APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTALMICROBIOLOGY

VOLUME 37 0 NUMBER 6 0 JUNE 1979

EDITORIAL BOARDMARVIN P. BRYANT, Editor-in-Chief (1981)

University of Illinois, Urbana

R. H. DEIBEL, Editor (1981)University of Wisconsin, Madison

A. L. DEMAIN, Editor (1981)Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge

MARTIN S. FAVERO, Editor (1980)Centerfor Disease Control. Phoenix, Ariz.

JAMES M. TIEDJE, Editor (1984)Michigan State Universits, East Lansing

Bernard J. Abbott (1980)Martin Alexander (1980)Milton J. Allison (1980)Ronald Atlas (1980)Richard Bartha (1979)Robert T. Belly (1981)Joan W. Bennett (1981)Martha D. Berliner (1980)Jerome Birmbaum (1979)Thomas L. Bot" (1980)Charles Boylen (1979)Thomas Brock (1980)Lee A. Bulla, Jr. (1980)Lloyd B. Bullerman (1980)Victor Cabelli (1979)Paul E. Came (1979)William R. Chesbro (1979)Tom D. Y. Chin (1980)Alex Ciegler (1980)Richard T. J. Clarke (1981)Rita R. Colwell (1980)Richard A. Consigli (1979)Charles Cooney (1979)Joseph J. Cooney (1980)Jacob A. Donkersloot (1979)Steven W. Drew (1981)

Charles L. Duncan (1979)Richard Elander (1979)Beatrice England (1980)Jerald C. Ensign (1980)Carl B. Fliermans (1981)Heinz G. Floss (1980)Dennis Focht (1979)Edwin E. Geldreich (1979)John M. Goepfert (1979)Richard E. Goldstrand (1979)Reinaldo F. Gomez (1979)Bruce Hamilton (1981)Robert D. Hamilton (1979)Paul A. Hartman (1980)Melvin T. Hatch (1981)Charles W. Hendricks (1980)Robert B. Hespell (1980)Lillian V. Holdeman (1979)David H. Hubbell (1981)John J. Iandolo (1980)M. B. Ingle (1979)Edward Katz (1979)Donald A. Klein (1981)Michael J. Klug (1980)Roger Knowles (1979)Paul Lemke (1979)

Carol Litchfield (1980)Joseph L. Melnick (1980)Thomas L. Miller (1979)Claude H. Nash (1981)Eldor A. Paul (1980)W. J. Payne (1979)C. A. Reddy (1979)Antonio H. Romano (1980)Dwayne Savage (1979)Oldrich K. Sebek (1980)John McN. Sieburth (1981)Anthony J. Sinskey (1979)William H. Sperber (1980)James T. Staley (1980)Jon H. Tuttle (1980)Carl Vanderzant (1979)Claude Vezina (1979)Edward Voss (1981)D. I. C. Wang (1981)William J. Wiebe (1980)Fred D. Williams (1980)R. P. Williams (1981)G. N. Wogan (1980)Alan G. Wolin (1980)Meyer J. Wolin (1979)William Yotis (1979)

Robert A. Day, Managing EditorGisella Pollock, Assistant Managing Editor

Cheryl Cross, Production Editor1913 I St., NW, Washington, DC 20006

EX OFFICIOEdwin H. Lennette, President (1978-1979)

J. Mehsen Joseph, Secretary

Applied and Environmental Microbiology (ISSN 0099-2240), apublication of the American Society for Microbiology, 1913 1 St.,N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006, is devoted to the advancementand dissemination of applied knowledge as well as ecologicalknowledge, both applied and fundamental, concerning microor-ganisms. Instructions to Authors are published in the Januaryissue each year. Applied and Environmental Microbiology is pub-lished monthly, two volumes per year. The nonmember subscrip-tion price is $70 per year. The member subscription price is $17per year. Single copies are $6.00. Correspondence relating tosubscriptions, nonreceipt of journals. reprints, defective copies.availability of back issues, and lost or late proofs should bedirected to the ASM Publications Office, 1913 1 St.. N.W.,Washington, D.C. 20006 (area 202-833-9680).

Second-class postage paid at Washington, DC 20006. and at

Willis A. Wood, President-Elect (1978-1979)Brinton M. Miller, Treasurer

additional mailing offices. Made in the United States of America.Copyright © 1979. American Society for Microbiology.All Rights Reserved.

The code at the top of the first page of an article in this journalindicates the copyright owner's consent that copies of the articlemay be made for personal use, or for personal use of specificclients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that thecopier pay the stated per-copy fee through the Copyright Clear-ance Center. Inc.. P.O. Box 765. Schenectady. New York 12301.for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 and 108 ofthe U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to otherkinds of copying. such as copying for general distribution, foradvertising or promotional purposes. for creating new collectiveworks, or for resale.

Author IndexAida, K6, 1110Alexander, Martin, 1211Allen, C. E., 1103Allison, Milton J., 1142Ando, A., 1157Andrews, Gail P., 1180

Bauchop, T., 1217Biguet, J., 1059Bjeldanes, L. F., 1118Boethling, Robert S., 1211Booth, G. D., 1142Breznak, John A., 1206Bucklin, J. A., 1142Busta, F. F., 1103

Castillo, Francisco J., 1201Champlin, F. R., 1122Chan, Yiu-Kwok, 1067Cheng, K.-J., 1224Cherry, W. B., 1239Chibata, Ichiro, 1053, 1063Costerton, J. W., 1224

de Bales, Sonia A., 1201Demain, Arnold L., 1186Dufrenne, J., 1173

Egan, Aubrey F., 1047Elkan, G. H., 1243Ema, Masahiro, 1053

Fliermans, C. B., 1239Furuse, K., 1157

Garibaldi, John A., 1091Gauthier, M. J., 1176Gerber, Nancy N., 1176Grula, E. A., 1122

Hartman, Paul A., 1096Hayasaka, Steven S., 1166Henry, D. P., 1132Hitchener, Beverley J., 1047Hughes, T. A., 1243

Iida, Hiroo, 1248Ijichi, Kosuke, 1091Ishikawa, Fumiyasu, 1110Izuo, Nobuhiko, 1063

Kakimoto, Toshio, 1053Kimura, Kazuyuki, 1248Knowles, Roger, 1067Kozaki, S., 1173Kuhl, Steve A., 1193

Labbe, Ronald G., 1196Larsen, L. D., 1193Lecce, J. G., 1243Lee, Cherl-Ho, 1113Leglise, P. C., 1127Leprince, C., 1127

Martin, Scott E., 1180Masset, A., 1059McCowan, R. P., 1224McKay, L. L., 1193McWethy, S. J., 1096Mejean, C., 1127Mihara, Keiko L., 1091Montville, Thomas J., 1113Moreau, S., 1059Morita, Richard Y., 1166

Nabe, Koichi, 1063Newton, J. W., 1137Ng, Henry, 1091Notermans, S., 1173

Oishi, Kunio, 1110Orrison, L. H., 1239

Page, Gregory V., 1152

Raibaud, P. M., 1127Rey, David K., 1196Riottot, M. J., 1127Robinson, I. M., 1142Rogers, P. J., 1047

Sacquet, E. C., 1127Sato, Y., 1073Schultz, J. E., 1206Shilo, M., 1230Sinskey, Anthony J., 1113Slodki, M. E., 1137Sofos, J. N., 1103Solberg, Myron, 1152Souw, Peter, 1186Srinivasan, V. R., 1079Summers, R. J., 1079

Tate, Robert L., III, 1085Tateiri, Shigeko, 1248Thacker, L., 1239Thomson, Ruth H., 1132Thomson, S. V., 1118Tyler, D. D., 1137

Ujimaru, Toshihiko, 1063

van Gylswyk, N. O., 1245

Watanabe, I., 1157

Yamada, Shigeki, 1063Yetinson, T., 1230Yoneya, T., 1073

The most up-to-date survey ofmicrobial pathogenesis- Microbiologist

0M&llzgil@t)llBllt)lL)4I56 | Salk Vaccine ProductionConnaught is North America's sole producer ofSalk Polio Vaccine and constantly strives forimprovement in both the product and produc-Editor: David Schlessinger tion methods.

Publication Date: February 1979 The new position of Senior Technical Supervi-sor of Virus Harvest and Monovalent Pool Pro-

Clothbound. 356 pages. $22.00. duction will include observation, recording andcollating of informatio'n re: in-process steps,

ISBN: 0-914826-20-4 effecting approved operations changes, partic-ipation in improving safety and efficiency, and

(Members of ASM may purchase technical trouble shooting. Applicants should

this title, for personal use only, at the have a Canadian recognized B.Sc. or M.Sc. inmicrobiology with virology and at least 3 yearsspecial price of $12.00. All member in pharmaceuticals/biologicals. Mammalian

orders must be accompanied by cell culture virology experience an asset.payment, and overseas orders must This is an exceHlent opportunity to share ourpayment,andoverseas ~~~~expefti-se in Salk production while pulling to

be prepaid before shipment). use your superior theoretical knowledge. Weoffer an opportunity for career growth, a com-

Order from: gpettive salary and benefits program and a con-Orderfrom: ~~~~~~~~genial work environment.

Apply in confidence by sending your resumeto: Mrs. L. L. Bell, Assistant Director of Per-sonnel, Connaught Laboratories Limited,

mericanSociety 1755 Steeles Avenue West, Willowdale, On-for Microbiology tario M2N 5T8.

1913 1 St., NW * Washington, DC 20006 | ___

INDEX TO ADVERTISERS

Page

* American Optical ................................................ Cover 2

*Difco Laboratories ...................................... Cover 4

*Scott Laboratories ............................6......................6

Sherwood Medical ............. .............. ........ ...... Cover 3

* Sustaining Member, American Society for Microbiology.

Advertising in this journal is limited to products and services believed to be of interest to the readers. However, ASM doesnot test nor examine advertised products nor claims related thereto. Therefore, ASM endorsement or approval of advertisedproducts should not be inferred.

INDEX TO DATE OF ISSUE

Month Date of Issue Pages

January 12 January 1979 1-179February 16 February 1979 181-353March 5 April 1979 355-665April 23 April 1979 667-787May 17 May 1979 789-1046June 12 June 1979 1047-1244

AUTHOR INDEX

VOLUME 37

Abbott, Bernard J., 965Adair, Frank W., 505Adams, Susan S., 237Aida, K6, 1110Akers, William A., 345Akin, Danny E., 332Alderton, Gordon, 596Alexander, G. A., 928Alexander, M., 619Alexander, Martin, 605, 886, 932,

1211Al-Hindawi, Nassir, 676Allen, C. E., 1103Allison, Milton J., 1142Aly, Raza, 610Amos, Henry E., 332Anderson, A. W., 324, 785Anderson, Jonathan M., 339Ando, A., 1157Andrews, Gail P., 1180Andrews, W. H., 559, 567Archer, Robert A., 965Arcuri, Edward J., 916Artwohl, James E., 697Asada, Shoji, 266Asher, Rodney A., 670Austin, B., 704, 750

Bachofen, Reinhard, 789Bailey, C. A., 871Baldwin, R. L., 531, 537, 544Balkwill, D. L., 1031Barber, Jennifer M., 433Barraquio, Wilfredo L., 813Bartha, R., 36, 729Bartholomew, Gene W., 932Bauchop, T., 1217Bayne, Henry G., 449, 596Behrens, J. C., 849Benemann, John R., 454Benno, Y., 379Benton, C. V., 148Berger, J. A., 642Berger, L. R., 642Biedermann, N., 715Bignell, David E., 339Biguet, J., 1059Bisson, J. W., 55Bjeldanes, L. F., 1118Blackburn, T. Henry, 760Blackburn, Thomas H., 174Blackwell, J. H., 1044Blain, J. A., 719Boethling, Robert S., 1211Bohlool, B. B., 642Bokkenheuser, Victor D., 1001

Booth, G. D., 1142Boothby, J., 298Boutin, B. K., 647Breznak, John A., 1206Brock, Thomas D., 820, 897Brodsky, M. H., 1038Bromley, John W., 614Brown, John, 740Bruce, V. R., 567Bucklin, J. A., 1142Bulla, Lee A., Jr., 1012Burmeister, H. R., 11Busta, F. F., 1103Buynitzky, Stephen J., 202

Cabelli, V. J., 55, 254Cabrera, Delfin A., 813Cabrera, Delfin R., 373Camper, Anne K., 633Carlsson, Jan, 383Carson, Gerald R., 900Casida, L. E., Jr., 1031Castillo, Francisco J., 1201Champlin, F. R., 1122Chan, Yiu-Kwok, 1067Chang, C. F., 601Chatigny, Mark A., 924Chen, W. P., 324, 785Cheng, K.-J., 1224Cherry, W. B., 1239Chian, E. S. K., 680Chibata, Ichiro, 1053, 1063Chipley, John R., 554Christiansen, L. N., 351Chrzanowski, Thomas H., 841Chu, F. S., 104Ciebin, B. W., 1038Ciegler, A., 11Claridge, C. A., 693Clark, R. R., 680Clarke, R. T. J., 654Clayton, N. W., 254Cohen, P. S., 254Cole, Michael A., 867Coleman, David C., 943Colwell, R. R., 14, 91, 704, 750Congregado, Francisco, 169Conrad, B., 704Cook, Alasdair M., 605Cooper, David G., 4Costerton, J. W., 1224Coutts, Ronald T., 429Crawford, Ronald L., 614Cronk, T. C., 892Crowell, Richard L., 972Cunliffe, H. R., 1044

