APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTALMICROBIOLOGYVOLUME 36 * NUMBER 6 * DECEMBER 1978

EDITORIAL BOARDMARVIN P. BRYANT, Editor-in-Chief (1981)

University of Illinois, Urbana

R. H. DEIBEL, Editor (1981)University of Wisconsin, Madison

A. L. DEMAIN, Editor (1981)Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge

MARTIN S. FAVERO, Editor (1980)Centerfor Disease Control, Phoenix, Ariz.JAMES M. TIEDJE, Editor (1979)

Michigan State University, East Lansing

Bernard J. Abbott (1980)Martin Alexander (1980)Milton J. Allison (1980)Ronald Atlas (1980)Richard Bartha (1979)Robert T. Belly (1978)Joan W. Bennett (1981)Martha D. Berliner (1980)Jerome Birnbaum (1979)Thomas L. Bott (1980)Charles Boylen (1979)Thomas Brock (1980)Lee A. Bulla, Jr. (1980)Lloyd B. Bullerman (1980)Victor Cabelli (1979)Paul E. Came (1979)William R. Chesbro (1979)Tom D. Y. Chin (1980)Alex Ciegler (1980)Richard T. J. Clarke (1981)Rita R. Colwell (1980)Richard A. Consigli (1979)Charles Cooney (1979)Joseph J. Cooney (1980)Jacob A. Donkersloot (1979)Steven W. Drew (1981)Charles L. Duncan (1979)

Richard Elander (1979)Beatrice England (1980)Jerald C. Ensign (1980)Carl B. Fliermans (1978)Heinz G. Floss (1980)Dennis Focht (1979)Edwin E. Geldreich (1979)John M. Goepfert (1979)Richard E. Goldstrand (1979)Reinaldo F. Gomez (1979)Bruce Hamilton (1981)Robert D. Hamilton (1979)Richard S. Hanson (1978)Paul A. Hartman (1980)Melvin T. Hatch (1978)Charles W. Hendricks (1980)Robert B. Hespell (1980)Lillian V. Holdeman (1979)David H. Hubbell (1978)John J. landolo (1980)M. B. Ingle (1979)Holger W. Jannasch (1978)Edward Katz (1979)Donald A. Klein (1978)Michael J. Klug (1980)Roger Knowles (1979)Paul Lemke (1979)Carol Litchfield (1980)

Joseph L. Melnick (1980)Thomas L. Miller (1979)Claude H. Nash (1981)Eldor A. Paul (1980)W. J. Payne (1979)C. A. Reddy (1979)Antonio H. Romano (1980)Dwayne Savage (1979)Oldrich K. Sebek (1980)John McN. Sieburth (1978)Anthony J. Sinskey (1979)Peter Skaliy (1978)William H. Sperber (1980)James T. Staley (1980)Mortimer P. Starr (1978)Jon H. Tuttle (1980)Carl Vanderzant (1979)Donald Vesley (1978)Claude Vezina (1979)D. 1. C. Wang (1978)William J. Wiebe (1980)Fred D. Williams (1980)R. P. Williams (1978)G. N. Wogan (1980)Alan G. Wolin (1980)Meyer J. Wolin (1979)William Yotis (1979)

Robert A. Day, Managing EditorGisella Pollock, Assistant Managing Editor

Cheryl Cross, Production Editor1913 1 St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 20006

EX OFFICIOEdwin H. Lennette, President (1978-1979)

J. Mehsen Joseph, Secretary

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, a publication of theAmerican Society for Microbiology, 1913 I St., N.W., Washing-ton, D.C. 20006, is devoted to the advancement and dissemina-tion of applied knowledge as well as ecological knowledge, bothapplied and fundamental, concerning microorganisms. Instruc-tions to Authors are published in the January issue each year.Applied and Environmental Microbiology is published monthly,two volumes per year. The nonmember subscription price is $70per year. The member subscription price is S16 per year. Singlecopies are $6.00. Correspondence relating to subscriptions, non-receipt ofjournals, reprints, defective copies, availability of backissues, and lost or late proofs should be directed to the ASMPublications Office, 1913 1 St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006(area 202-833-9680).

Second-class postage paid at Washington, D.C. 20006, and at

Willis A. Wood, President-Elect (1978-1979)Brinton M. Miller, Treasurer

additional mailing offices. Made in the United States of America.Copyright © 1978, American Society for Microbiology.All Rights Reserved.

The code at the top of the tirst page of an article in this journalindicates the copyright owner's consent that copies of the articlemay be made for personal use, or for personal use of specificclients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that thecopier pay the stated per-copy fee through the Copyright Clear-ance Center. Inc.. P.O. Box 765. Schenectady. New York 12301.for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of theU.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to other kindsof copying. such as copying for general distribution, for advertis-ing or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works,or for resale.

Author IndexAgureo, Sonia M., 839Arny, D. C., 831Ashley, Carol S., 889, 898

Babich, H., 906Ball, L., 959Becker-Birck, Jenny, 926Berg, Gerald, 880Berman, Donald, 880Bitton, Gabriel, 982Bjorklund, N.-E., 920Bothast, R. J., 885Brown, Gerald A., 880Burbridge, K. A., 885

Caldwell, Bruce A., 979Carlsson, B., 920Carlton, William W., 819Carpenter, M. R., 802Carson, Loretta A., 839Chet, Ilan, 847Ciegler, A., 885Cullimore, D. R., 959

Dahling, Daniel R., 880Dehority, Burk A., 953Dietz, Allan S., 966Dudas, Istvan, 962

Edmonds, Robert L., 972Ewetz, L., 790

Fan, F. F., 814Farrah, Samuel R., 982Fattal, B., 824Favero, Martin S., 839

Goldberg, D., 824Gross, D. C., 936

Harrison, Arthur P., Jr., 861Hokby, E., 920Hong, Soobok, 819Hult, K., 920

Iturriaga, Rodolfo, 926

Jarvis, Audrey W., 785Jensen, A. H., 885Jurasek, L., 802

Katzenelson, E., 824Konowalchuk, J., 798Kuykendall, L. David, 915

Larsen, L. D., 944Lewis, Michael J., 851Lindow, S. E., 831Littke, Willis, 972

McKay, L. L., 944Mah, Robert A., 870Mattos, Wilson R. S., 953Mitchell, Ralph, 847Monti-Bragadin, C., 794

Orellana, R. G., 814

Paice, M. G., 802Palumbo, S. A., 857Parker, J. H., 969Patel, Purushottam C., 851

Petersen, Norman J., 839

Quatrano, Ralph S., 979

Richards, Gary P., 975Robbers, James E., 819Rogers, R. F., 885Rutqvist, L., 920

Sadovski, A. Y., 824Sharpe, Anthony N., 962Shuval, H. I., 824Sjoblad, Roy D., 847Smilie, L. B., 802Smith, J. L., 857Smith, Michael R., 870S0rensen, Jan, 809Speirs, J. I., 798Stotzky, G., 906

Thore, A., 790Tuite, John, 819

Upper, C. D., 831

Venturini, Sandra, 794Vesonder, R. F., 885Vidaver, A. K., 936

Ward, Richard L., 889, 898Weber, Deane F., 915

Yayanos, A. Aristides, 966

Zimmermann, Reinhard, 926

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The following have served as invited special reviewers for the Journal during 1978, and their help

is greatly appreciated.

Danny E. AkinBruce N. AmesThomas BauchopPaul BaumannMerlin S. BergdollMichael BetlachB. Ben BohloolJean-Marc BollagWalter W. Bond"David BooneDan BotkinJack BremnerJohn BreznakCorale L. BrierleyWinston J. BrillThomas D. BrockRobert BrubakerMary K. BruchWilliam BrullaJoe C. BurtonSheril D. BurtonPhillip CarlLoretta A. CarsonGlenn H. ChamblissVincent P. CirilloRichard T. J. ClarkeDean 0. CliverSidney CohenG. S. ColemanJohn W. CostertonTom CornerDonald C. CoxDon L. CrawfordCharles CressRobert DarrowFrank B. DazzoBurk A. DehorityJohn W. DoranGordon R. DreesmanSteven W. DrewPatrick R. DuganMercedes EdwardsBoyd EllisJames G. FerryHoward A. FieldsWilliam FinnertyMelvin S. FinsteinMary FirestoneRick FirestoneRolf G. FreterIrwin Fridovich

Charles GerbaRuth GordonDavid GottliebAllan HabermanBruce K. HamiltonPat HamiltonFranklin HaroldL. HarounJ. Woodland HastingsA. Wallace HaysRobert HespellDonald HewsonCalvin HiggensW. Fred HinkJohn C. HoffDavid HopwoodR. E. HungateSeymour H. HutnerPhillip B. HylemonEugene L. IannottiDonovan JohnsonD. M. KarlHenry KasparDennis KeeneyGary KingWesley E. KloosJordan KoniskyPatrick J. KonkelAnita KoupalLawrence R. KoupalMalcolm LathamJames M. LeatherwoodRichard LechowichErwin LesselJames A. LippincottJohn LockwoodJack P. LondonR. LonginPerry McCartyMichael J. McInerneyLarry L. McKayRobert A. MacleodRobert MahLeroy R. MakiGeorge MallisonKarl MaramoroschRobert E. MarquisF. MatsumaraKristien MertelmansSally A. MeyerTerry L. Miller

Clifford S. MintzRalph MitchellRichard MoritaLawrence K. NakamuraClaude H. NashC. F. Niven, Jr.George OrdalPeter A. PatteeRonald PearlmanJerome J. PerryNorman J. PetersenIrving PflugHerman J. PhaffDonald PhillipsGrace L. PiccioloRaoul F. ReiserG. Yull RheeJ. W. N. RuddAbigail SalyersPasquale V. ScarpinoEdward J. SchantzEdwin L. SchmidtKarel SchubertDavid M. SedlockA. ShinmyoVincent F. SimmonE. Ruth SimmonsPaul H. SmithScott SmithRichard StaplesA. StarkStanley E. Stevens, Jr.Guenther StotzkyH. SugiyamaDavid TaplinHoward M. TeminJohn A. TrollerBonnie TylerEdward VossGraham WalkerStanley W. WatsonLawrence G. WayneArthur WellingerD. T. WicklowWilliam J. WiebeT. M. WoodRichard T. WrightJan ZeevaartAlexander ZehnderDave Zuberer

1979 Full Membership-American Society for Microbiology

1913 I St., NW, Washington, DC 20006

The Society welcomes to full membership any person who is interested in its objects, and who holds a bachelor'sdegree in microbiology or a related field (or who has had training and experience equivalent to that represented by abachelor's degree).The minimum annual membership assessment is $28 which includes a $3 membership fee, $4 for subscription to

ASM News, and $21 toward subscriptions to the Society's scientific journals. The Society publishes eight scientificjournals (listed below). Members may subscribe to one or more of these journals at special member rates; $21 of theminimum dues payment of $28 may be credited towards journal subscriptions. In addition, the Society publishes themonthly ASM News, which is sent to all members and contains news and announcements of interest to all microbiologists.Memberships are initiated and renewed as of 1 January each year. Unless there are directions to the contrary, member-

ship nominations received prior to 1 November will be credited to the current year, and back issues of the selectedpublications for the current year will be furnished if available. Nominations received after 1 November will becomeeffective on the following 1 January.

