Application of Design Standards

7/25/2019 Application of Design Standards

1/13

Application of Design Standards, Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards,and Bridges

Contact information was updated by Vertical Clearance Memoon 4/15/09.

Formerly Federal-id !olicy "uide #on-$e%ulatory &upplement' #& CF$ () *(5Marc+ 1' (005' ,ransmittal ))&eerder 1)(1.1C F irecties Mana%ement

This supplement includes information on application of design standards, uniform federalaccessibility standards, and bridges

1. National Highway System. &ection 1092c3 of ,itle ()' nited &tates Code 2.&.C.3' proides t+atdesi%n and construction standards for new construction and reconstruction on t+e #ational i%+way&ystem 2#&3' and for resurfacin%' restorin%' and re+abilitatin% multi-lane limited access +i%+ways on t+e#&' s+all be t+ose approed by t+e &ecretary in cooperation wit+ t+e &tate +i%+way departments. n asimilar manner' () .&.C. 1092b3 proides standards for t+e nterstate system. ,+e term 6multi-lanelimited access +i%+way6 in () .&.C. 1092c3 means nterstate or ot+er freeway wit+ full control of access.&tandards for t+e desi%n and construction of all pro7ects on t+e #&' includin% t+e nterstate system' are

applicable to any proposed improement re%ardless of t+e fundin% source 2Federal' &tate' local orpriate3. ,+e standards are for t+e #ational i%+way &ystem' rat+er t+an for Federal-aid pro7ects on t+atsystem. eiations from t+e standards must +ae approed desi%n e8ceptions.

a. nterstate System !ro"ects. n accordance wit+ () .&.C. 1092b3' t+e current &,nterstate standards and policies as incorporated in () CF$ *(5 are applicable. ,+ose standards applyw+et+er or not t+e &tate +as c+osen to use t+e e8emption proisions of () .&.C. 10*2b3. lso' t+ere isno aut+ority under t+e &, to deelop F approed indiidual &tate )$ standards for nterstatepro7ects.

b# Non$nterstate System !ro"ects

213 #ew construction and reconstruction: n accordance wit+ () .&.C. 1092c3't+e current &, standards and policies as incorporated in () CF$ *(5 are applicable to new

construction and reconstruction. n addition to t+e nterstate system' t+e #& consists of ot+er principalarterials' includin% non-nterstate freeways. ,+erefore' t+ose parts of t+e &, !olicy on "eometricesi%n of i%+ways and &treets 2"reen ;oo


2/13

F approed )$ standards deeloped under () .&.C. 1092o3 and () CF$ *(5. ,+e form of t+ecertification s+ould be a%reed upon between t+e iision office and t+e &tate.

(. Non$National Highway System. s proided in () .&.C. 1092p3' t+ere will be no federallyre=uired or approed standards for Federal-aid pro7ects off t+e #& re%ardless of t+e fundin% source.#on-#& pro7ects are to be 6desi%ned' constructed' operated' and maintained in accordance wit+ &tatelaws' re%ulations' directies' safety standards' desi%n standards' and construction standards.6 +ile

t+ere is no direct applicability of t+e safety proisions of () .&.C. 1092o3 or t+e +istoric and scenic aluesproisions of () .&.C. 1092=3 to non-#& pro7ects' t+e &tates are stron%ly encoura%ed to consider andapply t+ese proisions in deelopin% and applyin% t+eir non-#& standards.

). !ro"ects with Historic and Scenic mpacts or &alues . ,itle () .&.C. 1092=3 deals wit+ t+eapplication of desi%n standards on pro7ects w+ic+ inole or are located in areas of +istoric or scenicalue. ,+e intent is to emp+asi>e t+at a %reat deal of fle8ibility can and s+ould be used in desi%n andconstruction of suc+ pro7ects. ;ecause eac+ scenic or +istoric site or area is uni=ue' deelopment ofnational standards for suc+ pro7ects is not appropriate. ,+e intent of t+is section s+ould be considered int+e deelopment of all Federally funded pro7ects but is re=uired to be considered in t+e desi%n of #&pro7ects funded under () .&.C. 10)2e3243' nterstate &ubstitute !ro%ram? () .&.C. 1))' &urface,ransportation !ro%ram? or () .&.C. 144' i%+way ;rid%e $eplacement and $e+abilitation !ro%ram.