Damar6, J. M., 14Daud, H. B., 399Daughton, Christian G., 605de Bales, Sonia A., 1201Debeaupuis, Jean-Paul, 365De Guzman, Marcelino R., 813Delfmo, Frank J., 544Demain, Arnold L., 1186Dibble, J. T., 729Diem, Hoang G., 779DiGeronimo, M. J., 619Dimmick, Robert L., 924Diver, A., 414Divies, C., 779Doerr, J. A., 122Dommergues, Y. R., 779Doran, J. W., 985Dudas, Istvan, 21Dufrenne, J., 1173Duncalfe, F., 725du Rand, Marlene, 658

Edlund, Maj-Britt K., 383Edwards, L. L., 227Egan, Aubrey F., 1047Eggenkamp, Ali E., 438Ehrlich, Henry L., 916Elkan, Gerald H., 867Elkan, G. H., 1243El-Zawahry, Yehia A., 50Ema, Masahiro, 1053Eppstein, Deborah A., 143Evans, Charles A., 177Evans, Harold J., 582

Fallon, Robert D., 820Fanelli, M. J., 298Fenchel, T. M., 348Finegold, Sydney M., 1001Fletcher, Madilyn M., 67Fliermans, C. B., 1239Foster, Brian C., 429Fox, Michael, 127Freeman, L. Reed, 85Fryer, J. L., 198Fukuda, David S., 965Furuse, K., 1157

Gaillardin, Michel, 365Galsky, Alan G., 127Gantotti, B. V., 511Garges, S., 704Garibaldi, John A., 1091Gaskins, M. H., 1016Gauthier, M. J., 1176Geftic, Sam G., 505

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

Genigeorgis, C., 298Gerba, Charles P., 572, 626Gerber, Nancy N., 1176Gerhardt, Philipp, 487Gerson, Donald F., 4Gibson, D. T., 409Gill, C. O., 362, 667Gold, Michael H., 938Gould, W. Douglas, 943Gow, John A., 836Goyal, Sagar M., 572Granberg, Gunnar P. D., 383Griffin, R. A., 680Grossman, S., 104Grula, E. A., 1122Guard, Harold E., 222Guthertz, Linda S., 274Gutnick, D. L., 402, 409, 414

Hackler, L. R., 892Hackney, C. R., 947Hagler, W. M., 849Hagstrom, A., 805Hallenbeck, Patrick C., 454Hamada, Sukekazu, 1Hamilton, P. B., 122, 601Han, Y. W., 324, 785Hanson, R. S., 303Harding, E. E., 704Harris, Robin F., 237Harshman, J. S., 148Hart, W., 303Hartland, Bonnie J., 517Hartman, Paul A., 1096Hartmann, J., 421Hase, J., 379Hashimoto, Nobuo, 1Hayasaka, Steven S., 1166Hayashi, Makoto, 279Hayes, A. W., 172Heimsch, R. C., 227Henry, D. P., 1132Hetrick, Frank M., 198Heymann, Hans, 505Hitchener, Beverley J., 1047Hocking, Ailsa D., 959Holdeman, Lillian V., 992, 1001Horstedt, P., 805Hou, C. T., 800Houwaard, F., 73Howe, H. Branch, Jr., 202Hsu, T.-S., 36Huang, Hui-Chuan, 358Hubbell, D. H., 1016Huff, W. E., 122, 601Hughes, T. A., 1243Hurst, Christon J., 626Huser, Beat, 897Hussong, D., 14

Iida, Hiroo, 1248Ijichi, Kosuke, 1091Inaba, T., 80Ishikawa, Fumiyasu, 1110Izuo, Nobuhiko, 1063

Jarvis, A. W., 391Jellett, Joanne F., 992Jones, Baxter L., 588Jones, Graham R., 429Jorgensen, J. H., 928Joseph, S. W., 91Juarez, Antonio, 169

Kaetsu, Isao, 310Kahn, M. Rafiq, 719Kakimoto, Toshio, 1053Kaneko, Ken-Ichi, 1Kaper, J., 91Karube, Isao, 117Kasai, Yumi, 1Katzenelson, E., 343, 715Keast, D., 661Kedmi, Simona, 343Keith, Lonnie W., 345Keith, William A., Jr., 345Kempler, G. M., 316, 1041Kidby, Denis K., 831Kimura, Kazuyuki, 1248King, A. Douglas, Jr., 596, 959King, John D., 459Kjerfve, Bjorn, 841Knackmuss, H.-J., 421Knittel, Martin D., 198Knowles, Roger, 1067Kobashi, K., 379Koerner, G., 715Kossoy, Aaron D., 965Kozaki, S., 1173Kuhl, Steve A., 1193Kumakura, Minoru, 310Kunisaki, Naomichi, 279Kuykendall, L. D., 862

Laband, Steven J., 480Labbe, Ronald G., 1196Lafont, Philippe, 365Lanigan, George W., 289Lara, Jimmie C., 177LaRock, Paul A., 466Larsen, L. D., 1193Larsson, U., 805Laskin, A. I., 800Lauer, Ray D., 466Leatherwood, Matthew, 274Lecce, J. G., 1243Lee, Cherl-Ho, 1113Lee, J. C., 928Lee, Milton L., 85Leglise, P. C., 1127Lemmel, S. A., 227Leprince, C., 1127Lieber, Ellen R., 274Lighthart, Bruce, 859Limpert, R. J., 14Ling, Kuo Huang, 355, 358Linn, D. M., 985Litchfield, C. D., 471Little, Jack E., 900Lockman, H., 91Loeb, G. I., 67Lund, L. C., 878

Macdonald, Ian A., 992MacDonald, S. M., 172Mahony, David E., 992Maibach, Howard I., 610Maier, Robert J., 582Mandell, Morton, 511Martin, Scott E., 1180Masset, A., 1059Matsunaga, Tadashi, 117Mattern, Kathy L., 177Mattick, L. R., 892Maxcy, R. B., 159May, M. E., 871May, S. N., 642McBride, Mollie E., 233McCowan, R. P., 1224McCoy, David R., 443McFeters, Gordon A., 633McGeady, Mary Lou, 972McKay, L. L., 316, 1041, 1193McMeekin, T. A., 399McRoy, C. P., 348McWethy, S. J., 1096Mejean, C., 1127Melnick, Joseph L., 572Michener, H. David, 449Mihara, Keiko L., 1091Miller, Carl A., 208Mirocha, C. J., 80, 104, 849Mislivec, P. B., 559, 567Mitsuoka, T., 379Miwatani, Toshio, 369Miyamoto, Kazuhisa, 454Montville, Thomas J., 1113Moore, Anne R., 836Moore, Harold A., 127Moore, W. E. C., 1001Moreau, S., 1059Morita, Richard Y., 774, 1166Mossel, D. A. A., 438Mountfort, Douglas O., 670Munoz, Elaine F., 521, 527Murray, James P., 480Myers, Gordon E., 429

Nabe, Koichi, 1063Nakas, J. P., 471Nelson, Peter, 744Neuman, Mark A., 740Newton, J. W., 1137Newton, K. G., 362Ng, Henry, 1091Nickels, Janet S., 459Nikaido, M., 619Normark, S., 805Norrod, Pinina, 293Notermans, S., 1173Nyberg, Goran K., 383

Odlaug, Theron E., 496Ogden, J. C., 348Ohishi, Iwao, 181Oishi, Kunio, 1110Ordal, Erling J., 1007Ordal, Z. John, 443Oren, Aharon, 174

AUTHOR INDEX

AUTHOR INDEX

Orrison, L. H., 1239Oskarsson, Hakon, 339

Page, Gregory V., 1152Panda, Fern A., 954Panganiban, A. T., Jr., 303Parker, P., 348Patel, R. N., 800Pathre, S. V., 849Patil, Suresh S., 511Patt, T. E., 303Patterson, D. S. P., 172Patterson, J. D. E., 719Paul, Eldor A., 686Payen, Jacques, 365Payne, Alan L., 289Peeri, Z., 414Peleg, M., 715Peng, Fu-Tso, 355Penney, N., 667Perkins, R. E., 878Perkins-Olson, Patricia E., 614Perry, A., 409Peterkin, Pearl I., 21Petterson, David S., 289Pflug, Irving J., 496Pierson, M. D., 978Pilsucki, R. W., 254Pitt, John I., 959Poelma, P. L., 559Powell, James C., 836Przybylski, Kenneth S., 261

Quay, Joan H., 222

Raibaud, P. M., 1127Rainey, W. E., 348Ray, B., 947Raymond, Roberta, 127Reineke, W., 421Rey, David K., 1196Reyes, V. G., 854Riottot, M. J., 1127Ritchie, Alfred E., 1001Robb, Frank T., 433Roberts, B. A., 172Robinson, I. M., 1142Robinson, 0. R., Jr., 148Rogers, P. J., 1047Romero, A., 559Rosenberg, Arthur, 886Rosenberg, E., 402, 409, 414Rottem, Shlomo, 782Rowley, D. B., 50Rubink, Amy J., 943Rubinovitz, C., 402Ruiz-Argueso, Tom"s, 582Russell, Edward G., 187Russell, James B., 531, 537, 544

Sacquet, E. C., 1127Sakaguchi, Genji, 181Sanders, S. W., 159Sandhu, Shingara S., 744Sato, Y., 1073Savage, Dwayne C., 697

Sayler, G. S., 878Scarpino, P. V., 647Schesser, John H., 1012Schmidt, E. L., 854Schmitz, Henry, 693Schultz, J. E., 1206Schwarz, John R., 466Seidler, Ramon J., 909Sepers, Antonie B. J., 794Shaparis, A. B., 351Sharp, D. G., 766Sharpe, Anthony N., 21Shellhorse, Yovonne, 202Sherrill, T. W., 878Shiaris, M. P., 878Shibasaki, Isao, 266Shibley, G. P., 148Shilo, M., 1230Shreeve, B. J., 172Shuval, H. I., 715Siak, June-Sang, 972Silverman, G. J., 109Silverman, Melvin P., 521, 527Simidu, U., 704Simon-Pujol, Dolores, 169Sinskey, Anthony J., 1113Sjogren, Robert E., 900Sladen, W. J. L., 14Slodki, M. E., 1137Slyter, L. L., 283Smeltzer, T. I., 725Smiljanic, Roko J., 345Smith, Douglas L., 85Smith, Leslie W., 289Smith, Mark H., 938Smith, M. V., 978Sobsey, Mark D., 588Sochard, M. R., 750Sofos, J. N., 1103Solberg, Myron, 1152Souw, Peter, 1186Speck, M. L., 947Spira, W. M., 109Srinivasan, V. R., 1079Staley, James T., 1007Stanley, Patricia M., 1007Steinkraus, K. H., 892Stevenson, L. Harold, 841Stieber, R. W., 487Summers, R. J., 1079Sutter, Vera L., 1001Suzuki, K., 379Suzuki, Shuichi, 117

Taga, N., 704Taha, Rihab R., 676Tainter, F. H., 143Takabe, S., 379Takeda, Yoshifumi, 369Talbot, Henry W., Jr., 909Tanaka, Yoshinori, 369Tanasugarn, Lek, 194Tanenbaum, Stuart W., 208Tankano, Mitsuo, 266Tate, Robert L., III, 1085Tateiri, Shigeko, 1248

Taylor, Craig D., 42Taylor, Steve L., 274Thacker, L., 1239Thiel, P. G., 658Thomas, C. J., 399Thompson, Thomas L., 1025Thomson, Ruth H., 1132Thomson, S. V., 1118Tien, T. M., 1016Timoney, John F., 517Tommerup, Inez C., 831Tompkin, R. B., 351Torrella, Francisco, 774Touvinen, 01i H., 954Townsend, F. S., 647Tsuchiya, Henry M., 954Twedt, R. M., 647Tyler, D. D., 1137

Ujimaru, Toshihiko, 1063Ulitzur, Shimon, 782

van den Broek, M. J. M., 438Van Es, Frank B., 794van Gylswyk, N. O., 1245van Veen, Johannes A., 686Vela, G. R., 550Vesonder, R. F., 11

Walker, J. S., 1044Walsh, Leonie G., 661Warren, M. F., 601Warren, William J., 744Watanabe, I., 1157Watanabe, Iwao, 373, 813Watanabe, Kathleen K., 466Webster, Jocelyn R., 433Wehner, F. C., 658Wei, Ru-Dong, 104Weiner, R. M., 14White, David C., 459Whittaker, Billy L., 554Wiesenburg, Denis A., 466Williams, Robert P., 293Wilson, C. R., 559Wilson, D. F., 750Winfrey, M. R., 213, 244Winston, Vern, 1025Winter, Jeanette, 1001Witter, Lloyd D., 261Wojciechowicz, Maria, 136Wolf, H. W., 928Wolff, J. M., 391Wolochow, H., 924Won, William D., 222Wood, Peter McR., 289Woods, David R., 433Wu, J. F., 550Wyman, John F., 222

Yagen, Borris, 782Yamada, Shigeki, 1063Yamamoto, Koichiro, 181Yang, Chung-Kuang, 355, 358Yetinson, T., 12-30Yoh, Myonsun, 369

VOL. 37, 1979

AUTHOR INDEX APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

Yoneya, T., 1073Yoshida, Masaru, 310Young, Dorothy C., 766

Zabel, Robert A., 208Zajic, James E., 4Zehnder, Alexander J. B., 897Zeikus, J. G., 213, 244