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I. 1. Membership Fee ($3.00) and ASM News ($4.00)................................................ $7.002. Additional journals may be subscribed to at the following rates. Please enter the

higher rate (column B) if you reside outside the U.S. and its possessions.

A BZ E

Journal of Bacteriology (JB) .......... .................................. 1. $22 $30Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (AAC)............................ 2. $16 $19

Applied and Environmental Microbiology (AEM)........................... 3. $17 $22International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology (IJSB)....................... 4. $15 $15

Journal of Virology (JVI).............................................. 5. $21 $26Journal of Clinical Microbiology (JCM)................................... 6. $16 $19

Microbiological Reviews (MR).......................................... 7. $9 $10Infection and Immunity (IAI)........................................... 9. $21 $26

3. Total dues and journals from lines 1 and 2 (MINIMUM PAYMENT $28) -.........II E1 Check this block if you prefer to receive only ASM News and remit $28.

RATES ARE FOR 1979 ONLYPlease enclose payment with application.

1979 Student MembershipAmerican Society for Microbiology

1913 I St., NW, Washington, DC 20006

Any regularly matriculated student major in microbiology or a related field is eligible for election as a Student Member.Student Members have all privileges of membership except the right to vote and hold office in the Society.

Student Members receive the monthly ASM News and are entitled to subscribe to the Society's journals at memberrates.Memberships are initiated and nenewed as of 1 January each year. Unless there are directions to the contrary, membership

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Signature of Nominee

Signature of chairman of major dept.

* Nominated by: (1)

(Society members) (2)

* If the department chairman is a member of the Society, only one additional nominating signature is required.

1. 1979 Dues (includes ASM News)............................................................ $2.50

2. Additional journals may be subscribed to at the following rates. Please enter thehigher rate (column B) if you reside outside the U.S. and its possessions.

Journal of Bacteriology (JB)............................................Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (AAC)...........................Applied and Environmental Microbiology (AEM)..........................International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology (IJSB)......................Journal of Virology (JVI).............................................Journal of Clinical Microbiology (JCM)..................................Microbiological Reviews (MR).........................................Infection and Immunity (IAI)..........................................

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A B1. $22 $30

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RATES ARE FOR 1979 ONLY

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ASm Conference onRquatic microbial Ecology

Clearwater Beach, Florida7-1 0 February 1979

An ASM Conference will be held 7-10 February 1979 to cover the subject of aquaticmicrobial ecology, including basic principles, methods and applications to problemsof pollution, to develop strategies and outline methods for microbial ecology thatwould be suitable for large scale studies designed to evaluate environmental impactof activities such as the Outer Continental Shelf exploration for gas and oil andsimilar projects. Another focus of the Conference will be on how microbialecologists can be incorporated into "disaster task forces" for advice, counsel andassistance in crises such as oil spills, eutrophy, anoxia,or related events portendingpotentially serious environmental impact.Many activities are carried out that should be based on microbiological infor-

mation; for example, mining of manganese nodules in the open ocean, dumpingwastewater sludge, releasing effluent from chemical industries, dumping of cellardirt and construction spoils, etc. The effects at the microbiological level can beimmediate and serious, yet the principles, methods and procedures of microbialecology have not been treated in sufficient detail to provide a means for evaluatingenvironmental effects at the microbiological level.The Conference will be directed to the microbial ecologist working in the aquatic

environment, both freshwater and marine and also to individuals interested ininteraction between pollutants and microbial activities in natural waters. The func-tioning of natural systems and the measurement of known or potential effectsand the ability of the microbial system to respond, or assimilate, to allochthonousmaterial will be examined by participants at the Conference. A workshop formatwill be followed with invited speakers for each session.

The following sessions have been organized:1. Effects of Environmental Stress on Microorganisms.2. Effects of Microorganisms on Environmental Processes.3. Microbiological Methods in Environmental Assessment.4. Biogeochemistry of the Aquatic Environment.5. Microbial Indicators of Environmental Quality.

The Organizing Committee is Rita R. Colwell (Chairman), Martin Alexander,John W. Costerton, Joan Foster, Holger Jannasch, Carol D. Litchfield,Ralph Mitchell, and James T. Staley.The Final Program, and preregistration and hotel reservation forms areavailable from the Executive Secretary, ASM, 1913 I Street, NW,Washington, D C 20006.

AUTHOR INDEX

VOLUME 36

Aalund, O., 720Agureo, Sonia M., 839Akin, Danny E., 513Albanese, Ernest, 25Alexander, Martin, 668Amos, Henry E., 513Ang, Barbara J., 625Amy, D. C., 831Ashley, Carol S., 198, 889, 898

Babich, H., 906Bacon, J. S. D., 160Bagley, Susan T., 178, 536Bailey, James E., 615Baldwin, J. N., 368Baldwin, K. A., 360Baldwin, R. L., 319Balish, Edward, 144Ball, L., 959Baranosky, L. J., 47Bardell, D., 774Baresi, Larry, 186Barles, Robert W., 776Baross, John A., 492, 500Barrett, James T., 306Beckwith, C. A., 47Becker-Birck, Jenny, 926Bednarski, Mary Ann, 115Belser, L. W., 584, 589Berg, Gerald, 880Bergdoll, Merlin S., 421Bergstrom, S. L., 473Berman, Donald, 880Bezdicek, D. F., 780Bills, D. D., 620Bitton, Gabriel, 982Bjorklund, N.-E., 920Bothast, R. J., 885Bott, Thomas L., 673Brierley, James A., 523Brinkley, A. W., 530Brock, Thomas D., 572Brockett, R. M., 243Brodsky, M. H., 36Brown, Gerald A., 880Brown, James F., 144Brown, Martha, 31Buchi, G., 412Burbridge, K. A., 533, 885

Calder6n, I. L., 639Caldwell, Bruce A., 979Campbell, Benedict J., 306Carlsson, B., 920Carlsson, Jan, 223Carlton, William W., 819Carpenter, M. R., 802Carrick, Robert J., 121

Carson, Loretta A., 839Cerda-Olmedo, E., 639Chet, Ilan, 847Chin, David, 776Ciebin, B. W., 36Ciegler, A., 408, 533, 613, 885Ciegler, J., 533Claridge, C. A., 63Cliver, Dean O., 68Cook, Alasdair M., 668Cornell, J. H., 693Crawford, Allan M., 18Crawford, Ronald L., 539Cullimore, D. R., 959

Dahl, M. C., 47Dahling, Daniel R., 880Daud, H. B., 650Daughton, Christian G., 668David, Carol Ann, 291Debeaupuis, J. P., 8Dehority, Burk A., 953Deibel, R. H., 567Delihas, N. C., 47Demain, A. L., 412Dietz, Allan S., 966Dinsdale, D., 160Diotte, Marcel P., 76Dockins, William S., 341Dodd, David J., 627Doddema, Hans J., 752Dudas, Istvan, 76, 962du Moulin, Gary C., 771

Eagon, R. G., 257Edmonds, Robert L., 972Emborg, C., 618Endo, Akira, 237Enevold, Karl C., 776Eriksen, W. H., 618Erickson, J. E., 567Esch, Gerald W., 731Ewetz, L., 790Eylan, E., 397

Fan, F. F., 814Fan, P. L., 549Farrah, Samuel R., 81, 982Fattal, B., 824Faulkner, Peter, 18, 31Favero, Martin S., 839Ferchak, John D., 606Ferguson, J. K., 243Finke, Linda R., 129Fischer, J. R., 555Francis, G. L., 643Fliermans, Carl B., 731, 739Freischel, Michael R., 394

i

Gallili, G. E., 213Gauthier, Christine A., 457Gawthorne, J. M., 643Gazit, A., 377Gerba, C. P., 247Gerba, Charles P., 81Geier, Mark R., 445Gilbert, Maureen F., 615Gleason, Dave, 705Goldberg, D., 824Giles, Janis, 465Gill, C. O., 356, 375Gombas, David E., 403Gomez, Reinaldo F., 403Grant, G. A., 43Grau, Frederick H., 230Gross, D. C., 936

Hagerdal, Barbel G. R., 606Hald, B., 720Hamada, Sukekazu, 314Han, Y. W., 43Hanson, R. S., 105Harrison, Arthur P., Jr., 861Harrison, Susan J., 710Hayashi, Emiko, 264Hazen, Terry C., 731Henney, M. R., 243Hentges, David J., 306Hesseltine, C. W., 533Hickey, C. S., 210Hirsch, Robert P., 731Hirt, William, 56Hitokoto, Hiroshi, 252Ho, Helen H., 480Hokby, E., 920Holmes, Paul, 394Hong, Soobok, 819Hsieh, F.-H., 284Huhtanen, C. N., 620Hult, K., 920Hurst, Christon J., 81

Iandolo, John J., 389lannotti, E. L., 555Ikeda, M., 487Ishiguro, Naotaka, 217Ishii, Takahiko, 381Isquith, A. J., 700Israilides, C. J., 43Iturriaga, Rodolfo, 926Ivey, F. J., 210

Jackson, L. K., 408Jarvis, Audrey W., 785Jeffries, T. W., 594Jensen, A. H., 885Jensen, Harold R., 121

ii AUTHOR INDEX

Johnston, W. M., 549Jurasek, L., 802

Kafkewitz, David, 25Kalmakoff, James, 18Kaneko, Ken-ichi, 314Kaplan, A. M., 693Kaplan, Isaac R., 186Karl, D. M., 349Kasai, Yumi, 314Kaspar, Heinrich F., 1Kasweck, K. L., 739Kato, Elichi, 314Katzenelson, E., 824Kawai, Yasuo, 381Kelch, W. J., 450Khan, S. N., 270Kikuchi, Masakazu, 52Kobbe, B., 412Konopka, Allan, 572Konowalchuk, J., 798Krug, Elizabeth, 56Kuhn, Inger, 688Kurata, Hiroshi, 252Kuydendall, L. David, 915

Lafont, P., 8Lance, J. C., 247Landry, E. F., 47Landry, Edward F., 544Lapen, R. F., 95Larkin, Edward P., 432Larkin, John M., 755Larsen, L. D., 944Lee, J. S., 450Leistner, L., 377Lennette, Edwin H., 480Lewis, A. R., 715Lewis, Michael J., 851Lillehoj, E. B., 720Lim, Henry C., 56Lindow, S. E., 831Liston, John, 492, 500Littke, Willis, 972L6pez-Diaz, I., 639Losikoff, Mary E., 386Lotter, L. P., 377

McCollum, C. J., 700McFeters, Gordon A., 341McKay, L. L., 360, 944McMeekin, T. A., 650MacMillan, J. D., 594McQuitty, Donald N., 615Maggon, K. K., 270Mah, Robert A., 186, 870Mahler, R. L., 780Mann, J. W., 594Marbach, A., 169Mateles, R. I., 213Matsuo, K., 412Mattos, Wilson R. S., 953Melnick, Joseph L., 81Merril, C. R., 445Meyer-Reil, Lutz-Arend, 506

