Appendix(Safe Diving Distances From Transmitting Sonar)

7/23/2019 Appendix(Safe Diving Distances From Transmitting Sonar)

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APPENDIx 1A – Safe Diving Distances from Transmitting Sonar 1A-1

A P P E N D I X 1 A

afe Diving Distances

from

Transmitting

onar

1A-1 INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this appendix is to provide guidance regarding safe diving

distances and exposure times for divers operating in the vicinity of ships

transmitting with sonar. Table 1A-1 provides guidance for selecting Permissible

Exposure Limits Tables Table 1A-! provides additional guidance for helmeted

divers. Tables 1A-" through 1A-# provide specific procedures for divingoperations involving A$% &'&-!"( -!)( -#"( -#) A$%*&+-1( -! and A$%*''-#

sonars. T able 1A - ) provides procedures for diving operations involving

A$%&''-1,( -"( and -"!. &ection 1A-# provides guidance and precautions

concerning diver exposure to low-freuency sonar /1)-"!02. 3ontact

$A4&EA &upervisor of 5iving /3"*2 for guidance on other sonars. This

appendix has been substantially revised from &afe 5iving 5istances from

Transmitting &onar /$A4&EA6$&T "1#.! &eries2 and should be read in its

entirety.

1A-2 AC!"ROUND

3hapter 17 of 8P$A46$&T #1.!" &eries is the basic instructiongoverning hearing conservation and noise abatement( but it does not address

exposure to waterborne sound. Tables 1A-" through 1A-) are derived from

experimental and theoretical research conducted at the $aval &ubmarine 9edical

:esearch Labora- tory /$&9:L2 and $aval Experimental 5iving ;nit

/$E5;2. This instruction provides field guidance for determining safe diving

distances from transmitting sonar. This instruction supplements 8P$A46$&T

#1.!" &eries( and should be implemented in con<unction with 8P$A46$&T

#1.!" &eries by commands that employ divers.

The &ound Pressure Level /&PL2( not distance( is the determining factor for estab-

lishing a Permissible Exposure Limit /PEL2. The exposure &PLs in Tables 1A-"through 1A-) are based upon the sonar euation and assume omni-directional

sonar and inverse suare law spreading. Any established means may be used to

estimate the &PL at a dive site( and that &PL may be used to determine a PEL.

=hen the exposure level is overestimated( little damage( except to wor>ing

schedules( will result. Any complaints of excessive loudness or ear pain for

divers reuire that corrective action be ta>en. &ection 1A-# provides guidance

for diver exposure to low-freuency active sonar /L?A2( which should be

consulted if exposure to L?A is either suspected or anticipated.

This appendix does not preclude the operation of any sonar in con<unction




with diving operations( especially under operationally compelling conditions. 6t is

based upon occupational safety and health considerations that should be

implemented for



routine diving operations. 6t should be applied <udiciously under special

operational circumstances. The guidance in Tables 1A-" through 1A-) is intended

to facilitate the successful integration of operations.

1A-# ACTION

3ommanding 8fficers or &enior 8fficers Present Afloat are to ensure that divingand sonar operations are integrated using the guidance given by this appendix.

Appropriate procedures are to be established within each command to effect coor-

dination among units( implement safety considerations( and provide efficient

operations using the guidance in Tables 1A-" though 1A-).

1A-$ SONAR DI%IN" DISTANCES &OR!S'EETS &IT' DIRECTIONS (OR USE

1A-$)1 "enera* Information+Intro,ction) Permissible Exposure Limits /PEL2 in minutes

for exposure of divers to sonar transmissions are given in Tables 1A-" through

1A-).

1A-4 .1 .1 Effects of Ex.osre) Tables 1A-" through 1A-# are divided by horiontal double

lines. Exposure conditions above the double lines should be avoided for routine

operations. As &ound Pressure Level /&PL2 increases above !1# d* for

hooded divers( slight visual-field shifts /probably due to direct stimulation of

the semi- circular canals2( fogging of the face plate( spraying of any water within

the mas>( and other effects may occur. 6n the presence of long sonar pulses /one

second or longer2( depth gauges may become erratic and regulators may tend

to free-flow. 5ivers at $aval &ubmarine 9edical :esearch Laboratory

experiencing these phenomena during controlled research report that while these

effects are unpleasant( they are tolerable. &imilar data are not available for un-

hooded divers but visual- field shifts may occur for these divers at lower levels.

6f divers need to be exposed to such conditions( they must be carefully briefedand( if feasible( given short training exposures under carefully controlled

conditions. *ecause the probability of physiological damage increases mar>edly

as sound pressures increase beyond ! d* at any freuency( exposure of

divers above ! d* is prohibited unless full wet suits and hoods are worn.

?ully protected divers /full wet suits and hoods2 must not be exposed to &PLs in

excess of !1# d* at any freuency for any reason.

1A-4 .1 .2 Sit an, 'oo, C/aracteristics) There is some variation in nomenclature and

characteristics of suits and hoods used by divers. The sub<ects who participated

in the $aval &ubmarine 9edical :esearch Laboratory experiments used "%7-inch

nylon-lined neoprene wet suits and hoods. &ubseuent research has shown that

"%1)-inch wet suit hoods provide about the same attenuation as "%7-inch hoods.

0oods should be well fitted and cover the s>ull completely including chee> and

chin areas. The use of wet-suit hoods as underwater ear protection is

strongly recommended.

1A-4 .1 .3 In-&ater 'earing vs) In-"as 'earing) A distinction is made between in-water

hearing and in-gas hearing. 6n-water hearing occurs when the s>ull is directly in

contact with the water( as when the head is bare or covered with a wet-suit hood.



6n-gas hearing occurs when the s>ull is surrounded by gas as in the 9@ !1 diving



helmet. 6n-water hearing occurs by bone conductionsound incident anywhere

on the s>ull is transmitted to the inner ear( bypassing the external and middle ear.

6n-gas hearing occurs in the normal waysound enters the external ear canal

and stimulates the inner ear through the middle ear.

1A-$)2 Directions for Com.*eting t/e Sonar Diving Distances &or0s/eet) ?ollow the

steps listed below to determine Permissible Exposure Limits /PELs2 for the casewhen the actual d* &ound Pressure Level /&PL2 at the dive site is un>nown.

