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APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTALMICROBIOLOGY
VOLUME 42 0 NUMBER 6 0 DECEMBER 1981
EDITORIAL BOARDJames M. Tiedje, Editor-in-Chief (1985)Michigan State University, East Lansing
Robert T. Belly, Editor (1984)Eastman Kodak Company
Rochester, New York
A. L. Demain, Editor (1982)Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
Martin S. Favero, Editor (1985)Centerfor Disease Control,
Phoenix, ArizonaRobert B. Hespell, Editor (1985)
University of Illinois, UrbanaJohn J. Iandolo, Editor (1986)
Kansas State UniversityManhattan, Kansas
Ronald Atlas (1983)Richard Bartha (1982)Barry L. Batzing (1983)Larry W. Belser (1983)Joan W. Bennett (1981)Merlin Bergdoll (1981)Jean-Marc Bollag (1983)Charles Boylen (1982)John A. Breznak (1983)Lee A. Bulla, Jr. (1983)Victor Cabelli (1982)Douglas E. Caldwell (1983)Paul E. Came (1982)Tom D. Y. Chin (1983)Richard T. J. Clarke (1981)Michael A. Cole (1982)Richard A. Consigli (1982)Ronald L. Crawford (1983)Frank Dazzo (1982)Burk A. Dehority (1983)Steven W. Drew (1981)Hugh W. Ducklow (1983)Richard Elander (1982)Douglas Eveleigh (1982)Samuel R. Farrah (1983)William R. Finnerty (1983)Carl B. Fliermans (1981)Heinz G. Floss (1983)Dennis Focht (1982)
Edwin E. Geldreich (1982)Charles Gerba (1982)Richard E. Goldstrand (1982)C. P. Leslie Grady, Jr. (1982)Charles Hagedorn III (1982)George Hegeman (1983)Bruce Hamilton (1981)Melvin T. Hatch (1981)John C. Hoff (1982)David H. Hubbell (1981)John Johnson (1982)David M. Karl (1982)Edward Katz (1982)Roger Knowles (1982)Linda L. Lasure (1983)Paul Lemke (1982)Carol Litchfield (1983)Allen J. Markovetz (1983)Prakash Masurekar (1982)Gordon A. McFeters (1981)Larry L. McKay (1983)Terry L. Miller (1982)Thomas Montville (1983)Richard Morita (1982)Claude H. Nash (1981)Betty H. Olson (1982)Ronald Oremiand (1982)
Frederick C. Pearson (1982)W. 0. Pipes (1981)Hap Pritchard (1982)Donald J. Reasoner (1982)C. A. Reddy (1982)Douglas Ribbons (1982)Antonio H. Romano (1983)John P. Rosazza (1982)Abigail A. Salyers (1983)Dwayne Savage (1982)Robert D. Schwartz (1982)Oldrich K. Sebek (1983)Surendra N. Sehgal (1983)John McN. Sieburth (1981)David C. Sternberg (1983)Hiroshi Sugiyama (1981)Anne 0. Summers (1982)Jon H. Tuttle (1983)Claude Vezina (1982)Edward Voss (1981)D. 1. C. Wang (1981)David M. Ward (1983)David White (1982)R. P. Williams (1981)Meyer J. Wolin (1982)Richard T. Wright (1983)William Yotis (1982)Stanley A. Zahler (1982)Alexander Zehnder (1982)
Walter G. Peter III, Managing EditorGisella Pollock, Assistant Managing Editor
Perry Turner, Production Editor1913 1 St., NW, Washington, DC 20006
EX OFFICIOFrederick C. Neidhardt, President (1981-1982)
J. Mebsen Joseph, Secretary
Applied and Environmental Microbiology (ISSN 0099-2240). apublication of the American Society for Microbiology. 1913 I St..NW. Washington. DC 20006. is devoted to the advancement anddissemination of applied knowledge as well as ecological knowl-edge. both applied and fundamental. concerning microorganisms.Instructions to Authors are published in the January issue eachyear: reprints are available from the Editors and the PublicationsOffice. Applied and Environmental Microbiologi is publishedmonthly. two volumes per year. The nonmember subscriptionprice is $90 per year. The member subscription price is $23 peryear. Single copies are $9. Correspondence relating to subscrip-tions. nonreceipt of journals. reprints. defective copies. availabil-ity of back issues. and lost or late proofs should be directed tothe ASM Publications Office. 1913 1 St.. NW. Washington. DC20006 (area 202-833-9680).
El *:h0li-fsf,t'_ 11&j" . (f+k l'IIt
John C. Shemis, President-Elect (1981-1982)Brinton M. Miller, Treasurer
Second-class postage paid at Washington. DC 20006. and atadditional mailing offices.Made in the United States of America.Copyright C 1981. American Society for Microbiology.All Rights Reserved.
The code at the top of the first page of an article in this j'ournalindicates the copyright owner's consent that copies ot' the articlemay be made for personal use, or for personal use of- speciticclients. This consent is given on the condition. however, that thecopier pay the stated per-copy fee through the Copyright Clear-ance Center. Inc.. P.O. Box 765. Schenectady. New York 12301.for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 and 108 ofthe U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to otherkinds of copying. such as copying for general distribution, foradvertising or promotional purposes. for creating new collectiveworks, or for resale.
Author IndexAasen, Arne J., 1051Alexander, Martin, 951, 1062Allcock, Errol R., 929Anderson, Donald A., 936
Balba, M. Talaat, 985Banat, Ibrahim M., 985Bates, Janice, 1023Bauchop, Thomas, 1103Baya, Ana Maria, 951Behlow, R. F., 1067Benedict, Robert C., 993Bergman, Harold L., 936Betlach, Michael R., 1074Bloebaum, Alan P., 1123Brock, T. D., 1029Brown, Edward J., 1002Butler, Michael, 1023
Cooley, H. J., 1128Costerton, J. William, 1093
Daeschel, M. A., 1111
Ellis, John J., 1132
Fannin, Timothy E., 936Ferreira, Joseph L., 1057Fleming, H. P., 1111Fuhs, G. Wolfgang, 963
Goddard, Marian R., 1023Grau, Frederick H., 1043
Hagler, W. M., 1067
Hamdy, Mostafa K., 1057Hang, Y. D., 1128Hansen, Carl E., 1051Hansen, J. Norman, 958Hastback, William G., 1125Hebert, William O., 1057Hvistendahl, Georg, 1051
Ingvorsen, K., 1029Ishii-kanei, Chie, 1130
Jacobson, Stuart N., 1062Joblin, K. N., 1119Jones, David T., 929Jones, G. A., 1010Jure, K. G., 1010
Klaenhammer, T. R., 944Kulinski, Salvatore S., 1018
Lang, Douglas S., 1002Lee, C. Y., 1128Lewis, George E., Jr., 1018Lindstrom, E. Borje, 985Lowendorf, Henry S., 951Lupton, F. S., 1085
Mara, D. Duncan, 1037Marcus, Michael D., 936Marrie, Thomas J., 1093Marshall, K. C., 1085Mathewson, John J., 1123Metzger, Joseph F., 1018Moore, Rebecca S., 963, 976Morris, Sheldon L., 958Mountfort, Douglas O., 1103
Nedwell, David B., 985
Oragui, John I., 1037
Patel, T. R., 1010Pedersen, Jan I., 1051
Reddy, Michael M., 963Reichard, Douglas W., 1018Reid, Sharon J., 929Rohwedder, William K., 1132
Sanders, M. E., 944Savage, Dwayne C., 996Siegel, Judith E., 996Snellen, James E., 996St0rner, Fredrik C., 1051Sturman, Lawrence S., 963, 976
Tartaglia, J. S., 993Taylor, Dene H., 963, 976Tiedje, James M., 1074
Uchida, Tsuyoshi, 1130
Vesonder, Ronald F., 1132
Whitt, Dixie D., 996Winsor, Donald K., 1123Woodams, E. E., 1128Woods, David R., 929
Yoneda, Masahiko, 1130
Zapatka, Francis A., 1057Zeikus, J. G., 1029
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The following have served as invited special reviewers for the journal during 1981, and their helpis greatly appreciated.
James M. AkagiMartin AlexanderM. A. AmerineFarooq AzamR. BaileyRichard BaltzLynn BarberJoel B. BasemanEdwin H. BeacheyMichael R. BetlachLarry BeuchatGabriel BittonFred BlackmerJudith A. BlandHans BlashekDale BlevinsBen BohloolVictor BokkenheuserWalter BondGlen BowenDon J. BrennerWinston J. BrillMarvin P. BryantHal BurdsallRoland BureshFrancis F. BustaDonald K. ButtonE. Canale-ParolaRobert CarneyLoretta CarsonWilliam CaskeyCarl E. CernigliaJohn CervenyL. T. ChangTheodore Chase, Jr.William R. ChesbroFun Sun ChuAlex CieglerMarianne ClarholmGeorge W. ClausDean 0. CliverG. S. ColemanRita R. ColwellJ. W. CostertonMichael A. CottaThomas C. CurrierC. Patrick DavisMichael J. DavisWolfgang Dietz-BauerW. Ford DoolittleMichael P. DoyleHoward DulmadgeHenry L. EhrlichBoyd EllisJerald C. EnsignT. EsdersL. T. FanJames C. FerryR. FewkesHoward FieldsMelvin S. FinsteinMary K. Firestone
Henry FlemingMadilyn FletcherLarry FomeyMichael GabridgeJeff GardnerAlan GibsonDavid GibsonJohn T. GilmourBonita A. GlatzWilliam GledhillNelson GoodmanStanley E. GuillilandAge HagstromWim HarderRobin HarrisPaul HartmanF. Pat HealeyClifford HesseltineRonald D. HinsdillPeter HirschJohn HobbieRobert HodsonLillian V. HoldemanJ. G. HoltStanley C. HoltAmikam HorowitzPhilip B. HylemonThomas JeffriesEric JohnsonBo J0onsenR. E. KallioK. S. KangHenry KasparRussell KempGary KingTodd KlaenhammerDonald A. KleinWesley E. KloosRobert KlucasMichael J. KlugJohn KoburgerAlan KonopkaTerry A. KrulwichPaul A. LaRockRobert J. LarsonR. LassiterEdward LawsEd LeadbetterGary LeathamMark LeChevallierR. V. LechowichThomas G. LessieHillel LevinsonEivind B. LillehojJohn A. LindquistE. LiuLars LjungdahlJohn LockwoodGlenn LopezDerek LovelyDonald G. LundgrenDonald C. Mackel
Roderick I. MackieTom MackieRobert A. MacleodJoe MaddoxRobert MaierTom MaloneGeorge MarchinRobert E. MarquisKevin C. MarshallScott MartinJoe MayouMollie E. McBridePerry McCartyJack MeeksThoyd MeltonRichard C. MeyerLutz-Arend Meyer-ReilLois K. MillerAaron MillsRonald W. MinkClifford S. MintzSumner M. MorrisonBarbara MosseDouglas MountfortD. N. MunnsPaula Myers-KiethDavid MyroldSteven NewellKenneth W. NickersonC. G. OrpinHans W. PaerlMike ParizaTimothy ParkinBruce J. PasterJohn A. PattersonW. J. PayneJohn H. PazurMerle PeirsonGeorge P. PerruzotiNorman PetersonNorbert PfennigJacqueline PiretMichael PisanoJeanne S. PoindexterG. Yull RheeAndrew C. RiceEugene RiceS. C. RittenbergDonald C. RobertsonBruce RobinsonI. M. RobinsonMarvin RogolskyHarold W. RossmoreThomas RosswallE. G. RubyJohn W. M. RuddJames B. RussellJohn RytherHarold §adoffW. E. SahdineRobert ScheferEdwin L. Schmidt
Karel SchubertDavid M. SedlockRamon SeidlerRobert SewardDaniel R. SheltonAnthony J. SinskeyRonald K. SizemoreRoy SjobladR. M. SmibertDavid W. SmithM. Scott SmithPaul SmithRichard SmithJan S0rensenJames SpainKemet D. SpenceWilliam H. SperberDon SplitstoesserJim Staley
Thor A. StenstromGuenther StotzkyRichard StrayerKeller SuberkroppJoseph SuflitaJames SwartzRobert TabitaStephen L. TaylorDonald ThayerR. Bruce TompkinCraig TownsendEdwin TraismanJerry S. Trier01i H. TuovinenR. M. TwedtRobert T. UffenKevin UlmerRichard F. UnzCarl Vanderzant
Vincent VarelA. K. VidaverThomas WacekHenry WangRobert E. WeaverDan WessleyR. WhitlockDonald T. WicklowTracy D. WilkinsFred D. WilliamsLloyd WitterRalph WolfeC. Peter WolkArt G. WollumMel YokohamaAllan A. YoustenGreg ZeikusDavid Zuberer
VI-IV
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AUTHOR INDEX
VOLUME 42
Aasen, Arne J., 1051Abbott, Edwin H., 556Ahlstrand, Gilbert G., 897Ahmed, Q. S., 730Ahmed, Qazi Shafi, 550Alexander, Martin, 461, 951, 1062Ailcock, Errol R., 929Alonson, J. M., 35Aloo, Theresa C., 308Anderson, A. W., 786Anderson, Donald A., 936Andrews, A. W., 641Anson, Avril E., 789Antai, Sylvester P., 378Aoyama, Koji, 135Appleton, Georgia L., 560Aranaha, Hazel G., 74Armold, Melvin T., 556Armstrong, John L., 277Armstrong, Terry, 308Asher, Rodney A., 252
Balba, M. Talaat, 985Banat, Ibrahim M., 985Bates, Janice, 1023Bauchop, Thomas, 1103Baya, Ana Maria, 951Beckmann, W., 39,44Behlow, R. F., 1067Bell, James B., 204Benedict, Robert C., 993Bennett, Geannie, M., 843Berg, R. W., 786Bergman, Harold L., 936Betlach, Michael R., 1074Beveridge, T. J., 325Beveridge, Terrance J., 886Bhumiratana, Amaret, 619Bird, B. A., 521Bitton, G., 921Block, Jean-Claude, 176Bloebaum, Alan P., 1123Bobbie, R. J., 150Bodman, H. A., 383Bohlool, B. Ben, 241Bothast, Rodney J., 688Bourell, James H., 878Boyle, Paul J., 720Bradshaw-Rouse, J. J., 344Brault, J., 35Brilon, C., 39, 44Brock, T. D., 1029Broich, William A., 792Brown, David, 308Brown, Edward J., 1002Brown, Lewis R., 74Bryant, M. P., 12, 20, 89
Burnham, Jeffrey C., 364Burt, Wayne R., 560Butler, Michael, 1023Button, D. K., 708
Cajipe, G. J. B., 174Calcott, Peter H., 843Caldwell, Bruce A., 792Calomiris, Jon J., 277Calton, Gary J., 672Calvo, C., 35Campbell, I. M., 521Campbell, Jeptha E., 692Caplenas, N. R., 779Caskey, William H., 180Chai, Tuu-jyi, 351Chandler, D. S., 453Chang, L. T., 921Chen, Li-Fu, 284Cherry, William B., 109Chiang, Lin-chang, 66, 284Chibata, Ichiro, 605, 773Chisholm, D. A., 599Choi, Suki, 290Christensen, Dorte, 5Christensen, Ronald, 226Christian, Robert R., 23Chung, King-Thom, 641Ciegler, A., 446Cloutier, M. J., 79Colaruotolo, Joseph F., 737Cole, Richard J., 677Coleman, David C., 667Conrad, Ralf, 211Cooley, H. J., 1128Cooper, D. G., 408Coplin, D. L., 344, 599Corcoran, Eugene F., 590Cornell, J. H., 817Cosma, E., 863Costerton, J. William, 1093Coubrough, P., 192Counotte, G. H. M., 649Cox, Richard H., 677Craig, Kathleen S., 708Craven, J. A., 453Crawford, Don L., 378Crawford, Ronald G., 692Curry, Richard W., 590Cutler, Horace G., 677Cyzeska, F. J., 303
Daeschel, M. A., 1111Daeschel, Mark A., 381Davis, C. L., 12Davis, John W., 544Davis, W. M., 150
Dawson, Notoma L., 297Day, J. B., 61deBie, M. J. A., 649Dees, Sally B., 109Dehority, B. A., 856Delfino, Joseph J., 918Demain, Arnold L., 497Denenu, Emmanuel O., 497de Smet, Marie-Jose, 811Dexter, Franklin, 184Dicker, Howard J., 740Dodd, David J., 109Dorner, Joe W., 677Downes, Malcolm T., 565Doyle, Michael P., 661Dreesman, Gordon R., 762Duff, S. J. B., 408Dufour, A. P., 779Dunn, J. J., 446
Ehrlich, Garry G., 878Ehrman, L., 838Eisen, Grant V., 878Elliott, Garth E., 204Ellis, John J., 1132El-Zawahry, Yehia A., 464Epifanio, E., 174Erkenbrecher, Carl W., Jr., 484Evans, T. M., 159
Fagerberg, Diane J., 548Fahlbusch, K., 439Fanelli, M. J., 863Fannin, Timothy E., 936Farrah, S. R., 921Farran, I., 453Fassolitis, A. C., 200Faust, Bruce C., 259Fazio, S. D., 150Ferreira, Joseph L., 1057Finance, Chantal, 176Findlay, R. H., 150Fleet, G. H., 574Flegel, Timothy W., 619Fleming, H. P., 1111Fliermans, Carl B., 109Forsberg, Cecil W., 886Franti, C., 863Freedman, Bernard, 385Fuhs, G. Wolfgang, 963Fujioka, Roger S., 824Fulk, George E., 641Fusee, Murray C., 672
Geesey, Gill G., 533Genigeorgis, C., 863
APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.
