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Not For Further Dissemination 1April 13, 2004
Verimatrix / SiemensWatermarking Technology
Application
A presentation to the CPTWG
Not For Further Dissemination 2April 13, 2004
Verimatrix in partnership with Siemens ICN is able to provide a video watermarking solution for the ‘analog hole’ based upon technology developed initially by the Fraunhofer Institute and licensed
by Verimatrix.
Not For Further Dissemination 3April 13, 2004
Applied to the Analog Hole, the solution is:
a novel video watermarking technology application
highly viable as a video watermark:
Invisible – conveys CCI
Extremely reliable and robust
Multi-layered for excellent security
Highly resistant against sophisticated attack.
Economic for inclusion in low-cost codec chips for CE and IT devices
Overview
Intended for use in broadcast, cable, Intended for use in broadcast, cable, satellite, and fixed media applicationssatellite, and fixed media applications
Not For Further Dissemination 4April 13, 2004
Platforms with Analog outputs
Device
Cable
Satellite
DVD Player
Internet
VCR
WM Detector
Analog Videowith Watermark
Digital Recorder
DVD R/RW
Copy rulesobeyedCopy rulesobeyed
Other A/D converters: DTV, PC, DVR, …
How it works
Analog
to
Digital
> >
WM Detector
Not For Further Dissemination 5April 13, 2004
State Action Redistribution
“Copy Never” Copy not allowed Not allowed
“Copy Once” One Copy allowed Not allowed
“Do Not Play” Copy not permitted, display only through theatrical projector
Not allowed
“Copy Freely” Encrypted copy allowed Not allowed
CCI Primary States
Not For Further Dissemination 6April 13, 2004
Intellectual Property
Patents:
– US: # 6,359,985 (with the priority date on Jun 16, 1995). This patent covers a set of digital watermarking methods, including a method for watermarking color or grayscale images or videos by slightly modifying coefficients in frequency representation (particularly in DCT domain) of digital data.
– Europe: EP 879535B1, DE 195 219 69 C1
– Pending in Japan, Canada, … (WO 97/00578 A1)
– Backed by Legal Opinions
Not For Further Dissemination 7April 13, 2004
Technical Information
Frequency-based (DCT-based) perceptual modeling for best invisibility
Tightly-bound with the content of digital data cannot be lifted
Securely embedded multiple layer security
Watermark survives all kinds of video processing typically used in a professional environment:
copying, editing, further compression stages,
logo insertion, or conversion to the analog domain,
discoverable in Digital to Digital transcoding.
Not For Further Dissemination 8April 13, 2004
MPEG Encoder Overview
Pre-processing
Input
Video
MotionEstimation
DCT QuantizationVariableLengthCoding
MPEG
Video
Output
Example of standard MPEG encoder
Not For Further Dissemination 9April 13, 2004
MPEG Encoder withWatermark Insertion
Pre-processing
Input
Video
MotionEstimation
DCT QuantizationVariableLengthCoding
MPEG
Video
Output
Example of standard MPEG encoder with Watermark Inserter
W E A M T BE ER DM D
A E R R
K
Not For Further Dissemination 10April 13, 2004
Position Sequence Generator
Watermark Embedding
System
Watermark Information (Payload)
Watermarked Data
OriginalData
Secret Key
Positions
Block-based DCT
Block-based IDCT
Watermark Embedding
Not For Further Dissemination 11April 13, 2004
Watermark insertionusing DCT coefficients
212 65 0 0 312 785 0 0
0 0 0 244 72 16 17 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
DCT Coefficients (post Quantization)
212 65 0 0 312 785 0 0
0 0 0 244 72 18 17 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
DCT Coefficients (post Watermarking)
From the input DCT coefficients the
Ratio of the highlighted DCT values will be
used to add a watermark bit
For the bit being added - that the ratio of the two DCT values must be set such that the first bit is larger than the second bit. Meaning the bit value of 16 must be changed to be larger than 17. Depending on the perceptual model the value 17 could have been changed to 15 to establish the correct ratio.
W E A M T BE ER DM D
A E R R
K
Not For Further Dissemination 12April 13, 2004
212 65 0 0 312 785 0 0
0 0 0 244 72 18 17 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
DCT Coefficients (post inverse quantization)
DETECTOR
Extracted watermark payload bits
is based on the ratio of the two highlighted
DCT coefficients
Watermark detectionusing DCT coefficients
Not For Further Dissemination 13April 13, 2004
MPEG Decoder Overview
VariableLength
Decoding
MPEG
Input
InverseQuantization
IDCTPost
ProcessingOutput
Video
Example of standard MPEG decoder
Not For Further Dissemination 14April 13, 2004
MPEG Decoder withWatermark Detector
VariableLength
Decoding
MPEG
InputInverse
QuantizationIDCT
PostProcessing
Output
Video
Example of standard MPEG decoder with Watermark Detector
W D A E T TE ER CM T A O
R R K
Not For Further Dissemination 15April 13, 2004
Feature Summary
Watermarking can occur in DCT-based compressed video (MPEG1, MPEG2, MPEG4, H.264, WM9, other)
Detection in both compressed or non-compressed video
Watermarking each frame (may partially watermark P- or B- frames if direct watermarking in compressed data required)
Support for all MPEG1 and MPEG2 profiles: MP@ML, 4:2:2P@ML, and MP@HL, other
The MPEG-2 video materials can be:
– long GOP or I-frame only
– variable (VBR) or constant (CBR) bit rates
– Program Streams or Transport Streams
– 16:9 and 4:3 aspect ratios supported
Not For Further Dissemination 16April 13, 2004
Feature Summary(cont.)
