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Appendix
Women’s Health Care Competencies for Medical
Students: Taking Steps to include Sex and
Gender Differences in the Curriculum
Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Crofton, MD
c© 2005, http://wheocomp.apgo.org/
225
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Wo
men
’s H
ealt
h C
are
Co
mp
eten
cies
fo
r M
edic
al S
tud
ents
: Ta
kin
g S
tep
s to
In
clu
de
Sex
an
d G
end
er D
iffe
ren
ces
in t
he
Cu
rric
ulu
m
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
A.
Co
mp
are
dif
fere
nce
s in
bio
logic
al fu
nct
ion
s, d
eve
lop
men
t, a
nd
ph
arm
aco
logic
resp
on
se in
male
s an
d f
em
ale
s.
1
.N
orm
al P
hys
ical an
d P
sych
olo
gic
al D
iffe
ren
tiati
on
an
d D
eve
lop
men
t
a.A
sso
ciat
e th
e m
ale
and
fem
ale
emb
ryo
logi
cal
uro
genit
al s
truc
ture
s w
ith t
hei
r ad
ult
coun
terp
arts
.K
no
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F2
bLa
rsen
WJ.
Hum
an e
mb
ryo
logy
. 3rd
ed
. Ser
man
LS
, Po
tter
SS
, Sco
tt W
J, ed
ito
rs.
New
Yo
rk: C
hur
chill
Liv
ings
tone,
20
01
.
Mo
ore
KL,
Dal
ley
AF,
ed
ito
rs. C
linic
ally
ori
ente
d a
nat
om
y. 4
th e
d. P
hila
del
phia
:Li
pp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s, 1
99
9.
Net
ter
FH, H
anse
n JT
. A
tlas
of
hum
an a
nat
om
y. 3
rd e
d. H
anse
n JT
, co
nsu
ltin
ged
ito
r. T
eter
bo
ro, N
J: Ic
on L
earn
ing
Sys
tem
s, 2
00
3.
b.
Co
mp
are
mal
e an
d f
emal
e se
cond
ary
sexu
alch
arac
teri
stic
s an
d t
hei
r d
evel
op
men
t.K
no
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F2
a, 2
bLa
rsen
WJ.
Hum
an e
mb
ryo
logy
. 3rd
ed
. Ser
man
LS
, Po
tter
SS
, Sco
tt W
J, ed
ito
rs.
New
Yo
rk: C
hur
chill
Liv
ings
tone,
20
01
.
Van
der
AJ,
Sher
man
JH
, Luc
iano
DS
. Hum
an p
hys
iolo
gy: t
he
mec
han
ism
s o
f b
od
yfu
nct
ion. 8
th e
d. B
ost
on: M
cGra
w-H
ill, 2
00
1.
c.C
om
par
e ch
ange
s in
the
mal
e an
d f
emal
e ur
oge
nit
altr
acts
fro
m b
irth
thro
ugh s
enes
cence
.K
no
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F2
a, 2
bLa
rsen
WJ.
Hum
an e
mb
ryo
logy
. 3rd
ed
. Ser
man
LS
, Po
tter
SS
, Sco
tt W
J, ed
ito
rs.
New
Yo
rk: C
hur
chill
Liv
ings
tone,
20
01
.
Van
der
AJ,
Sher
man
JH
, Luc
iano
DS
. Hum
an p
hys
iolo
gy: t
he
mec
han
ism
s o
f b
od
yfu
nct
ion. 8
th e
d. B
ost
on: M
cGra
w-H
ill, 2
00
1.
d.
Dis
cuss
the
inte
rrel
atio
nsh
ips
amo
ng
chro
no
logi
cal
age
and
so
cial
and
phys
ical
dev
elo
pm
ent
in m
ales
and
fem
ales
.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F2
a, 2
bB
ongi
ova
nni A
M, e
dit
or.
Ad
ole
scen
t gy
nec
olo
gy: a
gui
de
for
clin
icia
ns.
New
Yo
rk:
Ple
num
Med
ical
Bo
ok
Co
., 1
98
3.
Go
rdo
n S
, Sca
les
P, E
verl
y K
. The
sexu
al a
do
lesc
ent:
co
mm
unic
atin
g w
ith t
eenag
ers
abo
ut s
ex. 2
nd
ed
. No
rth S
citu
ate,
MA
: Dux
bur
y P
ress
, 19
79
.
e.D
escr
ibe
ho
w s
ex c
hro
mo
som
es d
eter
min
e go
nad
alse
x an
d c
om
par
e th
e cl
inic
al m
anife
stat
ions
of
aber
rant
sex
chro
mo
som
e num
ber
or
com
po
siti
on.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F, E
ssay
2a,
2b
Lars
en W
J. H
uman
em
bry
olo
gy. 3
rd e
d. S
erm
an L
S, P
ott
er S
S, S
cott
WJ,
edit
ors
.N
ew Y
ork
: Chur
chill
Liv
ings
tone,
20
01
.
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
etri
cian
s an
d G
ynec
olo
gist
s. A
CO
G E
duc
atio
nal
Bul
leti
nN
umb
er 2
28
. Mat
ernal
ser
um s
cree
nin
g. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts,
Sep
19
96
. Int
J G
ynae
col O
bst
et. 1
99
6D
ec;5
5(3
):2
99
-30
8.
f.D
escr
ibe
the
role
of
and
roge
ns
in t
he
diff
eren
tiat
ion
of
the
uro
genit
al t
ract
.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Lars
en W
J. H
uman
em
bry
olo
gy. 3
rd e
d. S
erm
an L
S, P
ott
er S
S, S
cott
WJ,
edit
ors
.N
ew Y
ork
: Chur
chill
Liv
ings
tone,
20
01
.
Kno
bil
E, N
eill
JD, e
dit
ors
. Ency
clo
ped
ia o
f re
pro
duc
tio
n. S
an D
iego
: Aca
dem
ic P
ress
,1
99
8.
Van
der
AJ,
Sher
man
JH
, Luc
iano
DS
. Hum
an p
hys
iolo
gy: t
he
mec
han
ism
s o
f b
od
yfu
nct
ion. 8
th e
d. B
ost
on: M
cGra
w-H
ill, 2
00
1.
10
Co
mp
. I.
A.
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
A.
Co
mp
are
dif
fere
nce
s in
bio
logic
al fu
nct
ion
s, d
eve
lop
men
t, a
nd
ph
arm
aco
logic
resp
on
se in
male
s an
d f
em
ale
s.
1.
No
rmal P
hys
ical an
d P
sych
olo
gic
al D
iffe
ren
tiati
on
an
d D
eve
lop
men
t
g.D
escr
ibe
the
effe
cts
of
ster
oid
s o
n t
he
bra
in,
incl
udin
g d
iffer
enti
al e
ffec
ts o
n c
ogn
itio
n a
nd
beh
avio
r.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF,
Ess
ay2
bLa
rsen
WJ.
Hum
an e
mb
ryo
logy
. 3rd
ed
. Ser
man
LS
, Po
tter
SS
, Sco
tt W
J, ed
ito
rs.
New
Yo
rk: C
hur
chill
Liv
ings
tone,
20
01
.
Kan
del
ER
, Sch
war
tz JH
, Jes
sell
TM
, ed
ito
rs. P
rinci
ple
s o
f neu
ral s
cien
ce. 4
th e
d. N
ewY
ork
: McG
raw
-Hill
, Hea
lth P
rofe
ssio
ns
Div
isio
n, 2
00
0.
Will
iam
s R
H, L
arse
n P
R. W
illia
ms
text
bo
ok
of
end
ocr
ino
logy
. 10
th e
d. P
hila
del
phia
:S
aund
ers,
20
03
.
h.
Des
crib
e th
e ef
fect
of
sex
ho
rmo
nes
on p
rod
ucti
on
of
sex
ho
rmo
ne
bin
din
g gl
ob
ulin
.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Will
iam
s R
H, L
arse
n P
R. W
illia
ms
text
bo
ok
of
end
ocr
ino
logy
. 10
th e
d. P
hila
del
phia
:S
aund
ers,
20
03
.
2.A
nato
mic
Dif
fere
nce
s in
th
e A
du
lt
a.D
escr
ibe
the
stru
ctur
e o
f th
e m
amm
ary
glan
d,
incl
udin
g ly
mp
hat
ic d
rain
age
and
chan
ges
that
occ
urd
urin
g p
uber
ty, t
he
men
stru
al c
ycle
, pre
gnan
cy, a
nd
lact
atio
n.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
Sim
ulat
ions
2b
Mo
ore
KL,
Dal
ley
AF,
ed
ito
rs. C
linic
ally
ori
ente
d a
nat
om
y. 4
th e
d. P
hila
del
phia
:Li
pp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s, 1
99
9.
Net
ter
FH, H
anse
n JT
. Atl
as o
f hum
an a
nat
om
y. 3
rd e
d. H
anse
n JT
, co
nsu
ltin
ged
ito
r. T
eter
bo
ro, N
J: Ic
on L
earn
ing
Sys
tem
s, 2
00
3.
Yo
ung
B, H
eath
JW
. Whea
ter'
s fu
nct
ional
his
tolo
gy: a
tex
t an
d c
olo
ur a
tlas
. 4th
ed
.Ed
inb
urgh
: Chur
chill
Liv
ings
tone,
20
00
.
Junq
ueir
a LC
, Car
nei
ro J. B
asic
his
tolo
gy: t
ext
& a
tlas
. 10
th e
d. N
ew Y
ork
: Lan
geM
edic
al B
oo
ks, M
cGra
w-H
ill M
edic
al P
ublis
hin
g D
ivis
ion, 2
00
3.
b.
Co
mp
are
the
anat
om
ic r
elat
ionsh
ips
and
the
neu
rova
scul
ar s
upp
ly o
f th
e st
ruct
ures
of
the
pel
vis
and
per
ineu
m in
the
fem
ale
and
mal
e.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F,S
imul
atio
ns
2a,
2b
Mo
ore
KL,
Dal
ley
AF,
ed
ito
rs. C
linic
ally
ori
ente
d a
nat
om
y. 4
th e
d. P
hila
del
phia
:Li
pp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s, 1
99
9.
Net
ter
FH, H
anse
n JT
. Atl
as o
f hum
an a
nat
om
y. 3
rd e
d. H
anse
n JT
, co
nsu
ltin
ged
ito
r. T
eter
bo
ro, N
J: Ic
on L
earn
ing
Sys
tem
s, 2
00
3.
c.D
escr
ibe
chan
ges
in a
nat
om
y d
urin
g p
regn
ancy
.K
no
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F2
bB
eckm
ann C
RB
, Lin
g FW
, Bar
zansk
y B
M, H
erb
ert
WN
P, L
aub
e D
W. O
bst
etri
cs a
nd
gynec
olo
gy. 4
th e
d. B
alti
mo
re: L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s, 2
00
2.
d.
Co
mp
are
the
stru
ctur
e o
f th
e ab
do
min
al w
all i
nfe
mal
es a
nd
mal
es, i
ncl
udin
g th
e p
ote
nti
al f
or
fasc
ial
def
ects
.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F2
a, 2
bM
oo
re K
L, D
alle
y A
F, e
dit
ors
. Clin
ical
ly o
rien
ted
anat
om
y. 4
th e
d. P
hila
del
phia
:Li
pp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s, 1
99
9.
Net
ter
FH, H
anse
n JT
. Atl
as o
f hum
an a
nat
om
y. 3
rd e
d. H
anse
n JT
, co
nsu
ltin
ged
ito
r. T
eter
bo
ro, N
J: Ic
on L
earn
ing
Sys
tem
s, 2
00
3.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
11
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Wo
men
’s H
ealt
h C
are
Co
mp
eten
cies
fo
r M
edic
al S
tud
ents
: Ta
kin
g S
tep
s to
In
clu
de
Sex
an
d G
end
er D
iffe
ren
ces
in t
he
Cu
rric
ulu
m
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
A.
Co
mp
are
dif
fere
nce
s in
bio
logic
al fu
nct
ion
s, d
eve
lop
men
t, a
nd
ph
arm
aco
logic
resp
on
se in
male
s an
d f
em
ale
s.
2.
An
ato
mic
Dif
fere
nce
s in
th
e A
du
lt
e.C
ontr
ast
the
no
rmal
ran
ge o
f b
od
y m
ass
ind
ex in
fem
ales
and
mal
es.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F2
a, 2
bW
allis
LA
, Kas
per
AS
, ed
ito
rs. T
extb
oo
k o
f w
om
en's
hea
lth. P
hila
del
phia
: Lip
pin
cott
-R
aven
, 19
98
.
Kas
per
DL,
et
al.,
edit
ors
. Har
riso
n's
pri
nci
ple
s o
f in
tern
al m
edic
ine.
16
th e
d. N
ewY
ork
: McG
raw
-Hill
, Med
ical
Pub
. Div
isio
n, 2
00
5.
3.H
orm
on
al V
ari
ati
on
ove
r th
e L
ife S
pan
a.In
terp
ret
the
adre
nal
chan
ges
that
occ
ur d
urin
g a
lifet
ime.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F2
a, 2
bW
illia
ms
RH
, Lar
sen P
R. W
illia
ms
text
bo
ok
of
end
ocr
ino
logy
. 10
th e
d. P
hila
del
phia
:S
aund
ers,
20
03
.
Van
der
AJ,
Sher
man
JH
, Luc
iano
DS
. Hum
an p
hys
iolo
gy: t
he
mec
han
ism
s o
f b
od
yfu
nct
ion. 8
th e
d. B
ost
on: M
cGra
w-H
ill, 2
00
1.
b.
Co
ntr
ast
the
aver
age
age
of
pub
erty
fo
r fe
mal
es a
nd
mal
es.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F2
a, 2
bR
yan K
J, K
istn
er R
W, e
dit
ors
. Kis
tner
's g
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
wo
men
's h
ealt
h. 7
th e
d. S
t.Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
19
99
.
Beh
rman
R, K
liegm
an R
, Jen
son H
B, e
dit
ors
. Nel
son t
extb
oo
k o
f p
edia
tric
s. 1
7th
ed
.P
hila
del
phia
: Sau
nd
ers,
20
04
.
c.C
om
par
e th
e ef
fect
s o
f ho
rmo
nal
chan
ges
atp
uber
ty o
n m
uscl
e m
ass
and
bo
dy
fat
in f
emal
es a
nd
mal
es.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F2
a, 2
bW
illia
ms
RH
, Lar
sen P
R. W
illia
ms
text
bo
ok
of
end
ocr
ino
logy
. 10
th e
d. P
hila
del
phia
:S
aund
ers,
20
03
.
Van
der
AJ,
Sher
man
JH
, Luc
iano
DS
. Hum
an p
hys
iolo
gy: t
he
mec
han
ism
s o
f b
od
yfu
nct
ion. 8
th e
d. B
ost
on: M
cGra
w-H
ill, 2
00
1.
Rya
n K
J, K
istn
er R
W, e
dit
ors
. Kis
tner
's g
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
wo
men
's h
ealt
h. 7
th e
d. S
t.Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
19
99
.
Beh
rman
R, K
liegm
an R
, Jen
son H
B, e
dit
ors
. Nel
son t
extb
oo
k o
f p
edia
tric
s. 1
7th
ed
.P
hila
del
phia
: Sau
nd
ers,
20
04
.
d.
Des
crib
e th
e ac
tiva
tio
n o
f th
e hyp
oth
alam
ic-
pit
uita
ry-o
vari
an a
xis
at p
uber
ty.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Rya
n K
J, K
istn
er R
W, e
dit
ors
. Kis
tner
's g
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
wo
men
's h
ealt
h. 7
th e
d. S
t.Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
19
99
.
Will
iam
s R
H, L
arse
n P
R. W
illia
ms
text
bo
ok
of
end
ocr
ino
logy
. 10
th e
d. P
hila
del
phia
:S
aund
ers,
20
03
.
Van
der
AJ,
Sher
man
JH
, Luc
iano
DS
. Hum
an p
hys
iolo
gy: t
he
mec
han
ism
s o
f b
od
yfu
nct
ion. 8
th e
d. B
ost
on: M
cGra
w-H
ill, 2
00
1.
12
Co
mp
. I.
A.
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
A.
Co
mp
are
dif
fere
nce
s in
bio
logic
al fu
nct
ion
s, d
eve
lop
men
t, a
nd
ph
arm
aco
logic
resp
on
se in
male
s an
d f
em
ale
s.
3.
Ho
rmo
nal V
ari
ati
on
ove
r th
e L
ife S
pan
e.D
escr
ibe
the
end
ocr
ine
chan
ges
that
occ
ur a
tp
uber
ty a
nd
thei
r ef
fect
s o
n t
arge
t o
rgan
s an
dti
ssue
s.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Rya
n K
J, K
istn
er R
W, e
dit
ors
. Kis
tner
's g
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
wo
men
's h
ealt
h. 7
th e
d. S
t.Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
19
99
.
Will
iam
s R
H, L
arse
n P
R. W
illia
ms
text
bo
ok
of
end
ocr
ino
logy
. 10
th e
d. P
hila
del
phia
:S
aund
ers,
20
03
.
Van
der
AJ,
Sher
man
JH
, Luc
iano
DS
. Hum
an p
hys
iolo
gy: t
he
mec
han
ism
s o
f b
od
yfu
nct
ion. 8
th e
d. B
ost
on: M
cGra
w-H
ill, 2
00
1.
4.C
ogn
itio
n a
nd
Beh
avi
or
a.Li
st d
iffer
ence
s in
co
gnit
ive
funct
ions
bet
wee
nfe
mal
es a
nd
mal
es.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Kan
del
ER
, Sch
war
tz JH
, Jes
sell
TM
, ed
ito
rs. P
rinci
ple
s o
f neu
ral s
cien
ce. 4
th e
d. N
ewY
ork
: McG
raw
-Hill
, Hea
lth P
rofe
ssio
ns
Div
isio
n, 2
00
0.
Inst
itut
e o
f M
edic
ine
(U.S
.); C
om
mit
tee
on U
nd
erst
and
ing
the
Bio
logy
of
Sex
and
Gen
der
Diff
eren
ces.
Exp
lori
ng
the
bio
logi
cal c
ontr
ibut
ions
to h
uman
hea
lth: d
oes
sex
mat
ter?
Wiz
eman
n T
M, P
ard
ue M
L, e
dit
ors
. Was
hin
gto
n, D
C: N
atio
nal
Aca
dem
ies
Pre
ss, 2
00
1.
b.
Des
crib
e th
e b
iolo
gica
l bas
is o
f b
ehav
iora
ld
iffer
ence
s in
fem
ales
and
mal
es.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF,
Ess
ay2
bK
and
el E
R, S
chw
artz
JH
, Jes
sell
TM
, ed
ito
rs. P
rinci
ple
s o
f neu
ral s
cien
ce. 4
th e
d. N
ewY
ork
: McG
raw
-Hill
, Hea
lth P
rofe
ssio
ns
Div
isio
n, 2
00
0.
Inst
itut
e o
f M
edic
ine
(U.S
.); C
om
mit
tee
on U
nd
erst
and
ing
the
Bio
logy
of
Sex
and
Gen
der
Diff
eren
ces.
Exp
lori
ng
the
bio
logi
cal c
ontr
ibut
ions
to h
uman
hea
lth: d
oes
sex
mat
ter?
Wiz
eman
n T
M, P
ard
ue M
L, e
dit
ors
. Was
hin
gto
n, D
C: N
atio
nal
Aca
dem
ies
Pre
ss, 2
00
1.
5.S
exu
al R
esp
on
se,
Fun
ctio
n,
an
d D
ysfu
nct
ion
a.C
om
par
e an
d c
ontr
ast
sexu
al f
unct
ion in
fem
ales
and
mal
es.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F, E
ssay
2a,
2b
Mau
rice
WL,
Bo
wm
an M
A. S
exua
l med
icin
e in
pri
mar
y ca
re. S
t. L
oui
s: M
osb
y, 1
99
9.
Fran
coeu
r R
T, e
dit
or.
The
inte
rnat
ional
ency
clo
ped
ia o
f se
xual
ity.
New
Yo
rk:
Co
nti
nuu
m, 1
99
7.
b.
Co
mp
are
and
co
ntr
ast
ado
lesc
ent
sexu
alit
y in
fem
ales
and
mal
es.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F, E
ssay
2a,
2b
Mau
rice
WL,
Bo
wm
an M
A. S
exua
l med
icin
e in
pri
mar
y ca
re. S
t. L
oui
s: M
osb
y, 1
99
9.
Per
rin E
C. S
exua
l ori
enta
tio
n in
child
and
ad
ole
scen
t hea
lth c
are.
New
Yo
rk: K
luw
erA
cad
emic
/Ple
num
Pub
lisher
s, 2
00
2.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
13
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Wo
men
’s H
ealt
h C
are
Co
mp
eten
cies
fo
r M
edic
al S
tud
ents
: Ta
kin
g S
tep
s to
In
clu
de
Sex
an
d G
end
er D
iffe
ren
ces
in t
he
Cu
rric
ulu
m
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
A.
Co
mp
are
dif
fere
nce
s in
bio
logic
al fu
nct
ion
s, d
eve
lop
men
t, a
nd
ph
arm
aco
logic
resp
on
se in
male
s an
d f
em
ale
s.
5.
Sexu
al R
esp
on
se,
Fun
ctio
n,
an
d D
ysfu
nct
ion
c.C
om
par
e an
d c
ontr
ast
the
sexu
al r
esp
onse
s o
ffe
mal
es a
nd
mal
es o
f ad
vance
d a
ge.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F, E
ssay
2a,
2b
Mau
rice
WL,
Bo
wm
an M
A. S
exua
l med
icin
e in
pri
mar
y ca
re. S
t. L
oui
s: M
osb
y, 1
99
9.
Hea
th H
BM
, Whit
e I,
edit
ors
. The
chal
lenge
of
sexu
alit
y in
hea
lth c
are.
Oxf
ord
:B
lack
wel
l Sci
ence
, 20
02
.
Win
goo
d G
M, D
iCle
men
te R
J, ed
ito
rs. H
and
bo
ok
of
wo
men
's s
exua
l and
rep
rod
ucti
ve h
ealt
h. N
ew Y
ork
: Klu
wer
Aca
dem
ic/P
lenum
Pub
lisher
s, 2
00
2.
Pea
te I. M
en's
sex
ual h
ealt
h. L
ond
on: W
hur
r, 2
00
3.
And
rew
s G
, ed
ito
r. W
om
en's
sex
ual h
ealt
h. 2
nd
ed
. Ed
inb
urgh
: Bai
llire
Tin
dal
l,2
00
1.
d.
Dis
cuss
the
diff
eren
ce b
etw
een g
enet
ic s
ex, g
end
erid
enti
ty, s
exua
l ori
enta
tio
n, a
nd
sex
ual b
ehav
ior.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F, E
ssay
2a,
2b
Mau
rice
WL,
Bo
wm
an M
A. S
exua
l med
icin
e in
pri
mar
y ca
re. S
t. L
oui
s: M
osb
y, 1
99
9.
Fran
coeu
r R
T, e
dit
or.
The
inte
rnat
ional
ency
clo
ped
ia o
f se
xual
ity.
New
Yo
rk:
Co
nti
nuu
m, 1
99
7.
Per
rin E
C. S
exua
l ori
enta
tio
n in
child
and
ad
ole
scen
t hea
lth c
are.
New
Yo
rk: K
luw
erA
cad
emic
/Ple
num
Pub
lisher
s, 2
00
2.
Hea
th H
BM
, Whit
e I,
edit
ors
. The
chal
lenge
of
sexu
alit
y in
hea
lth c
are.
Oxf
ord
:B
lack
wel
l Sci
ence
, 20
02
.
e.Ex
pla
in t
he
imp
act
of
genes
, ho
rmo
nes
, and
envi
ronm
ent
on g
end
er id
enti
ficat
ion, s
exua
lo
rien
tati
on, a
nd
sex
ual b
ehav
iors
.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, Es
say
2a,
2b
Mau
rice
WL,
Bo
wm
an M
A. S
exua
l med
icin
e in
pri
mar
y ca
re. S
t. L
oui
s: M
osb
y, 1
99
9.
Fran
coeu
r R
T, e
dit
or.
The
inte
rnat
ional
ency
clo
ped
ia o
f se
xual
ity.
New
Yo
rk:
Co
nti
nuu
m, 1
99
7.
Per
rin E
C. S
exua
l ori
enta
tio
n in
child
and
ad
ole
scen
t hea
lth c
are.
New
Yo
rk: K
luw
erA
cad
emic
/Ple
num
Pub
lisher
s, 2
00
2.
f.D
escr
ibe
the
phys
ical
and
psy
cho
logi
cal c
ause
s o
fse
xual
dys
funct
ions.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Mau
rice
WL,
Bo
wm
an M
A. S
exua
l med
icin
e in
pri
mar
y ca
re. S
t. L
oui
s: M
osb
y, 1
99
9.
Hea
th H
BM
, Whit
e I,
edit
ors
. The
chal
lenge
of
sexu
alit
y in
hea
lth c
are.
Oxf
ord
:B
lack
wel
l Sci
ence
, 20
02
.
Win
goo
d G
M, D
iCle
men
te R
J, ed
ito
rs. H
and
bo
ok
of
wo
men
's s
exua
l and
rep
rod
ucti
ve h
ealt
h. N
ew Y
ork
: Klu
wer
Aca
dem
ic/P
lenum
Pub
lisher
s, 2
00
2.
Pea
te I. M
en's
sex
ual h
ealt
h. L
ond
on: W
hur
r, 2
00
3.
And
rew
s G
, ed
ito
r. W
om
en's
sex
ual h
ealt
h. 2
nd
ed
. Ed
inb
urgh
: Bai
llire
Tin
dal
l,2
00
1.
14
Co
mp
. I.
A.
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
A.
Co
mp
are
dif
fere
nce
s in
bio
logic
al fu
nct
ion
s, d
eve
lop
men
t, a
nd
ph
arm
aco
logic
resp
on
se in
male
s an
d f
em
ale
s.
5.
Sexu
al R
esp
on
se,
Fun
ctio
n,
an
d D
ysfu
nct
ion
g.C
om
par
e se
xual
att
itud
es a
nd
beh
avio
rs in
wo
men
and
men
acr
oss
the
lifes
pan
.K
no
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F, E
ssay
2a,
2b
Mau
rice
WL,
Bo
wm
an M
A. S
exua
l med
icin
e in
pri
mar
y ca
re. S
t. L
oui
s: M
osb
y, 1
99
9.
Fran
coeu
r R
T, e
dit
or.
The
inte
rnat
ional
ency
clo
ped
ia o
f se
xual
ity.
New
Yo
rk:
Co
nti
nuu
m, 1
99
7.
6.R
ep
rod
uct
ion
, C
on
trace
pti
on
, an
d S
teri
liza
tio
n
a.D
escr
ibe
the
phys
iolo
gy o
f th
e hyp
oth
alam
ic-
pit
uita
ry-o
vari
an a
xis
and
the
effe
cts
on t
arge
to
rgan
s an
d t
issu
es.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Van
der
AJ,
Sher
man
JH
, Luc
iano
DS
. Hum
an p
hys
iolo
gy: t
he
mec
han
ism
s o
f b
od
yfu
nct
ion. 8
th e
d. B
ost
on: M
cGra
w-H
ill, 2
00
1.
Kno
bil
E, N
eill
JD, e
dit
ors
. Ency
clo
ped
ia o
f re
pro
duc
tio
n. S
an D
iego
: Aca
dem
ic P
ress
,1
99
8.
Bec
kman
n C
RB
, Lin
g FW
, Bar
zansk
y B
M, H
erb
ert
WN
P, L
aub
e D
W. O
bst
etri
cs a
nd
gynec
olo
gy. 4
th e
d. B
alti
mo
re: L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s, 2
00
2.
b.
Diff
eren
tiat
e b
etw
een o
oge
nes
is a
nd
sper
mat
oge
nes
is.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F2
a, 2
bV
and
er A
J, S
her
man
JH
, Luc
iano
DS
. Hum
an p
hys
iolo
gy: t
he
mec
han
ism
s o
f b
od
yfu
nct
ion. 8
th e
d. B
ost
on: M
cGra
w-H
ill, 2
00
1.
Kno
bil
E, N
eill
JD, e
dit
ors
. Ency
clo
ped
ia o
f re
pro
duc
tio
n. S
an D
iego
: Aca
dem
ic P
ress
,1
99
8.
Yo
ung
B, H
eath
JW
. Whea
ter'
s fu
nct
ional
his
tolo
gy: a
tex
t an
d c
olo
ur a
tlas
. 4th
ed
.Ed
inb
urgh
: Chur
chill
Liv
ings
tone,
20
00
.
Lars
en W
J. H
uman
em
bry
olo
gy. 3
rd e
d. S
erm
an L
S, P
ott
er S
S, S
cott
WJ,
edit
ors
.N
ew Y
ork
: Chur
chill
Liv
ings
tone,
20
01
.
c.D
escr
ibe
the
seq
uence
of
even
ts t
hat
occ
ur d
urin
gfe
rtili
zati
on a
nd
imp
lanta
tio
n.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Van
der
AJ,
Sher
man
JH
, Luc
iano
DS
. Hum
an p
hys
iolo
gy: t
he
mec
han
ism
s o
f b
od
yfu
nct
ion. 8
th e
d. B
ost
on: M
cGra
w-H
ill, 2
00
1.
Kno
bil
E, N
eill
JD, e
dit
ors
. Ency
clo
ped
ia o
f re
pro
duc
tio
n. S
an D
iego
: Aca
dem
ic P
ress
,1
99
8.
Lars
en W
J. H
uman
em
bry
olo
gy. 3
rd e
d. S
erm
an L
S, P
ott
er S
S, S
cott
WJ,
edit
ors
.N
ew Y
ork
: Chur
chill
Liv
ings
tone,
20
01
.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
15
Wo
men
’s H
ealt
h C
are
Co
mp
eten
cies
fo
r M
edic
al S
tud
ents
: Ta
kin
g S
tep
s to
In
clu
de
Sex
an
d G
end
er D
iffe
ren
ces
in t
he
Cu
rric
ulu
m
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
A.
Co
mp
are
dif
fere
nce
s in
bio
logic
al fu
nct
ion
s, d
eve
lop
men
t, a
nd
ph
arm
aco
logic
resp
on
se in
male
s an
d f
em
ale
s.
6.
Rep
rod
uct
ion
, C
on
trace
pti
on
, an
d S
teri
liza
tio
n
d.
Des
crib
e th
e p
hys
iolo
gic
even
ts t
hat
occ
ur d
urin
gla
ctat
ion.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Van
der
AJ,
Sher
man
JH
, Luc
iano
DS
. Hum
an p
hys
iolo
gy: t
he
mec
han
ism
s o
f b
od
yfu
nct
ion. 8
th e
d. B
ost
on: M
cGra
w-H
ill, 2
00
1.
Kno
bil
E, N
eill
JD, e
dit
ors
. Ency
clo
ped
ia o
f re
pro
duc
tio
n. S
an D
iego
: Aca
dem
ic P
ress
,1
99
8.
Bec
kman
n C
RB
, Lin
g FW
, Bar
zansk
y B
M, H
erb
ert
WN
P, L
aub
e D
W. O
bst
etri
cs a
nd
gynec
olo
gy. 4
th e
d. B
alti
mo
re: L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s, 2
00
2.
e.D
escr
ibe
the
no
rmal
phys
iolo
gic
chan
ges
that
occ
urd
urin
g p
regn
ancy
.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Bec
kman
n C
RB
, Lin
g FW
, Bar
zansk
y B
M, H
erb
ert
WN
P, L
aub
e D
W. O
bst
etri
cs a
nd
gynec
olo
gy. 4
th e
d. B
alti
mo
re: L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s, 2
00
2.
f.Li
st c
ontr
acep
tive
met
ho
ds
and
the
bas
is o
f ac
tio
nfo
r ea
ch.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Sp
ero
ff L
, Dar
ney
PD
. A c
linic
al g
uid
e fo
r co
ntr
acep
tio
n. 3
rd e
d. P
hila
del
phia
:Li
pp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s, 2
00
1.
Bec
kman
n C
RB
, Lin
g FW
, Bar
zansk
y B
M, H
erb
ert
WN
P, L
aub
e D
W. O
bst
etri
cs a
nd
gynec
olo
gy. 4
th e
d. B
alti
mo
re: L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s, 2
00
2.
g.A
sses
s th
e ap
pro
pri
aten
ess
of
diff
eren
t m
etho
ds
of
contr
acep
tio
n f
or
div
erse
pat
ient
po
pul
atio
ns.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F, E
ssay
2a,
2b
, 3b
Sp
ero
ff L
, Dar
ney
PD
. A c
linic
al g
uid
e fo
r co
ntr
acep
tio
n. 3
rd e
d. P
hila
del
phia
:Li
pp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s, 2
00
1.
Bec
kman
n C
RB
, Lin
g FW
, Bar
zansk
y B
M, H
erb
ert
WN
P, L
aub
e D
W. O
bst
etri
cs a
nd
gynec
olo
gy. 4
th e
d. B
alti
mo
re: L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s, 2
00
2.
h.
Des
crib
e th
e b
enef
its
and
ris
ks o
f fe
mal
e an
d m
ale
surg
ical
ste
riliz
atio
n.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF,
Ess
ay2
bS
per
off
L, D
arney
PD
. A c
linic
al g
uid
e fo
r co
ntr
acep
tio
n. 3
rd e
d. P
hila
del
phia
:Li
pp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s, 2
00
1.
Bec
kman
n C
RB
, Lin
g FW
, Bar
zansk
y B
M, H
erb
ert
WN
P, L
aub
e D
W. O
bst
etri
cs a
nd
gynec
olo
gy. 4
th e
d. B
alti
mo
re: L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s, 2
00
2.
7.P
harm
aco
logy
a.D
escr
ibe
the
gener
al s
eque
nce
of
ster
oid
oge
nic
pat
hw
ays
and
the
clin
ical
man
ifest
atio
ns
of
enzy
mat
ic d
efec
ts.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Har
dm
an JG
, Lim
bir
d L
E, e
dit
ors
; Go
od
man
Gilm
an A
, co
nsu
ltin
g ed
ito
r. G
oo
dm
an &
Gilm
an's
the
phar
mac
olo
gica
l bas
is o
f th
erap
euti
cs. 1
0th
ed
. New
Yo
rk: M
cGra
w-H
illM
edic
al P
ub. D
ivis
ion, 2
00
1.
Nel
son D
L. L
ehnin
ger
pri
nci
ple
s o
f b
ioch
emis
try.
4th
ed
. New
Yo
rk: W
H F
reem
an,
20
05
.
b.
Pre
dic
t si
de
effe
cts
of
estr
oge
n, p
roge
ster
one,
and
and
roge
n d
rugs
in f
emal
es a
nd
thei
r o
ffsp
ring.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F2
a, 2
bH
ard
man
JG
, Lim
bir
d L
E, e
dit
ors
; Go
od
man
Gilm
an A
, co
nsu
ltin
g ed
ito
r. G
oo
dm
an &
Gilm
an's
the
phar
mac
olo
gica
l bas
is o
f th
erap
euti
cs. 1
0th
ed
. New
Yo
rk: M
cGra
w-H
illM
edic
al P
ub. D
ivis
ion, 2
00
1.