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

Michaud, Gregory L., 76Miller, Barbara A., 421Miller, Robert V., 724Mislivec, Philip B., 552Mitchell, Ralph, 847Moats, W. A., 747Monti-Bragadin, C., 794Moo-Young, M., 284Morita, Richard Y., 492, 500Morotomi, Masami, 381Morozumi, Satoshi, 252, 577Morris, E. Jane, 160Morrison, W. D., 724Morrow, Jan E., 178Mott, G. E., 530Mrsny, Randall J., 776Murillo, F. J., 639Mutai, Masahiko, 381

Nakazawa, Teruko, 264Newton, K. G., 375Nickerson, Kenneth W., 625Nottingham, P. M., 356Nyberg, Goran, 223

Oberkotter, Linda V., 205O'Brien, W. J., 549Ohta, Y., 487Oka, Chiaki, 217Olley, June, 650Olson, Betty H., 438Olson, Patricia Perkins, 539Orellana, R. G., 814Osman, S. F., 260Oxborrow, G. S., 473

Pacha, R. E., 95Paice, M. G., 802Palumbo, S. A., 857Pamment, N., 284Papoutsakis, Eleftherios, 56Parker, J. H., 969Patel, Purushottam C., 851Peeler, J. T., 473Penney, N., 356Perlman, D., 52Perry, Albert, 526Petersen, Norman J., 839Peterson, R. E., 613Pflug, Irving J., 457Port, Jennifer, 465Presswood, William G., 90Prince, Herbert N., 392Puleo, J. R., 473Pye, E. Kendall, 606

Quatrano, Ralph S., 979

Rake, Barbara W., 278Reichgott. Michael, 662Reiser, Raoul F., 421Reisner, Gerald S., 384Reporter, Minocher, 115Richards, Gary P., 975Riggs, John L., 480

Robach, M. C., 210Robbers, James E., 819Robertson, John H., 705Robinson, C. W., 284Robinson, Orson R., Jr., 526Rogenmuser, Kurt, 673Rogers, R. F., 885Rolfe, Rial D., 306Romero, P., 257Rosenberg, Fred A., 205Rowe, J. J., 257Rubin, Howard E., 623Russell, James B., 319Rutqvist, L., 920

Sadovski, A. Y., 824Sakai, Senzo, 252Salo, Richard J., 68Sato, Gihei, 217Sattar, Syed A., 427Sayler, G. S., 724Schiemann, D. A., 274Schmidt, E. L., 584, 589Schmidt, Nathalie J., 480Schmitz, Henry, 63Seeley, H. W., Jr., 129Seidler, Ramon J., 178, 536Shafer, William M., 389Sharpe, Anthony N., 76, 962Shibley, George P., 526Shilo, M., 169Shuval, H. I., 824Sievers, D. M., 555Sjoblad, Roy D., 847Smillie, L. B., 802Smith, Geraldine M., 457Smith, J. L., 857Smith, Michael R., 870Sobsey, Mark D., 121Soderhall, Kenneth, 655S0rensen, Jan, 139, 809Spanier, J., 465Speirs, J. I., 798Spoelstra, Sierk F., 631Stack, Michael E., 552Stanbro, Helen, 445Stark, A. A., 412Sterpu, Ion, 201Stevenson, L. Harold, 662Stinson, E. E., 620Storer, G. B., 643Stottmeier, Kurt D., 771Stotzky, G., 906Strayer, Richard F., 330Strohl, William R., 755Strong, Diane K., 90Stutzenberger, Fred, 201Svensson, Ebbe, 655

Takiguchi, Yo, 658Talbot, Henry W., Jr., 178Terao, Michiya, 658Thayer, D. W., 291Thomas, Bruce R., 776Thomas, McHarrell Z., 544

VOL. 36, 1978

Thomason, Berenice M., 627Thore, A., 790Tiedje, James M., 330Tierney, John T., 432Timoney, John F., 465Totten, P. A., 368Tsao, G. T., 56Tsuji, Kiyoshi, 705, 710, 715Tsujita, Yoshio, 237Tuite, John, 819

Unestam, Torgny, 655Upper, C. D., 831

Varness, Kevin J., 95Varon, M., 11

AUTHOR INDEX

Vaughn, J. M., 47Vaughn, James M., 544Venkitasubramanian, T. A., 270Venturini, Sandra, 794Vesonder, R. F., 885Vicale, Thomas J., 544Vidaver, A. K., 936Vogels, Godfried D., 752

Walker, M. C., 549Ward, David M., 186Ward, Richard L., 198, 889, 898Wauke, Tomoaki, 252Weber, Deane F., 915Wendt, T. M., 693Westwood, J. C. N., 427

Wheelis, Mark L., 776Wilkins, Judd R., 683Williams, D. R., 257Wilson, C. R., 368Wogan, G. N., 412Wolf, H. J., 105Wrethen, Jan, 223Wright, Richard T., 297Wuhrmann, Karl, 1

Yagen, B., 213Yaniv, A., 397Yayanos, A. Aristides, 966Yoshikawa, Hiroji, 658

Zeigler, B. P., 11Zimmermann, Reinhard, 926

*m

SUBJECT INDEX

VOLUME 36

Acetate enrichmenteffect of methanogenic substrates and inhibitors,

186Acetylene inhibition technique

denitrification rates in marine sediment, 139Acetylene reduction

by epiphytes of freshwater macrophytes, 129Acinetobacter calcoaceticus

anguidine, microbiological transformations, 63Actinomycetes

deodorization of pig feces, 487Adenovirus type 5

infectivity titers after exposure to cigarette smoke,774

Aeromonas hydrophilaprevalence and distribution in the U.S., 731

Aerosols, coliformfrom dewatered sewage surface, 972

Aflatoxin biosynthesisinhibition by tolnaftate, 270

Agar plating mediacomparison, 747salmonellae isolation, 747with and without novobiocin, 747

Alcohol dehydrogenaseM. organophilum, 105

Algaeeffects of water extracts of oil, 673

Algae, red and brownisolation of a unique marine bacterium, 979

Alkaline phosphatase, mucosalgastrointestinal flora in rats, 381

Alternaria alternataproduction of alternariol and alternariol mono-methyl ether, 655

Alternariol monomethyl ether productionin A. alternata, 655inhibition by light, 655

Alternariol productionin A. alternata, 655inhibition by light, 655

Ammoniaeffect on poliovirus, 198

Ammonia-oxidizing nitrifier population, soildiversity, 584, 589

Anaerobic bacteriacharacterization of genera in baboon feces, 530

Antibiotic resistancegram-negative bacteria from waterways, 450variation in patterns, 450sediment flora of New York Bight, 465

Apple beveragesantiviral effect, 798

Apple juicealcoholic fermentation, 620patulin, 620

Aquatic bacteriatotal and number involved in respiration, 926

Aquatic habitats, U.S.A. hydrophila prevalence, 731

Ascorbic acideffect on enteroviruses, 68

Asparaginase productionby V. succinogenes, 25medium composition, 25

Aspergillusxanthomegnin and viomellein, 819

Aspergillus fumigatus Fresfumitoxins, 8

Aspergillus ochraceusxanthomegnin and viomellein production, 552

Aspergillus oryzaeinternal acid protease, 237

Aspergillus parasiticusaflatoxin biosynthesis, 270

Aspergillus speciesochratoxin A production, 720prevalence during Skylab missions, 243

Autoradiography/epifluorescence microscopynumber and spectrum of actively metabolizing bac-

teria, 506

Baboonsanaerobic fecal bacteria, 530

Bacillus cereuseffect of hydrostatic tensile stress on growth, 549

Bacillus pumilus sporesD-values on irradiated devices, 392

Bacillus thuringiensisprotein crystal, 625zonal gradient centrifugation, 625

Bacillus thuringiensis sporesheat resistance, 457suspended in parenteral solutions, 457

Bacteriocin productionby R. japonicum, 936by slow-growing rhizobia, 936

Bacteriophage susceptibility patternsV. parahaemolyticus and agar-digesting vibrios, 500

Baculovirusessolid-phase RIAs, comparison, 18

BALB/c nude micegastrointestinal microecology, 144

Bdellovibriopredator-prey interaction, 11

Bdellovibrios, marinedependence on K+, Ca2> and Mg2+ ions, 169

Bean yellow mosaic virusP. uulgaris nodule infection, 814

Beef brothC. botulinum toxin, 386

Beef extractiv

VOL. 36, 1978

efficiency for virus recovery, 544Beggiatoa

characterization, 755from freshwater sediments, 755MPN enumeration method, 755selective growth inhibition by nucleosides, 658

Biological safety cabinetcrossdraft influence, 278personnel and product protection, 278

Blue-green algae (see Cyanobacteria)Broth mediaH202 and superoxide radical formation, 223

Carcass sterilitymicrobial invasion from the intestine after death,

356Carcinogen detectionDNA polymerase I-deficient E. coli, 794

Carotenesuperproduction by Phycomyces strains, 639

Catabolite regulationin rumen bacteria, 319

Cation requirementsmarine bdellovibrios, 169

Cell culture systemscomparison, 480virus recovery from wastewaters, 480

Cellulase productioneffect of municipal refuse metals, 201T. curvata, 201

Cellulasesactivity, 643from sheep rumen digesta, 643

Cellulolytic enzymesThermoactinomyces sp., 606

Cellvibrio vulgarisextracellular endo-,8-1,4-glucanase, 205

Cell wall-degrading enzymesOerskovia, 594

Cetylpyridinium chloridein water decontamination for mycobacterial culture,

771Chaetomium cellulolyticumgrowth on alkali-pretreated hardwood sawdust, 284

Charon ventriculidiurnal changes, 953effect of ration on concentrations, 953

Cheese manufactureY. enterocolitica, 274

Chemotaxis, algalquantitative assay, 847

Cigarette smoke exposureadenovirus infectivity titers, 774

Cinnamonisolation of o-methoxycinnamaldehyde, 577

Citrininproduction and analysis in com, 408

Clostridial inhibitionevaluation in cured meat products, 210

Clostridium bolutinum toxinheat inactivation curve, 386

Clostridium perfringensnew medium for screening and enumeration, 567sensitization to heat by gamma radiation, 403

SUBJECT INDEX v

Coal spoilmicrobial succession, 861mineral leaching, 861

Coliforms, fecal and totalenumeration methods, 975in oysters, 975virus indicators in sewage effluents, 880

Coliform testingin seawater, 438MPN method, 438

Copper leaching dumpsferrous iron-oxidizing bacteria, 523

Corncitrinin production, 408survey for vomitoxin, 885

Coxsackievirusantiviral activity of apple beverages, 798

Crassostrea virginicamethods for coliform enumeration, 975

Crossdraftsbiological safety cabinet performance, 278

Crude oilmonitoring of bacterial degradation, 776

Cured-meat productsclostridial inhibition, 210

Cyanobacteriaeffect of temperature, 572

Cytoplasmic membraneradioactive labeling method for isolation, 851S. carlsbergensis, 851

