Application of Penalties

7/25/2019 Application of Penalties

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INDETERMINATE SENTENCE LAW

HOW TO APPLY:

Step 1: Determine the crime committed and the penalty imposable.

Example: Jan and Pedro !arreled. "n the process# Jan $illed Pedro. The$illin% constittes the crime o& Homicide. The penalty imposable &or said crime is

reclsion temporal.

Step 2:'ix the proper de%ree.

( Determine i& the pro)isions o& Art. *+,-# */# *0 are applicable. Lo1er the

penalty by de%ree or de%rees.

o Article 64(5):"& there are t1o or more miti%atin% circmstances and

2O a%%ra)atin% circmstance# the penalty imposable is O2E DE34EE

LOWE4.

o Article 68:o)er 0 bt nder 5- years old 6 TWO DE34EE7 LOWE48 5-

to belo1 5/ 6 O2E DE34EE LOWE4. ,Old La1

o Article 68:5- years old belo1 6 exempted# TWO DE34EE7 LOWE48

o)er 5- years old bt belo1 5/ 6 exempted nless acted 1ith

discernment# O2E DE34EE LOWE4. ,4A 09++

o Article 69: "ncomplete sel& de&ense.

o ELEMENTS O COM!LETE SEL DEENSE:

5. nla1&l a%%ression on the part o& the )ictim or deceased.

;. 4easonable necessity o& the means employed by the accsed to

repel or replse the a%%ression.

9. Lac$ o& s


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The penalty imposable &or Homicide is 4eclsion Temporal. "n >xin% the minimm#

lo1er the penalty by one de%ree &rom the penalty imposable or proper de%ree as

the case maybe. "n the instant case# step no. ; 1hich is the lo1erin% by de%ree?s is

not applicable. There&ore# lo1er the penalty by one de%ree &rom the penalty

imposable to the o@ense o& homicide 1hich is 4eclsion Temporal. One de%ree is

Prision ayor. Ths# the minimm o& the indeterminate sentence is Prision ayor inany o& its period.

2ote: "t is 1ithin the discretion o& the Bd%e to >x the minimm in any o& the three

periods.

Step 4:'ix theM&'i$%$

'rom the minimm penalty o& Prision ayor %o p one de%ree hi%her and loo$ &or

the remainin% miti%atin% and a%%ra)atin% circmstances i& there are any. One

de%ree hi%her &rom Prision ayor is 4eclsion Temporal. There bein% no miti%atin%

or a%%ra)atin% circmstances# the maximm o& the indeterminate sentence is

4eclsion Temporal in its medim period.

The ran%e o& indeterminate sentence is Prision ayor in any o& its period as

minimm to 4eclsion Temporal in its medim period as the maximm.

;. Homicide in 1hich #e Miti&ti#circmstance attended its commission.

A and C !arreled. "n the process# A $illed C. When the police came# A )olntarily

srrendered.

Determine the indeterminate sentence to be imposed on A.

Ans1er: The penalty &or homicide is 4eclsion Temporal. 7ince 1e cannot apply step

no. ; ,lo1erin% by de%ree?s it appearin% that Art. *+ par. -# art. */ and art. *0 are

not applicable# 1e can no1 >x the minimm by lo1erin% the penalty by one de%ree

&rom 4eclsion temporal. One de%ree lo1er is Prision ayor.

T*e $i#i$%$ i+ !ri+i# M&,r i# , - it+ peri./

"n >xin% the maximm %o p one de%ree hi%her &rom Prision ayor or %o bac$ to

the penalty 1here yo immediately came &rom be&ore Prision ayor 1hich is

4eclsion Temporal. "n the instant case# there is one miti%atin% circmstance 1hich

is )olntary srrender. There bein% one miti%atin% circmstance and no a%%ra)atin%

circmstance# t*e prper peri. - t*e $&'i$%$ i+ Recl%+i# Te$pr&l i#

it+ $i#i$%$ peri./

The ran%e o& indeterminate sentence is !ri+i# M&,rin any o& its period as

$i#i$%$to Recl%+i# Te$pr&l minimum&+ $&'i$%$/

9. Homicide in 1hich &r&0&ti#circmstance attended its commission.


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A and C !arrelled. "n the process A $illed C. A too$ ad)anta%e o& ni%httime to

&acilitate the commission o& the o@ense.

Determine the indeterminate sentence to be imposed pon A.

Ans1er: 2i%ht time is only an ordinary a%%ra)atin% circmstance. "t is not a

!ali&yin% a%%ra)atin circmstance hence it cannot raise the cate%ory o& the o@ense

to mrder. The o@ense is there&ore homicide. The penalty &or homicide is 4eclsion

temporal. 7ince 1e cannot apply step nmber ; ,lo1erin% by de%ree?s it appearin%

that Art. *+ par. -# art. */ and art. *0 are not applicable# 1e can no1 >x the

minimm by lo1erin% the penalty by one de%ree &rom 4eclsion temporal. One

de%ree lo1er is Prision ayor.

T*e $i#i$%$ i+ !ri+i# M&,r i# , - it+ peri./

"n >xin% the maximm %o p one de%ree hi%her &rom Prision ayor or %o bac$ to

the penalty 1here yo immediately came &rom be&ore Prision ayor 1hich is

4eclsion Temporal. "n the instant case# there is one a%%ra)atin% circmstance

1hich is ni%httime. There bein% one a%%ra)atin% circmstance and no miti%atin%

circmstance# t*e prper peri. - t*e $&'i$%$ i+ Recl%+i# Te$pr&l i#

it+ $&'i$%$ peri./

The ran%e o& indeterminate sentence is !ri+i# M&,rin any o& its period as

$i#i$%$to Recl%+i# Te$pr&l maximum &+ $&'i$%$/

APPL"AT"O2:

-. Homicide in 1hich three ,9 miti%atin% circmstances attended its commission.