Cen
ters
fo
r D
isea
se C
ontr
ol a
nd
Pre
venti
on. D
ES U
pd
ate:
Hea
lth C
are
Pro
vid
ers
-R
eso
urce
s an
d E
duc
atio
nal
To
ols
[ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
].
Atl
anta
: Cen
ters
fo
rD
isea
se C
ontr
ol a
nd
Pre
venti
on [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct 2
0].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
:htt
p:/
/ww
w.c
dc.
gov/
des
/hcp
/res
our
ces/
ind
ex.h
tml.
16
Co
mp
. I.
A.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
A.
Co
mp
are
dif
fere
nce
s in
bio
logic
al fu
nct
ion
s, d
eve
lop
men
t, a
nd
ph
arm
aco
logic
resp
on
se in
male
s an
d f
em
ale
s.
7.
Ph
arm
aco
logy
c.Id
enti
fy t
he
effe
cts
of
vari
ous
dru
gs, b
oth
ther
apeu
tic
and
illic
it, o
n t
he
fem
ale
rep
rod
ucti
veo
rgan
s.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Har
dm
an JG
, Lim
bir
d L
E, e
dit
ors
; Go
od
man
Gilm
an A
, co
nsu
ltin
g ed
ito
r. G
oo
dm
an &
Gilm
an's
the
phar
mac
olo
gica
l bas
is o
f th
erap
euti
cs. 1
0th
ed
. New
Yo
rk: M
cGra
w-H
illM
edic
al P
ub. D
ivis
ion, 2
00
1.
d.
Des
crib
e ho
w s
ex d
iffer
ence
s in
dru
g m
etab
olis
man
d c
lear
ance
aff
ect
the
risk
of
toxi
city
and
add
icti
on.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2a,
2b
Har
dm
an JG
, Lim
bir
d L
E, e
dit
ors
; Go
od
man
Gilm
an A
, co
nsu
ltin
g ed
ito
r. G
oo
dm
an &
Gilm
an's
the
phar
mac
olo
gica
l bas
is o
f th
erap
euti
cs. 1
0th
ed
. New
Yo
rk: M
cGra
w-H
illM
edic
al P
ub. D
ivis
ion, 2
00
1.
Sch
atzb
erg
AF,
Nem
ero
ff C
B, e
dit
ors
. The
Am
eric
an P
sych
iatr
ic P
ublis
hin
g te
xtb
oo
ko
f p
sych
op
har
mac
olo
gy. 3
rd e
d. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Psy
chia
tric
Pub
., 2
00
4.
Gre
enfie
ld S
F, O
'Lea
ry G
. Sex
diff
eren
ces
in s
ubst
ance
use
dis
ord
ers.
Lew
is-H
all F
, et
al.,
edit
ors
. Psy
chia
tric
illn
ess
in w
om
en: e
mer
ging
trea
tmen
ts a
nd
res
earc
h. 1
st e
d.
Was
hin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Psy
chia
tric
Pub
., 2
00
2. p
. 46
7-5
34
.
e.D
escr
ibe
the
effe
cts
of
dru
gs, b
oth
ther
apeu
tic
and
illic
it, o
n f
erti
lity.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Har
dm
an JG
, Lim
bir
d L
E, e
dit
ors
; Go
od
man
Gilm
an A
, co
nsu
ltin
g ed
ito
r. G
oo
dm
an &
Gilm
an's
the
phar
mac
olo
gica
l bas
is o
f th
erap
euti
cs. 1
0th
ed
. New
Yo
rk: M
cGra
w-H
illM
edic
al P
ub. D
ivis
ion, 2
00
1.
f.D
escr
ibe
the
tera
toge
nic
eff
ects
of
bo
th t
her
apeu
tic
and
illic
it d
rugs
.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Hay
es A
W, e
dit
or.
Pri
nci
ple
s an
d m
etho
ds
of
toxi
colo
gy. 4
th e
d. N
ew Y
ork
: Tay
lor
& F
ranci
s, 2
00
1.
g.Id
enti
fy d
rugs
that
nee
d d
osa
ge a
dju
stm
ent
dur
ing
pre
gnan
cy.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Har
dm
an JG
, Lim
bir
d L
E, e
dit
ors
; Go
od
man
Gilm
an A
, co
nsu
ltin
g ed
ito
r. G
oo
dm
an &
Gilm
an's
the
phar
mac
olo
gica
l bas
is o
f th
erap
euti
cs. 1
0th
ed
. New
Yo
rk: M
cGra
w-H
illM
edic
al P
ub. D
ivis
ion, 2
00
1.
Bec
kman
n C
RB
, Lin
g FW
, Bar
zansk
y B
M, H
erb
ert
WN
P, L
aub
e D
W. O
bst
etri
cs a
nd
gynec
olo
gy. 4
th e
d.
Bal
tim
ore
: Lip
pin
cott
Will
iam
s &
Wilk
ins,
20
02
.
h.
Co
ntr
ast
the
resp
onse
to
var
ious
anal
gesi
cs a
nd
anes
thet
ics
in f
emal
es a
nd
mal
es.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2a,
2b
Filli
ngi
m R
B, J
afri
IH
. Pai
n: g
end
er d
iffer
ence
s, p
sych
oso
cial
fac
tors
, and
med
ical
man
agem
ent.
In: W
elner
SL,
Has
elti
ne
F, e
dit
ors
. Wel
ner
's g
uid
e to
the
care
of
wo
men
wit
h d
isab
iliti
es. P
hila
del
phia
: Lip
pin
cott
Will
iam
s &
Wilk
ins,
20
04
. p. 3
57
-7
2.
Inst
itut
e o
f M
edic
ine
(U.S
.); C
om
mit
tee
on U
nd
erst
and
ing
the
Bio
logy
of
Sex
and
Gen
der
Diff
eren
ces.
Exp
lori
ng
the
bio
logi
cal c
ontr
ibut
ions
to h
uman
hea
lth: d
oes
sex
mat
ter?
Wiz
eman
n T
M, P
ard
ue M
L, e
dit
ors
. Was
hin
gto
n, D
C: N
atio
nal
Aca
dem
ies
Pre
ss, 2
00
1.
17
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Wo
men
’s H
ealt
h C
are
Co
mp
eten
cies
fo
r M
edic
al S
tud
ents
: Ta
kin
g S
tep
s to
In
clu
de
Sex
an
d G
end
er D
iffe
ren
ces
in t
he
Cu
rric
ulu
m
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
B.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
that
are
mo
re c
om
mo
n,
mo
re s
eri
ou
s, o
r h
ave
inte
rven
tio
ns
that
are
dif
fere
nt
in w
om
en
.
1.
Gen
era
l
a.D
escr
ibe
the
imp
act
on c
hro
nic
dis
ease
s w
ith
chan
ges
in e
nd
oge
no
us h
orm
ones
at
pub
erty
, dur
ing
the
men
stru
al c
ycle
, and
wit
h m
eno
pau
se.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F, E
ssay
2a,
2b
Bac
kstr
om
T, A
nd
erss
on A
, And
ree
L, B
irzn
iece
V, B
ixo
M, B
jorn
I, e
t al
. Pat
ho
genes
isin
men
stru
al c
ycle
-lin
ked
CN
S d
iso
rder
s. A
nn N
Y A
cad
Sci
. 20
03
Dec
;10
07
:42
-5
3.
Mo
ffat
SD
, Res
nic
k, S
M. G
onad
al s
tero
id in
fluen
ces
on a
dul
t neu
rop
sych
olo
gica
lfu
nct
ion. I
n: L
ewis
-Hal
l F, e
t al
., ed
ito
rs. P
sych
iatr
ic il
lnes
s in
wo
men
: em
ergi
ng
trea
tmen
ts a
nd
res
earc
h. 1
st e
d. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Psy
chia
tric
Pub
., 2
00
2.
p. 4
03
-26
.
Lip
ora
ce J, D
'Ab
reu
A. E
pile
psy
and
wo
men
's h
ealt
h: f
amily
pla
nnin
g, b
one
hea
lth,
men
op
ause
, and
men
stru
al-r
elat
ed s
eizu
res.
May
o C
lin P
roc.
20
03
Ap
r;7
8(4
):4
97
-5
06
.
Johnso
n C
J. H
ead
ache
in w
om
en. P
rim
Car
e. 2
00
4 Jun
;31
(2):
41
7-2
8.
Saf
ar M
E, S
mul
yan H
. Hyp
erte
nsi
on in
wo
men
. Am
J H
yper
tens.
20
04
Jan
;17
(1):
82
-7.
Bak
er L
, Mel
dru
m K
K, W
ang
M, S
anku
la R
, Van
am R
, Rai
esd
ana
A, e
t al
. The
role
of
estr
oge
n in
car
dio
vasc
ular
dis
ease
. J S
urg
Res
. 20
03
Dec
;11
5(2
):3
25
-44
.
Pay
ne
JL. T
he
role
of
estr
oge
n in
mo
od
dis
ord
ers
in w
om
en. I
nt
Rev
Psy
chia
try.
20
03
Aug
;15
(3):
28
0-9
0.
Fels
on D
T, N
evit
t M
C. T
he
effe
cts
of
estr
oge
n o
n o
steo
arth
riti
s. C
urr
Op
inR
heu
mat
ol.
19
98
May
;10
(3):
26
9-7
2.
Hag
gert
y C
L, N
ess
RB
, Kel
sey
S, W
ater
er G
W. T
he
imp
act
of
estr
oge
n a
nd
pro
gest
ero
ne
on a
sthm
a. A
nn A
llerg
y A
sthm
a Im
mun
ol.
20
03
Mar
;90
(3):
28
4-9
1.
18
Co
mp
. I.
B.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
B.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
that
are
mo
re c
om
mo
n,
mo
re s
eri
ou
s, o
r h
ave
inte
rven
tio
ns
that
are
dif
fere
nt
in w
om
en
.
1.
Gen
era
l
b.
Des
crib
e th
e im
pac
t o
f ex
oge
no
us s
tero
ids,
suc
h a
sco
ntr
acep
tive
s an
d h
orm
one
rep
lace
men
t th
erap
y,o
n c
hro
nic
dis
ease
s.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF,
Ess
ay2
a, 2
bA
nd
erso
n G
L, Jud
d H
L, K
aunit
z A
M, B
arad
DH
, Ber
esfo
rd S
A, P
etti
nge
r M
, et
al.
Effe
cts
of
estr
oge
n p
lus
pro
gest
in o
n g
ynec
olo
gic
cance
rs a
nd
ass
oci
ated
dia
gno
stic
pro
ced
ures
: the
Wo
men
's H
ealt
h Init
iati
ve r
and
om
ized
tri
al. J
AM
A. 2
00
3O
ct;2
90
(13
):1
73
9-4
8.
Chle
bo
wsk
i RT
, Hen
dri
x S
L, L
ange
r R
D, S
tefa
nic
k M
L, G
ass
M, L
ane
D, e
t al
. Influ
ence
of
estr
oge
n p
lus
pro
gest
in o
n b
reas
t ca
nce
r an
d m
amm
ogr
aphy
in h
ealt
hy
po
stm
eno
pau
sal w
om
en: t
he
Wo
men
's H
ealt
h Init
iati
ve r
and
om
ized
tri
al. J
AM
A.
20
03
Jun
;28
9(2
4):
32
43
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.
Was
sert
hei
l-S
mo
ller
S, H
end
rix
SL,
Lim
acher
M, H
eiss
G, K
oo
per
ber
g C
, Bai
rd A
, et
al. E
ffec
t o
f es
tro
gen p
lus
pro
gest
in o
n s
tro
ke in
po
stm
eno
pau
sal w
om
en: t
he
Wo
men
's H
ealt
h Init
iati
ve: a
ran
do
miz
ed t
rial
. JA
MA
. 20
03
May
;28
9(2
0):
26
73
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4.
Shum
aker
SA
, Leg
ault
C, R
app
SR
, Thal
L, W
alla
ce R
B, O
cken
e JK
, et
al. E
stro
gen
plu
s p
roge
stin
and
the
inci
den
ce o
f d
emen
tia
and
mild
co
gnit
ive
imp
airm
ent
inp
ost
men
op
ausa
l wo
men
: the
Wo
men
's H
ealt
h Init
iati
ve M
emo
ry S
tud
y: a
rand
om
ized
co
ntr
olle
d t
rial
. JA
MA
. 20
03
May
;28
9(2
0):
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.
Vo
skuh
l RR
. Ho
rmo
ne-
bas
ed t
her
apie
s in
MS
. Int
MS
J. 2
00
3 Jun
;10
(2):
60
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Dev
onsh
ire
V, D
uque
tte
P, D
wo
sh E
, Gui
mo
nd
C. T
he
imm
une
syst
em a
nd
ho
rmo
nes
: rev
iew
and
rel
evan
ce t
o p
regn
ancy
and
co
ntr
acep
tio
n in
wo
men
wit
h M
S.
Int
MS
J. 2
00
3 Jun
;10
(2):
44
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.
Gru
ber
DM
, Sat
or
MO
, Wie
ser
F, W
ord
a C
, Hub
er JC
. Pro
gest
ero
ne
and
neu
rolo
gy.
Gyn
eco
l End
ocr
ino
l. 1
99
9 Jun
;13
Sup
pl 4
:S4
1-5
.
c.D
iscu
ss t
he
imp
act
of
pre
gnan
cy o
n t
he
cour
se o
fch
ronic
med
ical
dis
ord
ers.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F, E
ssay
1d
, 2a,
2b
Cun
nin
gham
FG
, Will
iam
s JW
. Med
ical
and
sur
gica
l co
mp
licat
ions
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regn
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Cun
nin
gham
FG
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illia
ms
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rics
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ew Y
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Bar
ron W
M, L
ind
hei
mer
MD
. Med
ical
dis
ord
ers
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ing
pre
gnan
cy. 3
rd e
d. S
t. L
oui
s:M
osb
y, 2
00
0.
19
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Wo
men
’s H
ealt
h C
are
Co
mp
eten
cies
fo
r M
edic
al S
tud
ents
: Ta
kin
g S
tep
s to
In
clu
de
Sex
an
d G
end
er D
iffe
ren
ces
in t
he
Cu
rric
ulu
m
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
B.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
that
are
mo
re c
om
mo
n,
mo
re s
eri
ou
s, o
r h
ave
inte
rven
tio
ns
that
are
dif
fere
nt
in w
om
en
.
1.
Gen
era
l
d.
Dis
cuss
dis
ord
ers
that
are
uniq
ue t
o, p
rese
nt
diff
eren
tly
dur
ing,
or
are
man
aged
diff
eren
tly
dur
ing
pre
gnan
cy.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F, E
ssay
2a,
2b
Cun
nin
gham
FG
, Will
iam
s JW
. Med
ical
and
sur
gica
l co
mp
licat
ions
in p
regn
ancy
. In:
Cun
nin
gham
FG
, et
al. W
illia
ms
ob
stet
rics
. 21
st e
d. N
ew Y
ork
: McG
raw
-Hill
, 20
01
.p
.11
41
-51
4.
Bar
ron W
M, L
ind
hei
mer
MD
. Med
ical
dis
ord
ers
dur
ing
pre
gnan
cy. 3
rd e
d. S
t. L
oui
s:M
osb
y, 2
00
0.
2.A
uto
imm
un
e D
isease
s
a.Li
st f
acto
rs t
hat
influ
ence
the
dev
elo
pm
ent
and
trea
tmen
t o
f au
toim
mun
e d
isea
se in
wo
men
.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Rus
sell
LA, P
aget
SA
. Im
mun
e sy
stem
hea
lth a
nd
dis
ord
ers
of
wo
men
ove
r th
e lif
ep
has
es. I
n: W
allis
LA
, Kas
per
AS
, ed
ito
rs. T
extb
oo
k o
f w
om
en's
hea
lth. P
hila
del
phia
:Li
pp
inco
tt-R
aven
, 19
98
. p. 4
81
-93
.
b.
List
exa
mp
les
of
auto
imm
une
dis
ease
in w
om
en.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2a,
2b
Lew
is A
lexa
nd
er L
, LaR
osa
JL,
Bad
er H
. New
dim
ensi
ons
in w
om
en's
hea
lth. 2
nd
ed
.S
udb
ury,
MA
: Jo
nes
and
Bar
tlet
t P
ublis
her
s, 2
00
1. p
. 47
2-6
.
Am
eric
an A
uto
imm
une
Rel
ated
Dis
ease
s A
sso
ciat
ion. A
uto
imm
une
Dis
ease
inW
om
en -
The
Fact
s [h
om
epag
e o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Aut
oim
mun
e R
elat
ed D
isea
ses
Ass
oci
atio
n [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct 2
1].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
:htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
ard
a.o
rg/w
om
en.h
tml.
c.D
escr
ibe
a co
unse
ling
stra
tegy
fo
r th
e p
regn
ant
pat
ient
wit
h a
uto
imm
une
dis
ease
.K
no
ws
Ho
wO
ral,
Essa
y1
e, 2
bK
anik
KS
, Wild
er R
L. H
orm
onal
alt
erat
ions
in r
heu
mat
oid
art
hri
tis,
incl
udin
g th
eef
fect
s o
f p
regn
ancy
. Rheu
m D
is C
lin N
ort
h A
m. 2
00
0 N
ov;
26
(4):
80
5-2
3.
d.
Des
crib
e ho
w s
ex h
orm
ones
mo
dul
ate
the
inci
den
ce,
cour
se, a
nd
tre
atm
ent
of
auto
imm
une
dis
ease
s in
wo
men
.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2a,
2b
Chro
uso
s G
P, T
orp
y D
J, G
old
PW
. Inte
ract
ions
bet
wee
n t
he
hyp
oth
alam
ic-p
itui
tary
-ad
renal
axi
s an
d t
he
fem
ale
rep
rod
ucti
ve s
yste
m: c
linic
al im
plic
atio
ns.
Ann Inte
rnM
ed. 1
99
8 A
ug;1
29
(3):
22
9-4
0.
e.Ev
alua
te t
he
nee
d f
or
contr
acep
tio
n a
nd
rec
om
men
dco
ntr
acep
tive
met
ho
ds
for
wo
men
wit
h a
uto
imm
une
dis
ease
.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
c, 1
e, 2
bS
pec
tor
TD
, Ro
man
E, S
ilman
AJ.
The
pill
, par
ity,
and
rheu
mat
oid
art
hri
tis.
Art
hri
tis
Rheu
m. 1
99
0 Jun
; 33
(6):
78
2-9
.
20
Co
mp
. I.
B.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
B.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
that
are
mo
re c
om
mo
n,
mo
re s
eri
ou
s, o
r h
ave
inte
rven
tio
ns
that
are
dif
fere
nt
in w
om
en
.
3.
Bo
ne a
nd
Jo
int
Dis
ease
a.Id
enti
fy p
atte
rns
of
arth
riti
s th
at a
re m
ore
co
mm
on
in, o
r hav
e un
ique
eff
ects
on, w
om
en a
nd
thei
rim
pac
t o
n a
ctiv
itie
s o
f d
aily
livi
ng.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Ach
eso
n L
S, G
oul
der
Ab
elso
n A
. Ost
eoar
thri
tis.
In: R
ose
nfe
ld JA
, Alle
y N
, Ach
eso
nLS
, Ad
mir
e JB
, ed
ito
rs. W
om
en's
hea
lth in
pri
mar
y ca
re. 1
st e
d. B
alti
mo
re: W
illia
ms
&W
ilkin
s, 1
99
7. p
. 85
1-6
1.
Set
on M
. Ap
pro
ach t
o t
he
wo
man
wit
h r
heu
mat
ic d
isea
se. I
n: C
arls
on K
J, Ei
senst
atS
A, e
dit
ors
. Pri
mar
y ca
re o
f w
om
en. 2
nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 2
52
-7.
Shm
erlin
g R
H, L
iang
MH
. Art
hra
lgia
s, f
ibro
mya
lgia
, and
Ray
nau
d's
syn
dro
me.
In:
Car
lso
n K
J, Ei
senst
at S
A, e
dit
ors
. Pri
mar
y ca
re o
f w
om
en. 2
nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 2
58
-66
.
And
erso
n R
J. O
steo
arth
riti
s. In: C
arls
on K
J, Ei
senst
at S
A, e
dit
ors
. Pri
mar
y ca
re o
fw
om
en. 2
nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 2
67
-73
.
Ber
mas
BL.
Rheu
mat
oid
art
hri
tis.
In: C
arls
on K
J, Ei
senst
at S
A, e
dit
ors
. Pri
mar
y ca
reo
f w
om
en. 2
nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 2
82
-8.
b.
List
ris
k fa
cto
rs f
or
frac
ture
s in
wo
men
acr
oss
age
gro
ups.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Nat
ional
Ost
eop
oro
sis
Foun
dat
ion [
ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C:
Nat
ional
Ost
eop
oro
sis
Foun
dat
ion [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct 2
1].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
:htt
p:/
/ww
w.n
of.o
rg.
U.S
. Pre
venti
ve S
ervi
ces
Tas
k Fo
rce.
Ost
eop
oro
sis
- S
cree
nin
g [r
eco
mm
end
atio
ns
on
the
Inte
rnet
]. R
ock
ville
, MD
: Age
ncy
fo
r H
ealt
hca
re R
esea
rch a
nd
Qua
lity
[cit
ed2
00
4 O
ct 2
1].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
: htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
hrq
.go
v/cl
inic
/usp
stf/
usp
sost
e.htm
.
Dug
an S
A. S
po
rts
inju
ries
. In: C
arls
on K
J, Ei
senst
at S
A, e
dit
ors
. Pri
mar
y ca
re o
fw
om
en. 2
nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 3
01
-7.
Zill
mer
DA
. Do
mes
tic
vio
lence
: the
role
of
the
ort
ho
pae
dic
sur
geo
n in
iden
tific
atio
nan
d t
reat
men
t. J A
m A
cad
Ort
ho
p S
urg.
20
00
Mar
-Ap
r;8
(2):
91
-6.
c.D
escr
ibe
the
rela
tio
nsh
ip b
etw
een e
xerc
ise,
men
stru
al c
ycle
, and
mus
culo
skel
etal
hea
lth.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF,
Ess
ay2
a, 2
bH
ale
DB
, Hal
e R
W. E
xerc
ise.
In: S
eltz
er V
L, P
ears
e W
H, e
dit
ors
. Wo
men
's p
rim
ary
hea
lth c
are:
off
ice
pra
ctic
e an
d p
roce
dur
es. 2
nd
ed
. New
Yo
rk: M
cGra
w-H
ill, 2
00
0.
p. 9
9-1
04
.
d.
Iden
tify
the
rela
tio
nsh
ip b
etw
een s
ho
e d
esig
n a
nd
dev
elo
pm
ent
of
foo
t d
efo
rmit
y an
d b
ack
pai
n.
Kno
ws
MC
Q2
a, 2
bLi
llich
JS
, Bax
ter
DE.
Bun
ionec
tom
ies
and
rel
ated
sur
gery
in t
he
elit
e fe
mal
e m
idd
le-
dis
tance
and
mar
atho
n r
unner
. Am
J S
po
rts
Med
. 19
86
No
v;1
4(6
):4
91
-3.
Tei
tz C
C. T
he
fem
ale
athle
te. 1
st e
d. R
ose
mo
nt,
IL:
Am
eric
an A
cad
emy
of
Ort
ho
pae
dic
Sur
geo
ns,
19
97
. p. 6
3-7
3.
21
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
B.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
that
are
mo
re c
om
mo
n,
mo
re s
eri
ou
s, o
r h
ave
inte
rven
tio
ns
that
are
dif
fere
nt
in w
om
en
.
4.
Ost
eo
po
rosi
s
a.D
escr
ibe
sex
and
gen
der
diff
eren
ces
in r
isk
fact
ors
,p
rese
nta
tio
n, a
nd
man
agem
ent
of
ost
eop
oro
sis.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF,
Ess
ay1
d, 2
bS
lovi
k D
M. O
steo
po
rosi
s. In: C
arls
on K
J, Ei
senst
at S
A, e
dit
ors
. Pri
mar
y ca
re o
fw
om
en. 2
nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 8
0-9
.
Johnso
n B
E. O
steo
po
rosi
s. In: J
ohnso
n B
E, e
t al
., ed
ito
rs. W
om
en's
hea
lth c
are
han
db
oo
k. 2
nd
ed
. Phila
del
phia
: Han
ley
& B
elfu
s, 2
00
0. p
. 43
2-4
2.
Nat
ional
Ost
eop
oro
sis
Foun
dat
ion [
ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C:
Nat
ional
Ost
eop
oro
sis
Foun
dat
ion [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct 2
1].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
:htt
p:/
/ww
w.n
of.o
rg.
U.S
. Pre
venti
ve S
ervi
ces
Tas
k Fo
rce.
Ost
eop
oro
sis
- S
cree
nin
g [r
eco
mm
end
atio
ns
on
the
Inte
rnet
]. R
ock
ville
, MD
: Age
ncy
fo
r H
ealt
hca
re R
esea
rch a
nd
Qua
lity
[cit
ed2
00
4 O
ct 2
1].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
: htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
hrq
.go
v/cl
inic
/usp
stf/
usp
sost
e.htm
.
5.S
oft
Tis
sue D
iso
rders
a.D
iscu
ss s
oft
tis
sue
inju
ry p
atte
rns
that
are
mo
reco
mm
on a
nd
hav
e d
iffer
ent
trea
tmen
t o
utco
mes
inw
om
en.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F2
a, 2
bG
riff
in L
Y, A
gel J
, Alb
ohm
MJ,
Are
nd
t EA
, Dic
k R
W, G
arre
tt W
E, e
t al
. No
nco
nta
ctan
teri
or
cruc
iate
liga
men
t in
juri
es: r
isk
fact
ors
and
pre
venti
on s
trat
egie
s. J A
m A
cad
Ort
ho
p S
urg.
20
00
May
-Jun
;8(3
):1
41
-50
.
Irel
and
ML,
Nat
tiv
A. T
he
fem
ale
athle
te. P
hila
del
phia
: Sau
nd
ers,
20
02
.
b.
Iden
tify
end
ocr
ine,
occ
upat
ional
, erg
ono
mic
, and
wei
ght
dis
ord
ers
in w
om
en t
hat
aff
ect
ner
vefu
nct
ion.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2a,
2b
Fraz
ier
LM. O
ccup
atio
nal
hea
lth. I
n: R
ose
nfe
ld JA
, Alle
y N
, Ach
eso
n L
S, A
dm
ire
JB,
edit
ors
. Wo
men
's h
ealt
h in
pri
mar
y ca
re. 1
st e
d. B
alti
mo
re: W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s,1
99
7. p
.11
7-4
2.
c.Id
enti
fy s
ex d
iffer
ence
s in
typ
es a
nd
pre
venti
on o
fre
crea
tio
nal
sp
ort
s in
juri
es.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2a,
2b
Irel
and
ML,
Nat
tiv
A. T
he
fem
ale
athle
te. P
hila
del
phia
: Sau
nd
ers,
20
02
.
Hal
e D
B, H
ale
RW
. Exe
rcis
e. In: S
eltz
er V
L, P
ears
e W
H, e
dit
ors
. Wo
men
's p
rim
ary
hea
lth c
are:
off
ice
pra
ctic
e an
d p
roce
dur
es. 2
nd
ed
. New
Yo
rk: M
cGra
w-H
ill, 2
00
0.
p. 9
9-1
04
.
22
Co
mp
. I.
B.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
B.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
that
are
mo
re c
om
mo
n,
mo
re s
eri
ou
s, o
r h
ave
inte
rven
tio
ns
that
are
dif
fere
nt
in w
om
en
.
5.
So
ft T
issu
e D
iso
rders
d.
Iden
tify
fac
tors
that
ad
vers
ely
affe
ct f
itnes
s an
dfu
nct
ional
cap
acit
y in
wo
men
acr
oss
the
lifes
pan
.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2a,
2b
Nat
ional
Ost
eop
oro
sis
Foun
dat
ion [
ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C:
Nat
ional
Ost
eop
oro
sis
Foun
dat
ion [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct 2
1].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
:htt
p:/
/ww
w.n
of.o
rg.
Gri
ffin
LY
, Age
l J, A
lbo
hm
MJ,
Are
nd
t EA
, Dic
k R
W, G
arre
tt W
E, e
t al
. No
nco
nta
ctan
teri
or
cruc
iate
liga
men
t in
juri
es: r
isk
fact
ors
and
pre
venti
on s
trat
egie
s. J A
m A
cad
Ort
ho
p S
urg.
20
00
May
-Jun
;8(3
):1
41
-50
.
Zill
mer
DA
. Do
mes
tic
vio
lence
: the
role
of
the
ort
ho
pae
dic
sur
geo
n in
iden
tific
atio
nan
d t
reat
men
t. J A
m A
cad
Ort
ho
p S
urg.
20
00
Mar
-Ap
r;8
(2):
91
-6.
Mar
ion G
S. P
reve
nti
ve h
ealt
h c
are
and
med
ical
pro
ble
ms
of
old
er w
om
en. I
n:
Ro
senfe
ld JA
, Alle
y N
, Ach
eso
n L
S, A
dm
ire
JB, e
dit
ors
. Wo
men
's h
ealt
h in
pri
mar
yca
re. 1
st e
d. B
alti
mo
re: W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s, 1
99
7. p
. 80
1-3
1.
Ro
th M
E. P
sych
olo
gica
l iss
ues:
ind
epen
den
ce a
nd
inte
rdep
end
ence
. In: R
ose
nfe
ld JA
,A
lley
N, A
ches
on L
S, A
dm
ire
JB, e
dit
ors
. Wo
men
's h
ealt
h in
pri
mar
y ca
re. 1
st e
d.
Bal
tim
ore
: Will
iam
s &
Wilk
ins,
19
97
. p. 8
33
-50
.
Ham
ilto
n M
A, N
onas
C. N
utri
tio
n a
nd
mai
nta
inin
g a
hea
lthy
wei
ght.
In: S
eltz
er V
L,P
ears
e W
H, e
dit
ors
. Wo
men
's p
rim
ary
hea
lth c
are:
off
ice
pra
ctic
e an
d p
roce
dur
es.
2nd
ed
. New
Yo
rk: M
cGra
w-H
ill, 2
00
0. p
. 83
-98
.
Hal
e D
B, H
ale
RW
. Exe
rcis
e. In: S
eltz
er V
L, P
ears
e W
H, e
dit
ors
. Wo
men
's p
rim
ary
hea
lth c
are:
off
ice
pra
ctic
e an
d p
roce
dur
es. 2
nd
ed
. New
Yo
rk: M
cGra
w-H
ill, 2
00
0.
p. 9
9-1
04
.
23
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Wo
men
’s H
ealt
h C
are
Co
mp
eten
cies
fo
r M
edic
al S
tud
ents
: Ta
kin
g S
tep
s to
In
clu
de
Sex
an
d G
end
er D
iffe
ren
ces
in t
he
Cu
rric
ulu
m
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
B.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
that
are
mo
re c
om
mo
n,
mo
re s
eri
ou
s, o
r h
ave
inte
rven
tio
ns
that
are
dif
fere
nt
in w
om
en
.
5.
So
ft T
issu
e D
iso
rders
e.D
escr
ibe
the
imp
act
of
mus
culo
skel
etal
dis
ord
ers
on
dis
abili
ty a
nd
inst
itut
ional
izat
ion o
f w
om
en, a
nd
the
imp
act
of
op
erat
ive
and
no
n-o
per
ativ
e tr
eatm
ent.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F, E
ssay
2a,
6b
Jaco
bs
Inst
itut
e o
f W
om
en's
Hea
lth; H
enry
J. K
aise
r Fa
mily
Fo
und
atio
n. T
he
wo
men
'shea
lth d
ata
bo
ok:
a p
rofil
e o
f w
om
en's
hea
lth in
the
Unit
ed S
tate
s. 3
rd e
d. M
isra
D,
edit
or.
Was
hin
gto
n, D
C; M
enlo
Par
k, C
A: J
aco
bs
Inst
itut
e o
f W
om
en's
Hea
lth; T
he
Hen
ry J. K
aise
r Fa
mily
Fo
und
atio
n, 2
00
1.
Mar
ion G
S. P
reve
nti
ve h
ealt
h c
are
and
med
ical
pro
ble
ms
of
old
er w
om
en. I
n:
Ro
senfe
ld JA
, Alle
y N
, Ach
eso
n L
S, A
dm
ire
JB, e
dit
ors
. Wo
men
's h
ealt
h in
pri
mar
yca
re. 1
st e
d. B
alti
mo
re: W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s, 1
99
7. p
. 80
1-3
1.
Ro
th M
E. P
sych
olo
gica
l iss
ues:
ind
epen
den
ce a
nd
inte
rdep
end
ence
. In: R
ose
nfe
ld JA
,A
lley
N, A
ches
on L
S, A
dm
ire
JB, e
dit
ors
. Wo
men
's h
ealt
h in
pri
mar
y ca
re. 1
st e
d.
Bal
tim
ore
: Will
iam
s &
Wilk
ins,
19
97
. p. 8
33
-50
.
Ach
eso
n L
S, G
oul
der
Ab
elso
n A
. Ost
eoar
thri
tis.
In: R
ose
nfe
ld JA
, Alle
y N
, Ach
eso
nLS
, Ad
mir
e JB
, ed
ito
rs. W
om
en's
hea
lth in
pri
mar
y ca
re. 1
st e
d. B
alti
mo
re: W
illia
ms
&W
ilkin
s, 1
99
7. p
. 85
1-6
1.
Set
on M
. Ap
pro
ach t
o t
he
wo
men
wit
h r
heu
mat
ic d
isea
se. I
n: C
arls
on K
J, Ei
senst
atS
A, e
dit
ors
. Pri
mar
y ca
re o
f w
om
en. 2
nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
M
osb
y, 2
00
2. p
. 25
2-7
.
Shm
erlin
g R
H, L
iang
MH
. Art
hra
lgia
s, f
ibro
mya
lgia
, and
Ray
nau
d's
syn
dro
me.
In:
Car
lso
n K
J, Ei
senst
at S
A, e
dit
ors
. Pri
mar
y ca
re o
f w
om
en. 2
nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 2
58
-66
.
And
erso
n R
J. O
steo
arth
riti
s. In: C
arls
on K
J, Ei
senst
at S
A, e
dit
ors
. Pri
mar
y ca
re o
fw
om
en. 2
nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 2
67
-73
.
Co
sten
bad
er K
H, K
atz
JN. R
egio
nal
mus
culo
skel
etal
dis
ease
s. In: C
arls
on K
J,Ei
senst
at S
A, e
dit
ors
. Pri
mar
y ca
re o
f w
om
en. 2
nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p.
27
4-8
1.
Ber
mas
BL.
Rheu
mat
oid
art
hri
tis.
In: C
arls
on K
J, Ei
senst
at S
A, e
dit
ors
. Pri
mar
y ca
reo
f w
om
en. 2
nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 2
82
-8.
6.O
ccu
pati
on
al/
En
viro
nm
en
tal H
ealt
h
a.D
escr
ibe
sex
diff
eren
ces
in p
ote
nti
al e
xpo
sure
to
occ
upat
ional
and
envi
ronm
enta
l hea
lth h
azar
ds,
incl
udin
g b
iolo
gica
l, p
hys
ical
, and
chem
ical
exp
osu
res
and
haz
ard
s.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF,
Ess
ay2
a, 2
bLa
Do
u J,
edit
or.