'# Safety (nhancementa. ,itle () .&.C. 10*2b32)3 proides t+at safety en+ancement on )$ pro7ects on t+e #&

and on any low cost 2less t+an @1 million estimated construction cost3 pro7ects on t+e #& may beaccomplis+ed usin% p+ase construction. ,+at is' t+ose safety considerations t+at are reflected in anoperatie &afety Mana%ement &ystem 2establis+ed and implemented in accordance wit+ () .&.C. )0)3and w+ic+ do not present an immediate potential +a>ard as t+e result of t+e proposed improement' maybe met by p+ased construction. oweer' until suc+ safety mana%ement system is in effect' t+e %eneralsafety re=uirement of e8istin% () .&.C. 1092a3 and t+e safety en+ancement proisions of () .&.C.1092o3 are applicable to pro7ects on t+e #&.

b. !reentie maintenance pro7ects 27oint repair' paement patc+in%' crac< sealin%' brid%epaintin%' etc.3 usin% Federal-aid funds on nterstate +i%+ways and similar minor wor< on ot+er #&+i%+ways may be approed by F wit+out includin% safety or %eometric en+ancements. oweer'

suc+ approals are to be %ien wit+ t+e understandin% t+at appropriate safety and %eometricen+ancements will be an inte%ral part of future )$/4$ pro7ects. Furt+er' preentie maintenance or minorwor< items performed in t+is manner must not de%rade any e8istin% safety or %eometric aspects of t+efacility.

)# Design Speed

a. For all new and reconstruction pro7ects' and all nterstate &ystem pro7ects' t+e %eometricdesi%n s+ould be consistent wit+ speed implied to t+e drier by t+e posted or re%ulatory speed. ,+erefore't+e desi%n speed c+osen for suc+ pro7ects s+ould e=ual or e8ceed t+e posted or re%ulatory speed inorder to assure t+at driers operatin% at t+e le%al speed limit can do so wit+out unwittin%ly e8ceedin% t+esafe desi%n speed of t+e facility.

b. For all non-freeway )$ pro7ects t+e desi%n speed for specific elements may be

determined and selected as described in ,ec+nical disory 2,3 , 5040.(A' 6eelopin% "eometricesi%n Criteria and !rocesses for #on-freeway $$$ !ro7ects6' dated ctober 1B' 19AA. ,+e , proidesfor selectin% a desi%n speed t+at e=uals or e8ceeds t+e posted or re%ulatory speed limit or as analternate' t+e use of specific' measured A5t+ percentile speeds for desi%n of indiidual or series of+ori>ontal and ertical cures as recommended in t+e ,ransportation $esearc+ ;oard )$ study. ,+ealternatie procedure may be used w+et+er or not t+e &tate +as F approed special )$ criteria.

c. ,+e intent of t+is policy is not to re=uire speed limit postin% or adisory speed si%nin% tocorrespond to t+e actual desi%n speed of t+e pro7ect or to an indiidual desi%n element wit+in a pro7ect.oweer' w+en t+e le%al driin% speed e8ceeds t+e desi%n speed of a pro7ect element' t+e need for si%ns


3/13

and mared traffic en%ineerin% practice and accepted &tate policy' andbe in accordance wit+ t+e Manual on niform ,raffic Control eices.

*# Bridges

a. Bridge +idths. t is F policy t+at t+e criteria contained in () CF$ *(5 apply indeterminin% t+e widt+ of all brid%es to be constructed' reconstructed' or re+abilitated on t+e #&.