Genthner, B. R. Sharak, 12, 20George, Beverly A., 548Gerba, Charles P., 83Goddard, Marian R., 1023Godsy, Edward M., 878Goerlitz, Donald F., 878Gong, Cheng-Shung, 284Gottlieb, F. J., 838Gottschalk, G., 439Gowda, Netkal M. Made, 469Grabow, W. 0. K., 192Granum, Per E., 596Grau, Frederick H., 1043Grecz, Nicholas, 464Green, Bernadette, 308Griffiths, Robert P., 792Gunnarsson, Lars A. H., 580Guvrin, Rumia, 1
Haas, Sharron O., 704Hagler, W. M., 1067Hale, Michael D., 222Hamdy, Mostafa K., 1057Hang, Y. D., 1128Hanlin, J. H., 79Hansen, Carl E., 1051Hansen, J. Norman, 958Hastback, William G., 1125Hayashida, Shinsaku, 135Hebert, William O., 1057Hellstrom, Anita, 886Hellwig, M., 39Henis, Yigal, 1Henson, 0. Eldon, 656Hespell, Robert B., 89Hibbin, Jill, 308Highley, Terry L., 925Hill, Robert A., 677Hilner, C. A., 192Hirano, Seiju, 394, 912Hoff, John C., 546Hoffmann, Michael R., 259Hollinger, F. Blaine, 762Holm, Harvey W., 698Hsiao, Humg-yu, 66Hudson, David M., 638Huelsmann, Cynthia, 554Hufford, K. D., 168Hugdahl, Mary B., 661Huq, Anwarul, 550Hvistendahl, Georg, 1051
Impoolsup, Attawut, 619Ingvorsen, K., 1029Inocencio, B., 838Ishii, Kenji, 541Ishii-Kanei, Chie, 1130Ishimori, Yoshio, 632Itoh, Sayuri, 187Izuo, Nobuhiko, 773
Jacobson, Stuart N., 1062Jannasch, H. W., 317
Janssen, R. H. A. M., 649Jay, J. M., 303Jeffries, Thomas W., 290Joblin, K. N., 1119Johnson, Donovan E., 385Jones, David T., 929Jones, G. A., 1010J0rgensen, Bo Barker, 5Jure, K. G., 1010
Kalapothaki, Victoria, 615Kanarek, M. S., 779Kaplan, A. M., 817Karl, David M., 802Karube, Isao, 632Kauffman, Peter E., 611Kaufman, A. K., 493Kelly, David C., 308Kelman, A., 344Kennedy, Christopher, 850Keswick, Bruce H., 824Kiel, Hildegard, 1Killham, K., 629Kingsley, Mark T., 241Kirk, T. Kent, 290Kitajima, Nakao, 135Klaenhammer, T. R., 944Klug, Michael J., 116Knackmuss, H.-J., 39,44Kniseley, Richard N., 222Kocka, J., 838Konopka, Allan, 102Koo, Hong H., 259Kosaric, N., 408Koval, S. F., 325Krambeck, Christiane, 142Krambeck, Hans-Jurgen, 142Kulinski, Salvatore S., 1018Kundsin, Ruth B., 383Kwolek, William F., 688Kyriakidis, N., 61
Lakhe, S. B., 421Lallier, R., 56Lance, J. Clarence, 83Lang, Douglas S., 1002Larkin, E. P., 200Laserna, E. C., 174Laube, Victoria M., 413Leblanc, D., 56LeChevallier, Mark W., 159Lee, C. Y., 1128Lee, L. S., 446Lembke, Linda L., 222Levin, M. A., 427, 433Lewis, David L., 698Lewis, George E., Jr., 1018Li, S. W., 830Lindley, N. D., 629Lindstrom, E. Borje, 985Loh, Philip C., 824Lowe, 5. K., 357Lowendorf, Henry S., 951Lupton, F. S., 1085
Macdonald, C. R., 408MacDonald, S. M., 916Macrae, Wendy R., 204Maczulak, A. E., 856Malecka-Griggs, Blanche, 850Mancinelli, Rocco L., 70Mann, D. C., 830Mantle, P. G., 61Mara, D. Duncan, 1037Marcus, Michael D., 936Marks, S. N., 303Marrie, Thomas J., 1093Marshall, K. C., 1085Marshall, Kevin C., 751Marshall, R., 493Martin, Stanley M., 413Maruyama, Hiromi B., 187Masuda, Noriyuki, 394, 912Mathewson, John J., 1123Mavrommatti, Christofili, 615McCarty, Ivon E., 381McClellan, J. Forbes, 667McCormick, N. G., 817McDougal, L. Kirven, 109McKay, Christopher P., 70McKay, Larry L., 897, 904McMeekin, T. A., 130McMillian, William W., 249Melnick, Joseph L., 762Metaxopoulos, J., 863Metzger, Joseph F., 1018Meyer, Ortwin, 211Miller, Terry L., 400Misra, R. S., 389Mitchell, Ralph, 720Mittal, K. R., 56Mollaret, H. H., 35Montville, Thomas J., 734Moore, Norman F., 308Moore, Rebecca S., 963, 976Moore, Richard L., 751Morita, Richard Y., 533, 792Morris, Sheldon L., 958Mountfort, Douglas O., 252, 1103Mukai, Hiroshi, 394Muller, E., 439Mundt, J. Orvin, 381Munevar, Fernando, 272Murray, William D., 502Murthy, V. Sreenivasa, 758
Nabe, Koichi, 605, 773Nabors, William, 850Nakamichi, Katsuhiko, 773Nauman, Robert K., 336Nedwell, David B., 985Newell, Steven Y., 23Ng, Thomas K., 231Nickels, J. S., 150Ninomiya, Rieko, 187Norberg, Per, 32Novelli, R. M., 200Nyland, G., 357
ii AUTHORINDEX
VOL. 42, 1981
Obi, Samuel K. C., 585Oda, Hiroshi, 394Ogata, Seiya, 135Ogawa, Mayumi, 187Olivier, G., 56Olsen, Ronald H., 737Oragui, John I., 1037Oremland, Ronald S., 122, 745Orrison, Leta H., 109Overbeck, Jurgen, 142
Paerl, Hans W., 216Palmquist, D. L., 856Panda, Fern A., 259Patel, T. R., 1010Patterson, D. S. P., 916Pedersen, Jan I., 1051Peeler, James T., 692Perkins, Robert E., 383Persi, Marguerite A., 364Peterkin, Pearl I., 63Pflug, I. J., 226Pierson, Merle D., 477Prabhala, R., 493Prins, R. A., 649
Raju, B. C., 357Rao, Koppaka V., 450Rao, V. Chalapati, 421Reddy, Michael M., 963Reichard, Douglas W., 1018Reid, Sharon J., 929Reinhardt, Donald J., 297, 850Remaley, A. T., 521Resnick, I. G., 427, 433Reyes, Antolin L., 692Rice, Eugene W., 546Riley, R. G., 830Robbins, John E., 556Roberts, B. A., 916Robertson, Betsy R., 708Rode, L. M., 20Rogers, J. E., 830Rohwedder, William K., 1132Ronnow, Peter H., 580Rosenberg, Mel, 375Rowan, R. G., 599Ruby, E. G., 317Runquist, Elizabeth A., 556
Saeed, Yusuf A., 550Sanders, M. E., 944Sandine, W. E., 786Sanem, Jane A., 548Sano, Takashi, 187Savage, Dwayne C., 513, 554, 996Sawada, Toyoaki, 187Schink, Bernhard, 526Schroth, Milton N., 872Schwartzbrod, Louis, 176Seaver, Alan, 843
AUTHOR INDEX iii
Sehulster, Lynne M., 762Seidler, Ramon J., 159, 277Seiler, Wolfgang, 211Seiter, J. A., 303Sequeira, L., 344Serie, Charles, 615Shantha, T., 758Sharpe, Anthony N., 63Shigeno, Debbie S., 277Shreeve, B. J., 916Shulls, Wells A., 70Siegel, Judith E., 996Simmons, G. M., 838Sinclair, James L., 667Singleton, Paul, 789Sizemore, Ronald K., 544Skjelkvale, Reidar, 596Slepecky, R. A., 79Smith, C. Jeff, 89Smith, David W., 740Smith, G. A., 150Smith, Geraldine M., 226Smith, Richard L., 116Smoot, Leslie A., 477Snellen, James E., 996Snook, Rene J., 897, 904Somerson, N., 838S0rensen, Jan, 5Spira, W. M., 730Spira, William M., 550Standridge, Jon H., 918Stanton, G. John, 469Stinson, J. V., 682St0rmer, Fredrik C., 1051Sturman, Lawrence S., 963, 976Suenaga, Hikaru, 135Suhara, Yasuji, 187Surdy, Ted E., 704Suriyarachchi, V. R., 574Suslow, Trevor V., 872Suzuki, Shuichi, 632Swann, Wayne E., 672
Taber, Willard A., 180Tall, Ben D., 336Tartaglia, J. S., 993Taylor, Barrie F., 590Taylor, Dene H., 963, 976Taylor, Steve L., 661Thomas, C. J., 130Thomas, J. Michele, 461Tiedje, James M., 1074Tinsley, Thomas W., 308Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, 615Trieff, Norman M., 469Tripathi, R. K., 389Triska, Frank J., 745Troller, J. A., 682Tsao, George T., 66, 284Tsuboi, Akio, 370Tsuchiya, Henry M., 259Tsukagoshi, Norihiro, 370
Twedt, Robert M., 692
Uchida, Tsuyoshi, 1130Udaka, Shigezo, 370Ueng, Pear P., 66Ueno, Yoshio, 541Umezurike, Gabriel M., 585Underwood, Anthony L., 560Uyenco, F., 174
VanCauwenberge, James E., 688van den Berg, L., 502Vandenbergh, Peter A., 737Van Nostrand, R. Craig, 222Vassiliadis, Peter, 615Veroy, R. L., 174Vesonder, Ronald F., 1132Villeval, Francois, 176Vincent, Warwick F., 565
Wadowsky, Robert M., 768Waghmare, S. V., 421Waight, E. S., 61Wainwright, M., 629Wallace, I., 493Walter, Carl W., 383Walther, R., 439Wang, De-Shin, 83Ward, James C., 526Weaver, R. W., 97Wehby, Albert J., 692Weisner, Nghe T., 450Weilman, Angela M., 216WeUs, J. M., 357Wells, John M., 677Whatley, M. H., 344White, D. C., 150Whitmoyer, R. E., 599Whitt, Dixie D., 513,996Widstrom, Neil W., 249Wildung, R. E., 830Wilson, David M., 249Wimsatt, John C., 692Winsor, Donald K., 1123Wirsen, C. O., 317Witholt, Bernard, 811Wolin, Meyer J., 400Wollum, Arthur G., II, 272Woodams, E. E., 1128Woods, A., 344Woods, David R., 929Wright, Sara F., 97Wynberg, Hans, 811
Yamada, Hidehiko, 370Yamada, Shigeki, 605, 773Yasui, V. K., 493Yee, Robert B., 768Yokose, Kazuteru, 187Yoneda, Masahiko, 1130Yoshino, Sadazo, 135
Zamir, Lolita O., 168Zapatka, Francis A., 1057Zeikus, J. G., 231, 1029Zeikus, J. Gregory, 526
SUBJECT INDEX
VOLUME 42
Acanthamoeba polyphaganitrogen mineralization, 667
Acetivibrio cellulolyticusculture with Desulfovibrio sp. and M. barkeri for
cellulose conversion, 413Acetylene reduction
effect of salinity, 740in a marine Azotobacter, 740
Acid soilRhizobium survival, 951
Actinomycetesfeces, sewage, and freshwater, 1037
Adherence studiesin vitro membrane model, 364
Adhesionheterocysts of Anabaena, 1085
Aeromonas hydrophilagrowth on beef
anaerobiosis, 1043lactate, 1043pH, 1043
in estuarine environments, 544nonselectivity of RS medium, 544
Aeromonas speciesfrom fish, 56serogrouping, 56
Aflatoxin B,inhibition of maize RNA polymerase, 389
Aflatoxin biosynthesisby A. flavus, 758influence of TCA intermediates, 758
Aflatoxin contamination of preharvest corn, 249timing and method of inoculation, 249
Aflatoxin precursors, 168Agglutination
correlation with EPS production and pathogenicity,344
E. stewartii, 344Air sampling
in solid-waste handling facilities, 222precision of apparatus, 222
Alcaligenes spp.denitrification, 1074nitric oxide accumulation, 1074nitrite accumulation, 1074nitrous oxide accumulation, 1074
Alcohol produced from apple pomaceS. cerevisiae, 1128
Algaephosphorus-limited growth, 1002
Allium cepabacteria associated with, 585
A-1 mediumin fecal coliform enumeration, 918
Amines, secondary and tertiaryformation in municipal sewage, 461
Ammonia assimilatory enzymesin S. ruminantium, 89
iv
Anabaena heterocystsadhesion to, 1085
Anabaena spp.adhesion of bacteria to heterocysts, 1085
Anaerobic bacteria, identification offermentation product analysis, 878
Anaerobic digestorsapplication of '3C-nuclear magnetic resonance to
observation of metabolic interactions, 556Anaerobic spore outgrowth
monitoring method, 993AnaerobiosisA. hydrophila growth on beef, 1043E. cloacae growth on beef, 1043S. liquefaciens growth on beef, 1043Y. enterocolitica growth on beef, 1043
Anoxic estuarine sedimentsethane formation, 122
