III Effect of duratjon of exposure
of the gypsy moth 1 to formalin on egg hatch
Number Treatment Eggs Irea ted Hatch
I Control
Formalin (30
-r-i - (I 0~ormalln 0
Formalin (90 min r I
1
2 nun )
2 mlD)
1545
1700 1
1642 dO 09
~~ r1794 ( )
I 2 1000 aqueous solution fol Lowing tcea -Tent eggs were rinsed
I in r-unning tap Jlater for the same air dry
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-GiLlG po r-i od and allowed to
Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
I
I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
II I I I
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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-------------------shy 111
--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
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~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
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- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
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Project Number GJl1 63 S Project Title Gypsy ~1cth Mass llearlrg Evaluatien and Development
of More Economical Diets and More Efficient Techniques for Re8ri ng and Handling Larval Gypsy JVIoths
Report Period April 1 1976 - Spptember 30 1)76 Re port TYIJ8 Lrrterim Investigators Robert A Bell M Slmpiro O T Forrester
In the last laboratory report (September 1975-1vla r cYl Ig76) we noted that the gypsy moth could be reared on a whoa t g8rIil-~asein diet previously used for rearing tobacc o ho rnwcrms Thi s diet was less expensive than other diets used for rearing gypsy moths and contained fewe r ingredients In this repot we present he resu~t of more extensive tests with the modified hornworm diet arid certain preliminary re suI ts of tEsts LnvoLvi ng several simpler and less costly diet fOrrDul2tions
Rearing Procedures Sine the rearing procedures that vIe have adopted are somewhat different from those employed by other workers a brief description of these tecrniques is presented here
Exper-imen tal ~1gtC~ ViCTC prepared I n a 1 g-a-1011 faring [)13nder Agar vas suspended in bciljlg ater by using 6 ho t plate-magnetized stirrer The water-ac-~r rnixtu-e was pauled into t~hc blender container and cooled to 70degC all remaining inlsectTedients vle eLided lith the blender stirring motor ope ra ting at Low rptn The speerJ was regulated by a rheostat All ingredients were then llended at ~ SSG rpm fQr 1 micmte and imnediately poured into rearing~ontr~iners The (1 et wasovered VIi th tj aaue towelshying (Kay-drypound) and coo l e d b room temperature Generally the larvae were placed on the dLe t the same day it was prepared bu t sometimes the diet was pJclceo in p la s t i o bags held CJIernight at room temperature and infesmiddotted tl)~ next day
Until this past summer field collected egg ma3ses used to obtain test larvae were not surface steriLizec Howevsr dur-ing the sumrner an inshycreased incidence of viral and incidental rnol d con tamina tLori necessitated the use of pruceduTcs fOT surface decon taminat Len of eggs The procedures used were those developed by N Shapirr and involved a 1 hour immersion of broken egg masscs in 10 Formalin fJ] u-ied by an equal period of rinsshying with tap water
Unless s pe o i fi e d otritY4ise test j nfh t s were reared indiv i dual Jy in 1 5 ounce polystyrene CUI) Ihunderbird Corrtaine r Corp) wi th plastic coated paper Lids (StandarlL ap d S~al o aegoregate rearLng lO-1S larvae were reared ~~rom n0GYli3e1 ~aG2 ]rri or ear1y Ltl~ inc tar-s in either 15 ounce styrene cups or ~ llPC~ caper cups (Djxje~ Jax coated) with unshycoated paper 1d Tllcnii lt~ Larvae were trariferred to 16 OIDee unshytf3Xe(L lJaper ford on2 J01 (t larvae contaLner) ri th ) ounce plasshytic Solcr~ cup of fremiddotll li8 rl8 l~ ounce centain] vJS fi tted with a transnarent l uLartic0 ~na n--1 f +yn8 1-JAi (Th~-ll1C 1t Y)~ bull U_l ~___ haveL0J-1 J ~l- gt J ~ U middot~middotAV- corrtaine r-s__ c
beer in use fr r 2-)111f Li[]c at seVeraJ ~_-=cationEi where f7flSy moths are beshying reared LllCludir euro 1 12 bulluElS rearing unit here at CJtjs)
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
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and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