8ceptions may be proided on a pro7ect basis per () CF$ *(5 and wit+in t+e dele%ated aut+orityproided by F rder M 1100.1. For re+abilitated brid%es t+e proisions in () CF$ *(5 dealin% wit+)$ pro7ects may be applied. ,+ese proisions allow for fle8ibility in determinin% w+at %eometric criteriaare to be applied to )$ pro7ects' includin% brid%e widt+s ot+er t+an full construction or reconstructionstandards. ppropriate dec< widt+s for re+abilitated brid%es are to be determined on t+e basis t+at )$pro7ects must be desi%ned and constructed in a manner t+at will en+ance +i%+way safety.

b# Treatment of (isting Bridges on -./'., Bridge .eplacement, and Bridge.ehabilitation !ro"ects

213 n eac+ pro7ect' a determination must be made as to w+et+er an e8istin%brid%e s+ould remain in place' be re+abilitated' or replaced. ,+is decision s+ould be based on anassessment of t+e brid%es structural and functional ade=uacy for t+e type and olume of pro7ected trafficoer its desi%n life.

2(3 ,+e &, desi%n standards list minimum clear roadway widt+s for e8istin%brid%es to remain in place. ny e8ception to t+ese standards s+ould ta


4/13

oer its remainin% desi%n life. f e8ceptions were %ranted as a temporary measure because of asc+eduled future replacement pro7ect' t+e brid%e may remain classified as deficient.

c. Bridge .ails. ;rid%e railin% desi%ns used for new and reconstructed brid%es on t+e #&s+all +ae been successfully cras+ tested in accordance wit+ #C$! )50 criteria 2or e=uialents3.

0# &ertical %learance on the nterstate System

a. t must be emp+asi>ed t+at t+e inte%rity of t+e nterstate &ystem for national defensepurposes be maintained to meet &, !olicy as stated inA Policy on Design Standards - InterstateSystem' incorporated by reference in () CF$ *(5. n nterstate sections in rural areas' t+e clear +ei%+tof structures s+all be not less t+an 4.9 meters 21* feet3 oer t+e entire roadway widt+' includin% t+eusable widt+ of s+oulder. n nterstate sections in urban areas' t+e 4.9-meter 21*-foot3 clearance s+allapply to a sin%le routin%. n ot+er nterstate urban routes' t+e clear +ei%+t of structures s+all be not lesst+an 4.) meters 214 feet3. esi%n e8ceptions must be approed w+eneer t+ese criteria are not met.

b. ,+e F +as a%reed t+at all e8ceptions to t+e 4.9-meter 21*-foot3 ertical clearancestandard for t+e rural nterstate and t+e sin%le routin% in urban areas will be coordinated wit+ t+e Military,raffic Mana%ement Command ,ransportation n%ineerin% %ency 2M,MC,3 of t+e epartment ofefense. ,+is a%reement applies w+et+er it is a new construction pro7ect' a pro7ect t+at does not proidefor correction of an e8istin% substandard condition' or a pro7ect w+ic+ creates a substandard condition atan e8istin% structure. Furt+ermore' it applies to t+e full roadway widt+ includin% s+oulders for t+e t+rou%+lanes' and to ramps and collector-distributor roadways in nterstate-to-nterstate interc+an%es.

c. number of toll roads +ae been incorporated into t+e nterstate &ystem under t+eformer proisions of &ection 1(92b3 of ,itle ()' nited &tates Code. +ile t+e F does not +ae anyparticular 6leera%e6 on t+e toll aut+orities to comply wit+ Federal standards on non-federally fundedpro7ects' it is e8pected t+at t+e &s +ae establis+ed appropriate procedures to assure t+at proposedc+an%es or alterations of t+e toll road will meet applicable policies establis+ed for t+e nterstate &ystem.,+e wor


5/13

213 &ome pro7ect conditions t+at may warrant e8ceptions could be t+e e8tremedifficulty or +i%+ cost of obtainin% ri%+t-of-way' cost of construction' miti%ation of enironmental impacts' ort+e preseration of +istoric or scenic alues of t+e location. ,+e careful application of t+e fle8ibilityproided in t+e desi%n standards and policies' appropriate use of desi%n e8ceptions' and coordinationwit+ transportation en+ancement actiities can result in pro7ects t+at proide safe and efficienttransportation facilities and are sensitie and responsie to scenic and +istoric resources.