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria in drinking water, 277Antimicrobial resistance transfer in transport media,
548Apple pomace
alcohol production, 1128S. cerevisiae, 1128
Aquatic microbial communitiesgrowth and cell division of, 802
Arizona hinshawiiturkey vultures, 1123
Aspergillus, aflatoxin B,-producing strainprecursor recognition, 168
Aspergillus flavusaflatoxin biosynthesis, 758
Aspergillus flavus var. columnarisprotease isolation from, 619
Aspergillus nigercitric acid fermentation, 1
Aufwuchs microorganismstransformation of methyl parathion and diethyl
phthalate, 698Aureobasidium pullulans
inorganic sulfur oxidation, 629Autolysis-deficient mutant
C. acetobutylicum, 929Autolytic activity
C. acetobutylicum mutant, 929Autoplast formation
C. acetobutylicum, 929Azotobacter, marine
effect of salinity on nitrogen fixation, 740
Bacillus brevisprotein secretion, 370
Bacillus cereusS-nitrosothiol, 958spore components, 958transformation of quercetin, 450
Bacillus cereus spore germinationinhibition, 477
VOL. 42, 1981
Bacillus sphaericusnonsusceptibility of lizards, 638
Bacillus sporesheat resistance, 692
Bacillus stearothernophilus spores
effect of soybean casein digest agar lot on recovery,226
Bacillus subtilissurfactin production, 408
Bacillus thuringiensis mutantstoxicity for 0. nubilalis, 385
Bacterial adhesionheterocysts ofAnabaena spp., 1085
Bacterial indicators in shellfishing areas, 484Bacterial persistence in drinking water
effect of turbidity, 159Bacterial productivity
estimated by frequency of dividing cells, 23Bacteriocin-like substances in drinking water
coliform inhibition, 506Bacteriophages, waterborne
Y. enterocolitica, 35Bacteroides succinogenes
cellulase and xylanase release from, 886Bakers' yeast
D-xylulose fermentation, 284BeefA. hydrophila, 1043E. cloacae, 1043S. liquefaciens, 1043Y. enterocolitica, 1043
Benthic and planktonic nitrifiers in an oligotrophiclake, 565
nitrate accumulation, 565Betaine
fermentation by E. limosum, 439formation of N,N-dimethylglycine, acetic acid, and
butyric acid, 439Bifidobacteriaenumeration procedure, 427indicators of human fecal pollution, 433in sewage, feces, and septic tanks, 427survival in receiving waters, 433
Bile acidstransformation by C. perfringens, 394
Bile acid transformationby E. lentum, 912
Biodegradation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-tria-zine, 817
Biodegradation rates, 936Biological indicators, in monitoring steam sterilization,
383Biomass
bacterial plankton, 142microcomputer-assisted determination, 142
Biomass and community structure of detrital micro-biota, 150
effect of light, 150Blue-green alga
phosphorus-limited growth, 1002Brevianamides
formation in P. brevicompactum solid cultures, 521Bromine chloride
poliovirus inactivation, 824
SUBJECT INDEX v
Campylobacter fetusin frozen chicken, 32
Carbon flowin intertidal sediment, 252sulfate reduction and methanogenesis, 252
Carbon monoxide consumption by soilrole of carboxydobacteria, 211
Carboxydobacteriarole in atmospheric CO consumption by soil, 211
Carrageenan from Euchemain media for fungal and yeast cultures, 174
Catalase-aminotriazole assayH202 production by wood decay fungi, 921
Cell envelopes, E. colibinding of metals, 317
Cell envelope stabilitysubstrate capture by marine bacteria, 533
Cellulase activityC. thermocellum, 231T. reesei, 231
Cellulase release from B. succinogenes, 886Cellulose conversion
to methane and C02, 413triculture, 413
Cellulose fermentationfungus-methanogen interaction, 1103hydrogen formation, 1103
Chemotaxis assay using radioactively labeled bacterialcells, 216
Chicken, frozenenteropathogenic bacteria, 32
Chicken muscleattachment of Salmonella spp., 130
Chloramine-Tpoliovirus inactivation, 469
ChlorhexidineS. marcescens survival, 1093
Chlorination efficiency in drinking watereffect of turbidity, 159
Chlorinecomparison with chloramine-T, 469
Chloroaromatic compoundsbacteria that degrade, 737
4-Chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoic aciddehalogenation, 1062
Citreoviridinfrom molded pecan fragments, 677from P. charlesii, 677
Citric acid fermentationby A. niger, 1on cotton waste, 1on low sugar concentrations, 1
DL-[2-'3C]lactate fermentationin rumen of dairy cattle, 649role of M. elsdenii, 649
Clostridium acetobutylicumautolysis-deficient mutant, 929autoplast formation, 929
Clostridium botulinumimmunodiffusion method for detection, 1057
Clostridium botulinum spore germinationinhibition, 477
Clostridium botulinum sporesplating medium effect on heat activation, 734
APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.
Clostridium botulinum type G toxindetection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,
1018Clostridium perfringens
bile acid transformation, 394Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin
radiolabeling of, 596Clostridium spp.importance in pectin degradation, 526influence on wood tissue, 526
Clostridium thermocellumextracellular cellulase activity, 231
Coaliron pyrite removal from, 259
Cobalteffect on methanogenesis, 502
Cocci, gram-positiverecovery, 493
Coliform-fecal coliform sewage floraR factors, 204
Coliform inhibitionbacteriocin-like substances in drinking water, 506
Coliforms, fecalMF counting in water, 192
ConidiationP. brevicompactum, 521
Coprococcusphlorglucinol catabolism, 1010
Corn, preharvestaflatoxin contamination, 249
Corn agglutininE. stewartii agglutination, 344
Corn flour, dryinactivation of salmonellae on, 688
Corynebacterium diphtheriaemutants that produce toxin in medium with excess
iron, 1130Cotton waste
citric acid fermentation, 1c2 phage infection
S. cremoris KH, 944Cristispira spp. in oystersSEM, 336
Crude oileffect on glucose and glutamate uptake and respi-
ration, 792Cucumbers
L. plantarum, 1111P. cerevisiae, 1111
Culture medium for isolation of gram-negative bacte-ria, 303
Culture preservationfrozen and dry-film methylcellulose, 872
Dehalogenation of a model chlorinated compound,1062
DenitrificationAlcaligenes spp., 1074Flavobacterium sp., 1074kinetics, 1074nitric oxide accumulation, 1074nitrite accumulation, 1074nitrous oxide accumulation, 1074P. fluorescens, 1074
Denitrification associated with periphytoncommunities, 745
Deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis ratewith RNA synthesis rate for estimating growth and
cell division, 802Desulfovibrio sp.
culture with A. cellulolyticus and M. barkeri forcellulose conversion, 413
Detrital microbiota, estuarineeffect of light, 150
Dichloraninhibitor of mold spreading in fungal plating media,
656Diethyl phthalate
transformation by aufwuchs, 698Direct sampling method
for nebulizer surveillance, 850Dividing cells, frequency
as estimator of bacterial productivity, 23Drinking water
bacteriocin-like substances, 506multiply antibiotic-resistant bacteria in, 277virus detection, 421
Drosophila paulistorum male sterility agentin E. kuehniella, 838
Dyesmutagenicity testing of, 641
Ecology of 0. rubescens, 102Edwardsiella tarda
turkey vultures, 1123Eichornia crassipes
V. cholerae uptake, 550Electrolyte composition
poliovirus adsorption by soils and minerals, 976Electron donors for sediment sulfate reduction, 116Electrophoretic protein patterntaxonomic tool for Moraxella spp., 351
Enterobacter cloacaegrowth on beef
anaerobiosis, 1043lactate, 1043pH, 1043
Enteropathogenic bacteria in frozen chicken, 32Enterotoxin, endogenous radiolabeled
C. perfringens type A, 596Enterotoxin, heat-stableantibody to, 611E. coli, 611
Enterovirusesrecovery from sewage sludge, 1023
Environmental isolates of L. pneumophilaantimicrobial susceptibility, 109cellular fatty acid composition, 109characterization, 109enzyme activities, 109
Enzyme activities in mouse intestinal mucosa extractsinfluence of microbiota, 513
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assayC. botulinum type G toxin, 1018
Ephestia kuehniellaD. paulistorum male sterility agent, 838
Epithelial cell culture medianonfat dry milk filtrate as serum substitute, 200
vi SUBJECT INDEX
SUBJECT INDEX vii
Epithelial cell transit timemouse small intestine, 996
Epoxide synthesis by P. oleovorans, 811during growth in a 1-octene-containing system, 811
Erwinia stewartiiagglutination by corn agglutinin, 344
Erwinia stewartii plasmids, 599Escherichia coli
binding of metals to cell envelopes, 325R-plasmid transfer below 220C, 789
Escherichia coli cellspolyurethane immobilized, 672
Escherichia coli enterotoxin, antibody to, 611Ethane
microbial formation in anoxic estuarine sediments,122 a
Ethanol production by D-xylulose, 284Ethylene glycol oxidationby a salt-requiring bacterium, 180
Eubacterium lentumbile acid transformation, 912
Eubacterium limosumbetaine fermentation, 439rumen and sewage sludge strains, 12, 20syntrophic association with L. multiparus, 20
Euchema striatumcarrageenan from, 174
European corn borertoxicity of B. thuringiensis Spo- Cr' mutants, 385
Eutrophic lakebacterial sulfate reduction, 1029
Eye shadowsin-use store display testers, 297microbial contamination, 297
Fatty acids, long-chaineffect on rumen bacterial growth, 856
Fecal coliform enumerationin chlorinated wastewaters, 918technique using A-1 medium, 918
Fecal coliformspresumptive media, 1125shellfish, 1125
Fecal coliforms in seawater and shellfishmodification of MPN procedure, 184
Fecal coliforms in watermembrane filtration counting, 192
Fecal pollutionbifidobacteria as indicators, 433YN-6 technique for determining type and source,
433Feces
R. coprophilus and associated actinomycetes, 1037Fermentation
large intestine microbial community, 400Fermentation product analysis
liquid chromatographic procedure, 878Filtering out food debris, 63Fishhold slime Moraxella spp.