?igure 1A-1 is a wor>sheet for computing the safe diving distance%exposure time.

?igures 1A-! through 1A-# are completed wor>sheets using example

problems. =or> through these example problems before applying the wor>sheet

to your particular situation.

Ste. 1) Diver Dress) 6dentify the type of diving euipmentwet-suit un-hooded wet-suit

hooded helmeted. 3hec> the appropriate entry on step 1 of the wor>sheet.

Ste. 2) Sonar T.es3) 6dentify from the shipBs 3ommanding 8fficer or representative the

type/s2 of sonar that will be transmitting during the period of time the diver is planned to be in the water. Enter the sonar type/s2 in step ! of the wor>sheet.

Ste. #) PE4 Ta5*e Se*ection) ;se the Table 1A-1 to determine which PEL table you will

use for your calculations. ?or swimsuit diving use wet suit un-hooded tables.

3hec> the table used in step " of the wor>sheet.

Table 1A-1. PEL Selection Table .

DI%ER DRESS6

SONAR

A** exce.tAN+S77

-1$8 - #98 -#2

AN+S77

-1$8 -#98 -#2

Un0no:n

Sonar

Wet suit - Un-hooded Table 1A-3 Table 1A-6 Stat at 1!!! "ads and #o$e in todi$e %o#&ot

Wet suit - 'ooded Table 1A-4 Table 1A-6 Stat at 6!! "ads and #o$e in todi$e %o#&ot

'el#eted Table 1A-( No esti%tion Stat at 3!!! "ads and #o$e in todi$e %o#&ot

?or guidance for sonars not addressed by this instruction( contact

$A4&EA /3"!2.

NOTE If t/e t.e of sonar is n0no:n8 start ,iving at ;99–#8999 ar,s8 ,e.en,ingon ,iving e<i.ment se greater ,istance if /e*mete,38 an, move in to*imits of ,iver comfort)

Ste. $) Distance to Sonar) 5etermine the distance /yards2 to the transmitting sonar from

place of diverBs wor>. Enter the range in yards in step , of the wor>sheet.



SONAR SA(E DI%IN" DISTANCE+E=POSURE TI>E &OR!S'EET

1 . Di$e dess) Wet Suit - Un-hooded

Wet Suit - 'ooded'el#eted

2 . T"*e+s, o& sona)

3 . PE Table 1A-3 1A-4 1A-( 1A-6

4 . /an0e+s, to sona +"ads,)

( . Esti#ated SP at an0e+s, in ste* 3 +&o# table%olu#n in ste* 3,)

Remin,er6 If range is 5et:een t:o va*es in t/e ta5*e8 se t/e s/orter range .

If t/e SP4 is measre, at t/e ,ive site8 se t/e measre, va*e)

6 . De*th /edu%tion d

Remin,er ) 9 if not /e*mete,8 see ta5*e in instrctions if /e*mete, .

. oe%ted SP +Ste* ( #inus Ste* 6, 5

. Esti#ated PE at SP +&o# table%olu#n in ste* 3 o& the a**endi,)

7 . Dut" "%le 8no9n) :es +do ste* 7, No +sto*,

Ad;usted PE &o a%tual dut" %"%le

A%tual D < = 1!! C se% . +*ulse len0th se% . +*ulse e*etition*eiod, A%tual D < =

Ad;usted PE = PE +&o# ste* 5, #in . C 2! a%tual dut" %"%le +<, = #in .

PE1 = #inutes PE2 = #inutes

Remin,er6 Do not a,?st t/e PE4 if ,t cc*e is n0no:n)

1! . >ulti*le Sonas) :es +do ste* 1!, No +sto*,

Sona 1) DT1 = +Desied di$e duation,

PE1 = +&o# Ste* 5 o 7? as a**li%able,

DT1PE1 = .



DT1PE1 = .

ND = @ = +This is less than 1 .!? so di$e is a%%e*table and #a" *o%eed .,

Remin,er6 T/e Noise Dose mst not excee, a va*e of 1)9)

(igre 1A-1) Sona Sa&e Di$in0 Distan%eE*osue Ti#e Wosheet .



NOTE If range is 5et:een t:o va*es in t/e ta5*e8 se t/e s/orter range)T/is :i** insre t/at t/e SP4 is not n,erestimate, an, t/at t/e PE4 isconservative)

Ste. @) Estimate, SP4) 6n the PEL selection table /Table 1A-12 determined in step " of

the wor>sheet /?igure 1A-12( locate the diving distance /range2 in the appropriate

sonar euipment column. :ead across to the leftmost column to find the &PL ind*. ?or ranges intermediate to those shown use the shorter range. Enter this &PL

value in step # of the wor>sheet. 6f the &PL value in d* can be determined at the

dive site( enter the measured &PL value in step #.

Ste. ;) 'e*mete, Dive De.t/ Re,ction)

6f the diver dress is not helmeted( enter in step ) of the wor>sheet and go to step

D of these instructions.

0elmeted divers experience reduced sensitivity to sound pressure as depth

increases. The reductions listed in Table 1A-! may be subtracted from the &PLs

for helmeted divers in Table 1A-#. Enter the reduction in step ) of the

wor>sheet. 6f the depth is between two values in the table( use the lesser

reduction since that value will produce a conservative PEL.

Table 1A-2. Depth Reduction Table .

De.t/ (S&3 Re,ction ,3 De.t/ (S&3 Re,ction ,3

7 1 75 6

17 2 132

33 3 1( 5

(! 4 227 7

1 ( 27 1!

Ste. ) Correcte, SP4) The corrected &PL euals the Estimated &PL from step # minus the

reduction in d* from step ). Enter the corrected &PL in step D of the wor>sheet.

Ste. B) PE4 Determination) o to the &PL in the appropriate table and read one column

right to find the PEL for the &PL shown in step D of the wor>sheet. Enter in step 7

of the wor>sheet.

Ste. ) Dt Cc*e+A,?ste, PE4 Ca*c*ation) Tables 1A-" through 1A-) assume atransmit duty cycle of ! percent. 5uty cycle /532 is the percentage of time in a

given period that the water is being insonified /sonar transmitting2. &onar

operators may use various means of computing 53 that are valid for the

purpose of this instruction. 6f the actual duty cycle is different from !

percent( PELs may be extended or shortened proportionally. ;se step F of the

wor>sheet to calculate and enter the corrected PEL.