Ziolecki, Aleksander, 131, 136Zuckerberg, A., 402, 414Zurrer, Hans, 789

SUBJECT INDEX

VOLUME 37

Acartia tonsa Danabacterial association, 750

Acetate metabolismin a meromictic lake, 213

3-Acetoxyscirpene-4,15-diolproduction from anguidine by F. oxysporum f.sp.

vasinfectum, 693Acetylene inhibition

denitrification in sediment, 1067Acetylene reduction

detached pea nodules, 73effect of ammonium chloride, 73effect of methionine sulfoximine, 73

Acetylene reduction activitywetland rice, 813

Acidificationinjury and recovery of E. coli, 261mode of action of injury, 261

Acinetobacter-Moraxellaprevalence in Tokyo Bay estuarine waters, 704

Acinetobacter spp.prevalence in Chesapeake Bay estuarine waters,

704Actinomycete-like bacteria

association with termites, 339Adenosine triphosphate flux

through a marsh system, 841Aeromonas proteolytica

chlordane inhibition, 471Aflatoxin B1

induction of B. megaterium phage, 554Aflatoxins

differentiation from territrems, 358Agrobacterium tumefaciens

virulence and microwave radiation, 127Airborne bacteria

ability to reproduce, 924Alcohol dehydrogenase

R. javanicus, 1073Alkalinity, medium

V. parahaemolyticus flagellation, 1248Alkyl phosphorus compounds

effect of Pi on metabolism, 605retention by soil, 605

Alteromonas rubranew prodiginine, 1176

Ammonium-lactate fermentationdialysis continuous process, 487

Anaerobes, intestinalurease activities, 379

Anaerobic bacteriadistribution in pig intestine, 187

Anemiaochratoxin A induced, 601

Anguidine3-acetetoxyscirpene-4,15-diol production by F.

oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum, 693Antibiotic resistance

R. japonicum, 867Antibody production

method, 104T-2 toxin, 104

Antibotulinal efficacynitrite and level of iron, 351

Aquatic habitatsL. pneumophila isolation, 1239

Arizonain salted whole egg, 1091

Aroclor 1254compared to phenanthrene, 878effect on glucose uptake, 878

Arthrobacter globiformisattachment to autoclaved soil, 1031

Arthrobacter RAG-1emulsifier requirements, 409

Arthrobacter RAG-1 emulsifierchemical properties, 414emulsifying properties, 402isolation, 402

AscosporesByssochlamys, 449heat resistance, 449

Aspergillus gracilisC. botulinum growth, 496in tomato juice, 496

Aspergillus terreusisolation of territrems, 355, 358

Atmospheric oxygenexposure of cysteine to, 383

Attachment to autoclaved soilbacterial soil isolates, 1031extracellular polysaccharide involvement, 1031

Azospirillum brasilenseand pearl millet growth, 1016plant growth substances, 1016

Bacillus brevisextraceilular maltase, 1096

Bacillus cereuseffects on growth, 109enterotoxin production, 109

Bacillus maceransprotocatechuate catabolism, 614

Bacillus megateriumphage induction, 554

Bacillus stearothermophilustime-temperature sterilization curve, 1113

Bacillus thuringiensis parasporal crystalstoxicity to P. interpunctella, 1012

Bacterial adhesionsolid surfaces, 67

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

Bacteriocinsproduction by C. acetobutylicum, 433

Bacteroides sp.cocultivation with S. lactis, 1206cross-feeding of lactate, 1206from termite hindguts, 1206

Beauveria bassianarole of beauvericin in entomopathogenicity, 1122

BeauvericinB. bassiana entomopathogenicity, 1122new assay procedure, 1122nontoxicity, 1122

Beneckea harveyiseasonal distribution, 1230

Benzalkonium chloridesalt solution preservative, 505

Bile acidsin rat feces, 1127

Bile saltsHSDHase activity, 992

Biodegradationeffect of concentration, 1211synthetic organic chemicals, 1211

BioluminescenceLPS determination, 782

Biomassconversion from biovolume measurements, 686soil organisms, 686

Biomass distributionanoxic hypersaline basin, 466

Biomass movement, microbialATP flux, 841through a marsh-ocean interface, 841

BiophotolysisM. laminosus, 454nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria, 454

Blue-green algae(see Cyanobacteria)

Bovine rumenisolation of large treponemes, 131

Butyrivibriooxaloacetate synthesis, 1245

Byssochlamys ascosporesheat resistance, 449

Byssochlamys fulvanonlogarithmic death rates, 596

Cadmium treatmenteffect on Douglas-fir needle litter microcosm

populations, 859enrichment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, 859

Candida ingenseffect of pH and temperature on growth, 1132growth on anaerobically fermented pig waste, 1132

Candida pseudotropicalisgrown in whey, 1201lactose production, 1201

Candida utilisproduction from potato processing waste, 227

Cannabinoidsmicrobial transformation, 965nabilone, 965

Carbon monoxidemaintenance of low atmospheric levels, 932

metabolism in culture, 932metabolism in soil, 932

Carcassesbactericidal activity, 667deep-tissue contamination, 667

Catalasefrom S. aureus MF-31, 1180heat inactivation, 1180

Caulobacterprevalence in Tokyo Bay estuarine waters, 704

Cecum, swinebacterial population, 1142comparison with population of the colon, 1142

Cell divisionairborne bacteria, 924

Cellulomonas sp.cultivated under glucose and zinc limitation, 1079macromolecular composition, 1079

Cellulose degradationin green turtles, 348

Chelonia mydas L.cellulose degradation, 348

Chemostat, histidine limiteduptake experiments with [14C]histidine, 794

Chicken emulsionsbotulinal germination, 1103

Chickensspoilage association of skin, 399

ChlamydosporesP. cinnamomi Rands, 661survival in intestinal tracts of termites and birds,

661Chlordane

effects on A. proteolytica, 471Chlorhexidine

comparison with isopropyl alcohol, 610effect on normal flora of hands, 610

Chlorine injurycoliform enumeration, 633in E. coli cells, 633physiology, 633

Chlorobenzoatesmicrobial utilization in sewage, 619response of natural microbial communities, 619

Chlorobenzoic acidsmetabolism by a pseudomonad, 421

Clamsenteric bacterial clearance from hemolymph, 517

Clostridium acetobutylicumbacteriocin production, 433

Clostridium botulinumgermination in chicken emulsions, 1103incidence in the Gulf of Thailand, 194sodium nitrite and sorbic acid effects, 1103type E toxin, 1173

Clostridium botulinum sporeseffect of reducing agents on Eh, 978effect of reducing agents on outgrowth, 978

Clostridium perfringensenterotoxin production, 1196growth in presence of Aspergillus sp., 496membrane filter enumeration procedure, 55mouse assay for enterotoxin, 181sporulation, 1196toxin production in tomato juice, 496

SUBJECT INDEX

VOL. 37, 1979

TSC agar for enumeration, 1038Coagulase/thermonuclease agar method

S. aureus detection in foods, 298Coliform count, total

reclaimed wastewater assessment, 928Coliforms, fecal and total

in pasture runoff, 985Coliforms, waterborne

enumeration and chlorine injury, 633Colon, swine

bacterial population, 1142comparison with population of the cecum, 1142

CometabolizationPCBs in mixed microbial cultures, 680

Conidiobolushemagglutinin production, 1110

Contact lenses, softevaluation of eye microflora, 233

Contamination, deep-tissuefood animal carcasses, 667

Copper stresseffect on necrosis virus infection, 198

Corynebacterium lepussurface-active lipids, 4

Coxsackievirussurvival under various incubation conditions, 972

Crab, frozenE. coli recovery, 836

Cronartium comandrae aeciosporesgerm tube growth inhibitors, 143

Culture media, solidifiedconcentration of solutes, 202

Cunninghamella echinulatametabolism of NPA, 429

Cyanobacteriabloom decomposition, 820effect of UV-B radiation, 1137indicators of stratospheric ozone depletion, 1137

Cyanobacteria, thermophilicnitrogen fixation, 454use in biophotolysis, 454

Cycitolsredwood sawdust extracts, 909utilization by Klebsielleae, 909

Cysteinebactericidal effect, 383exposed to atmospheric oxygen, 383

Cytochalasinsmodified biosynthetic and isolation procedures for

production, 208Cytochromes

Mn(II) oxidation by marine bacteria, 916

Death rates, nonlogarithmicB. fulva ascospores, 596

21-Dehydroxylasemethod for detection, 1001

Denitrificationin freshwater sediments, 1067measurement by in situ C2H2 inhibition, 1067

Denitrification ratesat in situ nitrate concentrations, 174in marine sediment, 174

Deoxyribonucleic acidS. natans phage, 1025strand breaks during drying of E. coli, 266

SUBJECT INDEX

Deproteinized wheydialysis continuous fermentation, 487

Detrital microbiotaPHB accumulation as growth measure, 459PHB-to-lipid phosphate ratios, 459

Dialysis continuous fermentationammonium-lactate, 487improved mathematical model, 487use of deproteinized whey, 487

Dichloran-rose bengal mediummold enumeration from foods, 959

Dichloroacetamideinfluence on rumen bacterial fermentation, 283

Dichromate oxidationdetermination of carbon-bound electron

compositions, 237Douglas-fir litter microcosmcadmium-mediated antibiotic-resistant bacteria,859

EC brothcompared with medium A-1 for E. coli recovery,836

Echoviruschlorine treated, 766reactivation, 766

Ecosystems, aquaticCanada geese and whistling swans, microbial

impact, 14Electrical impedance technique

rapid enumeration of fecal coliforms, 521Electrode system

determination of cell populations, 117using two electrodes, 117

Electron compositions, carbon-boundapproximation from CHN data, 237dichromate oxidation method, 237

Electron microscopydetection of viral particles in seawater, 774

Emodinmutagen for S. typhimurium, 658

EmulsifierArthrobacter RAG-1, 402, 409, 414chemical properties, 414hydrocarbon substrate specificity, 409isolation and properties, 402

Energetic growth efficiencyM. thermosphactum, 1047

Energy expenditure, maintenancecomparison among rumen bacteria, 537

Enrichment medium, secondarymotility medium for salmonella isolation, 725

Enteric bacteriaclearance from clams and oysters, 517

Enterococcifrom seafoods and marine environments, 947repair detection procedure, 947

Enterotoxin, C. perfringensmouse assay, 181

Enterotoxin productionB. cereus, 109C. perfringens type A, 1196effect of pH and DOT, 109effect of raffinose, 1196V. cholerae, 91

Enteroviruses

SUBJECT INDEX

detection in soil, 626presence in oysters and harvesting water, 572recovery method, 626

Environmental surfacestransmission of enteroviral diseases, 972

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assayC. botulinum type E toxin, 1173Rhizobium identification, 642

Epidiniumplant tissue degradation, 1217

Eremofortins A, B, and Cresolution by HPLC, 1059

Escherichia colicomparison of EC broth and medium A-1 for

recovery, 836DNA strand breaks during drying, 266injury after acidification, 261mutation by freeze-drying, 369N-nitrosamine formation, 279recovery from snow crab, 836

Estuarine bacteriadistribution in Chesapeake Bay and Tokyo Bay,

704Eubacterium lentum

bile salt 3a- and 12a-HSDHases, 99221-DOHase, 10013a-HSDHase, 1001new markers, 1001

Fecal coliform enumerationautomated electrical impedance technique, 521rapid MPN method, 527sewage treatment plant effluents, 521, 527

Fecal coliformsfrom seafoods and marine environments, 947repair detection procedure, 947

Feed, animalSalmonella isolation, 676

Ferric sulfate regenerationnitrogen requirement of iron-oxidizing thiobacilli,

954Filamentous bacteria

colonization of bovine tongue, 1224Flavobacterium

proteolytic bacteria in natural waters, 900Flavobacterium rigense

L-glutamine formation, 1063Food poisoning

histamine-producing K. pneumoniae, 274scombroid fish, 274

Food suspensionsmembrane filtration, 21

Freeze-dryingmutation in E. coli, 369

Frequency of dividing cellsmeasure of bacterial growth rate in aquatic

environments, 805Fungal flora

in organically labeled foods, 567Fungi, soil

tremorgenic toxin production, 172Fusarium moniliforme

moniliformin purification, 11mutagenic activity, 1118

Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectumproduction of 3-acetoxyscirpene-4,15-diol from

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

anguidine, 693Fusarium roseum

binding of zearalenone to a specific receptorprotein, 80

zearalenol isomer, 849Fusel oilsproduced during tape ketan fermentation, 892

Galactose transportcation requirements, 1166in a marine Vibrio sp., 1166

Gas chromatography profilesvolatile compound identification, 85

Geese, Canadianimpact on aquatic ecosystems, 14

Gel electrophoresislactic streptococci, 391

Germfree miceRNA phage propagation, 1157

Germ tubesgrowth inhibitors from C. comandrae, 143

Glucose isomeraseextraction from S. flavogriseus, 785extraction with cationic detergents, 785production by S. flavogriseus, 324S. phaeochromogenes cells, immobilized, 310

Glucose limitationalteration in Cellulomonas growth, 1079

Glucose uptakeby freshwater microbial populations, 878effects of Aroclor 1254 (PCB) and phenanthrene,878

,8-Glucosidasescatabolite repression, 938cellular localization, 938from P. chrysosporium, 938induction studies, 938