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bullbullI
bullII
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Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
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-------------------shy 111
--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
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IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
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AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
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ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
-69shy
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
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-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
Generally YlO addi tional f(fltlcnl~ OY ha-id 1 3S required and 121~v-a0 were permitted to mrpa te L1 trP H~ lUnce It~ineL fJ~el pupeuion We comshypleted the pupae wer- 8 p lt itre i ghed anlt1SpiW fc acrd ng to ~ex in 16 ounce containerS (i10 ~ ) UJG Lij middotsc)YJtairpoundrmiddotsp(~tirely)
Y)Moths (2 1 s and 92 weI it -r)r middot~rJr) d8~ f middot-(JG8~_~_n and nlaced Ln paper bags (5-10 p~ ~ag ~J ~l 8YIU ov i po s ~-Tmiddot=n ~rb(~ bags 3ealed vii th mask i nr- +2 n Cgt ~-~~ ~ lh(- fj day gtlmiddot~ mj~hs vlerc remoTed wi th a vacuua ~ i Lt r --J S~imiddotgtS weYe --L+ -middotr1l t_ _l~l(llbcltte-1 fer lL days (soC -J - Or~middot~ )11- 1 al~ -i laquo14 cnamuer a t 8c- c
EXCE~pt dlJrineurot 8[p Ul c JF~J~S(~ al 81-L6c~ c~middot GC~if)l)p~j21t vltr~ 1112)Yltt=-lYled in rcontrolled snvirCIC1Ei 2 )l)rF ua i n ~d ceo L l C) f)+- ) and 17
hr lightday
Resu~ ts aYld 1 qcgt)~u_~ shy r ( Y ~ i and c-Loru zed strain~Nar~-~middotmiddot~-~middot ~ cbfiC~ ho rmCIII die t (Tahlr rvi rill t penci igt UlJJI1 trIG mode
l 1 rt $ lt J ~ no 1 nooof reaCJrlg 8)( (~nj to )ll _I) ~ __j
~Lnsec t - ~Lc pA r I I - ~~J~lC(middot
qu i to satJ8f~lctc~ -i-=- )~cr rl (UT Fll-~ 1~Tan rDYmiddoted ~ggTeg-
ate Lv )rielj~j t) ) (v il 1 lt~ iIlt- Cl~L r-_jF --11 1Ih dmiddot )[ c~7~~-ca0fgt J~ llJ S eggs or th frd lay v t i rdtTIll fltf (1(1iVci of the eggs lver~ Laid wit h i r li_S~r ~gtr-r~ matiu The tild s t r-a i n (~)ig11tCJn lVIA) yielded 61 J lUts -l- UfCT ~it7~_d t- vfil(~ truin W-j iue t8 vires contam i r-a t i tt Tll- f -L~ nY~-~~I~12~ C-(rjle~t 1Y1LR 111_8 -UJIIJeL wheri thes2 i0S-S 4middotmiddotrt_ ~(~~J~middotgt~d ~) irre(h+~~ and middot7g t=JIod11ct~~n of the vri Ld strain 1fj8H ~- LJ (S1 t-t-middot ~~Ligt I~f t11t~ c~gt ~lJt=-Jl o trai n Fur-ine r testing of tlE t i tN ~ 1 ~iJ iJP aye 3VcC] 18b18 from this Y~d~13 f~ ltfS ~lctt l ear 1gt-- (~_~ d-urshying trL13 pas r _ u ~ = ~Jtle ~ ( F~ Y t ~t)8erVf-~( 1rp~ y-ield of adul ([ TnI iv 1 J i r v t th c cccJonablyd J
virus frGE-~ -li i 1 - ~r~1 l f~3 8ld~- ~ )lA-l~_~ l-~~_ l-~- ci -jftotcr-y It 1 S bs1 iev tj the- vi 1middot2J C~ (i n tt L ~8 i Oil bull- ~_J~ - J itt UJn~j- ~ IlJC)r-sarlt s i ngLe f2ct()Y middotmiddotiff~c-Lj eli aY)(JJi middott lD~SS rear0d insects~
s)nably r~i-r- -~ -~
perirr~(-n 13 4lt
)8ve Lt
gredjt--rtR r~J_ rshy
sinrrj if ~ed f 11111] 1 dE--i SHl -)1
~
I
I
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
II I I I
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Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
-59shy
bullbullI
bullII
I
Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
-60shy
-------------------shy 111
--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
bull I I
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
I I I
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
I I I I I
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
I
I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
I I
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
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I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
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- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