Dairy productspresence of Y. enterocolitica, 274

Denitrificationacetylene inhibition technique for rate measure-

ment, 139in a marine sediment, 139

Detergentscomponents of sludge, 889virus heat inactivation, 889, 898

Disinfectantsresistance of atypical mycobacteria, 839

Dry-heat destructionapparatus, design, 705kinetics, 710LPS, 705, 710, 715mathematical model for process evaluation, 715

Dunaliella tertiolectachemotaxis assay, 847

D-valuesB. pumilus spores, 392on inoculated products, 392

Electrochemical detection of bacteriaplatinum electrodes, 683

Elevated-temperature testdifferentiation of fecal and nonfecal coliforms, 341physiological basis, 341

Endo-/3-1,4-glucanasein C. vulgaris, 205

Endotoxinsin commercial vaccines, 445

Enrichment cultures"seeded" enrichment culture technique, 291

vi SUBJECT INDEX

growth on mesquite wood, 291Enteric viruses

detection in oysters, methods, 121heat inactivation by detergents in sludge, 889, 898

Enterotoxin Achromosomal gene product, 389correlation with a. for S. aureus growth, 377S. aureus, 389

Enterovirusesinactivation by sodium bisulfite and ascorbic acid,

68in sewage sludge, 81wastewater-recharged groundwater, 47

Epifluorescence microscopycombination with autoradiography, 506number and spectrum of actively metabolizing bac-

teria, 50612,13-Epoxytrichothecenes

microbial and chemical transformations, 63Escherichia coli

citrate-positive variants, 217DNA polymerase I deficient, 794effect of hydrostatic tensile stress on growth, 549effect of reactor cooling waters on survival, 739indicator organism in stressed habitats, 739lactose variability, 739thermal death and transport inactivation, 230

Escherichia coli-like variantsconjugative R plasmids, 217isolation from domestic pigeons, pigs, cattle, and

horses, 217

Fecal coliform recoveryM-FC medium with and without rosolic acid, 90

Flow microfluorimetrydiauxic batch growth of S. cerevisiae, 615

Fluorescence microscopyimproved technique for methanogen identification,

752Food microbiology

use of HGMF, 76Forage tissuesrumen protozoal degradation, 513

Formaldehydeincorporation by a new methanol-oxidizing bacte-

rium, 56Freshwater environmentphage-mediated P. aeruginosa transduction, 724

Freshwater sedimentsBeggiatoa enumeration, 755

Fumitoxinsnew mycotoxins from A. fumigatus Fres, 8

Gamma irradiation, long termsoil microflora, 618

Gamma radiationC. perfringens spores, 403

Gastrointestinal microfloranude mice, 144T-cell function, 144

Glycerol nitratesin wastewater, 693microbial degradation, 693rate and extent of breakdown, 693

Groundwater, wastewater rechargedhuman viruses, detection, 47

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

GTPin microbial cells, 349in the ocean, 349

Guaiacolconversion of vanillate to, 539

Hardwood sawdustalkali pretreatment, 284C. cellulolyticum growth, 284

Heat resistancenaturally occurring airborne bacterial spores, 473

Heavy-metal resistancesediments of New York Bight, 465

Hemincorrelation with chemiluminescent luminal reaction,

790Herbal drugs

fungal contamination, 252mycotoxin detection, 252

Herbicidesinfluence on proteolysis in soil, 953

Heterotrophic activitymeasurement, 297specific activity index, 297

Hexachloroethaneinternal standard for measuring degradation of

crude oil, 776High-pressure liquid chromatography

ochratoxin A purification, 613H2-producing bacteria

in digesting sewage sludge, 394Hydrogen peroxide formation

in autoxidation of broth media, 223Hydrophobic grid-membrane filtercomparison of bacterial to conventional plate

counts, 76use in quantitative food microbiology, 76

4-Hydroxyphthalate metabolismP. testosteroni, 264

Ice nucleation-active bacteriadistribution on plants, 831replica plating method for quantitation, 831

Internal acid proteaseA. oryzae, 237characterization, 237

Iron-oxidizing bacteriapresence in copper mine leach dumps, 523

Irrigationvegetable contamination, 824

JLS-V9 cellsRauscher leukemia virus production, 520

Klebsiellaidentification with MacConkey-inositol-carbenicil-

lin agar, 536isolation from within living wood, 178

Lactic streptococcal phagehost range mutant, 785

Lactose metabolismS. lactis C2, 360

Lactose variabilityE. coli, 739

Lake sediment, hypereutrophicconversion of methane precursors to methane, 330

SUBJECT INDEX vii

Leaching, mineralartificial coal spoil, 861

Lipopolysaccharideapparatus for dry-heat destruction, 705dry-heat destruction, 705, 710, 715dry-heat destruction kinetics, 710

Luminol assaybacterial hemin content, 790

Luminol reactivitycorrelation with hemin content, 790

D-Lyxosesubstrate for Streptomyces D-xylose isomerase, 969

MacConkey-inositol-carbenicillin agarKlebsiella identification, 536

Macrophytes, aquaticnitrogen fixation, 129

Marine ecologyoccurrence of GTP and VTP, 349intracellular nucleotide triphosphates, 349

Marine environmentvibrio phages, 492

Marine sedimentNO and N20, 809

Meatsalmonellae isolation, 627

Meat, dark, firm, and drystorage quality, 375

Media for swine waste digesters, 555Membrane filters

poliovirus recovery, 982Mesquite woodgrowth of cellulolytic enrichment cultures, 291

Methaneconversion of hydrogen and acetate, 330in hypereutrophic lake sediment, 330

Methanogenesisfrom acetate, 186, 870from methanol, 870Methanosarcina 227, 870

Methanogenic bacteriaidentification by fluorescence microscopy, 752

Methanol-oxidizing bacteria"fingerprinting" of strains, 688growth response to chemicals, 688

Methanosarcina 227growth on acetate and methanol, 870

o-Methoxycinnamaldehydeantibiotic activity, 577isolation from cinnamon, 577

Methylobacterium organophilumalcohol dehydrogenase, 105

Methylotroph L3, newformaldehyde incorporation, 56single-cell protein use, 56

M-FC mediumelimination of rosolic acid, 90fecal coliform recovery, 90

Microecosystem tank sedimentcomparison with salt marsh sediment, 662properties, 662

Micromonospora purpuraephage characteristics, 52

Mollicellinsantibacterial activity, 412mutagenicity, 412

Most-probable-number methodcoliform testing in seawater, 438

mPA medium, improvedP. aeruginosa recovery and enumeration, 36

Mucor mucedoanguidine, microbiological modifications, 63

Mucosal enzyme activitygastrointestinal microflora of rats, 381

Mutagen detectionDNA polymerase I-deficient E. coli, 794

Mycobacteria, atypicalgrowth in water, 839resistance to disinfectants, 839

Mycotoxicosis in micexanthomegnin and viomellein production by Asper-

gillus, 819Mycotoxins

detection in herbal drugs, 252Myeloma type C viruses

stabilization by chicken egg yolk, 397

Nephropathycaused by ochratoxin A, 920

New York Bight sedimentheavy-metal and antibiotic resistance in flora, 465

Nitrate-starch-iodide agar mediumbacterial nitrite production from nitrate, 384

Nitric oxidein coastal marine sediment, 809

Nitrite productionnitrate-starch-iodide agar medium, 384

Nitrogenase activityfree-living rhizobia, 115

Nitrogen fixationby epiphytes of freshwater macrophytes, 129

Nitrous oxidein coastal marine sediment, 809

Nonfecal coliformscellular site(s) of temperature sensitivity, 341

Nuclear polyhedrosis virusesplaque assay, 31

Nucleosidesgrowth inhibition of S. natans and Beggiatoa sp.,

658

Ochratoxin AAspergillus and Penicillium spp., 720bioproduction in submerged culture, 720cause of nephropathy in pigs, 920high-pressure liquid chromatography, 613purification method, 613

Oerskoviayeast cell wall-degrading enzymes, 594

Oilsno. 2 fuel, Nigerian crude, and used crankcase, 673toxicity of water-soluble constituents, 673water extracts, effects on algae, 673

Organophosphorus pesticidesbacterial phosphorus sources, 668breakdown products, 668

Oxygen toleranceanaerobic bacteria, 306enzyme activity, 306

Oysterscoliform enumeration, 975enteric virus detection, methods, 121

VOL. 36, 1978

viii SUBJECT INDEX

Parenteral solutionsaddition of phosphate buffer, 457B. thuringiensis spores, 457

Patulinapple juice fermentation, 620

Penicillium cyclopiumxanthomegnin and viomellein production, 552

Penicillium speciesochratoxin A production, 720prevalence during Skylab missions, 243

Penicillium viridicatumxanthomegnin and viomellein production, 552

Pesticide productsuse as phosphorus sources, 668

Phaseolus vulgarisnodule infection by BYMV, 814

Photosynthesiscyanobacteria, 572effect of temperature, 572

Phthalate metabolism4,5-dihydroxyphthalate, 264P. testosteroni, 264

Phycomycescarotene superproducing, 639

Pig fecesanaerobic degradation of tyrosine, 631deodorization by actinomycetes, 487

Piggery wastesanaerobic degradation of tyrosine, 631

Plant cell systemsprogesterone biotransformation, 213

Plant cell wall digestionin sheep rumen, 160nylon bag technique for study, 160

Plantsice nucleation-active bacteria, 831

Plaque assay techniquenuclear polyhedrosis viruses, 31

Plasmid DNAin S. cremoris, 944

Plasmid DNA, staphylococcalrapid detection procedure, 368

Platinum electrodesfor detecting and enumerating bacteria, 683

Poliovirusadsorbed to membrane filters, 982ammonia and related compounds, effects, 198antiviral activity of apple beverages, 798dependent on elution material, 982efficiency of beef extract for recovery, 544recoverv from wastewater, 544removal from primary and secondary sewage, 247

Polysaccharidesfrom macroalgae, 979isolation of a marine bacterium, 979

Poultry spoilage bacteriaeffect of temperatures, 650

Predator-prey interactionat low prey density, 11

Primary effluents, chlorinatedviral pollution of surface waters, 427

Progesterone biotransformationby plant cell suspension cultures, 213

Proteolysis, in soilinfluence of herbicides, 959

new monitoring system, 959Pseudomonas aeruginosa

active transport, 257denitrifying, 257improved recovery medium, 36in freshwater environment, 724phage-mediated transduction, 724

Pseudomonas testosteronihydroxyphthalate metabolism, 264phthalate metabolism, 264

Radioimmunoassaystaphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, C, D, and E in

food, 421Rapid perfringens mediumcomparison with other media, 567C. perfringens enumeration, 567

