Application of e-Learning in Under-Graduated Medical Teaching A Systematic Review

Application of e-Learning in Under-Graduated Medical Teaching

A Systematic Review

Authors: Alves, S., Alves, C., Barbosa, R., Barreira, J., Cerdeira, M.E., Costa J., Figueiredo A. R.., Marques, M., Martins, A.C., Reis, B., Seixas, R.

Supervisors: Mário Dinis Ribeiro, MD, PhD Altamiro Costa Pereira, MD, PhD

Universidade do PortoFaculdade de Medicina

Introdução à Medicina

Universidade do PortoFaculdade de Medicina

Introdução à Medicina

Third Presentation

• Introduction

• Aims

• Methods

• Results

• Discussion

Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina Summary

“E-Learning” = Electronic Learning

Teaching

Potentialities of Technology1

Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina IntroductionIntroduction

“E-learning” – more than a software platform 1;

- supports the act of learning 1;


“E-learning”

•A way to spread knowledge ( allowing availability);

•Possibility of interaction (foruns and FAQ’s)

E-learning

UNDERGRADUATED

MEDICAL

TEACHING


How can e-learning be helpful to med students?

• Supporting future doctors with access to the up-to-date medical knowledge;

• Interactive model of learning stimulates knowledge acquisition;

• Also provides flexibility and collaboration.

Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina

IntroductionIntroduction

Aims

• To understand the importance of e-learning in undergraduate medical teaching;

• To comprehend the impact that its use causes in the academical success.


Type of study

Systematic Review

Target Population/ Units of Analysis

Articles found in data bases

Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina Methods

Keywords

• web-based learning ; • E-learning (electronic learning); • Medicine;• Medical Education; • Under-graduation;


Start

Define query

articles obtained

First Selection

Reading of titles and abstracts’ articles

Application of the inclusion/exclusion criteria

Excluded

Input data into SPSSIncluded

Consulting a third reviewer

Physically obtained

Second selection

Yes

Yes

Yes No

No

No

Second selection

Reading of full article

Application of the inclusion/exclusion criteria

Excluded

Input data into SPSSIncluded

Articles selected Consulting a

third reviewer

Analyse data

End

Excluded articles

Input data into SPSS

Extract data

Yes

Yes

No

No

Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina ResultsResults

Local of Study (Country)


Year of Publication


103

3 Evaluation study

Systematic review

Descriptive report

Type of studyType of Study

6

5

5

Not statedClinicalPre-clinical

Type of participantsType of Participants





16 selected articles

Only 4 mentioned the pattern of utilisation:

• Only 2 referred that the majority of students used to access the available resources, using the internet outside college, most of them at home. 17

• 1 article indicated that most students used to access the available contents during night period (39%) 13


16 selected articles

Only 2 mentioned students’ evaluation of E-learning:

•51% of students classified e-learning good/excellent;20

•Positive ratings for e-Learning – 96%; 17

•Positive ratings for traditional methods – 80%. 17

Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina DiscussionDiscussion

Limitations

•The lack of articles referring the pattern of utilisation.

•The lack of articles referring the impact of E-learning in one’s academical success.

Implications

•In a general way, students like using E-learning.

•E-learning associated to the traditional teaching method.


•E-learning provides information in an easy and fast way.

•It allows achieving the necessary academical skills in a faster way.

•The economical costs of implementing E-learning are high.

•The teachers aprehension of using this new tool when associated with under-graduated medical teaching.


Future Aproach

•E-learning is an always growing potentiality.

•Future articles should refer the pattern of utilisation as well as the impact E-learning has in the academical success.

1. Vollmar HC, Schurer-Maly CC, Frahne J, Lelgemann M, Butzlaff M., An e-learning platform for guideline implementation--evidence- and case-based knowledge translation via the Internet. Methods of Information in Medicine. 2006; 45(4): 389-96.

2. Harden RM., A new vision for distance learning and continuing medical education, The journal of continuing education in health professions, 2005, 25(1):43-51

3. Vozenilek J., Huff J. S., Reznek M., Gordon J. A. See One, Do One, Teach One: Advanced Technology in Medical Education. ACAD EMERG MED, 2004, Vol. 11, pp. 1149- 1154

5. Curran VR, Fleet L., A review of evaluation outcomes of web-based continuing medical education, Medical education, 2005, 39(6):561-7

4. Ruiz JG, Mintzer MJ, Leipzig RM., The impact of E-learning in medical education. Academic Medicine: journal of the association of American Medical Colleges. 2006; 81(3):207-12.

Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina References


6 . Harden RM, Hart IR, An international virtual medical school (IVIMEDS) the future for medical education, Medical Teacher, 2002 May;24(3):261-7

7 . Wilson AS, Goodall JE, Ambrosini G, Carruthers DM, Chan H, Ong SG, Gordon C, Young SP, Development of an interactive learning tool for teaching rheumatology - a simulated clinical case studies program, Rheumatology (Oxford), 2006 Sep;45(9):1158-61, Epub 2006 Mar 10

8 . Childs S, Blenkinsopp E, Hall A, Walton G, Effective e-learning for health professionals and students - barriers and their solutions. A systematic review of the literature--findings from the HeXL project, Health Information and Libraries Journal, 2005 Dec;22 Suppl 2:20-32

9 . Brunetaud JM, Leroy N, Pelayo S, Wascat C, Renard JM, Prin L, Beuscart-Zephir MC, Comparative evaluation of two applications for delivering a multimedia medical course in the French-speaking Virtual Medical University (UMVF), International Journal of Medical Informatics, 2005 Mar;74(2-4):209-12


10. Gotthardt M, Siegert MJ, Schlieck A, Schneider S, Kohnert A, Gross MW, Schafer C, Wagner R, Hormann S, Behr TM, Engenhart-Cabillic R, Klose KJ, Jungclas H, Glowalla U, How to successfully implement e-learning for both students and teachers, Academic Radiology. 2006 Mar;13(3):379-90

11. Healy DG, Fleming FJ, Gilhooley D, Felle P, Wood AE, Gorey T, McDermott EW, Fitzpatrick JM, O’Higgins NJ, Hill AD, Electronic learning can facilitate student performance in undergraduate surgical Education: o prospective observational study, BMC Medical Education. 2005 Jun 29;5:23

12 . Goettner P, Effective e-learning for healthcare, Health Management Technology. 2000 Dec; 21 (12):64, 63

13 . Nageswari KS, Malhotra AS, Kapoor N, Kaur G, Pedagogical effectiveness of innovative teaching methods initiated at the Department of Physiology, Government Medical College, Chandigarh, Advances in Physiology Education, 2004 Dec;28(1-4):51-8

14 . Harden RM, Myths and e-learning, Medical Teacher, 2002 Sep;24(5):469-72

15 . Lau F, Bates J, A review of e-learning practices for undergraduate medical education, Journal of Medical Systems, 2004 Feb;28(1):71-87


16. Ruiz JG, Mintzer MJ, Leipzig RM, The impact of E-learning in medical education, Academic Medicine. 2006 Mar;81(3):207-12

17. de Maio M, Ferreira MC, Experience with tha first Internet-Based course at the Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med Sao Paulo. 2001 May-Jun;56(3):69-74

18 Link TM, Marz R, Computer literacy and attitudes towards e-learning among first year medical students, BMC Med Educ. 2006 Jun 19;6:34

19 Bernardo V, Ramos MP, Plapler H, De Figueiredo LF, Nader HB, Ancao MS, Von Dietrich CP, Sigulem D, Web-based learning in undergraduate medical education: development and assessment of an online course on experimental surgery, International Journal of Medical Informatics. 2004 Sep;73(9-10):731-42

20 Dornan T, Hadfield J, Brown M, Boshuizen H, Scherpbier A, How can medical students learn in a self-directed way in the clinical environment? Design-based research, Med Educ. 2005 Apr;39(4):356-64

21 Romanov K, Nevgi A, Learning outcomes in medical informatics: comparison of a WebCT course with ordinary web site learning material, International Journal of Medical Informatics, 2006 Feb;75(2):156-62. Epub 2005 Aug 5

Query:

("Education, Medical/education"[MeSH] OR "Education, Medical/methods"[MeSH] OR

"Education, Medical/statistics and numerical data"[MeSH]) * ("Education,

Distance/classification"[MeSH] OR "Education, Distance/methods"[MeSH] OR

"Education, Distance/statistics and numerical data"[MeSH]) OR ("e-learning" AND

"medical education") OR ("web-based learning" AND "medical education") OR

(“electronic learning” AND “medical education”)

Database’s research: PubMed

188 articles in PubMed on 04/02/2007.


• We will include all the articles accessing the impact and the use of e-learning and medical under-graduated teaching.

Inclusion Criteria


•We will exclude articles in languages different from Portuguese, French, Spanish and English;

• We will not accept articles related to dentistry and veterinary medicine;

• We will not analyse articles that are not available in FMUP’s and IPO’s libraries as well as in databases.

•We will excluded articles that only describes programs, treatments, systems and universities.

Exclusion Criteria


Abstracts’ reading



Articles’ selection


Full-articles’ reading and selection, using the inclusion and exclusion criteria again.



Documents

Application of e-Learning in Under-Graduated Medical Teaching A Systematic Review