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8/3/2019 Approach to Counselling
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BEHAVIORAL APPROACH
Behavioral Therapy is effective for individuals who
require treatment for some sort of behavior change, such
as addictions, phobias and anxiety disorders.
Based on the principle that behavior is learnt.
Therefore be unlearnt, or reconditioned.
Behavioral Therapy concentrates on the 'here and now'
without focusing on the past to find a reason for the
behavior.
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COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) combines cognitive and
behavioral therapies, and involves changing the way you think
(cognitive) and how you respond to these thoughts (behavior).
CBT focuses on the 'here and now' instead of focusing on the
cause of the issue, and breaks overwhelming problems into
smaller parts to make them easier to deal with.
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..CONTD
CBT is based on the principle that individuals learn unhelpful
ways of thinking and behaving over a long period of time.
CBT can be useful for dealing with issues such as:
anger
anxiety
depression
drug or alcohol problems
eating disorders obsessive-compulsive disorder
phobias
post-traumatic stress disorder
Sexual and relationship problems
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HUMANISTIC APPROACH
Humanistic therapy emerged in the 1950s
This approach focuses on recognizing human capabilities in areas such as
Creativity
personal growth and choice.
Two major theorists associated with this approach are Carl Rogers and
Abraham Maslow.
The main is to find out how individuals perceive themselves here and nowand to recognize growth, self-direction and responsibilities.
This method is optimistic and attempts to help individuals recognize their
strengths
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WHAT IS HUMANISTIC COUNSELLING
Humanistic approach provides them with an opportunity to
explore creativity, personal growth and self-development, as
well as acknowledging a variety of choices.
The foundations of the humanistic approach provide the client
with a deeper understanding of
who they are,
what they feel ,
the opportunity to explore the possibility of creating personal
choices.
It encourages self-awareness and self-realization.
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PERSON-CENTERED COUNSELLING (ROGERIAN}
COUNSELLING)
The counsellor or psychotherapist in this approach aims to
provide an environment in which the client does not feel under
threat or judgment.
This enables the client to experience and accept more of who
they are as a person, and reconnect with their own values and
sense of self-worth.
This reconnection with their inner resources enables them to
find their own way to move forward.
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GESTALT THERAPY
Gestalt Therapy focuses on the whole of an individual's
experience; their thoughts, feelings and actions.
Concentrates on the 'here and now' - what is happening from
one moment to the next.
Roughly translated from German, Gestalt means 'whole' and
was developed in the 1940's by Fritz Perls.
The main goal of this approach is for the individual to become
more self-aware, taking into account their mind, body and soul.
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TRANSACTION ANALYSIS Transactional Analysis was developed during the late 1950's by psychiatrist Eric
Berne.
Berne recognized three key ego-states - Parent, Adult and Child.
The Parent ego state is a set of thoughts, feelings and behaviors we leant from
our parents and other important people.
The Adult ego state relates to direct responses to the 'here and now' that are not
influenced by our past.
The Child ego state is a set of thoughts, feelings and behaviors learnt from our
childhood. Transactional Analysis seeks to identify what goes wrong in communication and
provide opportunities for individuals to change repetitive patterns that limit their
potential.
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EXISTENTIAL THERAPY
Focuses on exploring the meaning of certain issues
through a philosophical perspective, instead of a
technique-based approach.
It is appropriate for those wishing to increase their self-
awareness and broaden their views on their surrounding
world
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GOALS OF COUNSELLING
Goals of counseling in General:-
1. Providing the psychological support.
2. Adjustment and resource provision
3. Problem-solving and decision making.
4. Improving personal effectiveness,
5. Insight and understanding.
6. Self actualization
7. Achievement of positive mental heath.
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uCONTD
Remedial Goals (medical model) : goals of counselling are
not curative but foster improvement
Developmental Goals : focus on helping people acquire
psychological abilities and/or preventative
Ultimate Goals : outcomes desired and for whom
Mediating Goals :process oriented e.g. emphasis on
facilitating self-directedness
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ROLE OF A COUNSELLOR
A positive influencer
Enthusiastic
Caring
Supportive trusting
Focussed
Goal-oriented
Knowledgeable
Attentive
Clear and concise patient
Observing
Responsive
QUALITIIES
Empathy
Genuineness
Warmth
Concreteness
Sense of humor
Tragic sense
Self awareness