2(3 lt+ou%+ all e8ceptions from accepted standards and policies s+ould be7ustified and documented in some manner' t+e F +as establis+ed 1) controllin% criteria re=uirin%formal approal. ,+ese criteria are desi%n speed' lane and s+oulder widt+' brid%e widt+' structuralcapacity' +ori>ontal and ertical ali%nment' %rade' stoppin% si%+t distance' cross slope' supereleation'and ertical and +ori>ontal clearance 2ot+er t+an t+e 6clear >one63. esi%n e8ceptions to t+ese controllin%criteria can' in t+e most part' be easily identified and defined. oweer' two items' +ori>ontal clearanceand desi%n speed' warrant some furt+er e8planation and discussion.

o 2a3 ori>ontal Clearance: recoery area clear of unyieldin% ob7ectss+ould be establis+ed for all pro7ects. Criteria from t+e &, $oadside esi%n "uide s+ould betreated as %uidance for settin% indiidual pro7ect or statewide criteria or policies' not as a nationalstandard re=uirin% a desi%n e8ception if not met.

o 2b3 esi%n &peed: esi%n speed is a concept by w+ic+ coordination oft+e arious p+ysical desi%n elements is ac+ieed. esi%n speed +as a si%nificant effect on t+e operationand safety of a +i%+way because it is used to determine arious indiidual desi%n elements wit+ specificdimensions suc+ as stoppin% si%+t distance or +ori>ontal curature. ,+erefore' a 6desi%n speede8ception6 is necessarily an e8ception to indiidual p+ysical desi%n elements and accordin%ly must be

7ustified on t+at basis.

2)3 n a number of instances' a ran%e of specific alues of minimum' ma8imum'and desirable are contained in t+e &, policies and %uides. t is F policy t+at t+e lowest or+i%+est alue of t+e ran%e' w+ic+eer is appropriate' is to be considered as t+e minimum or ma8imumacceptable for desi%n of #& pro7ects.

243 For preentie maintenance pro7ects' no e8ceptions are needed for t+eretention of e8istin% substandard features. n effect' t+e &tate is maintainin% t+e pro7ect as built' and as itwas a%reed upon in t+e pro7ect a%reement. oweer' any new substandard features created' or e8istin%ones made worse' must be coered by an e8ception since suc+ actions in effect c+an%e t+e pro7ect asbuilt.

b# (3aluating (ceptions

213 +en ealuatin% a re=uest for a desi%n e8ception' consideration must be%ien to t+e effect of t+e ariance from t+e desi%n standard on t+e safety and operation of t+e facility andits compatibility wit+ ad7acent sections of roadway. &ince safety en+ancement is an essential element ofany pro7ect desi%n' e8ceptions s+ould not be approed if t+e e8ception would result in de%radin% t+erelatie safety of t+e roadway. &uc+ factors as t+e functional classification of t+e road' t+e amount andc+aracter of t+e traffic' t+e type of pro7ect 2i.e.' new construction' reconstruction' or )$3' and t+e accident+istory s+ould be considered in t+e ealuation. ,+e cost of attainin% full standards and any resultant

impacts on scenic' +istoric or ot+er enironmental features' as well as w+et+er any ot+er futureimproements are pro%rammed s+ould also be ta


6/13

2)3 ne of t+e factors t+at +as a si%nificant influence on t+e appropriate desi%ncriteria is desi%n speed. &ince desi%n speed affects curature' si%+t distance' and ot+er speed relatedfeatures' care must be ta


7/13

2(3 ,+e use of 0.5-inc+ diameter strand in a pretensioned application at a 1.B5-inc+ center-to-center of strand spacin% is allowed?

2)3 eelopment len%t+ for all strand s+all be determined as 1.* times &,e=uation 9-4( 21Bt+ dition3? and

243 +ere strand is debonded 2blan


8/13

f. se durable =uality concrete and proide ade=uate coer oer t+e reinforcin% steel.,+ese points cannot be emp+asi>ed enou%+ for effectie preention of reinforcin% steel corrosion.

