Applications of Applications of MirrorsMirrors

Katie HannaKatie Hanna

HistoryHistory

First MirrorsFirst Mirrors

The first known mirrors were recovered The first known mirrors were recovered from graves in Anatolia modern Turkey. from graves in Anatolia modern Turkey. The cemetery was dated approximately The cemetery was dated approximately 6000 to 5900 BC.6000 to 5900 BC.

These mirrors were made from ground These mirrors were made from ground and polished obsidian (a volcanic glass) and polished obsidian (a volcanic glass) and had a round reflective surface. They and had a round reflective surface. They were slightly convex, highly polished, and were slightly convex, highly polished, and approximately 9 cm in diameter. approximately 9 cm in diameter.

First MirrorsFirst Mirrors

Lilyquist, C. Woman in an Antolian Mirror. N.d. Optometry and Vision Science.      Web. 10 Mar. 2011. <http://journals.lww.com/optvissci/Fulltext/2006/      10000/History_of_Mirrors_Dating_Back_8000_Years_.17.aspx>.

Egyptian MirrorsEgyptian Mirrors

The Egyptians used mirrors around 4500 BC. The Egyptians used mirrors around 4500 BC. These mirrors were wetted ground stone These mirrors were wetted ground stone

palettes. They could make good images but palettes. They could make good images but the water evaporated very rapidly from their the water evaporated very rapidly from their surfaces.surfaces.

From approximately 4000 to 3000 BC, small From approximately 4000 to 3000 BC, small copper disc mirrors were recovered in the copper disc mirrors were recovered in the Tigris-Euphrates Valley in Southern Tigris-Euphrates Valley in Southern Mesopotamia, now Iraq. From then on, Mesopotamia, now Iraq. From then on, records of mirror use appeared within records of mirror use appeared within sculptures, carvings, texts, and as actual sculptures, carvings, texts, and as actual mirrors.mirrors.

Egyptian MirrorsEgyptian Mirrors

Bronze Mirror. N.d. Optometry and Vision Science. Web. 8 Mar. 2011.      <http://journals.lww.com/optvissci/Fulltext/2006/10000/      History_of_Mirrors_Dating_Back_8000_Years_.17.aspx>.

Mirror from 600 BC. N.d. Optometry and Vision Science. American Academy of      Optometry, n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2011. < http://journals.lww.com/optvissci/      Fulltext/2006/10000/History_of_Mirrors_Dating_Back_8000_Year

s_.17.aspx>.

Mirrors in ChinaMirrors in China

In China mirrors were first located around In China mirrors were first located around 2000 BC. 2000 BC.

Early Chinese mirrors ranged from 6 to Early Chinese mirrors ranged from 6 to 12 cm in diameter, were not ornate, and 12 cm in diameter, were not ornate, and had a centered pierced knob used to hold had a centered pierced knob used to hold the mirror on the back surface. the mirror on the back surface.

The mirrors were generally thin, and The mirrors were generally thin, and raised ridges included in patterns on their raised ridges included in patterns on their rear surfaces possibly provided some rear surfaces possibly provided some rigidity. Copper alloys or bronze were rigidity. Copper alloys or bronze were used early, and handles appeared later.used early, and handles appeared later.

Mirrors in ChinaMirrors in China

Earliest Chinese Mirror. N.d. Optometry and Vision Science. American Academy of      Optometry, n.d. Web. 9 Mar. 2011. <http://journals.lww.com/optvissci/      Fulltext/2006/10000/History_of_Mirrors_Dating_Back_8000_Years_.17.aspx>.

South/Central American South/Central American MirrorsMirrors

Mirrors were found in South America from 1925 Mirrors were found in South America from 1925 BC onward. BC onward.

In Mexico, they were made by the Olmec, In Mexico, they were made by the Olmec, Mayan, and Teotihuacan peoples. Mayan, and Teotihuacan peoples.

The La Tolita people (600-300 BC) of Columbia The La Tolita people (600-300 BC) of Columbia and Ecuador refined techniques for working and Ecuador refined techniques for working gold and polishing precious stones. gold and polishing precious stones.

In Peru, the Chavin culture (900/800-200 BC), In Peru, the Chavin culture (900/800-200 BC), developed polished anthracite mirrors. developed polished anthracite mirrors.

The Moche culture (200 BC-600 AD),had copper-The Moche culture (200 BC-600 AD),had copper-framed mirror-holders and rock crystal lenses.framed mirror-holders and rock crystal lenses.

Modern Day UsesModern Day Uses

Plane MirrorsPlane Mirrors

Used for Used for domestic domestic purposes such purposes such as as bathroom bathroom mirrors mirrors or dressing or dressing mirrors.mirrors.

Hall of Mirrors at Versailles

Convex MirrorsConvex Mirrors

Used for reflecting telescopes....Used for reflecting telescopes....

Telescope. N.d. Best Letest. Web. 8 Mar. 2011. <http://www.bestletest.com/

     tags/telescopes>.

Convex MirrorsConvex Mirrors Fixed around road bends....Fixed around road bends....

Fish-eye Convex Mirror. N.d. eHow. Demand Media, Inc, n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2011.      <http://www.ehow.com/how_7652778_install-fish-eye-convex-mirrors.html>.

Convex MirrorsConvex Mirrors And placed behind headlights on And placed behind headlights on

cars.cars.

Car headlamps. 10 Apr. 2010. Picasa Web Albums. Google, n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2011.