Rate of kill measurementsurface kinetic test, 700

Rattus speciesY. enterocolitica occurrence, 314

Rauscher leukemia virusenhanced production by JLS-V9 cells, 526

Reactor effluent waterseffect on E. coli survival, 739

RedwoodKlebsielleae isolation, 178

Refuse metalseffect on cellulase production by T. curuata, 201

Reovirusheat inactivation by detergents in sludge, 889

Respirationnumber of aquatic bacteria involved, 926

Reverse transcriptase activitymyeloma type C viruses, 397stabilization, 397

Rhizobial nitrogenase expressionplant cell-conditioned medium, 115

Rhizobiuminoculum strain in soybean nodules, 915

Rhizobium japonicumbacteriocin production, 936effect of inoculum strain, 915genetic markers for identification of inoculum strain,

915Rhizobium leguminosarum

diversity in soil, 780in the Palouse of Eastern Washington, 780

Root nodulesBYMV infection, 814P. vulgaris L., 814

Rosolic acidelimination from M-FC medium, 90

Rumen bacteriacatabolite regulation, 319substrate preferences, 319

Rumen ciliateC. Lentriculi, 953effect of ration on concentrations, 953

Rumen digesta, sheepcellulase activity, 643

Rumen protozoaforage tissue digestion, 513

Saccharomyces carlsbergensis

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

SUBJECT INDEX ix

isolation of cytoplasmic membrane, 851Saccharomyces cerevisiae

flow microfluorimetry of diauxic batch growth, 615Salmonellae

isolation from raw meat and poultry, 627procedures for isolating, 627

Salmonella isolationcomparison of plating media, 747from beef and poultry, 747

Salmonella/microsome testsmollicellins, 412

Salt marsh sedimentscomparison with microecosystem tank sediment,

662properties, 662

Sausage fermentationS. aureus injury, 857

Schizophyllum communexylanase A, 802

Sclerotinia sclerotiorummycotoxin production on soybeans, 533

Sediment methane productionkinetic parameters, 330

Sewagepoliovirus removal by soil filtration, 247

Sewage effluents, chlorinatedvirus indicators, 880

Sewage sludgeenterovirus recovery method, 81H2-producing bacteria, 394

Sewage sludge, dewateredapplied to a forest clearcut, 972coliform aerosols, 972

Sheep rumengrass cell wall digestion, 160

Silica gel mediaisolation of bacteria under hydrostatic pressure, 966

Skylab spacecraftprevalence of fungi, 243

Sludge, digestingacetate splitting, 1hydrogen consumption, 1propionate degradation, 1

Sodium bisulfateenterovirus inactivation, 68

Soilammonia-oxidizing nitrifiers, 584radiation resistance, 618serological diversity, 589

Soil filtrationpoliovirus removal from sewage effluent, 247

Soil microfloraradiation resistance, 618

Solid-phase radioimmunoassayscomparison, 18for baculoviruses, 18

Soybean rhizobiagenetic markers for identification, 915population displacement, 915

Soybeansmycotoxin production by S. sclerotiorum, 533

Spacecraftterminal dry-heat decontamination, 473

Specific activity indexheterotrophic bacteria of natural waters, 297

Sphaerotilus natansselective growth inhibition by nucleosides, 658

Staphylococcal enterotoxinsdetection in food, 421RIA procedure for detection, 421

Staphylococcus aureusau. for growth and enterotoxin A formation, 377enterotoxin A, a chromosomal gene product, 389injury during sausage fermentation, 857

Staphylococcus epidermidisplasmid detection procedure, 368

Stomacher accessories, 962Storage quality

dark, firm, dry meat, 375Straws, acid treated

acceptability, 43fermentability, 43sugar level, 43

Streptococci, fecalvirus indicators in sewage effluents, 880

Streptococcus cremorisplasmid DNA, isolation, 944

Streptococcus cremoris phagehost range mutant, 785

Streptococcus lactislactose metabolism, 360

StreptomycesD-xylose isomerase, 969

Streptomyces griseusanguidine, microbiological modifications, 63

Superoxide dismutase activityoxygen tolerance of anaerobic bacteria, 306

Superoxide radical formationin autoxidation of broth media, 223

Surface kinetic testdetermination of rate of kill by an antimicrobial

solid, 700Surface waters

bacterial density patterns, 95effect of recreational activities, 95viral pollution, 427

Swine waste digesterenumeration and isolation of bacteria, 555

Temperature functioneffect on spoilage and substrate metabolism, 650

Tensile stressgrowth rate of bacteria, 549

Thermoactinomyces sp.cellulolytic enzymes, 606

Thermomonospora curvatacellulase production, 201

Tissue sterilityin uneviscerated carcasses, 356

Tolnaftateeffect on aflatoxin biosynthesis, 270

Toxicityinfluence of Cl-, 906of zinc to microbes and viruses, 906

Transducing phage F116P. aeruginosa transduction, 724

Transportdenitrifying P. aeruginosa, 257

Transport, inactivationE. coli thermal death, 230

VOL. 36, 1978

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

Two-acid systemtoxicological model, 623

Tyrosineanaerobic degradation, 631piggery wastes and pig feces, 631

Vaccines, commercialpresence of endotoxins, 445

Vanillatecatabolism, 539conversion to guaiacol, 539

Vegetables, contaminateddrip irrigation method, 824

Vibrio parahaemolyticussharing of phage with agar-digesting vibrios, 500

Vibrio parahaemolyticus phagesin marine samples, 492

Vibrios, agar digestingsharing of phages with V. parahaemolyticus, 500

Vibrio speciesbacteriophages, 492seasonal incidence, 492

Vibrio succinogenesasparaginase production, 25

Viomelleinproduction by A. ochraceus, P. cyclopium, and P.

viridicatum, 552production by Aspergillus, 819

Viral pollutionchlorinated primary effluents, 427

Virusesrecovery from wastewater and fecal samples, 480

Virus thermal inactivation datasources of error, 432variations in reported virus resistance, 432

Vomitoxinstudy of field corn, 885

Wastewater

coliforms as virus indicators, 880enterovirus recovery, 480

Wastewater effluentspoliovirus recovery, 544

Wastewater irrigationcontamination of vegetables, 824drip method, 824

Wastewater sludgedetergents, 889dewatered, 898thermal stability of viruses, 889, 898

Water activityS. aureus growth, 377

Water decontaminationcetylpyridinium chloride, 771mycobacterial culture, 771

Water environmentsgrowth of atypical mycobacteria, 839

Xanthomegninproduction by A. ochraceus, P. cyclopium, and P.

viridicatum, 552production in Aspergillus, 819

Xylanase Afrom S. commune, 802production, 802

D-Xylose isomeraseD-lyxose as substrate, 969

Yersinia enterocoliticain cheese manufacture, 274in house rats, 314in milk, 274

Zinctoxicity to fungi, bacteria, and coliphages, 906

Zonal gradient centrifugationB. thuringiensis protein crystal, purification, 625

x SUBJECT INDEX

APPLIED AND

ENVIRONMENTAL

MICROBIOLOGY

VOLUME 36

WASHINGTON, D C 20006

1978

APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTALMICROBIOLOGY

VOLUME 36 * 1978

EDITORIAL BOARDMARVIN P. BRYANT, Editor-in-Chiej (1981)

University of Illinois, Urbana

R. H. DEIBEL, Editor (1981)University of Wisconsin, Madison

A. L. DEMAIN, Editor (1981)Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge

MARTIN S. FAVERO, Editor (1980)Centerfor Disease Control, Phoenix, Ariz.

JAMES M. TIEDJE, Editor (1979)Michigan State University, East Lansing

Bernard J. Aibbott (1980)Martin Alexander (1980)Milton J. Allison (1980)Ronald Atlas (1980)Richard Bartha (1979)Robert T. Belly (1978)Joan W. Bennett (1981)Martha D. Berliner (1980)Jerome Birnbaum (1979)Thomas L. Bott (1980)Charles Boylen (1979)Thomas Brock (1980)Lee A. Bulla, Jr. (1980)Lloyd B. Bullerman (1980)Victor Cabelli (1979)Paul E. Came (1979)William R. Chesbro (1979)Tom D. Y. Chin (1980)Alex Ciegler (1980)Richard T. J. Clarke ( 198 1)Rita R. Colwell (1980)Richard A. Consigli (1979)Charles Cooney (1979)Joseph J. Cooney (1980)Jacob A. Donkersloot (1979)Steven W. Drew (198 1)Charles L. Duncan (1979)

Richard Elander (1979)Beatrice England (1980)Jerald C. Ensign (1980)Carl B. Fliermans (1978)Heinz G. Floss (1980)Dennis Focht (1979)Edwin E. Geldreich (1979)John M. Goepfert (1979)Richard E. Goldstrand (1979)Reinaldo F. Gomez (1979)Bruce Hamilton ( 198 1)Robert D. Hamilton (1979)Richard S. Hanson (1978)Paul A. Hartman (1980)Melvin T. Hatch (1978)Charles W. Hendricks (1980)Robert B. Hespell (1980)Lillian V. Holdeman (1979)David H. Hubbell (1978)John J. landolo (1980)M. B. Ingle (1979)Holger W. Jannasch (1978)Edward Katz (1979)Donald A. Klein (1978)Michael J. Klug (1980)Roger Knowles (1979)Paul Lemke (1979)Carol Litchfield (1980)

Joseph L. Melnick (1980)Thomas L. Miller (1979)Claude H. Nash (1981)Eldor A. Paul (1980)W. J. Payne (1979)C. A. Reddy (1979)Antonio H. Romano (1980)Dwayne Savage (1979)Oldrich K. Sebek (1980)John McN. Sieburth (1978)Anthony J. Sinskey (1979)Peter Skaliy (1978)William H. Sperber (1980)James T. Staley (1980)Mortimer P. Starr ( 1978)Jon H. Tuttle (1980)Carl Vanderzant (1979)Donald Vesley (1978)Claude Vezina (1979)D. I. C. Wang (1978)William J. Wiebe (1980)Fred D. Williams (1980)R. P. Williams (1978)G. N. Wogan (1980)Alan G. Wolin (1980)Meyer J. Wolin (1979)William Yotis (1979)

Robert A. Day, Managing EditorGisella Pollock, Assistant Managing Editor

Cheryl Cross, Production Editor1913 I St., N. W., Washington, D.C. 20006

EX OFFICIOEdwin H. Lennette, President (1978-1979)

J. Mehsen Joseph, Secretary

Applied and Environmental Microbiologv, a publication of theAmerican Society for Microbiology, 1913 I St., N.W., Washing-ton, D.C. 20006, is devoted to the advancement and dissemina-tion of applied knowledge as well as ecological knowledge, bothapplied and fundamental, concerning microorganisms. Instruc-tions to Authors are published in the January issue each year.Applied and Environmental Microbiology is published monthly,two volumes per year. The nonmember subscription price is $70per year. The member subscription price is $16 per year. Singlecopies are $6.00. Correspondence relating to subscriptions, non-receipt ofjournals, reprints, defective copies, availability of backissues, and lost or late proofs should be directed to the ASMPublications Office, 1913 1 St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006(area 202-833-9680).