L-Glutamineproduction by F. rigense, 1063

Glutaraldehydeanimal virus inactivation, 1044

Glycogen mobilizationduring ochratoxicosis in chickens, 122

Green turtlescellulose degradation, 348

Growth rates, rumen bacteriaeffect of substrate combinations, 544

Health foodsbacteriological survey, 559mycological survey, 567

Heat resistanceByssochlamys ascospores, 449

Hemagglutininchitin binding, 1110Conidiobolus, 1110

Histamine productionby K. pneumoniae, 274

Histidine uptake kineticscalculated from chemostat equations, 794determined with ['4C]histidine, 794oxygen consumption method, 794

Hydrocarbon fuel systemsbacterial and fungal contamination, 871microbiological test kits, comparison, 871

Hydrogen production

VOL. 37, 1979

R. rubrum, 789Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases, 3a and 12a

activities against bile salts, 992behavior and purification, 992in E. lentum, 992

3a-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenasemethod for detection, 1001

Hypersaline basin, anoxicmicrobial activity, 466microbial biomass, 466

H2 uptakefree-living R. meliloti, 582

Immunofluorescenceinvasiveness of Vibrio in adult rabbits, 647

Indian meal mothtoxicity of B. thuringiensis, 1012

Inoculant, soybeanspolyacrylamide-entrapped R. japonicum, 779

Insecticides, organophosphatemineralization in the rhizosphere, 36

Insecticides, organophosphorusmicrobial cleavage, 886

Iron-deficiency anemiain chickens, 601ochratoxin A induced, 601

Isopropyl alcoholcomparison with chlorhexidine as hand wash, 610

Klebsiella pneumoniaehistamine production, 274in scombroid fish poisoning incident, 274

Klebsielleaebotanical environments, 909cyclitol utilization, 909

Lactase productionC. pseudotropicalis, 1201

Lactatecross-feeding between streptococci and

bacteroides, 1206Lactic streptococci

gel electrophoresis for cell extract grouping, 391Lactose metabolism

Lac- mutants of S. lactis, 1193plasmid linked, 1041S. lactis subsp. diacetylactis, 1041

Lake wateranaerobic methane oxidation, 303

Lampropediacuticle of green leaves as niche, 654

Landfarmingenvironmental parameter evaluation, 729oil hydrocarbon biodegradation, 729

Large intestine, swinedistribution of anaerobic bacteria, 187

L-dryingpreservation of VA endophyte spores, 831

Legionella pneumophilafrom nonepidemic-related habitats, 1239isolation from aquatic habitats, 1239technique for serogroup detection, 1239

Legionnaires disease bacteria (see Legionellapneumophila)

Limulus assayreclaimed wastewater assessment, 928

SUBJECT INDEX

Lipids, surface activeproduction by C. lepus, 4

Lipopolysaccharidebioluminescence technique for determination, 782

Liquid chromatographyeremofortins A, B, and C, 1059P. roqueforti toxin, 1059

Liquid scintillationradioactive methane measurement, 897

Luminous bacteriaas indicator organisms for marine ecosystems,

1230seasonal and geographic distribution, 1230

Lymph node lesions, swinediagnostic test for mycobacterial infection, 740

Lysine decarboxylaseactivity level in cells, 254restrictions in interpreting the Moelier test, 254

MaltaseB. brevis, 1096purification and characterization, 1096

Marine bacteriagrowth under high-pressure oxy-helium

atmosphere, 42Marine copepods

bacterial associations, 750Marine sediment, anoxicNH4+ production and incorporation, 760

Marsh systemATP flux, 841ATP transport, 841

Meat, dark, firm, and dryspoilage at chill temperatures, 362

Medium A-1compared with EC broth for E. coli recovery, 836

Membrane filtrationC. perfringens enumeration, 55food suspensions, 21

2-Mercaptoethanolantibacterial action on propionibacteria, 177

Meromictic lakeacetate metabolism, 213methanogenesis, 213

Mesophilic bacteria, aerobicdistribution on human skin, 345

Metabolism, anaerobicimmediate methane precursors, 244

Methane oxidation, anaerobicin lake water, 303to 14CO2, 303

Methane precursorsanaerobic metabolism, 244lake sediments, 244pool sizes, 244turnover times, 244

Methane, radioactivemeasurement with the liquid scintillation counter,

897Methanogenesis

in a meromictic lake, 213Methanosarcina barkeri

effect of inorganic sulfide on growth, 670growth on methanol, 670

Methylocystis parvis OBBPgrowth on methanol, 800

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

polysaccharide production, 800Microbacterium thermosphactumgrown in glucose-limited culture, 1047maintenance energy requirements, 1047molar growth yield, 1047

Microbial flora, eyesduring soft contact lens wear, 233

Microbial oxidation rateseffect of crop, 1085effect of soil depth, 1085soil organic matter, 1085

Microbial populationsdetermination by electrode system, 117enumeration with specific energy sources, 1142lower bowel of swine, 1142

Microbiological test kitscomparison with laboratory methods, 871contamination in hydrocarbon fuel systems, 871

Microporous filters, electropositivepoliovirus concentration, 588

Microwave radiationA. tumefaciens virulence, 127

Microwaveseffect on microorganisms, 550

Mn(II) oxidationby marine bacteria, 916cytQchrome involvement, 916

Moeller decarboxylase testslimitations, 254

Molds in foodsnew medium for enumeration, 959

Monensineffect on rumen fermentation, 283

MoniliforminF. moniliforme, 11purification, 11toxicity, 11

Moraxella-Acinetobactercell division patterns, 159radiation resistant, 159

Most-probable-number method, single stepfecal coliform enumeration, 527

Motility, selectivefor secondary enrichment of salmonellae, 725

Mouse mammary tumor viruslarge-scale production, 148production in the absence of MuLV, 148

Mucor pusillusextracellular proteases, 719

,8-Muricholic acidtransformation to w-muricholic acid, 1127

w-Muricholic acidformation in rats, 1127

Murine gastrointestinal tractT pintolopesii, 697

Murine leukemia virusMMTV production, 148

MusselsV. parahaemolyticus incidence, 438

Mycobacterial infectiondiagnostic test, 740in swine, 740

Mycophenolic acidproduction by P. roqueforti, 365

Mycotoxins, tremorgenic

A. terreus, 355territrems A and B, 355

Nabilonemicrobial transformations, 965

Necrosis viruseffect of copper stress, 198rainbow trout, 198

Neisseria gonorrhoeaestability and viability, 293

Nitriteantibotulinal efficacy and iron, 351

Nitrite metabolismby S. typhimurium, 1152Eh dependent, 1152

Nitrogen fixationin water culture rice, 373thermophilic cyanobacteria, 454use in biophotolysis, 454wetland rice, 813

Nitrogen requirementiron-oxidizing thiobacilli, 954relation to ferrous-iron oxidation, 954

'5N-NH4+dilution technique, 760in anoxic marine sediments, 760turnover measurement, 760

N-nitrosaminesformation by E. coli B, 279from nitrite and secondary amines, 279

Ochratoxicosisglycogen mobilization, 122in broiler chickens, 122

Ochratoxin Airon deficiency anemia, 601

Oil sludgeeffect of environment on biodegradation, 729

Orchardgrassmode of attack by rumen protozoa, 332

Organic chemicals, syntheticeffect of concentration on biodegradation, 1211

Organic soilsmicrobial oxidation rate, 1085

Organophosphate insecticidesmineralization in the rhizosphere, 36

Organophosphorus insecticideseffect on phosphate-dissolving soil bacteria, 169microbial cleavage, 886

Ornithine decarboxylaseactivity in cells, 254restrictions in interpreting the Moeller test, 254

Orthophosphate, inorganicalkyl phosphorus compound metabolism, 605

Oscillospiracuticle of green leaves as niche, 654

OutgrowthC. botulinum spores, 978effect of reducing agents, 978

Ovals, Quin's and Eadie'scuticle of green leaves as niche, 654

Oxaloacetate synthesisin Butyrivibrio, 1245

Oxidation-reduction potentialeffect of reducing agents, 978

SUBJECT INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX

Oxygen demandmeasurement of cyanobacterial decomposition,820

Oxy-helium atmosphere, high pressuregrowth of a marine bacterium, 42

Oystersenteric bacterial clearance from hemolymph, 517enterovirus pollution, 572

Ozonepoliovirus inactivation, 715

Ozone depletion, stratosphericcyanobacteria as biological indicators, 1137

Pea nodules, detachedacetylene-reducing activity, 73nitrogenase, 73

Pearl millet growthA. brasilense plant growth substances, 1016

Pectinolytic enzymesof rumen treponemes, 136

Pelagic ecosystemFDC as measure of bacterial growth rates, 805

Penicillium roquefortimycophenolic acid production, 365toxin resolution by HPLC, 1059

Pennisetum americanum L.A. brasilense plant growth substances, 1016

Permeability factor productionin B. cereus, 109

Phanerochaete chrysosporium/8-glucosidases, 938

Phaseotoxinplasmid involvement, 511production by P. phaseolicola, 511

Phenanthrenecompared to Aroclor 1254 (PCB), 878effect on glucose uptake, 878

Phomopsin Aproduction in liquid media by P.

leptostromiformis, 289Phomopsis leptostromiformisphomopsin A production, 289

Phosphatase, rooteffect of bacteria and amoebae on activity, 943

Photobacterium fischeriseasonal distribution, 1230

Photobacterium leiognathiseasonal distribution, 1230

Photobacterium phosphoreumseasonal distribution, 1230

Phytophthora cinnamomi Randschlamydospore passage and survival, 661forest dieback disease, 661

Phytoplankton, lakedecomposition, 820

Picric acidconversion to a mutagen, 222

Pig wasteC. ingens growth, 1132

Pisum sativumacetylene-reducing activity, 73

Plant root phosphataseeffect of bacteria and amoebae, 943

Plant tissuesingestion by Epidinium, 1217

primary degradation, 1217Plasmid deoxyribonucleic acidand citrate utilization, 310in S. lactis subsp. diacetylactis, 310

PlasmidsR-factor transfer in R. japonicum, 862

Plate count, standardreclaimed wastewater assessment, 928

Plodia interpunctellatoxicity of B. thuringiensis, 1012

Poliovirusconcentration using electropositive filters, 588degradation by adsorption on inorganic surfaces,480

from tap water, 588inactivation by ozone, 715method for calculating recovery, 480

Poliovirusesunsuitability as indicators of water quality, 343

Pollution indicatorsin rural potable water, 744

Polychlorinated biphenylscometabolization, 680degradation by mixed microbial cultures, 680

Poly-/8-hydroxybutyrateestuarine detrital microbiota, 459metabolism, 459

Polysaccharidefrom M. parvis OBBP, 800

Potable water, ruralpollution indicator organisms, 744

Potato processing wasteyeast production, 227

Poultryochratoxicosis, 122

Prodigiosin-like pigmentfrom A. rubra, 1176

Propionibacteriaantibacterial action of 2-mercaptoethanol, 177

(±)-N-(n-propyl)amphetaminemetabolism by C. echinulata, 429

Prosthecate bacteriain waste lagoons, 1007

Proteases, extracellularM. pusillus, 719nonrennin, 719

Proteinase activityPrt- mutants of S. lactis, 1193

Proteolysiseffects of pollutants, 900measurement in natural waters, 900

Protocatechuatecatabolism by B. macerans, 614

Pseudomnonasproteolytic bacteria in natural waters, 900

Pseudomonas aeruginosaconversion of picric acid to a mutagen, 222

Pseudomonas cepaciasurvival in salts solution, 505

Pseudomonas fluorescensthermal stress in complex media, 443

Pseudomonas phaseolicolaphaseotoxin production, 511plasmids, 511

Pseudomonas sp.