Cur
rent
occ
upat
ional
and
envi
ronm
enta
l med
icin
e. 3
rd e
d. N
ewY
ork
: Lan
ge M
edic
al B
oo
ks/M
cGra
w-H
ill, 2
00
4.
b.
Iden
tify
res
our
ces
for
det
erm
inin
g th
e ri
sks
of
spec
ific
envi
ronm
enta
l and
occ
upat
ional
hea
lth
haz
ard
s.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
LaD
ou
J, ed
ito
r. C
urre
nt
occ
upat
ional
and
envi
ronm
enta
l med
icin
e. 3
rd e
d. N
ewY
ork
: Lan
ge M
edic
al B
oo
ks/M
cGra
w-H
ill, 2
00
4.
24
Co
mp
. I.
B.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
25
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
B.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
that
are
mo
re c
om
mo
n,
mo
re s
eri
ou
s, o
r h
ave
inte
rven
tio
ns
that
are
dif
fere
nt
in w
om
en
.
6.
Occ
up
ati
on
al/
En
viro
nm
en
tal H
ealt
h
c.D
escr
ibe
the
dir
ect
and
ind
irec
t p
hys
ical
and
emo
tio
nal
co
nse
que
nce
s o
f se
xual
har
rass
men
t.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF,
Ess
ay2
b, 5
cLa
Do
u J,
edit
or.
Cur
rent
occ
upat
ional
and
envi
ronm
enta
l med
icin
e. 3
rd e
d. N
ewY
ork
: Lan
ge M
edic
al B
oo
ks/M
cGra
w-H
ill, 2
00
4.
7.B
reast
Dis
ease
(S
ee a
lso
Co
mp
. V
I.2
.(i)
Bre
ast
Can
cer
an
d C
om
p V
I.1
2.g
. B
reast
-feed
ing)
a.D
evel
op
a d
iffer
enti
al d
iagn
osi
s fo
r co
mm
on b
reas
td
isea
ses,
incl
udin
g m
asta
lgia
, pal
pab
le m
asse
s, a
nd
nip
ple
dis
char
ge.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bS
mit
h B
L. B
enig
n b
reas
t d
isea
se. I
n: C
arls
on K
J, Ei
senst
at S
A, e
dit
ors
. Pri
mar
y ca
re o
fw
om
en. 2
nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 4
41
-7.
Vai
l BA
, Pet
erso
n M
. Mas
talg
ia. I
n: J
ohnso
n B
E, e
t al
., ed
ito
rs. W
om
en's
hea
lth c
are
han
db
oo
k. 2
nd
ed
. Phila
del
phia
: Han
ley
& B
elfu
s, 2
00
0. p
. 31
3-5
.
Vai
l BA
, Eb
ber
t D
. Nip
ple
dis
char
ge. I
n: J
ohnso
n B
E, e
t al
., ed
ito
rs. W
om
en's
hea
lth
care
han
db
oo
k. 2
nd
ed
. Phila
del
phia
: Han
ley
& B
elfu
s, 2
00
0. p
. 31
6-2
0.
Vai
l BA
, Pet
erso
n M
. Bre
ast
lum
ps.
In: J
ohnso
n B
E, e
t al
., ed
ito
rs. W
om
en's
hea
lth
care
han
db
oo
k. 2
nd
ed
. Phila
del
phia
: Han
ley
& B
elfu
s, 2
00
0. p
. 32
0-4
.
b.
Des
crib
e th
e o
pti
mal
ap
pro
ach t
o t
he
eval
uati
on
and
man
agem
ent
of
com
mo
n b
reas
t p
rob
lem
s.K
no
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
dS
mit
h B
L. B
enig
n b
reas
t d
isea
se. I
n: C
arls
on K
J, Ei
senst
at S
A, e
dit
ors
. Pri
mar
y ca
re o
fw
om
en. 2
nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 4
41
-7.
Vai
l BA
, Pet
erso
n M
. Mas
talg
ia. I
n: J
ohnso
n B
E, e
t al
., ed
ito
rs. W
om
en's
hea
lth c
are
han
db
oo
k. 2
nd
ed
. Phila
del
phia
: Han
ley
& B
elfu
s, 2
00
0. p
. 31
3-5
.
Vai
l BA
, Eb
ber
t D
. Nip
ple
dis
char
ge. I
n: J
ohnso
n B
E, e
t al
., ed
ito
rs. W
om
en's
hea
lth
care
han
db
oo
k. 2
nd
ed
. Phila
del
phia
: Han
ley
& B
elfu
s, 2
00
0. p
. 31
6-2
0.
Vai
l BA
, Pet
erso
n M
. Bre
ast
lum
ps.
In: J
ohnso
n B
E, e
t al
., ed
ito
rs. W
om
en's
hea
lth
care
han
db
oo
k. 2
nd
ed
. Phila
del
phia
: Han
ley
& B
elfu
s, 2
00
0. p
. 32
0-4
.
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Wo
men
’s H
ealt
h C
are
Co
mp
eten
cies
fo
r M
edic
al S
tud
ents
: Ta
kin
g S
tep
s to
In
clu
de
Sex
an
d G
end
er D
iffe
ren
ces
in t
he
Cu
rric
ulu
m
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
B.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
that
are
mo
re c
om
mo
n,
mo
re s
eri
ou
s, o
r h
ave
inte
rven
tio
ns
that
are
dif
fere
nt
in w
om
en
.
8.
Card
iova
scu
lar
Dis
ease
s
a.C
ontr
ast
sex
diff
eren
ces
in t
he
risk
fac
tors
,sy
mp
tom
s, a
nd
sig
ns
of
ather
osc
lero
tic
card
iova
scul
ar d
isea
se.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F, E
ssay
2a,
2b
Wils
on P
W, D
'Ago
stin
o R
B, L
evy
D, B
elan
ger
AM
, Silb
ersh
atz
H, K
annel
WB
.P
red
icti
on o
f co
ronar
y hea
rt d
isea
se u
sing
risk
fac
tor
cate
gori
es. C
ircu
lati
on. 1
99
8M
ay;9
7(1
8):
18
37
-47
.
Mo
sca
L, G
rund
y S
M, J
udel
son D
, Kin
g K
, Lim
acher
M, O
par
il S
, et
al. G
uid
e to
pre
venti
ve c
ard
iolo
gy f
or
wo
men
. AH
A/A
CC
Sci
enti
fic S
tate
men
t C
onse
nsu
s p
anel
stat
emen
t. C
ircu
lati
on. 1
99
9 M
ay;9
9(1
8):
24
80
-4.
Sm
ith S
C Jr,
Bla
ir S
N, B
ono
w R
O, B
rass
LM
, Cer
que
ira
MD
, Dra
cup
K, e
t al
.A
HA
/AC
C S
cien
tific
Sta
tem
ent:
AH
A/A
CC
gui
del
ines
fo
r p
reve
nti
ng
hea
rt a
ttac
kan
d d
eath
in p
atie
nts
wit
h a
ther
osc
lero
tic
card
iova
scul
ar d
isea
se: 2
00
1 u
pd
ate:
Ast
atem
ent
for
hea
lthca
re p
rofe
ssio
nal
s fr
om
the
Am
eric
an H
eart
Ass
oci
atio
n a
nd
the
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f C
ard
iolo
gy. C
ircu
lati
on. 2
00
1 S
ep;1
04
(13
):1
57
7-9
.
b.
Des
crib
e ap
pro
pri
ate
test
s fo
r as
cert
ainin
g th
ep
rese
nce
of
coro
nar
y ar
tery
dis
ease
in w
om
en.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
1d
, 2b
Zip
es D
P, B
raun
wal
d E
. Bra
unw
ald
's h
eart
dis
ease
: a t
extb
oo
k o
f ca
rdio
vasc
ular
med
icin
e. 7
th e
d. P
hila
del
phia
: W.B
. Sau
nd
ers,
20
05
.
Am
eric
an H
eart
Ass
oci
atio
n [
ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. D
alla
s: A
mer
ican
Hea
rtA
sso
ciat
ion [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct 2
1].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
: htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
mer
ican
hea
rt.o
rg.
c.D
escr
ibe
an a
ge-
and
sex
-sp
ecifi
c ev
alua
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
ent
pla
n f
or
acut
e co
ronar
y sy
nd
rom
e.K
no
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bZ
ipes
DP
, Bra
unw
ald
E. B
raun
wal
d's
hea
rt d
isea
se: a
tex
tbo
ok
of
card
iova
scul
arm
edic
ine.
7th
ed
. Phila
del
phia
: W.B
. Sau
nd
ers,
20
05
.
d.
Des
crib
e se
x an
d g
end
er d
iffer
ence
s in
card
iova
scul
ar m
orb
idit
y an
d m
ort
alit
y.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2a,
2b
Zip
es D
P, B
raun
wal
d E
. Bra
unw
ald
's h
eart
dis
ease
: a t
extb
oo
k o
f ca
rdio
vasc
ular
med
icin
e. 7
th e
d. P
hila
del
phia
: W.B
. Sau
nd
ers,
20
05
.
e.Li
st s
ex a
nd
gen
der
diff
eren
ces
in t
he
etio
logy
and
pre
senta
tio
n o
f hea
rt f
ailu
re.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2a,
2b
Zip
es D
P, B
raun
wal
d E
. Bra
unw
ald
's h
eart
dis
ease
: a t
extb
oo
k o
f ca
rdio
vasc
ular
med
icin
e. 7
th e
d. P
hila
del
phia
: W.B
. Sau
nd
ers,
20
05
.
Mas
oud
i FA
, Hav
ranek
EP
, Sm
ith G
, Fis
h R
H, S
tein
er JF,
Ord
in D
L, e
t al
. Gen
der
, age
,an
d h
eart
fai
lure
wit
h p
rese
rved
left
ven
tric
ular
sys
tolic
fun
ctio
n. J
Am
Co
ll C
ard
iol.
20
03
Jan
;41
(2):
21
7-2
3.
Hun
t S
A, B
aker
DW
, Chin
MH
, Cin
que
gran
i MP
, Fel
dm
an A
M, F
ranci
s G
S, e
t al
.A
CC
/AH
A g
uid
elin
es f
or
the
eval
uati
on a
nd
man
agem
ent
of
chro
nic
hea
rt f
ailu
re in
the
adul
t: a
rep
ort
of
the
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f C
ard
iolo
gy/A
mer
ican
Hea
rtA
sso
ciat
ion T
ask
Forc
e o
n P
ract
ice
Gui
del
ines
(C
om
mit
tee
to R
evis
e th
e 1
99
5G
uid
elin
es f
or
the
Eval
uati
on a
nd
Man
agem
ent
of
Hea
rt F
ailu
re)
[gui
del
ines
on t
he
Inte
rnet
], 2
00
1. B
ethes
da,
MD
: Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f C
ard
iolo
gy [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct2
1].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
: htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cc.o
rg/c
linic
al/g
uid
elin
es/f
ailu
re/h
f_in
dex
.htm
.
f.D
iscu
ss h
ow
the
etio
logy
of
hea
rt f
ailu
re a
ffec
tstr
eatm
ent
in m
en a
nd
wo
men
.K
no
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F2
b, 3
bZ
ipes
DP
, Bra
unw
ald
E. B
raun
wal
d's
hea
rt d
isea
se: a
tex
tbo
ok
of
card
iova
scul
arm
edic
ine.
7th
ed
. Phila
del
phia
: W.B
. Sau
nd
ers,
20
05
.
26
Co
mp
. I.
B.
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
B.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
that
are
mo
re c
om
mo
n,
mo
re s
eri
ou
s, o
r h
ave
inte
rven
tio
ns
that
are
dif
fere
nt
in w
om
en
.
8.
Card
iova
scu
lar
Dis
ease
s
g.D
escr
ibe
sex
and
gen
der
diff
eren
ces
in t
he
etio
logy
and
pre
senta
tio
n o
f ar
rhyt
hm
ias.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2a,
2b
To
po
l EJ,
Cal
iff R
M, e
dit
ors
. Tex
tbo
ok
of
card
iova
scul
ar m
edic
ine.
2nd
ed
.P
hila
del
phia
: Lip
pin
cott
Will
iam
s &
Wilk
ins,
20
02
.
Mak
kar
RR
, Fro
mm
BS
, Ste
inm
an R
T, M
eiss
ner
MD
, Leh
man
n M
H. F
emal
e ge
nd
er a
sa
risk
fac
tor
for
tors
ades
de
po
inte
s as
soci
ated
wit
h c
ard
iova
scul
ar d
rugs
. JA
MA
.1
99
3 D
ec;2
70
(21
):2
59
0-7
.
h.
Des
crib
e th
e se
x d
iffer
ence
s in
the
inte
ract
ion
bet
wee
n d
rug
ther
apy
and
QT
inte
rval
.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2a,
2b
To
po
l EJ,
Cal
iff R
M, e
dit
ors
. Tex
tbo
ok
of
card
iova
scul
ar m
edic
ine.
2nd
ed
.P
hila
del
phia
: Lip
pin
cott
Will
iam
s &
Wilk
ins,
20
02
.
Anth
ony
M, B
erg
MJ.
Bio
logi
c an
d m
ole
cula
r m
echan
ism
s fo
r se
x d
iffer
ence
s in
phar
mac
oki
net
ics,
phar
mac
od
ynam
ics,
and
phar
mac
oge
net
ics:
Par
t I.
J W
om
ens
Hea
lth G
end
Bas
ed M
ed. 2
00
2 S
ep;1
1(7
):6
01
-15
.
De
Po
nti
F, P
olu
zzi E
, Cav
alli
A, R
ecan
atin
i M, M
onta
nar
o N
. Saf
ety
of
no
n-
anti
arrh
ythm
ic d
rugs
that
pro
long
the
QT
inte
rval
or
ind
uce
tors
ade
de
po
inte
s: a
no
verv
iew
. Dru
g S
af. 2
00
2;2
5(4
):2
63
-86
.
i.D
escr
ibe
sex
diff
eren
ces
in t
he
risk
fac
tors
fo
rve
no
us t
hro
mb
osi
s.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2a,
2b
To
po
l EJ,
Cal
iff R
M, e
dit
ors
. Tex
tbo
ok
of
card
iova
scul
ar m
edic
ine.
2nd
ed
.P
hila
del
phia
: Lip
pin
cott
Will
iam
s &
Wilk
ins,
20
02
.
Hei
t JA
, Silv
erst
ein M
D, M
ohr
DN
, Pet
ters
on T
M, L
ohse
CM
, O'F
allo
n W
M, e
t al
. The
epid
emio
logy
of
veno
us t
hro
mb
oem
bo
lism
in t
he
com
mun
ity.
Thro
mb
Hae
mo
st.
20
01
Jul
;86
(1):
45
2-6
3.
Pev
erill
RE.
Ho
rmo
ne
ther
apy
and
ven
ous
thro
mb
oem
bo
lism
. Bes
t P
ract
Res
Clin
End
ocr
ino
l Met
ab. 2
00
3 M
ar;1
7(1
):1
49
-64
.
Dri
fe J. O
ral c
ontr
acep
tio
n a
nd
the
risk
of
thro
mb
oem
bo
lism
: what
do
es it
mea
n t
ocl
inic
ians
and
thei
r p
atie
nts
? D
rug
Saf
. 20
02
;25
(13
):8
93
-90
2.
j.D
escr
ibe
sex
diff
eren
ces
in v
alvu
lar
hea
rt d
isea
se.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2a,
2b
Kas
per
DL,
Har
riso
n T
R, e
dit
ors
. Har
riso
n's
pri
nci
ple
s o
f in
tern
al m
edic
ine.
16
th e
d.
New
Yo
rk: M
cGra
w-H
ill, M
edic
al P
ub. D
ivis
ion, 2
00
5.
Zip
es D
P, B
raun
wal
d E
. Bra
unw
ald
's h
eart
dis
ease
: a t
extb
oo
k o
f ca
rdio
vasc
ular
med
icin
e. 7
th e
d. P
hila
del
phia
: W.B
. Sau
nd
ers,
20
05
.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
27
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Wo
men
’s H
ealt
h C
are
Co
mp
eten
cies
fo
r M
edic
al S
tud
ents
: Ta
kin
g S
tep
s to
In
clu
de
Sex
an
d G
end
er D
iffe
ren
ces
in t
he
Cu
rric
ulu
m
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
B.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
that
are
mo
re c
om
mo
n,
mo
re s
eri
ou
s, o
r h
ave
inte
rven
tio
ns
that
are
dif
fere
nt
in w
om
en
.
9.
En
do
crin
e
a.Li
st s
ex a
nd
gen
der
diff
eren
ces
in t
he
inci
den
ce o
fan
d r
isk
fact
ors
fo
r d
iab
etes
mel
litus
.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Jaff
e LS
, So
lom
on C
G, S
eely
EW
. Dia
bet
es. I
n: C
arls
on K
J, Ei
senst
at S
A, e
dit
ors
.P
rim
ary
care
of
wo
men
. 2nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 7
1-9
.
Jova
no
vic
L, P
eter
son C
M. D
iab
etes
mel
litus
in w
om
en o
ver
the
life
phas
es a
nd
inp
regn
ancy
. In: W
allis
LA
, Kas
per
A, e
dit
ors
. Tex
tbo
ok
of
wo
men
's h
ealt
h.
Phila
del
phia
: Lip
pin
cott
-Rav
en, 1
99
8. p
. 53
3-4
4.
b.
Des
crib
e sp
ecifi
c m
anag
emen
t p
lans
for
dia
bet
esm
ellit
us b
ased
on a
pat
ient'
s ag
e, s
ex, a
nd
pre
gnan
cy s
tatu
s.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bJa
ffe
LS, S
olo
mo
n C
G, S
eely
EW
. Dia
bet
es. I
n: C
arls
on K
J, Ei
senst
at S
A, e
dit
ors
.P
rim
ary
care
of
wo
men
. 2nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 7
1-9
.
c.D
escr
ibe
the
pat
ho
phys
iolo
gy, c
linic
al f
eatu
res
of,
and
ther
apeu
tic
op
tio
ns
for
a w
om
an w
ith p
oly
cyst
ico
vari
an s
ynd
rom
e (P
CO
S).
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
1d
, 2b
Tay
lor
AE.
Hir
suti
sm a
nd
ova
rian
end
ocr
ine
dis
ord
ers.
In: C
arls
on K
J, Ei
senst
at S
A,
edit
ors
. Pri
mar
y ca
re o
f w
om
en. 2
nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 9
8-1
04
.
Gilc
hri
st V
, Jo
hnso
n B
E. H
irsu
tism
. In: J
ohnso
n B
E, e
t al
., ed
ito
rs. W
om
en's
hea
lth
care
han
db
oo
k. 2
nd
ed
. Phila
del
phia
: Han
ley
& B
elfu
s, 2
00
0. p
. 42
7-3
2.
d.
Dev
elo
p a
diff
eren
tial
dia
gno
sis
for
hir
suti
sm a
nd
viri
lizat
ion in
wo
men
.K
no
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bT
aylo
r A
E. H
irsu
tism
and
ova
rian
end
ocr
ine
dis
ord
ers.
In: C
arls
on K
J, Ei
senst
at S
A,
edit
ors
. Pri
mar
y ca
re o
f w
om
en. 2
nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 9
8-1
04
.
Gilc
hri
st V
, Jo
hnso
n B
E. H
irsu
tism
. In: J
ohnso
n B
E, e
t al
., ed
ito
rs. W
om
en's
hea
lth
care
han
db
oo
k. 2
nd
ed
. Phila
del
phia
: Han
ley
& B
elfu
s, 2
00
0. p
. 42
7-3
2.
e.D
escr
ibe
sex
and
gen
der
diff
eren
ces
in in
cid
ence
,p
rese
nta
tio
n, a
nd
man
agem
ent
of
thyr
oid
dis
ease
.K
no
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bR
oss
DS
. Thyr
oid
dis
ease
. In: C
arls
on K
J, Ei
senst
at S
A, e
dit
ors
. Pri
mar
y ca
re o
fw
om
en. 2
nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 9
0-7
.
Ro
ss D
S. T
hyr
oid
dis
ease
in p
regn
ancy
. In: C
arls
on K
J, Ei
senst
at S
A, e
dit
ors
. Pri
mar
yca
re o
f w
om
en. 2
nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 5
48
-9.
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
etri
cian
s an
d G
ynec
olo
gist
s. A
CO
G P
ract
ice
Bul
leti
nN
umb
er 3
7. T
hyr
oid
dis
ease
in p
regn
ancy
. Was
hin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts,
Aug
20
02
. Ob
stet
Gyn
eco
l. 2
00
2A
ug;1
00
(2):
38
7-9
6.
10
.G
ast
roin
test
inal (G
I) D
iso
rders
a.D
iscu
ss s
ex a
nd
gen
der
diff
eren
ces
in t
he
inci
den
cean
d p
rese
nta
tio
n o
f ga
stro
eso
phag
eal r
eflu
x d
isea
se(G
ERD
).
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F2
a, 2
bLi
n M
, Ger
son L
B, L
asca
r R
, Dav
ila M
, Tri
adaf
ilop
oul
os
G. F
eatu
res
of
gast
roes
op
hag
eal r
eflu
x d
isea
se in
wo
men
. Am
J G
astr
oen
tero
l. 2
00
4A
ug;9
9(8
):1
44
2-7
.
Ter
RB
. Gen
der
diff
eren
ces
in g
astr
oes
op
hag
eal r
eflu
x d
isea
se. J
Gen
d S
pec
if M
ed.
20
00
Mar
-Ap
r;3
(2):
42
-4.
Bo
rum
ML.
Gas
tro
inte
stin
al d
isea
ses
in w
om
en. M
ed C
lin N
ort
h A
m. 1
99
8Ja
n;8
2(1
):2
1-5
0.
28
Co
mp
. I.
B.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
lt
idl
lt
kill
fd
ith
AC
GM
EO
tP
jt
dd
fid
thM
ii
PR
it
LA
db
thA
CG
ME
St
b2
81
99
9
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
B.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
that
are
mo
re c
om
mo
n,
mo
re s
eri
ou
s, o
r h
ave
inte
rven
tio
ns
that
are
dif
fere
nt
in w
om
en
.
10
.G
ast
roin
test
inal (G
I) D
iso
rders
b.
Des
crib
e se
x an
d g
end
er d
iffer
ence
s in
inci
den
cean
d p
rese
nta
tio
n o
f an
ore
ctal
dis
ease
.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Dia
man
t N
E, K
amm
MA
, Wal
d A
, Whit
ehea
d W
E. A
GA
tec
hnic
al r
evie
w o
n a
no
rect
alte
stin
g te
chniq
ues.
Gas
tro
ente
rolo
gy. 1
99
9 M
ar;1
16
(3):
73
5-6
0.
Go
pal
DV
. Dis
ease
s o
f th
e re
ctum
and
anus
: a c
linic
al a
pp
roac
h t
o c
om
mo
nd
iso
rder
s. C
lin C
orn
erst
one.
20
02
;4(4
):3
4-4
8.
Wal
d A
. Fun
ctio
nal
ano
rect
al a
nd
pel
vic
pai
n. G
astr
oen
tero
l Clin
No
rth A
m. 2
00
1M
ar;3
0(1
):2
43
-51
.
Hul
me-
Mo
ir M
, Bar
tolo
DC
. Hem
orr
ho
ids.
Gas
tro
ente
rol C
lin N
ort
h A
m. 2
00
1M
ar;3
0(1
):1
83
-97
.
c.Li
st s
ex a
nd
gen
der
diff
eren
ces
in t
he
inci
den
ce a
nd
pre
senta
tio
n o
f ir
rita
ble
bo
wel
syn
dro
me
(IB
S).
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Nal
ibo
ff B
D, B
erm
an S
, Chan
g L,
Der
bys
hir
e S
W, S
uyen
ob
u B
, Vo
gt B
A, e
t al
. Sex
-re
late
d d
iffer
ence
s in
IB
S p
atie
nts
: cen
tral
pro
cess
ing
of
visc
eral
sti
mul
i.G
astr
oen
tero
logy
. 20
03
Jun
;12
4(7
):1
73
8-4
7.
Lee
OY
, May
er E
A, S
chm
ulso
n M
, Chan
g L,
Nal
ibo
ff B
. G
end
er-r
elat
ed d
iffer
ence
s in
IBS
sym
pto
ms.
Am
J G
astr
oen
tero
l. 2
00
1 Jul
;96
(7):
21
84
-93
.
d.
Dis
cuss
the
caus
es o
f co
nst
ipat
ion a
nd
ho
w t
hey
affe
ct t
reat
men
t st
rate
gies
.K
no
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bLo
cke
GR
3rd
, Pem
ber
ton JH
, Phill
ips
SF.
Am
eric
an G
astr
oen
tero
logi
cal A
sso
ciat
ion
Med
ical
Po
siti
on S
tate
men
t: g
uid
elin
es o
n c
onst
ipat
ion. G
astr
oen
tero
logy
. 20
00
Dec
;11
9(6
):1
76
1-6
.
Lock
e G
R 3
rd, P
emb
erto
n JH
, Phill
ips
SF.
AG
A t
echnic
al r
evie
w o
n c
onst
ipat
ion.
Am
eric
an G
astr
oen
tero
logi
cal A
sso
ciat
ion. G
astr
oen
tero
logy
. 20
00
Dec
;11
9(6
):1
76
6-7
8.
Rao
SS
. Co
nst
ipat
ion: e
valu
atio
n a
nd
tre
atm
ent.
Gas
tro
ente
rol C
lin N
ort
h A
m.
20
03
Jun
;32
(2):
65
9-8
3.
Bo
rum
ML.
Co
nst
ipat
ion: e
valu
atio
n a
nd
man
agem
ent.
Pri
m C
are.
20
01
Sep
;28
(3):
57
7-9
0.
Lero
i AM
, Ber
kelm
ans
I, D
enis
P, H
emo
nd
M, D
evro
ede
G. A
nis
mus
as
a m
arke
r o
fse
xual
ab
use.
Co
nse
que
nce
s o
f ab
use
on a
no
rect
al m
oti
lity.
Dig
Dis
Sci
. 19
95
Jul;4
0(7
):1
41
1-6
.
e.Li
st s
ex a
nd
gen
der
diff
eren
ces
in t
he
inci
den
ce a
nd
pre
senta
tio
n o
f in
flam
mat
ory
bo
wel
dis
ease
(IB
D).
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Loft
us E
V Jr,
San
db
orn
WJ.
Epid
emio
logy
of
infla
mm
ato
ry b
ow
el d
isea
se.
Gas
tro
ente
rol C
lin N
ort
h A
m. 2
00
2 M
ar;3
1(1
):1
-20
.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
29
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Wo
men
’s H
ealt
h C
are
Co
mp
eten
cies
fo
r M
edic
al S
tud
ents
: Ta
kin
g S
tep
s to
In
clu
de
Sex
an
d G
end
er D
iffe
ren
ces
in t
he
Cu
rric
ulu
m
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
B.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
that
are
mo
re c
om
mo
n,
mo
re s
eri
ou
s, o
r h
ave
inte
rven
tio
ns
that
are
dif
fere
nt
in w
om
en
.
10
.G
ast
roin
test
inal (G
I) D
iso
rders
f.D
iscu
ss s
ex a
nd
gen
der
diff
eren
ces
in t
he
inci
den
cean
d r
isk
fact
ors
fo
r hep
ato
bili
ary
dis
ease
s.K
no
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F2
bB
oru
m M
L. H
epat
ob
iliar
y d
isea
ses
in w
om
en. M
ed C
lin N
ort
h A
m. 1
99
8Ja
n;8
2(1
):5
1-7
5.
Low
e R
C. L
iver
dis
ease
. In: C
arls
on K
J, Ei
senst
at S
A, e
dit
ors
. Pri
mar
y ca
re o
f w
om
en.
2nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 1
26
-32
.
11
.Feca
l In
con
tin
en
ce
a.D
iscu
ss s
ex a
nd
gen
der
diff
eren
ces
in t
he
inci
den
cean
d e
tio
logy
of
feca
l inco
nti
nen
ce.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Chee
tham
MJ,
Mal
ouf
AJ,
Kam
m M
A. F
ecal
inco
nti
nen
ce. G
astr
oen
tero
l Clin
No
rth
Am
. 20
01
Mar
;30
(1):
11
5-3
0.
Jack
son S
L, H
ull T
L. F
ecal
inco
nti
nen
ce in
wo
men
. Ob
stet
Gyn
eco
l Sur
v. 1
99
8D
ec;5
3(1
2):
74
1-7
.
Rao
SS
. Pat
ho
phys
iolo
gy o
f ad
ult
feca
l inco
nti
nen
ce. G
astr
oen
tero
logy
. 20
04
Jan;1
26
(1 S
upp
l 1):
S1
4-2
2.
b.
Des
crib
e an
age
- an
d s
ex-s
pec
ific
eval
uati
on a
nd
man
agem
ent
pla
n f
or
feca
l inco
nti
nen
ce.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bH
innin
gho
fen H
, Enck
P. F
ecal
inco
nti
nen
ce: e
valu
atio
n a
nd
tre
atm
ent.
Gas
tro
ente
rol C
lin N
ort
h A
m. 2
00
3 Jun
;32
(2):
68
5-7
06
.
Co
op
er Z
R, R
ose
S. F
ecal
inco
nti
nen
ce: a
clin
ical
ap
pro
ach. M
t S
inai
J M
ed. 2
00
0M
ar;6
7(2
):9
6-1
05
.
12
.Uro
logic
Co
nd
itio
ns
a.D
escr
ibe
sex
and
gen
der
diff
eren
ces
in t
he
etio
logy
and
pre
senta
tio
n o
f ur
inar
y tr
act
infe
ctio
n (
UT
I).
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Sta
mm
WE.
Uri
nar
y tr
act
infe
ctio
n a
nd
pye
lonep
hri
tis.
In: K
asp
er D
L, H
arri
son T
R,
edit
ors
. Har
riso
n's
pri
nci
ple
s o
f in
tern
al m
edic
ine.
16
th e
d. N
ew Y
ork
: McG
raw
-Hill
,M
edic
al P
ub. D
ivis
ion, 2
00
5. p
. 17
15
-21
.
Har
ringt
on R
D, H
oo
ton T
M. U
rinar
y tr
act
infe
ctio
n r
isk
fact
ors
and
gen
der
. J G
end
Sp
ecif
Med
. 20
00
No
v-D
ec;3
(8):
27
-34
.
Fihn S
D. C
linic
al p
ract
ice.
Acu
te u
nco
mp
licat
ed u
rinar
y tr
act
infe
ctio
n in
wo
men
. NEn
gl J M
ed. 2
00
3 Jul
;34
9(3
):2
59
-66
.
b.
Dev
elo
p a
diff
eren
tial
dia
gno
sis
and
sex
- an
d g
end
er-a
pp
rop
riat
e ev
alua
tio
n s
trat
egy
for
dys
uria
and
/or
urin
ary
freq
uency
.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bFi
hn S
D. C
linic
al p
ract
ice.
Acu
te u
nco
mp
licat
ed u
rinar
y tr
act
infe
ctio
n in
wo
men
. NEn
gl J M
ed. 2
00
3 Jul
;34
9(3
):2
59
-66
.
c.D
evel
op
a s
ex-
and
gen
der
-ap
pro
pri
ate
eval
uati
on
and
tre
atm
ent
stra
tegy
fo
r re
curr
ent
urin
ary
trac
tin
fect
ion (
UT
I).
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bH
oo
ton T
M. R
ecur
rent
urin
ary
trac
t in
fect
ion in
wo
men
. Int
J A
nti
mic
rob
Age
nts
.2
00
1 A
pr;
17
(4):
25
9-6
8.
Gup
ta K
, Ho
oto
n T
M, R
ob
erts
PL,
Sta
mm
WE.
Pat
ient-
init
iate
d t
reat
men
t o
fun
com
plic
ated
rec
urre
nt
urin
ary
trac
t in
fect
ions
in y
oun
g w
om
en. A
nn Inte
rn M
ed.
20
01
Jul
;13
5(1
):9
-16
.
30
Co
mp
. I.
B.
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
B.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
that
are
mo
re c
om
mo
n,
mo
re s
eri
ou
s, o
r h
ave
inte
rven
tio
ns
that
are
dif
fere
nt
in w
om
en
.
12
.U
rolo
gic
Co
nd
itio
ns
d.
Dis
cuss
sex
and
gen
der
diff
eren
ces
in t
he
inci
den
cean
d e
tio
logy
of
urin
ary
inco
nti
nen
ce.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F2
bA
sso
ciat
ion o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
. AP
GO
Ed
ucat
ional
Ser
ies
on W
om
en's
Hea
lth Iss
ues.
Uri
nar
y in
conti
nen
ce. C
roft
on, M
D: A
sso
ciat
ion o
fP
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
, 20
03
.
Am
eric
an U
rogy
nec
olo
gic
So
ciet
y [h
om
epag
e o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C:
Am
eric
an U
rogy
nec
olo
gic
So
ciet
y [c
ited
20
04
Oct
21
]. A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
ugs.
org
.
Ro
man
zi L
J. U
rinar
y in
conti
nen
ce in
wo
men
and
men
. J G
end
Sp
ecif
Med
.2
00
1;4
(3):
14
-20
.
e.C
lass
ify t
he
typ
es o
f ur
inar
y in
conti
nen
ce p
reva
lent
in w
om
en.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Ass
oci
atio
n o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
. AP
GO
Ed
ucat
ional
Ser
ies
on W
om
en's
Hea
lth Iss
ues.
Uri
nar
y in
conti
nen
ce. C
roft
on, M
D: A
sso
ciat
ion o
fP
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
, 20
03
.
Am
eric
an U
rogy
nec
olo
gic
So
ciet
y [h
om
epag
e o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C:
Am
eric
an U
rogy
nec
olo
gic
So
ciet
y [c
ited
20
04
Oct
21
]. A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
ugs.
org
.
f.D
escr
ibe
an a
ge-
and
sex
-sp
ecifi
c ev
alua
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
ent
pla
n f
or
urin
ary
inco
nti
nen
ce.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bH
olr
oyd
-Led
uc JM
, Str
aus
SE.
Man
agem
ent
of
urin
ary
inco
nti
nen
ce in
wo
men
:sc
ienti
fic r
evie
w. J
AM
A. 2
00
4 F
eb;2
91
(8):
98
6-9
5.
Bru
bak
er L
. Sur
gica
l tre
atm
ent
of
urin
ary
inco
nti
nen
ce in
wo
men
. Gas
tro
ente
rolo
gy.
20
04
Jan
;12
6(1
Sup
pl 1
):S
71
-6.
Bur
gio
KL.
Beh
avio
ral t
reat
men
t o
pti
ons
for
urin
ary
inco
nti
nen
ce. G
astr
oen
tero
logy
.2
00
4 Jan
;12
6(1
Sup
pl 1
):S
82
-9.
Sch
uess
ler
B, B
aess
ler
K. P
har
mac
olo
gic
trea
tmen
t o
f st
ress
uri
nar
y in
conti
nen
ce:
exp
ecta
tio
ns
for
out
com
e. U
rolo
gy. 2
00
3 O
ct;6
2(4
Sup
pl 1
):S
31
-8.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
31
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Wo
men
’s H
ealt
h C
are
Co
mp
eten
cies
fo
r M
edic
al S
tud
ents
: Ta
kin
g S
tep
s to
In
clu
de
Sex
an
d G
end
er D
iffe
ren
ces
in t
he
Cu
rric
ulu
m
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
B.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
that
are
mo
re c
om
mo
n,
mo
re s
eri
ou
s, o
r h
ave
inte
rven
tio
ns
that
are
dif
fere
nt
in w
om
en
.