cell envelope protein profile, 351Fixed-film reactors, methanogenic
effect of Ni, Co, and Mo, 502Flavobacterium rigense
L-glutamine production, 605
Flavobacterium sp.denitrification, 1074nitric oxide accumulation, 1074nitrite accumulation, 1074nitrous oxide accumulation, 1074
Food, virological analysisimproved method, 176
Food debrisremoval before microbiological analysis, 63
Fractional factorial designevaluation of biodegradation rates, 936
FreezingY. enterocolitica cell injury, 464
FreshwaterR. coprophilus and associated actinomycetes, 1037
Fungal plating mediadichloran inhibition of mold colony diameter, 656
Fungi, anaerobicisolated from rumen, 1119
Fungus-methanogen interactioncellulose fermentation, 1103hydrogen formation, 1103
Fusariumvomitoxin, 1132zearalenone, 1132
Fusarium sporotrichioidestwo new trichothecenes, 541
Gallus domestica yolk membraneused to study adherence, 364
Gamma radiationY. enterocolitica inactivation, 464
Giardia lamblia cystsinactivation by UV irradiation, 546
Glucose uptake and respirationeffect of crude oil, 792
Glutamate uptake and respirationeffect of crude oil, 792
L-Glutamine productionF. rigense, 605
Glycine-containing selective medium for Legionella-ceae, 768
Gonometa podocarpiisolation and characterization of an NPV, 308
Gram-negative bacteriafrom ground meats, 303medium for isolation, 303
Grass rootsnitrogen-fixing bacteria, 97
Green algaphosphorus-limited growth, 1002
Ground meatsgram-negative bacteria from, 303
Hansenula polymorphaoverproduction of tryptophan, 497
Heat resistance of Bacillus spores, 692Heat sensitization of bacterial spores, 79
after exposure to intercalating agents, 79Hepatitis B virus antigensNaOCl treatment of, 762
Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinebiodegradation of, 817
High-performance liquid chromatography
VOL. 42, 1981
APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.
fermentation product analysis, 878Histoplasma capsulatum displaying growth factor ac-
tivityhydroxamic acid from, 560
Hungate roll tube techniquefungus isolation, 1119
Hydrocarbon metabolism in seawater, 708Hydrogen
substrate for sulfur reduction in sediment, 5Hydrogen peroxide productionby wood decay fungi, 921catalase-aminotriazole assay, 921
Hydrophobicity, bacterialreplica method of screening, 375
Hydrothermal ventschemolithotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, 317
Hydroxamic acidfrom H. capsulatum displaying growth factor activ-
ity, 560Hydroxylation, regio-selective, of patchoulol, 187(4R)-4-hydroxyochratoxin formation
liver microsomes, 1051(4S)-4-hydroxyochratoxin formation
liver microsomes, 1051Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases
in C. perfringens, 394Hyphomicrobiaattachment and rosette formation by, 751
ImmunodiffusionC. botulinum detection, 1057
Immunofluorescenceenumeration of rhizobia in tropical soils, 241
Inactivation, thermal, of salmonellae, 688Inorganic sulfur oxidation by A. pullulans, 629Intestinal mucosa extracts, mice
protein and enzyme activities, 513Iron oxide
virus detection in drinking water, 421Iron pyrite
kinetics of removal from coal, 259Isopod, wood-boring, microflora of, 720
Kinetic pulse-labelingprecursors in aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus strain,
168Klebsiella pneumoniae
source and extent in the paper industry, 779
Lachnospira multiparussyntrophic association with E. lentum, 20
LactateA. hydrophila growth on beef, 1043E. cloacae growth on beef, 1043S. liquefaciens growth on beef, 1043Y. enterocolitica growth on beef, 1043
Lactic acid bacteriaacid and diacetyl production, 682moisture requirements for growth, 682
Lactobacillus plantarumgas-exchanged, brined cucumbers, 1111
Lactobacillus sanfranciscogrowth stimulant, 786
Lactose-fermenting abilitytransfer from S. cremoris to S. lactis, 904
Lactose metabolismtransduction by S. cremoris C3 phage, 897
Lake, eutrophicbacterial sulfate reduction, 1029
Large intestine, humanfermentation by microbial community, 400
Legionellaceaemedium for isolation, 768
Legionella pneumophilaenvironmental isolates, 109
Lignin degradationin P. chrysosporium, 290nutritional regulation, 290
Lignocellulosesdegradation by Streptomyces strains, 378softwood, hardwood, and grass, 378
Limulus amoebocyte lysate methodfor nebulizer surveillance, 850
Lipopolysaccharide core defectseffect on S. typhimurium resistance to stress, 843
Liver microsomes(4R)-4-hydroxyochratoxin formation, 1051(4S)-4-hydroxyochratoxin formation, 1051
Lizardsnonsusceptibility to B. sphaericus, 638
Lysogenicityin S. azureus, 135
Maize RNA polymeraseeffect of aflatoxin B,, 389
Marine sediments, Arctic and subarcticglucose uptake and respiration, 792glutamate uptake and respiration, 792
Meat productssalmonella isolation, 615
Media for fungal and yeast culturesprepared with Euchema carrageenan, 174
Megasphaera elsdeniirole in DL-[2-'3C]lactate fermentation, 649
Membrane filtrationmedia for counting fecal coliforms in water, 192
Metalsbinding to E. coli cell envelopes, 325
Methane content, soilmethylotrophs as an index, 70
Methane from cellulose by triculture, 413Methane production, sulfide-dependent, 580Methanogenesis
efect of pollution, 252effect of Ni, Co, and Mo, 502versus sulfate reduction in terminal carbon flow in
sediment, 252Methanogen-fungus interaction
cellulose fermentation, 1103hydrogen formation, 1103
Methanogenic bacterium, thermophilicgrowth, 580
Methanol-oxidizing bacteriaas index of soil methane content, 70
Methanosarcina barkericulture with A. cellulolyticus and Desulfovibrio sp.
for cellulose conversion, 413
viii SUBJECT INDEX
SUBJECT INDEX ix
Methylcellulose, dry-filmbacterial culture preservation, 872
Methylcellulose, frozenbacterial culture preservation, 872
Methyl parathiontransformation by aufwuchs, 698
Mice, germfree and ex-germfreeepithelial cell transit time in small intestine, 996
Microbial catalysisremoval of iron pyrite from coal, 259
Microcomputer-assisted biomass determination, 142plankton bacteria, 142
Microflora, external, of wood-boring isopod, 720Minerals
poliovirus adsorption, 963, 976Mold colony diameter
inhibition by dichloran, 656Molybdenum
effect on methanogenesis, 502Moraxella spp.
electrophoretic protein pattern for taxonomy, 351Most-probable-number procedure, modification
fecal coliforms in seawater and shellfish, 184Mutagenicity of dyes, 641Mycotoxin production
P. viridicatum, 446
Naphthalene degradationeffect of N source on end products of, 74
Naphthalenesulfonic acidscatabolism by Pseudomonas spp.,44
Naphthalenesulfonic acid-utilizing pseudomonadsenrichment and isolation, 39
Naphthoquinone mycotoxinsproduction by P. viridicatum, 446
Nebulizer surveillance and samplingtwo methods, 850
Nickeleffect on methanogenesis, 502
Nitrate accumulation in aerobic hypolimnia, 565Nitric oxide accumulationAlcaligenes spp., 1074Flavobacterium sp., 1074kinetics, 1074P. fluorescens, 1074
Nitrifiers, benthic and planktonicnitrate accumulation in hypolimnia, 565
Nitrite accumulationAlcaligenes sp., 1074denitrification, 1074Flavobacterium sp., 1074kinetics, 1074P. fluorescens, 1074
Nitrogen-fixing bacteriafrom forage grass roots, 97
Nitrogen mineralizationby A. polyphaga, 667in P. paucimobilis populations, 667-
Nitrogen sourceeffect on naphthalene degradation end products, 74
S-Nitrosothiolbacteriostatic effect, 958
Nitrous oxide accumulationAlcaligenes spp., 1074
Flavobacterium sp., 1074kinetics, 1074P. fluorescens, 1074
Nonfat dry milk filtrateserum substitute in epithelial cell culture media, 200
Nuclear magnetic resonance, 13Capplication to observation of metabolic interactions
in anaerobic digestors, 556Nuclear polyhedrosis virus
isolated from G. podocarpi, 308
Ochratoxin A metabolism, 1051Oil shale retort water
degradation of organic components, 830Onions, rotted
pectin enzyme activities of bacteria, 585Organic acids
degradation in oil shale retort water, 830Oscillatoria rubescens
influence of temperature, oxygen, pH, 102Oxidation of ethylene glycol, 180Oysters
Cristispira spp., 336
Paper industryfecal coliform concentrations, 779K. pneumoniae concentrations, 779
Patchoulol10-hydroxylation by Pithomyces sp., 187
Pecans, molded fragmentscitreoviridin isolation, 677
Pectin degradationby Clostridium species, 526wetwood microbiology, 526
Pectin enzyme activitiesbacteria associated with rotted onions, 585
Pectin mediumE. lentum-L. multiparus syntrophy during growth,
20Pediococcus cerevisiae
gas-exchanged, brined cucumbers, 1111Penicillium brevicompactum solid cultures
brevianamide A and B formation, 521Penicillium charlesii
citreoviridin isolation, 677Penicillium crustosum
penitrem E, 61Penicillium viridicatumnaphthoquinone mycotoxin production, 446taxonomy, 446
Penitrem Efrom P. crustosum, 61relative tremorgenic potency, 61
Peptococcusculture media and recovery efficiency, 493
Peptostreptococcusculture media and recovery efficiency, 493
Periphyton communities, denitrificationassociated with, 745
pHA. hydrophila growth on beef, 1043E. cloacae growth on beef, 1043poliovirus adsorption by soils and minerals, 976S. liquefaciens growth on beef, 1043
VOL. 42, 1981
APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.