Example: A and C !arreled. "n the process# A $illed C. A&ter the $illin% A )olntarily

srrendered to the police. A 1as able to pro)e lac$ o& intent to commit so %ra)e a

1ron% and passion and ob&scation. Determine the indeterminate sentence to be

imposed pon A.

Ans1er: A committed the crime o& homicide pnishable by reclsion temporal. The

o@ense is attended by miti%atin% circmstances. There bein% three ,9 miti%atin%

circmstances and no a%%ra)atin% circmstance. A is entitled to a penalty o& one

de%ree lo1er &rom reclsion temporal. One de%ree is prision mayor. 'rom the proper

de%ree# lo1er the penalty to %et the minimm penalty. One de%ree lo1er &rom

prision mayor is prision correctional in any o& its period. "n >xin% the maximm

period %o one de%ree hi%her &rom prision correctional and that is prision mayor.

Loo$ &or the remainin% miti%atin% circmstances. Ths# 1hen >xin% the maximm

there remains a miti%atin% circmstance considerin% that the other t1o miti%atin%

1as sed to lo1er do1n the maximm penalty to prision mayor. Which ma$es the

maximm period o& prision mayor in its minimm period.


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*. Homicide in 1hich three ,9 miti%atin% circmstances and one ,5 a%%ra)atin%

circmstance attended the commission o& the crime.

Example: A and C !arreled. "n the process# A $illed C. A&ter the $illin% A )olntarily

srrendered to the police. A 1as able to pro)e lac$ o& intent to commit so %ra)e a

1ron% and passion and ob&scation. Ho1e)er# it 1as pro)en that A $illed C 1ithdisrespect de the )ictim on accont o& his a%e. Determine the indeterminate

sentence to be imposed pon A.

Ans1er: A committed the crime o& homicide pnishable by reclsion temporal. The

o@ense is attended by miti%atin% circmstances. There is ho1e)er one a%%ra)atin%

circmstance o& disrespect to the o@ended party on accont o& his a%e. Altho%h

there are three miti%atin% yo cannot lo1er the penalty by one de%ree becase

there is an a%%ra)atin% circmstance. Ths# the startin% point is 4eclsion temporal.

"n >xin% the minimm# %o one de%ree lo1er &rom reclsion temporal 1hich is prision

mayor. "n >xin% the maximm period# %o one de%ree hi%her &rom the minimm

penalty. Loo$ &or the remainin% miti%atin% and a%%ra)atin% circmstances. O@setone miti%atin% circmstance 1ith the a%%ra)atin% circmstance and these remain

t1o miti%atin% circmstances. onsiderin% the t1o miti%atin% circmstance the

maximm penalty is the minimm o& reclsion temporal.

INDETERMINATE SENTENCE IN COM!LE CRIME

7ample Problem:

Jan# 1ith intent to $ill# >red his %n at Pedro. Pedro 1as not hit bt the bllet hit

Petra 1ho 1as seated beside Pedro. Petra died as a conse!ence.

a What crime?crimes did Jan commit

b Determine the penalty imposable to Jan ta$in% into consideration the

"7LAW.

Ans1er:

a Jan committed a complex crime o& homicide 1ith attempted homicide.

The t1o crimes 1ere the reslt o& a sin%le act. As sch# the t1o crimes

comprise the sin%le o@ense o& homicide 1ith attempted homicide.

b The penalty imposable in a complex crime is the penalty &or the hi%her

o@ense. "n the present case# homicide is the hi%her o@ense 1hich is

pnishable by Recl%+i# Te$pr&l. 7tep nmber t1o is not applicable so

yo can no1 >x the minimm. Lo1er the penalty by one de%ree. One

de%ree lo1er than Recl%+i# Te$pr&lis !ri+i# M&,r. The minimm

penalty there&ore is !ri+i# M&,rin any o& its periods. nder Art. +/#


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the maximm o& "7LAW in complex crimes is al1ays the maximm

re%ardless o& any miti%atin% circmstance that attended the commission

o& the o@ense.

7o the ran%e o& the indeterminate sentence is !ri+i# M&,rin any o& its periods

as minimm to Recl%+i# Te$pr&lin its maximm period.

INDIISI3LE !ENALT

7ample Problem:

Jan raped Petra. Drin% the trial# Ban pleaded %ilty and the miti%atin%

circmstance o& )olntary srrender 1as dly established. Determine the penalty

imposable.

Ans1er:

The penalty imposable &or rape is Recl%+i# !erpet%&to De&t*. These are

t1o indi)isible penalties. There bein% t1o miti%atin% circmstances# the penalty

imposable is the lesser indi)isible penalty o& Recl%+i# !erpet%&. We cannot %o

one de%ree lo1er prsant to Art. *+ par. - becase this article applies to di)isible

penalties. What is applicable is Art. *9 1hich deals 1ith indi)isible penalties.

Art. *9 pro)ides# Fin all cases in 1hich the la1 prescribes a sin%le indi)isible penalty

it shall be applied by the corts re%ardless o& any miti%atin% or a%%ra)atin%

circmstances that may ha)e attended the commission o& the deed.G

INDETERMINATE SENTENCE IN S!ECIAL LAW

aximm mst not exceed the maximm term >xed by the la1.

inimm mst not be less than the minimm term >xed by la1.

Example:

Jan is con)icted &or "lle%al Possession o& 'irearms pnishable by Prision

orrectional. The dration o& the penalty is * months and 5 day to * years. The

maximm shall not exceed * years. The minimm shall not be lesser than * month

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Application of Penalties