Application of Ionic Liquids for Bioseparation and Wastewater Treatment

8/9/2019 Application of Ionic Liquids for Bioseparation and Wastewater Treatment

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Applications of Ionic liquids (ILs)

in bioseparations and

wastewater treatment

S.VENKATESAN

Ionic Liquid and Membrane Separation Laboratory

Department of Petrochemical Technology,

Bharathidasan Institute of TechnologyAnna University,Tiruchirappalli-62 2!,

Tamil "adu, India

#mail$ s%ven&atesan'mail%au(it%edu%in


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What is Ionic Liquid?

An ionic liquidIL! is a sa"tin the "iquidstate. In some

conte#ts$ the term has been restricted to sa"ts %hose

me"tin& pointis be"o% some arbitrary temperature$ such as

'(( )* +'+ ),!.

Whi"e ordinary "iquids such as %aterand &aso"ineare

predominant"y made o- e"ectrica""y neutra"mo"ecu"es$ ionic

"iquids are "ar&e"y made o- ions.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_(chemistry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_pointhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_pointhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_(chemistry)


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Why are ca""ed ionic "iquids?

Traditiona" sa"ts "ie sodium

ch"oride are ab"e to

e--icient"y pac to -orm a

crysta" "attice

With ionic "iquids$ the cations

are asymmetrica""y substituted

%ith di--erent "en&th &roups to

pre/ent the pacin& o- the

cations0anions into a crysta"

"attice


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1oom Temperature Ionic Liquids 1TILs!

2 1oom temperature ionic "iquids 1TILs! are sa"ts that are

"iquid o/er a %ide temperature ran&e$ inc"udin& room

temperature.

2 Variations in cations and anions can produce "itera""y

mi""ions o- ionic "iquids$ inc"udin& chira"$ -"uorinated$ and

antibacteria" IL.

2 Lar&e number o- possibi"ities a""o%s -or -ine3tunin& the ionic

"iquid properties -or speci-ic app"ications


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Why Ionic Liquids?

2 ILs are en/ironmenta""y3-riend"y a"ternati/es to or&anicso"/ents -or "iquid0"iquid e#tractions. *ata"ysis$ separations$and e"ectrochemistry.

2 ILs %i"" reduce or e"iminate the re"ated costs$ disposa"requirements$ and ha4ards associated %ith /o"ati"e or&aniccompounds V5*s!.

2 The abi"ity to -ine3tunethe properties o- the IL medium %i""

a""o% se"ection o- IL to rep"ace speci-ic so"/ents in a /arietyo- di--erent processes.


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The 6ri/in& -orces

The prob"ems in the chemica" industry %ith the /o"ati"eor&anic compounds V5*s! 7

to#ic and0or ha4ardous serious en/ironmenta" issues$ such as

atmospheric emissions and contamination o-aqueous e--"uents

The dri/in& -orce in the quest -or no/e" reaction media7

&reener processes

recyc"in& homo&eneous cata"ysts


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8roperties o- ILs

2 9i&h ionic conducti/ity

2 Non3-"ammab"e

2 Non3/o"ati"e

2 9i&h therma" and o#idati/e stabi"ity

2 Wide temperature ran&e -or "iquid phase 3 :( to ; +(()*!

2 9i&h"y so"/atin&road Liquid ran&e

2 Easy separation


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Comparison of organic solvents with ionic liquids

Plechkova, N. V.; Seddon K. R. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2008, 37, 123150


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=reat promise

2 6esi&nabi"ity.>y combinin& di--erent anions %ith cations$ it

is possib"e to &enerate a hu&e number o- di--erent ionic

"iquids$ each %ith their o%n speci-ic so"/ent properties.

Some ionic "iquids are %ater so"ub"e$ others are not. Some

disso"/e typica" or&anic so"/ents$ other are not.

2 They can be -unctiona"i4ed to act as acids$ bases or "i&ands

and ha/e the potentia" to cata"y4e certain reactions in

certain systems.

2 Ionic "iquids are non3/o"ati"e$ hence they may be used in

hi&h /acuum systems and hi&h temperature reactions

%ithout the requirement o- a pressure /esse" to contain the

/apors.


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They are &ood so"/ents -or a %ide ran&e o- both inor&anic$or&anic and po"ymeric materia"s and unusua" combinations o-rea&ents can be brou&ht into same phase. 9o%e/er they donot disso"/e &"ass$ po"yethy"ene$ or Te-"on. 9i&h so"ubi"ityusua""y imp"ies sma"" reactor /o"umes in the -ina" process.

They are immiscib"e %ith a number o- or&anic so"/ents and

pro/ide a non3aqueous$ po"ar a"ternati/e -or t%o phasesystems$ this has been used to e--ect tota" cata"yst reco/eryina number o- transition meta" cata"y4ed reactions. 9ydrophobicionic "iquids can a"so be used as immiscib"e po"ar phase %ith%ater.

They are o-ten composed o- poor"y coordinatin& ions$ so theyha/e the potentia" to be hi&h"y po"ar non3coordinatin& so"/ents$this is particu"ar"y important %hen usin& transition3meta" based

cata"ysts.