Y. enterocolitica growth on beef, 1043Phanerochaete chrysosporium
lignin degradation, 290L-Phenylalanine productionfrom trans-cinnamic acid, 773using R. glutinis containing L-phenylalanine am-
monia-lyase, 773Phlorglucinol catabolism
Coprococcus, 1010Phony peach diseasemedium for isolation of bacteria associated with, 357
Phosphorus-limited growthgreen and blue-green algae, 1002
Phthalate biodegradation in marine regions, 590Phthalic acid esters, biodegradation, 590Piezoelectric membranes
in determination of microbial populations, 632Piggery effluent disposal land
pollution indicator bacteria, 453Pithomyces species
hydroxylation of patchoulol, 187Plankton, bacterialmicrocomputer-assisted biomass determination on
SEM, 142Plasmids, E. stewartii, 599Plating medium
effect on heat activation of C. botulinum spores, 734Plesiomonas shigelloides
turkey vultures, 1123Plum leaf scald diseasemedium for isolation of bacteria associated with, 357
Poliovirusadsorption by minerals and soils, 963, 976inactivation by chloramine-T, 469
Poliovirus adsorption to and elution from food, 176Poliovirus inactivation by BrCl, 824Pollution indicator bacteriaon land used for disposal of piggery effluent, 453
Polystyrenebacterial adherence, 375
Polyurethane-immobilized E. coli cellsL-aspartic acid production, 672
Proteases, alkaline and neutralisolation from A. flavus var. columnaris, 619
Protein levels in mouse intestinal mucosa extractsinfluence of microbiota, 513
Protein secretioneffect of phosphate in medium, 370in B. brevis, 370
Pseudomonadscatabolism of naphthalenesulfonic acids, 44naphthalenesulfonic acid utilizing, 39
Pseudomonas fluorescensdenitrification, 1074nitric oxide accumulation, 1074nitrite accumulation, 1074nitrous oxide accumulation, 1074
Pseudomonas oleovoranselevated epoxide synthesis, 811
Pseudomonas paucimobilis, grazed populationsnitrogen mineralization by A. polyphaga, 667
Pseudomonas spp.naphthalenesulfonic acid catabolism, 39
Quercetin
transformation by B. cereus, 450transformed into protocatechuic acid and isoquer-
citrin, 450
Rappaport-Vassiliadis enrichment brothisolation of salmonellae from meat products, 615
Rldrd-19 in E. coliconjugal transfer below 22°C, 789
Recovery of anaerobic gram-positive cocci, 493R factors
in sewage flora, 204Rhizobium
survival in acid soils, 951Rhizobiumjaponicum
growth at temperatures above 27°C, 272high-temperature-tolerant strains, 272
Rhizobium spp.IF enumeration, 241release from tropical soils, 241
Rhodococcus coprophilusfeces, sewage, and freshwater, 1037
Rhodotorula glutinisL-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, 773
Ribonucleic acid polymerase, maizeeffect of aflatoxin B,, 389
Ribonucleic acid synthesis ratewith DNA synthesis rate for estimating growth and
cell division, 802Rickettsia-like bacteria
isolation medium, 357Rimler-Schotts medium
nonselectivity for A. hydrophila, 544Rosette formationby hyphomicrobia, 751
R-plasmid transfer below 22°CRldrd-19 in E. coli, 789
Rumenfungi isolated from, 1119
Rumen, dairy cattleDL-[2-'3C]lactate fermentation, 649
Rumen bacteriaeffect of fatty acids on growth, 856
Saccharomyces cerevisiaealcohol produced from apple pomace, 1128population determination method, 632D-xylulose fermentation to ethanol, 284
Salami, Italian drycommercial production, 863staphylococcal growth in, 863
Salinityeffect on acetylene reduction, 740
Salivary syndrome in horsesslaframine in red clover hay, 1067
Salmonella isolationfrom contaminated meat products, 615use of RV broth, 615
Salmonella serotypesthermal inactivation on dry corn flour, 688
Salmonella sp.turkey vultures, 1123
Salmonella spp.attachment to chicken muscle, 130
Salmonella typhimurium
x SUBJECT INDEX
SUBJECT INDEX xi
effect of defined LPS core defects on resistance tostress, 843
Salmonellaefrozen chicken, 32soy products, 704
Salt marsh sedimentsulfate-reducing bacteria, 985
Salt-requiring bacteriumethylene glycol oxidation, 180
Scanning electron micrographsbacterial plankton biomass, 142
Scanning electron microscopy of Cristispira spp. inoysters, 336
Seawater, hydrocarbon metabolism in, 708Sediment, marine
sulfate reduction, 5Sediment, salt marsh
sulfate-reducing bacteria, 985Sediment bacterial indicators in shellfishing areas, 484Sediments, anoxic estuarineethane formation, 122
Sediments, intertidalterminal carbon flow, 252
Sediment sulfate reductionelectron donors for, 116
Selenomonas ruminantiumammonia assimilatory enzymes, 89urease regulation, 89
Semicontinuous culture systemfermentation by human large intestine microbial
community, 400Serogrouping
motile Aeromonas strains, 56Serratia liquefaciensgrowth on beef
anaerobiosis, 1043lactate, 1043pH, 1043
Serratia marcescenssurvival in chlorhexidine, 1093
SewageR. coprophilus and associated actinomycetes, 1037
Sewage, municipalamine formation, 461
Sewage floraR factors, 204
Sewage sludgeenterovirus recovery, 1023isolation of E. limosum, 12
Sheep rumenisolation of E. limosum, 12
Shellfishfecal coliform detection, 1125
Shellfishing areassediment bacterial indicators, 484
Slaframinered clover hay, 1067salivary syndrome in horses, 1067
Sodium hypochlorite disinfectionHBV antigens, alteration of, 762
Soil, CO consumption by, 211Soil columns
virus removal through, 83Soil fungi
verruculogen production, 916Soil methane content
methanol-oxidizing bacteria as an index, 70Soil permeability
effect on virus removal through soil columns, 83Soils
poliovirus adsorption, 963, 976Solid-waste handling facilities
air sampling in, 222Sorbate inhibition of spore germination, 477
B. cereus, 477C. botulinum, 477
Sorghum bicolor juicesmicrobial changes in, 381
Soybean casein digest agareffect of lot on B. stearothermophilus spore recov-
ery, 226Soy products
detection of salmonellae in, 704Soy sauce koji mold
protease isolation from, 619Spore germination
B. cereus T, 477C. botulinum 62A, 477sorbate inhibition, 477
Spore outgrowth, anaerobicmonitoring method, 993
Spores, bacterialheat sensitization, 79
Staphylococcigrowth in Italian dry salami, 863
Statistical analysisfractional factorial design, 936
Steam sterilization of surgical instruments, monitor-ing, 383
Streptococcus cremoristransfer of lactose-fermenting ability, 904
Streptococcus cremoris C3 phagelactose metabolism transduction, 897
Streptococcus cremoris KHcell restriction and modification, 944c2 phage infection, 944plasmid linkage, 944
Streptococcus lactistransfer of lactose-fermenting ability, 904
Streptomyces azureusspecific lysogenicity, 135
Streptomyces strainssoftwood, hardwood, and grass lignocellulose deg-
radation, 378Substrate capture by marine bacteria, 533
relationship of cell envelope stability, 533Sugars as carbon and energy sources
effects of pH, 554Sulfate-reducing bacteria
eutrophic lake sediments, 116salt marsh sediment, 985
Sulfate-reducing bacteria in sedimentVFA and hydrogen as substrates, 5
Sulfate reductioneffect of pollution, 252versus methanogenesis in terminal carbon flow in
sediment, 252Sulfate reduction, bacterial
VOL. 42, 1981
xii SUBJECT INDEX
eutrophic lake, 1029Sulfide-dependent methane production, 580Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, chemolithotrophicfrom hydrothermal vents, 317
Surfactin productionenhanced by continuous product removal, 408enhanced by metal cation addition, 408from B. subtilis, 408
Sweet sorghum juicesmicrobial changes in, 381
Swine, Y. enterocolitica in, 661
Torulopsis pintolopesiipH and growth in media containing various sugars,
554Toxin
C. diphtheriae, 1130Fusarium, 1132
trans-Cinnamic acidL-phenylalanine production, 773
Transport mediaantimicrobial resistance transfer, 548
Tricarboxylic acid intermediatesinfluence on aflatoxin biosynthesis, 758
Trichoderma reeseiextracellular cellulase activity, 231
Trichothecenesfrom F. sporotrichioides, 541
Tropical soilsenumeration of Rhizobium spp. in, 241
Tryptophan overproductionenzymatic basis, 497in H. polymorpha, 497
Turbidity in potable water, 159Turkey vultures (Cathartes aura)A. hinshawii, 1123E. tarda, 1123P. shigelloides, 1123Salmonella sp., 1123
Ultraviolet irradiationG. lamblia cyst inactivation, 546
Urease regulationin S. ruminantium, 89
Verruculogen produced by soil fungi, 916Vibrio cholerae biotype eltoruptake from contaminated water by water hyacinth,
550Vibrio cholerae recoveryfrom contaminated waters, 730gauze filtration and enrichment procedure, 730
APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.
Virus concentration with iron oxide, 421Virus recovery from wastewater
use of positively charged filters, 921Virus removal through soil columns, 83Vitelline of G. domesticaused to study adherence, 364
Volatile fatty acidssubstrates for sulfate reduction in sediment, 5
VomitoxinFusarium isolates, 1132
Wastewater effluentsvirus recovery, 921
Water activityeffect on growth of lactic acid bacteria, 682
Waterborne bacteriophagesY. enterocolitica, 35
Water hyacinthV. cholerae biotype eltor uptake, 550
Wetwoodpectin degradation, 526
Wood-boring isopod microflora, 720
Xylanase release from B. succinogenes, 886D-Xylose
preparation of D-xylulose, 66selective consumption by microorganisms, 66
D-Xylulosepreparation from D-xylose, 66
D-Xylulose fermentationby S. cerevisiae, 284to ethanol, 284
Yeast extractgrowth stimulant for L. sanfrancisco, 786
Yeasts in yogurtsoccurrence and growth, 574
Yersinia enterocoliticagrowth on beef
anaerobiosis, 1043lactate, 1043pH, 1043
inactivation by radiation and freezing, 464in frozen chicken, 32isolation from porcine tongues, 661waterborne phages active on, 35
Yogurtsgrowth of yeasts, 574
Yolk membrane of G. domesticaused to study adherence, 364
ZearalenoneFusarium isolates, 1132
APPLIED AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
MICROBIOLOGY
VOLUME 42
WASHINGTON, DC 20006
1981
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTALMICROBIOLOGY
VOLUME 42 0 1981
EDITORIAL BOARDJames M. Tiedje, Editor-in-Chief (1985)Michigan State University, East Lansing
Robert T. Belly, Editor (1984)Eastman Kodak Company
Rochester, New York
A. L. Demain, Editor (1982)Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
Martin S. Favero, Editor (1985)Centerfor Disease Control,
Phoenix, ArizonaRobert B. Hespell, Editor (1985)
University of Illinois, UrbanaJohn J. landolo, Editor (1986)
Kansas State UniversityManhattan, Kansas
Ronald Atlas (1983)Richard Bartha (1982)Barry L. Batzing (1983)Larry W. Belser (1983)Joan W. Bennett (1981)Merlin Bergdoll (1981)Jean-Marc Bollag (1983)Charles Boylen (1982)John A. Breznak (1983)Lee A. Bulla, Jr. (1983)Victor Cabelli (1982)Douglas E. Caldwell (1983)Paul E. Came (1982)Tom D. Y. Chin (1983)Richard T. J. Clarke (1981)Michael A. Cole (1982)Richard A. Consigli (1982)Ronald L. Crawford (1983)Frank Dazzo (1982)Burl A. Dehority (1983)Steven W. Drew (1981)Hugh W. Ducklow (1983)Richard Elander (1982)Douglas Eveleigh (1982)Samuel R. Farrah (1983)William R. Finnerty (1983)Carl B. Fliermans (1981)Heinz G. Floss (1983)Dennis Focht (1982)
Edwin E. Geldreich (1982)Charles Gerba (1982)Richard E. Goldstrand (1982)C. P. Leslie Grady, Jr. (1982)Charles Hagedorn III (1982)George Hegeman (1983)Bruce Hamilton (1981)Melvin T. Hatch (1981)John C. Hoff (1982)David H. Hubbell (1981)John Johnson (1982)David M. Karl (1982)Edward Katz (1982)Roger Knowles (1982)Linda L. Lasure (1983)Paul Lemke (1982)Carol Litchfield (1983)Allen J. Markovetz (1983)Prakash Masurekar (1982)Gordon A. McFeters (1981)Larry L. McKay (1983)Terry L. Miller (1982)Thomas Montville (1983)Richard Morita (1982)Claude H. Nash (1981)Betty H. Olson (1982)Ronald Oremiand (1982)
Frederick C. Pearson (1982)W. 0. Pipes (1981)Hap Pritchard (1982)Donald J. Reasoner (1982)C. A. Reddy (1982)Douglas Ribbons (1982)Antonio H. Romano (1983)John P. Rosazza (1982)Abigail A. Salyers (1983)Dwayne Savage (1982)Robert D. Schwartz (1982)Oldrich K. Sebek (1983)Surendra N. Sehgal (1983)John McN. Sieburth (1981)David C. Steroberg (1983)Hiroshi Sugiyama (1981)Anne 0. Summers (1982)Jon H. Tuttle (1983)Claude Vezina (1982)Edward Voss (1981)D. 1. C. Wang (198 1)David M. Ward (1983)David White (1982)R. P. Williams (1981)Meyer J. Wolin (1982)Richard T. Wright (1983)William Yotis (1982)Stanley A. Zahler (1982)Alexander Zehnder (1982)
Walter G. Peter III, Managing EditorGiselia Pollock, Assistant Managing Editor
Perry Turner, Production Editor1913 I St., NW, Washington, DC 20006
EX OFFICIOFrederick C. Neidhardt, President (1981-1982)
J. Mehsen Joseph, Secretary
Applied and Environmental Microbiologv (ISSN 0099-2240). apublication of the American Society for Microbiology, 1913 1 St..NW. Washington. DC 20006. is devoted to the advancement anddissemination of applied knowledge as well as ecological knowl-edge. both applied and fundamental. concerning microorganisms.Instructions to Authors are published in the January issue eachyear: reprints are available from the Editors and the PublicationsOffice. Applied and Environmental Microbiology is publishedmonthly. two volumes per year. The nonmember subscriptionprice is $90 per year. The member subscription price is $23 peryear. Single copies are $9. Correspondence relating to subscrip-tions. nonreceipt ofjournals. reprints. defective copies. availabil-ity of back issues. and lost or late proofs should be directed tothe ASM Publications Office. 1913 1 St.. NW. Washington, DC20006 (area 202-833-9680).
John C. Sherris, President-Elect (1981-1982)Brinton M. Miller, Treasurer
Second-class postage paid at Washington, DC 20006. and aladditional mailing offices.Made in the United States of America.Copyright i 1981. American Society for Microbiology.All Rights Reserved.
The code at the top of the first page of an article in this journalindicates the copyright owner's consent that copies of the articlemay be made for personal use, or for personal use of specificclients. This consent is given on the condition. however. that thecopier pay the stated per-copy fee through the Copyright Clear-ance Center. Inc.. P.O. Box 765. Schenectady. New York 12301.for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 and 108 ofthe U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to otherkinds of copying. such as copying for general distribution. foradvertising or promotional purposes. for creating new collectiveworks. or for resale.
Volume 42 Contents for July 1981 Number 1
Metabolism, Growth, and Industrial MicrobiologyCitric Acid Fermentation by Aspergillus niger on Low Sugar Con-
centrations and Cotton Waste. HILDEGARD KIEL,* RUMIAGUVRIN, AND YIGAL HENIS... ........ 1-4
Enrichment and Isolation of Naphthalenesulfonic Acid-UtilizingPseudomonads. C. BRILON, W. BECKMANN, M. HELLWIG, ANDH.-J. KNACKMUSS* ....................................... 39-43
Catabolism of Naphthalenesulfonic Acids by Pseudomonas sp. A3and Pseudomonas sp. C22. C. BRILON, W. BECKMANN, ANDH.-J. KNACKMUSS* ......... .. .. ......... ........... 44-55
Enzymatic and Microbial Preparation of D-Xylulose from D-Xylose. LIN-CHANG CHIANG,* HUMG-YU HSIAO, PEAR P.UENG, AND GEORGE T. TSAO.... 66-69
Effect of Nitrogen Source on End Products of Naphthalene Degra-dation. HAZEL G. ARANHA AND LEWIS R. BROWN* 74-78
Specific Lysogenicity in Streptomyces azureus. SEIYA OGATA,*SADAZO YOSHINo, HIKARU SUENAGA, KOJI AOYAMA, NAKAOKITAJIMA, AND SHINSAKU HAYASHIDA.. 135-141
Food Microbiology and ToxicologyEnteropathogenic Bacteria in Frozen Chicken. PER NORBERG ... 32-34Filtering Out Food Debris Before Microbiological Analysis. PEARL
I. PETERKIN * AND ANTHONY N. SHARPE... 63-65Heat Sensitization of Bacterial Spores After Exposure to Ethidium
Bromide, Acriflavine, or Daunomycin. J. H. HANLIN, M. J. -
CLOUTIER, AND R. A. SLEPECKY*.. 79-82Attachment of Salmonella spp. to Chicken Muscle Surfaces. C. J.