The formula for duty cycle isG

53 H 1 C Pulse length /sec.2 % Pulse :epetition Period /sec.2

The formula for the ad<usted PEL isG

Ad<usted PEL H PEL C ! % actual duty cycle Equation 1

Example Problem. An un-hooded wet suited diver is 1) yards from an A$%&''-

1, sonar transmitting a # msec pulse /.# seconds2 every 1 seconds.

Solution. The actual duty cycle /532 I isG

Actual 53 I H 1 C .# % 1 H # percent.

Locate the PEL from the table /which is for a !I duty cycle2. 3ompute the

ad<usted PEL asG

;sing wor>sheet step F( Ad<usted PEL H PEL /from step 72 1D C !%#H)7

minutes.

6f variable duty cycles are to be used( select the greatest percent value.

Ste. 19) >*ti.*e Sonar+Noise Dose Ca*c*ation) =hen two or more sonars are operating

simultaneously( or two or more periods of noise exposure of different values

occur( the combined effects must be considered. 6n the following formula( Nd

is the daily noise dose and must not exceed a value of 1.0 ( 5T is the dive

/exposure2 time /left surface to reach surface2( and PEL is the PEL for each

noise exposure condition computed as described aboveG

$5 H 5T1%PEL1 J 5T!%PEL! J .... 5Tn%PELn Equation 2

Note: 5T1%PEL1 is for the first sonar( 5T!%PEL! is for the second sonar( up to the

total number of sonars in use.

To use the wor>sheet( go through the steps 1-F for each sonar( entering the appro-

priate values in each step of the wor>sheet. Enter the PELs into the wor>sheet

step

1. There is room for two sonars in the wor>sheet. 6f more than two are being

used( follow the same format and continue the calculations in the white space at

the end of the wor>sheet.

Example Problem. A hooded wet suited diver is 1 yards from a transmitting

A$% &'&-#"A sonar and a transmitting A$%&'&-!" sonar for fifteen minutes.

Solution.

5T1 H 1# minutes

PEL1 /for &'&-#"A2 H # minutes

5T1%PEL1 H 1#%# H ."



5T! H 1# minutes

PEL! /for &'&-!"2 H !7# minutes

5T!%PEL! H 1#%!7# H .#

$5 H ." J .# H ."#

This is less than 1. and therefore is acceptable.



Example 1: You are planning a routine dive for 160 minute uing !et"uited diver !ithout hood at

a dive ite 1# $ard from an %&'S(("1) onar . The dut$ c$cle for the %&'S(("1) onar i un*no!n

. + thi dive permitted, Provide -utification for $our deciion .


1 . Di$e dess) Wet Suit - Un-hooded X


2 . T"*e+s, o& sona) ANSBB-14

3 . PE Table 1A-3 1A-4 1A-( 1A-6 X

4 . /an0e+s, to sona +"ads,) 1

( . Esti#ated SP at an0e+s, in ste* 3 +&o# table%olu#n in ste* 3,) SP = 175 d

Remin,er6 If range is 5et:een t:o va*es in t/e ta5*e8 se t/e s/orter range. If t/e SP4 is measre, at t/e ,ive site8 se t/e measre, va*e)

6 . De*th /edu%tion ! d


. oe%ted SP +Ste* ( #inus Ste* 6, SP1 175 C ! = 175 d

5 . Esti#ated PE at SP +&o# table%olu#n in ste* 3 o& the a**endi,) PE1 = 1! #inutes

7 . Dut" "%le 8no9n) :es +do ste* 7, No X +sto*, Ad;usted PE &o a%tual dut" %"%le




1! . >ulti*le Sonas) :es +do ste* 1!, No X +sto*,

Sona 1) DT1 = +Desied di$e duation,PE1 = +&o# Ste* 5 o 7? as a**li%able,DT1PE1 = .


PE1 = +&o# Ste* 5 o 7? as a**li%able,DT1PE1 = .



The dive time of 160 minute i permitted becaue the PEL i 1#1 minute .

(igre 1A-2) Sona Sa&e Di$in0 Distan%eE*osue Ti#e Wosheet +o#*leted Ea#*le, .



Example 2: You are planning a routine dive for # minute uing !et"uited diver !ithout hood at a

dive ite !hich i 1000 $ard from an %&'S(("/ onar . The SPL !a meaure at 1 d2 . The dut$

c$cle for the %&'S(S"/ onar i un*no!n . + thi dive permitted, Provide -utification for $our

deciion .


1 . Di$e dess) Wet Suit - Un-hooded X


2 . T"*e+s, o& sona) ANSBS-23

3 . PE Table 1A-3 X 1A-4 1A-( 1A-6

4 . /an0e+s, to sona +"ads,) 1!!!

( . Esti#ated SP at an0e+s, in ste* 3 +&o# table%olu#n in ste* 3,) SP = 15( d

Remin,er6 If range is 5et:een t:o va*es in t/e ta5*e8 se t/e s/orter range. If t/e SP4 is measre, at t/e ,ive site8 se t/e measre, va*e)



. oe%ted SP +Ste* ( #inus Ste* 6, SP1 15( C ! = 15( d

5 . Esti#ated PE at SP +&o# table%olu#n in ste* 3 o& the a**endi,) PE1 = 1! #inutes











Remin,er6 T/e Noise Dose mst not excee, a va*e of 1)9) .

The dive time of # minute i permitted becaue the PEL i 1#0 minute .

(igre 1A-#) Sona Sa&e Di$in0 Distan%eE*osue Ti#e Wosheet +o#*leted Ea#*le, .



Exam.*e #6 You are planning a 3 f! dive for minute uing the 45 /1 at a dive ite !hich i

000 $ard from an %&'S(S" onar . The dut$ c$cle for the %&'S(S" onar i un*no!n . +

thi dive permitted, Provide -utification for $our deciion .



Wet Suit - 'ooded'el#eted X

2 . T"*e+s, o& sona) ANSBS-(3

3 . PE Table 1A-3 1A-4 1A-( X 1A-6

4 . /an0e+s, to sona +"ads,) 3!!!