13
.P
elv
ic O
rgan
Pro
lap
se
a.D
iscu
ss t
he
risk
fac
tors
and
eti
olo
gy f
or
pel
vic
org
anp
rola
pse
in w
om
en.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F2
bH
and
a V
L, G
arre
tt E
, Hen
dri
x S
, Go
ld E
, Ro
bb
ins
J. P
rogr
essi
on a
nd
rem
issi
on o
fp
elvi
c o
rgan
pro
lap
se: a
longi
tud
inal
stu
dy
of
men
op
ausa
l wo
men
. Am
J O
bst
etG
ynec
ol.
20
04
Jan
;19
0(1
):2
7-3
2.
Mui
r T
W, S
tep
p K
J, B
arb
er M
D. A
do
pti
on o
f th
e p
elvi
c o
rgan
pro
lap
se q
uanti
ficat
ion
syst
em in
pee
r-re
view
ed li
tera
ture
. Am
J O
bst
et G
ynec
ol.
20
03
Dec
;18
9(6
):1
63
2-
5.
Sw
ift S
E, T
ate
SB
, Nic
ho
las
J. C
orr
elat
ion o
f sy
mp
tom
s w
ith d
egre
e o
f p
elvi
c o
rgan
sup
po
rt in
a g
ener
al p
op
ulat
ion o
f w
om
en: w
hat
is p
elvi
c o
rgan
pro
lap
se?
Am
JO
bst
et G
ynec
ol.
20
03
Aug
;18
9(2
):3
72
-7.
b.
Des
crib
e an
age
- an
d s
ex-s
pec
ific
eval
uati
on a
nd
man
agem
ent
pla
n f
or
pel
vic
org
an p
rola
pse
inw
om
en.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bH
eit
M, R
ose
nq
uist
C, C
ullig
an P
, Gra
ham
C, M
urp
hy
M, S
ho
tt S
. Pre
dic
ting
trea
tmen
t ch
oic
e fo
r p
atie
nts
wit
h p
elvi
c o
rgan
pro
lap
se. O
bst
et G
ynec
ol.
20
03
Jun;1
01
(6):
12
79
-84
.
Cun
diff
GW
, Ad
dis
on W
A. M
anag
emen
t o
f p
elvi
c o
rgan
pro
lap
se. O
bst
et G
ynec
ol
Clin
No
rth A
m. 1
99
8 D
ec;2
5(4
):9
07
-21
.
14
.Ab
do
min
al an
d P
elv
ic P
ain
a.D
evel
op
a s
ex-
and
gen
der
-ap
pro
pri
ate
diff
eren
tial
dia
gno
sis
of
acut
e ab
do
min
al/p
elvi
c p
ain.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bK
nig
ht
SK
, Lip
sco
mb
GH
, Lin
g FW
. Pel
vic
pai
n. I
n: N
ob
le J, e
dit
or.
Tex
tbo
ok
of
pri
mar
y ca
re m
edic
ine.
St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
01
. p. 3
23
-8.
b.
Des
crib
e an
age
- an
d s
ex-s
pec
ific
eval
uati
on a
nd
man
agem
ent
pla
n f
or
a p
atie
nt
wit
h a
sur
gica
lab
do
men
.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F,S
imul
atio
ns
1d
, 2b
Knig
ht
SK
, Lip
sco
mb
GH
, Lin
g FW
. Pel
vic
pai
n. I
n: N
ob
le J, e
dit
or.
Tex
tbo
ok
of
pri
mar
y ca
re m
edic
ine.
St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
01
. p. 3
23
-8.
c.P
erfo
rm a
n a
pp
rop
riat
e ab
do
min
al a
nd
pel
vic
exam
on a
wo
men
pre
senti
ng
wit
h a
n a
cute
ab
do
men
.S
ho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
fK
nig
ht
SK
, Lip
sco
mb
GH
, Lin
g FW
. Pel
vic
pai
n. I
n: N
ob
le J, e
dit
or.
Tex
tbo
ok
of
pri
mar
y ca
re m
edic
ine.
St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
01
. p. 3
23
-8.
d.
List
the
crit
eria
fo
r a
sex-
and
gen
der
-ap
pro
pri
ate
dia
gno
sis
of
chro
nic
pel
vic
pai
n.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Knig
ht
SK
, Lip
sco
mb
GH
, Lin
g FW
. Pel
vic
pai
n. I
n: N
ob
le J, e
dit
or.
Tex
tbo
ok
of
pri
mar
y ca
re m
edic
ine.
St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
01
. p. 3
23
-8.
Ass
oci
atio
n o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
. AP
GO
Ed
ucat
ional
Ser
ies
on W
om
en's
Hea
lth Iss
ues.
Chro
nic
pel
vic
pai
n: a
n in
tegr
ated
ap
pro
ach.
Was
hin
gto
n, D
C: A
sso
ciat
ion o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
, 20
00
.
e.D
escr
ibe
the
clin
ical
man
ifest
atio
ns
of
and
diff
eren
tial
dia
gno
sis
for
chro
nic
pel
vic
pai
n a
nd
chro
nic
ab
do
min
al p
ain.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bK
nig
ht
SK
, Lip
sco
mb
GH
, Lin
g FW
. Pel
vic
pai
n. I
n: N
ob
le J, e
dit
or.
Tex
tbo
ok
of
pri
mar
y ca
re m
edic
ine.
St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
01
. p. 3
23
-8.
Ass
oci
atio
n o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
. AP
GO
Ed
ucat
ional
Ser
ies
on W
om
en's
Hea
lth Iss
ues.
Chro
nic
pel
vic
pai
n: a
n in
tegr
ated
ap
pro
ach.
Was
hin
gto
n, D
C: A
sso
ciat
ion o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
, 20
00
.
32
Co
mp
. I.
B.
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
B.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
that
are
mo
re c
om
mo
n,
mo
re s
eri
ou
s, o
r h
ave
inte
rven
tio
ns
that
are
dif
fere
nt
in w
om
en
.
14
.A
bd
om
inal an
d P
elv
ic P
ain
f.D
iscu
ss t
he
rela
tio
nsh
ip b
etw
een c
hro
nic
pel
vic
and
/or
abd
om
inal
pai
n r
esul
ting
fro
m a
dul
t o
rch
ildho
od
ab
use.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F, E
ssay
2b
, 5c
Knig
ht
SK
, Lip
sco
mb
GH
, Lin
g FW
. Pel
vic
pai
n. I
n: N
ob
le J, e
dit
or.
Tex
tbo
ok
of
pri
mar
y ca
re m
edic
ine.
St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
01
. p. 3
23
-8.
Ass
oci
atio
n o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
. AP
GO
Ed
ucat
ional
Ser
ies
on W
om
en's
Hea
lth Iss
ues.
Chro
nic
pel
vic
pai
n: a
n in
tegr
ated
ap
pro
ach.
Was
hin
gto
n, D
C: A
sso
ciat
ion o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
, 20
00
.
Lam
pe
A, S
old
er E
, Ennem
ose
r A
, Sch
uber
t C
, Rum
po
ld G
, So
llner
W. C
hro
nic
pel
vic
pai
n a
nd
pre
vio
us s
exua
l ab
use.
Ob
stet
Gyn
eco
l. 2
00
0 D
ec;9
6(6
):9
29
-33
.
15
.Sexu
ally
Tra
nsm
itte
d D
isease
s
a.Li
st s
ex a
nd
gen
der
diff
eren
ces
in t
he
inci
den
ce o
fan
d r
isk
fact
ors
fo
r se
xual
ly t
ransm
itte
d d
isea
ses
(ST
Ds)
.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
1g,
2b
Fels
enst
ein D
. Sex
ually
tra
nsm
itte
d d
isea
se. I
n: C
arls
on K
J, Ei
senst
at S
A, e
dit
ors
.P
rim
ary
care
of
wo
men
. 2nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 1
64
-75
.
Shee
ts E
E. C
ervi
cal c
ance
r an
d h
uman
pap
illo
mav
irus
. In: C
arls
on K
J, Ei
senst
at S
A,
edit
ors
. Pri
mar
y ca
re o
f w
om
en. 2
nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 6
86
-91
.
Am
eric
an S
oci
ety
for
Co
lpo
sco
py
and
Cer
vica
l Pat
ho
logy
[ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. H
ager
sto
wn, M
D: A
mer
ican
So
ciet
y fo
r C
olp
osc
op
y an
d C
ervi
cal
Pat
ho
logy
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
21
]. A
vaila
ble
fro
m: h
ttp
://w
ww
.asc
cp.o
rg.
Inst
itut
e o
f M
edic
ine
(U.S
.); C
om
mit
tee
on P
reve
nti
on a
nd
Co
ntr
ol o
f S
exua
llyT
ransm
itte
d D
isea
ses.
The
hid
den
ep
idem
ic: c
onfr
onti
ng
sexu
ally
tra
nsm
itte
dd
isea
ses.
Eng
TR
, But
ler
WT
, ed
ito
rs. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: N
atio
nal
Aca
dem
ies
Pre
ss,
19
97
.
CD
C N
atio
nal
Cen
ter
for
HIV
, ST
D a
nd
TB
Pre
venti
on; D
ivis
ion o
f S
exua
llyT
ransm
itte
d D
isea
ses.
Sex
ually
Tra
nsm
itte
d D
isea
ses
Tre
atm
ent
Gui
del
ines
[gui
del
ines
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
tlan
ta: C
ente
rs f
or
Dis
ease
Co
ntr
ol,
20
02
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
21
]. A
vaila
ble
fro
m: h
ttp
://w
ww
.cd
c.go
v/st
d/t
reat
men
t.
The
Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n (
AM
WA
) R
epro
duc
tive
Hea
lth Init
iati
ve.
RH
I M
od
el C
urri
culu
m, 2
nd
ed
. Mo
dul
e 4
(S
exua
lly T
ransm
itte
d D
isea
se)
[mo
dul
eo
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
lexa
nd
ria,
VA
: Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n, 2
00
4.
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
: htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
mw
a-d
oc.
org
/RH
I.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
33
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Wo
men
’s H
ealt
h C
are
Co
mp
eten
cies
fo
r M
edic
al S
tud
ents
: Ta
kin
g S
tep
s to
In
clu
de
Sex
an
d G
end
er D
iffe
ren
ces
in t
he
Cu
rric
ulu
m
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
B.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
that
are
mo
re c
om
mo
n,
mo
re s
eri
ou
s, o
r h
ave
inte
rven
tio
ns
that
are
dif
fere
nt
in w
om
en
.
15
.S
exu
ally
Tra
nsm
itte
d D
isease
s
b.
Des
crib
e se
x an
d g
end
er d
iffer
ence
s in
the
sym
pto
ms
and
sig
ns
of
sexu
ally
tra
nsm
itte
d d
isea
ses
(ST
Ds)
.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Fels
enst
ein D
. Sex
ually
tra
nsm
itte
d d
isea
se. I
n: C
arls
on K
J, Ei
senst
at S
A, e
dit
ors
.P
rim
ary
care
of
wo
men
. 2nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 1
64
-75
.
Shee
ts E
E. C
ervi
cal c
ance
r an
d h
uman
pap
illo
mav
irus
. In: C
arls
on K
J, Ei
senst
at S
A,
edit
ors
. Pri
mar
y ca
re o
f w
om
en. 2
nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 6
86
-91
.
Am
eric
an S
oci
ety
for
Co
lpo
sco
py
and
Cer
vica
l Pat
ho
logy
[ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. H
ager
sto
wn, M
D: A
mer
ican
So
ciet
y fo
r C
olp
osc
op
y an
d C
ervi
cal
Pat
ho
logy
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
21
]. A
vaila
ble
fro
m: h
ttp
://w
ww
.asc
cp.o
rg.
Inst
itut
e o
f M
edic
ine
(U.S
.); C
om
mit
tee
on P
reve
nti
on a
nd
Co
ntr
ol o
f S
exua
llyT
ransm
itte
d D
isea
ses.
The
hid
den
ep
idem
ic: c
onfr
onti
ng
sexu
ally
tra
nsm
itte
dd
isea
ses.
Eng
TR
, But
ler
WT
, ed
ito
rs. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: N
atio
nal
Aca
dem
ies
Pre
ss,
19
97
.
CD
C N
atio
nal
Cen
ter
for
HIV
, ST
D a
nd
TB
Pre
venti
on; D
ivis
ion o
f S
exua
llyT
ransm
itte
d D
isea
ses.
Sex
ually
Tra
nsm
itte
d D
isea
ses
Tre
atm
ent
Gui
del
ines
[gui
del
ines
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
tlan
ta: C
ente
rs f
or
Dis
ease
Co
ntr
ol,
20
02
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
21
]. A
vaila
ble
fro
m: h
ttp
://w
ww
.cd
c.go
v/st
d/t
reat
men
t.
The
Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n (
AM
WA
) R
epro
duc
tive
Hea
lth Init
iati
ve.
RH
I M
od
el C
urri
culu
m, 2
nd
ed
. Mo
dul
e 4
(S
exua
lly T
ransm
itte
d D
isea
se)
[mo
dul
eo
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
lexa
nd
ria,
VA
: Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n, 2
00
4.
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
: htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
mw
a-d
oc.
org
/RH
I.
34
Co
mp
. I.
B.
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
B.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
that
are
mo
re c
om
mo
n,
mo
re s
eri
ou
s, o
r h
ave
inte
rven
tio
ns
that
are
dif
fere
nt
in w
om
en
.
15
.S
exu
ally
Tra
nsm
itte
d D
isease
s
c.D
escr
ibe
an a
ge-
and
sex
-sp
ecifi
c ev
alua
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
ent
pla
n f
or
sexu
ally
tra
nsm
itte
d d
isea
ses
(ST
Ds)
.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bFe
lsen
stei
n D
. Sex
ually
tra
nsm
itte
d d
isea
se. I
n: C
arls
on K
J, Ei
senst
at S
A, e
dit
ors
.P
rim
ary
care
of
wo
men
. 2nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 1
64
-75
.
Shee
ts E
E. C
ervi
cal c
ance
r an
d h
uman
pap
illo
mav
irus
. In: C
arls
on K
J, Ei
senst
at S
A,
edit
ors
. Pri
mar
y ca
re o
f w
om
en. 2
nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 6
86
-91
.
Am
eric
an S
oci
ety
for
Co
lpo
sco
py
and
Cer
vica
l Pat
ho
logy
[ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. H
ager
sto
wn, M
D: A
mer
ican
So
ciet
y fo
r C
olp
osc
op
y an
d C
ervi
cal
Pat
ho
logy
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
21
]. A
vaila
ble
fro
m: h
ttp
://w
ww
.asc
cp.o
rg.
Inst
itut
e o
f M
edic
ine
(U.S
.); C
om
mit
tee
on P
reve
nti
on a
nd
Co
ntr
ol o
f S
exua
llyT
ransm
itte
d D
isea
ses.
The
hid
den
ep
idem
ic: c
onfr
onti
ng
sexu
ally
tra
nsm
itte
dd
isea
ses.
Eng
TR
, But
ler
WT
, ed
ito
rs. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: N
atio
nal
Aca
dem
ies
Pre
ss,
19
97
.
CD
C N
atio
nal
Cen
ter
for
HIV
, ST
D a
nd
TB
Pre
venti
on; D
ivis
ion o
f S
exua
llyT
ransm
itte
d D
isea
ses.
Sex
ually
Tra
nsm
itte
d D
isea
ses
Tre
atm
ent
Gui
del
ines
[gui
del
ines
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
tlan
ta: C
ente
rs f
or
Dis
ease
Co
ntr
ol,
20
02
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
21
]. A
vaila
ble
fro
m: h
ttp
://w
ww
.cd
c.go
v/st
d/t
reat
men
t.
The
Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n (
AM
WA
) R
epro
duc
tive
Hea
lth Init
iati
ve.
RH
I M
od
el C
urri
culu
m, 2
nd
ed
. Mo
dul
e 4
(S
exua
lly T
ransm
itte
d D
isea
se)
[mo
dul
eo
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
lexa
nd
ria,
VA
: Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n, 2
00
4.
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
: htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
mw
a-d
oc.
org
/RH
I.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
35
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Wo
men
’s H
ealt
h C
are
Co
mp
eten
cies
fo
r M
edic
al S
tud
ents
: Ta
kin
g S
tep
s to
In
clu
de
Sex
an
d G
end
er D
iffe
ren
ces
in t
he
Cu
rric
ulu
m
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
B.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
that
are
mo
re c
om
mo
n,
mo
re s
eri
ou
s, o
r h
ave
inte
rven
tio
ns
that
are
dif
fere
nt
in w
om
en
.
15
.S
exu
ally
Tra
nsm
itte
d D
isease
s
d.
Des
crib
e lo
ng-
term
sex
-sp
ecifi
c co
mp
licat
ions
for
pat
ients
wit
h s
exua
lly t
ransm
itte
d d
isea
ses
(ST
Ds)
,in
clud
ing
feta
l ris
ks a
nd
fer
tilit
y.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F2
bFe
lsen
stei
n D
. Sex
ually
tra
nsm
itte
d d
isea
se. I
n: C
arls
on K
J, Ei
senst
at S
A, e
dit
ors
.P
rim
ary
care
of
wo
men
. 2nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 1
64
-75
.
Shee
ts E
E. C
ervi
cal c
ance
r an
d h
uman
pap
illo
mav
irus
. In: C
arls
on K
J, Ei
senst
at S
A,
edit
ors
. Pri
mar
y ca
re o
f w
om
en. 2
nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 6
86
-91
.
Am
eric
an S
oci
ety
for
Co
lpo
sco
py
and
Cer
vica
l Pat
ho
logy
[ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. H
ager
sto
wn, M
D: A
mer
ican
So
ciet
y fo
r C
olp
osc
op
y an
d C
ervi
cal
Pat
ho
logy
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
21
]. A
vaila
ble
fro
m: h
ttp
://w
ww
.asc
cp.o
rg.
Inst
itut
e o
f M
edic
ine
(U.S
.); C
om
mit
tee
on P
reve
nti
on a
nd
Co
ntr
ol o
f S
exua
llyT
ransm
itte
d D
isea
ses.
The
hid
den
ep
idem
ic: c
onfr
onti
ng
sexu
ally
tra
nsm
itte
dd
isea
ses.
Eng
TR
, But
ler
WT
, ed
ito
rs. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: N
atio
nal
Aca
dem
ies
Pre
ss,
19
97
.
CD
C N
atio
nal
Cen
ter
for
HIV
, ST
D a
nd
TB
Pre
venti
on; D
ivis
ion o
f S
exua
llyT
ransm
itte
d D
isea
ses.
Sex
ually
Tra
nsm
itte
d D
isea
ses
Tre
atm
ent
Gui
del
ines
[gui
del
ines
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
tlan
ta: C
ente
rs f
or
Dis
ease
Co
ntr
ol,
20
02
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
21
]. A
vaila
ble
fro
m: h
ttp
://w
ww
.cd
c.go
v/st
d/t
reat
men
t.
The
Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n (
AM
WA
) R
epro
duc
tive
Hea
lth Init
iati
ve.
RH
I M
od
el C
urri
culu
m, 2
nd
ed
. Mo
dul
e 4
(S
exua
lly T
ransm
itte
d D
isea
se)
[mo
dul
eo
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
lexa
nd
ria,
VA
: Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n, 2
00
4.
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
: htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
mw
a-d
oc.
org
/RH
I.
16
.HIV
a.Li
st s
ex a
nd
gen
der
diff
eren
ces
in t
he
inci
den
ce o
fan
d r
isk
fact
ors
fo
r H
IV.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2a,
2b
Kle
in R
S, K
azan
jian P
H, E
isen
stat
SA
. Hum
an im
mun
od
efic
iency
vir
us. I
n: C
arls
on K
J,Ei
senst
at S
A, e
dit
ors
. Pri
mar
y ca
re o
f w
om
en. 2
nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
.p
.15
1-6
3.
CD
C N
atio
nal
Cen
ter
for
HIV
, ST
D a
nd
TB
Pre
venti
on, D
ivis
ions
of
HIV
/AID
SP
reve
nti
on [
ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
tlan
ta: C
ente
rs f
or
Dis
ease
Co
ntr
ol a
nd
Pre
venti
on [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct 2
1].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
: htt
p:/
/ww
w.c
dc.
gov/
hiv
.
b.
Des
crib
e an
age
- an
d s
ex-s
pec
ific
pre
senta
tio
n a
nd
pro
gres
sio
n o
f H
IV.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F2
bK
lein
RS
, Kaz
anjia
n P
H, E
isen
stat
SA
. Hum
an im
mun
od
efic
iency
vir
us. I
n: C
arls
on K
J,Ei
senst
at S
A, e
dit
ors
. Pri
mar
y ca
re o
f w
om
en. 2
nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
.p
.15
1-6
3.
CD
C N
atio
nal
Cen
ter
for
HIV
, ST
D a
nd
TB
Pre
venti
on, D
ivis
ions
of
HIV
/AID
SP
reve
nti
on [
ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
tlan
ta: C
ente
rs f
or
Dis
ease
Co
ntr
ol a
nd
Pre
venti
on [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct 2
1].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
: htt
p:/
/ww
w.c
dc.
gov/
hiv
.
36
Co
mp
. I.
B.
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
B.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
that
are
mo
re c
om
mo
n,
mo
re s
eri
ou
s, o
r h
ave
inte
rven
tio
ns
that
are
dif
fere
nt
in w
om
en
.
16
.H
IV
c.D
escr
ibe
spec
ific
eval
uati
on a
nd
man
agem
ent
pla
ns
for
HIV
bas
ed o
n a
pat
ient'
s ag
e, s
ex, a
nd
pre
gnan
cyst
atus
.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
a, 2
bK
lein
RS
, Kaz
anjia
n P
H, E
isen
stat
SA
. Hum
an im
mun
od
efic
iency
vir
us. I
n: C
arls
on K
J,Ei
senst
at S
A, e
dit
ors
. Pri
mar
y ca
re o
f w
om
en. 2
nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
.p
.15
1-6
3.
CD
C N
atio
nal
Cen
ter
for
HIV
, ST
D a
nd
TB
Pre
venti
on, D
ivis
ions
of
HIV
/AID
SP
reve
nti
on [
ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
tlan
ta: C
ente
rs f
or
Dis
ease
Co
ntr
ol a
nd
Pre
venti
on [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct 2
1].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
: htt
p:/
/ww
w.c
dc.
gov/
hiv
.
d.
Des
crib
e th
e ri
sks
and
cur
rent
reco
mm
end
atio
ns
for
bre
ast-
feed
ing
in H
IV p
osi
tive
wo
men
.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
1d
, 2b
Kle
in R
S, K
azan
jian P
H, E
isen
stat
SA
. Hum
an im
mun
od
efic
iency
vir
us. I
n: C
arls
on K
J,Ei
senst
at S
A, e
dit
ors
. Pri
mar
y ca
re o
f w
om
en. 2
nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
.p
.15
1-6
3.
CD
C N
atio
nal
Cen
ter
for
HIV
, ST
D a
nd
TB
Pre
venti
on, D
ivis
ions
of
HIV
/AID
SP
reve
nti
on [
ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
tlan
ta: C
ente
rs f
or
Dis
ease
Co
ntr
ol a
nd
Pre
venti
on [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct 2
1].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
: htt
p:/
/ww
w.c
dc.
gov/
hiv
.
17
.In
fert
ilit
y
a.D
iscu
ss s
ex a
nd
gen
der
diff
eren
ces
in t
he
inci
den
ceo
f an
d r
isk
fact
ors
fo
r in
fert
ility
.K
no
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F2
bA
mer
ican
So
ciet
y fo
r R
epro
duc
tive
Med
icin
e. P
ract
ice
Co
mm
itte
e R
epo
rt. O
pti
mal
eval
uati
on o
f th
e in
fert
ile f
emal
e. B
irm
ingh
am, A
L: A
mer
ican
So
ciet
y fo
rR
epro
duc
tive
Med
icin
e, 2
00
4.
New
kirk
GR
. Infe
rtili
ty a
nd
fer
tilit
y ch
oic
es. I
n: J
ohnso
n B
E, e
t al
., ed
ito
rs. W
om
en's
hea
lth c
are
han
db
oo
k. 2
nd
ed
. Phila
del
phia
: Han
ley
& B
elfu
s, 2
00
0. p
.12
7-3
7.
Illio
ns
EH, T
ho
mp
son R
J. O
ffic
e ev
alua
tio
n o
f th
e in
fert
ile c
oup
le. I
n: S
eltz
er V
L,P
ears
e W
H, e
dit
ors
. Wo
men
's p
rim
ary
hea
lth c
are:
off
ice
pra
ctic
e an
d p
roce
dur
es.
2nd
ed
. New
Yo
rk: M
cGra
w-H
ill, 2
00
0. p
. 36
5-7
4.
Cen
ters
fo
r D
isea
se C
ontr
ol a
nd
Pre
venti
on. D
ES U
pd
ate:
Hea
lth C
are
Pro
vid
ers
-R
eso
urce
s an
d E
duc
atio
nal
To
ols
[ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
tlan
ta: C
ente
rs f
or
Dis
ease
Co
ntr
ol a
nd
Pre
venti
on [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct 2
0].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
:htt
p:/
/ww
w.c
dc.
gov/
des
/hcp
/res
our
ces/
ind
ex.h
tml.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
37
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Wo
men
’s H
ealt
h C
are
Co
mp
eten
cies
fo
r M
edic
al S
tud
ents
: Ta
kin
g S
tep
s to
In
clu
de
Sex
an
d G
end
er D
iffe
ren
ces
in t
he
Cu
rric
ulu
m
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
B.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
that
are
mo
re c
om
mo
n,
mo
re s
eri
ou
s, o
r h
ave
inte
rven
tio
ns
that
are
dif
fere
nt
in w
om
en
.
17
.In
fert
ilit
y
b.
Des
crib
e an
age
- an
d s
ex-s
pec
ific
app
roac
h t
o t
he
eval
uati
on a
nd
man
agem
ent
of
infe
rtili
ty.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bA
mer
ican
So
ciet
y fo
r R
epro
duc
tive
Med
icin
e. P
ract
ice
Co
mm
itte
e R
epo
rt. O
pti
mal
eval
uati
on o
f th
e in
fert
ile f
emal
e. B
irm
ingh
am, A
L: A
mer
ican
So
ciet
y fo
rR
epro
duc
tive
Med
icin
e, 2
00
4.
New
kirk
GR
. Infe
rtili
ty a
nd
fer
tilit
y ch
oic
es. I
n: J
ohnso
n B
E, e
t al
., ed
ito
rs. W
om
en's
hea
lth c
are
han
db
oo
k. 2
nd
ed
. Phila
del
phia
: Han
ley
& B
elfu
s, 2
00
0. p
.12
7-3
7.
Illio
ns
EH, T
ho
mp
son R
J. O
ffic
e ev
alua
tio
n o
f th
e in
fert
ile c
oup
le. I
n: S
eltz
er V
L,P
ears
e W
H, e
dit
ors
. Wo
men
's p
rim
ary
hea
lth c
are:
off
ice
pra
ctic
e an
d p
roce
dur
es.
2nd
ed
. New
Yo
rk: M
cGra
w-H
ill, 2
00
0. p
. 36
5-7
4.
Cen
ters
fo
r D
isea
se C
ontr
ol a
nd
Pre
venti
on. D
ES U
pd
ate:
Hea
lth C
are
Pro
vid
ers
-R
eso
urce
s an
d E
duc
atio
nal
To
ols
[ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
tlan
ta: C
ente
rs f
or
Dis
ease
Co
ntr
ol a
nd
Pre
venti
on [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct 2
0].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
:htt
p:/
/ww
w.c
dc.
gov/
des
/hcp
/res
our
ces/
ind
ex.h
tml.
18
.Men
tal H
ealt
h (
See a
lso
Co
mp
. I.
C.1
3.
Peri
nata
l P
sych
iatr
ic D
iso
rders
an
d C
om
p.
VI.
7.
Men
tal H
ealt
h)
a.D
iscu
ss s
ex a
nd
gen
der
diff
eren
ces
in t
he
etio
logy
and
pre
senta
tio
n o
f m
oo
d d
iso
rder
s, in
clud
ing
bip
ola
r d
iso
rder
and
dep
ress
ion.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Bur
t V
K. W
om
en a
nd
dep
ress
ion: s
pec
ial c
onsi
der
atio
ns
in a
sses
smen
t an
dm
anag
emen
t. In: L
ewis
-Hal
l F, e
t al
., ed
ito
rs. P
sych
iatr
ic il
lnes
s in
wo
men
: em
ergi
ng
trea
tmen
ts a
nd
res
earc
h. 1
st e
d. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Psy
chia
tric
Pub
., 2
00
2.
p. 1
01
-2.
Leib
enlu
ft E
. Gen
der
diff
eren
ces
in m
oo
d a
nd
anxi
ety
dis
ord
ers:
fro
m b
ench
to
bed
sid
e. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Psy
chia
tric
Pre
ss, 1
99
9.
McE
lro
y S
L. B
ipo
lar
dis
ord
ers:
sp
ecia
l dia
gno
stic
and
tre
atm
ent
consi
der
atio
ns
inw
om
en. C
NS
Sp
ectr
. 20
04
Aug
;9(8
Sup
pl 7
):5
-18
.
Sit
D. W
om
en a
nd
bip
ola
r d
iso
rder
acr
oss
the
life
span
. J A
m M
ed W
om
ens
Ass
oc.
20
04
Sp
ring;
59
(2):
91
-10
0.
b.
Dev
elo
p a
diff
eren
tial
dia
gno
sis
for
wo
men
pre
senti
ng
wit
h m
oo
d d
iso
rder
s th
at v
ary
wit
h t
he
men
stru
al c
ycle
.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bJe
nsv
old
MF,
Dan
CED
. Psy
cho
logi
cal a
spec
ts o
f th
e m
enst
rual
cyc
le. I
n: S
totl
and
NL,
Ste
war
t D
E, e
dit
ors
. Psy
cho
logi
cal a
spec
ts o
f w
om
en's
hea
lth c
are:
the
inte
rfac
eb
etw
een p
sych
iatr
y an
d o
bst
etri
cs a
nd
gyn
eco
logy
. 2nd
ed
. Was
hin
gto
n, D
C:
Am
eric
an P
sych
iatr
ic P
ress
, 20
01
. p.1
77
-20
4.
Ste
iner
M, B
orn
L. P
rem
enst
rual
syn
dro
mes
. In: L
ewis
-Hal
l F, e
t al
., ed
ito
rs.
Psy
chia
tric
illn
ess
in w
om
en: e
mer
ging
trea
tmen
ts a
nd
res
earc
h. 1
st e
d.
Was
hin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Psy
chia
tric
Pub
., 2
00
2. p
. 15
7-8
8.
38
Co
mp
. I.
B.
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
B.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
that
are
mo
re c
om
mo
n,
mo
re s
eri
ou
s, o
r h
ave
inte
rven
tio
ns
that
are
dif
fere
nt
in w
om
en
.
18
.M
en
tal H
ealt
h (
See a
lso
Co
mp
. I.
C.1
3.
Peri
nata
l P
sych
iatr
ic D
iso
rders
an
d C
om
p.
VI.
7.
Men
tal H
ealt
h)
c.D
escr
ibe
sex
and
gen
der
diff
eren
ces
in t
he
risk
fact
ors
and
pre
senta
tio
n o
f an
xiet
y an
d p
ost
-tr
aum
atic
str
ess
dis
ord
er (
PT
SD
).
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2a,
2b
Yo
nke
rs K
A, K
idner
CL.
Sex
diff
eren
ces
in a
nxi
ety
dis
ord
ers
(chap
ter
1).
Sm
ith L
C,
Frie
dm
an S
, Par
adis
C. P
anic
dis
ord
er w
ith a
gora
pho
bia
: wo
men
's is
sues
(ch
apte
r 2
).W
ong
CM
, Yeh
uda
R. S
ex d
iffer
ence
s in
po
st-t
raum
atic
str
ess
dis
ord
er (
chap
ter
3).
In: L
ewis
-Hal
l F, e
t al
., ed
ito
rs. P
sych
iatr
ic il
lnes
s in
wo
men
: em
ergi
ng
trea
tmen
ts a
nd
rese
arch
. 1st
ed
. Was
hin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Psy
chia
tric
Pub
., 2
00
2. p
. 5-9
6.
d.
Des
crib
e se
x an
d g
end
er d
iffer
ence
s in
the
inci
den
cean
d p
rese
nta
tio
n o
f p
erso
nal
ity
dis
ord
ers.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2a,
2b
Am
eric
an P
sych
iatr
ic A
sso
ciat
ion. W
ork
Gro
up o
n B
ord
erlin
e P
erso
nal
ity
Dis
ord
er.
Pra
ctic
e gu
idel
ines
fo
r th
e tr
eatm
ent
of
pat
ients
wit
h b
ord
erlin
e p
erso
nal
ity
dis
ord
er. 1
st e
d. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Psy
chia
tric
Ass
oci
atio
n, 2
00
1.
e.S
pec
ify s
ex d
iffer
ence
s in
the
etio
logy
, sym
pto
ms,
sign
s, a
nd
tre
atm
ent
of
alco
ho
l and
sub
stan
ceab
use.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bB
lum
e S
B, R
usse
ll M
. Alc
oho
l and
sub
stan
ce a
bus
e in
ob
stet
rics
and
gyn
eco
logy
pra
ctic
e. In: S
totl
and
NL,
Ste
war
t D
E, e
dit
ors
. Psy
cho
logi
cal a
spec
ts o
f w
om
en's
hea
lth c
are:
the
inte
rfac
e b
etw
een p
sych
iatr
y an
d o
bst
etri
cs a
nd
gyn
eco
logy
. 2nd
ed. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Psy
chia
tric
Pre
ss, 2
00
1. p
. 42
1-4
1.
f.C
ontr
ast
sex
diff
eren
ces
in t
he
vuln
erab
ility
to
nic
oti
ne
add
icti
on.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, Es
say
2a,
2b
Blu
me
SB
, Rus
sell
M. A
lco
ho
l and
sub
stan
ce a
bus
e in
ob
stet
rics
and
gyn
eco
logy
pra
ctic
e. In: S
totl
and
NL,
Ste
war
t D
E, e
dit
ors
. Psy
cho
logi
cal a
spec
ts o
f w
om
en's
hea
lth c
are:
the
inte
rfac
e b
etw
een p
sych
iatr
y an
d o
bst
etri
cs a
nd
gyn
eco
logy
. 2nd
ed. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Psy
chia
tric
Pre
ss, 2
00
1. p
. 42
1-4
1.
g.D
iscu
ss t
he
lega
l and
eth
ical
chal
lenge
s in
tre
atin
gal
coho
l and
sub
stan
ce a
bus
e in
pre
gnan
t w
om
en.