and the agar cCYtent 18 reduced a0d 1Jg 2 tCI whea i starch Such fo rmuLa tLora cap be pr8parel~ Icr 3JliL thus the cost of relrshyirlg insects O tLis cli--T aU1811Ii GS tc $~ ~~~2 bull s0~J)(-)n_ So far these Lnexpens ive- (I i f t i (r~rul~~t j C1 s apncar gt he ELdeqll2 t ~ t leas t to Ye8r larvae fo r lrlJ prodl-~~lttmiddotic-~
Bearing Ccrlti1~_rler~ r-_lt1ollt~+ tY(~ ~df-ll containar- 1la~ not been found we olrtaLnad r--su r 1 WJ th l~ (1 ( ()LlTIC(- -~ranslucnt plast ic c orrtainer s with S-~lap-jnn )I_(~(Ligt T2Y)(~r J_IC t] ~__ nindr~ rC~l-L_td f tepound3tf~ to de-termine thE optigtYa ~~~r t -if ~rsecf~LI_~ OUl( CO~~3ir~]~ ar-o snovn ill-j
Table VIII ing Larvae for vi rLL- nr- 1-~middot - 1 rUt thgtv JJlt ~~1 sc ~middotrcmiddotre sa ti sfac tCmiddot1J for rearinf ir8-octs to hc 2Jii)_~_~ ctaR~ ~~)TI IJ~_irltenflnce )r jtltRr purshypo se s No differc~J~( 1-~rec tr~8tmtjtts 142 ~~-1 ~ the 0ev~opmental
rate but tbE pe~~(~ntat~I- r0(1cttn ts 1middot-8 pu oaL 1~-- J)ATer zn tr~ltl~rlentsC
involving 3 and rtctir A~(1 YlJieghts ere higher in tbe th rrbere pupaltreatmerlt wi L ~cmiddotlrrl~c(~ntattcmiddot (Jec[eas(~ Lr
weight of ihe llaTuf-j CJJ8 trle TgtJulatiorl j c-nsij~ Ln ~_~3Sc~d al tht) 1Ag h this was no t s tri ctLy tY11C- ~r ~~middot~l~~ fe~ie~e8 5t that no Li~~3rc-n8e INa2 seen in the treatmc tl t c1 )r~vmiddot-~-YlY1~ ~~ 3 cr -~() ~21--taec(Jrt[t~rgt r- It nrus t l~e eT~lphashy
s i zed that th2ro V) C(Jl_si(~l~e~bmiddot c-ImiddotDe-~i~tion frJ7 avatLablc- food but
treatCmiddotlelts in~- ~r -- _ ~~-n lS0 18- Tlmiddot))3~middot --ltere mal~_TInrd Also 5iff~~ren-i i n ~~y I) ~TfLr~~1 ~rC~ J~~~n~~) TLa~ aCCiJnt for the Lack ~l 1middot_le~) r ~a -~ ~ o ~~r t[elmiddot~rl J~~~ ~j ~rtd f e~l-_l~middotl r-ipaI weight The main po i rt ~~1 tha t ~h( ~~ OUl1C~~~ Jnta~ner appear sui tableL
for agg~Yneuroatt rear_~- o (~-8 )zlr-~e~~gtY-~ai~[1e~middot itJ gt cc st ie approxishyjmateIy $2 i~_~~ ~~1()middot 1- T7ef Fur t hcr middottuG_ cs vr~ t~ c11rielmiddotl 011t to
evalua te O-tfJ( cjY1Ta=-rl(~T t ~)l gmiddotc-cega te t=~5f-~C tha --ffr=r middot~t~_(jj tionaI cost relt1ct~ 0112gt
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
I
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
II I I I
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I
Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
-59shy
bullbullI
bullII
I
Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
-60shy
-------------------shy 111
--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
bull I I
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
I I I
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tests is being done can begin as soon as
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Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
I I I I I
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-------------~
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
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I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
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Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
I
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I llEPEL-
I TIES
I
I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
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I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
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I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
Table IV Yamamotos tobacco hornworm diet (slightly modified)
I NGREDHJITT AMTLITER
1 Wheat Germ 800 g 2 Casein 360 g 3 Sucrose 320 g 4 Torula Yeast 160 poundJ
iJ
5 Salt rtixture 80 g 6 Vitamin T~lix 50 g 1 ry
I Cholesterol 02 g 8 Nethyl Paraben 10 poundJ
9 Sorbic Acid loS euro
10 Agar 200 sr 0
11 Water 8000 ml
1 Vitamin rrlix (Hoffman-LaRoch formulntion) includes B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline chloride and inositol
COSTLITER = $050
bull ~II
II
II
bull II
bull II
bull
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
II I I I
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I
Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
-59shy
bullbullI
bullII
I
Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
-60shy
-------------------shy 111
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Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
bull I I