( . Esti#ated SP at an0e+s, in ste* 3 +&o# table%olu#n in ste* 3,) SP1 = 151 d

Remin,er6 If range is 5et:een t:o va*es in t/e ta5*e8 se t/e s/orter range)


6 . De*th /edu%tion 6 d


. oe%ted SP +Ste* ( #inus Ste* 6, SP1 151 C 6 = 1( d

5 . Esti#ated PE at SP +&o# table%olu#n in ste* 3 o& the a**endi,) PE1 = (! #inutes


A%tual D < = 1!! C sec. +*ulse len0th se% . +*ulse e*etition*eiod, A%tual D < =






DT1PE1 = .





The dive time of minute i permitted becaue the PEL i 0 minute .

(igre 1A-$) Sona Sa&e Di$in0 Distan%eE*osue Ti#e Wosheet +o#*leted Ea#*le, .




Example 4: You are planning a routine dive for 1/0 minute uing !et"uited diver !ith hood at a dive

ite !hich i /00 $ard from an %&'S(S"% onar and 1/0 $ard from an %&'S(S"/ onar . The

%&' S(S"% onar i tranmitting an 00 mec pule 70 . ec8 ever$ /0 econd . The dut$ c$cle

for the %&'S(S"/ onar i un*no!n . + thi dive permitted, Provide -utification for $our deciion .



Wet Suit - 'ooded X'el#eted

2 . T"*e+s, o& sona) ANSBS-(3A and ANSBS-23

3 . PE Table 1A-3 1A-4 X 1A-( 1A-6

4 . /an0e+s, to sona +"ads,) 2!! +&o# SBS-(3A, 12! +&o# SBS-23,

( . Esti#ated SP at an0e+s, in ste* 3 +&o# table%olu#n in ste* 3,) SP1 = 2!1 SP2 =

176 +*e e#inde? use SP &o 112 "ad an0e,

Remin,er6 If range is 5et:een t:o va*es in t/e ta5*e8 se t/e s/orter range)



Remin,er6 9 if not /e*mete,8 see ta5*e in instrctions if /e*mete,)

. oe%ted SP +Ste* ( #inus Ste* 6, SP1 2!1 C ! = 2!1 d SP2 176 C ! = 176 d

5 . Esti#ated PE at SP +&o# table%olu#n in ste* 3 o& the a**endi,) PE1 = 143 #in PE 2 = 337

#in 7 . Dut" "%le 8no9n) :es X +do ste* 7, No +sto*, Ad;usted PE &o a%tual dut" %"%le

A%tual D < = 1!! C ! .5 se% . +*ulse len0th 2! se% . +*ulse e*etition*eiod, A%tual D < = 4

Ad;usted PE = PE +&o# ste* 5, 143 #in . C 2! a%tual dut" %"%le +<, 4 = 1( #in .

PE1 = 1( #inutes PE2 = 337 #inutes


1! . >ulti*le Sonas) :es X +do ste* 1!, No +sto*,

Sona 1) DT1 = 12! +Desied di$e duation,

PE1 = 1( +&o# Ste* 5 o 7? as a**li%able,DT1PE1 = 12!1( = ! .1 .

Sona 2) DT1 = 12! +Desied di$e duation,

PE1 = 337 +&o# Ste* 5 o 7? as a**li%able,DT1PE1 = 12!337 = .3( .

ND = ! .1 @ ! .3( = ! .(2 +This is less than 1 .!? so di$e is a%%e*table and #a" *o%eed .,


The dive time of 1/0 minute i permitted becaue the &D i le than 1 .0 .

(igre 1A-@) Sona Sa&e Di$in0 Distan%eE*osue Ti#e Wosheet +o#*leted Ea#*le, .



Table 1A-3. 9et Suit :n";ooded .

Permissible Exposure Limit /PEL2 within a !,-hour period for exposure to A$%&'&-!"( -!)( -#"(

-#)( A$%*&+-1( -! and A$%*''-# sonars( including versions and upgrades. Exposure conditions

shown above the double line should be avoided except in cases of compelling operational necessity.

Estimated :anges in yards for given &PL and PEL for sonar.

SP4

,3

PE4

>IN3

S-1

S7S-@#C

77-@

S-2

S7S-2;CxU3

S7S-@#A8 S7S-

@#

S7S-@;U3

S7S-2#

S7S-2;Ax

S7S-2;x8 S7S-2;Cx

S7S-@;

2!! 13 316 224 1 A

177 1( 3(( 2(1 7 % E

175 15 375 252 57 O x

17 21 44 316 1!! I P176 2( (!1 3(( 112 D O

17( 3! (62 375 126 S

174 36 631 44 141 T U

173 42 !5 (!1 1(5 ' R

172 (! 74 (62 15 I E

171 6! 571 631 2!! S

17! 1 1?!!! !5 224

157 5( 1?122 74 2(1

155 1!1 1?2(7 571 252

15 12! 1?413 1?!!! 316

156 143 1?(5( 1?122 3((

15( 1! 1?5 1?2(7 375

154 2!2 1?77( 1?413 44

153 24! 2?237 1?(5( (!1152 25( 2?(12 1?5 (62

151 337 2?515 1?77( 631

15! 4!4 3?162 2?237 !5

17 45! 3?(45 2?(12 74

15 (1 3?751 2?515 571

1 67 4?46 3?162 1?!!!

16 5! (?!12 3?(45 1?122

1( 76! (?623 3?751 1?2(7

All ranges and &PLs are nominal.

K&PL is measured in d*%1 PA at the dive site. To convert &PL for sound levels referenced to mbar(

subtract 1 d* from tabled levels.

/;2 H upgrade



Table 1A-4. 9et Suit ;ooded .


-#)( A$%*&+-1( -!( and A$%*''-# sonar( including versions and upgrades. Exposure conditions



SP4

,3

PE4

>IN3

S-1

S7S-@#C

77-@

S-2

S7S-2;CxU3

S7S-@#A8 S7S-@#

S7S-@;U3

S7S-2#

S7S-2;Ax

S7S-2;x8 S7S-2;Cx

S7S-@;

21( 13 (6 4! 13 A

214 1( 63 4( 14 % E

213 15 1 (! 16 O x

212 21 7 (6 15 I P211 2( 57 63 2! D O

21! 3! 1!! 1 22 S

2!7 36 112 7 2( T U

2!5 42 126 57 25 ' R

2! (! 141 1!! 32 I E

2!6 6! 1(5 112 3( S

2!( 1 15 126 4!2!4 5( 2!! 141 4(

2!3 1!1 224 1(5 (!