THOMAS* AND T. A. MCMEEKIN ........................... 130-134Improved Method for Virological Analysis of Food. CHANTAL
FINANCE, FRANCOIS VILLEVAL, JEAN-CLAUDE BLOCK, ANDLOUIS SCHWARTZBROD* ..... 176-179
MycotoxinsNovel Metabolites from Penicillium crustosum, Including Penitrem
E, a Tremorgenic Mycotoxin. N. KYRIAKIDIS, E. S. WAIGHT, J.B. DAY, AND P. G. MANTLE*.. 61-62
Precursor Recognition by Kinetic Pulse-Labeling in a ToxigenicAflatoxin Br-Producing Strain of Aspergillus. L. 0. ZAMIR*AND K. D. HUFFORD ............ 168-173
Applied Environmental and Public Health MicrobiologyMethanol-Oxidizing Bacteria Used as an Index of Soil Methane
Content. Rocco L. MANCINELLI, WELLS A. SHULLS,* ANDCHRISTOPHER P. McKAY ........... 70-73
Effect of Soil Permeability on Virus Removal Through Soil Col-umns. DE-SHIN WANG, CHARLES P. GERBA,* AND J. CLAR-ENCE LANCE.83-88
Characteristics of Environmental Isolates of Legionella pneumo-phila. LETA H. ORRISON, WILLIAM B. CHERRY,* CARL B.FLIERMANS, SALLY B. DEES, L. KIRVEN MCDOUGAL, AND DAVIDJ. DODD ............... ......... .......... .......... 109-115
Asterisk refers to person to whom inquiries regarding the paper should be addressed.
CONTENTS
Effect of Turbidity on Chlorination Efficiency and Bacterial Persist-ence in Drinking Water. MARK W. LECHEVALLIER, T. M.EVANS, AND RAMON J. SEIDLER* ....... ................... 159-167
Modification of the Standard Most-Probable-Number Procedure forFecal Coliform Bacteria in Seawater and Shellfish. FRANKLINDEXTER................. 184-185
General Microbial EcologyVolatile Fatty Acids and Hydrogen as Substrates for Sulfate-Reduc-
ing Bacteria in Anaerobic Marine Sediment. JAN S0RENSEN,*DORTE CHRISTENSEN, AND Bo BARKER J0RGENSEN ......... 5-11
Features of Rumen and Sewage Sludge Strains of Eubacteriumlimosum, a Methanol- and H2-CO2-Utilizing Species. B. R.SHARAK GENTHNER, C. L. DAVIS, AND M. P. BRYANT* ....... 12-19
Syntrophic Association by Cocultures of the Methanol- and C02-H2-Utilizing Species Eubacterium limosum and Pectin-FermentingLachnospira multiparus During Growth in a Pectin Medium.L. M. RODE, B. R. SHARAK GENTHNER, AND M. P. BRYANT* .. 20-22
Frequency of Dividing Cells as an Estimator of Bacterial Productiv-ity. STEVEN Y. NEWELL* AND ROBERT R. CHRISTIAN ....... 23-31
New Waterborne Bacteriophages Active on Yersinia enterocoli-tica. C. CALVO, * J. BRAULT, J. M. ALONSO, AND H. H.MOLLARET ............................................... 35-38
Serogrouping of Motile Aeromonas Species Isolated from Healthyand Moribund Fish. D. LEBLANC, K. R. MITTAL, G. OLIVIER,AND R. LALLIER* ............................. 56-60
Regulation of Urease and Ammonia Assimilatory Enzymes in Selen-omonas ruminantium. C. JEFF SMITH, ROBERT B. HESPELL,AND MARVIN P. BRYANT* ................................. 89-96
Enumeration and Identification of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria fromForage Grass Roots. SARA F. WRIGHT AND R. W. WEAVER* 97-101
Influence of Temperature, Oxygen, and pH on a Metalimnetic Pop-ulation of Oscillatoria rubescens. ALLAN KONOPKA ........ 102-108
Electron Donors Utilized by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in EutrophicLake Sediments. RICHARD L. SMITH* AND MICHAEL J. KLUG 116-121
Microbial Formation of Ethane in Anoxic Estuarine Sediments.RONALD S. OREMLAND ...... ............ ....... .......... 122-129
Microcomputer-Assisted Biomass Determination of Plankton Bac-teria on Scanning Electron Micrographs. CHRISTIANE KRAM-BECK,* HANS-JURGEN KRAMBECK, AND JURGEN OVERBECK .. 142-149
Effect of Light on Biomass and Community Structure of EstuarineDetrital Microbiota. R. J. BOBBIE, J. S. NICKELS, G. A. SMITH,S. D. FAZIO, R. H. FINDLAY, W. M. DAVIS, AND D. C. WHITE* 150-158
Oxidation of Ethylene Glycol by a Salt-Requiring Bacterium.WILLIAM H. CASKEY* AND WILLARD A. TABER .... .......... 180-183
MethodsCarrageenan from Eucheuma striatum (Schmitz) in Media for Fun-
gal and Yeast Cultures. E. C. LASERNA,* F. UYENCO, E. EPI-FANIO, R. L. VEROY, AND G. J. B. CAJIPE ............ ....... 174-175
CONTENTS
Volume 42 Contents for August 1981Metabolism, Growth, and Industrial Microbiology
Regio-Selective 10-Hydroxylation of Patchoulol, a Sesquiterpene, byPithomyces Species. YASUJI SUHARA, SAYURI ITOH, MAYUMIOGAWA, KAZUTERU YOKOSE, TOYOAKI SAWADA, TAKASHI SANO,RIEKO NINOMIYA, AND HIROMI B. MARUYAMA*.
Serum Substitute in Epithelial Cell Culture Media: Nonfat Dry MilkFiltrate. A. C. FASSOLITIs, R. M. NOVELLI, AND E. P.LARKIN*.
Comparison of Extracellular Cellulase Activities of Clostridium ther-mocellum LQRI and Trichoderma reesei QM9414. THOMAS K.NG AND J. G. ZEIKUS* ....................................
Kinetics of the Removal of Iron Pyrite from Coal by MicrobialCatalysis. MICHAEL R. HOFFMANN,* BRUCE C. FAUST, FERNA. PANDA, HONG H. Koo, AND HENRY M. TSUCHIYA.
D-Xylulose Fermentation to Ethanol by Saccharomycescerevisiae. LIN-CHANG CHIANG, CHENG-SHUNG GONG,* LI-FUCHEN, AND GEORGE T. TSAO ..............................
Nutritional Regulation of Lignin Degradation by Phanerochaetechrysosporium. THOMAS W. JEFFRIES,* SUKI CHOI, AND T.KENT KIRK ..............................................
Characterization of a Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Isolated from Dis-eased Gonometa podocarpi (Lepidoptera:Lasiocampidae). NOR-MAN F. MOORE,* TERRY ARMSTRONG, BERNADETTE GREEN,DAVID BROWN, JILL HIBBIN, DAVID C. KELLY, THOMAS W.TINSLEY, AND THERESA C. ALoo ... ..........
Agglutination of Erwinia stewartii Strains with a Com Agglutinin:Correlation with Extracellular Polysaccharide Production andPathogenicity. J. J. BRADSHAW-ROUSE, M. H. WHATLEY, D. L.COPLIN, A. WOODs, L. SEQUEIRA, AND A. KELMAN* .....
Effects of Phosphate in Medium on Protein Secretion in a Protein-Producing Bacterium, Bacillus brevis 47. NORIHIRo TSUKA-GOSHI,* HIDEHIKO YAMADA, AKIO TSUBOI, AND SHIGEZOUDAKA .......... ........................ ...
Food Microbiology and ToxicologyEffect of Soybean Casein Digest Agar Lot on Number of Bacillus
stearothermophilus Spores Recovered. I. J. PFLUG,* GERAL-DINE M. SMITH, AND RONALD CHRISTENSEN ................
Culture Medium for Selective Isolation and Enumeration of Gram-Negative Bacteria from Ground Meats. F. J. CYZESKA, J. A.SEITER, S. N. MARKS, AND J. M. JAY*......................
Usefulness of Electrophoretic Pattern of Cell Envelope Protein as aTaxonomic Tool for Fishhold Slime Moraxella Species. TUU-JYI CHAI ................................
Microbial Changes in Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Juices.MARK A. DAESCHEL, J. ORVIN MUNDT,* AND IVON E.MCCARTY ........
MycotoxinsAflatoxin Contamination of Preharvest Corn as Influenced by Timing
and Method of Inoculation. NEIL W. WIDSTROM,* DAVID M.WILSON, AND WILLIAM W. MCMILLIAN .....................
Number 2
187-191
200-203
231-240
259-271
284-289
290-296
308-316
344-350
370-374
226-230
303-307
351-356
381-382
249-251
CONTENTS
Applied Environmental and Public Health MicrobiologyEvaluation of Standard and Modified M-FC, MacConkey, and Teepol
Media for Membrane Filtration Counting of Fecal Coliforms inWater. W. 0. K. GRABOW,* C. A. HILNER, AND P.COUBROUGH... 192-199
R Factors in Coliform-Fecal Coliform Sewage Flora of the Prairiesand Northwest Territories of Canada. JAMES B. BELL,*WENDY R. MACRAE, AND GARTH E. ELLIOTT ................ 204-210
Precision of the All-Glass Impinger and the Andersen MicrobialImpactor for Air Sampling in Solid-Waste Handling Facilities.LINDA L. LEMBKE, RICHARD N. KNISELEY,* R. CRAIG VANNOSTRAND, AND MICHAEL D. HALE ..... ... 222-225
Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Drinking Water. JOHN L. ARM-STRONG, DEBBIE S. SHIGENO, JON J. CALOMIRIS, AND RAMON J.SEIDLER* ......... ......... 277-283
Monitoring Steam Sterilization of Surgical Instruments: a Di-lemma. ROBERT E. PERKINS,* H. A. BODMAN, RUTH B. KUND-SIN, AND CARL W. WALTER ........ ............ 383-384
General Microbial EcologyRole of Carboxydobacteria in Consumption of Atmospheric Carbon
Monoxide by Soil. RALF CONRAD,* ORTWIN MEYER, ANDWOLFGANG SEILER .......... 211-215
Rapid Chemotaxis Assay Using Radioactively Labeled BacterialCells. ANGELA M. WELLMAN* AND HANS W. PAERL ..... 216-221
Release of Rhizobium spp. from Tropical Soils and Recovery forImmunofluorescence Enumeration. MARK T. KINGSLEY ANDB. BEN BOHLOOL* .. .. ..... ........................ .. 241-248
Role of Sulfate Reduction Versus Methanogenesis in Terminal Car-bon Flow in Polluted Intertidal Sediment of Waimea Inlet,Nelson, New Zealand. DOUGLAS 0. MOUNTFORT* AND ROD-NEY A. ASHER ............................ 252-258
Growth of Rhizobium japonicum Strains at Temperatures Above27°C. FERNANDO MUNE'VAR AND ARTHUR G. WOLLUM II* 272-276
Microbial Flora of In-Use, Display Eye Shadow Testers and BacterialChallenges of Unused Eye Shadows. NOTOMA L. DAWSON ANDDONALD J. REINHARDT* .................................. 297-302
Chemolithotrophic Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria from the GalapagosRift Hydrothermal Vents. E. G. RUBY,* C. 0. WIRSEN, AND H.W. JANNASCH... .... 317-324
Binding of Metals to Cell Envelopes of Escherichia coli K-12. T. J.BEVERIDGE* AND S. F. KOVAL ............ ............ 325-335
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Cristispira Species in ChesapeakeBay Oysters. BEN D. TALL AND ROBERT K. NAUMAN* 336-343
Medium for Isolation and Growth of Bacteria Associated with PlumLeaf Scald and Phony Peach Diseases. J. M. WELLS,* B. C.RAJU, G. NYLAND, AND S. K. LOWE... 357-363
Degradation of Softwood, Hardwood, and Grass Lignocelluloses byTwo Streptomyces Strains. SYLVESTER P. ANTAI AND DON L.CRAWFORD* . ................ ............. 378-380
Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis Spo- Cr+ Mutants for the Euro-pean Corn Borer Ostrinia nubilalis. DONOVAN E. JOHNSON*AND BERNARD FREEDMAN.385-387
CONTENTS
MethodsGallus domestica Yolk (Vitelline) Membrane Use for In Vitro Mi-
crobial Adherence Studies. MARGUERITE A. PERSI* AND JEF-FREY C. BURNHAM ....................................... 364-369
Bacterial Adherence to Polystyrene: a Replica Method of Screeningfor Bacterial Hydrophobicity. MEL ROSENBERG .... 375-377
Volume42 Contents for September 1981 Number3Metabolism, Growth, and Industrial Microbiology
Transformation of Bile Acids by Clostridium perfringens. SEIJUHIRANO,* NORIYUKI MASUDA, HIROSHI ODA, AND HIROSHIMUKAI ......................................... 394-399
Enhanced Production of Surfactin from Bacillus subtilis by Contin-uous Product Removal and Metal Cation Additions. D. G.COOPER,* C. R. MACDONALD, S. J. B. DUFF, AND N. KOSARIC 408-412
Conversion of Cellulose to Methane and Carbon Dioxide by Tricul-ture of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus, Desulfovibrio sp., and Meth-anosarcina barkeri. VICTORIA M. LAUBE* AND STANLEY M.MARTIN.. 413-420
Microbial Transformation of Quercetin by Bacillus cereus.KOPPAKA V. RAO* AND NGHE T. WEISNER... 450-452