VOL. 37, 1979

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

metabolism of chlorobenzoic acids, 421Pseudomonas sp., marineattachment to bacterial surfaces, 67

Pseudomonas 7 and 28use of insecticides as sole phosphorus source, 886

Pulp wastegrowth of prosthecate bacteria, 1007

Radiation, 2,450-MHzlethal action on microorganisms, 550

Radiation resistanceY. enterocolitica, 50

Raffinoseeffect on enterotoxin production by C. perfringens,

1196effect on sporulation in C. perfringens, 1196

Rats, barnY. pseudotuberculosis epidemic, 1

Repair detection methodenterococci in seafood and environmental

samples, 947fecal coliforms in seafood and environmental

samples, 947R factors

transfer in R. japonicum, 862Rhizobium

identification by ELISA, 642in lentil nodules, 642

Rhizobium japonicumbinding between polysaccharides and soybean

roots, 1243inoculant for legumes, 779multiple antibiotic resistance, 867polyacrylamide entrapped, 779population density in rhizospheres, 854population density in soils, 854R-factor transfer, 862rhodamine-conjugated capsular polysaccharides,

1243Rhizobium meliloti

alfalfa and clover nodules, 582H2 evolution and uptake, 582

Rhizopus javanicusalcohol dehydrogenase production, 1073

Rhizosphere phosphatase activityeffect of bacteria and amoebae, 943of blue grama grass, 943

RhizospheresR. japonicum populations, 854

Rhizosphere soildiazinon mineralization, 36parathion mineralization, 36

RhodamineR. japonicum-soybean symbiosis, 1243

Rhodospirillum rubrumhydrogen production, 789

Ribonucleic acid phagesin double infections, 1157propagation in gnotobiotic mice, 1157serological properties, 1157

Rice, wetlandacetylene reduction activity assays, 813nitrogen fixation, 373N2-fixing rate, 813water culture, 373

Rumen bacteriaeffect of substrates on growth, 544effects of monensin and dichloroacetamide, 283grown on continuous culture, 537maintenance energy expenditures and growth

yields, 537substrate affinities, comparison, 531volatile fatty acid production, 283

Rumen bacteria, largeniche in pasture-fed ruminants, 654

Rumen, bovinetreponeme isolation, 131

Rumen protozoaattack on orchardgrass leaf blades, 332forage cell wall digestion, 332

Ruminants, pasture-fedniche for large rumen bacteria, 654

Runoff waterfrom pastureland, 985TC, FC, and FS counts, 985

Saccharomycopsis fibuligerproduction from potato processing waste, 227

SalmonellaEh-dependent N02- metabolism, 1152in salted whole egg, 1091

Salmonellaesecondary enrichment by motility, 725

Salmonella/microsome systemmutagenicity of emodin, 658

Salmonella spp.isolation from animal feed, 676

Salmonella typhimurium assayF. moniliforme mutagenic activity, 1118

Salted whole egginoculation with Arizona and Salmonella, 1091pasteurization, 1091

Salts solution, inorganicP. cepacia survival, 505preserved with CBC, 505

Sarcina albidaL-serine production, 1053

L-Serine productionbioconversion procedure, 1053S. albida, 1053

Sewagemicrobial transformation of chlorobenzoates, 619

Sewage treatment plantsfecal coliform enumeration, 521, 527

Simonsiellaceaeadherence to the epithilium of bovine tongue, 1224

Sodium nitrateeffect on botulinal germination, 1103

Soil bacteria, phosphate-dissolvingeffect of organophosphorus insecticides, 169

Soil organismsconversion of biovolume measurements to

biomass, 686nutrient content, 686

Solute requirementsgalactose active transport in marine bacteria, 1166

Solutesextraction and quantification, 202in solidified agar culture media, 202

Sorbic acid

SUBJECT INDEX

VOL. 37, 1979

effect on botulinal germination, 1103Soybean products

Salmonella source, 559Sphaerotilus natans

isolation of bacteriophage, 1025Sphaerotilus natans phage

unusual base in DNA, 1025Spoilage aroma volatiles

identification by gas chromatography, 85Spoilage association

chicken skin, 399Spoilage, foodDFD meat at chill temperatures, 362

Spore preservationL-drying method, 831

Sporulationeffect of raffinose, 1196in C. perfringens, 1196

Staphylococcus aureuscoagulase/thermonuclease agar method for

detection, 298heat inactivation of catalase, 1180

Steam sterilization indicators, commercialcompared with B. stearothermophilus time-temperature sterilization curve, 1113

comparison of efficacy, 1113Streptococci, lactic

gel electrophoresis, 391Streptococcus lactis

cocultivation with Bacteroides sp., 1206cross-feeding of lactate, 1206from termite hindguts, 1206Lac- Prt- mutants, 1193plasmid profiles of mutants, 1193

Streptococcus lactis subsp. diacetylactiscitrate utilization, 316plasmid DNA, 316plasmid-linked lactose metabolism, 1041

Streptomyces flavogriseusglucose isomerase extraction, 785glucose isomerase production, 324

Streptomyces phaeochromogenesglucose isomerase containing, 310immobilization in fine-particle form, 310

Substrate affinitiesdeterminant of rumen bacterial growth, 531

Sulfide, inorganiceffect on Methanosarcina growth, 670

Swans, whistlingimpact on aquatic ecosystems, 14

Tape ketan fermentationA. rouxii, 892fusel oil production, 892

Termites, soil-feedingassociation of actinomycete-like bacteria, 339

Territremsdifferentiation from aflatoxins, 358from A. terreus, 358mycotoxins of A. terreus, 355

Thermal stressP. fluorescens, 443

Thiobacillus ferrooxidansnitrogen requirement, 954

Tomato juice

SUBJECT INDEX

C. botulinum toxin production, 496Torulopsis pintolopesii

energy-yielding metabolism, 697environmental requirements, 697murine gastrointestinal tract, 697

Toxin detectionby ELISA, 1173C. botulinum type E, 1173

Tremorgenic toxinsproduction by soil fungi, 172

Treponemesisolation from bovine rumen, 131pectinolytic enzymes, 136

2,4,6-Trinitrophenolconversion to a mutagen, 222

Tryptose-sulfite-cycloserine agarC. perfringens enumeration, 1038heat treatment, 1038

T-2 toxinantibody production, 104

Ultraviolet radiationeffect on cyanobacteria, 1137

Urease activityintestinal anaerobes, 379

Vegetative bacteria, radiation-resistantcell division, 159DNA base composition, 159fine structure, 159

Vesicular-arbuscular endophytesL-drying of spores, 831

Vibrio choleraeenterotoxin production, 91incidence in Chesapeake Bay, 91

Vibrio parahaemolyticuseffect of medium pH on flagellation, 1248immunofluorescence studies, 647invasiveness in adult rabbits, 647occurrence. in Dutch mussels, 438

Vibrio sp., marinegalactose active transport, 1166

Vibrio spp.prevalence in Chesapeake Bay estuarine waters,

704Viruses, animal

inactivation by glutaraldehyde in swine hearttissue, 1044

Virus particlesdetection by electron microscopy, 774high incidence in seawater, 774

Volatile fatty acidsC. ingens growth, 1132effect of pH and temperature, 1132

Wastewater, renovatedcomparison of tests for assessment, 928

Water culture techniquenitrogen fixation in rice, 373

Water qualitypasture runoff, 985polioviruses as indicators, 343TC, FC, and FS counts, 985

Xanthanproduction by X. campestris, 1186

SUBJECT INDEX

Xanthomonas campestrisxanthan production, 1186

Yersinia enterocoliticaradiation resistance and injury, 50

Yersinia pseudotuberculosisepidemic in barn rats, 1

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

Zearalenolisomer produced by F. roseum, 849

Zearalenonebinding to an F. roseum protein fraction, 80

Zinc limitationalteration in Cellulomonas growth, 1079

APPLIED AND-

ENVIRONMENTAL

MICROBIOLOGY

VOLUME 37

WASHINGTON, D C 20006

1979

APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTALMICROBIOLOGY

VOLUME 37 0 1979

EDITORIAL BOARDMARVIN P. BRYANT, Editor-in-Chief (1981)

University of Illinois, Urbana

R. H. DEIBEL, Editor (1981)University of Wisconsin, Madison

A. L. DEMAIN, Editor (1981)Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge

MARTIN S. FAVERO, Editor (1980)Centerfor Disease Control, Phoenix, Ariz.

JAMES M. TIEDJE, Editor (1984)Michigan State Universitv, East Lansing

Bernard J. Abbott (1980)Martin Alexander (1980)Milton J. Allison (1980)Ronald Atlas (1980)Richard Bartha (1979)Robert T. Belly (1981)Joan W. Bennett (1981)Martha D. Berliner (1980)Jerome Birnbaum (1979)Thomas L. Bott (1980)Charles Boylen (1979)Thomas Brock (1980)Lee A. Bulla, Jr. (1980)Lloyd B. Bullerman (1980)Victor Cabelli (1979)Paul E. Came (1979)William R. Chesbro (1979)Tom D. Y. Chin (1980)Alex Ciegler (1980)Richard T. J. Clarke (1981)Rita R. Colwell (1980)Richard A. Consigli (1979)Charles Cooney (1979)Joseph J. Cooney (1980)Jacob A. Donkersloot (1979)Steven W. Drew (1981)

Charles L. Duncan (1979)Richard Elander (1979)Beatrice England (1980)Jerald C. Ensign (1980)Carl B. Fliermans (1981)Heinz G. Floss (1980)Dennis Focht (1979)Edwin E. Geldreich (1979)John M. Goepfert (1979)Richard E. Goldstrand (1979)Reinaldo F. Gomez (1979)Bruce Hamilton (1981)Robert D. Hamilton (1979)Paul A. Hartman (1980)Melvin T. Hatch (1981)Charles W. Hendricks (1980)Robert B. Hespell (1980)Lillian V. Holdeman (1979)David H. Hubbell (1981)John J. Iandolo (1980)M. B. Ingle (1979)Edward Katz (1979)Donald A. Klein (1981)Michael J. Klug (1980)Roger Knowles (1979)Paul Lemke (1979)

Carol Litchfield (1980)Joseph L. Melnick (1980)Thomas L. Miller (1979)Claude H. Nash (1981)Eldor A. Paul (1980)W. J. Payne (1979)C. A. Reddy (1979)Antonio H. Romano (1980)Dwayne Savage (1979)Oldrich K. Sebek (1980)John McN. Sieburth (1981)Anthony J. Sinskey (1979)William H. Sperber (1980)James T. Staley (1980)Jon H. Tuttle (1980)Carl Vanderzant (1979)Claude Vezina (1979)Edward Voss (1981)D. I. C. Wang (1981)William J. Wiebe (1980)Fred D. Williams (1980)R. P. Williams (1981)G. N. Wogan (1980)Alan G. Wolin (1980)Meyer J. Wolin (1979)William Votis (1979)

Robert A. Day, Managing EditorGisella Pollock, Assistant Managing Editor

Cheryl Cross, Production Editor1913 I St., NW, Washington, DC 20006

EX OFFICIOEdwin H. Lennette, President (1978-1979)

J. Mehsen Joseph, Secretary

Applied and Environmental Microbiology (ISSN 0099-2240), apublication of the American Society for Microbiology, 1913 I St.,N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006, is devoted to the advancementand dissemination of applied knowledge as well as ecologicalknowledge, both applied and fundamental, concerning microor-ganisms. Instructions to Authors are published in the Januaryissue each year. Applied and Environmental Microbiology is pub-lished monthly, two volumes per year. The nonmember subscrip-tion price is $70 per year. The member subscription price is $17per year. Single copies are $6.00. Correspondence relating tosubscriptions, nonreceipt of journals, reprints, defective copies,availability of back issues, and lost or late proofs should bedirected to the ASM Publications Office, 1913 I St., N.W.,Washington, D.C. 20006 (area 202-833-9680).

Second-class postage paid at Washington, DC 20006, and at

Willis A. Wood, President-Elect (1978-1979)Brinton M. Miller, Treasurer

additional mailing offices. Made in the United States of America.Copyright © 1979, American Society for Microbiology.All Rights Reserved.

The code at the top of the first page of an article in this journalindicates the copyright owner's consent that copies of the articlemay be made for personal use, or for personal use of specificclients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that thecopier pay the stated per-copy fee through the Copyright Clear-ance Center, Inc., P.O. Box 765, Schenectady, New York 12301,for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 and 108 ofthe U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to otherkinds of copying, such as copying for general distribution, foradvertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collectiveworks, or for resale.

Volume 37 Contents for January 1979 Number 1

Metabolism, Growth, and Industrial MicrobiologyProduction of Surface-Active Lipids by Corynebacterium lepus. DAVID G.

COOPER,* JAMES E. ZAJIC, AND DONALD F. GERSON..... 4Low-Intensity Microwave Radiation and the Virulence of Agrobacterium tumefa-

ciens Strain B6. HAROLD A. MOORE, ROBERTA RAYMOND, MICHAEL Fox,AND ALAN G. GALSKY* ............................ ..................... 127

Pectinolytic Enzymes of Large Rumen Treponemes. MARIA WOJCIECHOWICZ ANDALEKSANDER ZIOZECKI*.. 136

GermTube Growth Inhibitor from Cronartium comandrae Aeciospores. DEBORAHA. EPPSTEIN AND F. H. TAINTER*..... 143

Large-Scale Production of Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus in the Absence ofEndogenous Murine Leukemia Virus. C. V. BENTON,* J. S. HARSHMAN, 0. R.ROBINSON, JR., AND G. P. SHIBLEY...... 148

Food Microbiology and ToxicologyMembrane Filtration of Food Suspensions. ANTHONY N. SHARPE, * PEARL I. PE-

TERKIN, AND ISTVAN DUDAS... 21

Radiation Resistance and Injury of Yersinia enterocolitica. YEHIA A. EL-ZA-WAHRY AND D. B. ROWLEY* .. ... ... ....... ........ 50

High-Resolution Gas Chromatographic Profiles of Volatile Organic CompoundsProduced by Microorganisms at Refrigerated Temperatures. MILTON L.LEE,* DOUGLAS L. SMITH, AND L. REED FREEMAN.85

Effects of Glucose, pH, and Dissolved-Oxygen Tension on Bacillus cereus Growthand Permeability Factor Production in Batch Culture. W. M. SPIRA AND G.J. SILVERMAN*........ 109

Patterns of Cell Division, DNA Base Compositions, and Fine Structures of SomeRadiation-Resistant Vegetative Bacteria Found in Food. S. W. SANDERS ANDR. B.MAXCY* .............................................. 159

MycotoxinsMoniliformin, a Metabolite of Fusarium moniliforne NRRL6322: Purification and

Toxicity. H. R. BURMEISTER,* A. CIEGLER, AND R. F. VESONDER ... 11Preferential Binding of Radiolabeled Zearalenone to a Protein Fraction ofFusarium

roseum Graminearum. T. INABA AND C. J. MIROCHA* ... 80Production of Antibody Against T-2 Toxin. F. S. CHU,* S. GROSSMAN, RU-DONG

WEI, AND C. J. MIROCHA ................... 104Decreased Glycogen Mobilization During Ochratoxicosis in Broiler Chickens. W.