Kno
ws
Ho
wO
ral,
KF,
Ess
ay5
b, 6
aB
lum
e S
B, R
usse
ll M
. Alc
oho
l and
sub
stan
ce a
bus
e in
ob
stet
rics
and
gyn
eco
logy
pra
ctic
e. In: S
totl
and
NL,
Ste
war
t D
E, e
dit
ors
. Psy
cho
logi
cal a
spec
ts o
f w
om
en's
hea
lth c
are:
the
inte
rfac
e b
etw
een p
sych
iatr
y an
d o
bst
etri
cs a
nd
gyn
eco
logy
. 2nd
ed. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Psy
chia
tric
Pre
ss, 2
00
1. p
. 42
1-4
1.
Mill
er L
J. P
sych
iatr
ic d
iso
rder
s d
urin
g p
regn
ancy
. In: S
totl
and
NL,
Ste
war
t D
E,ed
ito
rs. P
sych
olo
gica
l asp
ects
of
wo
men
's h
ealt
h c
are:
the
inte
rfac
e b
etw
een
psy
chia
try
and
ob
stet
rics
and
gyn
eco
logy
. 2nd
ed
. Was
hin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Psy
chia
tric
Pre
ss, 2
00
1. p
. 51
-66
.
h.
Des
crib
e se
x an
d g
end
er d
iffer
ence
s in
the
etio
logy
and
pre
senta
tio
n o
f so
mat
ofo
rm d
iso
rder
s.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2a,
2b
Phill
ips
KA
, ed
ito
r. S
om
ato
form
and
fac
titi
ous
dis
ord
ers.
Was
hin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Psy
chia
tric
Pub
., 2
00
1.
19
.Neu
rolo
gy
a.Id
enti
fy s
ex a
nd
gen
der
diff
eren
ces
in r
isk
fact
ors
and
typ
es o
f st
roke
s.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Dw
ore
tzky
BA
, So
rond
FA
, Daw
son D
M. S
tro
ke. I
n: C
arls
on K
J, Ei
senst
at S
A, e
dit
ors
.P
rim
ary
care
of
wo
men
. 2nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 3
0-7
.
b.
List
sex
and
gen
der
diff
eren
ces
in t
he
etio
logy
and
pre
senta
tio
n o
f m
ulti
ple
scl
ero
sis.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Co
yle
PK
. Mul
tip
le s
cler
osi
s. In: K
apla
n P
W, e
dit
or.
Neu
rolo
gic
dis
ease
in w
om
en.
New
Yo
rk: D
emo
s, 1
99
8. p
. 25
1-6
4.
Vo
skuh
l RR
. Gen
der
issu
es a
nd
mul
tip
le s
cler
osi
s. C
urr
Neu
rol N
euro
sci R
ep. 2
00
2M
ay;2
(3):
27
7-8
6.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
39
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Wo
men
’s H
ealt
h C
are
Co
mp
eten
cies
fo
r M
edic
al S
tud
ents
: Ta
kin
g S
tep
s to
In
clu
de
Sex
an
d G
end
er D
iffe
ren
ces
in t
he
Cu
rric
ulu
m
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
B.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
that
are
mo
re c
om
mo
n,
mo
re s
eri
ou
s, o
r h
ave
inte
rven
tio
ns
that
are
dif
fere
nt
in w
om
en
.
19
.N
eu
rolo
gy
c.D
escr
ibe
the
pat
ho
phys
iolo
gy o
f m
ulti
ple
scl
ero
sis
and
oth
er a
uto
imm
une
dis
ord
ers
of
the
centr
alner
vous
sys
tem
.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2a,
2b
Co
yle
PK
. Mul
tip
le s
cler
osi
s. In: K
apla
n P
W, e
dit
or.
Neu
rolo
gic
dis
ease
in w
om
en.
New
Yo
rk: D
emo
s, 1
99
8. p
. 25
1-6
4.
d.
Dev
elo
p t
he
diff
eren
tial
dia
gno
sis
for
hea
dac
he
inw
om
en.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bK
anner
R. O
ffic
e as
sess
men
t an
d m
anag
emen
t o
f p
ain (
Hea
dac
he
and
Fac
ial P
ain
sect
ions)
. In: S
eltz
er V
L, P
ears
e W
H, e
dit
ors
. Wo
men
's p
rim
ary
hea
lth c
are:
off
ice
pra
ctic
e an
d p
roce
dur
es. 2
nd
ed
. New
Yo
rk: M
cGra
w-H
ill, 2
00
0. p
.10
09
-13
.
Ass
oci
atio
n o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
. AP
GO
Ed
ucat
ional
Ser
ies
on W
om
en's
Hea
lth. S
trat
egie
s fo
r th
e m
anag
emen
t o
f hea
dac
he.
Was
hin
gto
n, D
C:
Ass
oci
atio
n o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
, 19
98
.
e.D
iscu
ss t
he
pub
lic h
ealt
h im
pac
t o
f d
emen
tia
inw
om
en.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F, E
ssay
6b
Dal
Fo
rno
G, M
aki P
M, K
awas
CH
. Alz
hei
mer
dis
ease
in w
om
en a
nd
the
role
of
estr
oge
ns.
In: K
apla
n P
W, e
dit
or.
Neu
rolo
gic
dis
ease
in w
om
en. N
ew Y
ork
: Dem
os,
19
98
. p.1
61
-72
.
Bar
rett
AM
. Pro
bab
le A
lzhei
mer
's d
isea
se: g
end
er-r
elat
ed is
sues
. J G
end
Sp
ecif
Med
.1
99
9 Jan
-Feb
;2(1
):5
5-6
0.
Sch
nei
der
LS
. Est
roge
n a
nd
dem
enti
a: in
sigh
ts f
rom
the
Wo
men
's H
ealt
h Init
iati
veM
emo
ry S
tud
y. JA
MA
. 20
04
Jun
23
;29
1(2
4):
30
05
-7.
f.D
escr
ibe
sex
and
gen
der
diff
eren
ces
in t
he
etio
logy
and
pre
senta
tio
n o
f d
emen
tia.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
1d
, 2a
Dal
Fo
rno
G, M
aki P
M, K
awas
CH
. Alz
hei
mer
dis
ease
in w
om
en a
nd
the
role
of
estr
oge
ns.
In: K
apla
n P
W, e
dit
or.
Neu
rolo
gic
dis
ease
in w
om
en. N
ew Y
ork
: Dem
os,
19
98
. p.1
61
-72
.
Bar
rett
AM
. Pro
bab
le A
lzhei
mer
's d
isea
se: g
end
er-r
elat
ed is
sues
. J G
end
Sp
ecif
Med
.1
99
9 Jan
-Feb
;2(1
):5
5-6
0.
g.Id
enti
fy t
he
typ
es o
f se
izur
e d
iso
rder
s th
at a
re m
ore
com
mo
n in
wo
men
.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Mo
rrel
l MJ.
Sei
zure
s an
d e
pile
psy
in w
om
en. I
n: K
apla
n P
W, e
dit
or.
Neu
rolo
gic
dis
ease
in w
om
en. N
ew Y
ork
: Dem
os,
19
98
. p.1
89
-20
6.
Lip
ora
ce J, D
'Ab
reu
A. E
pile
psy
and
wo
men
's h
ealt
h: f
amily
pla
nnin
g, b
one
hea
lth,
men
op
ause
, and
men
stru
al-r
elat
ed s
eizu
res.
May
o C
lin P
roc.
20
03
Ap
r;7
8(4
):4
97
-5
06
.
40
Co
mp
. I.
B.
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
B.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
that
are
mo
re c
om
mo
n,
mo
re s
eri
ou
s, o
r h
ave
inte
rven
tio
ns
that
are
dif
fere
nt
in w
om
en
.
19
.N
eu
rolo
gy
h.
Iden
tify
cau
ses
of
slee
p d
iso
rder
s th
at a
re s
pec
ific
to w
om
en.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Ass
oci
atio
n o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
. AP
GO
Ed
ucat
ional
Ser
ies
on W
om
en's
Hea
lth. M
anag
ing
inso
mnia
and
sle
ep d
iso
rder
s in
wo
men
. Was
hin
gto
n,
DC
: Ass
oci
atio
n o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
, 20
00
.
Ow
ens
JF, M
atth
ews
KA
. Sle
ep d
istu
rban
ce in
hea
lthy
mid
dle
-age
d w
om
en.
Mat
urit
as. 1
99
8 S
ep;3
0(1
):4
1-5
0.
Jord
an A
S, M
cEvo
y R
D. G
end
er d
iffer
ence
s in
sle
ep a
pnea
: ep
idem
iolo
gy, c
linic
alp
rese
nta
tio
n a
nd
pat
ho
genic
mec
han
ism
s. S
leep
Med
Rev
. 20
03
Oct
;7(5
):3
77
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.
Mo
line
M, B
roch
L, Z
ak R
. Sle
ep p
rob
lem
s ac
ross
the
life
cycl
e in
wo
men
. Cur
r T
reat
Op
tio
ns
Neu
rol.
20
04
Jul
;6(4
):3
19
-30
.
C.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
an
d f
un
ctio
ns
that
are
sp
eci
fic
to w
om
en
.
1.
Ute
rin
e B
leed
ing
a.D
escr
ibe
the
phys
iolo
gy o
f th
e no
rmal
men
stru
alcy
cle.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Sp
ero
ff L
, Gla
ss R
H, K
ase
NG
. Reg
ulat
ion o
f th
e m
enst
rual
cyc
le. I
n: S
per
off
L, G
lass
RH
, Kas
e N
G. C
linic
al g
ynec
olo
gic
end
ocr
ino
logy
and
infe
rtili
ty. 6
th e
d.
Phila
del
phia
: Lip
pin
cott
Will
iam
s &
Wilk
ins,
19
99
. p. 2
01
-46
.
Ham
mo
nd
CB
, Rid
dic
k D
H. M
enst
ruat
ion a
nd
dis
ord
ers
of
men
stru
al f
unct
ion. I
n:
Sco
tt JR
, et
al.,
edit
ors
. Dan
fort
h's
ob
stet
rics
and
gyn
eco
logy
. 8th
ed
. Phila
del
phia
:Li
pp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s, 1
99
9. p
. 60
1-1
4.
b.
Def
ine
com
mo
n p
atte
rns
of
abno
rmal
and
dys
funct
ional
ute
rine
ble
edin
g.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Sp
ero
ff L
, Gla
ss R
H, K
ase
NG
. Dys
funct
ional
ute
rine
ble
edin
g. In: S
per
off
L, G
lass
RH
, Kas
e N
G. C
linic
al g
ynec
olo
gic
end
ocr
ino
logy
and
infe
rtili
ty. 6
th e
d.
Phila
del
phia
: Lip
pin
cott
Will
iam
s &
Wilk
ins,
19
99
. p. 5
75
-94
.
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
etri
cian
s an
d G
ynec
olo
gist
s. A
CO
G P
ract
ice
Bul
leti
nN
umb
er 1
4. M
anag
emen
t o
f an
ovu
lato
ry b
leed
ing.
Was
hin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts,
Mar
20
00
. Int
J G
ynae
col O
bst
et.
20
01
Mar
;72
(3):
26
3-7
1.
c.D
escr
ibe
the
diff
eren
tial
dia
gno
sis
and
man
agem
ent
of
abno
rmal
and
dys
funti
onal
ute
rine
ble
edin
g.K
no
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bS
per
off
L, G
lass
RH
, Kas
e N
G. D
ysfu
nct
ional
ute
rine
ble
edin
g. In: S
per
off
L, G
lass
RH
, Kas
e N
G. C
linic
al g
ynec
olo
gic
end
ocr
ino
logy
and
infe
rtili
ty. 6
th e
d.
Phila
del
phia
: Lip
pin
cott
Will
iam
s &
Wilk
ins,
19
99
. p. 5
75
-94
.
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
etri
cian
s an
d G
ynec
olo
gist
s. A
CO
G P
ract
ice
Bul
leti
nN
umb
er 1
4. M
anag
emen
t o
f an
ovu
lato
ry b
leed
ing.
Was
hin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts,
Mar
20
00
. Int
J G
ynae
col O
bst
et.
20
01
Mar
;72
(3):
26
3-7
1.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
41
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Wo
men
’s H
ealt
h C
are
Co
mp
eten
cies
fo
r M
edic
al S
tud
ents
: Ta
kin
g S
tep
s to
In
clu
de
Sex
an
d G
end
er D
iffe
ren
ces
in t
he
Cu
rric
ulu
m
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
C.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
an
d f
un
ctio
ns
that
are
sp
eci
fic
to w
om
en
.
2.
Am
en
orr
hea/O
ligo
men
orr
hea
a.D
escr
ibe
the
diff
eren
tial
dia
gno
sis
and
man
agem
ent
of
amen
orr
hea
and
olig
om
eno
rrhea
.K
no
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bS
per
off
L, G
lass
RH
, Kas
e N
G. A
men
orr
hea
. In: S
per
off
L, G
lass
RH
, Kas
e N
G. C
linic
algy
nec
olo
gic
end
ocr
ino
logy
and
infe
rtili
ty. 6
th e
d. P
hila
del
phia
: Lip
pin
cott
Will
iam
s&
Wilk
ins,
19
99
. p. 4
21
-86
.
Sp
ero
ff L
, Gla
ss R
H, K
ase
NG
. Ano
vula
tio
n a
nd
the
po
lycy
stic
ova
ry.
In: S
per
off
L,
Gla
ss R
H, K
ase
NG
. Clin
ical
gyn
eco
logi
c en
do
crin
olo
gy a
nd
infe
rtili
ty. 6
th e
d.
Phila
del
phia
: Lip
pin
cott
Will
iam
s &
Wilk
ins,
19
99
. p. 4
87
-52
2.
3.D
ysm
en
orr
hea
a.D
escr
ibe
the
diff
eren
tial
dia
gno
sis
and
man
agem
ent
of
dys
men
orr
hea
.K
no
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bS
per
off
L, G
lass
RH
, Kas
e N
G. M
enst
rual
dis
ord
ers.
In: S
per
off
L, G
lass
RH
, Kas
e N
G.
Clin
ical
gyn
eco
logi
c en
do
crin
olo
gy a
nd
infe
rtili
ty. 6
th e
d. P
hila
del
phia
: Lip
pin
cott
Will
iam
s &
Wilk
ins,
19
99
. p. 5
57
-75
.
4.P
rem
en
stru
al S
ynd
rom
e/P
rem
en
stru
al D
ysp
ho
ria D
iso
rder
(PM
S/P
MD
D)
a.D
escr
ibe
the
diff
eren
tial
dia
gno
sis
and
man
agem
ent
of
pre
men
stru
al s
ynd
rom
e (P
MS
), p
rem
enst
rual
dys
pho
ria
dis
ord
er (
PM
DD
), a
nd
dep
ress
ion.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bC
iott
i MC
. Pre
men
stru
al d
ysp
ho
ria
dis
ord
er, p
rem
enst
rual
syn
dro
me.
In: A
sso
ciat
ion
of
Pro
fess
ors
of
Gyn
eco
logy
and
Ob
stet
rics
. Wo
men
's h
ealt
h: a
tea
chin
g gu
ide
top
sych
oso
cial
issu
es. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: A
sso
ciat
ion o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
, 20
00
.
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
etri
cian
s an
d G
ynec
olo
gist
s. A
CO
G P
ract
ice
Bul
leti
nN
umb
er 1
5. P
rem
enst
rual
syn
dro
me.
Was
hin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts,
Ap
r 2
00
0.
Ass
oci
atio
n o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
. AP
GO
Ed
ucat
ional
Ser
ies
on W
om
en's
Hea
lth Iss
ues.
Pre
men
stru
al S
ynd
rom
e an
d P
rem
enst
rual
Dys
pho
ric
Dis
ord
er: s
cop
e, d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
ent.
Was
hin
gto
n, D
C: A
sso
ciat
ion o
fP
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
, 19
98
.
5.E
nd
om
etr
iosi
s
a.D
escr
ibe
the
theo
ries
of
the
pat
ho
genes
is o
fen
do
met
rio
sis.
Kno
ws
Ora
l, K
F, E
ssay
2a,
2b
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
etri
cian
s an
d G
ynec
olo
gist
s. A
CO
G P
ract
ice
Bul
leti
nN
umb
er 1
1. M
edic
al m
anag
emen
t o
f en
do
met
rio
sis.
Was
hin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts,
Dec
19
99
. Int
J G
ynae
col O
bst
et.
20
00
No
v;7
1(2
):1
83
-96
.
b.
Des
crib
e th
e d
iffer
enti
al d
iagn
osi
s an
d m
anag
emen
to
f ch
ronic
pel
vic
pai
n in
fem
ales
.K
no
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bA
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts.
AC
OG
Pra
ctic
e B
ulle
tin
Num
ber
11
. Med
ical
man
agem
ent
of
end
om
etri
osi
s. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts,
Dec
19
99
. Int
J G
ynae
col O
bst
et.
20
00
No
v;7
1(2
):1
83
-96
.
Ass
oci
atio
n o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
. AP
GO
Ed
ucat
ional
Ser
ies
on W
om
en's
Hea
lth Iss
ues.
Chro
nic
pel
vic
pai
n: a
n in
tegr
ated
ap
pro
ach.
Was
hin
gto
n, D
C: A
sso
ciat
ion o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
, 20
00
.
42
Co
mp
. I.
C.
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
C.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
an
d f
un
ctio
ns
that
are
sp
eci
fic
to w
om
en
.
6.
Ind
uce
d P
regn
an
cy T
erm
inati
on
a.D
escr
ibe
met
ho
ds
of
pre
gnan
cy t
erm
inat
ion.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
1d
, 1f,
2b
Tru
pin
SR
. Ind
uced
ab
ort
ion. I
n: S
cott
JR
, et
al.,
edit
ors
. Dan
fort
h's
ob
stet
rics
and
gynec
olo
gy. 9
th e
d. P
hila
del
phia
: Lip
pin
cott
Will
iam
s &
Wilk
ins,
20
03
. p. 5
61
-80
.
Stu
bb
lefie
ld P
G. F
amily
pla
nnin
g. In: B
erek
JS
, ed
ito
r. N
ova
k's
gynec
olo
gy. 1
3th
ed
.P
hila
del
phia
: Lip
pin
cott
Will
iam
s &
Wilk
ins,
20
02
. p. 2
31
-94
.
The
Nat
ional
Ab
ort
ion F
eder
atio
n. E
arly
Op
tio
ns.
A P
rovi
der
's G
uid
e to
Med
ical
Ab
ort
ion. M
ifep
rist
one
Ove
rvie
w [
ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: T
he
Nat
ional
Ab
ort
ion F
eder
atio
n [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct 2
1].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
:htt
p:/
/ww
w.e
arly
op
tio
ns.
org
/mife
pri
sto
ne.
htm
l.
b.
Dis
cuss
co
mp
licat
ions
of
ind
uced
ab
ort
ion.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
c, 2
a, 2
bT
rup
in S
R. I
nd
uced
ab
ort
ion. I
n: S
cott
JR
, et
al.,
edit
ors
. Dan
fort
h's
ob
stet
rics
and
gynec
olo
gy. 9
th e
d. P
hila
del
phia
: Lip
pin
cott
Will
iam
s &
Wilk
ins,
20
03
. p. 5
61
-80
.
Stu
bb
lefie
ld P
G. F
amily
pla
nnin
g. In: B
erek
JS
, ed
ito
r. N
ova
k's
gynec
olo
gy. 1
3th
ed
.P
hila
del
phia
: Lip
pin
cott
Will
iam
s &
Wilk
ins,
20
02
. p. 2
31
-94
.
The
Nat
ional
Ab
ort
ion F
eder
atio
n. E
arly
Op
tio
ns.
A P
rovi
der
's G
uid
e to
Med
ical
Ab
ort
ion. M
ifep
rist
one
Ove
rvie
w [
ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: T
he
Nat
ional
Ab
ort
ion F
eder
atio
n [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct 2
1].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
:htt
p:/
/ww
w.e
arly
op
tio
ns.
org
/mife
pri
sto
ne.
htm
l.
c.D
emo
nst
rate
no
n-d
irec
tive
co
unse
ling
to p
atie
nts
wit
h u
nin
tend
ed p
regn
anci
es.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
a, 1
e, 4
a, 4
b,
5a,
5b
Tru
pin
SR
. Ind
uced
ab
ort
ion. I
n: S
cott
JR
, et
al.,
edit
ors
. Dan
fort
h's
ob
stet
rics
and
gynec
olo
gy. 9
th e
d. P
hila
del
phia
: Lip
pin
cott
Will
iam
s &
Wilk
ins,
20
03
. p. 5
61
-80
.
Stu
bb
lefie
ld P
G. F
amily
pla
nnin
g. In: B
erek
JS
, ed
ito
r. N
ova
k's
gynec
olo
gy. 1
3th
ed
.P
hila
del
phia
: Lip
pin
cott
Will
iam
s &
Wilk
ins,
20
02
. p. 2
31
-94
.
Bre
itb
art
V. C
oun
selin
g fo
r m
edic
al a
bo
rtio
n. A
m J O
bst
et G
ynec
ol.
20
00
Aug
;18
3(2
Sup
pl)
:S2
6-3
3.
7.N
orm
al P
regn
an
cy a
nd
Bir
th
a.D
escr
ibe
the
com
po
nen
ts o
f p
reco
nce
pti
onal
pla
nnin
g in
hea
lthy
wo
men
and
in w
om
en w
ith
med
ical
pro
ble
ms
or
po
or
pri
or
pre
gnan
cyo
utco
mes
.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F, E
ssay
1b
, 1e,
2b
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
etri
cian
s an
d G
ynec
olo
gist
s. A
CO
G T
echnic
al B
ulle
tin
Num
ber
20
5. P
reco
nce
pti
onal
car
e. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts,
May
19
95
. Int
J G
ynae
col O
bst
et. 1
99
5A
ug;5
0(2
):2
01
-7.
b.
Dia
gno
se p
regn
ancy
and
cal
cula
te t
he
esti
mat
edd
ue d
ate.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
f, 2
bEt
tner
FM
. The
ob
stet
rica
l car
e o
f yo
ung
wo
men
. Clin
ics
in F
amily
Pra
ctic
e. 2
00
0D
ec;2
(4):
10
17
-35
.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
43
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Wo
men
’s H
ealt
h C
are
Co
mp
eten
cies
fo
r M
edic
al S
tud
ents
: Ta
kin
g S
tep
s to
In
clu
de
Sex
an
d G
end
er D
iffe
ren
ces
in t
he
Cu
rric
ulu
m
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
C.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
an
d f
un
ctio
ns
that
are
sp
eci
fic
to w
om
en
.
7.
No
rmal P
regn
an
cy a
nd
Bir
th
c.D
escr
ibe
hea
lthy
lifes
tyle
cho
ices
thro
ugho
utp
regn
ancy
.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Johnso
n T
RB
, Nie
byl
JR
. Pre
conce
pti
on a
nd
pre
nat
al c
are:
par
t o
f th
e co
nti
nuu
m. I
n:
Gab
be
SG
, Nie
byl
JR
, Sim
pso
n JL,
ed
ito
rs. O
bst
etri
cs: n
orm
al a
nd
pro
ble
mp
regn
anci
es. 4
th e
d. N
ew Y
ork
: Chur
chill
Liv
ings
tone,
20
02
. p. 1
39
-60
.
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
etri
cian
s an
d G
ynec
olo
gist
s. A
CO
G T
echnic
al B
ulle
tin
Num
ber
18
9. E
xerc
ise
in p
regn
ancy
and
dur
ing
po
stp
artu
m p
erio
d. W
ashin
gto
n,
DC
: Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
etri
cian
s an
d G
ynec
olo
gist
s, F
eb 1
99
4.
d.
Diff
eren
tiat
e b
etw
een n
orm
al p
regn
ancy
-rel
ated
chan
ges
and
dis
ease
pro
cess
es t
hat
may
occ
urd
urin
g p
regn
ancy
.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F,S
imul
atio
ns
2b
Johnso
n T
RB
, Nie
byl
JR
. Pre
conce
pti
on a
nd
pre
nat
al c
are:
par
t o
f th
e co
nti
nuu
m. I
n:
Gab
be
SG
, Nie
byl
JR
, Sim
pso
n JL,
ed
ito
rs. O
bst
etri
cs: n
orm
al a
nd
pro
ble
mp
regn
anci
es. 4
th e
d. N
ew Y
ork
: Chur
chill
Liv
ings
tone,
20
02
. p. 1
39
-60
.
e.D
escr
ibe
the
com
po
nen
ts o
f ro
utin
e p
renat
al c
are.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
1g,
2b
Johnso
n T
RB
, Nie
byl
JR
. Pre
conce
pti
on a
nd
pre
nat
al c
are:
par
t o
f th
e co
nti
nuu
m. I
n:
Gab
be
SG
, Nie
byl
JR
, Sim
pso
n JL,
ed
ito
rs. O
bst
etri
cs: n
orm
al a
nd
pro
ble
mp
regn
anci
es. 4
th e
d. N
ew Y
ork
: Chur
chill
Liv
ings
tone,
20
02
. p. 1
39
-60
.
f.D
iagn
ose
lab
or.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
b, 1
fN
orw
itz
ER, R
ob
inso
n JN
, Rep
ke JT
. Lab
or
and
del
iver
y. In: G
abb
e S
G, N
ieb
yl JR
,S
imp
son JL,
ed
ito
rs. O
bst
etri
cs: n
orm
al a
nd
pro
ble
m p
regn
anci
es. 4
th e
d. N
ew Y
ork
:C
hur
chill
Liv
ings
tone,
20
02
. p. 3
53
-94
.
g.D
iffer
enti
ate
bet
wee
n n
orm
al a
nd
ab
no
rmal
lab
or
pat
tern
s.K
no
ws
Ho
wO
ral,
KF,
Sim
ulat
ions
2b
No
rwit
z ER
, Ro
bin
son JN
, Rep
ke JT
. Lab
or
and
del
iver
y. In: G
abb
e S
G, N
ieb
yl JR
,S
imp
son JL,
ed
ito
rs. O
bst
etri
cs: n
orm
al a
nd
pro
ble
m p
regn
anci
es. 4
th e
d. N
ew Y
ork
:C
hur
chill
Liv
ings
tone,
20
02
. p. 3
53
-94
.
h.
Des
crib
e th
e st
eps
of
a va
ginal
del
iver
y.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
1d
, 2b
No
rwit
z ER
, Ro
bin
son JN
, Rep
ke JT
. Lab
or
and
del
iver
y. In: G
abb
e S
G, N
ieb
yl JR
,S
imp
son JL,
ed
ito
rs. O
bst
etri
cs: n
orm
al a
nd
pro
ble
m p
regn
anci
es. 4
th e
d. N
ew Y
ork
:C
hur
chill
Liv
ings
tone,
20
02
. p. 3
53
-94
.
i.D
escr
ibe
the
ind
icat
ions
and
co
ntr
aind
icat
ions
for
the
diff
eren
t m
od
es o
f d
eliv
ery.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F, E
ssay
1c,
1d
, 2b
No
rwit
z ER
, Ro
bin
son JN
, Rep
ke JT
. Lab
or
and
del
iver
y. In: G
abb
e S
G, N
ieb
yl JR
,S
imp
son JL,
ed
ito
rs. O
bst
etri
cs: n
orm
al a
nd
pro
ble
m p
regn
anci
es. 4
th e
d. N
ew Y
ork
:C
hur
chill
Liv
ings
tone,
20
02
. p. 3
53
-94
.
j.D
escr
ibe
the
diff
eren
tial
dia
gno
sis
and
man
agem
ent
of
com
mo
n p
uerp
eral
co
mp
licat
ions.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F, E
ssay
1d
, 2b
Bo
wes
WA
, Kat
z, V
L. P
ost
par
tum
car
e. In: G
abb
e S
G, N
ieb
yl JR
, Sim
pso
n JL,
ed
ito
rs.
Ob
stet
rics
: no
rmal
and
pro
ble
m p
regn
anci
es. 4
th e
d. N
ew Y
ork
: Chur
chill
Livi
ngs
tone,
20
02
. p. 7
01
-28
.
8.V
agin
al B
leed
ing -
Th
ird
Tri
mest
er
a.D
escr
ibe
the
diff
eren
tial
dia
gno
sis
and
man
agem
ent
of
thir
d t
rim
este
r b
leed
ing.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bC
unnin
gham
FG
, Will
iam
s JW
. Ob
stet
rica
l hem
orr
hag
e. In: C
unnin
gham
FG
, et
al.
Will
iam
s o
bst
etri
cs. 2
1st
ed
. New
Yo
rk: M
cGra
w-H
ill, 2
00
1. p
. 61
9-7
0.
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
etri
cian
s an
d G
ynec
olo
gist
s. A
CO
G T
echnic
al B
ulle
tin
Num
ber
18
7. U
ltra
sono
grap
hy
in p
regn
ancy
. Was
hin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts,
Dec
19
93
. Int
J G
ynae
col O
bst
et. 1
99
4Fe
b;4
4(2
):1
73
-83
.
b.
Out
line
the
init
ial m
anag
emen
t p
lan f
or
sho
ckse
cond
ary
to a
cute
blo
od
loss
.K
no
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bC
unnin
gham
FG
, Will
iam
s JW
. Ob
stet
rica
l hem
orr
hag
e. In: C
unnin
gham
FG
, et
al.
Will
iam
s o
bst
etri
cs. 2
1st
ed
. New
Yo
rk: M
cGra
w-H
ill, 2
00
1. p
. 61
9-7
0.
44
Co
mp
. I.
C.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cyle
velc
om
pet
ency
or
skill
asfo
und
inth
eA
CG
ME
Out
com
eP
roje
ctan
dd
efin
edas
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
tsLa
ngu
age
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
ES
epte
mb
er2
81
99
9
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
C.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
an
d f
un
ctio
ns
that
are
sp
eci
fic
to w
om
en
.
8.
Vagin
al B
leed
ing -
Th
ird
Tri
mest
er
c.Li
st t
he
ind
icat
ions
for
and
po
tenti
al c
om
plic
atio
ns
of
tran
sfus
ion o
f b
loo
d p
rod
ucts
.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Cun
nin
gham
FG
, Will
iam
s JW
. Ob
stet
rica
l hem
orr
hag
e. In: C
unnin
gham
FG
, et
al.
Will
iam
s o
bst
etri
cs. 2
1st
ed
. New
Yo
rk: M
cGra
w-H
ill, 2
00
1. p
. 61
9-7
0.
9.P
reecl
am
psi
a-E
clam
psi
a S
ynd
rom
e
a.D
escr
ibe
the
diff
eren
tial
dia
gno
sis
and
man
agem
ent
of
hyp
erte
nsi
on in
pre
gnan
cy.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bC
unnin
gham
FG
, Will
iam
s JW
. Hyp
erte
nsi
ve d
iso
rder
s in
pre
gnan
cy. I
n: C
unnin
gham
FG, e
t al
. Will
iam
s o
bst
etri
cs. 2
1st
ed
. New
Yo
rk: M
cGra
w-H
ill, 2
00
1. p
. 56
7-6
18
.
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
etri
cian
s an
d G
ynec
olo
gist
s. A
CO
G P
ract
ice
Bul
leti
nN
umb
er 2
9. C
hro
nic
hyp
erte
nsi
on in
pre
gnan
cy. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts,
Jul
20
01
. Ob
stet
Gyn
eco
l. 2
00
1Ju
l;98
(1):
17
7-9
2.
b.
Des
crib
e th
e p
atho
phys
iolo
gy o
f p
reec
lam
psi
a-ec
lam
psi
a sy
nd
rom
e.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Cun
nin
gham
FG
, Will
iam
s JW
. Hyp
erte
nsi
ve d
iso
rder
s in
pre
gnan
cy. I
n: F
GC
unnin
gham
, et
al. W
illia
ms
ob
stet
rics
. 21
st e
d. N
ew Y
ork
: McG
raw
-Hill
, 20
01
. p.
56
7-6
18
.
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
etri
cian
s an
d G
ynec
olo
gist
s. A
CO
G P
ract
ice
Bul
leti
nN
umb
er 3
3. D
iagn
osi
s an
d m
anag
emen
t o
f p
reec
lam
psi
a an
d e
clam
psi
a.W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts,
Jan
20
02
.In
t J G
ynae
col O
bst
et. 2
00
2 A
pr;
77
(1):
67
-75
.
c.O
utlin
e th
e d
iffer
enti
al d
iagn
osi
s an
d m
anag
emen
to
f p
reec
lam
psi
a-ec
lam
psi
a sy
nd
rom
e.K
no
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F, E
ssay
1d
, 2b
Cun
nin
gham
FG
, Will
iam
s JW
. Hyp
erte
nsi
ve d
iso
rder
s in
pre
gnan
cy. I
n: C
unnin
gham
FG, e
t al
. Will
iam
s o
bst
etri
cs. 2
1st
ed
. New
Yo
rk: M
cGra
w-H
ill, 2
00
1. p
. 56
7-6
18
.
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
etri
cian
s an
d G
ynec
olo
gist
s. A
CO
G P
ract
ice
Bul
leti
nN
umb
er 3
3. D
iagn
osi
s an
d m
anag
emen
t o
f p
reec
lam
psi
a an
d e
clam
psi
a.W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts,
Jan
20
02
.In
t J G
ynae
col O
bst
et. 2
00
2 A
pr;
77
(1):
67
-75
.
10
.Sp
on
tan
eo
us
Pre
gn
an
cy L
oss
an
d E
cto
pic
Pre
gn
an
cy
a.D
escr
ibe
the
diff
eren
tial
dia
gno
sis
and
man
agem
ent
of
ble
edin
g an
d a
bd
om
inal
pai
n in
the
first
tri
mes
ter.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bM
ishel
l DR
Jr.
Ect
op
ic p
regn
ancy
: eti
olo
gy, p
atho
logy
, dia
gno
sis,
man
agem
ent,
fert
ility
pro
gno
sis.
In: S
tench
ever
MA
, et
al. C
om
pre
hen
sive
gyn
eco
logy
. 4th
ed
. St.
Loui
s: M
osb
y, 2
00
1. p
. 44
3-7
8.
Yao
MW
M, H
ill JA
. Vag
inal
ble
edin
g in
pre
gnan
cy a
nd
ect
op
ic p
regn
ancy
. In: C
arls
on
KJ,
Eise
nst
at S
A, e
dit
ors
. Pri
mar
y ca
re o
f w
om
en. 2
nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p.
47
4-8
0.
b.
List
the
com
plic
atio
ns
of
spo
nta
neo
us a
bo
rtio
n.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Mis
hel
l DR
Jr.
Sp
onta
neo
us a
nd
rec
urre
nt
abo
rtio
n: e
tio
logy
, dia
gno
sis,
tre
atm
ent.
In: S
tench
ever
MA
, et
al. C
om
pre
hen
sive
gyn
eco
logy
. 4th
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
01
. p. 4
14
-42
.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
45
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Wo
men
’s H
ealt
h C
are
Co
mp
eten
cies
fo
r M
edic
al S
tud
ents
: Ta
kin
g S
tep
s to
In
clu
de
Sex
an
d G
end
er D
iffe
ren
ces
in t
he
Cu
rric
ulu
m
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
C.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
an
d f
un
ctio
ns
that
are
sp
eci
fic
to w
om
en
.
10
.S
po
nta
neo
us
Pre
gn
an
cy L
oss
an
d E
cto
pic
Pre
gn
an
cy
c.D
efin
e re
curr
ent
abo
rtio
n.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Mis
hel
l DR
Jr.
