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COMMONLY
O PERATED
M ACHINE
P ARTICULARLY
U S E D f o r
TR A D E
EDUCATION &
R ESEARCH
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A computer chip is a small electronic circuit, also known as an integrated circuit, which is one of the basic components of most kinds of electronic devices,especially computers. Computer chips are small and are made of Semiconductors that is usually composed of silicon.
The semiconductor industry produces many kinds of chips, which go into today'selectronic products. Following are just a few:
Dynamic Random Access Memory chips (DRAMs)
Microprocessors (MPUs)
Digital Signal Processors (DSPs)
Programmable memory chips (EPROMs, EEPROMs.)
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Nanotechnology: The Nano- means billionth.Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional systems at the molecularscale.
Nanochip: is a term referring either to a typical computer chip, which hasfeature sizes measured in nanometers, or some novel computer design basedon "nano technology.
This could enable microchips with terabytes (TB)& further down the line.Improved nano-engineered ferroelectric crystals
could realize a 50-year-old dream of creatingnonvolatile random access memory (NVRAM)
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Areas where Nano technology is used
34%
20%
17%
11%
8%10%
Hybrid Materials
Information Technology
Semi-Conductor
Nano-MAMS
Medical/Health Care
Others
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W ith the Dynamic changes in technology,today s computerhave following features :
Speed Accuracy Less power ConsumptionMemory Size/BandwidthReliability Programmability Low CostPortability Scalability
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Op erating System
An operating system is a software program that enables the computerhardware to communicate and operate with the computer software.
y Multi-user - A multi-user operating system allows for multiple users touse the same computer at the same time and/or different times. See our
multi-user dictionary definition for a complete definition for acomplete definition.y Multitasking - An operating system that is capable of allowing
multiple software processes to run at the same time.
y Multiprocessing - An operating system capable of supporting andutilizing more than one computer processor.
y Multithreading - O perating systems that allow different parts of asoftware program to run concurrently.
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Typ es of Com p uting
Computing Type Definition Applications
Nomadic Computing
It refer to limited migration within a building at apedestrian speed whichInterleaved pattern of userrelocation and indoor
Connections.
Users carrying laptop withDIAL-UP modems.
Mobile Computing
It requires wireless n/w tosupport outdoor mobility &handoff from one n/w to thenext at a pedestrian
or vehicular speed.
Traveler in car using laptopconnected with aGSM phone.
Ubiquitous Computing
It refers to access tocomputer network all thetime at any location by any person.
O ne person, many Computing
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R elationshi p s: Nomadic-Mobile-Ubiquitous
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Cloud computingIt is a paradigm of computing in whichdynamically scalable and often virtualized resourcesare provided as a service over the Internet.
Users need not have knowledge of, expertise in, orcontrolover the technology infrastructure in the "cloud" thatsupports them.
Hybrid Computing.H ybrid computing is the strategy of deploying multipletypes of processing elements within a single workflow, and allowing each to perform the tasks to which it is bestsuited.
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APPLICAT IONSAPPLICAT IONS
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S.No Areas Application Benefits
05. AgricultureO
rientation to biotechnology & agriscienceGenetic Engineering
New Research in
Crop seeds & fertilizers
06 Defense Flight dynamic of missiles & air craft Weapon system analysis
Information about RadarsDirect & control
individual weapons
07 Entertainment In moviesSportsSuggest game plan strategies
For entertainment andpleasure-timeProvides live telecast show
08 Weather Weather Forcasting Weather maps & images
Predict future weatherpatternsPrevents mass losses of
life & properties
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S.No Areas Application Benefits
09 e-Business &e-Banking
Telephone banking, creditcards,ATMs , Electronic billspayment.
Money transactions,O nline Shopping
10 Space Designing,Developing,Functioning of projectsregarding satellites.
Enhanced civilian,aviation,spaceapplications.
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THANK YOU....
