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B.A.Glowacki Bartek A. Glowacki
Reader in Applied Superconductivity
IRC in Superconductivity
&
Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE
Superconducting materials for electric power: cable, transformer, FCL
Superconductivity and the electricity supply industries27th November 2003, London
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Market and material projections: (a) Price/performance of NbTi, Bi2223 and YBCO conductors versus years; (b) Projections of the LTS and HTS market which is sheared between electronics, power, industrial processing, medical care and transportation. 1995 estimation conducted at International Superconductivity Industry Summit, Yamanashi 1996, numbers corrected according to data in early 2003 (solid lines). Corrected projection conducted at Cambridge University in 2003. •Military use of expensive Coated Conductors is different from civilian market. •Development of YBCO coated conductor is a technology driver, not a Cu or Fe replacement.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
1996 HTS prediction2003 HTS prediction1996 LTS prediction2003 LTS prediction
Billi
ons
$
Years
Predicted in 1995 cross over between HTS and LTS
1. LTS & HTS market prediction
0.1
1
10
100
1000
104
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
NbTi (multi)Bi2223 (multi)YBCO (cc)Nb3Sn (multi)N3Al (multi)
$/kAm
years
2003
B.A.Glowacki, Cambridge
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Current x length prediction vs time? LTS or HTS or MTS ?
Projections of the LTS and HTS market which is sheared between: electronics, power, industrial processing, medical care and transportation. 1996 estimation conducted at International Superconductivity Industry Summit, Yamanashi 1996, numbers corrected according to data in early 2003 (solid lines).
TODAY
Conductor technology
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
1996 HTS prediction2003 HTS prediction1996 LTS prediction2003 LTS prediction
Billio
ns $
Years
Predicted in 1995 cross over between HTS and LTS
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1. LTS Jc vs B
Transport critical current density vs magnetic field:
(a) low temperature superconductors and MgB2
(b) Low temperature superconductors Nb-Al.
(a) (b)
103
104
105
106
107
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Nb3(Al) Resistive heating Nb3(Al) Resistive heating + 700oC/48h Nb3(Al) Electron beam + 700oC/48h Nb3(Al) Solid state diffusion Nb3(Al,Ge)-E.B.+700oC/100h Nb3(Al,Ge)-Sigma phase+700oC/100hNb3(Al,Ge) -LQ(bcc->A15) + 820oC/100hNb3(Al0.8,Ge0.2) RHQT Nb3Al RHQT
Tran
sport
cri
tica
l cu
rren
t d
ensi
ty,
Jc (
Acm
-2)
Magnetic Field, oH (T)
103
104
105
106
107
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
MgB2 Fe-sintered MgB2/YSZ/HaselloyNbTiNb3Sn VAC(Pb,Sn)Mo6S8(Nb,Ta)6Sn5 + Nb4at%Ta Nb3Ga RQNb3Ga RQ 5.9 Jmm-3/650C/200hNb3(Al,Ge)-Sigma phase+700oC/100h
Tra
nspo
rt J
c (A
cm-2
)
Magnetic field (T)
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MRI
NMR
Nb-TiCu
Cu
Nb3Sn
NbTi
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Qui ckTi me™ and aDV - PAL decompressor
are needed to see thi s pi cture.
LTS generators and cables
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Performance of LTc, MTc and HTc Superconducting conductors
103
104
105
10 6
10 7
0 2 4 6 8 10
YBCO YBCOTl1223Tl1223Bi2223Bi2223
Tran
sport
J c
(A
cm-2)
Magnetic Field, oH (T)
103
10 4
10 5
10 6
10 7
0 5 10 15 20 25
MgB2 Fe-sintered MgB2/YSZ/HaselloyNbTiNb3Sn VAC(Nb,Ti)3Sn s.s.d(Nb,Ta)6Sn5 + Nb4at%Ta Nb3Ga as quenchedNb3Ga-1fil./Q+650oC, 200h(Pb,Sn)Mo6S8
Tran
spor
t crit
ical
cur
rent
den
sity
, J
c
[Acm
-2]
Magnetic filed, oH [T]
Transport critical current density vs magnetic field: (a) low and medium temperature superconductors 1, (b) high temperature superconductors.
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Applications
Qui ckTi me™ and aDV - PAL decompressor
are needed to see thi s pi cture.
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B.A.Glowacki
104
105
106
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
YBCO @ 75KBSCCO @ 4.2KBSCCO @ 20KBSCCO @ 77KMgB2 @ 4.2KMgB2 @ 20K
Tran
spo
rt c
riti
cal
curr
en
t d
en
sity
Jc
(Acm
-2)
Magnetic field oH (Tesla)
MOTOR
CABLE
Ta 2-10 wt.% ex-situ and in -situ bulks; high-pressure synthesis. @ 20K
APPLICATIONS
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Compositional Applicability of YBaCuO conductors and bulk
materials
Contour lines of Tc, Jc and normalised diamagnetic signal intensity on the fragment of the Y2BaCuO5-BaCu2-CuO phase diagram marked in
(a) critical temperature Tc (K);
(b) critical current density Jc (Acm-2) at 77K and 0 Tesla;
(c) normalised diamagnetic signal intensity.
Purification of the Grain Boundaries by excess of Y (red dot)
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REBa2Cu3O7 Coated Conductor R&D