2!2 12! 2(1 15 (6

2!1 143 252 2!! 63

2!! 1! 316 224 1

177 2!2 3(( 2(1 7

175 24! 375 252 5717 25( 44 316 1!!

176 337 (!1 3(( 112

17( 4!4 (62 375 126

174 45! 631 44 141

173 (1 !5 (!1 1(5

172 67 74 (62 15

171 5! 571 631 2!!

17! 76! 1?!!! !5 224




/;2 H upgrade



Table 1A-5. ;elmeted .


-#)( A$%*&+-1( -!( and A$%*''-# sonar( including versions and upgrades. Exposure conditions



SP4

,3

PE4

>IN3

S-1

S7S-@#C

77-@

S-2

S7S-2;CxU3

S7S-@#A8 S7S-@#

S7S-@;U3

S7S-2#

S7S-2;Ax

S7S-2;x8 S7S-2;Cx

S7S-@;

153 13 2?237 1?(5( (!1 A

152 1( 2?(12 1?5 (62 % E

151 15 2?515 1?77( 631 O x

15! 21 3?162 2?237 !5 I P17 2( 3?(45 2?(12 74 D O

15 3! 3?751 2?515 571 S

1 36 4?46 3?162 1?!!! T U

16 42 (?!12 3?(45 1?122 ' R

1( (! (?623 3?751 1?2(7 I E

14 6! 6?31! 4?46 1?413 S

13 1 ?!7 (?!12 1?(5(

12 5( ?743 (?623 1?5

11 1!1 5?713 6?31! 1?77(

1! 12! 1!?!!! ?!7 2?237

167 143 11?22! ?743 2?(12

165 1! 12?(57 5?713 2?515

16 2!2 14?12( 1!?!!! 3?162

166 24! 1(?547 11?22! 3?(4516( 25( 1?53 12?(57 3?751

164 337 17?7(3 14?12( 4?46

163 4!4 22?35 1(?547 (?!12

162 45! 2(?117 1?53 (?623

161 (1 25?154 17?7(3 6?31!

16! 67 31?623 22?35 ?!7

1(7 5! 3(?451 2(?117 ?743

1(5 76! 37?511 25?154 5?713




/;2 H upgrade



Table 1A-6. Permiible E<poure Limit 7PEL8 9ithin a /)"hour Period for E<poure to %&'S(("1)= "0=

"/ Sonar .


SP4

,3

&ET SUIT UN-'OODED

PE4

>IN3

Range

ar,s3

2!! 12! 13

177 143 14

175 1! 16

17 2!2 15

176 24! 2!

17( 25( 22

174 337 2(

173 4!4 25

172 45! 32

171 (1 3(17! 67 4!

157 5! 4(

155 76! (!

&ET SUIT 'OODED

SP4 PE4 Range

,3 >IN3 ar,s3

21( 12! 2

214 143 3

213 1! 3

212 2!2 3

211 24! 4

21! 25( 42!7 337 4

2!5 4!4 (

2! 45! 6

2!6 (1 6

2!( 67

2!4 5! 5

2!3 76! 7

5ry suit helmeted diversG no restriction for these sonars. All ranges and &PLs are nominal.





1A-@ "UIDANCE (OR DI%ER ExPOSURE TO 4O&-(RE7UENC SONAR 1;9–#29 '3

6f possible( you should avoid diving in the vicinity of low-freuency sonar /L?&2.

L?& generates a dense( high-energy pulse of sound that can be harmful at higher

power levels. *ecause a variety of sensations may result from exposure to L?&(

it is necessary to inform divers when exposure is li>ely and to brief them

regarding possible effects specifically( that they can expect to hear and feel it.&ensations may include mild diiness or vertigo( s>in tingling( vibratory

sensations in the throat and abdominal fullness. 5ivers should also be briefed

that voice communi- cations are li>ely to be affected by the underwater sound to

the extent that line pulls or other forms of communication may become

necessary. Annoyance and effects on communication are less li>ely when

divers are wearing a hard helmet /9@

!12 diving rig. ?or safe distance guidance( contact $A4&EA /3"2.

Telephone numbers are listed in 4olume 1( Appendix 3.

1A-; "UIDANCE (OR DI%ER E=POSURE TO U4TRASONIC SONAR 2@9 !' AND

"REATER3

The freuencies used in ultrasonic sonars are above the human hearing threshold.

The primary effect of ultrasonic sonar is heating. *ecause the power of ultrasonic

sonar rapidly falls off with distance( a safe operating distance is 1 yards or

greater. 5ive operations may be conducted around this type of sonar provided

that the diver does not stay within the sonarBs focus beam. The diver may

finger touch the transducerBs head momentarily to verify its operation as long

as the sonar is approached from the side.



APPENDIx 1 References 1-1

A P P E N D I X 1

References

References S5?ect

U>EDINST 62!! .1( Sus*ension o& Di$in0 Duin0 Pe0nan%"

U>EDINST 632! .35 lini%al Use o& /e%o#*ession ha#bes &o Non-Di$in0Illnesses) Poli%" &o

>anual o& the >edi%al De*at#ent? Ati%le 1(-66 >edi%al Ea#inations

>IPE/S>AN Ati%le 122! >ilita" Pesonnel >anual

NAEDT/A 1!667- 'os*ital o*s#an 3 2

NAFA P-77! UT on$entional Ins*e%tion and /e*ai Te%hniGues

NAFA P-771 E*edient Unde9ate /e*ai Te%hniGues

NAFA P-772 UT A%ti% H*eations >anual

NA>ED P-(!1! >anual o& Na$al Pe$enti$e >edi%ine

NASEA 1!(6! lt? Se !!34316! o& 2 Se*t !1 UA aniste Duation

NASEA!! ANU?