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Volume 36 Contents for July 1978 Number 1

Metabolism, Growth, and Industrial MicrobiologyEffect of Medium Composition on the Growth and Asparaginase Production of

Vibrio succinogenes. ERNEST ALBANESE AND DAVID KAFKEWITZ* .... ...... 25Characteristics of Bacteriophages for Micromonospora purpurea. MASAKAZU

KIKUCHI AND D. PERLMAN* ............ ................................. 52Formaldehyde Incorporation by a New Methylotroph (L3). WILLIAM HIRT,

ELEFTHERIOS PAPOUTSAKIS, ELIZABETH KRUG, HENRY C. LIM,* AND G. T.TSAO ............................................................. 56

Microbial and Chemical Transformations of ;Some 12,13-Epoxytrichothec-9,10-enes. C. A. CLARIDGE* AND HENRY SCHMITZ ...... ....................... 63

Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Methylobacterium organophilum. H. J. WOLF ANDR. S. HANSON* ........................................................ 105

Effect of Municipal Refuse Metals on Cellulase Production by Thermomonosporacurvata. FRED STUTZENBERGER* AND ION STERPU ...... .................. 201

Extracellular Endo-,B-1,4-Glucanase in Cellvibrio vulgaris. LINDA V. OBERKOT-TER* AND FRED A. ROSENBERG ........... ................................ 205

Food Microbiology and ToxicologySugar Level, Fermentability, and Acceptability of Straw Treated with Different

Acids. C. J. ISRAILIDES, G. A. GRANT, AND Y. W. HAN* ..... .............. 43Inactivation of Enteroviruses by Ascorbic Acid and Sodium Bisulfite. RICHARD J.

SALO AND DEAN 0. CLIVER* ............ ................................. 68Automated Food Microbiology: Potential for the Hydrophobic Grid-Membrane

Filter. ANTHONY N. SHARPE,* MARCEL P. DIOTTE, ISTVAN DUDAS, ANDGREGORY L. MICHAUD.................................................. 76

System for Evaluating Clostridial Inhibition in Cured Meat Products. M. C.ROBACH, * F. J. IVEY, AND C. S. HICKEY ........ .......................... 210

MycotoxinsFumitoxins, New Mycotoxins from Aspergillus fumigatus Fres. J. P. DEBEAU-

PUIS AND P. LAFONT.................................................... 8

Applied Environmental and Public Health MicrobiologyImproved Medium for Recovery and Enumeration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

from Water Using Membrane Filters. M. H. BRODSKY* AND B. W. CIEBIN .. 36Survey of Human Virus Occurrence in Wastewater-Recharged Groundwater on

Long Island. J. M. VAUGHN,* E. F. LANDRY, L. J. BARANOSKY, C. A.BECKWITH, M. C. DAHL, AND N. C. DELIHAS ....... ....................... 47

Development of Quantitative Methods for the Detection of Enteroviruses inSewage Sludges During Activation and Following Land Disposal. CHRISTONJ. HURST, SAMUEL R. FARRAH, CHARLES P. GERBA, AND JOSEPH L. MELNICK* 81

Modification of M-FC Medium by Eliminating Rosolic Acid. WILLIAM G. PRESS-WOOD* AND DIANE K. STRONG ........... ................................ 90

Effects of Dispersed Recreational Activities on the Microbiological Quality ofForest Surface Water. KEVIN J. VARNESSS, R. E. PACHA,* AND R. F. LAPEN 95

Improved Methods for Detecting Enteric Viruses in Oysters. MARK D. SOBSEY,*ROBERT J. CARRICK, AND HAROLD R. JENSEN ....... ....................... 121

Isolation ofKlebsielleae from Within Living Wood. SUSAN T. BAGLEY, RAMON J.SEIDLER,* HENRY W. TALBOT, JR., AND JAN E. MORROW ..... .............. 178

* Asterisk refers to person to whom inquiries regarding the paper should be addressed.

xiii

Comparative Effects ofAmmonia and Related Compounds on Poliovirus. RICHARDL. WARD* AND CAROL S. ASHLEY ......... ............................... 198

General Microbial EcologyKinetic Parameters and Relative Turnovers of Some Important Catabolic Reac-

tions in Digesting Sludge. HEINRICH F. KASPAR AND KARL WUHRMANN* ... 1Bacterial Predator-Prey Interaction at Low Prey Density. M. VARON* AND B. P.ZEIGLER.11

Expression of Rhizobial Nitrogenase: Influence of Plant Cell-Conditioned Me-dium. MARY ANN BEDNARSKI AND MINOCHER REPORTER* ..... ............ 115

Nitrogen Fixation (Acetylene Reduction) by Epiphytes of Freshwater Macro-phytes. LINDA R. FINKE AND H. W. SEELEY, JR.* ..... ................... 129

Denitrification Rates in a Marine Sediment as Measured by the AcetyleneInhibition Technique. JAN SORENSEN ....... ............................ 139

Gastrointestinal Microecology of BALB/c Nude Mice. JAMES F. BROWN ANDEDWARD BALISH*...................................................... 144

Electron Microscopy of the Microbial Populations Present and Their Modes ofAttack on Various Cellulosic Substrates Undergoing Digestion in SheepRumen. D. DINSDALE,* E. JANE MORRIS, AND J. S. D. BACON .... ......... 160

Dependence of Marine Bdellovibrios on Potassium, Calcium, and MagnesiumIons. A. MARBACH AND M. SHILO* ........ .............................. 169

Methanogenesis from Acetate: Enrichment Studies. LARRY BARESI, ROBERT A.MAH,* DAVID M. WARD, AND ISAAC R. KAPLAN ...... ..................... 186

MethodsComparison of Solid-Phase Radioimmunoassays for Baculoviruses. ALLAN M.

CRAWFORD,* PETER FAULKNER, AND JAMES KALMAKOFF ................... 18

Plaque Assay of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Viruses in Cell Culture. MARTHA BROWN*AND PETER FAULKNER.................................................. 31

Volume 36 Contents for August 1978 Number2

Metabolism, Growth, and Industrial MicrobiologyProgesterone Biotransformation by Plant Cell Suspension Cultures. B. YAGEN, G.

E. GALLILI, AND R. I. MATELES*.213Hydrogen Peroxide and Superoxide Radical Formation in Anaerobic Broth Media

Exposed to Atmospheric Oxygen. JAN CARLSSON,* GORAN NYBERG, AND JANWRETHEN.223

Significance of the Inactivation of Transport in Thermal Death of Escherichiacoli. FREDERICK H. GRAU.230

Presence and Partial Characterization of Internal Acid Protease of Aspergillusoryzae. YOSHIo TSUJITA AND AKIRA ENDO* ............................ 237

Denitrifying Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Some Parameters of Growth and ActiveTransport. D. R. WILLIAMS, J. J. ROWE, P. ROMERO, AND R. G. EAGON* .. 257

Phthalate and 4-Hydroxyphthalate Metabolism in Pseudomonas testosteroni: Pu-rification and Properties of 4,5-Dihydroxyphthalate Decarboxylase. TERUKONAKAZAWA* AND EMIKO HAYASHI.264

Growth of Chaetomium cellulolyticum on Alkali-Pretreated Hardwood SawdustSolids and Pretreatment Liquor. N. PAMMENT, M. MOO-YOUNG, F.-H. HSIEH,AND C. W. ROBINSON*.284

XiV CONTENTS

Growth of "Seeded" Cellulolytic Enrichment Cultures on Mesquite Wood. D. W.

THAYER* AND CAROL ANN DAVID.291Factors Related to the Oxygen Tolerance of Anaerobic Bacteria. RIAL D. ROLFE,*

DAVID J. HENTGES, BENEDICT J. CAMPBELL, AND JAMES T. BARRETT. 306Food Microbiology and Toxicology

Association of Yersinia enterocolitica with the Manufacture of Cheese and Occur-rence in Pasteurized Mil. D. A. SCHIEMANN..... 274

Tissue Sterility in Uneviscerated Carcasses. C. 0. GILL,* N. PENNEY, AND P.M.NOTTINGHAM... 356

Stabilization of Lactose Metabolism in Streptococcus lactis C2. L. L. MCKAY*AND K. A. BALDWIN.. 360

Storage Quality of Dark, Firm, Dry Meat. K. G. NEWTON* AND C. 0. GILL. 375Minimal Water Activity for Enterotoxin A Production and Growth of Staphylococ-

cus aureus. L. P. LOTTER AND L. LEISTNER*.377Establishment of a Heat Inactivation Curve for Clostridium botulinum 62A Toxin

in Beef Broth. MARY E. LOSIKOFF . 386Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A: a Chromosomal Gene Product. WILLIAM M.

SHAFER AND JOHN J. IANDOLO*.. 389Mycotoxins

Fungal Contamination and Mycotoxin Detection of Powdered Herbal Drugs.HIROSHI HITOKOTO,* SATOSHI MOROZUMI, TOMOAKI WAUKE, SENZO SAKAI,AND HIROSHI KURATA.. 252

Inhibition of Aflatoxin Biosynthesis by Tolnaftate. S. N. KHAN, K. K. MAGGON,AND T. A. VENKITASUBRAMANIAN*.270

Applied Environmental and Public Health MicrobiologyIsolation of Citrate-Positive Variants of Escherichia coli from Domestic Pigeons,

Pigs, Cattle, and Horses. NAOTAKA ISHIGURO,* CHIAKI OKA, AND GIHEI SATO 217Prevalence of Fungi During Skylab Missions. R. M. BROCKETT,* J. K. FERGUSON,

AND M. R. HENNEY.................. 243Poliovirus Removal from Primary and Secondary Sewage Effluent by Soil Filtra-

tion. CHARLES P. GERBA* AND J. C. LANCE.247Influence of Crossdrafts on the Performance of a Biological Safety Cabinet.

BARBARA W. RAKE... ... 278Occurrence of Yersinia enterocolitica in House Rats. KEN-ICHI KANEKO,* SU-

KEKAZU HAMADA, YUMI KASAI, AND ELICHi KATO... 314Fecal Coliform Elevated-Temperature Test: a Physiological Basis. WILLIAM S.

DOCKINS AND GORDON A. McFETERS* .. ..... 341D-Values of Bacillus pumilus Spores on Irradiated Devices (Inoculated

Product). HERBERT N. PRINCE... ... 392H2-Producing Bacteria in Digesting Sewage Sludge Isolated on Simple, Defined

Media. PAUL HOLMES* AND MICHAEL R. FREISCHEL.... 394General Microbial Ecology

Measurement and Significance of Specific Activity in the Heterotrophic Bacteria ofNatural Waters. RICHARD T. WRIGHT.297

Substrate Preferences in Rumen Bacteria: Evidence of Catabolite RegulatoryMechanisms. JAMES B. RUSSELL AND R. L. BALDWIN*.319

Kinetic Parameters of the Conversion of Methane Precursors to Methane in aHypereutrophic Lake Sediment. RICHARD F. STRAYER AND JAMES M.TIEDJE*.330

CONTENTS xv

Occurrence and Ecological Significance of GTP in the Ocean and in MicrobialCeUs. D. M. KARL...... 349

Depression of Activity of Intestinal Mucosal Alkaline Phosphatase with Gastroin-testinal Microorganisms. YASUO KAWAI,* TAKAHIKO ISHII, MASAMI MORO-TOMI, AND MASAHIKO MUTAI ......... ... 381

MethodsRapid Procedure for the Detection of Plasmids in Staphylococcus epidermidis. C.

