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APPLICATIONS OF REMOTE SENSING
Presented to: Bushra Khalid
Lecturer
Department of Environmental Sciences
International Islamic University, Islamabad
PRESENTED BY:
•AYESHA SYED•MARYUM MUSHTAQ •MIDHAT JAMAL •TAYYABA SANA
REMOTE SENSING
Remote sensing uses various instruments to obtain information about an object
Remote-sensing systems provide a repetitive and consistent view of Earth
URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS
Traffic monitoring and management
Highway designing
Solid waste managem-ent
Waste water manage-ment
Urban growth & land cover
Estimating energy demand
Air pollution studies
Forestry
Meteorology
Flood disaster management
TRAFFIC MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT
Transportation is the flow of people and goods between geographically separated locations.
Airborne and satellite platforms offer the potential:
to obtain wide spatial coverage to monitor regional spatial transportation flow
conditions
TRACKING FOUR MOVING VEHICLES
APPLICATIONS IN HIGHWAY DESIGNING
Road designing depends on various factors: socio-economic criteria, demographic analysis, landuse / landcover pattern, topography, etc. location of a line is the most important criteria in
terms of Geo-referenced Physiographic configuration
Geoinformation provide vital information regarding;• vulnerable land units for geotechnical adjustment •social adaptations along the Highway route
APPLICATION IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Remote sensing data can help in; Identification of garbage dumping sites Monitoring the changes in land use Taking immediate action for sanitation
and maintenance of hotspots Allowing municipal authorities to
manage the waste especially in hotspots.
APPLICATION IN WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT Automated mapping can facilitate to manage
the right ways for waste water pipelines. Remote Sensing can help; to produce reliable and efficient land cover
maps to build a waste treatment plant at a best suitable location.
to compute and map incidence for epidemiologists
to study the temporal and spatial distributions of disease or arthropod vectors.
to calculate social, urban, or demographic parameters relevant to epidemiologic studies
APPLICATION IN URBAN GROWTH MONITORING AND LAND COVER The use of remote sensing for demographic studies allows urban growth monitoring, in qualitative and quantitative terms, at low cost and with regular updating.
Remote sensing technique is very useful in identification, classification and mapping of the land use units like:
Forest, Cultivated Land, Cropped Land, Plantation, Fallow Land,
Grazing or Range Land, Waste Land,Rocky waste, Gullied Land, Water bodies (Rivers, Lake/Ponds)
APPLICATION IN URBAN GROWTH MONITORING AND LAND COVER
APPLICATION IN ESTIMATING ENERGY DEMAND
Remote sensing help; To estimate the utilization rate of
various form energy To estimate solar photovoltaic energy
potential To find out if renewable energy
recourses are preferable for the particular site in a city
APPLICATION IN AIR POLLUTION STUDIES Remote sensing help to carry out atmospheric
studies; air pollutant measurements, pollutant dispersion modelling; air quality assessment, particulate matter concentrations aerosol optical thickness (AOT); tropospheric
ozone concentration as well as stratospheric ozone layer depletion
Satellites, through its unique synoptic spatial capabilities, could contribute to the comparison of urban air quality information at regional, continental and international levels.
APPLICATIONS IN FORESTRY Geospatial technology aids foresters in
the acquisition of the data that is necessary to further research, manage, and recover present and future conditions of the global forests.
SATELLITE VIEW OF PIKE NATIONAL FOREST, COLORADO
SATELLITE VIEW OF COPPER MOUNTAIN SKI RESORT, COLORADO
APPLICATION IN METEOROLOGY
Remote sensing can help to monitor weather parameter through sophisticated air borne and ground based systems.
The remote sensing imagery is used to monitor;
moisture in the atmosphere, cloud cover, wind patterns, temperature, cyclonic activity in the oceans, ocean currents, flood disaster monitoring etc.
APPLICATION IN METEOROLOGY
APPLICATION IN METEOROLOGY
APPLICATIONS IN FLOOD DISASTER MONITORING Remote sensing is helping the floodplain
managers to create accurate and current floodplain maps
Floodplain maps are the key to better floodplain management.
APPLICATIONS IN FLOOD DISASTER MONITORING
Infrared aerial photographs showing flooding and its after effects (a) scale 1:9000 (b) june 30th
(c) july 22nd (d) august 11th
SATELLITES FOR URBAN AND REGIONAL
PLANNING Navstar satellites (Navigation
Satellite) Meteosat (Weather Satellite) Cospas-Sarsat (Search and Rescue
Satellite) Radarsat
WETLAND MAPPING
WETLAND Wetlands contribute to a healthy
environment
IMPORTANCE: water regulators feeding, breeding, drinking areas for wildlife stopping place and refuge for
waterfowl species diversity recreation tourism purposes
FOUR PRINCIPAL AGENCIES INVOLVED
WITH WETLAND At federal level in United States, four
principal agencies are involved with wetland identification and delineation:
Environmental Protection Agency(Concern with water quality)
Army Corps of Engineers(Concern with navigable water issues related to wetlands)
Natural Resources Conservation Service(Concern with Identifying and mapping wetlands)
Fish and Wildlife Service(concern with use of wetlands for wildlife habitat)
WETLANDS IMAGE INTERPRETATION
Color infrared photography: Preferred film type for wetlands
image interpretation. Provides interpreters with a high
level of contrast in image tone and color between
wetland and non-wetland environments,
moist soil spectral reflectance patterns contrast more distinctively with less moist soils on color infrared film
WETLANDS IMAGE INTERPRETATION
Other multiband image types can also be used, but should include at least one visible band and one near infrared band.
Useful for wetland boundary extraction/delineation
Useful for wetland vegetation & open water features
Useful for qualitative turbidity delineation
Various combinations of spectral bands used to
identify wetland components
WETLAND INVENTORY: At federal level, U.S Fish and
Wildlife Service is responsible for a National Wetland Inventory (NWI) that provides current geospatially referenced information on:
Status Extent Characteristics functions of wetland and related
aquatic habitats
NATIONAL WETLAND INVENTORY PURPOSE
To promote the understanding and conservation of wetland,
riparian, deepwater, and related aquatic habitats
NATIONAL WETLAND INVENTORY GOALS
1. Strategic updating of maps in areas of United States
2. Analyzing changes and trends to wetlands and other aquatic habitats
3. Analyzing and disseminating resource information to improve identification of threats and risks to important wetlands and aquatic habitats
Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge
Niger River in Mali
Fortescue Marshes in Western Australia
SATELLITES FOR WETLAND MAPPING
IKONOS LiDAR
WILDLIFE ECOLOGY APPLICATIONS
WILDLIFE ECOLOGY APPLICATIONS
Wildlife Wildlife refers to animals that live in:
wild, undomesticated state.
WILDLIFE ECOLOGY
It is concerned with the interactions between wildlife and their environment
Two aspects of wildlife ecology for which visual image interpretation can provide useful information are;
Wildlife habitat mapping Wildlife censusing
WILDLIFE HABITAT Image interpretation techniques
for:• mapping land cover,• soils, • forests, • Wetlands• water resources are applicable to wildlife habitat
analysis
WILDLIFE CENSUSING
Aerial visual observations involve attempting to count the number of individuals of a species
Vertical aerial photography has been the best method of accurately censusing wildlife populations
WILDLIFE CENSUSING Aerial photographs provide a
permanent record Prolonged study of photographs
may reveal information that could not have been otherwise understood
Transparent grid overlays are often used for counting individual animals on aerial images, when large numbers are present.
Large group of snow geese on water (scale 1:1000)
large group of beluga whales northern Canada (a)1:2400 (b) 1:800
ANY QUERIES?