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Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
I I I
I I
I I
I -62shy
tests is being done can begin as soon as
I
I
Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
I I I I I
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-------------~
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
I I
I I
-64shy
I
I
I
I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
I
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-65shy
I
Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
I
I
I
I
I llEPEL-
I TIES
I
I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
I I
I
I
I
I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
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I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
bull bullbull
Table V Performance of a colonized vs wild strain of gypsy moths reared on a modified tobacco hornworm diet
Avg Pupal Wt (g) Adult Avg Eggs Strain a ~ Yield Per ~Day
NJ FI J 052 21 89 745
Dighton (wild) 051 19 61 718
Mode of Rearing = Aggregate No Reared = 5225 NJ F13 Strain
1930 Dighton (wild)
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I -58shy
Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
II I I I
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I
Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
-59shy
bullbullI
bullII
I
Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
-60shy
-------------------shy 111
--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
bull I I
I I
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I -61shy
I I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
I I I
I I
I I
I -62shy
tests is being done can begin as soon as
I
I
Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
I I I I I
-63shy
I
-------------~
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
I I
I I
-64shy
I
I
I
I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
I
I I
-65shy
I
Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
I
I
I
I
I llEPEL-
I TIES
I
I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
I I
I
I
I
I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
-69shy
I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
Table VI Simplified wheat germ-casein diet for rearing gypsy moths
II I I I
I I
I I
I
Ingredient AmtLiter
1 Wheat Germ 102 g 2 Casein 25 g 3 Sal t Mixture 8 g 4 Vitamin Mix 1 5 g 5 Sorbic Acid 1 g 6 Methyl Paraben 1 g 7 Agar 20 g I
8 Water 850 ml
1 Vitamin mix (Hoffman-LaRoche) contains B-vitamins ascorbic acid choline and inositol
COSTLITER ~ $042
-59shy
bullbullI
bullII
I
Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
-60shy
-------------------shy 111
--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
bull I I
I I
I I
I -61shy
I I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
I I I
I I
I I
I -62shy
tests is being done can begin as soon as
I
I
Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
I I I I I
-63shy
I
-------------~
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
I I
I I
-64shy
I
I
I
I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
I
I I
-65shy
I
Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
I
I
I
I
I llEPEL-
I TIES
I
I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
I I
I
I
I
I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
-69shy
I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
bullbullI
bullII
I
Table VII Performance of 5JPsy moths on a simplified wheat germshycasein diet (26degC 60 RH)
Number Days to Avg Pupal Adult Eggsifgt Insects Pupation wt (g) Yield () Per Day
28-35 (0) 55 (0)360 79 70931-39 (~) 222 (2)
Aggregately reared
Strain NJ F13
-60shy
-------------------shy 111
--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
bull I I
I I
I I
I -61shy
I I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
I I I
I I
I I
I -62shy
tests is being done can begin as soon as
I
I
Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
I I I I I
-63shy
I
-------------~
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
I I
I I
-64shy
I
I
I
I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
I
I I
-65shy
I
Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
I
I
I
I
I llEPEL-
I TIES
I