999 .na$sea .na$" .#ilsea!!%do%anuIdis% .ht#l

AuthoiJed &o Na$" Use

NASEA +SS(21-AA->AN-!1!, U .S . Na$" Di$in0 and >anned '"*ebai% S"ste#Sa&et" eti&i%ation >anual

NASEA Te%hni%al >anual +S!6!!-AA-P/H-!1!, Unde9ate Shi* 'usband" >anual

NASEA Te%hni%al >anual +SS(!!-'8->>H-!1!,>8 3 >HD ! i0ht Wei0ht Di$in0 S"ste# H*eatin0 and>aintenan%e

NASEA Te%hni%al >anual +SS(!!-AW->>>-!1!, >8 6 >HD ! Tans*otable /e%o#*ession ha#be S"ste#H*eatin0 and >aintenan%e

NASEA Te%hni%al >anual +SS6!!-AA->>A-!1!, >8 16 >HD ! H*eatin0 and >aintenan%e

NASEA Te%hni%al >anual +SS6!!-AB->>H-!1!, >8 16 >HD 1 H*eatin0 and >aintenan%e

NASEA Te%hni%al >anual +SS-6!!-A3->>H-!1!, >8 2( >HD 2 UA H*eatin0 and >aintenan%e

NASEA Te%hni%al >anual +S7(72-1->>H-!1!, Fl" A9a" Di$e S"ste# +FADS, III Ai S"ste# H*eatin0 and>aintenan%e

NASEA Te%hni%al >anual +SS7(72-2->>H-!1!, Fl" A9a" Di$e S"ste# +FADS, III >ied Kas S"ste# +F>KS,H*eatin0 and >aintenan%e

NASEA Te%hni%al >anual +S7(72-AN->>H-!1!, E#e0en%" eathin0 S"ste# T"*e I H*eatin0 and>aintenan%e

NASEA Te%hni%al >anual +!735-P-!11-4!1!, Nu%lea Po9eed Sub#aine At#os*hee ontol >anual

NASEA Te%hni%al >anual +S7(72-A:->>H-!2!, >8 ( >HD ! Fl"a9a" /e%o#*ession ha#be +FA/,

NASEA Te%hni%al >anual +SS(!!-1->>H-!1!, Standad Na$" Double-o% /e%o#*ession ha#be S"ste#

NASEA Te%hni%al >anual +S'!!-A2->>-!1!, E#e0en%" '"*ebai% Stet%he H*eations and >aintenan%e

NASEA Te%hni%al >anual +SS(21-AL-P/H-!1!, Kuidan%e &o Di$in0 in onta#inated Wates



Na$al Shi*s Te%hni%al >anual? ha*te 4? ol . 1 +S7!56-'-ST>-!1!,

Weldin0 and Allied Po%esses

Na$al Shi*s Te%hni%al >anual? ha*te 4? ol . 3 +S7!56-'- ST>-!3!,

Kas Fee En0ineein0

Na$al Shi*s Te%hni%al >anual? ha*te 262 +S7!56-'-ST>-!1!,

ubi%atin0 Hils? Keases? S*e%ialt" ubi%ants? andubi%ation S"ste#s

Na$al Shi*s Te%hni%al >anual? ha*te ((! +S7!56-SX-ST>-!1!,

Industial Kases? Keneatin0? 'andlin0? and Stoa0e

NASEA H*eation >aintenan%e Instu%tion +!71!-P-!!1-63!!,

Fl" A9a" Di$in0 S"ste# Filteonsole

NASEA H*eation >aintenan%e Instu%tion +!71!-P-!!1-1(!!,

Fl" A9a" Di$in0 S"ste# Diesel Di$en o#*esso Unit EX 32>HD !? PN (!2!((7

Na$al Sa&et" ente Te%hni%al >anual Kuide to Ete#e old Weathe

NASEA Te%hni%al >anual +S!3!!-A(->AN-!1!, Pola H*eations >anual

H&&i%e o& Na$al /esea%h Te%hni%al >anual Kuide to Pola Di$in0

AST> K-55-7! Standad Kuide &o Desi0nin0 S"ste#s &o H"0en Se$i%e

AST> K-63-72 Standad Kuide &o E$aluatin0 Non#etalli% >ateials &o H"0en Se$i%e

AST> K-74-72 Standad Kuide &o E$aluatin0 >etals &o H"0en Se$i%e

FED SPE -A-1!34 Di$eMs o#*essed Ai eathin0 Standad

FED SPE A-A-(7(!3 o#*essed Nito0en Standad

>I-D -1671 Dete0ents? Keneal Pu*ose +iGuid? Nonioni%,

>I-P/F-221!K H"0en? A$iatos eathin0? iGuid and Kaseous

>I-P/F-24! Po*ellant PessuiJin0 A0ent 'eliu#? T"*e I KaseousKade

>I-STD-435 S%hedule o& Pi*in0? al$es and Fittin0s? and Asso%iated Pi*in0o#*onents &o Sub#aine Se$i%e

>I-STD- S%hedule o& Pi*in0? al$es and Fittin0s? and Asso%iated Pi*in0o#*onents &o Na$al Su&a%e Shi*s

>I-STD-133! leanin0 and Testin0 o& Shi*boad H"0en? and Nito0enS"ste#s 'eliu#? 'eliu# - H"0en

HPNAINST 312! .32 '-1 EGui*#ent Ta0-Hut ill

HPNAINST 31(! .2 Seies Na$" Di$in0 Po0a#

HPNAINST (1!! .17? A**endi A-6 Na$" H%%u*ational Sa&et" and 'ealth +NAHS', Po0a#>anual &o Fo%es A&loat

HPNAINST (1!! .23

Na$" H%%u*ational Sa&et" and 'ealth +NAHS', A&loatPo0a# >anual

HPNAINST (1!2 .1 '-1 >isha* In$esti0ation and /e*otin0

HPNAINST 5!23 .2 '-1 U .S . Na$" E*losi$es Sa&et" Poli%ies? /eGuie#ents? andPo%edues +De*at#ent o& the Na$" E*losi$es Sa&et" Poli%">anual,

HS'A 27 F/ Pat 171! Sub*at T? PK 6-36 o##e%ial Di$in0 H*eations

>I-P/F-1331 ubi%ant +217! TEP,



>I-P/F-162 ubi%ant +213( T',

ANSI-( .1 and SA-76 A#ei%an and anadian Standad o#*essed-Kas "linde al$e Hutlet and Inlet onne%tions