Sp
onta
neo
us a
nd
rec
urre
nt
abo
rtio
n: e
tio
logy
, dia
gno
sis,
tre
atm
ent.
In: S
tench
ever
MA
, et
al. C
om
pre
hen
sive
gyn
eco
logy
. 4th
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
01
. p. 4
14
-42
.
d.
List
ris
k fa
cto
rs f
or
ecto
pic
pre
gnan
cy.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Mis
hel
l DR
Jr.
Ect
op
ic p
regn
ancy
: eti
olo
gy, p
atho
logy
, dia
gno
sis,
man
agem
ent,
fert
ility
pro
gno
sis.
In: S
tench
ever
MA
, et
al. C
om
pre
hen
sive
gyn
eco
logy
. 4th
ed
. St.
Loui
s: M
osb
y, 2
00
1. p
. 44
3-7
8.
Sto
vall
TG
. Ear
ly p
regn
ancy
loss
and
ect
op
ic p
regn
ancy
. In: B
erek
JS
, ed
ito
r. N
ova
k's
gynec
olo
gy. 1
3th
ed
. Phila
del
phia
: Lip
pin
cott
Will
iam
s &
Wilk
ins,
20
02
. p. 5
07
-42
.
11
.P
rete
rm L
ab
or
a.D
escr
ibe
the
bio
mo
lecu
lar
bas
is o
f p
rete
rm la
bo
r.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Cun
nin
gham
FG
, Will
iam
s JW
. Pre
term
bir
th. I
n: C
unnin
gham
FG
, et
al. W
illia
ms
ob
stet
rics
. 21
st e
d. N
ew Y
ork
: McG
raw
-Hill
, 20
01
. p. 6
96
-9.
b.
List
clin
ical
ris
k fa
cto
rs f
or
pre
term
lab
or.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
etri
cian
s an
d G
ynec
olo
gist
s. A
CO
G P
ract
ice
Bul
leti
nN
umb
er 3
1. A
sses
smen
t o
f ri
sk f
acto
rs f
or
pre
term
bir
th. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts,
Oct
20
01
. Ob
stet
Gyn
eco
l. 2
00
1O
ct;9
8(4
):7
09
-16
.
Cun
nin
gham
FG
, Will
iam
s JW
. Pre
term
bir
th. I
n: C
unnin
gham
FG
, et
al. W
illia
ms
ob
stet
rics
. 21
st e
d. N
ew Y
ork
: McG
raw
-Hill
, 20
01
. p. 7
04
.
c.D
escr
ibe
the
diff
eren
tial
dia
gno
sis
and
man
agem
ent
of
pre
term
lab
or.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 1
f, 2
bC
unnin
gham
FG
, Will
iam
s JW
. Pre
term
bir
th. I
n: C
unnin
gham
FG
, et
al. W
illia
ms
ob
stet
rics
. 21
st e
d. N
ew Y
ork
: McG
raw
-Hill
, 20
01
. p. 7
08
-18
.
12
.M
ate
rnal an
d N
ew
bo
rn M
ort
ality
a.D
efin
e an
d e
stim
ate
the
mat
ernal
dea
th r
ate
inva
rio
us c
oun
trie
s.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
, 6b
Unit
ed N
atio
ns
Po
pul
atio
n F
und
. Mat
ernal
Mo
rtal
ity
in 2
00
0: E
stim
ates
dev
elo
ped
by
WH
O, U
NIC
EF, a
nd
UN
FPA
. UN
FPA
[re
po
rt o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. N
ew Y
ork
: Unit
edN
atio
ns
Po
pul
atio
n F
und
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
21
]. A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.u
nfp
a.o
rg/u
plo
ad/l
ib_p
ub_f
ile/2
37
_file
nam
e_m
ater
nal
_mo
rtal
ity_
20
00
.pd
f.
b.
List
co
mm
on c
ause
s o
f m
ater
nal
dea
th in
dev
elo
ped
and
dev
elo
pin
g co
untr
ies.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
, 6b
Po
ole
JH
, Lo
ng
J. M
ater
nal
mo
rtal
ity-
-a r
evie
w o
f cu
rren
t tr
end
s. C
rit
Car
e N
urs
Clin
No
rth A
m. 2
00
4 Jun
;16
(2):
22
7-3
0.
c.D
iffer
enti
ate
bet
wee
n f
etal
, neo
nat
al, a
nd
per
inat
ald
eath
rat
es.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F2
bB
eckm
ann C
RB
, Lin
g FW
, Bar
zansk
y B
M, H
erb
ert
WN
P, L
aub
e D
W. A
nte
par
tum
. In:
Bec
kman
n C
RB
, et
al. O
bst
etri
cs a
nd
gyn
eco
logy
. 4th
ed
. Bal
tim
ore
: Lip
pin
cott
Will
iam
s &
Wilk
ins,
20
02
. p. 9
5-6
.
d.
Des
crib
e th
e co
mm
on c
ause
s o
f fe
tal d
eath
in e
ach
trim
este
r.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Silv
er R
M, B
ranch
DW
. Sp
ora
dic
and
rec
urre
nt
pre
gnan
cy lo
ss. I
n: R
eece
EA
,H
ob
bin
s JC
, ed
ito
rs. M
edic
ine
of
the
fetu
s an
d m
oth
er. 2
nd
ed
. Phila
del
phia
:Li
pp
inco
tt-R
aven
, 19
99
. p. 1
95
-21
6.
e.D
escr
ibe
the
sym
pto
ms,
phys
ical
fin
din
gs, a
nd
dia
gno
stic
met
ho
ds
to c
onfir
m t
he
dia
gno
sis
of
feta
ld
eath
.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bB
eckm
ann C
RB
, Lin
g FW
, Bar
zansk
y B
M, H
erb
ert
WN
P, L
aub
e D
W. A
nte
par
tum
. In:
Bec
kman
n C
RB
, et
al. O
bst
etri
cs a
nd
gyn
eco
logy
. 4th
ed
. Bal
tim
ore
: Lip
pin
cott
Will
iam
s &
Wilk
ins,
20
02
. p. 9
5-6
.
46
Co
mp
. I.
C.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cyle
velc
om
pet
ency
or
skill
asfo
und
inth
eA
CG
ME
Out
com
eP
roje
ctan
dd
efin
edas
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
tsLa
ngu
age
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
ES
epte
mb
er2
81
99
9
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
C.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
an
d f
un
ctio
ns
that
are
sp
eci
fic
to w
om
en
.
12
.M
ate
rnal an
d N
ew
bo
rn M
ort
ality
f.D
escr
ibe
the
mat
ernal
co
mp
licat
ions
of
feta
l dea
th,
incl
udin
g d
isse
min
ated
intr
avas
cula
r co
agul
op
athy.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Bec
kman
n C
RB
, Lin
g FW
, Bar
zansk
y B
M, H
erb
ert
WN
P, L
aub
e D
W. A
nte
par
tum
. In:
Bec
kman
n C
RB
, et
al. O
bst
etri
cs a
nd
gyn
eco
logy
. 4th
ed
. Bal
tim
ore
: Lip
pin
cott
Will
iam
s &
Wilk
ins,
20
02
. p. 9
5-6
.
13
.Peri
nata
l P
sych
iatr
ic D
iso
rders
a.D
escr
ibe
the
diff
eren
tial
dia
gno
sis
and
man
agem
ent
of
dep
ress
ion d
urin
g p
regn
ancy
.K
no
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bK
orn
stei
n S
G. T
he
eval
uati
on a
nd
man
agem
ent
of
dep
ress
ion in
wo
men
acr
oss
the
life
span
. J C
lin P
sych
iatr
y. 2
00
1;6
2 S
upp
l 24
:11
-7.
b.
List
ris
k fa
cto
rs f
or
po
stp
artu
m d
epre
ssio
n a
nd
psy
cho
sis.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Sto
we
ZN
, Nem
ero
ff C
B. W
om
en a
t ri
sk f
or
po
stp
artu
m-o
nse
t m
ajo
r d
epre
ssio
n. A
mJ O
bst
et G
ynec
ol.
19
95
Aug
;17
3(2
):6
39
-45
.
c.D
escr
ibe
the
diff
eren
tial
dia
gno
sis
and
man
agem
ent
of
po
stp
artu
m d
epre
ssio
n a
nd
psy
cho
sis.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bC
iott
i MC
. Po
stp
artu
m d
epre
ssio
n. I
n: A
sso
ciat
ion o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
. Wo
men
's h
ealt
h: A
tea
chin
g gu
ide
to p
sych
oso
cial
issu
es. W
ashin
gto
n,
DC
: Ass
oci
atio
n o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
, 20
00
. p.1
89
-20
6.
Ho
stet
ter
AL,
Sto
we
ZN
. P
ost
par
tum
mo
od
dis
ord
ers:
iden
tific
atio
n a
nd
tre
atm
ent.
In: L
ewis
-Hal
l F, e
t al
. Psy
chia
tric
illn
ess
in w
om
en: e
mer
ging
trea
tmen
ts a
nd
rese
arch
. 1st
ed
. Was
hin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Psy
chia
tric
Pub
., 2
00
2. p
.13
3-5
6.
Bur
t V
K, S
uri R
, Alt
shul
er L
, Sto
we
Z, H
end
rick
VC
, Mun
tean
E. T
he
use
of
psy
cho
tro
pic
med
icat
ions
dur
ing
bre
ast-
feed
ing.
Am
J P
sych
iatr
y. 2
00
1Ju
l;15
8(7
):1
00
1-9
.
14
.Men
op
au
se a
nd
Po
ssib
le S
eq
uela
e (
See a
lso
Co
mp
. V
I.1
5.
Po
stm
en
op
au
sal H
orm
on
e R
ep
lace
men
t T
hera
py)
a.D
escr
ibe
the
chan
ges
in t
he
hyp
oth
alam
ic-p
itui
tary
-o
vari
an a
xis
asso
ciat
ed w
ith
per
imen
op
ause
/men
op
ause
.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
Essa
y2
bS
per
off
L. M
eno
pau
se a
nd
the
per
imen
op
ausa
l tra
nsi
tio
n. I
n: S
per
off
L, G
lass
RH
,K
ase
NG
. Clin
ical
gyn
eco
logi
c en
do
crin
olo
gy a
nd
infe
rtili
ty. 6
th e
d. P
hila
del
phia
:Li
pp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s, 1
99
9. p
. 64
3-7
24
.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
47
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Wo
men
’s H
ealt
h C
are
Co
mp
eten
cies
fo
r M
edic
al S
tud
ents
: Ta
kin
g S
tep
s to
In
clu
de
Sex
an
d G
end
er D
iffe
ren
ces
in t
he
Cu
rric
ulu
m
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
C.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
an
d f
un
ctio
ns
that
are
sp
eci
fic
to w
om
en
.
14
.M
en
op
au
se a
nd
Po
ssib
le S
eq
uela
e (
See a
lso
Co
mp
. V
I.1
5.
Po
stm
en
op
au
sal H
orm
on
e R
ep
lace
men
t T
hera
py)
b.
Des
crib
e th
e ev
alua
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
ent
of
com
mo
n m
eno
pau
sal a
nd
per
imen
op
ausa
lsy
mp
tom
s.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bS
per
off
L. M
eno
pau
se a
nd
the
per
imen
op
ausa
l tra
nsi
tio
n. I
n: S
per
off
L, G
lass
RH
,K
ase
NG
. Clin
ical
gyn
eco
logi
c en
do
crin
olo
gy a
nd
infe
rtili
ty. 6
th e
d. P
hila
del
phia
:Li
pp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s, 1
99
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. 64
3-7
24
.
Lob
o R
A, e
dit
or.
Tre
atm
ent
of
the
po
stm
eno
pau
sal w
om
an: b
asic
and
clin
ical
asp
ects
. 2nd
ed
. Phila
del
phia
: Lip
pin
cott
Will
iam
s &
Wilk
ins,
19
99
.
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
etri
cian
s an
d G
ynec
olo
gist
s. A
CO
G T
echnic
al B
ulle
tin
Num
ber
21
0. H
ealt
h m
ainte
nan
ce f
or
per
imen
op
ausa
l wo
men
. Was
hin
gto
n, D
C:
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
etri
cian
s an
d G
ynec
olo
gist
s, A
ug 1
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nt
J G
ynae
col
Ob
stet
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95
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v;5
1(2
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71
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.
Ass
oci
atio
n o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
. AP
GO
Ed
ucat
ional
Ser
ies
on W
om
en's
Hea
lth. I
mp
rovi
ng
qua
lity
of
life
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men
op
ause
: the
role
fo
rho
rmo
ne
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lace
men
t th
erap
y. C
roft
on, M
D: A
sso
ciat
ion o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
fG
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
, 20
02
.
Ho
rmo
ne
Ther
apy.
Ob
stet
Gyn
eco
l. 2
00
4 O
ct;1
04
(4)
Sup
pl.
c.Li
st lo
ng-
term
chan
ges
asso
ciat
ed w
ith m
eno
pau
se.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Mis
hel
l DR
Jr.
Men
op
ause
: end
ocr
ino
logy
, co
nse
que
nce
s o
f es
tro
gen d
efic
iency
,ef
fect
s o
f ho
rmo
nal
rep
lace
men
t th
erap
y, t
reat
men
t re
gim
ens.
In: S
tench
ever
MA
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hen
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eco
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ed
. S
t. L
oui
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osb
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17
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.
15
.B
en
ign
Vagin
al an
d V
ulv
ar
Dis
ease
a.D
escr
ibe
the
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eren
tial
dia
gno
sis
and
man
agem
ent
of
vagi
nit
is.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
1d
, 2b
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
etri
cian
s an
d G
ynec
olo
gist
s. A
CO
G T
echnic
al B
ulle
tin
Num
ber
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agin
itis
. Was
hin
gto
n, D
C: A
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GO
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en's
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Dia
gno
sis
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ashin
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n, D
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Ob
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Per
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inte
rpre
t a
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unt
mic
rosc
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icex
amin
atio
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Sho
ws
Ho
wO
SC
E1
fA
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
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Gyn
eco
logi
sts.
AC
OG
Tec
hnic
al B
ulle
tin
Num
ber
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agin
itis
. Was
hin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Co
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ans
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Gyn
eco
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sts,
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Ass
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atio
n o
f P
rofe
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f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
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rics
. AP
GO
Ed
ucat
ional
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om
en's
Hea
lth Iss
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Dia
gno
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vagi
nit
is. W
ashin
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n, D
C: A
sso
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rofe
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rs o
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ynec
olo
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c.D
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wee
n n
orm
al a
nd
ab
no
rmal
anat
om
y o
f th
e va
gina.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F,S
imul
atio
ns
2b
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erso
n JR
, Gen
adry
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nat
om
y an
d e
mb
ryo
logy
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ito
r. N
ova
k's
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olo
gy. 1
3th
ed
. Phila
del
phia
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pin
cott
Will
iam
s &
Wilk
ins,
20
02
. p. 6
9-1
21
.
48
Co
mp
. I.
C.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cyle
velc
om
pet
ency
or
skill
asfo
und
inth
eA
CG
ME
Out
com
eP
roje
ctan
dd
efin
edas
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
tsLa
ngu
age
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
ES
epte
mb
er2
81
99
9
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
C.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
an
d f
un
ctio
ns
that
are
sp
eci
fic
to w
om
en
.
15
.B
en
ign
Vagin
al an
d V
ulv
ar
Dis
ease
d.
Des
crib
e th
e d
iffer
enti
al d
iagn
osi
s an
d m
anag
emen
to
f co
mm
on v
ulva
r co
mp
lain
ts.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bA
dam
s H
illar
d P
J. B
enig
n d
isea
ses
of
the
fem
ale
rep
rod
ucti
ve t
ract
: sym
pto
ms
and
sign
s. In: B
erek
JS
, ed
ito
r. N
ova
k's
gynec
olo
gy 1
3th
ed
. Phila
del
phia
: Lip
pin
cott
Will
iam
s &
Wilk
ins,
20
02
. p. 3
51
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Mic
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wit
z H
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ign v
ulva
r d
iso
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J, Ei
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at S
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dit
ors
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mar
yca
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f w
om
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Nat
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var
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oci
atio
n [
ho
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age
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he
Inte
rnet
]. S
ilver
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ring,
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var
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atio
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cite
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ct 2
1].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
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.(i)
Gyn
eco
logic
Can
cers
- C
erv
ical N
eo
pla
sia
a.D
escr
ibe
the
pat
ho
genes
is o
f ce
rvic
al n
eop
lasi
a.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
etri
cian
s an
d G
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olo
gist
s. A
CO
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ulle
tin
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3. G
enit
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uman
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illo
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irus
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ctio
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n, D
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a P
J, C
reas
man
WT
. Clin
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gyn
eco
logi
c o
nco
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ed
. St.
Lo
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20
02
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b.
Des
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e th
e sy
mp
tom
s an
d p
hys
ical
fin
din
gs o
fce
rvic
itis
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cer
vica
l neo
pla
sia.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
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an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
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s an
d G
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ulle
tin
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3. C
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man
agem
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of
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n, D
C: A
mer
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KF
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an C
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ge o
f O
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om
mit
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umb
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47
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utin
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reen
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hin
gto
n, D
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ans
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Gyn
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Dec
20
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2(2
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Nat
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Cer
vica
l Can
cer
Co
alit
ion [
ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. B
erke
ley,
CA
:N
atio
nal
Cer
vica
l Can
cer
Co
alit
ion [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct 2
1].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
:htt
p:/
/ww
w.n
ccc-
onlin
e.o
rg/.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
49
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
C.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
an
d f
un
ctio
ns
that
are
sp
eci
fic
to w
om
en
.
16
.(i
) G
yneco
logic
Can
cers
- C
erv
ical N
eo
pla
sia
d.
Per
form
an a
deq
uate
pap
sm
ear.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
fJo
hnso
n C
A. P
apan
ico
lao
u sm
ear.
In: J
ohnso
n B
E, e
t al
., ed
ito
rs. W
om
en's
hea
lth c
are
han
db
oo
k. 2
nd
ed
. Phila
del
phia
: Han
ley
& B
elfu
s, Inc,
20
00
.p
. 58
4-9
0.
e.O
utlin
e a
man
agem
ent
pla
n f
or
a p
atie
nt
wit
h a
nab
no
rmal
pap
sm
ear.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
c, 1
d, 1
h, 2
bA
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts.
AC
OG
Tec
hnic
al B
ulle
tin
Num
ber
18
3. C
ervi
cal c
yto
logy
: eva
luat
ion a
nd
man
agem
ent
of
abno
rmal
itie
s.W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts,
Aug
19
93
.In
t J G
ynae
col O
bst
et. 1
99
3 N
ov;
43
(2):
21
2-9
.
Sp
itze
r M
. Co
lpo
sco
py
and
the
eval
uati
on a
nd
tre
atm
ent
of
abno
rmal
Pap
sm
ears
.In
: Sel
tzer
VL,
Pea
rse
WH
, ed
ito
rs. W
om
en's
pri
mar
y hea
lth c
are:
off
ice
pra
ctic
e an
dp
roce
dur
es. 2
nd
ed
. New
Yo
rk: M
cGra
w-H
ill, 2
00
0. p
. 47
7-9
2.
f.D
escr
ibe
the
man
agem
ent
and
pro
gno
sis
of
inva
sive
cerv
ical
can
cer
by
his
tolo
gy a
nd
sta
ge.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l1
d, 2
bN
atio
nal
Can
cer
Inst
itut
e. C
ervi
cal C
ance
r (P
DQ
): T
reat
men
t o
pti
on o
verv
iew
[mo
no
grap
h o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. B
ethes
da,
MD
: Nat
ional
Can
cer
Inst
itut
e [c
ited
20
04
Oct
21
]. A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.c
ance
r.go
v/ca
nce
rto
pic
s/p
dq
/tre
atm
ent/
cerv
ical
/Hea
lthP
rofe
ssio
nal
/pag
e4.
DiS
aia
PJ,
Cre
asm
an W
T. I
nva
sive
cer
vica
l can
cer.
In: D
iSai
a P
J, C
reas
man
WT
.C
linic
al g
ynec
olo
gic
onco
logy
. 6th
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 5
1-1
06
.
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
etri
cian
s an
d G
ynec
olo
gist
s. A
CO
G P
ract
ice
Bul
leti
n.
Num
ber
35
. Dia
gno
sis
and
tre
atm
ent
of
cerv
ical
car
cino
mas
. Was
hin
gto
n, D
C:
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
etri
cian
s an
d G
ynec
olo
gist
s, M
ay 2
00
2. I
nt
J G
ynae
col
Ob
stet
. 20
02
Jul
;78
(1):
79
-91
.
16
.(ii)
Gyn
eco
logic
Can
cers
- V
ulv
ar
Neo
pla
sms
a.Li
st t
he
risk
fac
tors
fo
r vu
lvar
neo
pla
sia.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
DiS
aia
PJ,
Cre
asm
an W
T. P
rein
vasi
ve d
isea
se o
f th
e va
gina
and
vul
va. I
n: D
iSai
a P
J,C
reas
man
WT
. Clin
ical
gyn
eco
logi
c o
nco
logy
. 6th
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 3
3-5
0.
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
etri
cian
s an
d G
ynec
olo
gist
s. A
CO
G T
echnic
al B
ulle
tin
Num
ber
18
6. V
ulva
r ca
nce
r. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts,
No
v 1
99
3. I
nt
J G
ynae
col O
bst
et. 1
99
4 Jan
;44
(1):
79
-85
.
b.
Des
crib
e th
e d
iffer
enti
al d
iagn
osi
s an
d m
anag
emen
to
f vu
lvar
neo
pla
sms.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bA
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts.
AC
OG
Tec
hnic
al B
ulle
tin
Num
ber
18
6. V
ulva
r ca
nce
r. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts,
No
v 1
99
3. I
nt
J G
ynae
col O
bst
et. 1
99
4 Jan
;44
(1):
79
-85
.
DiS
aia
PJ,
Cre
asm
an W
T. I
nva
sive
can
cer
of
the
vulv
a. In: D
iSai
a P
J, C
reas
man
WT
.C
linic
al g
ynec
olo
gic
onco
logy
. 6th
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 2
02
-32
.
Nat
ional
Can
cer
Inst
itut
e. V
ulva
r C
ance
r [h
om
epag
e o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. B
ethes
da,
MD
: Nat
ional
Can
cer
Inst
itut
e [c
ited
20
04
Oct
21
]. A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/can
cer.
gov/
cance
rto
pic
s/ty
pes
/vul
var.
50
Wo
men
’s H
ealt
h C
are
Co
mp
eten
cies
fo
r M
edic
al S
tud
ents
: Ta
kin
g S
tep
s to
In
clu
de
Sex
an
d G
end
er D
iffe
ren
ces
in t
he
Cu
rric
ulu
m
Co
mp
. I.
C.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cyle
velc
om
pet
ency
or
skill
asfo
und
inth
eA
CG
ME
Out
com
eP
roje
ctan
dd
efin
edas
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
tsLa
ngu
age
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
ES
epte
mb
er2
81
99
9
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
C.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
an
d f
un
ctio
ns
that
are
sp
eci
fic
to w
om
en
.
16
.(i
ii)
Gyn
eco
logic
Can
cers
- O
vari
an
Neo
pla
sms
a.D
escr
ibe
the
clin
ical
pre
senta
tio
n, d
iffer
enti
ald
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
man
agem
ent
of
adnex
al m
asse
s.K
no
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bA
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts.
AC
OG
Ed
ucat
ional
Bul
leti
nN
umb
er 2
50
. Ova
rian
can
cer.
Was
hin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts,
Aug
19
98
. Int
J G
ynae
col O
bst
et. 1
99
8 D
ec;6
3(3
):3
01
-10
.
DiS
aia
PJ,
Cre
asm
an W
T. T
he
adnex
al m
ass
and
ear
ly o
vari
an t
umo
rs. I
n: D
iSai
a P
J,C
reas
man
WT
. Clin
ical
gyn
eco
logi
c o
nco
logy
. 6th
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p.
25
3-8
1.
b.
List
the
risk
fac
tors
fo
r o
vari
an c
ance
r.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
etri
cian
s an
d G
ynec
olo
gist
s. A
CO
G E
duc
atio
nal
Bul
leti
nN
umb
er 2
50
. Ova
rian
can
cer.
Was
hin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts,
Aug
19
98
. Int
J G
ynae
col O
bst
et. 1
99
8 D
ec;6
3(3
):3
01
-10
.
DiS
aia
PJ,
Cre
asm
an W
T. T
he
adnex
al m
ass
and
ear
ly o
vari
an t
umo
rs. I
n: D
iSai
a P
J,C
reas
man
WT
. Clin
ical
gyn
eco
logi
c o
nco
logy
. 6th
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p.
25
3-8
1.
c.D
escr
ibe
the
man
agem
ent
and
pro
gno
sis
of
ova
rian
cance
r b
y his
tolo
gy a
nd
sta
ge.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bA
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts.
AC
OG
Ed
ucat
ional
Bul
leti
nN
umb
er 2
50
. Ova
rian
can
cer.
Was
hin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts,
Aug
19
98
. Int
J G
ynae
col O
bst
et. 1
99
8 D
ec;6
3(3
):3
01
-10
.
DiS
aia
PJ an
d C
reas
man
WT
. Ep
ithel
ial o
vari
an c
ance
r. G
erm
cel
l, st
rom
al, a
nd
oth
ero
vari
an t
umo
rs. I
n. D
iSai
a P
J an
d C
reas
man
WT
. Clin
ical
gyn
eco
logi
c o
nco
logy
. 6th
ed. S
t Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 2
82
-37
4.
Nat
ional
Can
cer
Inst
itut
e. O
vari
an C
ance
r [h
om
epag
e o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. B
ethes
da,
MD
: Nat
ional
Can
cer
Inst
itut
e [c
ited
20
04
Oct
21
]. A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/can
cer.
gov/
cance
rto
pic
s/ty
pes
/ova
rian
/.
16
.(iv
) G
yneco
logic
Can
cers
- E
nd
om
etr
ial C
an
cer
a.Li
st t
he
risk
fac
tors
fo
r en
do
met
rial
neo
pla
sia.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
etri
cian
s an
d G
ynec
olo
gist
s. A
CO
G T
echnic
al B
ulle
tin
Num
ber
16
2. C
arci
no
ma
of
the
end
om
etri
um. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts,
Dec
19
91
. Int
J G
ynae
col O
bst
et. 1
99
3M
ar;4
0(3
):2
55
-61
.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
51
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
C.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
an
d f
un
ctio
ns
that
are
sp
eci
fic
to w
om
en
.
16
.(i
v) G
yneco
logic
Can
cers
- E
nd
om
etr
ial C
an
cer
b.
Des
crib
e th
e d
iffer
enti
al d
iagn
osi
s, m
anag
emen
t,an
d p
rogn
osi
s o
f en
do
met
rial
hyp
erp
lasi
a an
dca
rcin
om
a ac
ross
the
lifec
ycle
.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
b, 5
cD
iSai
a P
J, C
reas
man
WT
. End
om
etri
al h
yper
pla
sia/
Estr
oge
n t
her
apy.
In: D
iSai
a P
J,C
reas
man
WT
. Clin
ical
gyn
eco
logi
c o
nco
logy
. 6th
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p.
10
7-3
3.
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
etri
cian
s an
d G
ynec
olo
gist
s. A
CO
G T
echnic
al B
ulle
tin
Num
ber
16
2. C
arci
no
ma
of
the
end
om
etri
um. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts,
Dec
19
91
. Int
J G
ynae
col O
bst
et. 1
99
3M
ar;4
0(3
):2
55
-61
.
Nat
ional
Can
cer
Inst
itut
e. E
nd
om
etri
al C
ance
r [h
om
epag
e o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
].B
ethes
da,
MD
: Nat
ional
Can
cer
Inst
itut
e [c
ited
20
04
Oct
21
]. A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/can
cer.
gov/
cance
rto
pic
s/ty
pes
/end
om
etri
al.
16
.(v)
Gyn
eco
logic
Can
cers
- G
est
ati
on
al T
rop
ho
bla
stic
Dis
ease
a.D
escr
ibe
the
bio
mo
lecu
lar
find
ings
in g
esta
tio
nal
tro
pho
bla
stic
dis
ease
.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
DiS
aia
PJ,
Cre
asm
an W
T. G
esta
tio
nal
tro
pho
bla
stic
neo
pla
sia.
In: D
iSai
a P
J,C
reas
man
WT
. Clin
ical
gyn
eco
logi
c o
nco
logy
. 6th
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p.
18
5-2
10
.
Fulo
p V
, Mo
k S
C, B
erko
wit
z R
S. M
ole
cula
r b
iolo
gy o
f ge
stat
ional
tro
pho
bla
stic
neo
pla
sia:
a r
evie
w. J
Rep
rod
Med
. 20
04
Jun
;49
(6):
41
5-2
2.
Mat
sud
a T
, Wak
e N
. Gen
etic
s an
d m
ole
cula
r m
arke
rs in
ges
tati
onal
tro
pho
bla
stic
dis
ease
wit
h s
pec
ial r
efer
ence
to
thei
r cl
inic
al a
pp
licat
ion. B
est
Pra
ct R
es C
linO
bst
et G
ynae
col.
20
03
Dec
;17
(6):
82
7-3
6.
b.
List
the
sign
s an
d s
ymp
tom
s in
a p
atie
nt
wit
hge
stat
ional
tro
pho
bla
stic
dis
ease
.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2a,
2b
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
etri
cian
s an
d G
ynec
olo
gist
s. A
CO
G T
echnic
al B
ulle
tin
Num
ber
17
8. M
anag
emen
t o
f ge
stat
ional
tro
pho
bla
stic
dis
ease
. Was
hin
gto
n, D
C:
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
etri
cian
s an
d G
ynec
olo
gist
s, M
ar 1
99
3. I
nt
J G
ynae
col
Ob
stet
. 19
93
Sep
;42
(3):
30
8-1
5.
Leve
no
KL,
et
al. G
esta
tio
nal
tro
pho
bla
stic
dis
ease
. In: L
even
o K
L, e
t al
. Will
iam
sm
anua
l of
ob
stet
rics
. 21
st e
d. N
ew Y
ork
: McG
raw
-Hill
, 20
03
. p. 4
54
-62
.
52
Co
mp
. I.
C.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cyle
velc
om
pet
ency
or
skill
asfo
und
inth
eA
CG
ME
Out
com
eP
roje
ctan
dd
efin
edas
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
tsLa
ngu
age
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
ES
epte
mb
er2
81
99
9
Co
mp
eten
cy:
I.E
xpla
in s
ex
an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
no
rmal d
eve
lop
men
t an
d p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy
as
they
ap
ply
to
pre
ven
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
en
t o
f d
isease
s.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
C.
Dis
cuss
th
e p
ath
op
hys
iolo
gy,
eti
olo
gy,
dif
fere
nti
al d
iagn
osi
s, a
nd
tre
atm
en
t o
pti
on
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
an
d f
un
ctio
ns
that
are
sp
eci
fic
to w
om
en
.
16
.(v
) G
yneco
logic
Can
cers
- G
est
ati
on
al T
rop
ho
bla
stic
Dis
ease
c.D
escr
ibe
the
diff
eren
tial
dia
gno
sis,
man
agem
ent,
and
pro
gno
sis
of
gest
atio
nal
tro
pho
bla
stic
dis
ease
.K
no
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bA
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts.
AC
OG
Tec
hnic
al B
ulle
tin
Num
ber
17
8. M
anag
emen
t o
f ge
stat
ional
tro
pho
bla
stic
dis
ease
. Was
hin
gto
n, D
C:
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
etri
cian
s an
d G
ynec
olo
gist
s, M
ar 1
99
3. I
nt
J G
ynae
col
Ob
stet
. 19
93
Sep
;42
(3):
30
8-1
5.
Leve
no
KL,
et
al. G
esta
tio
nal
tro
pho
bla
stic
dis
ease
. In: L
even
o K
L, e
t al
. Will
iam
sm
anua
l of
ob
stet
rics
. 21
st e
d. N
ew Y
ork
: McG
raw
-Hill
, 20
03
. p. 4
54
-62
.
Nat
ional
Can
cer
Inst
itut
e. G
esta
tio
nal
Tro
pho
bla
stic
Tum
or
[ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. B
ethes
da,
MD
: Nat
ional
Can
cer
Inst
itut
e [c
ited
20
04
Oct
21
]. A
vaila
ble
fro
m: h
ttp
://c
ance
r.go
v/ca
nce
rto
pic
s/ty
pes
/ges
tati
onal
tro
pho
bla
stic
.
Han
cock
BW
, Tid
y JA
. Cur
rent
man
agem
ent
of
mo
lar
pre
gnan
cy. J
Rep
rod
Med
.2
00
2 M
ay;4
7(5
):3
47
-54
.
II.
Eff
ect
ively
co
mm
un
icate
wit
h p
ati
en
ts,
dem
on
stra
tin
g a
ware
ness
of
gen
der
an
d c
ult
ura
l d
iffe
ren
ces.
a.D
escr
ibe
ho
w t
he
pat
ient'
s id
eas,
fee
lings
, bel
iefs
,ex
pec
tati
ons,
and
exp
erie
nce
of
illnes
s af
fect
hea
lth
out
com
es.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, Es
say
5c
Ste
war
t M
, Bro
wn JB
, Do
nner
A, M
cWhin
ney
IR
, Oat
es J, W
esto
n W
W, e
t al
. The
imp
act
of
pat
ient-
cente
red
car
e o
n o
utco
mes
. J F
am P
ract
. 20
00
Sep
;49
(9):
79
6-
80
4.
Kle
inm
an A
, Eis
enb
erg
L, G
oo
d B
. Cul
ture
, illn
ess,
and
car
e: c
linic
al le
sso
ns
fro
man
thro
po
logi
c an
d c
ross
-cul
tura
l res
earc
h. A
nn Inte
rn M
ed. 1
97
8 F
eb;8
8(2
):2
51
-8
.
Gab
bar
d-A
lley
AS
. Exp
lain
ing
illnes
s: a
n e
xam
inat
ion o
f m
essa
ge s
trat
egie
s an
dge
nd
er. I
n: W
hal
ey B
B, e
dit
or.
Exp
lain
ing
illnes
s: r
esea
rch, t
heo
ry, a
nd
str
ateg
ies.
Mah
wah
, NJ:
Law
rence
Erl
bau
m, 2
00
0. p
.14
7-7
0.
Ro
senfe
ld A
G, G
ilkes
on J. M
eanin
g o
f ill
nes
s fo
r w
om
en w
ith c
oro
nar
y hea
rt d
isea
se.
Hea
rt L
ung.
20
00
Mar
-Ap
r;2
9(2
):1
05
-12
.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
53
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Co
mp
eten
cy:
II.
Eff
ect
ively
co
mm
un
icate
wit
h p
ati
en
ts,
dem
on
stra
tin
g a
ware
ness
of
gen
der
an
d c
ult
ura
l d
iffe
ren
ces.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
b.
Des
crib
e th
e co
rrel
atio
n b
etw
een s
pec
ific
com
mun
icat
ion s
kills
and
clin
ical
out
com
es.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, Es
say
4a,
5c
Ste
war
t M
, Bro
wn JB
, Bo
on H
, Gal
ajd
a J,
Mer
edit
h L
, San
gste
r M
. Evi
den
ce o
np
atie
nt-
do
cto
r co
mm
unic
atio
n. C
ance
r P
rev
Co
ntr
ol.