I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
I I
I
I
I
I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
-69shy
I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
--------
Table VIII Developmental rate pupal yield and weight of gypsy moths (NJ F14) reared at different densities
No Infested
No per Container
Days to Pupationl c3 s ~s
Pupal Yield () c3
Pupal wt(g)l s ~s
40 48 80
100
4 6 8
10
31 7(14) 31 5( 16) 321(1 4) 31 7(1 2)
343(30) 347(31) 351(37) 350(28)
1000 980 880 840
70~08)
67 10)
63~ 08)
55 08)
24~41) 19 37) 21(31) 1 9(34)
1IFigures represent mean value standard deviation in parentheses pupal wts based on N=lo c3s and 10 ~streatment bull
bull I I
I I
I I
I -61shy
I I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
I I I
I I
I I
I -62shy
tests is being done can begin as soon as
I
I
Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
I I I I I
-63shy
I
-------------~
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
I I
I I
-64shy
I
I
I
I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
I
I I
-65shy
I
Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
I
I
I
I
I llEPEL-
I TIES
I
I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
I I
I
I
I
I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
-69shy
I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
I I
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GM 636 Establishment of Standards for Monitoring Performance and ~~ality of Mass Reared Gypsy Moths April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Robert A Bell M Shapiro
Colony performance can be measured by taking into account (1) developshymental time (2) pupal weights (3) yield and (4) fecundity Taken toshygether these components excepting pupal weight are a measure of the fitness of the population l~der the conditions of the rearing environshyment
Further work on this project will De carried out when the prototype rearshying facility and virus production unit are completed Assessment of Quality of insects with regard to suitaDility for virus production is being carried out in cooperation with the FS lao at Hamden CT Work on assessment of mass reared insects for pheromone in conjunction with APHIS Progress in this area a reliable pheromone assay method is developed
I I I
I I
I I
I -62shy
tests is being done can begin as soon as
I
I
Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
I I I I I
-63shy
I
-------------~
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
I I
I I
-64shy
I
I
I
I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
I
I I
-65shy
I
Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
I
I
I
I
I llEPEL-
I TIES
I
I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
I I
I
I
I
I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
-69shy
I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
I
I
Project Number GN 637 Project Title Monitoring for Pathogens and Adventitious Microbes
Associated with Gypsy Moth Rearing and TIevelopment of Effective Sanitation Procedures
Report Period April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Report rJpe Preliminary Project Leaders Martin Shapiro R A Bell
The kinds and amounts of pathogens and other microbes depends to a great extent upon the physical environment of the rearing facility The use of a clean air system should drastically reduce or eliminate microbial and perhaps virus contamination A prototype rearing facility presently under construction will be used for assessing the capacity of HEPA filters to suppress microbial contamination under a simulated mass production situashytion After this assessment is made we will be able to determine what if any further sanitation procedures may be reQuired
I I I I I
-63shy
I
-------------~
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
I I
I I
-64shy
I
I
I
I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
I
I I
-65shy
I
Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
I
I
I
I
I llEPEL-
I TIES
I
I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
I I
I
I
I
I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
-69shy
I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
-------------~
Project Number Project Title
Report Period Report T-fpe Project Leaders