N45 .1 A#ei%an National Standad >ethod o& >ain0 Potableo#*essed-Kas ontaines to Identi&" the >ateial ontained

KA Pa#*hlet - Kuide to the Pe*aation o& Pe%autiona" abelin0 and>ain0 o& o#*essed Kas "lindes



PAKE EFT AN8 INTENTIHNA:



APPENDIx 1C Te*e./one Nm5ers 1C-1

A P P E N D I X 1

Telephone Numbers

Comman, De.artment Te*e./one (ax

Na$al Su&a%e Wa&ae ente -Pana#a it"? Floida +NSW-P,

Di$e i&e Su**ot +Fleet Su**ot

Ai Sa#*lin0

+5(!, 234-4452

DSN) 436-4452

+5(!, 234-4(

U>ED >342 +2!2, 62-3444

National H%eani% and At#os*hei% Ad#inistation +NHAA,

'A>AT +2!6, (26-631 +2!6, (26-6327

Na$al Sea S"ste#s o##and

Die%to

+2!2, 51-XXXX +2!2, 51-4(55

+H>NASEAS:SH>, DSN) 326-XXXX

!! +2!2, 51-!31

!!1 Finan%e +2!2, 51-!645

!!2 Sal$a0e +2!2, 51-236

!!3 Di$in0 +2!2, 51-!734

!!4 eti&i%ation +2!2, 51-!72

!!( 'usband" +2!2, 51-34(3

Na$al Sea S"ste#s o##and ode Dee* Sub#e0en%e S"ste#s +2!2, 51-146

!B eti&i%ation +2!2, 51-1336

NAFA H%ean Fa%ilities Po0a# +ode HFP, +2!2, 433-((76

DSN 255-((76 .

+2!2, 433-225!



PAKE EFT AN8 INTENTIHNA:



APPENDIx 1D 4ist of Acronms 1D-1

A P P E N D I X 1 D

List of acronyms

A*& Acrylonitrile *utadiene &tyrene

A3? Actual 3ubic ?eet

A3?9 Actual 3ubic ?eet per 9inute

A360 American 3onference of overnmental 6ndustrial 0ygienists

A3L& Advanced 3ardiac Life &upport

A5& Advance 5iving &ystem

AE Arterial as Embolism

AL&& Auxiliary Life-&upport &ystem

A9 Amplitude 9odulated

A$; Authoried for $avy ;se List

A'5 Additional 'ualification 5esignator

A:5 Audible :ecall 5evice

A& &ubmarine Tender

A&5& Advanced &EAL 5elivery &ystem

A&:A Air &upply :ac> Assembly

A&9E American &ociety of 9echanical Engineers

ATA Atmosphere Absolute

ATP Ambient Temperature and Pressure

AT& Active Thermal &ystem

*3 *uoyancy 3ompensator

*3L& *asic 3ardiac Life &upport

*6*& *uilt-6n *reathing &ystem



APPENDIx 1D 4ist of Acronms 1D-2

*P9 *reaths per 9inute



*TP& *ody Temperature( Ambient Pressure

*T; *ritish Thermal ;nit

358 3ommand 5uty 8fficer

33T4 3losed-3ircuit Television

3A 3ompressed as Association

3$8 3hief of $aval 8perations

3$& 3entral $ervous &ystem

38$;& 3ontinental ;nited &tates

38&AL 3oordinated &hipboard Allowance

List 3P: 3ardiopulmonary :esuscitation

3:& 3hamber :educing &tation

3&95 3ombat &wimmer 9ultilevel 5ive

3;9A 3anadian ;nderwater 9inecountermeasures

Apparatus 3=5& 3ontaminated =ater 5iving &ystem

5ATP& 5ivers Active Thermal Protection

&ystem 53 5uty 3ycle

53& 5ecompression &ic>ness

553 5ec> 5ecompression 3hamber

55& 5eep 5iving &ystem

55& 5ry 5ec> &helter

509L& 5ivers 0elmet 9ounted Lighting &ystem

5L&E 5iving Life-&upport Euipment

5L&& 5ivers Life &upport &ystem

598 5iving 9edical 8fficer

59& 5ive 9onitoring &ystem



59T 5iving 9edical Technician



58T 5epartment of Transportation

5:& 5ive :eporting &ystem

5&6 5iving &ystems 6nternational

5&9 5iving &ystem 9odule

5&: 5eep &ubmergence :eview roup

5&:4 5eep &ubmergence :escue 4ehicle

5&&P 5eep &ubmergence &ystem Pro<ect

5T 5ive Time or 5escent Time

5T%5 5ive Timer%5epth auge

5;3T& 5ivers ;nderwater 3olor Television &ystem

54 5iver

5P4 5iver Propulsion 4ehicle

EA5 Euivalent Air 5epth

E*A Emergency *reathing Apparatus

E*& 6 Emergency *reathing &ystem 6

E5=& Enhanced 5iver =arning &ystem

EE0& Emergency Evacuation 0yperbaric &tretcher

E& Emergency as &upply

E$T Ear( $ose( and Throat

E85 Explosive 8rdnance 5isposal

EPs Emergency Procedures

E&5& Enclosed &pace 5iving &ystem

E&5T Euivalent &ingle 5ive Time

E&&9 Emergency &hip &alvage 9aterial



?A5& 666 ?lyaway Air 5ive &ystem 666

?A: ?ailure Analysis :eport



APPENDIx 1D 4ist of Acronms 1D-$

?A:33 ?lyaway :ecompression 3hamber

?E5 &PE3 ?ederal &pecifications

??9 ?ull ?ace 9as>

??= ?eet of ?resh =ater

?9& ?lyaway 9ixed-as &ystem

?P9 ?eet per 9inute

?&= ?eet of &ea =ater

?4 ?loodable 4olume

?6 round ?ault 6nterrupter

P9 allons per 9inute

0*8! 0yperbaric 8xygen

08&:A 0elium-8xygen &upply :ac>

Assembly 0P 0igh Pressure

0P$& 0igh Pressure $ervous &yndrome

0&; 0elium &peech ;nscrambler

633P 6mpressed-3urrent 3athodic Protection

654 6ntegrated 5ivers 4est

6L 6nner Loc>

6L& 6ntegrated Logistics &upport

6&63 6mmediate &enior in 3ommand

MA Mudge Advocate eneral

M%L Moules per Liter( ;nit of 9easure for =or> of *reathing

@w0r @ilowatt 0our

L* Left *ottom

L39 Landing 3raft( 9edium



APPENDIx 1D 4ist of Acronms 1D-@

L?A Low ?reuency Acoustic



L?& Low ?reuency &onar

LP Low Pressure

LP9 Liters per 9inute

L& Left &urface

L&& Life &upport &ystem or Life &upport &>id

L=5& Light =eight 5iving &ystem

9*3 9aximal *reathing 3apacity

933 9ain 3ontrol 3onsole

95 9aximum 5epth

95&; 9obile 5iving and &alvage ;nit

954 9aster 5iver

9E?: 9aximum Expiratory ?low :ate

9E4 9anual Exhaust 4alve

9?P 9inimum ?las> Pressure

933A 9ixed-as 3ontrol 3onsole

Assembly 96?: 9aximum 6nspiratory ?low :ate

96L-&T5 9ilitary &tandard

99P 9inimum 9anifold Pressure

9P 9edium Pressure

9:3 9aintenance :euirement 3ard

9&= 9eters of &ea =ater

944 9aximum 4entilatory

4olume $A4E5T:A $aval Education

Training

$A4?A3 $aval ?acilities Engineering 3ommand



$A49E5 $aval 9edical 3ommand

$A4&EA $aval &ea &ystems 3ommand



$5 $oise 5ose

$5&T3 $aval 5iving and &alvage Training 3enter

$E3 $avy Enlisted 3lassification

$E5; $avy Experimental 5iving ;nit

$E;:8 $eurological Examination

$65 $on-6onic 5etergent

$6T:8N $itrogen-8xygen

$9:6 $avy 9edical :esearch 6nstitute

$8AA $ational 8ceanic and Atmospheric

Administration $8-5 $o 5ecompression

$P3 $aval Personnel 3ommand

$:4 $on :eturn 4alve

$&9:L $avy &ubmarine 9edical :esearch Laboratory

$&$ $ational &toc> $umber

$&T9 $aval &hips Technical 9anual or $A4&EA Technical

9anual $&=3-P3$aval &urface =arfare 3enter - Panama 3ity

8O9 8perating and 9aintenance

8*P 8ver *ottom Pressure

83E6 8cean 3onstruction Euipment 6nventory

863 8fficer in 3harge

8MT 8n the Mob Training

8L 8uter Loc>

885 8fficer of the 5ec>

8Ps 8perating Procedures

8&? 8cean &imulation ?acility



8&0A 8ccupational &afety and 0ealth Administration



PEL Permissible Exposure Limit

P9& Planned 9aintenance &ystem

P$& Peripheral $ervous &ystem

PP Partial Pressure

PP38! Partial Pressure 3arbon 5ioxide

PP9 Parts per 9illion

PP8! Partial Pressure 8xygen

P&6 Pounds per &uare 6nch

P&6A Pounds per &uare 6nch Absolute

P&6 Pounds per &uare 6nch auge

P&8* Pre-&urvey 8utline *oo>let

PT3 Personnel Transfer 3apsule

PT& Passive Thermal &ystem

'A 'uality Assurance

:* :eached *ottom

:33 :ecompression 3hamber

:E3 :e-Entry 3ontrol

:94 :espiratory 9inute 4entilation

:$T :esidual $itrogen Time

:84 :emotely 8perated 4ehicle

:' :espiratory 'uotient

:& :eached &urface

:&P :ender &afe Procedure

&A5 &afe Ascent 5epth



&3A &ystem 3ertification Authority

&3? &tandard 3ubic ?eet



&3?9 &tandard 3ubic ?eet per 9inute

&3?: &tandard 3ubic ?eet :euired

&3&3s &ystem 3ertification &urvey 3ards

&3;*A &elf 3ontained ;nderwater *reathing

Apparatus &5:= &onar 5ome :ubber =indow

&5& &aturation 5iving &ystem

&54 &EAL 5elivery 4ehicle

&EAL &ea( Air( and Land

&ET &urface Euivalent Table

&E4 &urface Euivalent /percent or pressure2

&6 &urface 6nterval or &ystem 6nternational

&LE5 &ea Level Euivalent 5epth

&L9 &tandard Liters per 9inute /short version used in formulas2

&LP9 &tandard Liters per 9inute

&$5* &tandard $avy 5ive *oat

&83 &cope of 3ertifications

&PL &ound Pressure Level

&:5:& &ubmarine :escue and 5iver :ecompression &ystem

&&* &ingle &ide *and

&&5& &urface &upplied 5iving &ystem

&TEL &afe Thermal Exposure Limits

&TP &tandard Temperature and Pressure

&TP5 &tandard Temperature and Pressure( 5ry as

&;: 5 &urface 5ecompression



&;: 5 A6: &urface 5ecompression ;sing Air

&;: 5 8! &urface 5ecompression ;sing 8xygen



T-A:& Auxiliary :escue%&alvage &hip

T-AT? ?leet 8cean Tug

T*T Total *ottom Time

T53& Tethered 5iver 3ommunication &ystem

T5T Total 5ecompression Time

TL Transfer Loc>

TL3 Total Lung 3apacity

TL5 Thermal Luminescence 5osimeter

TL4 Threshold Limit 4alues

T9 Technical 9anual

T95E: Technical 9anual 5eficiency

Evaluation :eport T:3 Transportable

:ecompression 3hamber

T:3& Transportable :ecompression 3hamber &ystem

TT5 Total Time of 5ive

;*A ;nderwater *reathing Apparatus

;3T ;nderwater 3onstruction Team

;59 ;nderwater 5ecompression 9onitor

;'3 ;nderwater &ound 3ommunications

;=&0 ;nderwater &hip 0usbandry

4E$T653 4ision Ear $ausea Twitching

6rritability 5iiness 3onvulsions

4TA 4olume Tan> Assembly

445& 4ariable 4olume 5ry &uit

=8* =or> of *reathing

+5T 5iving Tender



Documents

Appendix(Safe Diving Distances From Transmitting Sonar)