APPLICATION OF GPS IN power system.pptx

8/14/2019 APPLICATION OF GPS IN power system.pptx

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APPLICATION OF GPS IN

POWER SYSTEM

SUBMITTED BY:RAVINDER KUMAR

Roll No: 3131618


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CONTENTS

What is GPS?

GPS at work

How GPS works?

Why GPS? Introduction to SYNCHROPHASORS

PMU or SYNCHROPHASORS

Block diagram of PMU Specification of PMU

PMU installed in INDIA


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Application of PMU

Fault Locator Detector using GPS

Block diagram of FLAR

Advantages of FLAR

Application of GPS for Sag Measurement of Overhead

Power Transmission Line

Observations

Advantage of DGPS system

Conclusion

Reference


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WHAT IS GPS?

GPS or Global Positioning Systems is a highlysophisticated navigation system developed by

the United States Department of Defense. Thissystem utilizes satellite technology withreceivers and high accuracy clocks to

determine the position of an object.


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4 birds (as we say) for 3-D fix


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GPS consists of

A Constellation of satellites, which orbit the

earth twice a day, transmitting precisetime

and position (latitude,longitude,altitude)

information

A complete system consists of 24 satellites

.


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GPS AT WORK

1.Navigation - Where do I want to go

2.Location- Where am I

3. Tracking- Monitoring something as itmoves

4. Mapping- Where is everything else

5. Timing - When will it happen


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How GPS works?

GPS transmits signals every second, whichwhen decoded allow the date and time of day be

determined anywhere in the world to 1ppsaccuracy .

GPS receiver extracts two signal:

1. 1 pps strobe signal

2. Serial message which contains date and time

of previous 1pps strobe signal.


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WHY GPS?

BECAUSE India suffered a major grid

disturbance in northern region at midnight at

02:33hrs on 30th July 2012 and further severe

disturbance occurred at 13hrs on31st Julyresulting collapse of 48000MW of power in

North, North-East Regions EXCEPT Western&

South Regions.

This grid disturbance affected normal life of60crore population of the country for more than

8hrs.


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This has necessitated our grid system for

modernization and development to the level of asmart grid by deploying synchrophasor

technology which is world wide accepted as a

solution towards future blackouts and grid

failures.


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Introduction to

SYNCHROPHASOR

Powerful tool for diagnose ,prevention ,andcure for grid system.

High speed real time synchronised

measurement devices used for finding healthof electrical grid.

ULTRA FAST measurement system of gridparameter.

It is 100 times faster than present SCADAsystem.

With synchrophasor datas utilities can useexisting power more efficiently and push morepower through existing grid.


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PHASOR MEASUREMENT

UNIT

OR

SYNCHROPHASORS

PMUINPUT

Secondary

sides of the

3 P.T. or

C.T.

OUTPUT

CorrespondingVoltage or

Current phasors


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Block diagram of PMU


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The time marker information from GPS is assigned

to the absolute phase angle and frequency as their

time tag.

Finally, the time-marked measured results are

transmitted to remote site through Ethernet or other

communication channel

central data collection


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SOURCE : SYNCHROPHASORS INITIATIVE IN INDIA-POSOCO

Specifications of PMU


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PMU INSTALLED IN INDIA

A. Northern Region Phase-I

i. 400 kV Vindhyachal-Singrauli-I

ii. 400 kV Kanpur-Ballabgarh-I

iii. 400 kV Moga-Bhiwadi-I

iv. 400 kV Dadri_NTPCDadri_HVDC

interconnector-I

B. Northern Region Phase-II

i. 400 kV Gwalior Agra-I and 400 kV Agra-

Gwalior-II

ii. 400 kV Agra-Bassi-I and 400 kV Agra-

Bassi-IIiii. 400 kV Hisar-Bawana

iv. 400 kV Kishenpur-Moga-I and 400 kV

Kishenpur-Moga-II


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C. Western Region

i. 400 kV Raipur-Bhadrawati-I

D. Southern Region

i. 400 kV Hyderabad-Ramagundamii. 400 kV Bengaluru-Kolar

iii. 400 kV Salem-Hosur


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Applications of PMU

PMU APPLICATION

REAL TIME

ENHANCINGSITUATIONALAWARENESS

PHASORS OF VOLTAGEAND

CURRENT,MAGNITUDE OF

FREQUENCY

OFFLINE

DETECTON ANDANALYSIS OF

OSCILLATION IN

POWER SYSTEM

DETECTION OFTIME,AMPLITUDE,DURATION , FREQUENCY

OF OSCILLATION

FORENSIC ANALYSISOF FAULT/GRID

INCIDENTS

LOCATION OF FAULTTYPE,NATURE,TIME OF

FAULT,FAULTCLEARANCE TIME


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FAULT LOCATION DETECTORUSING GPS


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Block diagram of FLAR

It is known as the Fault Locator Acquisition

Reporter or(FLAR) system.