%. aluate t+e corrosion performance and ad+esion c+aracteristics of C$ in e8istin%brid%e dec


9/13

preliminary plans for t+is type of structure s+ould be submitted to t+e as+in%ton ead=uarters office atan early date for reiew and possible su%%ested use of an alternate structure type.

14. ;A.1 B.D2( FA9S(+=.? FA9U.( $ B=A.D =F .(&(+ $ FNA9.(!=.T 45- %F. *5)6. s t+e result of t+e u%ust )1' 19A9' falsewor< related brid%e collapse of t+e$oute 19A brid%e oer t+e ;altimore-as+in%ton !ar


10/13

specifications and re=uirements is appropriate to insure t+at cost-effectie desi%ns are not bein%compromised.

b. ,o meet &, &pecifications' it is necessary to ensure t+at ade=uate coer isproided and t+at all dead loads are accounted for in t+e desi%n. ,+e limits of deflection su%%ested by atleast one manufacturer 2D/(40 not to e8ceed )/463 +as been used successfully ' wit+ F approal' in!ennsylania. For desi%n purposes' t+is appears to be a practical limit.

c. esi%ns s+ould incorporate an allowance for t+e wei%+t of t+e form and additionalconcrete 215psf3' wit+ t+e proision t+at if it is e8ceeded' t+e contractor is responsible to s+ow t+at t+eeffects on t+e rest or t+e brid%e are acceptable' or' to proide additional stren%t+enin% if necessary' at noe8pense to t+e owner.

7*# 2uides and .eferences

,+e followin% are citations to publications t+at are primarily informational or %uidance in nature and sereto assist t+e public in


11/13

2153 "uide for ,ransportation Dandscape and nironmental esi%n' &,1991. (G

b. ;rid%es and structures

213 "uidelines for ;rid%e Mana%ement &ystems' &, 199). (G

2(3 Manual for Condition aluation of ;rid%es' &, (000. (G

2)3 "uide for !rotectie &creenin% of erpass &tructures' &, 1990. (G

243 "uide &pecifications for Fracture Critical #on-$edundant &teel ;rid%eMembers' &, 19BA' and amendin% nterim &pecifications - ;rid%es' &, 19A1 t+rou%+ 1990.(G

253 "uide &pecifications for ori>ontally Cured i%+way ;rid%es' &,19A0' and amendin% nterim &pecifications - ;rid%es' &, 19A1 t+rou%+ 199). (G

2*3 "uide &pecifications for luminum i%+way ;rid%es' &, 1991. (G

2B3 "uide &pecifications for &eismic solation esi%n' &, 1999. (G

2A3 "uide &pecifications for t+e esi%n of &tress- Daminated ood ec


12/13

2(03 $ecommendations for &tay Cable esi%n' ,estin% and nstallation' !ost-,ensionin% nstitute (000. 5G

2(13 Model raina%e Manual' &, 1991. (G

2((3 i%+way raina%e "uidelines' Volumes t+rou%+ I' &, 199(' andVolume I' &, 1994. (G

2()3 Manual on &ubsurface nesti%ations' &, 19AA. (G

2(43 &oils and Foundations or


13/13

SPECS In management plan of the ped !idgehttp://www.dot.state.fl.us/specificationsoffice/Estimates/"asisofEstimates/"#E$anual/%iles/&et

ailsandSt!uctu!e.pdf
http://www.dot.state.fl.us/specificationsoffice/Estimates/BasisofEstimates/BOEManual/Files/DetailsandStructure.pdfhttp://www.dot.state.fl.us/specificationsoffice/Estimates/BasisofEstimates/BOEManual/Files/DetailsandStructure.pdfhttp://www.dot.state.fl.us/specificationsoffice/Estimates/BasisofEstimates/BOEManual/Files/DetailsandStructure.pdfhttp://www.dot.state.fl.us/specificationsoffice/Estimates/BasisofEstimates/BOEManual/Files/DetailsandStructure.pdf

Documents

Application of Design Standards