Applications of Bituminous Emulsions in Road Construction

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Applications ofBituminous Emulsions in

Road Construction


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CONTENTS

Definition Why is Emulsions used? Types of Emulsions.

Commercial types.Properties.Standard Tests.

Uses.Popular Commercial Brands.Conclusion.


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What is Bitumen Emulsion?

Bitumen Emulsion is liquid product in which a substantial amount of bitumen issuspended in a finely divided condition inan aqueous medium and stabilized bymeans of one or more suitable materials.


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Why emulsions is used?

As the it can flow in atmospherictemperature.Can also be used in wet road condition.No heating is required neither for emulsionnor pre-heating of aggregate.

Ideal for patch and repair work.Useful for sealing cracks since they can

penetrate fine cracks.


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Where is Bituminous Emulsionused?

Where there is lack of heating facilities inremote areas.

When addition of volatile solvents whenadded to binders suffered the disadvantagethat they have to be used only for drysurfaces.


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Main function of Emulsion

Forming the protective coating around theglobules of binder resisting the coalescenceof the globules.


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Types of Emulsifiers

Anionic EmulsifiersCationic Emulsifiers

Non- ionic EmulsifiersColloidal Emulsifiers


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Anionic Emulsions

Negatively charged bitumen Are normally derived from mineral, vegetables or wood sources saponified withsodium or potassium hydroxide.

Are covered under IS:3117-1965


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Anionic Emulsifiers

Na-

Na-

Na-

Na-

Na-

Na-

Bitumen Globule

Sodium Sterate

(Soap Solution)

CH3(CH2)16COO


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Cationic Emulsion

Positively charged bitumen emulsion Are amines salts made by reactingHydrochloric acid or acetic acid with anorganic amine or diamine.

Are covered under IS :8887-1978


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Cationic EmulsifiersBr+

Br+

Br+

Br+Br+

Br+

Bitumen Globule

Ammonium Bromite

C16H33(CH3)3NBr


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Commercial Types of Emulsionsas per IS:8887

Slow-SetMedium-SetRapid-SetRelated to viscosity and hardness of base


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Slow Set Grade Emulsion

When we have a dense graded mix in whichfine aggregates are used, the surface area isso large that we require more time to mixthe fine aggregates with bitumen emulsionand hence slow setting emulsions, whichgives that time before breaking, is the right

one.


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Medium Set grade

When we are making use of open graded mixthis medium set grade is made use of.


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Rapid set grade

For surface dressing work when you wantimmediate application of cover chips.


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Related to viscosity and hardness ofbase


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Properties of Emulsions

Residue on SievingStability of Mixing with Coarse Graded

AggregateStability to mixing with Cement

Water Cement

Sedimentation Viscosity


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Test for Bituminous Emulsions

Water content test Viscosity of emulsion

Stability on storage


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Desirable values as per IRC

Residue on Sieving Should be seen that notmore than 0.25% by

weight of emulsion

consists of particles>0.15mm dia

Viscosity of Emulsion Available with 5-20deg

Engler. But max of 9degis recommended forspraying.


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Desirable values as per IRC

Coagulation on Storage Not more than 0.1gm ofresidue per 100ml ofEmulsion after seven

days

Long period StorageStability

The difference in watercontent after threemonths of storage shouldnot be more than 2%.


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Uses of Emulsions

Road construction ,maintenance and patchrepair works.Soil stabilization of sands in desert areas.

When the aggregates are wet.Can be used when the weather is cold.Eliminate the need of heat the aggregateand binder and thus conservative energy.Eliminates environmental pollution.


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Amount of Bitumen Emulsions usedin some countries


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Commercial Emulsion


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Conclusions

Cold mixes are equally good as hot mixes;they have same structural strength as hot

mixes. In fact they are more stable then hotmixes in higher defection areas because theyare more flexible than a hot mixes. Reducing

pollution, saving energy are the addedadvantages with cold mixes.


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Thank You

Documents

Applications of Bituminous Emulsions in Road Construction