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Basic principle of FLAR

A Fault Locator remote couples to each endof this line via the high frequency tap from acapacitor coupling device called a Capacitive

Potential Transformer (CPT).

The CPT acts

as a high pass filter which rejectsPowerFrequency

signal but passes the higher frequencycomponents of fast rise-time fault transients.


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Traveling wave fault locators make use of the transient signals

generated by the fault.

Unlike other fault location systems,the traveling wave fault locato

is unaffected by load conditions.

Precisely gps synchronized clocks are the key element in the

implementation of this fault location technique.

The required level of clock accuracy has only recently been

available at reasonable cost with the introduction of the Global

Positioning System.


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A Fault Locator remote is actually a fancy electronic

stopwatch , synchronized to the common timingstandard of UTC from GPS, either directly or via a

wideband microwave channel from the Control Center.

When a fault occurs at distance X from an end of theline, the resulting arc produces traveling waves.

These transients, with 2 to 5 microsecond leading edge

rise-times, emanate towards the ends of the line at nearthe speed of light (c).


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The Fault Locator remotes time tag the transient arrival

times to an accuracy of one microsecond.

By knowing the line length L and the time-of-arrivaldifference (tb - ta), one can calculate the distance X,

from substation Aby using the fault location equation:

X= L- c (tb - ta)

2L = Electrical Line length

c= Vel. of Prop. = 0.2997 km/usec

ta = End A arrival time

tb = End B arrival time


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ADVANTAGES

Protection of transmissioin lines are extremly

acurate.

Economical

Fast response

Reliable and minimized the time required to

find and repair power line outages.


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Errors in FLAR techniques

ERROR TYPE ERROR TIME LOCATION ERROR

FAULT DETECTIONERROR 0.5 to 5 usec 150 - 1500 m

TIME TAGGING

RESOLUTION0 to 0.1 u sec 0 - 30 m

GPS TIMINGERROR


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Application of GPS forSag Measurement of

Overhead

Power Transmission Line


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Representation of experimental

system


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We are placing a DGPS(a newer version of GPS),

integrated with the communication module in aspecially designed enclosure on the transmission line.

ROVER:made up ofstainless-steel supports to a6-in. diameter HVAC aluminum pipe on the outsideand a high temperature polymer tube on the inside.

polymer tube on the inside geodetic GPS antenna

Leica GMX 902 receiver

Wireless modem

NMEA/GPS data logging software The rover GPS unit is used to evaluate the conductor

to ground clearance continuously, and this informationis transferred in real time to a distant sag monitoringcenter.


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The GPS relevant information was transferred in

standard NMEA-0183 sentences from the GPS receiverto the laptop over the wireless link established by the

radio modem. After obtaining the DGPS data, the altitude in formation

from GPS messages was extracted so that the conductor-to-

ground clearance could be evaluated in real time.


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OBSERVATIONS

No-Load Test

On load test


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On load test


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Advantage of DGPS system

The DGPS system can be used to stretch

the transmission-line capacity (short term)

beyond the normal rating so that excess

thermal capacity of the line could beexploited.


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CONCLUSION

o A key element in both these applications is asource of

reliable precise time.

o GPS is the only system available with theaccuracy required for these systems.

o It has a cost now comparable with any othertime dissemination system.

o It has set a new standard of performance andhas opened up a whole new arena for thedevelopment of power system controls.


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2. M. Kezunovic, J. Mrkic, B. Perunicic, An Accurate Fault Location Algorithm

Using Synchronized Sampling, Electric Power Systems Research Joumal,

Volume 29, Number 3, May 1994.

3. R.E. Wilson, Methods and Uses of Precise Time in Power Systems, IEEE

Transactions on Power Deliuery, Volume 7, Number 1, January 1992.4. IEEE Working Group Report, Power System Relaying Committee,

Synchronized Sampling and Phasor Measurements for Relaying and Control,

IEEE Transactions on Power Delicery, January 1994.

5. Global Positioning System, Volumes I, 11, and 111, papers pub lished in

Nauigation, reprinted by the Institute of Navigation, Washington, D.C., 1980

6. Arun Phadke,SynchronizedPhasors articleIEEEComputer

Applications in Power,April1993.

7. V.K.Agarwal and P.K.Agarwal,[Power Grid,India Limited]commissioning

of PMUs Pilot project in north region of India, Nation Power System

Conference 2010,India.

8 IEEE Standard C37 118 2005 IEEE Standard for Power Systems

1. Application of GPS for Sag Measurement of OverheadPower Transmission LineSangeeta Kamboj and Ratna Dahiya .

REFERENCE

Documents

APPLICATION OF GPS IN power system.pptx