GM 638 Development of ~1ethods for Avoiding Contact with Insect Scales and Urticating Hairs Associated witll Adults Eggs and Larvae of the Gypsy Moth April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 Preliminary Charles Owens R A Bell
A prototype rearing facility is rrnder ~onstruction which includes a laminar flow type clean air system Room air is drawn through a system of pre-filt shyers mounted in one end of the rearing unit Air is then partially routed through a by-pass duct for conditioning ie heated cooled hTh~idified or dehumidified and returned to the main duct The conditioned air is then discharged into the room through a bank of HEPA filters The prototype rearshying unit is equipped with a variable speed blower and the HEPA filters are mounted so that they can be easily changed Thus air velocity and filter types can be varied and tested to determine the best combination A clean air system is also being 00nstructed in the kitchen-diet preparation area The clean air system should serve a dual purpose that of reducing or elimshyinating airborn nriorobjsI contaminants and simul taneous removal of urticashyting hairs scales and dust
I Special precautions are being taken in areas where moths are being handled and egg masses are to be collected The incidence of wing scales and body hairs is extremely hi~l and constitutes a special hazard to the workers In this area HEPA filters cannot be used because they would become quickly
I clogged with scales A system had to be devised that was effective in reshymoving not only the insect scales but also the moths after completion of oviposition With this in mind a system was designed in cooperation with Toyenco Inc of Coventry IiI (a manufao tur-er of dust collecting and clean
I air equipment) that would remove and trap intact moths moth scales and also pDJvide a clean air system for the adult and egg holding room
Thus the final collection-clean air system invoJves a cyclone separator for
I I removal of moths and a filter bag unit to collect particles down to 05
micron After these particulates are removed the air is drawn through an electronic filter and if necessary activated charcoal filter placed in return air duct Phis system has just bean cielivereC1 to us and we will be testing it within the next month or tW
I I
I I
-64shy
I
I
I
I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
I
I I
-65shy
I
Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
I
I
I
I
I llEPEL-
I TIES
I
I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
I I
I
I
I
I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
-69shy
I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
I
I
I The prima~J object of the rearing facility of this laboratory is to produce sufficient quantities of all phases of the ~JPsy moth life cycle in support
I of research projects at this laboratory and several universities and expershyiment stations in the United States and foregin countr-Le s Following is a summary of production and distribution of suh material
I
I Production Eggs incubated bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 01 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull II bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3 900000 Larvae hatchedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 140 750( 29bull Jo) Larvae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 682610(6000) Larvae infestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 659 591( 9796) Larvae cannedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 511 648( 7Cfo) Pupae harvestedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 114000 a middot 84 000 ~
Matings III bullbullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull II bullbull e bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull laquo bullbullbullbullbull Oil bull bullbullbull bullbullbull 18 688 Numbe r egg TIlaSSeS produced r bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 17 48o(93596)11 bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull
Distribution Methods Development and ARB - OtisI Insecticide Screeningbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1st instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2534 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull 2nd ins tar e 19 320 It bull II () it It bull bull bull OIl 3rd ins tar oil ~ 17 265 Pheromones adults bullbullbullbullbull fl 9903 aI Diet tests bullbullbullbullbullbullbull new Ly hatched bullbullbullbullbullbull 20485 Parasi te Naintenance bullbullbullbullbull 2nd instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 710
bull II e II It ct III bull6th instar 279I Cooperators Michigan State University Carde bullbullbullbullbull pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2760a 50~ University of Massachusetts Barbosabullbullbull middot3rd 4th instarbullbullbullbullbullbullbull l445
I bull ltoJ bull 0 bullbull ~ pupae bull III bull 1 1+00 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station t Hiller bull pupae bullbull l300 Forest Service Hamden CTbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 3rd Ltth instarbullbullbullbullbull 13055
I lO bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull eo bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull C adults 4894 bullbullbull ~ e bull bull il () 81 It e ~ adul t s 1 510 Franklin Institute Goodmanbullbullbullbullbull 0 pupae bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 60
I BioServ iii ell ~ bullbullbull s Of _ eggs bullbullbull ~ bullbull e _ a _ ~ bullbull _ 3252 tJOO Penney1vania Reardon bullbull ~ pupae bullbull 994 Nassachuae t ts bull pupae bull 995 Ma~Jland McComb bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 2 pupae bullbullbullbullbull 994
I
I I
-65shy
I
Project Number Project Title Report Period Report Type Project Leaders
GN 639 Insect Production and Distribution April 1 1976 - September 30 1976 ~ + lnverlffi Leonard F Kennedy J J Baker O T Forrester
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
I
I
I
I
I llEPEL-
I TIES
I
I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
I I
I
I
I
I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
-69shy
I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
APPENDIX 1I
I REPELIENTS OF LATE INSTAR GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
A P r10HRIS
I
I USDA APHIS GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABOHATORY
OTIS AIR FORC~ BASE MASSACHUSETTS 02542
I THE GYPSY 110lH PORTHSTRIA DISPAR (L) FlillCUENTLY JPREAIlS FROIVl INFESTED
TO NON-INFESTED AREAS BY HITCH-HIKING ON RECREATIONAL EQUIP~~ AND TRANSshy
I PORTE]) NAfERIALS ANY OF THE DEVELOPHENTAL STAGES CAN BE TRANSPOHTED IN
THIS MAIThTER BUT PLJlAE A1ID EGG r1ASSES POSE THE GREAT[ST PHOBLEM
I I IN 1973 A PROGRA11 lAS INITIATED AT THE GYPSY MOTH METHODS DEVELOPMENT LABshy
ORATORY OTIS 1lFB MA TO FIND CHEHICAL COMPOillillS THAT WOULD PREVENT LATE
INSTAR LARVIiE FRor CRAvl1ING ONTO REiCREATIONAL lJOUIPl1ENT AJJD PUPATING THEREshy~
BY REDUCING SPREAIl BY PASSIVE rFJUIJSPOHTArION OF PUPAE AtID EGG MASSES IN
I THE CONTEXT OF TIllS TALK THESE COHPOU1~DS ABE CONSIDERED nEPELLENTS
I I
IN LABORATORY TESTS 2 QT CYLINDRICAL ICE CREill1 CONTAI1TERS WITH GLASS PETRI
DISH TOPS AN]) SCREEN BOTTm1S SERVED AS BIOASSAY CHANBERS THE CONTAINERS
WERE LINED -lITH STRIPS OF SUIlt3TRATE (CALLED INSEHIS) 83 x 13 (211cm x
I 33 Scm) TREATED WITH CAliDIDATE CHEIVIICAL COTlIPOUNDS FIVE 5TH INSIAR JVIALE
AND FIVE 6TH INSTAR FEMALE LARVAE WERE RSLEAS2D INTO EACH mOASSAY CFAllffiER
I I
AIR CIRCULAlION FROIJIBELOv TFJpound CEAhBERS AS PERT11TTED BY PLACING THEfgt1 ON HARDshy
wARE CLOTH RACKS OBSERVATI()m~ middotvrERE ilm-~ l~VEHY 12 HOUR EOR 6 HOURS WITH A
FINAL OBSERVATION AT APPROXINAlELY 20 HOURS FIVE RSPLICNEE~) AliJD 5 CONTROLS
PREPARED WITH lmTREAlKO INSERTS J~~R~ USEr) PER COMPOUND TESlED LARVAE rHAT
AVO I DE]) THE INSERTS WERE CONSIDERED REPELI~D
-G6shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
I
I
I
I
I llEPEL-
I TIES
I
I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
I I
I
I
I
I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
-69shy
I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
ULATIONS W1TH REPTLl111IT PROPERTIES WEPtE SCPEENED AS I RESULT lh ENT ftND
3 OTIIER COMPOFNDS vfERE S-LBCTlm nm iTfJRThFiR TESTnJ[~
TAI31E
I
I
I
I
I llEPEL-
I TIES
I
I vlt
~ - ~~ (TI- _ 1~ --1 I
I SCRSENINGi3
I C(~IJl110NS bull