Very low false positive rate is achieved by aggregating watermark signals from video frames (in time domain)
Robust against, for example: D/A, A/D, and VHS conversion
Down to 200K bps Divx compression
Format conversion (PAL<->NTSC)
Scaling, shifting and cropping
Low-pass filtering
Noise addition
Invisibility: Passed several tests by professional independent
organizations
Not For Further Dissemination 17April 13, 2004
Feature Summary(cont.)
Any bit rates from 500 Kbps (MPEG-4) up to 50 Mbps (MPEG-2, 4:2:2 profile @ main level)
High Level coding capabilities (HD)
PAL and NTSC supported
Codec independent
Not For Further Dissemination 18April 13, 2004
“Tamper Proofing” Through Onion Skin “Peel-Away”
Watermark detectors look for one of several possible marks.
If one mark is compromised, detector can move to one of the alternate marks to restore usefulness.
Different marks could assert different codes.
Feature Summary(cont.)
Not For Further Dissemination 19April 13, 2004
CompetitiveAdvantages
Low Insertion Overhead: watermark embedding can be performed on compressed MPEG (in DCT domain); up to 10x real time can be achieved
Low-cost: both watermark embedding and detection can be implemented in chips very economically; DCT/IDCT processing circuitry is very well known in video industry.
* * * Efficient * * *: To change CCI bits, watermarking of analog video will require an MPEG Encode. Verimatrix DCT watermarking does not require MPEG encode.
Robust: watermark survives common video processing such as recompression (e.g. to 200kbps), A/D and D/A, cropping
Invisible: DCT-based perceptual model, works in HD
Anti-lift: watermarks can’t be lifted from one image to another
Anti-filtering: watermark cannot be removed by analog or digital filtering
Not For Further Dissemination 20April 13, 2004
Test Results
Successful Watermark Distortion Survivability:
Distortions:1. Interleave of 2 sources: 2 src files banded in avisynth (e and b)2. Rotation: Rotated 1 degree in vdub3. Cropping: cropped to remove traces of rotate4. Scaling: resize to 512 in vdub5. Compression: xvid encoding at 750kbps
Distortions:1. Interleave of 5 files: 5 src files banded in avisynth2. Low-pass filter: dctfilter in avisynth (1,1,1,.5,.5,0,0,0)3. Scaling: resize to 512 in vdub4. Compression: xvid encoding at 750kbps
More data to be made available soon…
Not For Further Dissemination 21April 13, 2004
Other attacks that the watermark will survive:
Aspect ratio changes
Cut several top/bottom lines
Divx conversion with cropping
Filtering
Averaging watermarked copies
Test Results (Cont.)
Not For Further Dissemination 22April 13, 2004
DevelopmentSchedules
Core product commercially viable now
ARDG Analysis Matrix available
Development for application to Analog Hole, first testable prototype scheduled July 2004. Testing with lab environment to begin early August
Chip development work, and improvements (enhancements) currently scheduled to meet goal of end of Summer 2004 for complete cycle
Closed Security Audit scheduled at end of cycle by third party auditing agency
Marks to be licensed for all business models
No royalties to be requested of CE and IT product implementers
25 Year Tariff lifetime
Full mark maintenance plan
Not For Further Dissemination 23April 13, 2004
Conclusion
Proven and available technology
Invisible and robust mark
Known use royalties for all models
Low cost detection - no MPEG encode needed
HD capable
Total dedication to maintaining the effectiveness of the mark
Not For Further Dissemination 24April 13, 2004
Presentation Addendum
Not For Further Dissemination 25April 13, 2004
DVD Authoring adding CCI information
Standard MPEGEncode
Processing
Input
Video
CCI WatermarkAdded to
Video
MPEG Video Output with
Embedded CCI
CCI Watermark information is added to video after standard MPEG Encoding Process.
The CCI Watermark can be added to any video before golden master is ready for DVD production, or master video is ready for distribution
Not For Further Dissemination 26April 13, 2004
False Detection Error Rate
System False Detection Rate can be predetermined using error detection and correction codes (CRCs, BCH, Turbocodes)
Detector can integrate watermark over several frames to build strength of watermark
False detection error rates of 10-5 to 10-9 can be achieved