     <http://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/nvEiupyMzH6ztT6bRecDAw>.

Concave MirrorsConcave Mirrors

Used for Make-up and Shaving Used for Make-up and Shaving mirrors....mirrors....

Double Magnifying Mirror Compact . N.d. Generally Awesome. GenerallyAwesome.com,      n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2011. <http://www.generallyawesome.com/store/      gift-ideas/stocking-stuffers-under-20>.

Concave MirrorsConcave Mirrors

And in reflecting telescopes.And in reflecting telescopes.

Reflecting Telescopes. N.d. Reflecting Telescopes. University of Oregon, n.d. Web. 7 Mar. 2011.

<http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/glossary/ reflecting_telescope.html>.

Works CitedWorks Cited Angelo, Joseph A., Jr. "Illumination from Space.“ Angelo, Joseph A., Jr. "Illumination from Space.“ Science OnlineScience Online. Facts on . Facts on

File, Inc., n.d. Web. 10 File, Inc., n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2011. <http://www.fofweb.com/Science/Mar. 2011. <http://www.fofweb.com/Science/default.asp?ItemID=WE40>. default.asp?ItemID=WE40>.

Barnbaum, Cecilia. "Hubble Space Barnbaum, Cecilia. "Hubble Space Telescope." Telescope." World Book AdvancedWorld Book Advanced. . World World Book, 2011. Web.  10 Mar. 2011. Book, 2011. Web.  10 Mar. 2011. http://www.worldbookonline.com/advahttp://www.worldbookonline.com/adva nced/article?nced/article?id=ar265630&st=mirrorsid=ar265630&st=mirrors

Enoch, Jay M. "History of Mirrors Dating Back Enoch, Jay M. "History of Mirrors Dating Back 8000 Years." 8000 Years." Optometry Optometry and Vision Scienceand Vision Science. . American Academy of Optometry, 11 July American Academy of Optometry, 11 July 2006. Web. 2006. Web. 10 Mar. 2011. 10 Mar. 2011. <http://journals.lww.com/optvissci/Fulltext/<http://journals.lww.com/optvissci/Fulltext/2006/10000/History_of_Mirrors_Dating_Back_2006/10000/History_of_Mirrors_Dating_Back_ 8000_Years_.17.aspx>.8000_Years_.17.aspx>.

Faber, Sandra M. "Mirror." Faber, Sandra M. "Mirror." World Book AdvancedWorld Book Advanced. . World Book, 2011. World Book, 2011. Web. 10 Mar. 2011. Web. 10 Mar. 2011. <http://www.worldbookonline.com/advanced<http://www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/article?id=ar364400&st=mirrors>. /article?id=ar364400&st=mirrors>.

Hennessey, William J. "Versailles, Palace of." Hennessey, William J. "Versailles, Palace of." World World Book AdvancedBook Advanced. . World Book, 2011. Web. 10 Mar. World Book, 2011. Web. 10 Mar. 2011. 2011. http://www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/ahttp://www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/a rticle?rticle?id=ar583770&st=mirrorsid=ar583770&st=mirrors

Works Cited (continued)Works Cited (continued) Kirkland, Kyle, and Sean M. Grady. “Mirrors and Kirkland, Kyle, and Sean M. Grady. “Mirrors and Lenses in Optics." Lenses in Optics." Science Science

OnlineOnline. Facts On File, . Facts On File, Inc. Web. 10 Mar. 2011. Inc. Web. 10 Mar. 2011. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemIhttp://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE40&SID=5&iPin=STIFO0005&SingleD=WE40&SID=5&iPin=STIFO0005&Single Record=TrueRecord=True

Klein, Ronald. "Ophthalmoscope." Klein, Ronald. "Ophthalmoscope." World Book World Book AdvancedAdvanced. World Book, 2011. . World Book, 2011. Web.  20 Mar. Web.  20 Mar. 2011. 2011. http://www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/ahttp://www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/a rticle?rticle?id=ar403940&st=mirrorsid=ar403940&st=mirrors

Schmittberger, R. Wayne. "Kaleidoscope." Schmittberger, R. Wayne. "Kaleidoscope." World Book AdvancedWorld Book Advanced. World . World Book, 2011. Book, 2011. Web.  20 Mar. 2011. Web.  20 Mar. 2011. http://www.worldbookonline.com/advahttp://www.worldbookonline.com/adva

nced/article?id=ar294140&st=mirrorsnced/article?id=ar294140&st=mirrors "Study: Spookfish Uses Mirrors for Eyes." "Study: Spookfish Uses Mirrors for Eyes." Science Science OnlineOnline. Facts On File, . Facts On File,

Inc. Web. 10 Mar. 2011. Inc. Web. 10 Mar. 2011. <http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?Ite<http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE40&SID=5&iPin=UPI-20090108-mID=WE40&SID=5&iPin=UPI-20090108- 16335200&SingleRecord=True>. 16335200&SingleRecord=True>.

"Uses of Mirrors." "Uses of Mirrors." Light; Unfold the Mystery of LightLight; Unfold the Mystery of Light. . N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2011. 2011. <http://library.thinkquest.org/C001377/uses<http://library.thinkquest.org/C001377/uses mirror.htm>.mirror.htm>.

Zitzewitz, Paul W. Zitzewitz, Paul W. Physics Principles and ProblemsPhysics Principles and Problems. New . New York: Glencoe, 2002. York: Glencoe, 2002. Print. Print.