I Trp TC ~1 1J
Clt 1 ~ltAl APEF
TIISERTS
- r= ~ ~ n~ (f)) J
~)- _ L
- -Y--(I 1bull V ~i i~ OF
lt J
I I
I
I
I
I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
-69shy
I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
I I
I
I
I
I THE 3 COMPOUNDSrSSD ON TAR PAPER AT 1000 mgft (lg1(2) VERE RETAINED
FOR FIELIJ TESTS L ENT 35700 WITH 96 FBPEL1ENCY ENT 18486 WITH 8200 AN)
CHLORDIMEFOPcN liIiR HPELLENCY CHLORDH1EFORM WAS AGAIN RETAINED BECAUSE
OF ITS RESII1TJAL PpoundiPEFCTY ENT 18486 WAS RETAINED BECAUSE IT HAD OUTPERFORMED
THE INSECIICIDES SEldCTc~D OR FIEID TESTING ~iEF2 F1I1C 33297 SBP 1382 AND
MGKFYRETERIHS WIilCH SHOWED 9b 98A1JIl 9710 REPELL1lJCY RESPECTIVELY AT THE
DOSAGES SEOvlN IN TABLE 2
DURING r~HE J n~ JImiddotVT FIELD TESTS JERE CONDUCrSD USING THE 6 COMPOUNDS
2SELECrEDH LAEORNlCRY ~tJSTS IAE-iVAL rRAPS OF TAR PAPER EACH 2090 32 cm
ON BOTP FOLDED ONCE IN THE trUnDLE AND FASshy
I- fTOTAL OF 10 TRAPS OiTE PER IREE WERE USED FOR EACH
CQIIIomm N TJITRc~ATED THfUJ lAS SIHILARLY PLACED (m TTtIE OPPOSITE SIDE OF
lI-m TREE FRON EACH CPEATBD l EAP AS A CONTROI C~OlJNTS OF THE Gl1JMBEHS OF
I I I I - -t
Ii-V i bull)0
I RE1PELLENT (ONLx 4
ANn lRF INCIDEHCbj OJlt EGG tLASS IllltlOSITION
I I -middotGBshy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
-69shy
I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
I I 8100 HOWEVER A DOSAGE OF 19ft2 FOR IT IS TOO HIGH TO CONSIDER FOR FIELD
USE THE OTBER 4 COMPOUNDS FAILED PYRETHRINS AT A )OSAGE HIGHER THAN
I Srngft2 PERHAPS SOmgft 2 NAY BE NORE EFFECTIVE THE 2 ENT COMPOUNJ)S
I FAILED TO GIVE THE DESIRED PROTECTION BECAUSE OF SHORT RESIDUAl ACTIVITY
SBP 1382 FAILED BECAUSE OF TOO LOW DOSAGE
IN CONCLUSION PROTECTION FROM LARVAE CRAWlING ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AN)
TAR PAPER IN THE LABORATORY WAS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SIX COMPOUNns BUT ONLY
FMC 33297 SHOwED PRmITSE WHEN APPLIED TO TAR PAPER IN FIELD TESTS THUS
NO REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT GYPSY MOTHS (LARVAE PUPAE
AND EGG MASSES) FROM BEING PASSIVELY TRANSPORTED CAN BE RECOT1lJIENDED UNTIL
FURTHER TESTS ARE RIDI HOWEER WE HAVE FOUND A DEFINITE LEAD TILlT SHOWS
I PROMISE IN THE PYRETHROID COMPOIDJD 33297 OTHER PYRETdROIDS AS WELL AS
THIS ONE SHOuLD BE TESTED SBP 1382 AlSO A PYRETHROID SHOULD BE TRIED
I I AT HIGHER OOSAGES AND CHLORDIMEFOR1V[ RETAIJTED BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH REDUCTION
OF PuPAL AND EGG MASS INCIDENCE
I I
-69shy
I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
I
I TABLE 1 REPELLENCY OJ SELECTED CONFOUNDS AT 250 mgft2 (SUBSTRATE =
CIlliOmTOGRAPHY PAPER) l 11 Repellency
Compound lI1aximuiu Time (Rrs) J ENT 18486 98 +20 -
35700 88 +20
35769 82 +20
35S22 80 +20
35771 70 55
35770 68 +20
35614 58 60
34288 34 05
II 35768 28 60
4203 20 05 II 35898 18 05 II 35645 16 05
35659 12 loS
1016 8 45I
Chlordimeform (99 50) 82 +20I Paradichlorober~ene 22 05
I Citral 18 l0
] Solvent AcetoneI y Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae S of each sex Time in hours at which maximum repellency was recordedJ
I
-70shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
- --
TABLE 2 REPELLFNCY OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS OOSAGES (SUBSTRATE = TAR PAPER)1I
Dosage Repellency Compound mgft2 _ Maximum ____Time(Hrs)y Solvent-----_
ENT 18486 1000 82 +20 Acetone
ENl 35700 1000 96 60
Nor-Am Chlordimeform (99JIo) 1000 64 +20
MGK Pyrethrins (20) 5 92 15
FMC 33297 (J 2 EC) 50 98 50
SBP 1382 (24) 50 98 60 TH 6040 (w 25) 50 30 25
CGA 18809 (978) 50 16 05 I --J I-- I CGA 18809 (50 ~w) 50 78 +20 H20 + Triton x 100
Sandoz Thurcide (16Bgal) 50 26 05
Abbott Dipel WP (726b IUlb) 50 18 05
11 Used 5 replicates of 10 larvae 5 of each sex y Time in hours at which maxirrmm repellency was recorded
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
TABLE 3 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING INCIDENCE OF GYPSY MOTH LIFE STAGES ON TAR PAPER TRAPS 197
Percentage of Reduction
Compound Dosage mgft2
Larvae (ths and 6ths) Pupae
Egg Masses
FJVIC 33297 50 88 91 95
Nor-Am Chlordimeform 1000 43 99 89
SBP 1382 50 22 70 43
MGK Pyrethrins 5 24 39 33
ENT 35700 1000 -28 -22 -9
Ent 18486 1000 6 -36 -126
-72shy