E. HUFF, J. A. DOERR, AND P. B. HAMILTON* ..................... 122Tremorgenic Toxins Produced by Soil Fungi. D. S. P. PATTERSON,* B. A. ROB-

ERTS, B. J. SHREEVE, S. M. MACDONALD, AND A. W. HAYES .............. 172

Applied Environmental and Public Health MicrobiologySmouldering Epidemic of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in Barn Rats. KEN-ICHI

KANEKO,* SUKEKAZU HAMADA, YUMI KASAI, AND NOBUO HASHIMOTO 1

Microbial Impact of Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) and Whistling Swans(Cygnus columbianus columbianus) on Aquatic Ecosystems. D. HUSSONG, J.M. DAMARE, R. J. LIMPERT, W. J. L. SLADEN, R. M. WEINER, * AND R. R.COLWELL..............14

Membrane Filter Enumeration Method for Clostridiumperfringens. J. W. BISSONAND V. J. CABELLI*......... 55

* Asterisk refers to person to whom inquiries regarding the paper should be addressed.

CONTENTS

Ecology, Serology, and Enterotoxin Production of Vibrio cholerae in ChesapeakeBay. J. KAPER, H. LOCKMAN, R. R. COLWELL,* AND S. W. JOSEPH ........ 91

Effect of Two Organophosphorus Insecticides on the Phosphate-Dissolving SoilBacteria. FRANCISCO CONGREGADO,* DOLORES SIMON-PUJOL, AND ANTONIOJUAREZ ............................................................... 169

Selective Antibacterial Action of 2-Mercaptoethanol on Propionibacteria in SkinCultures. KATHY L. MATTERN, CHARLES A. EVANS,* AND JIMMIE C. LARA. 177

General Microbial EcologyAccelerated Mineralization of Two Organosphosphate Insecticides in the Rhizo-

sphere. T.-S. HSU AND R. BARTHA*.. 36Growth of a Bacterium Under a High-Pressure Oxy-Helium Atmosphere. CRAIG

D. TAYLOR ............................................................ 42

Influence of Substratum Characteristics on the Attachment of a Marine Pseudo-monad to Solid Surfaces. MADILYN M. FLETCHER* AND G. I. LOEB ........ 67

Effect of Ammonium Chloride and Methionine Sulfoximine on the AcetyleneReduction of Detached Root Nodules of Peas (Pisum sativum). F. Hou-WAARD........ ... 73

Isolation and Characterization of Large Treponemes from the Bovine Rumen.ALEKSANDER ZIOZECKI..... 131

Estimation of Sediment Denitrification Rates at In Situ Nitrate Concentrations.AHARON OREN AND THOMAS H. BLACKBURN*... 174

MethodsElectrode System for the Determination of Microbial Populations. TADASHI MAT-

SUNAGA, ISAO KARUBE,* AND SHUICHI SUZUKI ........................... 117

Volume 37 Contents for February 1979 Number 2

Metabolism, Growth, and Industrial MicrobiologyConvenient Procedures for the Biosynthesis, Isolation, and Isotope Labeling of

Cytochalasins. ROBERT A. ZABEL,* CARL A. MILLER, AND STUART W. TA-NENBAUM ............................................................. 208

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Strand Breaks During Drying of Escherichia coli on aHydrophobic Filter Membrane. SHOJI ASADA,* MITSUo TAKANO, AND ISAOSHIBASAKI ............................................................ 266

Formation of N-Nitrosamines from Secondary Amines and Nitrite by Resting Cellsof Escherichia coli B. NAOMICHI KUNISAKI AND MAKOTO HAYASHI* ...... 279

Immobilization of Glucose Isomerase-Containing Streptomyces phaeochromogenesCells in Fine-Particle Form. MINORU KUMAKURA, MASARU YOSHIDA, ANDISAO KAETSU * ......................................................... 310

Production of Glucose Isomerase by Streptomyces flavogriseus. W. P. CHEN,* A.W. ANDERSON, AND Y. W. HAN .................................. 324

Food Microbiology and ToxicologyFluid Accumulation in Mouse Ligated Intestine Inoculated with Clostridium per-

fringens Enterotoxin. KOICHIRO YAMAMOTO,* IWAO OHISHI, AND GENJI SAK-AGUCHI... 181

Optimizing the Continuous Production of Candida utilis and Saccharomycopsisfibuliger on Potato Processing Wastewater. S. A. LEMMEL, R. C. HEIMSCH, *AND L. L. EDWARDS....................... 227

CONTENTS

Injury and Recovery of Escherichia coli After Sublethal Acidification. KENNETHS. PRZYBYLSKI AND LLOYD D. WITTER*.261

Histamine Production by Klebsiella pneumoniae and an Incident of ScombroidFish Poisoning. STEVE L. TAYLOR,* LINDA S. GUTHERTZ, MATTHEW LEATH-ERWOOD, AND ELLEN R. LIEBER ........................................ 274

Tandem Coagulase/Thermonuclease Agar Method for the Detection of Staphylo-coccus aureus. J. BOOTHBY, C. GENIGEORGIS,* AND M. J. FANELLI ........ 298

Characterization of Plasmid Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Streptococcus lactis subsp.diacetylactis: Evidence for Plasmid-Linked Citrate Utilization. G. M. KEM-PLER AND L. L. McKAY*.. 316

Iron and the Antibotulinal Efficacy of Nitrite. R. B. ToMPKIN,* L. N. CHRISTIAN-SEN, AND A. B. SHAPARIS.351

MycotoxinsPhomopsin A Production by Phomopsis leptostromiformis in Liquid Media.

GEORGE W. LANIGAN, ALAN L. PAYNE,* LESLIE W. SMITH, PETER McR.WOOD, AND DAVID S. PETTERSON.. 289

Applied Environmental and Public Health MicrobiologyClostridium botulinum in the Gulf of Thailand. LEK TANASUGARN .... ........ 194Increased Susceptibility of Rainbow Trout to Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis

Virus After Exposure to Copper. FRANK M. HETRICK,* MARTIN D. KNITTEL,AND J. L. FRYER.198

Conversion of 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol to a Mutagen by Pseudomonas aeru-ginosa. JOHN F. WYMAN,* HAROLD E. GUARD, WILLIAM D. WON, AND JOANH. QUAY.222

Evaluation of Microbial Flora of the Eye During Wear of Soft ContactLenses. MOLLIE E. MCBRIDE.233

Stability and Viability of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Various Solutions andBuffers. PININA NORROD AND ROBERT P. WILLIAMS*.293

Unsuitability of Polioviruses as Indicators of Virological Quality of Water. E.KATZENELSON AND SIMONA KEDMI*.343

Uneven Distribution of Aerobic Mesophilic Bacteria on Human Skin. WILLIAMA. KEITH, JR.,* ROKO J. SMILJANIC, WILLIAM A. AKERS, AND LONNIE W.KEITH.... 345

General Microbial EcologyTypes and Distribution of Anaerobic Bacteria in the Large Intestine of

Pigs. EDWARD G. RUSSELL.187Microbial Methanogenesis and Acetate Metabolism in a Meromictic Lake. M. R.

WINFREY AND J. G. ZEIKUS*.. 213Anaerobic Metabolism of Immediate Methane Precursors in Lake Mendota. M.

R. WINFREY AND J. G. ZEIKUS*.. 244Monensin and Dichloroacetamide Influences on Methane and Volatile Fatty Acid

Production by Rumen Bacteria In Vitro. L. L. SLYTER ..... .............. 283Oxidation of Methane in the Absence of Oxygen in Lake Water Samples. A. T.

PANGANIBAN, JR., T. E. PATT, W. HART, AND R. S. HANSON* .... .......... 303Mode of Attack on Orchardgrass Leaf Blades by Rumen Protozoa. DANNY E.

AKIN* AND HENRY E. AMOS................ 332Association of Actinomycete-Like Bacteria with Soil-Feeding Termites (Termitidae,

Termitinae). DAVID E. BIGNELL,* HAKON OSKARSSON, AND JONATHAN M.ANDERSON ............................................................ 339

CONTENTS

Symbiotic Cellulose Degradation in Green Turtles, Chelonia mydas L. T. M.FENCHEL,* C. P. McRoy, J. C. OGDEN, P. PARKER, AND W. E. RAINEY. 348

MethodsExtraction and Quantification ofSolutes in Solidified Agar Culture Media. STEPHEN

J. BUYNITZKY, H. BRANCH HOWE, JR.,* AND YOVONNE SHELLHORSE ....... 202Determination of the Carbon-Bound Electron Composition of Microbial Cells and

Metabolites by Dichromate Oxidation. ROBIN F. HARRIS* AND SUSAN S.ADAMS .......................... 237

Limitations of the Moeller Lysine and Ornithine Decarboxylase Tests. R. W.PILSUCKI,* N. W. CLAYTON, V. J. CABELLI, AND P. S. COHEN .. ..... 254

Volume 37 Contents for March 1979 Number3

Metabolism, Growth, and Industrial MicrobiologyInduction of Mutation in Escherichia coli by Freeze-Drying. YOSHINORI TA-

NAKA,* MYONSUN YOH, YOSHIFUMI TAKEDA, AND ToSHIO MIWATANI ..... 369Bactericidal Effect of Cysteine Exposed to Atmospheric Oxygen. JAN CARLSSON, *

GUNNAR P. D. GRANBERG, GORAN K. NYBERG, AND MAJ-BRITT K. EDLUND 383Emulsifier of Arthrobacter RAG-1: Isolation and Emulsifying Properties. E. Ro-

SENBERG,* A. ZUCKERBERG, C. RUBINOVITZ, AND D. L. GUTNICK ......... 402Emulsifier of Arthrobacter RAG-1: Specificity of Hydrocarbon Substrate. E.

ROSENBERG,* A. PERRY, D. T. GIBSON, AND D. L. GUTNICK ............... 409Emulsifier of Arthrobacter RAG-1: Chemical and Physical Properties. A. ZUCK-

ERBERG, A. DIVER, Z. PEERI, D. L. GUTNICK, AND E. ROSENBERG* ...... 414Metabolism of (±)-N-(n-Propyl)Amphetamine by Cunninghamella echinulata.

RONALD T. CouTTS,* BRIAN C. FOSTER, GRAHAM R. JONES, AND GORDON E.MYERS ............................................................... 429

Bacteriocin Production by Clostridium, acetobutylicum in an Industrial Fermenta-tion Process. JENNIFER M. BARBER, FRANK T. ROBB, JOCELYN R. WEBSTER,AND DAVID R. WOODS* ................................................ 433

Nitrogen Fixation by Thermophilic Blue-Green Algae (Cyanobacteria): Tempera-ture Characteristics and Potential Use in Biophotolysis. KAZUHISA MIYA-MOTO, PATRICK C. HALLENBECK, AND JOHN R. BENEMANN* ............... 454

Dialysis Continuous Process for Amnnonium-Lactate Fermentation: ImprovedMathematical Model and Use of Deproteinized Whey. R. W. STIEBER ANDPHILIPP GERHARDT* .................................................... 487

Apparent Involvement of a Plasmid in Phaseotoxin Production by Pseudomonasphaseolicola. B. V. GANTOTTI, SURESH S. PATIL,* AND MORTON MANDEL 511

Catabolism of Protocatechuate by Bacillus macerans. RONALD L. CRAWFORD,*JOHN W. BROMLEY, AND PATRICIA E. PERKINS-OLSON.614

Food Microbiology and ToxicologySpoilage of Vacuum-Packaged Dark, Firm, Dry Meat at Chill Temperatures. C.

0. GILL* AND K. G. NEWTON .................................... 362Grouping ofLactic Streptococci by Gel Electrophoresis of Soluble Cell Extracts. A.