19
99
Feb
;3(1
):2
5-3
0.
Ste
war
t M
A. E
ffec
tive
phys
icia
n-p
atie
nt
com
mun
icat
ion a
nd
hea
lth o
utco
mes
: are
view
. CM
AJ.
19
95
May
;15
2(9
):1
42
3-3
3.
Bec
k R
S, D
augh
trid
ge R
, Slo
ane
PD
. Phys
icia
n-p
atie
nt
com
mun
icat
ion in
the
pri
mar
yca
re o
ffic
e: a
sys
tem
atic
rev
iew
. J A
m B
oar
d F
am P
ract
. 20
02
Jan
-Feb
;15
(1):
25
-38
.
Teu
tsch
C. P
atie
nt-
do
cto
r co
mm
unic
atio
n. M
ed C
lin N
ort
h A
m. 2
00
3S
ep;8
7(5
):1
11
5-4
5.
54
Co
mp
. II
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cyle
velc
om
pet
ency
or
skill
asfo
und
inth
eA
CG
ME
Out
com
eP
roje
ctan
dd
efin
edas
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
tsLa
ngu
age
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
ES
epte
mb
er2
81
99
9
Co
mp
eten
cy:
II.
Eff
ect
ively
co
mm
un
icate
wit
h p
ati
en
ts,
dem
on
stra
tin
g a
ware
ness
of
gen
der
an
d c
ult
ura
l d
iffe
ren
ces.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
c.D
escr
ibe
ho
w s
ex, s
exua
lity,
gen
der
, and
soci
ocu
ltur
al f
acto
rs a
ffec
t co
mm
unic
atio
n b
y an
dw
ith f
emal
e p
atie
nts
.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, Es
say
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5c
Ro
ter
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Hal
l JA
, Ao
ki Y
. Phys
icia
n g
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ical
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mm
unic
atio
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ytic
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, Wai
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om
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l JA
, Ro
ter
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Do
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ients
tal
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iffer
entl
y to
mal
e an
d f
emal
e p
hys
icia
ns?
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eta
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ient
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uns.
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7-2
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Ale
xand
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L. P
erso
nal
and
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ual d
imen
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ns
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men
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ealt
h. I
n: A
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nd
er L
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tal
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ensi
ons
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en's
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lth. 3
rd e
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udb
ury,
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ublis
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h c
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t al
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om
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nce
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Gut
tman
N. E
thic
s in
hea
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om
mun
icat
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ho
mp
son T
L, e
t al
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ito
rs. H
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ok
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om
mun
icat
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ahw
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J: La
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tt F
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ord
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ve p
atie
nt
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roup
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eric
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he
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nta
tio
n s
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the
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n's
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stic
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rch Inte
rn M
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rum
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Eff
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icia
n a
nd
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ient
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er c
onco
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ce o
n p
atie
nt
sati
sfac
tio
n a
nd
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venti
ve c
are
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ctic
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00
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ury
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en's
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he
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r ge
nd
erse
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ty. W
om
ens
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lth Iss
ues.
20
02
Mar
-Ap
r;1
2(2
):6
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.
d.
Des
crib
e ho
w s
ex a
nd
gen
der
diff
eren
ces
affe
ct t
he
po
wer
diff
eren
tial
and
the
form
atio
n o
f a
ther
apeu
tic
rela
tio
nsh
ip b
etw
een t
he
clin
icia
n a
nd
pat
ient.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, Es
say
4a,
5a,
5b
, 5c
Gab
bar
d-A
lley
AS
. Exp
lain
ing
illnes
s: a
n e
xam
inat
ion o
f m
essa
ge s
trat
egie
s an
dge
nd
er. I
n: W
hal
ey B
B, e
dit
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Exp
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ing
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esea
rch, t
heo
ry, a
nd
str
ateg
ies.
Mah
wah
, NJ:
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rence
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m, 2
00
0. p
. 15
0-1
.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
55
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Wo
men
’s H
ealt
h C
are
Co
mp
eten
cies
fo
r M
edic
al S
tud
ents
: Ta
kin
g S
tep
s to
In
clu
de
Sex
an
d G
end
er D
iffe
ren
ces
in t
he
Cu
rric
ulu
m
Co
mp
eten
cy:
II.
Eff
ect
ively
co
mm
un
icate
wit
h p
ati
en
ts,
dem
on
stra
tin
g a
ware
ness
of
gen
der
an
d c
ult
ura
l d
iffe
ren
ces.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
e.D
emo
nst
rate
ho
w t
o g
ather
co
mp
rehen
sive
info
rmat
ion r
egar
din
g is
sues
that
are
uniq
ue t
o o
rm
anife
st d
iffer
entl
y in
wo
men
, incl
udin
g m
enst
rual
and
rep
rod
ucti
ve h
isto
ry, b
od
y im
age,
sub
stan
ceab
use,
men
tal h
ealt
h, s
exua
l his
tory
, per
sonal
vio
lence
, co
ntr
acep
tio
n, a
nd
inco
nti
nen
ce.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
a, 1
b, 4
a, 4
b,
5a,
5b
Lip
kin M
, Put
nam
SM
, Laz
are
A, e
dit
ors
. The
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ical
inte
rvie
w: c
linic
al c
are,
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atio
n, a
nd
res
earc
h. N
ew Y
ork
: Sp
ringe
r-V
erla
g, 1
99
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Co
uleh
an JL,
Blo
ck M
R, e
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ors
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rvie
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pri
mer
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r st
uden
ts o
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ear
t. 2
nd
ed
. Phila
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phia
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is, 1
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Mill
er W
R, R
olln
ick
S. M
oti
vati
onal
inte
rvie
win
g: p
rep
arin
g p
eop
le f
or
chan
ge. 2
nd
ed. N
ew Y
ork
: Gui
lford
Pre
ss, 2
00
2.
Ro
llnic
k S
, Mas
on P
, But
ler
C. H
ealt
h b
ehav
ior
chan
ge: a
gui
de
for
pra
ctit
ioner
s.Ed
inb
urgh
; New
Yo
rk: C
hur
chill
Liv
ings
tone,
19
99
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The
Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n (
AM
WA
) R
epro
duc
tive
Hea
lth Init
iati
ve.
RH
I M
od
el C
urri
culu
m, 2
nd
ed
. Mo
dul
e 2
(P
sych
oso
cial
Fac
tors
- S
ubst
ance
Ab
use,
Inti
mat
e P
artn
er V
iole
nce
and
Sex
ual A
ssau
lt, G
end
er Iss
ues
and
Hea
lth C
are)
;M
od
ule
3 (
Co
mm
unic
atio
n);
Mo
dul
e 6
(C
ontr
acep
tio
n)
[mo
dul
es o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
].A
lexa
nd
ria,
VA
: Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
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oci
atio
n, 2
00
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ble
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m:
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mw
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oc.
org
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f.In
tegr
ate
app
rop
riat
e sc
reen
ing
que
stio
ns
for
the
iden
tific
atio
n o
f su
bst
ance
ab
use,
hig
h-r
isk
sexu
alac
tivi
ty, a
nd
inte
rper
sonal
vio
lence
or
abus
e in
am
anner
that
dem
onst
rate
s em
pat
hy,
res
pec
t, a
nd
cult
ural
sen
siti
vity
.
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wS
P, O
SC
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b, 4
a, 4
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dle
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A, B
oyd
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r J,
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l SH
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om
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tner
vio
lence
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w t
o r
eco
gniz
e an
d t
reat
vic
tim
s o
f ab
use.
A g
uid
e fo
r p
hys
icia
ns
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oth
er h
ealt
hca
re p
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nal
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eric
an M
edic
al A
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ciat
ion. A
MA
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nce
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iagn
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idel
ines
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tic
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eric
an M
edic
alA
sso
ciat
ion, 2
00
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The
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eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n (
AM
WA
) R
epro
duc
tive
Hea
lth Init
iati
ve.
RH
I M
od
el C
urri
culu
m, 2
nd
ed
. Mo
dul
e 2
(P
sych
oso
cial
Fac
tors
- S
ubst
ance
Ab
use,
Inti
mat
e P
artn
er V
iole
nce
and
Sex
ual A
ssau
lt, R
ace/
Ethnic
ity
and
Hea
lth D
isp
arit
ies
Ove
rvie
w);
Mo
dul
e 3
(C
om
mun
icat
ion);
Mo
dul
e 4
(S
exua
lly T
ransm
itte
dD
isea
ses/
Sex
ual H
isto
ry T
akin
g) [
mo
dul
es o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
lexa
nd
ria,
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mer
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ical
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men
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sso
ciat
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00
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ww
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HI.
g.D
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nst
rate
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abili
ty t
o p
erfo
rm a
dan
ger
asse
ssm
ent
in a
wo
man
who
dis
clo
ses
vio
lence
or
abus
e.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
b, 4
a, 4
b, 5
a,5
cFa
mily
Vio
lence
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venti
on F
und
. The
Nat
ional
Co
nse
nsu
s G
uid
elin
es o
n Id
enti
fyin
gan
d R
esp
ond
ing
to D
om
esti
c V
iole
nce
Vic
tim
izat
ion in
Hea
lth C
are
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tings
.C
onse
nsu
s G
uid
elin
es o
n D
om
esti
c V
iole
nce
, 2nd
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. [gu
idel
ines
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he
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rnet
].S
an F
ranci
sco
, CA
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ily V
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nce
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venti
on F
und
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04
[ci
ted
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04
Oct
15
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vaila
ble
fro
m:
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e.o
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rogr
ams/
hea
lthca
re/f
iles/
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nse
nsu
s.p
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The
Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n (
AM
WA
) R
epro
duc
tive
Hea
lth Init
iati
ve.
RH
I M
od
el C
urri
culu
m, 2
nd
ed
. Mo
dul
e 2
(P
sych
oso
cial
Fac
tors
- Inti
mat
e P
artn
erV
iole
nce
and
Sex
ual A
ssau
lt)
[mo
dul
e o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
lexa
nd
ria,
VA
: Am
eric
anM
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n, 2
00
4. A
vaila
ble
fro
m: h
ttp
://w
ww
.am
wa-
do
c.o
rg/R
HI.
56
Co
mp
. II
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cyle
velc
om
pet
ency
or
skill
asfo
und
inth
eA
CG
ME
Out
com
eP
roje
ctan
dd
efin
edas
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
tsLa
ngu
age
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
ES
epte
mb
er2
81
99
9
Co
mp
eten
cy:
II.
Eff
ect
ively
co
mm
un
icate
wit
h p
ati
en
ts,
dem
on
stra
tin
g a
ware
ness
of
gen
der
an
d c
ult
ura
l d
iffe
ren
ces.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
h.
Dem
onst
rate
ski
lls t
hat
bui
ld t
rust
by
add
ress
ing
conte
xtua
l fac
tors
, suc
h a
s cu
ltur
e, e
thnic
ity,
gend
er, l
angu
age/
liter
acy,
so
cio
eco
no
mic
cla
ss,
spir
itua
lity/
relig
ion, a
ge, s
exua
l ori
enta
tio
n,
dis
abili
ty, a
nd
car
e-gi
ving
resp
onsi
bili
ties
.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E4
a, 4
b, 5
cN
unez
AE.
Tra
nsf
orm
ing
cult
ural
co
mp
eten
ce in
to c
ross
-cul
tura
l eff
icac
y in
wo
men
'shea
lth e
duc
atio
n. A
cad
Med
. 20
00
No
v;7
5(1
1):
10
71
-80
.
Bet
anco
urt
JR, G
reen
AR
, Car
rillo
JE,
Anan
eh-F
irem
po
ng
O. D
efin
ing
cult
ural
com
pet
ence
: a p
ract
ical
fra
mew
ork
fo
r ad
dre
ssin
g ra
cial
/eth
nic
dis
par
itie
s in
hea
lth
and
hea
lth c
are.
Pub
lic H
ealt
h R
ep. 2
00
3 Jul
-Aug
;11
8(4
):2
93
-30
2.
Bet
anco
urt
JR, G
reen
AR
, Car
rillo
JE.
The
chal
lenge
s o
f cr
oss
-cul
tura
l hea
lthca
re--
div
ersi
ty, e
thic
s, a
nd
the
med
ical
enco
unte
r. B
ioet
hic
s Fo
rum
. 20
00
Fal
l;16
(3):
27
-3
2.
Gre
en A
R, B
etan
cour
t JR
, Car
rillo
JE.
Inte
grat
ing
soci
al f
acto
rs in
to c
ross
-cul
tura
lm
edic
al e
duc
atio
n. A
cad
Med
. 20
02
Mar
;77
(3):
19
3-7
.
Car
rillo
JE,
Gre
en A
R, B
etan
cour
t JR
. Cro
ss-c
ultu
ral p
rim
ary
care
: a p
atie
nt-
bas
edap
pro
ach. A
nn Inte
rn M
ed. 1
99
9 M
ay;1
30
(10
):8
29
-34
.
Will
iam
s M
V, D
avis
T, P
arke
r R
M, W
eiss
BD
. The
role
of
hea
lth li
tera
cy in
pat
ient-
phys
icia
n c
om
mun
icat
ion. F
am M
ed. 2
00
2 M
ay;3
4 (
5):
38
3-9
.
Ferg
uso
n W
J, C
and
ib L
M. C
ultu
re, l
angu
age,
and
the
do
cto
r-p
atie
nt
rela
tio
nsh
ip.
Fam
Med
. 20
02
May
;34
(5):
35
3-6
1.
Lo B
, Rus
ton D
, Kat
es L
W, A
rno
ld R
M, C
ohen
CB
, Fab
er-L
ange
nd
oen
K, e
t al
.D
iscu
ssin
g re
ligio
us a
nd
sp
irit
ual i
ssue
s at
the
end
of
life:
a p
ract
ical
gui
de
for
phys
icia
ns.
JA
MA
. 20
02
Feb
;28
7(6
):7
49
-54
.
Whit
e JC
, Lev
inso
n W
. Les
bia
n h
ealt
h c
are.
What
a p
rim
ary
care
phys
icia
n n
eed
s to
kno
w. W
est
J M
ed. 1
99
5 M
ay;1
62
(5):
46
3-6
.
Par
ks S
M, N
ovi
elli
KD
. A p
ract
ical
gui
de
to c
arin
g fo
r ca
regi
vers
. Am
Fam
Phys
icia
n.
20
00
Dec
;62
(12
):2
61
3-2
2.
Hal
l JA
, Ro
ter
DL.
Pat
ient
gend
er a
nd
co
mm
unic
atio
n w
ith p
hys
icia
ns:
res
ults
of
aco
mm
unit
y-b
ased
stu
dy.
Wo
men
s H
ealt
h. 1
99
5 S
pri
ng;
1(1
):7
7-9
5.
Ro
ter
DL,
Hal
l JA
, Ker
n D
E, B
arke
r LR
, Co
le K
A, R
oca
RP
. Im
pro
ving
phys
icia
ns'
inte
rvie
win
g sk
ills
and
red
ucin
g p
atie
nts
' em
oti
onal
dis
tres
s. A
ran
do
miz
ed c
linic
altr
ial.
Arc
h Inte
rn M
ed. 1
99
5 S
ep;1
55
(17
):1
87
7-8
4.
Sch
olle
SH
, Wei
sman
CS
, And
erso
n R
T, C
amac
ho
F. T
he
dev
elo
pm
ent
and
val
idat
ion
of
the
pri
mar
y ca
re s
atis
fact
ion s
urve
y fo
r w
om
en. W
om
ens
Hea
lth Iss
ues.
20
04
Mar
-Ap
r;1
4(2
):3
5-5
0.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
57
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Co
mp
eten
cy:
II.
Eff
ect
ively
co
mm
un
icate
wit
h p
ati
en
ts,
dem
on
stra
tin
g a
ware
ness
of
gen
der
an
d c
ult
ura
l d
iffe
ren
ces.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
i.R
esp
ond
to
pat
ients
' em
oti
ons
usin
g no
nve
rbal
and
verb
al s
kills
, incl
udin
g re
flect
ing,
legi
tim
izin
g/va
lidat
ing,
exp
ress
ing
sup
po
rt,
exp
ress
ing
par
tner
ship
, and
exp
ress
ing
resp
ect.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
a, 4
a, 4
bC
ole
SA
, Bir
d J. T
he
med
ical
inte
rvie
w: t
he
thre
e-fu
nct
ion a
pp
roac
h. 2
nd
ed
. S
t.Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
00
.
Sm
ith R
C. P
atie
nt-
cente
red
inte
rvie
win
g: a
n e
vid
ence
-bas
ed m
etho
d. 2
nd
ed
.P
hila
del
phia
: Lip
pin
cott
Will
iam
s &
Wilk
ins,
20
02
.
Ho
jat
M, G
onnel
la JS
, Nas
ca T
J, M
angi
one
S, V
erga
re M
, Mag
ee M
. Phys
icia
nem
pat
hy:
def
init
ion, c
om
po
nen
ts, m
easu
rem
ent,
and
rel
atio
nsh
ip t
o g
end
er a
nd
spec
ialt
y. A
m J P
sych
iatr
y. 2
00
2 S
ep;1
59
(9):
15
63
-9.
Mo
re E
S, M
illig
an M
A, e
dit
ors
. The
emp
athic
pra
ctit
ioner
: em
pat
hy,
gen
der
, and
med
icin
e. N
ew B
runsw
ick,
NJ:
Rut
gers
Univ
ersi
ty P
ress
, 19
94
.
Gri
ffit
h C
H 3
rd, W
ilso
n JF,
Lan
ger
S, H
aist
SA
. Ho
use
staf
f no
nve
rbal
co
mm
unic
atio
nsk
ills
and
sta
nd
ard
ized
pat
ient
sati
sfac
tio
n. J
Gen
Inte
rn M
ed. 2
00
3 M
ar;1
8(3
):1
70
-4.
Str
eet
RL
Jr. G
end
er d
iffer
ence
s in
hea
lth c
are
pro
vid
er-p
atie
nt
com
mun
icat
ion: a
reth
ey d
ue t
o s
tyle
, ste
reo
typ
es, o
r ac
com
mo
dat
ion?
Pat
ient
Educ
Co
uns.
20
02
Dec
;48
(3):
20
1-6
.
Bec
k R
S, D
augh
trid
ge R
, Slo
ane
PD
. Phys
icia
n-p
atie
nt
com
mun
icat
ion in
the
pri
mar
yca
re o
ffic
e: a
sys
tem
atic
rev
iew
. J A
m B
oar
d F
am P
ract
. 20
02
Jan
-Feb
;15
(1):
25
-38
.
j.D
emo
nst
rate
ho
w t
o s
har
e co
ntr
ol o
f th
e in
terv
iew
by
usin
g fa
cilit
ativ
e no
nve
rbal
beh
avio
r, u
sing
langu
age
the
pat
ient
can u
nd
erst
and
, elic
itin
g th
ep
atie
nt'
s co
nce
rns
and
exp
ecta
tio
ns
for
the
enco
unte
r, a
nd
neg
oti
atin
g a
conse
nsu
al a
gend
a fo
rth
e en
coun
ter.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
a, 1
b, 4
a, 5
a,5
cW
einb
erge
r M
, Gre
ene
JY, M
amlin
JJ.
The
imp
act
of
clin
ical
enco
unte
r ev
ents
on
pat
ient
and
phys
icia
n s
atis
fact
ion. S
oc
Sci
Med
[E]
. 19
81
Aug
;15
(3):
23
9-4
4.
Mar
vel M
K, E
pst
ein R
M, F
low
ers
K, B
eckm
an H
B. S
olic
itin
g th
e p
atie
nt'
s ag
end
a:hav
e w
e im
pro
ved
? JA
MA
. 19
99
Jan
;28
1(3
):2
83
-7.
Bar
ry C
A, B
rad
ley
CP
, Bri
tten
N, S
teve
nso
n F
A, B
arb
er N
. Pat
ients
' unvo
iced
agen
das
in g
ener
al p
ract
ice
consu
ltat
ions:
qua
litat
ive
stud
y. B
MJ.
20
00
May
;32
0(7
24
4):
12
46
-50
.
Bar
ry C
A, S
teve
nso
n F
A, B
ritt
en N
, Bar
ber
N, B
rad
ley
CP
. Giv
ing
voic
e to
the
lifew
orl
d. M
ore
hum
ane,
mo
re e
ffec
tive
med
ical
car
e? A
qua
litat
ive
stud
y o
f d
oct
or-
pat
ient
com
mun
icat
ion in
gen
eral
pra
ctic
e. S
oc
Sci
Med
. 20
01
Aug
;53
(4):
48
7-
50
5.
Ceg
ala
DJ,
Bro
z S
L. P
rovi
der
and
pat
ient
com
mun
icat
ion s
kills
tra
inin
g. In: T
ho
mp
son
TL,
et
al.,
edit
ors
. Han
db
oo
k o
f hea
lth c
om
mun
icat
ion. M
ahw
ah, N
J: La
wre
nce
Erlb
aum
Ass
oci
ates
, 20
03
. p. 9
5-1
20
.
58
Co
mp
. II
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cyle
velc
om
pet
ency
or
skill
asfo
und
inth
eA
CG
ME
Out
com
eP
roje
ctan
dd
efin
edas
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
tsLa
ngu
age
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
ES
epte
mb
er2
81
99
9
Co
mp
eten
cy:
II.
Eff
ect
ively
co
mm
un
icate
wit
h p
ati
en
ts,
dem
on
stra
tin
g a
ware
ness
of
gen
der
an
d c
ult
ura
l d
iffe
ren
ces.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
k.D
emo
nst
rate
a s
trat
egy
to p
rovi
de
coun
selin
g ab
out
fam
ily p
lannin
g an
d s
afe
sex
met
ho
ds.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
e, 5
a, 5
cH
atch
er R
A, T
russ
ell J
, Ste
war
t F,
et
al. C
ontr
acep
tive
Tec
hno
logy
. 18
th e
d. N
ewY
ork
: Ard
ent
Med
ia, I
nc.
, 20
04
.
Hat
cher
RA
, et
al. A
Po
cket
Gui
de
to M
anag
ing
Co
ntr
acep
tio
n [
po
cket
gui
de
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. D
awso
nvi
lle, G
A: B
rid
ging
the
Gap
Pub
licat
ions,
20
04
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
22
]. A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.m
anag
ingc
ontr
acep
tio
n.c
om
/man
agin
gco
ntr
acep
tio
n.p
df.
Wei
sman
CS
, Mac
canno
n D
S, H
end
erso
n JT
, Sho
rtri
dge
E, O
rso
CL.
Co
ntr
acep
tive
coun
selin
g in
man
aged
car
e: p
reve
nti
ng
unin
tend
ed p
regn
ancy
in a
dul
ts. W
om
ens
Hea
lth Iss
ues.
20
02
Mar
-Ap
r;1
2(2
):7
9-9
5.
The
Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n (
AM
WA
) R
epro
duc
tive
Hea
lth Init
iati
ve.
RH
I M
od
el C
urri
culu
m, 2
nd
ed
. Mo
dul
e 3
(C
om
mun
icat
ion);
Mo
dul
e 4
(S
exua
llyT
ransm
itte
d D
isea
ses
- S
exua
l His
tory
Tak
ing)
; Mo
dul
e 6
(C
ontr
acep
tio
n).
[mo
dul
es o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
lexa
nd
ria,
VA
: Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n,
20
04
. Ava
ilab
le f
rom
: htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
mw
a-d
oc.
org
/RH
I.
Hai
st S
A, G
riff
ith III
CH
, Ho
elle
in A
R, T
alen
te G
, Mo
ntg
om
ery
T, W
ilso
n JF.
Imp
rovi
ng
stud
ents
' sex
ual h
isto
ry in
qui
ry a
nd
HIV
co
unse
ling
wit
h a
n in
tera
ctiv
ew
ork
sho
p u
sing
stan
dar
diz
ed p
atie
nts
. J G
en Inte
rn M
ed. 2
00
4 M
ay;1
9(5
Pt
2):
54
9-5
3.
Pip
er JM
, Shai
n R
N, K
ort
e JE
, Ho
lden
AE.
Beh
avio
ral i
nte
rven
tio
ns
for
pre
venti
on o
fse
xual
ly t
ransm
itte
d d
isea
ses
in w
om
en: a
phys
icia
n's
per
spec
tive
. Ob
stet
Gyn
eco
lC
lin N
ort
h A
m. 2
00
3 D
ec;3
0(4
):6
59
-69
.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
59
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Co
mp
eten
cy:
II.
Eff
ect
ively
co
mm
un
icate
wit
h p
ati
en
ts,
dem
on
stra
tin
g a
ware
ness
of
gen
der
an
d c
ult
ura
l d
iffe
ren
ces.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
l.D
emo
nst
rate
shar
ed r
esp
onsi
bili
ty f
or
hea
lth
dec
isio
ns
by
iden
tify
ing
and
neg
oti
atin
g ar
eas
of
agre
emen
t an
d d
isag
reem
ent,
and
by
iden
tify
ing
gend
er a
nd
cul
tura
l bar
rier
s an
d e
nab
lers
to
adher
ence
.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E4
aK
apla
n S
H, G
and
ek B
, Gre
enfie
ld S
, Ro
gers
W, W
are
JE. P
atie
nt
and
vis
itch
arac
teri
stic
s re
late
d t
o p
hys
icia
ns'
par
tici
pat
ory
dec
isio
n-m
akin
g st
yle.
Res
ults
fro
m t
he
Med
ical
Out
com
es S
tud
y. M
ed C
are.
19
95
Dec
;33
(12
):1
17
6-8
7.
Gill
ott
i CM
. Med
ical
dis
clo
sure
and
dec
isio
n-m
akin
g: e
xcav
atin
g th
e co
mp
lexi
ties
of
phys
icia
n-p
atie
nt
info
rmat
ion e
xchan
ge. I
n: T
ho
mp
son T
L, e
t al
., ed
ito
rs. H
and
bo
ok
of
hea
lth c
om
mun
icat
ion. M
ahw
ah, N
J: La
wre
nce
Erl
bau
m A
sso
ciat
es, 2
00
3. p
. 16
3-
81
.
To
wle
A, G
od
olp
hin
W. F
ram
ewo
rk f
or
teac
hin
g an
d le
arnin
g in
form
ed s
har
edd
ecis
ion m
akin
g. B
MJ.
19
99
Sep
;31
9(7
21
2):
76
6-7
1.
Char
les
C, G
afni A
, Whel
an T
. Ho
w t
o im
pro
ve c
om
mun
icat
ion b
etw
een d
oct
ors
and
pat
ients
. Lea
rnin
g m
ore
ab
out
the
dec
isio
n m
akin
g co
nte
xt is
imp
ort
ant.
BM
J. 2
00
0M
ay;3
20
(72
44
):1
22
0-1
.
Char
les
C, W
hel
an T
, Gaf
ni A
. What
do
we
mea
n b
y p
artn
ersh
ip in
mak
ing
dec
isio
ns
abo
ut t
reat
men
t? B
MJ.
19
99
Sep
;31
9(7
21
2):
78
0-2
.
Char
les
C, G
afni A
, Whel
an T
. Shar
ed d
ecis
ion-m
akin
g in
the
med
ical
enco
unte
r:w
hat
do
es it
mea
n?
(or
it t
akes
at
leas
t tw
o t
o t
ango
). S
oc
Sci
Med
. 19
97
Mar
;44
(5):
68
1-9
2.
Nek
hly
udo
v L,
Ro
ss-D
egnan
D, F
letc
her
SW
. Bel
iefs
and
exp
ecta
tio
ns
of
wo
men
und
er 5
0 y
ears
old
reg
ard
ing
scre
enin
g m
amm
ogr
aphy:
a q
ualit
ativ
e st
udy.
J G
enIn
tern
Med
. 20
03
Mar
;18
(3):
18
2-9
.
m.P
rop
ose
a p
lan t
o e
xpla
in b
oth
no
rmal
and
ab
no
rmal
resu
lts
in a
sen
siti
ve m
anner
, and
to
ed
ucat
e th
ep
atie
nt
abo
ut t
he
follo
w-u
p p
roce
ss u
sing
wo
rds
and
wri
tten
info
rmat
ion t
he
pat
ient
can u
nd
erst
and
.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
d, 1
e, 5
b, 5
cB
uckm
an R
, Kas
on Y
. Ho
w t
o b
reak
bad
new
s: a
gui
de
for
hea
lth c
are
pro
fess
ional
s.B
alti
mo
re: J
ohns
Ho
pki
ns
Univ
ersi
ty P
ress
, 19
92
.
Ngo
-Met
zger
Q, M
assa
gli M
P, C
larr
idge
BR
, Man
occ
hia
M, D
avis
RB
, Iez
zoni L
I, et
al.
Lingu
isti
c an
d c
ultu
ral b
arri
ers
to c
are.
J G
en Inte
rn M
ed. 2
00
3 Jan
;18
(1):
44
-52
.
Inst
itut
e o
f M
edic
ine
(U.S
.); C
om
mit
tee
on H
ealt
h L
iter
acy.
Hea
lth li
tera
cy: a
pre
scri
pti
on t
o e
nd
co
nfu
sio
n. N
iels
en-B
ohlm
an L
, Pan
zer
AM
, Kin
dig
DA
, ed
ito
rs.
Was
hin
gto
n, D
C: N
atio
nal
Aca
dem
ies
Pre
ss, 2
00
4.
Zo
rn M
, Alle
n M
P, H
oro
wit
z A
M. U
nd
erst
and
ing
hea
lth li
tera
cy a
nd
its
bar
rier
s.W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: N
atio
nal
Lib
rary
of
Med
icin
e (U
.S.)
, 20
04
.
60
Co
mp
. II
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
61
Co
mp
eten
cy:
III.
Perf
orm
a s
ex-
, gen
der-
, an
d a
ge-a
pp
rop
riate
ph
ysic
al exa
min
ati
on
.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
III.
Perf
orm
a s
ex-
, gen
der-
, an
d a
ge-a
pp
rop
riate
ph
ysic
al exa
min
ati
on
.a.
List
co
nte
xtua
l fac
tors
(e.
g. h
isto
ry o
f p
erso
nal
vio
lence
, sex
ual o
rien
tati
on, b
od
y im
age,
gen
der
,cu
ltur
al e
xpec
tati
ons,
langu
age,
and
lite
racy
) th
ataf
fect
the
clin
icia
n's
and
pat
ient'
s p
erce
pti
ons
and
the
qua
lity
of
the
phys
ical
exa
m.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
1a,
4b
, 5a,
5b
,5
cS
eid
el H
M. M
osb
y's
guid
e to
phys
ical
exa
min
atio
n. 5
th e
d. S
t. L
oui
s: M
osb
y, 2
00
3.
Sw
artz
MH
. Fem
ale
genit
alia
. In: T
extb
oo
k o
f p
hys
ical
dia
gno
sis:
his
tory
and
exam
inat
ion. 4
th e
d. P
hila
del
phia
: Sau
nd
ers,
20
02
. p. 4
95
-52
6.
Po
tter
J. V
irtu
al P
atie
nt
Ref
eren
ce L
ibra
ry. V
irtu
al p
atie
nt
09
- A
wo
man
at
mid
life
[tut
ori
al o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. B
ost
on, M
A: T
he
Car
l J. S
hap
iro
fo
r Ed
ucat
ion a
nd
Res
earc
h, H
arva
rd M
edic
al S
cho
ol a
nd
Bet
h Isr
ael D
eaco
nes
s M
edic
al C
ente
r, 2
00
4[c
ited
20
04
Oct
15
]. A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/res
earc
h.b
idm
c.har
vard
.ed
u/V
Ptu
tori
als/
mid
life/
.
b.
Des
crib
e te
chniq
ues
for
sett
ing
the
stag
e an
db
uild
ing
rap
po
rt d
urin
g th
e ex
am.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, Es
say
2b
, 5a
Go
ldb
erg
DB
, Jac
ob
son JS
. A f
ram
ewo
rk f
or
do
cto
r-p
atie
nt
inte
ract
ions.
In: W
allis
LA, K
asp
er A
, ed
ito
rs. T
extb
oo
k o
f w
om
en's
hea
lth. P
hila
del
phia
: Lip
pin
cott
-Rav
en,
19
98
. p. 4
7-5
1.
c.D
escr
ibe
tech
niq
ues
to e
nsu
re a
wo
man
's c
om
fort
and
the
accu
racy
of
the
exam
in a
ll se
ttin
gs a
nd
lifec
ycle
sta
ges,
and
wit
h a
ny
illnes
s o
r d
isab
ility
(e.g
. po
siti
onin
g, d
rap
ing,
and
sel
ecti
on a
nd
use
of
inst
rum
ents
).
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, Es
say
1a,
1f,
4a,
5a,
5b
, 5c
Wal
lis L
A. C
om
pre
hen
sive
exa
min
atio
n, h
ealt
h e
valu
atio
n, a
nd
ass
essm
ent
of
the
wo
man
pat
ient.
Dia
z A
. Co
mp
rehen
sive
exa
min
atio
n o
f th
e ad
ole
scen
t gi
rl. G
alin
do
DJ,
Min
tzer
MJ.
Co
mp
rehen
sive
ger
iatr
ic a
sses
smen
t o
f th
e fr
ail o
lder
wo
man
. In:
Wal
lis L
A, K
asp
er A
, ed
ito
rs. T
extb
oo
k o
f w
om
en's
hea
lth. P
hila
del
phia
: Lip
pin
cott
-R
aven
, 19
98
. p. 1
61
-84
.
d.
Des
crib
e th
e va
riat
ions
of
no
rmal
ap
pea
rance
of
the
bre
ast,
vul
va, v
agin
a, a
nd
cer
vix.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
Sim
ulat
ions
2b
Sel
tzer
V, P
etre
k J.
The
bre
ast.
In: S
eltz
er V
L, P
ears
e W
H, e
dit
ors
. Wo
men
's p
rim
ary
hea
lth c
are:
off
ice
pra
ctic
e an
d p
roce
dur
es. 2
nd
ed
. New
Yo
rk: M
cGra
w-H
ill, 2
00
0.
p. 7
93
-8.
Ben
jam
in F
. Anat
om
y, p
hys
iolo
gy, g
row
th a
nd
dev
elo
pm
ent.
In: S
eltz
er V
L, P
ears
eW
H, e
dit
ors
. Wo
men
's p
rim
ary
hea
lth c
are:
off
ice
pra
ctic
e an
d p
roce
dur
es. 2
nd
ed
.N
ew Y
ork
: McG
raw
-Hill
, 20
00
. p. 1
77
-88
.
Sw
artz
MH
. Fem
ale
genit
alia
. In: T
extb
oo
k o
f p
hys
ical
dia
gno
sis:
his
tory
and
exam
inat
ion. 4
th e
d. P
hila
del
phia
: Sau
nd
ers,
20
02
. p. 4
95
-52
6.
e.P
erfo
rm a
sex
-, g
end
er-,
and
age
-ap
pro
pri
ate
phys
ical
exa
m.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
f, 5
cW
allis
LA
. Co
mp
rehen
sive
exa
min
atio
n, h
ealt
h e
valu
atio
n, a
nd
ass
essm
ent
of
the
wo
man
pat
ient.