R. WILSON, P. A. TOTTEN, AND J. N. BALDWIN*.368Detection of Bacterial Nitrite Production from Nitrate by Nitrate-Starch-Iodide

Agar Medium. GERALD S. REISNER... .. ..... 384

Volume 36 Contents for September 1978 Number3Metabolism, Growth, and Industrial Microbiology

Chicken Egg Yolk Stabilizes the Reverse Transcriptase Activity in Type C ParticlesProduced by Cultured MOPC-315 Murine Myeloma Cells. A. GAZIT, A.YANIV,* AND E. EYLAN.397

Food Microbiology and ToxicologySensitization of Clostridium perfringens Spores to Heat by Gamma Radiation.

DAVID E. GOMBAS AND REINALDO F. GOMEZ* ............................ 403Detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins A, B, C, D, and E in Foods by Radioim-

munoassay, Using Staphylococcal Cells Containing Protein A as Immunoad-sorbent. BARBARA A. MILLER, RAOUL F. REISER, AND MERLIN S. BERG-DOLL . 421

MycotoxinsProduction and Analysis of Citrinin in Corn. L. K. JACKSON AND A. CIEGLER* . 408Mollicellins: Mutagenic and Antibacterial Mycotoxins. A. A. STARK, B. KOBBE,

K. MATSUO, G. BUCHI, G. N. WOGAN, AND A. L. DEMAIN* .... 412Evaluation of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum as a Potential Mycotoxin Producer on

Soybeans. A. CIEGLER, K. A. BURBRIDGE, J. CIEGLER, AND C. W. HESSEL-TINE*.... 533

Applied Environmental and Public Health MicrobiologyViral Pollution of Surface Waters Due to Chlorinated Primary Effluents. SYED A.

SATTAR* AND J. C. N. WESTWOOD.427Potential Sources of Error During Virus Thermal Inactivation. JOHN T. TIERNEY

AND EDWARD P. LARKIN*.. 432Enhanced Accuracy of Coliform Testing in Seawater by a Modification of the Most-

Probable-Number Method. BETTY H. OLSON.438Endotoxins in Commercial Vaccines. MARK R. GEIER,* HELEN STANBRO, AND C.

R. MERRIL.445Effect of Phosphate Buffer Concentration on the Heat Resistance of Bacillus

stearothernophilus Spores Suspended in Parenteral Solutions. CHRISTINE A.GAUTHIER, GERALDINE M. SMITH, AND IRVING J. PFLUG .................. 457

Thermal Resistance of Naturally Occurring Airborne Bacterial Spores. J. R.PULEO,* S. L. BERGSTROM, J. T. PEELER, AND G. S. OXBORROW.473

Comparative Sensitivity of Various Cell Culture Systems for Isolation of Virusesfrom Wastewater and Fecal Samples. NATHALIE J. SCHMIDT,* HELEN H. Ho,JOHN L. RIGGS, AND EDWIN H. LENNETTE........ 480

XVi CONTENTS

CONTENTS xvii

Deodorization of Pig Feces by Actinomycetes. Y. OHTA* AND M. IKEDA ........ 487

Primary Klebsiella Identification with MacConkey-Inositol-Carbenicillin Agar.SUSAN T. BAGLEY AND RAMON J. SEIDLER* .............................. 536

General Microbial EcologyAntibiotic Resistance Patterns of Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from Environ-

mental Sources. W. J. KELCH AND J. S. LEE* ........................... 450

Heavy-Metal and Antibiotic Resistance in the Bacterial Flora of Sediments of NewYork Bight. JOHN F. TIMONEY,* JENNIFER PORT, JANIS GILES, AND J.SPANIER .............................................................. 465

Incidence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Bacteriophages and Other Vibrio Bacterio-phages in Marine Samples. JOHN A. BAROSS,* JOHN LISTON, AND RICHARDY. MORITA ................. ....... ...... 492

Ecological Relationship Between Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Agar-DigestingVibrios as Evidenced by Bacteriophage Susceptibility Patterns. JOHN A.BAROSS, JOHN LISTON, AND RICHARD Y. MORITA ......................... 500

Autoradiography and Epifluorescence Microscopy Combined for the Determinationof Number and Spectrum of Actively Metabolizing Bacteria in Natural Wa-ters. LUTZ-AREND MEYER-REIL ............... ..... .. 506

Rumen Protozoal Degradation of Structurally Intact Forage Tissues. HENRY E.AMos* AND DANNY E. AKIN ........................ ... ..... 513

Thermophilic Iron-Oxidizing Bacteria Found in Copper Leaching Dumps. JAMESA. BRIERLEY .................. 523

Anaerobic Fecal Bacteria of the Baboon. A. W. BRINKLEY* AND G. E. MoTrr ... 530

MethodsEnhanced Production of Rauscher Leukemia Virus After Infection of High-Pas-

saged JLS-V9 Cells. ALBERT PERRY,* ORSON R. ROBINSON, JR., AND GEORGEP. SHIBLEY ........................................................... 526

Volume 36 Contents for October 1978 Number4

Metabolism, Growth, and Industrial MicrobiologyMicrobial Catabolism of Vanillate: Decarboxylation to Guaiacol. RONALD L.

CRAWFORD* AND PATRICIA PERKINS OLSON..... 539

Effect of Hydrostatic Tensile Stress on the Growth of Escherichia coli and Bacilluscereus. W. J. O'BRIEN,* M. C. WALKER IV, P. L. FAN, AND W. M. JOHNSTON 549

Production and Ecological Significance of Yeast Cell Wall-Degrading Enzymes fromOerskovia. J. W. MANN, T. W. JEFFRIES, AND J. D. MACMILLAN*.. 594

Cellulolytic Enzyme System of Thermoactinomyces sp. Grown on MicrocrystallineCellulose. BARBEL G. R. HAGERDAL,* JOHN D. FERCHAK, AND E. KENDALLPYE................................... 606

Flow Microfluorometry Study of Diauxic Batch Growth of Saccharomyces cerevi-siae. MAUREEN F. GILBERT, DONALD N. MCQUITTY, AND JAMES E. BAILEY* 615

Purification of the Protein Crystal from Bacillus thuringiensis by Zonal GradientCentrifugation. BARBARA J. ANG AND KENNETH W. NICKERSON*.625

xviii CONTENTS

Food Microbiology and ToxicologyNew Medium for Rapid Screening and Enumeration of Clostridium perfringens in

Foods. J. E. ERICKSON AND R. H. DEIBEL.. 567

Isolation, Purification, and Antibiotic Activity of o-Methoxycinnamaldehyde fromCinnamon. SATOSHI MOROZUMI.. 577

Toxicological Model for a Two-Acid System. HOWARD E.RUBIN............... 623

Enrichment Procedures for Isolating Salmonellae from Raw Meat andPoultry. BERENICE M. THOMASON* AND DAVID J. DODD................. 627

MycotoxinsProduction of Xanthomegnin and Viomellein by Isolates of Aspergillus ochraceus,

Penicillium cyclopium, and Penicillium viridicatum. MICHAEL E. STACK*AND PHILIP B. MISLIVEC ............................................... 552

Oclratoxin A: Isolation and Subsequent Purification by High-Pressure LiquidChromatography. R. E. PETERSON* AND A. CIEGLER.. 613

Disappearance of Patulin During Alcoholic Fermentation of Apple Juice. E. E.STINSON,* S. F. OSMAN, C. N. HUHTANEN, AND D. D. BILLS .. .. 620

Applied Environmental and Public Health MicrobiologyEfficiency of Beef Extract for the Recovery of Poliovirus from Wastewater Ef-

fluents. EDWARD F. LANDRY,* JAMES M. VAUGHN, McHARRELL Z. THOMAS,AND THOMAS J. VICALE.. 544

Increase of Radiation Resistance of a Soil Microflora Exposed to Long-TermGamma Irradiation. W. H. ERIKSEN AND C. EMBORG*.. 618

General Microbial EcologyMedium for the Enumeration and Isolation of Bacteria from a Swine Waste

Digester. E. L. IANNOTTI,* J. R. FISCHER, AND D. M. SIEVERS.555

Effect of Temperature on Blue-Green Algae (Cyanobacteria) in LakeMendota. ALLAN KONOPKA* AND THOMAS D. BROCK.. 572

Diversity in the Ammonia-Oxidizing Nitrifier Population of a Soil. L. W. BELSERAND E. L. SCHMIDT*.. 584

Serological Diversity Within a Terrestrial Ammonia-Oxidizing Population. L. W.BELSER AND E. L. SCHMIDT* ...................... ... ... ......... 589

ErrataChanges in Proportions ofAcetate and Carbon Dioxide Used as Methane Precursors

During the Anaerobic Digestion of Bovine Waste. D. O. MOUNTFORT AND R.A. ASHER.. 629

Extracellular Accumulation of a New Amino Acid, 0-2-Hydroxypropylhomoserine,from 1,2-Propanediol by Flavobacterium rigense. SHIGEKI YAMADA, KOICHINABE, TOSHIHIKO UJIMARU, NOBUHIKO IZUO, AND ICHIRO CHIBATA .. 629

Volume 36 Contents for November 1978 Number5

Metabolism, Growth, and Industrial MicrobiologyDegradation of Tyrosine in Anaerobically Stored Piggery Wastes and in Pig

Feces. SIERK F. SPOELSTRA.631

Carotene-Superproducing Strains of Phycomyces. F. J. MURILLO,* I. L. CAL-DER6N, I. LOPEZ-DIAZ, AND E. CERDA-OLMEDO.639

Factors Affecting the Activity of Cellulases Isolated from the Rumen Digesta ofSheep. G. L. FRANCIS,* J. M. GAWTHORNE, AND G. B. STORER.643

Characterization of Methanol-Oxidizing Bacteria by Their Growth Response toVarious Chemicals. INGER KUHN.. 688

Food Microbiology and ToxicologyTemperature Function Integration and the Development and Metabolism of Poul-

try Spoilage Bacteria. H. B. DAUD,* T. A. MCMEEKIN, AND JUNE OLLEY.. 650Comparison of Four Agar Plating Media with and Without Added Novobiocin for

Isolation of Salmonellae from Beef and Deboned Poultry Meat. W. A. MOATS 747

MycotoxinsLight Inhibits the Production of Alternariol and Alternariol Monomethyl Ether in

Alternaria alternata. KENNETH SODERHALL, EBBE SVENSSON, AND TORGNYUNESTAM*... 655

Bioproduction of [4C]Ochratoxin A in Submerged Culture. E. B. LILLEHOJ,* 0.AALUND, AND B. HALD .. .............. 720