W. JARVIS* AND J. M. WOLFF.... 391Spoilage Association of Chicken Skin. H. B. DAUD,* T. A. MCMEEKIN, AND C. J.

THOMAS .................................................. 399

CONTENTS

Thermal Stress of Pseudomonas fluorescens in Complex Media. DAVID R. McCoyAND Z. JOHN ORDAL* .................................................. 443

Heat Resistance of Byssochlamys Ascospores. HENRY G. BAYNE* AND H. DAVIDMICHENER ............................................................ 449

Clostridium botulinum Growth and Toxin Production in Tomato Juice ContainingAspergillus gracilis. THERON E. ODLAUG AND IRVING J. PFLUG* .... ..... 496

In Vivo Clearance of Enteric Bacteria from the Hemolymph of the Hard Clam andthe American Oyster. BONNIE J. HARTLAND AND JOHN F. TIMONEY* ...... 517

Bacteriological Survey of Sixty Health Foods. W. H. ANDREWS,* C. R. WILSON,P. L. POELMA, A. ROMERO, AND P. B. MISLIVEC .......................... 559

Mycological Survey of Selected Health Foods. P. B. MISLIVEC,* V. R. BRUCE,AND W. H. ANDREWS....... 567

Nonlogarithmic Death Rate Calculations for Byssochlamys fulva and Other Micro-organisms. A. DOUGLAS KING, JR.,* HENRY G. BAYNE, AND GORDON ALDER-TON .............................................................. 596

Demonstration of Invasiveness of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Adult Rabbits byImmunofluorescence. B. K. BOUTIN,* S. F. TOWNSEND, P. V. SCARPINO, ANDR. M. TWEDT ......................................................... 647

Mutagenicity of the Mycotoxin Emodin in the Salmonella/Microsome System. F.C. WEHNER,* P. G. THIEL, AND MARLENE DU RAND ..... ................. 658

MycotoxinsTerritrems, Tremorgenic Mycotoxins of Aspergillus terreus. Kuo HUANG LING,*

CHUNG-KUANG YANG, AND Fu-Tso PENG ................................ 355

Differentiation of Aflatoxins from Territrems. Kuo HUANG LING,* CHUNG-KUANGYANG, AND HUI-CHUAN HUANG......................................... 358

Production of Mycophenolic Acid by Penicillium roqueforti Strains. PHILIPPELAFONT,* JEAN-PATUL DEBEAUPUIS, MICHEL GAILLARDIN, AND JACQUESPAYAN ... ................. .. 365

Conditions for Induction of Bacteriophage from Lysogenic Bacillus megateriumwith Aflatoxin B1. BILLY L. WHITTAKER AND JOHN R. CHIPLEY .... ....... 554

Ochratoxin A-Induced Iron Deficiency Anemia. W. E. HUFF, C. F. CHANG, M. F.WARREN, AND P. B. HAMILTON* ................ 601

Appled Environmental and Public Health MicrobiologyOccurrence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Dutch Mussels. M. J. M. VAN DEN

BROEK,* D. A. A. MOSSEL, AND ALI E. EGGENKAMP... .. 438

Evidence for the Subcellular Localization and Specificity of Chlordane Inhibition inthe Marine Bacterium Aeromonas proteolytica. J. P. NAKAS AND C. D.LITCHFIELD* .......................................................... 471

Degradation of Poliovirus by Adsorption on Inorganic Surfaces. JAMES P. MUR-RAY* AND STEVEN J. LABAND....... 480

Fourteen-Year Survival of Pseudomonas cepacia in a Salts Solution Preservedwith Benzalkonium Chloride. SAM G. GEFTIC,* HANS HEYMANN, AND FRANKW. ADAIR.. 505

Automated Electrical Impedance Technique for Rapid Enumeration of Fecal Coli-forms in Effluents from Sewage Treatment Plants. MELVIN P. SILVERMAN*AND ELAINE F. MUNOZ ................................................. 521

Rapid, Single-Step Most-Probable-Number Method for Enumerating Fecal Coli-forms in Effluents from Sewage Treatment Plants. ELAINE F. MUNOZ ANDMELVIN P. SILVERMAN*... 527

CONTENTS

Mechanism of Lethal Action of 2,450-MHz Radiation on Microorganisms. G. R.VELA* AND J. F. Wu..... 550

Human Enteroviruses in Oysters and Their Overlying Waters. SAGAR M. GOYAL,*CHARLES P. GERBA, AND JOSEPH L. MELNICK.. 572

Concentration of Poliovirus from Tap Water Using Positively Charged MicroporousFilters. MARK D. SOBSEY* AND BAXTER L. JONES..... 588

Phosphate and Soil Binding: Factors Limiting Bacterial Degradation of IonicPhosphorus-Containing Pesticide Metabolites. CHRISTIAN G. DAUGHTON,ALASDAIR M. COOK, AND MARTIN ALEXANDER*..... 605

Comparative Study on the Antimicrobial Effect of 0.5% Chlorhexidine Gluconateand 70% Isopropyl Alcohol on the Normal Flora of Hands. RAZA ALY* ANDHOWARD I. MAIBACH......... .... 610

Utilization of Chlorobenzoates by Microbial Populations in Sewage. M. J. DI-GERONIMO, M. NIKAIDO, AND M. ALEXANDER*.. 619

Development of a Quantitative Method for the Detection of Enteroviruses inSoil. CHRISTON J. HURST AND CHARLES P. GERBA* .. ... .. 626

Chlorine Injury and the Enumeration of Waterborne Coliform Bacteria. ANNE K.CAMPER AND GORDON A. MCFETERS*.. 633

Passage and Survival of Chlamydospores of Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands, theCausal Agent of Forest Dieback Disease, Through the Gastrointestinal Tractof Termites and Wild Birds. D. KEAST* AND LEONIE G. WALSH ........ 661

General Microbial EcologyNitrogen Fixation Associated with the Rice Plant Grown in Water Culture. IWAO

WATANABE* AND DELFIN R. CABRERA....... 373Urease-Producing Species of Intestinal Anaerobes and Their Activities. K. Su-

ZUKI,* Y. BENNO, T. MITSUOKA, S. TAKEBE, K. KOBASHI, AND J. HASE ... 379Metabolism of 3-Chloro-, 4-Chloro-, and 3,5-Dichlorobenzoate by a Pseudom-

onad. J. HARTMANN, W. REINEKE, AND H.-J. KNACKMUSS* ............... 421Poly-,8-Hydroxybutyrate Accumulation as a Measure of Unbalanced Growth of the

Estuarine Detrital Microbiota. JANET S. NICKELS, JOHN D. KING, AND DAVIDC. WHITE*....... 459

Microbial Biomass and Activity Distribution in an Anoxic, Hypersaline basin. PAULA. LAROCK,* RAY D. LAUER, JOHN R. SCHWARZ, KATHLEEN K. WATANABE,AND DENIS A. WIESENBURG.. 466

Comparison of Substrate Affinities Among Several Rumen Bacteria: a PossibleDeterminant of Rumen Bacterial Competition. JAMES B. RUSSELL* AND R.L. BALDWIN . ... ... .. .... ............ ..... .. ... ......... 531

Comparison of Maintenance Energy Expenditures and Growth Yields AmongSeveral Rumen Bacteria Grown on Continuous Culture. JAMES B. RUSSELL*AND R. L. BALDWIN... ...... 537

Effects of Combinations of Substrates on Maximum Growth Rates of SeveralRumen Bacteria. JAMES B. RUSSELL,* FRANK J. DELFINO, AND R. L. BALD-WIN... 544

Hydrogen Evolution from Alfalfa and Clover Nodules and Hydrogen Uptake byFree-Living Rhizobium meliloti. TOMAS RUIZ-ARGUESO, ROBERT J. MAIER,AND HAROLD J. EVANS* ................................................ 582

Colorimetric Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Identification of Strainsof Rhizobium in Culture and in the Nodules of Lentils. J. A. BERGER, S. N.MAY, L. R. BERGER,* AND B. B. BOHLOOL ................6..............42

Niche in Pasture-Fed Ruminants for the Large Rumen Bacteria Oscillospira,Lampropedia, and Quin's and Eadie's Ovals. R. T. J. CLARKE.654

CONTENTS

ErratumProduction, Characterization, and Partial Amino Acid Sequence of Xylanase A

from Schizophyllum commune. M. G. PAICE, L. JURASEK, M. R. CARPENTER,AND L. B. SMILLIE ................ ..................................... 665

Volume 37 Contents for April 1979 Number4

Metabolism, Growth, and Industrial Microbiology

Effect of Inorganic Sulfide on the Growth and Metabolism of Methanosarcinabarkeri Strain DM. DOUGLAS 0. MOUNTFORT* AND RODNEY A. ASHER .... 670

Production of 3-Acetoxyscirpene-4,15-Diol from Anguidine (4,15-Diacetoxyscir-pene-3-ol) by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum. C. A. CLARIDGE* ANDHENRY SCHMITZ ....................................................... 693

Food Microbiology and Toxicology

Survival of Bacteria in Carcasses. C. 0. GILL* AND N. PENNEY.667Salmonella Species Isolated from Animal Feed in Iraq. NASSIR AL-HINDAWI*

AND RIHAB R. TAHA.. 676

Extracellular Proteases of Mucor pusillus. M. R. KHAN,* J. A. BLAIN, AND J. D.E. PATTERSON ......................................................... 719

Secondary Selective Enrichment of Salmonellae from Naturally ContaminatedSpecimens by Using a Selective Motility System. T. I. SMELTZER* AND F.DUNCALFE ............................................................ 725

Lesions of Swine Lymph Nodes as a Diagnostic Test to Determine MycobacterialInfection. JOHN BROWN* AND MARK A. NEUMAN .. ................. 740

Applied Environmental and Public Health Microbiology

Degradation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls by Mixed Microbial Cultures. R. R.CLARK, E. S. K. CHIAN, AND R. A. GRIFFIN* .............. 680

Measurement of the Inactivation Kinetics of Poliovirus by Ozone in a Fast-FlowMixer. E. KATZENELSON, G. KOERNER,* N. BIEDERMANN, M. PELEG, AND H.I. SHUVAL ............................................................ 715

Effect of Environmental Parameters on the Biodegradation of Oil Sludge. J. T.DIBBLE AND R. BARTHA*.729

Magnitude of Pollution Indicator Organisms in Rural Potable Water. SHINGARAS. SANDHU,* WILLIAM J. WARREN, AND PETER NELSON.744

Bacteria Associated with the Surface and Gut of Marine Copepods. M. R. Sochard,D. F. Wilson, B. Austin, and R. R. Colwell*.750

Partial Reactivation of Chlorine-Treated Echovirus. DOROTHY C. YOUNG ANDD. G. SHARP*.766

General Microbial Ecology

Conversion of Biovolume Measurements of Soil Organisms, Grown Under VariousMoisture Tensions, to Biomass and Their Nutrient Content. JOHANNES A.VAN VEEN AND ELDOR A. PAUL*.686

Determinants in Microbial Colonization of the Murine Gastrointestinal Tract: pH,Temperature, and Energy-Yielding Metabolism of Torulopsis pintolopesii.JAMES E. ARTWOHL AND DWAYNE C. SAVAGE*....... 697

CONTENTS

Comparative Study of the Aerobic, Heterotrophic Bacterial Flora of ChesapeakeBay and Tokyo Bay. B. AUSTIN, S. GARGES, B. CONRAD, E. E. HARDING,R. R. COLWELL,* U. SIMIDU, AND N. TAGA ............................... 704

Method for Measuring Rates of NH4' Turnover in Anoxic Marine Sediments, Usinga '5N-NH4' Dilution Technique. T. HENRY BLACKBURN ... .... 760

Evidence by Electron Micrographs for a High Incidence of Bacteriophage Particlesin the Waters of Yaquina Bay, Oregon: Ecological and Taxonomical Implica-tions. FRANCISCO TORRELLA AND RICHARD Y. MORITA* ... .... 774

Polyacrylamide-Entrapped Rhizobium as an Inoculant for Legumes. Y. R. DOM-MERGUES,* HOANG G. DIEM, AND C. DIVIES .......... 779

MethodsDetermination of Lipopolysaccharide by a Bioluminescence Technique. SHIMON

ULITZUR,* BoRRIS YAGEN, AND SHLOMO ROTTEM....... 782Extraction of Glucose Isomerase from Streptomyces flavogriseus. W. P. CHEN, A.

W. ANDERSON, AND Y. W. HAN*....... 785

Volume 37 Contents for May 1979 Number5

Metabolism, Growth, and Industrial MicrobiologyHydrogen Production by the Photosynthetic Bacterium Rhodospirillum

rubrum. HANS ZURRER AND REINHARD BACHOFEN* ....... 789Growth and Polysaccharide Production by Methylocystis parvus OBBP on Meth-

anol. C. T. Hou,* A. I. LASKIN, AND R. N. PATEL ....... 800Phanerochaete chrysosporium fB-Glucosidases: Induction, Cellular Localization,

and Physical Characterization. MARK H. SMITH AND MICHAEL H. GOLD* .. 938Nitrogen Requirement of Iron-Oxidizing Thiobacilli for Acidic Ferric Sulfate Re-

generation. OLLI H. TUOVINEN,* FERN A. PANDA, AND HENRY M. TSUCHIYA 954Microbiological Transformations of Nabilone, a Synthetic Cannabinoid. ROBERT

A. ARCHER,* DAVID S. FUKUDA, AARON D. Kossoy, AND BERNARD J. ABBorr 965Bile Salt 3a- and 12a-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases from Eubacterium lentum

and Related Organisms. IAN A. MACDONALD,* JOANNE F. JELLErr, DAVIDE. MAHONY, AND LILLIAN V. HOLDEMAN....... 992

New Markers for Eubacterium lentum. VICTOR D. BOKKENHEUSER,* JEANETTEWINTER, SYDNEY M. FINEGOLD, VERA L. SUTTER, ALFRED E. RITCHIE, W. E.C. MOORE, AND LILLIAN V. HOLDEMAN.10......10

Toxicity of Parasporal Crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis to the Indian Meal Moth,Plodia interpunctella. JOHN H. SCHESSER AND LEE A. BULLA, JR.*. 1012

Food Microbiology and ToxicologyComparison of EC Broth and Medium A-1 for the Recovery of Escherichia coli

from Frozen Shucked Snow Crab. JAMES C. POWELL,* ANNE R. MOORE, ANDJOHN A. Gow. 836

Production of Higher Alcohols During Indonesian Tape Ketan Fermentation. T.C. CRONK, L. R. MATTICK, K. H. STEINKRAUS,* AND L. R. HACKLER ........ 892

Dichloran-Rose Bengal Medium for Enumeration and Isolation of Molds fromFoods. A. DOUGLAS KING, JR.,* AILSA D. HOCKING, AND JOHN I. PITT ..... 959

Effect of Reducing Agents on Oxidation-Reduction Potential and the Outgrowth ofClostridium botulinum Type E Spores. M. V. SMITH AND M. D. PIERSON* 978

CONTENTS

Effect of Heat Treatment on the Performance of Tryptose-Sulfite-Cycloserine Agarfor Enumeration of Clostridium perfringens. M. H. BRODSKY* AND B. W.CIEBIN ........................ ......... ... ... ..... .... 1038

Genetic Evidence for Plasmid-Linked Lactose Metabolism in Streptococcus lactissubsp. diacetylactis. G. M. KEMPLER AND L. L. McKAY*...... 1041

MycotoxinsIdentification of the Naturally Occurring Isomer of Zearalenol Produced by Fusar-

ium roseum 'Gibbosum' in Rice Culture. W. M. HAGLER, C. J. MIROCHA,* S.V. PATHRE, AND J. C. BEHRENS .......................... 849

Applied Environmental and Public Health MicrobiologyEnrichment of Cadmium-Mediated Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in a Douglas-Fir

(Pseudotsuga menziesii) Litter Microcosm. BRUCE LIGHTHART ... .. 859Evaluation of Microbiological Test Kits for Hydrocarbon Fuel Systems. C. A.

