Application of Nos in Automobiles

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APPLICATIONS OF NOS IN

AUTOMOBILES

nitrous

Nitrous Oxide Systems



INTRODUCTION

Nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas

and nozz, is a chemical compound with the formula

N2O.

At room temperature, it is a colorless non-flammable

gas, with a pleasant, slightly sweet odor and taste.

It is used as a dissociative anesthetic, oxidizer in

rocketry and in motor racing to increase the power output of engines.



Nitous oxide molecule

nitrogen

Oxygen

Known as laughing gas,sweet air etc.



HISTORY

A similar basic technique was used during World war II

byLuftwaffe aircraft with the GM-1 system to maintain the

power output of aircraft engines when at high altitude where

the oxygen content is lower.

Accordingly, it was only used by specialized planes like high-

altitude reconnaissance aircraft, high-speed bombers and high-

altitude interceptors.



PRINCIPLE

The objective of nitrous oxide is to make more horsepower.

Nitrous oxide comprises one-part oxygen and two-part

nitrogen. This has a much higher percentage of oxygen than

that found in the atmosphere and, because of this the additional

oxygen being forced into the combustion chamber provides

more potential power.

The additional power cannot be obtained safely without

enriching the amount of fuel in the combustion chamber.

Nitrous oxide also cools the intake temperature by 60 from 75

degrees Fahrenheit and every 10 degrees Fahrenheit reductionin temperature gives you about 1% horsepower gains, you get

another 6-7% horsepower gains from the cooling effect.



Nitrous

oxide

cylinder



WORKING OF NOS

The internal-combustion engine is basically a large air pumpand its ability to pump air is one of the factors, whichdetermine how much power it can produce. Air containsoxygen and by drawing more oxygen into the combustionchamber, more power will be produced. In order to achieveefficient combustion, the air needs to be mixed with fuel in the

correct ratio.T

he stochiometric (chemically correct) ratio isfor basic gasoline is 14.7 parts air to 1 part of fuel.

Greater quantities of oxygen can be drawn into thecombustion chamber by simply introducing nitrous oxide. Byweight, Nitrous contains 36% oxygen while air has only 23%.A charge of nitrous oxide is capable of burning much more

fuel than the equivalent amount of air.



Because nitrous is more oxygen-rich than air, the

recommended air fuel ratio becomes 9.5 parts of nitrous to 1

part of fuel (9.5:1). That means when oxygen-rich nitrous is

introduced additional fuel must also be supplied in order to

maintain the optimum ratio Without the additional fuel the

mixture would become dangerously lean - circumstances that

will almost always lead to severe and expensive damage of

engine parts.



NITROUS STORAGE

For racing purposes, nitrous oxide is usually contained in analuminium cylinder; available in a variety of sizes rangingfrom 2.5 lbs to 20 lbs.

While retained in the cylinder the nitrous is in a liquid form

and held under high pressure. When it is released from thecylinder into the intake tract its physical state changes from aliquid to a gas.

This transformation occurs as the nitrous is released from anarea of extreme pressure (the aluminium cylinders are

pressurized to approximately 1000 P.S.I.) into the vacuum of

the intake manifold. This change in state is usually referred toas the nitrous µboiling¶.



Different types of nitrous oxide cylinders



TYPES OF NITROUS SYSTEMS

Ther e are two main categories of nitrous systems:dry & wet. There are 4 main sub types of wet system: single point, direct

port, plate, and plenum bar.

DRY SYSTEM

The N2O is injected into dry air (without fuel) upstream in themanifold and it is then mixed with fuel at the injectors. Theextra fuel required to maintain the burn balance from Lean toRich is delivered by the injectors. The primary part of theintake is kept dry of fuel.

WET SYSTEM

The fuel and Nitrous are mixed and introduced together to the primary part of the intake. This system produces slightly more power than dry but cannot be applied to an engine with a dryintake typically most fuel injected engines.



PLENUM BAR SYSTEM

These are spraybars that are installed inside of the plenums of the intake manifold. Plenum bar systems are usually used in

conjunction with direct port systems in multi-stage nitrous

systems.

PR

OPANE or CNG It is possible to combine the use of nitrous with a gaseous fuel

such as propane or compressed natural gas. This has the

advantage of being a dry system and yet still maintaining

proper air/fuel mixture.

Such a system requires exact choice of jet sizes and gas

pressure regulation to provide a consistent pressure to the jets.

Better air/fuel mixing and distribution and less risk of

knocking due to the increased octane of propane and CNG.





L L

One of the most important aspects of keeping an engine

healthy when using nitrous oxide is to ensure it operates at the proper air/fuel ratio.

Good optimisation of enrichment fuel is essential otherwise

the fuel can 'drop out' and puddle in the intake tract, potentially

causing a backfire. With a properly designed nitrous injector

and correct placement of the nozzle (not too far from the

intake entry point and away from any abrupt bends and

restrictions in the intake tract) backfires can be avoided.

Ignition timing must also be watched closely when using

nitrous oxide. It is said that for every 50 horsepower of nitrousused, two degrees of timing must be taken out.

An engine with components not able to cope with the

increased stress imposed by the use of nitrous systems can

experience major engine damage, such as cracked or destroyedistons connectin rods or crankshafts.



A piston which was

cracked due to nitrous

use.



Advantages

Nitrous oxide offers more power-per-dollar than all knownalternatives.

It has appreciably more power than a turbocharger

NOS provide instant power when it¶s needed.

Tuning with nitrous also provides the potential to increase

power By purchasing an adjustable kit, more power can be added.

Installing a nitrous system is reasonably straight forward,when compared to other horsepower improving modifications.

The system can always be transferred from vehicle to vehicle.

Nitrous oxide system can be easily replaced.



Disadvantages

If a nitrous bottle is overheated or heated too quickly, acatastrophic explosion can occur.

Liquid nitrous will cause severe and permanent frostbitedamage to skin.

Inhalation of nitrous oxide can cause suffocation andimmediate death.

The nitrous system is designed to operate at 1100 psi andexceeding that pressure can cause the engine to become toolean and cause extensive engine damage.

If a stock fuel system cannot supply enough fuel to theengine, the mixture will become too lean and severe enginedamage will occur.

Activating the nitrous oxide system may cause an explosionon engine start-up.



OTHER APPLICATIONS

R ocket motors

Nitrous oxide can be used as an oxidizer in a rocket motor.This has the advantages over other oxidizers that it is non-toxic and, due to its stability at room temperature, easy to storeand relatively safe to carry on a flight.

In medicine

Nitrous oxide can also be used to dull the sensation of pain,even if the inhaler were still semi-conscious, and so it cameinto use as an anesthetic, particularly by dentists, who do nottypically have access to the services of an anesthesiologist and

who may benefit from a patient who can respond to verbalcommands.



TH ANK YOU

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Application of Nos in Automobiles