Applied Environmental and Public Health MicrobiologySelective Growth Inhibition of Sphaerotilus natans and Beggiatoa sp. by Nucleo-

sides. Yo TAKIGUCHI,* HIROJI YOSHIKAWA, AND MICHIYA TERAO.658Phosphorus-Containing Pesticide Breakdown Products: Quantitative Utilization as

Phosphorus Sources by Bacteria. ALASDAIR M. COOK, CHRISTIAN G. DAUGH-TON, AND MARTIN ALEXANDER*.668

Effects of No. 2 Fuel Oil, Nigerian Crude Oil, and Used Crankcase Oil on AttachedAlgal Communities: Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Water-Soluble Constitu-ents. THOMAS L. BOTT* AND KURT ROGENMUSER..... 673

Microbial Degradation of Glycerol Nitrates. T. M. WENDT, J. H. CORNELL, ANDA. M. KAPLAN * . 693

Surface Kinetic Test Method for Determining Rate of Kill by an AntimicrobialSolid. A. J. ISQUITH* AND C. J. MCCOLLUM ..... .... 700

Dry-Heat Destruction of Lipopolysaccharide: Design and Construction of Dry-HeatDestruction Apparatus. JOHN H. ROBERTSON, DAVE GLEASON, AND KIYOSHITsuJI* ..... ................. 705

Dry-Heat Destruction of Lipopolysaccharide: Dry-Heat Destruction Kinetics.KIYOSHI TSuJI* AND SUSAN J. HARRISON .. ...... ..... 710

Dry-Heat Destruction of Lipopolysaccharide: Mathematical Approach to ProcessEvaluation. KIYOSHI TsUJI* AND A. R. LEWIS ..... ........ 715

Frequency of F116-Mediated Transduction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Fresh-water Environment. W. D. MORRISON, ROBERT V. MILLER, AND G. S. SAY-LER ......................... ............. 724

Lactose Variability of Escherichia coli in Thermally Stressed Reactor EffluentWaters. K. L. KASWECK* AND C. B. FLIERMANS.739

Use of Cetylpyridinium Chloride in the Decontamination of Water for Culture ofMycobacteria. GARY C. DU MOULIN* AND KURT D. STOTTMEIER.771

Infectivity Titers of Adenovirus Type 5 Suspensions After Exposure to CigaretteSmoke. D. BARDELL............ 774

Use of an Internal Standard in Monitoring the Bacterial Degradation of CrudeOil. RANDALL J. MRSNY, ROBERT W. BARLES, DAVID CHIN, KARL C. ENE-VOLD, BRUCE R. THOMAS, AND MARK L. WHEELIS* ......... 776

XiXCONTENTS

CONTENTS

General Microbial EcologyMicrobiological and Physical Properties of Salt Marsh and Microecosystem Sedi-

ments. MICHAEL REICHGOTT AND L. HAROLD STEVENSON*.662Prevalence and Distribution ofAeromonas hydrophila in the United States. TERRY

C. HAZEN,* CARL B. FLIERMANS, ROBERT P. HIRSCH, AND GERALD W. ESCH 731Enumeration, Isolation, and Characterization of Beggiatoa from Freshwater Sedi-

ments. WILLIAM R. STROHL AND JOHN M. LARKIN*.. 755Diversity of Rhizobium leguminosarum in the Palouse of Eastern Washington. R.

L. MAHLER AND D. F. BEZDICEK* ......... .............................. 780

MethodsUse of Platinum Electrodes for the Electrochemical Detection of Bacteria. JUDD

R. WILKINS... 683Improved Identification of Methanogenic Bacteria by Fluorescence Microscopy.

HANS J. DODDEMA* AND GODFRIED D. VOGELS....... 752

ErrataMinimal Water Activity for Enterotoxin A Production and Growth of Staphylococ-

cus aureus. L. P. LOTTER AND L. LEISTNER.... 783Improved Methods for Detecting Enteric Viruses in Oysters. MARK D. SOBSEY,

ROBERT J. CARRICK, AND HAROLD A. JENSEN ............. ....... 783

Volume36 Contents for December 1978 Number6

Metabolism, Growth, and Industrial MicrobiologyCorrelation Between Hemin Content and the Chemiluminescent Luminol Reaction

with Bacteria. L. EWETZ* AND A. THORE.790Production, Characterization, and Partial Amino Acid Sequence of Xylanase A

from Schizophyllum commune. M. G. PAICE,* L. JURASEK, M. R. CARPEN-TER, AND L. B. SMILLIE.... 802

Growth and Methanogenesis by Methanosarcina Strain 227 on Acetate and Meth-anol. MICHAEL R. SMITH AND ROBERT A. MAH*.870

D-Lyxose as a Substrate for Streptomyces D-Xylose Isomerase. J. H. PARKER ... 969

Food Microbiology and ToxicologySerological Studies of a Host Range Mutant of a Lactic Streptococcal Bacterio-

phage. AUDREY W. JARVIS... 785Antiviral Effect of Apple Beverages. J. KONOWALCHUK* AND J. I. SPEIRS.798Injury to Staphylococcus aureus During Sausage Fermentation. J. L. SMITH AND

S. A. PALUMBO*.. 857Isolation and Characterization of Plasmid DNA in Streptococcus cremoris. L. D.

LARSEN AND L. L. MCKAY* ............................................. 944Comparative Study of Methods for the Enumeration of Total and Fecal Coliforms

in the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea virginica. GARY P. RICHARDS .... 975

MycotoxinsProduction of Xanthomegnin and Viomellein by Species of Aspergillus Correlated

with Mycotoxicosis Produced in Mice. JAMES E. ROBBERS,* SOOBOK HONG,JOHN TUITE, AND WILLIAM W. CARLTON .... ............................ 819

xx

Survey of 1977 Crop Year Preharvest Corn for Vomitoxin. R. F. VESONDER,* A.CIEGLER, R. F. ROGERS, K. A. BURBRIDGE, R. J. BOTHAST, AND A. H. JENSEN 885

Ochratoxin A as the Cause of Spontaneous Nephropathy in Fattening Pigs. L.RUTQVIST,* N.-E. BJORKLUND, K. HULT, E. HOKBY, AND B. CARLSSON. 920

Applied Environmental and Public Health MicrobiologyImprovement in the Sensitivity of DNA Polymerase I-Deficient Escherichia coli

for Detecting Mutagens and Carcinogens. SANDRA VENTURINI* AND C.MONTI-BRAGADIN... 794

High Levels of Microbial Contamination of Vegetables Irrigated with Wastewaterby the Drip Method. A. Y. SADOVSKI,* B. FATTAL, D. GOLDBERG, E. KATZ-ENELSON, AND H. I.SHUVAL. 824

Growth Characteristics of Atypical Mycobacteria in Water and Their ComparativeResistance to Disinfectants. LORETTA A. CARSON,* NORMAN J. PETERSEN,MARTIN S. FAVERO, AND SONIA M. AGUREO ..839

Validity of Fecal Coliforms, Total Coliforms, and Fecal Streptococci as Indicatorsof Viruses in Chlorinated Primary Sewage Effluents. GERALD BERG,* DANIELR. DAHLING, GERALD A. BROWN, AND DONALD BERMAN ..880

Identification of Detergents as Components of Wastewater Sludge That Modify theThermal Stability of Reovirus and Enteroviruses. RICHARD L. WARD* ANDCAROL S. ASHLEY ..889

Heat Inactivation of Enteric Viruses in Dewatered Wastewater Sludge. RICHARDL. WARD* AND CAROL S. ASHLEY.. 898

Coliform Aerosols Generated from the Surface of Dewatered Sewage Applied to aForest Clearcut. ROBERT L. EDMONDS* AND WILLIS LIrrKE.972

Elution of Poliovirus Adsorbed to Membrane Filters. SAMUEL R. FARRAH* ANDGABRIEL BITTON..... 982

General Microbial EcologyOccurrence of Nitric and Nitrous Oxides in a Coastal Marine Sediment. JAN

S0RENSEN.809Nodule Infection by Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus in Phaseolus vulgaris. R. G.

ORELLANA* AND F. F. FAN.... 814Distribution of Ice Nucleation-Active Bacteria on Plants in Nature. S. E. LINDOW,

D. C. ARNY, AND C. D. UPPER*.831

Quantitative Assay for Algal Chemotaxis. Roy D. SJOBLAD, ILAN CHET, ANDRALPH MITCHELL*.. 847

Microbial Succession and Mineral Leaching in an Artificial Coal Spoil. ARTHURP. HARRISON, JR... 861

Toxicity of Zinc to Fungi, Bacteria, and Coliphages: Influence of Chloride Ions. H.BABICH AND G. STOTZKY*.906

Genetically Marked Rhizobium Identifiable as Inoculum Strain in Nodules ofSoybean Plants Grown in Fields Populated with Rhizobium japonicum. L.DAVID KUYKENDALL* AND DEANE F. WEBER.915

Simultaneous Determination of the Total Number of Aquatic Bacteria and theNumber Thereof Involved in Respiration. REINHARD ZIMMERMANN,* Ro-DOLFO ITURRIAGA, AND JENNY BECKER-BIRCK.926

Bacteriocin-Like Substances Produced by Rhizobium japonicum and Other Slow-Growing Rhizobia. D. C. GROSS AND A. K. VIDAVER*.936

Diurnal Changes and Effect of Ration on Concentrations of the Rumen CiliateCharon ventriculi. BURK A. DEHORITY* AND WILSON R. S. MArrOS. 953

XXiCONTENTS

xxii CONTENTS

Silica Gel Media for Isolating and Studying Bacteria Under HydrostaticPressure. ALLAN S. DIETZ AND A. ARISTIDES YAYANOS*................. 966

Isolation of a Unique Marine Bacterium Capable of Growth on a Wide Variety ofPolysaccharides from Macroalgae. RALPH S. QUATRANO* AND BRUCE A.CALDWELL.979

MethodsIsolation and Identification of the Cytoplasmic Membrane from Saccharomyces

carlsbergensis by Radioactive Labeling. MICHAEL J. LEWIS* AND PURUSH-OTTAM C. PATEL ........................................ 851

New Monitoring System for Proteolysis in Soil as Influenced by Selected HerbicidalApplications. D. R. CULLIMORE* AND L. BALL.. 959

Two Stomacher Accessories. ANTHONY N. SHARPE* AND ISTVAN DUDAS .... 962

INDEX TO DATE OF ISSUE

Month Date of Issue Pages

July 28 July 1978 1-211August 24 August 1978 213-395September 29 September 1978 397-538October 20 October 1978 539-629November 17 November 1978 631-783December 18 December 1978 785-984

)~ MICROBIOLOGY-1978Editor-in-Chief: Publication Date: January 1978David Schlessinger Order your copy today

The latest infonration from four vital ASM confernces and symposiaO Extrachromosomal ElementsO Nitrification and Reduction of Nitrogen Oxideso Cellular and Molecular Biology of Mycoplasma and Bacterial L-FormsO Human Papovaviruses

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