BAILEY AND M. E. MAY* .......................................... 871Comparative Effects of Aroclor 1254 (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) and Phenan-

threne on Glucose Uptake by Freshwater Microbial Populations. G. S. SAY-LER,* L. C. LUND, M. P. SHIARIS, T. W SHERRILL, AND R. E. PERKINS. 878

Microbial Cleavage of Various Organophosphorus Insecticides. ARTHUR ROSEN-BERG AND MARTIN ALEXANDER* ... ........ ... ....... 886

Evidence That Bacteria Can Form New Cells in Airborne Particles. ROBERT L.DIMMICK,* H. WOLOCHOW, AND MARK A. CHATIGNY ...................... 924

Comparison of Limulus Assay, Standard Plate Count, and Total Coliform Countfor Microbiological Assessment of Renovated Wastewater. J. H. JORGENSEN, *J. C. LEE, G. A. ALEXANDER, AND H. W. WOLF ...... .... ..... 928

Repair Detection Procedure for Enumeration of Fecal Coliforms and Enterococcifrom Seafoods and Marine Environments. C. R. HACKNEY, B. RAY,* AND M.L. SPECK ........... 947

Survival of Coxsackievirus B3 Under Diverse Environmental Conditions. MARYLOU McGEADY, JUNE-SANG SIAK, AND RICHARD L. CROWELL*.972

Bacteriological Quality of Runoff Water from Pastureland. J. W. DORAN* AND D.M. LINN ......... ... ..... ....... .. .............. .. 985

Isolation and Characterization of a Bacteriophage Specific for Sphaerotilus natansWhich Contains an Unusual Base in Its Deoxyribonucleic Acid. VERN WIN-STON AND THOMAS L. THOMPSON* .................. ......... 1025

Glutaraldehyde Inactivation of Exotic Animal Viruses in Swine Heart Tissue. H.R. CUNLIFFE,* J. H. BLACKWELL, AND J. S. WALKER ... ........ 1044

General Microbial EcologyHeterotrophic Uptake Experiments with "4C-Labeled Histidine in a Histidine-

Limited Chemostat. ANTONIE B. J. SEPERS* AND FRANK B. VAN Es .. 794Frequency of Dividing Cells, a New Approach to the Determination of Bacterial

Growth Rates in Aquatic Environments. A. HAGSTROM,* U. LARSSON, P.HORSTEDT, AND S. NORMARK ... .............. ... 805

Nitrogen-Fixing (Acetylene Reduction) Activity and Population of Aerobic Heter-otrophic Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria Associated with Wetland Rice. IWAO WA-TANABE,* WILFREDO L. BARRAQUIO, MARCELINO R. DE GUZMAN, AND DELFINA. CABRERA....................... 813

Decomposition of Blue-Green Algal (Cyanobacterial) Blooms in Lake Mendota,Wisconsin. ROBERT D. FALLON AND THOMAS D. BROCK* .... .... .. 820

Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate Flux Through the North Inlet Marsh System. THOMASH. CHRZANOWSKI,* L. HAROLD STEVENSON, AND BJORN KJERFVE .. 841

CONTENTS

Population Densities of Rhizobium japonicum Strain 123 Estimated Directly inSoil and Rhizospheres. V. G. REYES AND E. L. SCHMIDT* ..... ............ 854

Transfer of R Factors to and Between Genetically Marked Sublines of Rhizobiumjaponicum. L. D. KUYKENDALL ........................................ 862

Multiple Antibiotic Resistance in Rhizobiumjaponicum. MICHAEL A. COLE* ANDGERALD H. ELKAN ..................................................... 867

Measurement of Proteolysis in Natural Waters. JACK E. LITTLE,* ROBERT E.SJOGREN, AND GERALD R. CARSON ........ .............................. 900

Cyclitol Utilization Associated with the Presence of Klebsielleae in BotanicalEnvironments. HENRY W. TALBOT, JR., AND RAMON J. SEIDLER* ......... 909

Cytochrome Involvement in Mn(II) Oxidation by Two Marine Bacteria. EDWARDJ. ARCURI AND HENRY L. EHRLICH* ........ ............................. 916

Microbial Metabolism of Carbon Monoxide in Culture and in Soil. GENE W.BARTHOLOMEW AND MARTIN ALEXANDER* ......... ..................... 932

Effect of Bacteria and Amoebae on Rhizosphere Phosphatase Activity. W. DOUG-LAS GOULD,* DAVID C. COLEMAN, AND AMY J. RUBINK ................... 943

High Numbers of Prosthecate Bacteria in Pulp Mill Waste AerationLagoons. PATRICIA M. STANLEY,* ERLING J. ORDAL, AND JAMES T. STALEY 1007

Plant Growth Substances Produced by Azospirillum brasilense and Their Effecton the Growth of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum americanum L.). T.-M. TIEN,*M. H. GASKINS, AND D. H. HUBBELL .................................... 1016

Attachment to Autoclaved Soil of Bacterial Cells from Pure Cultures of SoilIsolates. D. L. BALKWILL AND L. E. CASIDA, JR.* ........................ 1031

MethodsPreservation of Spores of Vesicular-Arbuscular Endophytes by L-Drying. INEZ C.

TOMMERUP* AND DENIS K. KIDBY .................................... 831Measuring Radioactive Methane withthe Liquid Scintillation Counter. ALEXANDER

J. B. ZEHNDER, BEAT HUSER, AND THOMAS D. BROCK* ................... 897

Volume 37 Contents for June 1979 Number 6

Metabolism, Growth, and Industrial MicrobiologyEnergetics of Microbacterium thermosphactum in Glucose-Limited Continuous

Culture. BEVERLEY J. HITCHENER, AUBREY F. EGAN,* AND P. J. ROGERS.. 1047Production of L-Serine by Sarcina albida. MASAHIRO EMA, TOSHIo KAKIMOTO,*

AND ICHIRO CHIBATA.1053L-Glutamine Formation by Flavobacterium rigense. SHIGEKI YAMADA,* KOICHI

NABE, TOSHIHIKO UJIMARU, NOBUHIKO IZUO, AND ICHIRO CHIBATA..1063Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Rhizopus javanicus. T. YONEYA* AND Y. SATO .. 1073Macromolecular Composition of a Cellulomonas sp. Cultivated in Continuous

Culture Under Glucose and Zinc Limitation. R. J. SUMMERS AND V. R.SRINIVASAN*.1079

Extracellular Maltase of Bacillus brevis. S. J. MCWETHY AND PAUL A. HARTMAN* 1096Chitin-Binding Hemagglutinin Produced by Conidiobolus Strains. FUMIYASU ISH-

IKAWA,* KUNIO OISHI, AND KO AIDA.1110Bacterial Formation of w-Muricholic Acid in Rats. E. C. SACQUET,* P. M. RAI-

BAUD, C. MEJEAN, M. J. RIOTTOT, C. LEPRINCE, AND P. C. LEGLISE.1127

CONTENTS

Redox Potential-Dependent Nitrite Metabolism by Salmonella typhimurium.GREGORY V. PAGE AND MYRON SOLBERG*.1152

Na+, K+, and Nonspecific Solute Requirements for Induction and Function ofGalactose Active Transport in an Antarctic Psychrophilic Marine Bacterium.STEVEN S. HAYASAKA AND RICHARD Y. MORITA*... 1166

New Prodigiosin-Like Pigment from Alteromonas rubra. NANCY N. GERBER*AND M. J. GAUTHIER.1176

Nutritional Studies on Xanthan Production by Xanthomonas campestris NRRLB1459. PETER Souw AND ARNOLD L. DEMAIN*.1186

Oxaloacetate Synthesis in Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. N. 0. VAN GYLSWYK. 1245

Food Microbiology and Toxicology

Pasteurization ofSalted Whole Egg Inoculated withArizona orSalmonella. HENRYNG,* JOHN A. GARIBALDI, KOSUKE IJICHI, AND KEIKO L. MIHARA.1091

Sodium Nitrite and Sorbic Acid Effects on Clostridium botulinum Spore Germi-nation and Total Microbial Growth in Chicken Frankfurter Emulsions DuringTemperature Abuse. J. N. SOFOS, F. F. BUSTA,* AND C. E. ALLEN.1103

Mutagenic Activity of Fusarium moniliforme Isolates in the Salmonella typhimu-rium Assay. L. F. BJELDANES* AND S. V. THOMSON.1118

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Clostridium botulinumType E Toxin. S. NOTERMANS,* J. DUFRENNE, AND S. KOZAKI.1173

Heat Inactivation of Catalase from Staphylococcus aureus MF-31. GAIL P. AN-DREWS AND SCOTT E. MARTIN*.1180

Plasmid Profiles of Lactose-Negative and Proteinase-Deficient Mutants of Strep-tococcus lactis CIO, ML3, and M18. STEVE A. KUHL, L. D. LARSEN, ANDL. L. McKAY*.1193

Raffinose Increases Sporulation and Enterotoxin Production by Clostridium per-fringens Type A. RONALD G. LABBE* AND DAVID K. REY.1196

Production of Lactase by Candida pseudotropicalis Grown in Whey. SONIA A.DE BALES AND FRANCISCO J. CASTILLO* ....... ......................1201

Effects of pH of the Medium on Flagellation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.KAZUYUKI KIMURA,* SHIGEKO TATEIRI, AND HIROO IIDA.. 1248

MycotoxinsResolution of Penicillium roqueforti Toxin and Eremofortins A, B, and C by High-

Performance Liquid Chromatography S. MOREAU,* A. MASSET, AND J. BI-GUET.1059

Applied Environmental and Public Health MicrobiologyComparison of the Efficacy of Steam Sterilization Indicators. CHERL-HO LEE,

THOMAS J. MONTVILLE, AND ANTHONY J. SINSKEY* ...................... 1113

Noninvolvement of Beauvericin in the Entomopathogenicity of Beauveria bas-siana. F. R. CHAMPLIN AND E. A. GRULA* .............................. 1122

Growth of Candida ingens on Supernatant from Anaerobically Fermented PigWaste: Effects of Temperature and pH. D. P. HENRY* AND RUTH H. THOM-SON ........................... ..... .. ... 1132

Effect of Ultraviolet-B (280 to 320 nm) Radiation on Blue-Green Algae (Cyanobac-teria), Possible Biological Indicators of Stratospheric Ozone Depletion. J. W.NEWTON,* D. D. TYLER, AND M. E. SLODKI.1137

Effect of Concentration of Organic Chemicals on Their Biodegradation by NaturalMicrobial Communities. ROBERT S. BOETHLING AND MARTIN ALEXANDER* 1211

CONTENTS

Isolation of Legionella pneumophila from Nonepidemic-Related Aquatic Habi-tats. C. B. FLIERMANS,* W. B. CHERRY, L. H. ORRISON, AND L. THACKER 1239

General Microbial EcologyMeasurement of Denitrification in Two Freshwater Sediments by an In Situ

Acetylene Inhibition Method. YIu-KWOK CHAN AND ROGER KNOWLES* ... 1067Microbial Activity in Organic Soils as Affected by Soil Depth and Crop. ROBERT

L. TATE III.... 1085Comparison of Bacterial Populations of the Pig Cecum and Colon Based upon

Enumeration with Specific Energy Sources. MILTON J. ALLISON,* I. M.ROBINSON, J. A. BUCKLIN, AND G. D. BOOTH...... 1142

Propagation of Ribonucleic Acid Coliphages in Gnotobiotic Mice. A. ANDO, K.FURUSE,* AND I. WATANABE .............. 1157

Cross-Feeding of Lactate Between Streptococcus lactis and Bacteroides sp. Isolatedfrom Termite Hindguts. J. E. SCHULTZ AND JOHN A. BREZNAK* .. 1206

The Rumen Ciliate Epidinium in Primary Degradation of Plant Tissues. T.BAUCHOP .............. ....... 1217

Colonization of a Portion of the Bovine Tongue by Unusual Filamentous Bacte-ria. R. P. MCCOWAN, K. H. CHENG,* AND J. W. COSTERTON ...... 1224

Seasonal and Geographic Distribution of Luminous Bacteria in the Eastern Medi-terranean Sea and the Gulf of Elat. T. YETINSON AND M. SHILO* .. 1230

Modified Fluorescent Technique, Using Rhodamine, for Studies of Rhizobiumjaponicum-Soybean Symbiosis. T. A. HUGHES, J. G. LECCE, AND G. H.ELKAN*.......... 1243