Growth of Peptococcus and Peptostreptococcus: Effect of Variationsof Culture Media on Efficiency of Recovery. R. MARSHALL, V.K. YASUI, R. PRABHALA, A. K. KAUFMAN, AND I. WALLACE 493-496
Enzymatic Basis for Overproduction of Tryptophan and Its Metab-olites in Hansenula polymorpha Mutants. EMMANUEL 0. DE-NENU AND ARNOLD L. DEMAIN*.497-501
Brevianamides A and B Are Formed Only After Conidiation HasBegun in Solid Cultures of Penicillium brevicompactum. B. A.BIRD, A. T. REMALEY, AND I. M. CAMPBELL* .521-525
pH and Growth of Torulopsis pintolopesii in Media ContainingVarious Sugars as Carbon and Energy Sources. CYNTHIAHUELSMANN AND DWAYNE C. SAVAGE*.554-555
Hydroxamic Acid from Histoplasma capsulatum That DisplaysGrowth Factor Activity. WAYNE R. BURT,* ANTHONY L. UN-DERWOOD, AND GEORGIA L. APPLETON ..................... 560-563
Food Microbiology and ToxicologyMechanisms of Sorbate Inhibition of Bacillus cereus T and Clostrid-
ium botulinum 62A Spore Germination. LESLIE A. SMOOT ANDMERLE D. PIERSON*.. 477-483
MycotoxinsEffect of Aflatoxin B, on Chromatin-Bound Ribonucleic Acid Polym-
erase and Nucleic Acid and Protein Synthesis in GerminatingMaize Seeds. R. K. TRIPATHI* AND R. S. MISRA .389-393
Production of Naphthoquinone Mycotoxins and Taxonomy of Peni-cillium viridicatum. A. CIEGLER,* L. S. LEE, AND J. J. DUNN 446-449
Isolation and Characterization of Two New Trichothecenes fromFusarium sporotrichioides Strain M-1-1. KENJI ISHII* ANDYOSHIO UENO...... 541-543
CONTENTS
Applied Environmental and Public Health MicrobiologyDetection of Viruses in Drinking Water by Concentration on Mag-
netic Iron Oxide. V. CHALAPATI RAO,* S. V. WAGHMARE, ANDS. B. LAKHE ............ 421-426
Assessment of Bifidobacteria as Indicators of Human Fecal Pollu-tion. I. G. RESNICK AND M. A. LEVIN* .................... 433-438
Inactivation and Injury of Yersinia enterocolitica by Radiation andFreezing. YEHIA A. EL-ZAWAHRY AND NICHOLAS GRECZ* ... 464-468
Inactivation of Poliovirus by Chloramine-T. NETKAL M. MADEGOWDA, NORMAN M. TRIEFF,* AND G. JOHN STANTON 469-476
Sediment Bacterial Indicators in an Urban Sheilfishing Subestuaryof the Lower Chesapeake Bay. CARL W. ERKENBRECHER, JR. 484-492
Effects of Nickel, Cobalt, and Molybdenum on Performance of Meth-anogenic Fixed-Film Reactors. WILLIAM D. MURRAY* AND L.VAN DEN BERG ...................... 502-505
Coliform Inhibition by Bacteriocin-Like Substances in Drinking Wa-ter Distribution Systems. EDWARD G. MEANS AND BETTY H.OLSON* ... ................ .. ... .. ...... 506-512
Inactivation of Giardia lamblia Cysts by Ultraviolet Irradiation.EUGENE W. RICE* AND JOHN C. HOFF .. .... 546-547
Antimicrobial Resistance Transfer in Transport Media. BEVERLYA. GEORGE,* DIANE J. FAGERBERG, AND JANE A. SANEM 548-549
Uptake of Vibrio cholerae Biotype eltor from Contaminated Waterby Water Hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes). WILLIAM M.SPIRA,* ANWARUL HUQ, QAZI SHAFI AHMED, AND YUSUF A.SAEED...... 550-553
General Microbial EcologyFermentation by the Human Large Intestine Microbial Community
in an In Vitro Semicontinuous Culture System. TERRY L.MILLER* AND MEYER J. WOLIN.. 400-407
Quantitative Procedure for Enumeration of Bifidobacteria. I. G.RESNICK AND M. A. LEVIN* ......... ... ... 427-432
Formation of N,N-Dimethylglycine, Acetic Acid, and Butyric Acidfrom Betaine by Eubacterium limosum. E. MULLER, K. FAHL-BUSCH, R. WALTHER, AND G. GOTTSCHALK.439-445
Persistence and Distribution of Pollution Indicator Bacteria on LandUsed for Disposal of Piggery Effluent. D. S. CHANDLER,* I.FARRAN, AND J. A. CRAVEN.. 453-460
Microbial Formation of Secondary and Tertiary Amines in MunicipalSewage. J. MICHELE THOMAS AND MARTIN ALEXANDER* ... 461-463
Influence of Indigenous Microbiota on Amount of Protein and Activ-ities of Alkaline Phosphatase and Disaccharidases in Extracts ofIntestinal Mucosa in Mice. DIXIE D. WHITT* AND DWAYNE C.SAVAGE... 513-520
Microbiology of Wetwood: Importance of Pectin Degradation andClostridium Species in Living Trees. BERNHARD SCHINK,JAMES C. WARD, AND J. GREGORY ZEIKUS*..... 526-532
Relationship of Cell Envelope Stability to Substrate Capture in aMarine Psychrophilic Bacterium. GILL G. GEESEY* AND RICH-ARD Y. MORITA ............. 533-540
CONTENTS
Application of 3C-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance to the Observationof Metabolic Interactions in Anaerobic Digestors. ELIZABETHA. RUNQUIST, EDWIN H. ABBOTT, MELVIN T. ARMOLD, ANDJOHN E. ROBBINS* ..................... 556-559
MethodsNonselectivity of Rimler-Shotts Medium for Aeromonas hydrophila
in Estuarine Environments. JOHN W. DAVIS AND RONALD K.SIZEMORE*.544-545
Volume 42 Contents for October 1981 Number4Metabolism, Growth, and Industrial Microbiology
Mechanism of L-Glutamine Production by an L-Glutamine-Produc-ing Mutant ofFlavobacterium rigense. KOICHI NABE, SHIGEKIYAMADA,* AND ICHIRO CHIBATA ............................ 605-610
Immobilization of Escherichia coli Cells Containing Aspartase Ac-tivity with Polyurethane and Its Application for L-Aspartic AcidProduction. MURRAY C. FUSEE,* WAYNE E. SWANN, ANDGARY J. CALTON.672-676
Food Microbiology and ToxicologyOccurrence and Growth ofYeasts in Yogurts. V. R. SURIYARACHCHI
AND G. H. FLEET*... 574-579Pectic Enzyme Activities of Bacteria Associated with Rotted Onions
(Allium cepa). SAMUEL K. C. OBI* AND GABRIEL M.UMEZURIKE.. 585-589
Endogenous Radiolabeling of Enterotoxin from Clostridium perfrin-gens Type A on a Defined Medium. PER E. GRANUM* ANDREIDAR SKJELKVALLE .. ...... ...... 596-598
Production and Evaluation of Antibody to the Heat-Stable Entero-toxin from a Human Strain of Enterotoxigenic Escherichiacoli. PETER E. KAUFFMAN... 611-614
Improved Isolation of Salmonellae from Naturally ContaminatedMeat Products by Using Rappaport-Vassiliadis EnrichmentBroth. PETER VASSILIADIS, VICTORIA KALAPOTHAKI, DIMI-TRIOS TRICHOPOULOS,* CHRISTOFILI MAVROMMATTI, ANDCHARLES SERIE .......... ... 615-618
Isolation of Alkaline and Neutral Proteases from Aspergillus flavusvar. columnaris, a Soy Sauce Koji Mold. ATTAWUT IMPOOL-SUP, AMARET BHUMIRATANA,* AND TIMOTHY W. FLEGEL.619-628
Dichloran as an Inhibitor of Mold Spreading in Fungal PlatingMedia: Effects on Colony Diameter and Enumeration. 0. EL-DON HENSON ............................................ 656-660
Isolation of Virulent Yersinia enterocolitica from Porcine Tongues.MICHAEL P. DOYLE,* MARY B. HUGDAHL, AND STEVE L.TAYLOR..... 661-666
Moisture Requirements for Growth and Metabolite Production byLactic Acid Bacteria. J. A. TROLLER* AND J. V. STINSON .. 682-687
Thermal Inactivation of Eight Salmonella Serotypes on Dry CornFlour. JAMES E. VANCAUWENBERGE,* RODNEY J. BOTHAST,AND WILLIAM F. KWOLEK.... 688-691
CONTENTS
Heat Resistance of Bacillus Spores at Various Relative Humidities.ANTOLIN L. REYES,* RONALD G. CRAWFORD, ALBERT J. WEHBY,JAMES T. PEELER, JOHN C. WIMSATT, JEPTHA E. CAMPBELL,AND ROBERT M. TWEDT ........................ 692-697
Modified Enrichment-Serology Procedure for Detection of Salmo-nellae in Soy Products. TED E. SURDY* AND SHARRON 0.HAAS............... 704-707
Effect of Plating Medium on Heat Activation Requirement of Clos-tridium botulinum Spores. THOMAS J. MONTVILLE.734-736
MycotoxinsIsolatioh of Citreoviridin from Penicillium charlesii Cultures and
Molded Pecan Fragments. RICHARD J. COLE,* JOE W. DOR-NER, RICHARD H. Cox, ROBERT A. HILL, HORACE G. CUTLER,AND JOHN M. WELLS ..................................... 677-681
Applied Environment and Public Health MicrobiologyPotential for Biodegradation of Phthalic Acid Esters in Marine
Regions. BARRIE F. TAYLOR,* RICHARD W. CURRY, AND Eu-GENE F. CORCORAN ....................................... 590-595
Gauze Filtration and Enrichment Procedures for Recovery of Vibriocholerae from Contaminated Waters. W. M. SPIRA* AND Q. S.AHMED .............................. 730-733
General Microbial EcologyNitrate Accumulation in Aerobic Hypolimnia: Relative Importance
of Benthic and Planktonic Nitrifiers in an OligotrophicLake. WARWICK F. VINCENT* AND MALCOLM T. DOWNES ... 565-573
Sulfide-Dependent Methane Production and Growth of a Thermo-philic Methanogenic Bacterium. PETER H. RONNOW* ANDLARS A. H. GUNNARSSON ................................. 580-584
Characterization of Plasmids in Erwinia stewartii. D. L. COPLIN, *R. G. ROWAN, D. A. CHISHOLM, AND R. E. WHITMOYER ...... 599-604
Inorganic Sulfur Oxidation by Aureobasidium pullulans. K. KILL-HAM,* N. D. LINDLEY, AND M. WAINWRIGHT .......... 629-631
Nonsusceptibility of Lizards Exposed to the Entomopathogen Bacil-lus sphaericus. DAVID M. HUDSON ....................... 638-640
Role of Megasphaera elsdenii in the Fermentation of DL-[2-13C]Lactate in the Rumen of Dairy Cattle. G. H. M. COUNOTTE,R. A. PRINS,* R. H. A. M. JANSSEN, AND M. J. A. DEBIE 649-655
Nitrogen Mineralization by Acanthamoeba polyphaga in GrazedPseudomonaspaucimobilis Populations. JAMES L. SINCLAIR,*J. FORBES MCCLELLAN, AND DAVID C. COLEMAN ............ 667-671
Rates of Transformation of Methyl Parathion and Diethyl Phthalateby Aufwuchs Microorganisms. DAVID L. LEWIS* AND HARVEYW. HOLM.698-703
Dissolved Hydrocarbons and Related Microflora in a Fjordal Sea-port: Sources, Sinks, Concentrations, and Kinetics. D. K. BUT-TON,* BETSY R. ROBERTSON, AND KATHLEEN S. CRAIG.708-719
Extemal Microflora of a Marine Wood-Boring Isopod. PAUL J.BOYLE* AND RALPH MITCHELL ............................ 720-729
Isolation and Genetic Characterization of Bacteria That DegradeChloroaromatic Compounds. PETER A. VANDENBERGH, RON-ALD H. OLSEN,* AND JOSEPH F. COLARUOTOLO ... 737-739
CONTENTS
Effects of Salinity on Acetylene Reduction (Nitrogen Fixation) andRespiration in a Marine Azotobacter. HOWARD J. DICKER ANDDAVID W. SMITH*.. 740-744
Denitrification Associated with Periphyton Communities. FRANKJ. TRISKA AND RONALD S. OREMLAND*.. 745-748
MethodsDetermination of Microbial Populations with Piezoelectric Mem-
branes. YOSHIO ISHIMORI, ISAO KARUBE,* AND SHUICHISUZUKI........ 632-637
Mutagenicity Testing of Some Commonly Used Dyes. KING-THOMCHUNG, GEORGE E. FULK, AND A. W. ANDREWS* ............ 641-648
ErrataEcological Distribution of Legionella pneumophila. C. B. FLIER-
MANS, W. B. CHERRY, L. H. ORRISON, S. J. SMITH, D. L. TISON,AND D. H. POPE ................... 749
Fungi and Bacteria in or on Leaves of Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.)from Chesapeake Bay. STEVEN Y. NEWELL.749
Effect of Soybean Casein Digest Agar Lot on Number of Bacillusstearothermophilus Spores Recovered. I. J. PFLUG, GERAL-DINE M. SMITH, AND RONALD CHRISTENSEN ................ 749
Volume42 Contents for November 1981 Number 5Metabolism, Growth, and Industrial Microbiology
Production of L-Phenylalanine from trans-Cinnamic Acid with Rho-dotorula glutinis Containing L-Phenylalanine Ammonia-LyaseActivity. SHIGEKI YAMADA,* KoICHI NABE, NOBUHIKO IZUO,KATSUHIKO NAKAMICHI, AND ICHIRO CHIBATA.773-778
Synthesis of 1,2-Epoxyoctane by Pseudomonas oleovorans DuringGrowth in a Two-Phase System Containing High Concentrationsof 1-Octene. MARIE-JOSE DE SMET,* HANS WYNBERG, ANDBERNARD WITHOLT.811-816