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6isco/ery and 9istory

2 Ethy"ammoniumnitrate$ %hich is "iquids %as -irst described in'':.

2 In the "ater ':(s$ n3a"y"pyridinium ch"oroa"uminates %erestudied as e"ectro"ytes -or e"ectrop"atin& a"uminum.

2 The -irst e#amp"es o- ionic "iquids based on dia"y"imida4o"iumcations %ere reported in the ear"y '@(s. They containch"oroa"uminate anions and pro/ed to be use-u"

cata"ysts0so"/ents -or ,riede"3*ra-ts acy"ations.

2 The -irst e#amp"e o- the ne% ionic "iquids$ that current"y arerecei/in& so much attention as no/e" media -or homo&eneouscata"ysis$ A"y"3Methy"imida4o"ium tetra-"uoroborate %as

reported in '+.


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Ionic Liquid 8ub"ications


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Ionic Liquid 8atents

(

A(

'((

'A(

+((

+A(

No.ofPatents

!!" !!# !!$ !!! %&&& %&& %&&% %&&' %&&( %&&) %&&"

*ear

Patents on ILs

+A,- !

+P !

Chevron %&

.//on !


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anionanionOrganicOrganic

cationcation

Common Ionic LiquidsCommon Ionic Liquids

A"y"ammonium

A"y"phosphoniumA"y"nitride

"$"B3dia"y"imida4o"ium

"3a"y"pyridinium

9a"ide3based *"3$ >r-$ ,-!

9a"o&eno3based >,:-$ 8,C-!

9a"o&enoa"uminiumIII!

N5D-$ *"5:-$9S5:-

S5D-

$ *,DS5D-

*,DS5+!+N-

*,DS5+!D*-


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Typica" *ations

2 Ionic "iquids consist o- bu"yand asymmetricor&anic

cations such as 7

m!da"ol!#m !on P$%!d!n!#m !on &mmon!#m !on Pho'(hon!#m

!on


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Anions

2A %ide ran&e o- anionsis emp"oyed$ -rom simp"e

ha"ides %hich in-"ect hi&h me"tin& points$ to inor&anic

anions such as7

Anions:


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2 8,CF3-or moisture stab"e$ %ater immiscib"e IL

2 >,:F3 -or moisture stab"e$ but %ater miscib"e IL dependin&

on the ratio o- ionic "iquid7 %ater$ system temperature$ and

a"y" chain "en&th in the cation.

2 Less common anions inc"ude7 Tri-"ate T-5F Nona-"ate N-5F

*,DS5+3 *,D*,+!DS5+3

>istri-"y"!amide T-+NF Tri-"uoroacetate TAF

*,DS5+!+N3 *,D*5+3

9epta-"uorobutanoate 9>F

*,D*,+!D*5+3


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'3a"y"3D3methy"imida4o"ium is the most

common cation

N N

R

+

R1

With R = C4to C

8., R

1=

C4


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Scott 9andy ed.! App"ications o- Ionic Liquids in Science and Techno"o&y$ InTech$ +(''.


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>iocata"ysis in Ionic Liquids

2 In many en4yme cata"y4ed reactions in %ater the rate is

"imited by secondary hydro"ysis

2 Many reactions &o to comp"etion %hen ionic "iquid mass-raction D( G! added

2 Lipase cata"y4ed transesteri-ication reactions occur in G

mass -raction ionic "iquids %ith much impro/ed

steriose"ecti/ity at hi&her temperatures H hence -asterreactions


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Ionic Liquids in Separation o- Meta" Ions

2 Ionic "iquids are used -or separation o- meta" ions both in

e#traction$ membrane and adsorption systems -rom '.

2 ILs are used as so"/ents and carriers in "iquid3"iquid

e#traction o- meta" ions.

2 A "i&and or so"/ent is added to hydrophobic ILs to impro/e

the e#tractabi"ity o- meta" ions.

2 E#amp"es o- "i&ands are 7 T>8$ *ro%n ether etc.


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'3a"y"3D3

methy"imida4o"ium

he#a-"uorophosphate

bis(trifuoromethylsulphon

yl)imide Cnmim!"(#$%C&')%!


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App"ication o- Ionic Liquids in


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App"ication o- Ionic Liquids in

Membrane Separation 8rocesses

2 0embrane is apermselective barrier between two phases.It separates

the in-"uent -eed! stream into t%o e--"uent streams$ no%n as permeateand retentate.

2 Membrane separation processes are %ide"y researched and -astest

&ro%in& separation techniques.

2 Membrane separation requires compact set3up$ easy operation at ambient

temperature and pressure$ simp"e in up3 and do%nsca"in&$ better ener&y

e--iciency and hi&h purity products.

2 In the "iquid phase$ ILs can be used as2 >u" Ionic Liquid Membrane >ILM!2 Emu"sion Ionic Liquid Membrane EILM!2 Supported Ionic Liquid Membrane SILM!2 8o"ymeri4ed Ionic inc"usion membrane 8ILM!


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2 Issues 7

H Lac o- to#icity dataH Most o- the ILs are not biode&radab"e

H 9i&h cost

H A/ai"abi"ity


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Than ou

Documents

Application of Ionic Liquids for Bioseparation and Wastewater Treatment