Microbiological Degradation of Organic Components in Oil ShaleRetort Water: Organic Acids. J. E. ROGERS,* R. G. RILEY, S.W. LI, D. C. MANN, AND R. E. WILDUNG . 830-837
Transfornation of Bile Acids by Eubacterium lentum. SEIJU HIR-ANO* AND NORIYUKI MASUDA ......................... 912-915
Food Microbiology and ToxicologyIdentification of a Growth Stimulant for Lactobacillus sanfran-
cisco. R. W. BERG,* W. E. SANDINE, AND A. W. ANDERSON 786-788Production of Italian Dry Salami: Effect of Starter Culture and
Chemical Acidulation on Staphylococcal Growth in Salami Un-der Commercial Manufacturing Conditions. J. METAXOPOU-LOS, C. GENIGEORGIS,* M. J. FANELLI, C. FRANTI, AND E.COSMA.. 863-871
Transduction of Lactose Metabolism by Streptococcus cremoris C3Temperate Phage. RENE J. SNOOK, LARRY L. McKAY,* ANDGILBERT G. AHLSTRAND.897-903
Conjugal Transfer of Lactose-Fermenting Ability Among Streptococ-cus cremoris and Streptococcus lactis Strains. RENE J. SNOOKAND LARRY L. MCKAY* .. ....... ...... .... 904-911
CONTENTS
MycotoxinsInfluence of Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates and Related
Metabolites on the Biosynthesis of Aflatoxin by Resting Cells ofAspergillus flavus. T. SHANTHA AND V. SREENIVASAMURTHY* ........ ... ... ... ... .. .. .. 758-761
Verruculogen Produced by Soil Fungi in England and Wales. D. S.P. PATTERSON,* B. J. SHREEVE, B. A. ROBERTS, AND S. M.MACDONALD .......................... ......... 916-917
Applied Environmental and Public Health MicrobiologyImmunological and Biophysical Alteration of Hepatitis B Virus An-
tigens by Sodium Hypochlorite Disinfection. LYNNE M. SE-HULSTER, F. BLAINE HOLLINGER,* GORDON R. DREESMAN, ANDJOSEPH L. MELNICK ...................................... 762-767
Glycine-Containing Selective Medium for Isolation of Legionella-ceae from Environmental Specimens. ROBERT M. WADOWSKYAND ROBERT B. YEE* ........... .......................... 768-772
Source and Extent of Klebsiella pneumoniae in the Paper Indus-try. N. R. CAPLENAS, M. S. KANAREK,* AND A. P. DUFOUR 779-785
Long-Term Effects of Crude Oil on Uptake and Respiration ofGlucose and Glutamate in Arctic and Subarctic Marine Sedi-ments. ROBERT P. GRIFFITHS,* BRUCE A. CALDWELL, WIL-LIAM A. BROICH, AND RICHARD Y. MORITA ................. 792-801
Biodegradation of Hexahydro-1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-Triazine. N. G.MCCORMICK,* J. H. CORNELL, AND A. M. KAPLAN .... ....... 817-823
Mechanism of Poliovirus Inactivation by Bromine Chloride. BRUCEH. KESWICK, ROGER S. FUJIOKA,* AND PHILIP C. LOH ....... 824-829
Effect of Defined Lipopolysaccharide Core Defects on Resistance ofSalmonella typhimurium to Freezing and Thawing and OtherStresses. GEANNIE M. BENNETT, ALAN SEAVER, AND PETERH. CALCOTT* ................... 843-849
Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate and Direct Sampling Methods for Sur-veillance of Operating Nebulizers. DONALD J. REINHARDT, *WILLIAM NABORS, CHRISTOPHER KENNEDY, AND BLANCHE MA-LECKA-GRIGGS ........................................... 850-855
A-1 Medium: Alternative Technique for Fecal Coliform OrganismEnumeration in Chlorinated Wastewaters. JON H. STAND-RIDGE* AND JOSEPH J. DELFINO ........................ 918-920
Positively Charged Filters for Virus Recovery from WastewaterTreatment Plant Effluents. L. T. CHANG, S. R. FARRAH, ANDG.BITTON* ...................... 921-924
General Microbial EcologyAttachment and Rosette Formation by Hyphomicrobia. RICHARD
L. MOORE* AND KEVIN C. MARSHALL ...... ................ 751-757Conjugal Transfer of R-Plasmid Rldrd-19 in Escherichia coli Below
22°C. PAUL SINGLETON* AND AVRIL E. ANSON .......... .. 789-791
Simultaneous Rates of Ribonucleic Acid and Deoxyribonucleic AcidSyntheses for Estimating Growth and Cell Division of AquaticMicrobial Communities. DAVID M. KARL ..... ............. 802-810
Characteristics of the Drosophila paulistorum Male Sterility Agentin a Secondary Host, Ephestia kuehniella. F. J. GOTTLIEB,*G. M. SIMMONS, L. EHRM-AN, B. INOCENCIO, J. KOCKA, AND N.SOMERSON.................... 838-842
CONTENTS
Effects of Long-Chain Fatty Acids on Growth of Rumen Bacteria.A. E. MACZULAK, B. A. DEHORITY,* AND D. L. PALMQUIST ... 856-862
Cellulase and Xylanase Release from Bacteroides succinogenes andIts Importance in the Rumen Environment. CECIL W. FORS-BERG,* TERRANCE J. BEVERIDGE, AND ANITA HELLSTROM ... 886-896
MethodsBacterial Culture Preservation in Frozen and Dry-Film Methylcel-
lulose. TREVOR V. SUSLOW* AND MILTON N. SCHROTH .872-877Liquid Chromatographic Procedure for Fermentation Product Anal-
ysis in the Identification of Anaerobic Bacteria. GARRY G.EHRLICH,* DONALD F. GOERLITZ, JAMES H. BOURELL, GRANTV. EISEN, AND EDWARD M. GODSY ..... .... ..... 878-885
Catalase-Aminotriazole Assay, an Invalid Method for Measurementof Hydrogen Peroxide Production by Wood Decay Fungi.TERRY L. HIGHLEY ...................................... 925-927
ErratumPectic Enzyme Activities of Bacteria Associated with Rotted Onions
(Allium cepa). SAMUEL K. C. OBI AND GABRIEL M.UMEZURIKE.. 928
Volume 42 Contents for December 1981 Number 6Metabolism, Growth, and Industrial Microbiology
Autolytic Activity and an Autolysis-Deficient Mutant of Clostridiumacetobutylicum. ERROL R. ALLCOCK, SHARON J. REID, DAVIDT. JONES, AND DAVID R. WOODS*... 929-935
Bacterial Spore Components Which Enhance the Bacteriostatic Ef-fectiveness of S-Nitrosothiol. SHELDON L. MORRIS AND J. NOR-MAN HANSEN* ......................... 958-962
Production of Alcohol from Apple Pomace. Y. D. HANG,* C. Y.LEE, E. E. WOODAMS, AND H. J. COOLEY ................... 1128-1129
Mutants of Corynebacterium diphtheriae PW8 That Produce Toxinin Medium with Excess Iron. CHIE ISHII-KANEI, TSuYOSHIUCHIDA, * AND MASAHIKO YONEDA ...... 1130-1131
Food Microbiology and ToxicologyEvidence for Plasmid Linkage of Restriction and Modification in
Streptococcus cremoris KH. M. E. SANDERS AND T. R.KLAENHAMMER* ......................................... 944-950
Facile Method for Monitoring Inhibition of Anaerobic Spore Out-growth. ROBERT C. BENEDICT* AND J. S. TARTAGLIA 993-995
Detection of Clostridium botulinum Type G Toxin by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. GEORGE E. LEWIS, JR.,* SAL-VATORE S. KULINSKI, DOUGLAS W. REICHARD, AND JOSEPH F.METZGER ............................................... 1018-1022
Role of pH, Lactate, and Anaerobiosis in Controlling the Growth ofSome Fermentative Gram-Negative Bacteria on Beef. FRED-ERICK H. GRAU ................... ............ 1043-1050
Immunodiffusion Method for Detection of Type A Clostridium bo-tulinum. JOSEPH L. FERREIRA,* MOSTAFA K. HAMDY, FRANCISA. ZAPATKA, AND WILLIAM 0. HEBERT.1057-1061
CONTENTS
Entrance and Growth of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Gas-Exchanged,Brined Cucumbers. M. A. DAESCHEL AND H. P. FLEMING* 1111-1118
MycotoxinsFormation of (4R)- and (4S)-4-Hydroxyochratoxin A from Ochra-
toxin A by Liver Microsomes from Various Species. FREDRIKC. ST0RMER, * CARL E. HANSEN, JAN I. PEDERSEN, GEORGHVISTENDAHL, AND ARNE J. AASEN ........................ 1051-1056
Salivary Syndrome in Horses: Identification of Slaframine in RedClover Hay. W. M. HAGLER* AND R. F. BEHLOW .1067-1073
Elaboration of Vomitoxin and Zearalenone by Fusarium Isolates andthe Biological Activity ofFusarium-Produced Toxins. RONALDF. VESONDER, * JOHN J. ELLIS, AND WILLIAM K. ROHWED -DER ............ 1132-1134
Applied Environmental and Public Health MicrobiologyPoliovirus Adsorption by 34 Minerals and Soils. REBECCA S.
MOORE, DENE H. TAYLOR, LAWRENCE S. STURMAN,* MICHAELM. REDDY, AND G. WOLFGANG FUHS ....................... 963-975
Influence ofpH and Electrolyte Composition on Adsorption of Polio-virus by Soils and Minerals. DENE H. TAYLOR, REBECCA S.MOORE, AND LAWRENCE S. STURMAN* ... 976-984
Recovery of Indigenous Enteroviruses from Raw and Digested Sew-age Sludges. MARIAN R. GODDARD,* JANICE BATES, AND MI-CHAEL BUTLER .. ........... 1023-1028
Occurrence of Rhodococcus coprophilus and Associated Actinomy-cetes in Feces, Sewage, and Freshwater. D. DUNCAN MARA*AND JOHN I. ORAGUI .................................... 1037-1042
Enhancement of the Microbial Dehalogenation of a Model Chlori-nated Compound. STUART N. JACOBSON AND MARTIN ALEX-ANDER*. 1062-1066
Prolonged Survival of Serratia marcescens in Chlorhexidine.THOMAS J. MARRIE* AND J. WILLIAM COSTERTON .. 1093-1102
Gram-Negative, Aerobic, Enteric Pathogens Among Intestinal Mi-croflora of Wild Turkey Vultures (Cathartes aura) in WestCentral Texas. DONALD K. WINSOR, ALAN P. BLOEBAUM, ANDJOHN, MATHEWSON* .......... 1123-1124
Short Incubation of Presumptive Media for Detection of Fecal Coli-forms in Shellfish. WILLIAM G. HASTBACK.1125-1127
General Microbial EcologyUse of a Fractional Factorial Design to Evaluate Interactions of
Environmental Factors Affecting Biodegradation Rates.TIMOTHY E. FANNIN, MICHAEL D. MARCUS, DONALD A. ANDER-SON, AND HAROLD L. BERGMAN* ........................... 936-943
Survival of Rhizobium in Acid Soils. HENRY S. LOWENDORF, ANAMARIA BAYA, AND MARTIN ALEXANDER* ................... 951-957
Evidence for Coexistence of Two Distinct Functional Groups ofSulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Salt Marsh Sediment. IBRAHIMM. BANAT, E. BORJE LINDSTROM, DAVID B. NEDWELL,* AND M.TALAAT BALBA ........ 985-992
CONTENTS
Transit Time of Epithelial Cells in the Small Intestines of GermfreeMice and Ex-Germfree Mice Associated with Indigenous Micro-organisms. DWAYNE C. SAVAGE,* JUDITH E. SIEGEL, JAMES E.SNELLEN, AND DIXIE D. WHITT ............................ 966-1001
Phosphorus-Limited Growth of a Green Alga and a Blue-GreenAlga. DOUGLAS S. LANG* AND EDWARD J. BROWN.. 1002-1009
Catabolism of Phloroglucinol by the Rumen Anaerobe Coprococ-cus. T. R. PATEL,* K. G. JURE, AND G. A. JONES ........... 1010-1017
Dynamics of Bacterial Sulfate Reduction in a Eutrophic Lake. K.INGVORSEN,* J. G. ZEIKUS, AND T. D. BROCK.. 1029-1036
Kinetic Explanation for Accumulation of Nitrite, Nitric Oxide, andNitrous Oxide During Bacterial Dentrification. MICHAEL R.BETLACH AND JAMES M. TIEDJE* .......................... 1074-1084
Specific Adhesion of Bacteria to Heterocysts of Anabaena spp. andIts Ecological Significance. F. S. LUPTON AND K. C. MAR-SHALL* .................................................. 1085-1092
Cellulose Fermentation by a Rumen Anaerobic Fungus in Both theAbsence and the Presence of Rumen Methanogens. THOMASBAUCHOP AND DOUGLAS 0. MOUNTFORT* ............... 1103-1110
Isolation, Enumeration, and Maintenance ofRumen Anaerobic Fungiin Roll Tubes. K. N. JOBLIN .................... 1119-1122
Asterisk refers to person to whom inquiries regarding the paper should be addressed.
INDEX TO DATE OF ISSUE
Month Date of Issue Pages
July 13 July 1981 1-185August 11 August 1981 187-387September 10 September 1981 389-563October 15 October 1981 565-749November 18 November 1981 751-928December 8 December 1981 929-1134
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