Dia
z A
. Co
mp
rehen
sive
exa
min
atio
n o
f th
e ad
ole
scen
t gi
rl. G
alin
do
DJ,
Min
tzer
MJ.
Co
mp
rehen
sive
ger
iatr
ic a
sses
smen
t o
f th
e fr
ail o
lder
wo
man
. In:
Wal
lis L
A, K
asp
er A
, ed
ito
rs. T
extb
oo
k o
f w
om
en's
hea
lth. P
hila
del
phia
: Lip
pin
cott
-R
aven
, 19
98
. p. 1
61
-84
.
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Co
mp
eten
cy:
III.
Perf
orm
a s
ex-
, gen
der-
, an
d a
ge-a
pp
rop
riate
ph
ysic
al exa
min
ati
on
.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
f.P
erfo
rm a
n a
ccur
ate
bre
ast
exam
.S
ho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E,S
imul
atio
ns
1f,
5c
Rei
chm
an B
S. C
linic
al b
reas
t ex
amin
atio
n a
nd
inst
ruct
ion o
f p
atie
nts
in b
reas
t se
lf-ex
amin
atio
n. I
n: W
allis
LA
, Kas
per
A, e
dit
ors
. Tex
tbo
ok
of
wo
men
's h
ealt
h.
Phila
del
phia
: Lip
pin
cott
-Rav
en, 1
99
8. p
. 19
5-2
01
.
Bar
ton M
B, H
arri
s R
, Fle
tcher
SW
. The
rati
onal
clin
ical
exa
min
atio
n. D
oes
this
pat
ient
hav
e b
reas
t ca
nce
r? T
he
scre
enin
g cl
inic
al b
reas
t ex
amin
atio
n: s
ho
uld
it b
ed
one?
Ho
w?
JAM
A. 1
99
9 O
ct;2
82
(13
):1
27
0-8
0.
g.P
erfo
rm a
n a
ccur
ate
pel
vic
exam
and
des
crib
e th
esi
ze, s
hap
e, a
nd
po
siti
on o
f th
e ut
erus
.S
ho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E,S
imul
atio
ns
1f,
5a,
5b
, 5c
Wal
lis L
A. P
ainle
ss p
elvi
c ex
am. I
n: W
allis
LA
, Kas
per
A, e
dit
ors
. Tex
tbo
ok
of
wo
men
'shea
lth. P
hila
del
phia
, PA
: Lip
pin
cott
-Rav
en, 1
99
8. p
. 18
5-9
3.
h.
Exp
lain
ho
w t
o o
bta
in s
amp
les
for
mic
rob
iolo
gic
asse
ssm
ent
in a
pp
rop
riat
e ci
rcum
stan
ces.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l1
f, 2
bH
erb
st A
L. T
he
pap
sm
ear.
In. S
eltz
er V
L, P
ears
e W
H, e
dit
ors
. Wo
men
's p
rim
ary
hea
lth c
are:
off
ice
pra
ctic
e an
d p
roce
dur
es. 2
nd
ed
. New
Yo
rk: M
cGra
w-H
ill, 2
00
0.
p. 1
97
-20
5.
IV.
Dis
cuss
th
e im
pact
of
gen
der-
base
d s
oci
eta
l an
d c
ult
ura
l ro
les,
an
d c
on
text
on
healt
h c
are
an
d o
n w
om
en
.
1.
So
cial an
d P
oliti
cal D
iscr
imin
ati
on
a.D
iscu
ss h
ow
gen
der
bia
s has
influ
ence
d w
om
en's
role
s in
the
hea
lth c
are
pro
fess
ions.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, Es
say
5c,
6b
Wei
sman
CS
. Wo
men
and
hea
lthca
re d
eliv
ery:
pro
vid
ers
and
org
aniz
atio
ns.
In:
Wei
sman
CS
. Wo
men
's h
ealt
h c
are:
act
ivis
t tr
adit
ions
and
inst
itut
ional
chan
ge.
Bal
tim
ore
: Jo
hns
Ho
pki
ns
Univ
ersi
ty P
ress
, 19
98
. p. 1
42
-87
.
b.
Des
crib
e th
e hea
lth c
onse
que
nce
s o
f se
x o
r ge
nd
erd
iscr
imin
atio
n.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
Essa
y5
c, 6
aK
rieg
er N
. Dis
crim
inat
ion a
nd
hea
lth. I
n: B
erkm
an L
F, Ich
iro
Kaw
achi I
, ed
ito
rs. S
oci
alep
idem
iolo
gy. N
ew Y
ork
: Oxf
ord
Univ
ersi
ty P
ress
, 20
00
. p. 3
6-7
5.
2.P
ove
rty
a.D
iscu
ss t
he
imp
act
of
po
vert
y o
n k
ey p
ublic
hea
lth
ind
icat
ors
use
d t
o t
rack
hea
lth c
are
qua
lity.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F, E
ssay
2b
, 5c
Phip
ps
S. T
he
imp
act
of
po
vert
y o
n h
ealt
h: a
sca
n o
f re
sear
ch li
tera
ture
[re
po
rt o
nth
e In
tern
et].
Ott
awa,
ON
: Can
adia
n P
op
ulat
ion H
ealt
h Init
iati
ve, C
anad
ian Inst
itut
efo
r H
ealt
h Info
rmat
ion, J
un 2
00
3 [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct 2
5].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
: htt
p:/
/dsp
-p
sd.c
om
mun
icat
ion.g
c.ca
/Co
llect
ion/H
11
8-1
1-2
00
3-1
E.p
df.
b.
Co
mp
are
beh
avio
rs a
nd
co
nd
itio
ns
that
aff
ect
hea
lth
risk
s fo
r w
om
en a
bo
ve a
nd
bel
ow
the
po
vert
y le
vel.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F, E
ssay
2b
, 6b
Wyn
R, S
olis
B. W
om
en's
hea
lth is
sues
acr
oss
the
lifes
pan
. Wo
men
s H
ealt
h Iss
ues.
20
01
May
-Jun
;11
(3):
14
8-5
9.
The
Co
mm
onw
ealt
h F
und
19
98
Sur
vey
of
Wo
men
's H
ealt
h. W
om
ens
Hea
lth Iss
ues.
20
00
Jan
-Feb
;10
(1):
35
-8.
Mea
d H
, Wit
kow
ski K
, Gau
lt B
, Har
tman
n H
. The
influ
ence
of
inco
me,
ed
ucat
ion a
nd
wo
rk s
tatu
s o
n w
om
en's
wel
l bei
ng.
Wo
men
s H
ealt
h Iss
ues.
20
01
May
-Ju
n;1
1(3
):1
60
-72
.
62
Co
mp
. II
I
Co
mp
eten
cy:
IV.
Dis
cuss
th
e im
pact
of
gen
der-
base
d s
oci
eta
l an
d c
ult
ura
l ro
les,
an
d c
on
text
on
healt
h c
are
an
d o
n w
om
en
.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
3.Fa
mily
Care
giv
er
Ro
le
a.D
escr
ibe
ho
w t
he
trad
itio
nal
car
egiv
er r
ole
of
wo
men
car
ries
uniq
ue p
hys
ical
, so
cial
, and
em
oti
onal
dem
and
s.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F, E
ssay
2b
, 5c
Mar
tire
LM
, Ste
phen
s M
A, T
ow
nse
nd
AL.
Cen
tral
ity
of
wo
men
's m
ulti
ple
ro
les:
ben
efic
ial a
nd
det
rim
enta
l co
nse
que
nce
s fo
r p
sych
olo
gica
l wel
l-b
eing.
Psy
cho
lA
ging.
20
00
Mar
;15
(1):
14
8-5
6.
No
rto
n T
R, S
tep
hen
s M
A, M
arti
re L
M, T
ow
nse
nd
AL,
Gup
ta A
. Chan
ge in
the
centr
alit
y o
f w
om
en's
mul
tip
le r
ole
s: e
ffec
ts o
f ro
le s
tres
s an
d r
ewar
ds.
J G
ero
nto
l BP
sych
ol S
ci S
oc
Sci
. 20
02
Jan
;57
(1):
S5
2-6
2.
Ste
phen
s M
A, F
ranks
MM
, To
wnse
nd
AL.
Str
ess
and
rew
ard
s in
wo
men
's m
ulti
ple
role
s: t
he
case
of
wo
men
in t
he
mid
dle
. Psy
cho
l Agi
ng.
19
94
Mar
;9(1
):4
5-5
2.
4.(i
) S
peci
al P
op
ula
tio
ns
- Le
sbia
ns
a.D
iscu
ss t
he
effe
cts
of
dis
crim
inat
ion o
n t
he
hea
lth
stat
us o
f le
sbia
ns.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F, E
ssay
2b
, 5b
, 5c,
6b
Dia
man
t A
L, W
old
C, S
pri
tzer
K, G
elb
erg
L. H
ealt
h b
ehav
iors
, hea
lth s
tatu
s, a
nd
acce
ss t
o a
nd
use
of
hea
lth c
are:
a p
op
ulat
ion-b
ased
stu
dy
of
lesb
ian, b
isex
ual,
and
het
ero
sexu
al w
om
en. A
rch F
am M
ed. 2
00
0 N
ov-
Dec
;9(1
0):
10
43
-51
.
Inst
itut
e o
f M
edic
ine
(U.S
.); C
om
mit
tee
on L
esb
ian H
ealt
h R
esea
rch P
rio
riti
es.
Lesb
ian h
ealt
h: c
urre
nt
asse
ssm
ent
and
dir
ecti
ons
for
the
futu
re. S
ola
rz A
L, e
dit
or.
Was
hin
gto
n, D
C: N
atio
nal
Aca
dem
ies
Pre
ss, 1
99
9.
b.
Des
crib
e ri
sk f
acto
rs a
nd
hea
lth c
ond
itio
ns
that
are
mo
re p
reva
lent
in le
sbia
ns.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
, 5c
Val
anis
BG
, Bo
wen
DJ,
Bas
sfo
rd T
, Whit
lock
E, C
har
ney
P, C
arte
r R
A. S
exua
lo
rien
tati
on a
nd
hea
lth: c
om
par
iso
ns
in t
he
wo
men
's h
ealt
h in
itia
tive
sam
ple
. Arc
hFa
m M
ed. 2
00
0 S
ep-O
ct;9
(9):
84
3-5
3.
Ran
kow
L. W
om
en's
hea
lth is
sues
: pla
nnin
g fo
r d
iver
sity
. A c
urri
culu
m g
uid
e fo
rtr
ainer
s o
n le
sbia
n h
ealt
h a
nd
cul
tura
l sen
siti
vity
. Dur
ham
, NC
: Duk
e U
niv
ersi
tyM
edic
al C
ente
r, 1
99
5.
Inst
itut
e o
f M
edic
ine
(U.S
.); C
om
mit
tee
on L
esb
ian H
ealt
h R
esea
rch P
rio
riti
es.
Lesb
ian h
ealt
h: c
urre
nt
asse
ssm
ent
and
dir
ecti
ons
for
the
futu
re. S
ola
rz A
L, e
dit
or.
Was
hin
gto
n, D
C: N
atio
nal
Aca
dem
ies
Pre
ss, 1
99
9.
4.(i
i) S
peci
al P
op
ula
tio
ns
- W
om
en
wit
h D
isab
ilit
ies
a.D
escr
ibe
the
effe
cts
of
dis
crim
inat
ion o
n t
he
hea
lth
stat
us o
f w
om
en w
ith d
isab
iliti
es.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF,
Ess
ay2
b, 5
c, 6
aN
atio
nal
Wo
men
's H
ealt
h Info
rmat
ion C
ente
r. W
om
en w
ith D
isab
iliti
es [
ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: U
.S. D
epar
tmen
t o
f H
ealt
h a
nd
Hum
an S
ervi
ces,
Off
ice
on W
om
en's
Hea
lth [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct 2
5].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
:htt
p:/
/ww
w.4
wo
man
.go
v/w
wd
/.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
63
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Co
mp
eten
cy:
IV.
Dis
cuss
th
e im
pact
of
gen
der-
base
d s
oci
eta
l an
d c
ult
ura
l ro
les,
an
d c
on
text
on
healt
h c
are
an
d o
n w
om
en
.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
4.(i
i) S
peci
al P
op
ula
tio
ns
- W
om
en
wit
h D
isab
ilit
ies
b.
Des
crib
e th
e hea
lth c
ond
itio
ns
for
whic
h w
om
enw
ith d
isab
iliti
es a
re a
t gr
eate
r ri
sk t
han
men
wit
hd
isab
iliti
es.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Nat
ional
Wo
men
's H
ealt
h Info
rmat
ion C
ente
r. A
bus
e o
f P
eop
le w
ith D
isab
iliti
es[h
om
epag
e o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: U
.S. D
epar
tmen
t o
f H
ealt
h a
nd
Hum
an S
ervi
ces,
Off
ice
on W
om
en's
Hea
lth [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct 2
5].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
:htt
p:/
/ww
w.4
wo
man
.go
v/w
wd
/ww
d.c
fm?p
age=
24
.
Her
r R
D, C
ydul
ka R
K, e
dit
ors
. Em
erge
ncy
car
e o
f th
e co
mp
rom
ised
pat
ient.
Phila
del
phia
: J.B
. Lip
pin
cott
, 19
94
.
c.D
iscu
ss is
sues
of
com
pet
ency
and
info
rmed
co
nse
nt
in t
he
care
of
wo
men
wit
h m
enta
l dis
abili
ties
.K
no
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, Es
say
2b
, 5b
, 6b
Mar
son D
, Dyn
ek G
. Info
rmed
co
nse
nt,
co
mp
eten
cy a
nd
the
neu
rolo
gist
. Neu
rolo
gy.
20
01
;7(6
):3
17
-26
.
Dym
ek M
P, A
tchis
on P
, Har
rell
L, M
arso
n D
C. C
om
pet
ency
to
co
nse
nt
to m
edic
altr
eatm
ent
in c
ogn
itiv
ely
imp
aire
d p
atie
nts
wit
h P
arki
nso
n's
dis
ease
. Neu
rolo
gy.
20
01
Jan
9;5
6(1
):1
7-2
4.
Mar
son D
C, C
hat
terj
ee A
, Ingr
am K
K, H
arre
ll LE
. To
war
d a
neu
rolo
gic
mo
del
of
com
pet
ency
: co
gnit
ive
pre
dic
tors
of
cap
acit
y to
co
nse
nt
in A
lzhei
mer
's d
isea
seus
ing
thre
e d
iffer
ent
lega
l sta
nd
ard
s. N
euro
logy
. 19
96
Mar
;46
(3):
66
6-7
2.
Mic
hel
s R
. Res
earc
h o
n p
erso
ns
wit
h im
pai
red
dec
isio
n m
akin
g an
d t
he
pub
lic t
rust
.A
m J P
sych
iatr
y. 2
00
4 M
ay;1
61
(5):
77
7-9
.
Mir
za I, P
hel
an M
. Man
agin
g p
hys
ical
illn
ess
in p
eop
le w
ith s
ever
e m
enta
l illn
ess.
Ho
sp M
ed. 2
00
2 S
ep;6
3(9
):5
35
-9.
4.(i
ii)
Sp
eci
al P
op
ula
tio
ns
- Im
mig
ran
ts
a.Id
enti
fy r
isk
fact
ors
and
dis
ease
pro
files
ass
oci
ated
wit
h c
han
ging
lifes
tyle
s af
ter
imm
igra
tio
n.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
, 5b
, 5c,
6a
Kra
mer
EJ,
Ivey
SL,
Yin
g Y
W. I
mm
igra
nt
wo
men
's h
ealt
h: p
rob
lem
s an
d s
olu
tio
ns.
San
Fran
cisc
o: J
oss
ey-B
ass,
19
98
.
Cam
pb
ell C
C. C
are
of
wo
men
wit
h f
emal
e ci
rcum
cisi
on. J
Mid
wife
ry W
om
ens
Hea
lth.
20
04
Jul
-Aug
;49
(4):
36
4-5
.
Sin
gh G
K, M
iller
BA
. Hea
lth, l
ife e
xpec
tancy
, and
mo
rtal
ity
pat
tern
s am
ong
imm
igra
nt
po
pul
atio
ns
in t
he
Unit
ed S
tate
s. C
an J P
ublic
Hea
lth. 2
00
4 M
ay-
Jun;9
5(3
):I1
4-2
1.
b.
Dis
cuss
the
effe
cts
of
dis
crim
inat
ion o
n t
he
hea
lth
stat
us o
f im
mig
rant
wo
men
.K
no
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F, E
ssay
2b
, 5c
Kra
mer
EJ,
Ivey
SL,
Yin
g Y
W. I
mm
igra
nt
wo
men
's h
ealt
h: p
rob
lem
s an
d s
olu
tio
ns.
San
Fran
cisc
o: J
oss
ey-B
ass,
19
98
.
64
Co
mp
. IV
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cyle
velc
om
pet
ency
or
skill
asfo
und
inth
eA
CG
ME
Out
com
eP
roje
ctan
dd
efin
edas
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
tsLa
ngu
age
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
ES
epte
mb
er2
81
99
9
Co
mp
eten
cy:
IV.
Dis
cuss
th
e im
pact
of
gen
der-
base
d s
oci
eta
l an
d c
ult
ura
l ro
les,
an
d c
on
text
on
healt
h c
are
an
d o
n w
om
en
.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
4.(i
ii)
Sp
eci
al P
op
ula
tio
ns
- Im
mig
ran
ts
c.D
escr
ibe
risk
fac
tors
and
hea
lth c
ond
itio
ns
that
are
mo
re p
reva
lent
in im
mig
rant
wo
men
than
inim
mig
rant
men
.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2a,
2b
, 5c
Kra
mer
EJ,
Ivey
SL,
Yin
g Y
W. I
mm
igra
nt
wo
men
's h
ealt
h: p
rob
lem
s an
d s
olu
tio
ns.
San
Fran
cisc
o: J
oss
ey-B
ass,
19
98
.
Gav
agan
T, B
rod
yaga
L. M
edic
al c
are
for
imm
igra
nts
and
ref
ugee
s. A
m F
am P
hys
.1
99
8 M
ar;5
7(5
):1
06
1-8
.
Igle
sias
E, R
ob
erts
on E
, Jo
han
sso
n S
E, E
ngf
eld
t P
, Sun
dq
uist
J. W
om
en, i
nte
rnat
ional
mig
rati
on a
nd
sel
f-re
po
rted
hea
lth. A
po
pul
atio
n-b
ased
stu
dy
of
wo
men
of
rep
rod
ucti
ve a
ge. S
oc
Sci
Med
. 20
03
Jan
;56
(1):
11
1-2
4.
Will
iam
s D
R. R
acia
l/et
hnic
var
iati
ons
in w
om
en's
hea
lth: t
he
soci
al e
mb
edd
ednes
s o
fhea
lth. A
m J P
ublic
Hea
lth. 2
00
2 A
pr;
92
(4):
58
8-9
7.
4.(i
v) S
peci
al P
op
ula
tio
ns
- W
om
en
of
Co
lor
a.D
iscu
ss t
he
effe
cts
of
dis
crim
inat
ion o
n t
he
hea
lth
stat
us o
f w
om
en o
f co
lor.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F, E
ssay
2b
, 5c
Big
by
J, ed
ito
r. C
ross
-cul
tura
l med
icin
e. P
hila
del
phia
: Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
fP
hys
icia
ns,
20
03
.
b.
Des
crib
e ri
sk f
acto
rs a
nd
hea
lth c
ond
itio
ns
that
are
mo
re p
reva
lent
in w
om
en o
f co
lor.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2a,
2b
, 5c
Nat
ional
Wo
men
's H
ealt
h Info
rmat
ion C
ente
r. M
ino
rity
Wo
men
's H
ealt
h [
ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: U
.S. D
epar
tmen
t o
f H
ealt
h a
nd
Hum
an S
ervi
ces,
Off
ice
on W
om
en's
Hea
lth [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct 2
5].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
:htt
p:/
/ww
w.4
wo
man
.go
v/m
ino
rity
/ind
ex.h
tm.
5.A
llie
d H
ealt
h P
rofe
ssio
nals
a.D
escr
ibe
the
role
of
allie
d h
ealt
h p
rofe
ssio
nal
s(i
ncl
udin
g nur
ses,
phys
icia
n a
ssis
tants
, lac
tati
on
consu
ltan
ts, a
nd
do
mes
tic
vio
lence
co
unse
llors
) in
pro
vid
ing
care
sp
ecifi
cally
fo
r w
om
en.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
Essa
y1
h, 5
b, 6
a, 6
bK
eelin
g J.
A c
om
mun
ity-
bas
ed p
ersp
ecti
ve o
n li
ving
wit
h d
om
esti
c vi
ole
nce
. Nur
sT
imes
. 20
04
Mar
16
-22
;10
0(1
1):
28
-9.
Hilt
on L
W, J
ennin
gs-D
ozi
er K
, Bra
dle
y P
K, L
ock
wo
od
-Ray
erm
ann S
, DeJ
esus
Y,
Ste
phen
s D
L, e
t al
. The
role
of
nur
sing
in c
ervi
cal c
ance
r p
reve
nti
on a
nd
tre
atm
ent.
Can
cer.
20
03
No
v 1
;98
(9 S
upp
l):2
07
0-4
.
Law
rence
RA
, Ho
war
d C
R. T
he
role
of
lact
atio
n s
pec
ialis
ts. A
gui
de
for
phys
icia
ns.
Ped
iatr
Clin
No
rth A
m. 2
00
1 A
pr;
48
(2):
51
7-2
3i.
b.
Des
crib
e m
echan
ism
s to
iden
tify
and
uti
lize
com
mun
ity
reso
urce
s fo
r co
nd
itio
ns
uniq
ue t
ow
om
en.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
Essa
y1
e, 6
a, 6
bB
ybee
DI,
Sul
livan
CM
. The
pro
cess
thro
ugh w
hic
h a
n a
dvo
cacy
inte
rven
tio
nre
sult
ed in
po
siti
ve c
han
ge f
or
bat
tere
d w
om
en o
ver
tim
e. A
m J C
om
mun
ity
Psy
cho
l.2
00
2 F
eb;3
0(1
):1
03
-32
.
Mo
sher
WD
, Dea
ng
LP, B
ram
lett
MD
. Co
mm
unit
y en
viro
nm
ent
and
wo
men
's h
ealt
ho
utco
mes
: co
nte
xtua
l dat
a. V
ital
Hea
lth S
tat.
20
03
Ap
r;(2
3):
1-7
2.
c.D
iscu
ss t
he
role
of
pat
ient
sup
po
rt n
etw
ork
s in
clin
ical
dec
isio
n m
akin
g.K
no
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l1
h, 6
a, 6
b, 6
dH
urd
le D
E. S
oci
al s
upp
ort
: a c
riti
cal f
acto
r in
wo
men
's h
ealt
h a
nd
hea
lth p
rom
oti
on.
Hea
lth S
oc
Wo
rk. 2
00
1 M
ay;2
6(2
):7
2-9
.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
65
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Co
mp
eten
cy:
IV.
Dis
cuss
th
e im
pact
of
gen
der-
base
d s
oci
eta
l an
d c
ult
ura
l ro
les,
an
d c
on
text
on
healt
h c
are
an
d o
n w
om
en
.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
6.Im
pact
of
Pati
en
t an
d P
rovi
der
Beliefs
an
d P
ract
ices
a.D
escr
ibe
the
imp
act
of
diff
erin
g b
elie
f sy
stem
sb
etw
een p
atie
nt
and
pro
vid
er o
n c
are
for
wo
men
.K
no
ws
Ho
wO
ral,
Essa
y1
e, 5
a, 6
a, 6
cN
unez
AE,
Ro
ber
tso
n C
. Mul
ticu
ltur
al c
onsi
der
atio
ns
in w
om
en's
hea
lth. M
ed C
linN
ort
h A
m. 2
00
3 S
ep;8
7(5
):9
39
-54
.
Pun
ales
-Mo
rejo
n D
. Gen
etic
co
unse
ling
and
pre
nat
al d
iagn
osi
s: a
mul
ticu
ltur
alp
ersp
ecti
ve. J
Am
Med
Wo
men
s A
sso
c. 1
99
7 W
inte
r;5
2(1
):3
0-2
.
b.
Dis
cuss
the
effe
ct o
f p
atie
nt
cho
ice
of
pro
vid
erge
nd
er.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, Es
say
5c,
6a,
6d
Ad
ams
KE.
Pat
ient
cho
ice
of
pro
vid
er g
end
er. J
Am
Med
Wo
men
s A
sso
c. 2
00
3S
pri
ng;
58
(2):
11
7-9
.
c.D
escr
ibe
ho
w r
elig
ion a
nd
sp
irit
ualit
y in
fluen
cep
rovi
der
pra
ctic
e an
d p
atie
nt
dec
isio
n m
akin
g.K
no
ws
Ho
wO
ral,
Essa
y1
c, 4
a, 5
cH
age
M. R
elig
ious
bel
iefs
and
wo
men
's h
ealt
h. I
n: A
sso
ciat
ion o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
fG
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
. Wo
men
's h
ealt
h: a
tea
chin
g gu
ide
to p
sych
oso
cial
issu
es. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: A
sso
ciat
ion o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
,2
00
0. p
. 13
-24
.
Ram
ond
etta
LM
, Sill
s D
. Sp
irit
ualit
y in
gyn
eco
logi
cal o
nco
logy
: a r
evie
w. I
nt
JG
ynec
ol C
ance
r. 2
00
4 M
ar-A
pr;
14
(2):
18
3-2
01
.
The
Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n (
AM
WA
) R
epro
duc
tive
Hea
lth Init
iati
ve.
RH
I M
od
el C
urri
culu
m, 2
nd
ed
. Mo
dul
e 2
(P
sych
oso
cial
Fac
tors
/So
cio
cult
ural
Fact
ors
- R
elig
ion a
nd
Sp
irit
ualit
y) [
mo
dul
e o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
lexa
nd
ria,
VA
:A
mer
ican
Med
ical
Wo
men
's A
sso
ciat
ion, 2
00
4. A
vaila
ble
fro
m: h
ttp
://w
ww
.am
wa-
do
c.o
rg/R
HI.
66
Co
mp
. IV
Co
mp
eten
cy:
V.
Iden
tify
an
d a
ssis
t vi
ctim
s o
f p
hys
ical,
em
oti
on
al,
an
d s
exu
al vi
ole
nce
an
d a
bu
se.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
V.
Iden
tify
an
d a
ssis
t vi
ctim
s o
f p
hys
ical,
em
oti
on
al,
an
d s
exu
al vi
ole
nce
an
d a
bu
se.
Gen
eral
Ref
eren
ce f
or
Co
mp
eten
cy V
: The
Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n(A
MW
A).
Rep
rod
ucti
ve H
ealt
h Init
iati
ve. R
HI M
od
el C
urri
culu
m, 2
nd
ed
. Mo
dul
e 2
(Psy
cho
soci
al F
acto
rs/I
nte
rper
sonal
Vio
lence
). [
mo
dul
e o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
lexa
nd
ria,
VA
: Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n, 2
00
4. A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
mw
a-d
oc.
org
/RH
I.
1.
Back
gro
un
d a
nd
Ep
idem
iolo
gy
a.D
efin
e in
tim
ate
par
tner
vio
lence
, eld
er m
istr
eatm
ent,
and
sex
ual v
iole
nce
.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF,
Ess
ay2
bA
lper
t EJ
, Mas
sach
uset
ts M
edic
al S
oci
ety
Co
mm
itte
e o
n V
iole
nce
. Par
tner
vio
lence
:ho
w t
o r
eco
gniz
e an
d t
reat
vic
tim
s o
f ab
use.
A g
uid
e fo
r p
hys
icia
ns
and
oth
er h
ealt
hca
re p
rofe
ssio
nal
s. W
alth
am, M
A: M
assa
chus
etts
Med
ical
So
ciet
y, 1
99
9.
Am
eric
an M
edic
al A
sso
ciat
ion. A
MA
(V
iole
nce
) P
hys
icia
n G
uid
elin
es. D
iagn
ost
ic a
nd
trea
tmen
t gu
idel
ines
on v
iole
nce
and
do
mes
tic
abus
e. C
hic
ago
: Am
eric
an M
edic
alA
sso
ciat
ion, 2
00
4.
Am
eric
an M
edic
al A
sso
ciat
ion. S
trat
egie
s fo
r th
e tr
eatm
ent
and
pre
venti
on o
f se
xual
assa
ult.
Chic
ago
: Am
eric
an M
edic
al A
sso
ciat
ion, 1
99
5.
Fam
ily V
iole
nce
Pre
venti
on F
und
. The
Nat
ional
Co
nse
nsu
s G
uid
elin
es o
n Id
enti
fyin
gan
d R
esp
ond
ing
to D
om
esti
c V
iole
nce
Vic
tim
izat
ion in
Hea
lth C
are
Set
tings
.C
onse
nsu
s G
uid
elin
es o
n D
om
esti
c V
iole
nce
, 2nd
ed
. [gu
idel
ines
on t
he
Inte
rnet
].S
an F
ranci
sco
: Fam
ily V
iole
nce
Pre
venti
on F
und
, 20
04
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
15
].A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/end
abus
e.o
rg/p
rogr
ams/
hea
lthca
re/f
iles/
Co
nse
nsu
s.p
df.
Rea
din
g A
E, B
rago
nie
r JR
. Hum
an s
exua
lity
and
sex
ual a
ssau
lt. I
n: H
acke
r N
F, M
oo
reJG
, ed
ito
rs. E
ssen
tial
s o
f o
bst
etri
cs a
nd
gyn
eco
logy
. 3rd
ed
. Phila
del
phia
: W.B
.S
aund
ers,
19
98
. p. 5
32
-42
.
Nat
ional
Cen
ter
on E
lder
Ab
use
[ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C:
Nat
ional
Cen
ter
on E
lder
Ab
use
[cit
ed 2
00
4 O
ct 1
5].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
:htt
p:/
/ww
w.e
lder
abus
ecen
ter.
org
.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
67
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Wo
men
’s H
ealt
h C
are
Co
mp
eten
cies
fo
r M
edic
al S
tud
ents
: Ta
kin
g S
tep
s to
In
clu
de
Sex
an
d G
end
er D
iffe
ren
ces
in t
he
Cu
rric
ulu
m
Co
mp
eten
cy:
V.
Iden
tify
an
d a
ssis
t vi
ctim
s o
f p
hys
ical,
em
oti
on
al,
an
d s
exu
al vi
ole
nce
an
d a
bu
se.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
Gen
eral
Ref
eren
ce f
or
Co
mp
eten
cy V
: The
Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n(A
MW
A).
Rep
rod
ucti
ve H
ealt
h Init
iati
ve. R
HI M
od
el C
urri
culu
m, 2
nd
ed
. Mo
dul
e 2
(Psy
cho
soci
al F
acto
rs/I
nte
rper
sonal
Vio
lence
). [
mo
dul
e o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
lexa
nd
ria,
VA
: Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n, 2
00
4. A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
mw
a-d
oc.
org
/RH
I.
1.B
ack
gro
un
d a
nd
Ep
idem
iolo
gy
b.
Des
crib
e ch
arac
teri
stic
s o
f ab
usiv
e re
lati
onsh
ips,
incl
udin
g in
tim
ate
par
tner
vio
lence
, eld
erm
istr
eatm
ent,
and
sex
ual v
iole
nce
.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF,
Ess
ay2
bA
lper
t EJ
, Mas
sach
uset
ts M
edic
al S
oci
ety
Co
mm
itte
e o
n V
iole
nce
. Par
tner
vio
lence
:ho
w t
o r
eco
gniz
e an
d t
reat
vic
tim
s o
f ab
use.
A g
uid
e fo
r p
hys
icia
ns
and
oth
er h
ealt
hca
re p
rofe
ssio
nal
s. W
alth
am, M
A: M
assa
chus
etts
Med
ical
So
ciet
y, 1
99
9.
Am
eric
an M
edic
al A
sso
ciat
ion. A
MA
(V
iole
nce
) P
hys
icia
n G
uid
elin
es. D
iagn
ost
ic a
nd
trea
tmen
t gu
idel
ines
on v
iole
nce
and
do
mes
tic
abus
e. C
hic
ago
: Am
eric
an M
edic
alA
sso
ciat
ion, 2
00
4.
Fam
ily V
iole
nce
Pre
venti
on F
und
. The
Nat
ional
Co
nse
nsu
s G
uid
elin
es o
n Id
enti
fyin
gan
d R
esp
ond
ing
to D
om
esti
c V
iole
nce
Vic
tim
izat
ion in
Hea
lth C
are
Set
tings
.C
onse
nsu
s G
uid
elin
es o
n D
om
esti
c V
iole
nce
, 2nd
ed
. [gu
idel
ines
on t
he
Inte
rnet
].S
an F
ranci
sco
: Fam
ily V
iole
nce
Pre
venti
on F
und
, 20
04
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
15
].A
vaila
ble
fro
m: h
ttp
://e
nd
abus
e.o
rg/p
rogr
ams/
hea
lthca
re/f
iles/
Co
nse
nsu
s.p
df.
Po
lsky
SS
, Mar
kow
itz
J. C
olo
r at
las
of
do
mes
tic
vio
lence
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
04
.
c.D
escr
ibe
guid
ing
pri
nci
ple
s o
f ca
re f
or
vict
ims
of
vio
lence
and
ab
use.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, Es
say
1d
, 2b
Alp
ert
EJ, M
assa
chus
etts
Med
ical
So
ciet
y C
om
mit
tee
on V
iole
nce
. Par
tner
vio
lence
:ho
w t
o r
eco
gniz
e an
d t
reat
vic
tim
s o
f ab
use.
A g
uid
e fo
r p
hys
icia
ns
and
oth
er h
ealt
hca
re p
rofe
ssio
nal
s. W
alth
am, M
A: M
assa
chus
etts
Med
ical
So
ciet
y, 1
99
9.
Am
eric
an M
edic
al A
sso
ciat
ion. A
MA
(V
iole
nce
) P
hys
icia
n G
uid
elin
es. D
iagn
ost
ic a
nd
trea
tmen
t gu
idel
ines
on v
iole
nce
and
do
mes
tic
abus
e. C
hic
ago
: Am
eric
an M
edic
alA
sso
ciat
ion, 2
00
4.
Fam
ily V
iole
nce
Pre
venti
on F
und
. The
Nat
ional
Co
nse
nsu
s G
uid
elin
es o
n Id
enti
fyin
gan
d R
esp
ond
ing
to D
om
esti
c V
iole
nce
Vic
tim
izat
ion in
Hea
lth C
are
Set
tings
.C
onse
nsu
s G
uid
elin
es o
n D
om
esti
c V
iole
nce
, 2nd
ed
. [gu
idel
ines
on t
he
Inte
rnet
].S
an F
ranci
sco
: Fam
ily V
iole
nce
Pre
venti
on F
und
, 20
04
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
15
].A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/end
abus
e.o
rg/p
rogr
ams/
hea
lthca
re/f
iles/
Co
nse
nsu
s.p
df.
Mo
ore
M. R
epro
duc
tive
hea
lth a
nd
inti
mat
e p
artn
er v
iole
nce
. Fam
Pla
nn P
ersp
ect.
19
99
No
v-D
ec;3
1(6
):3
02
-6.
Eise
nst
at S
A. D
om
esti
c vi
ole
nce
. In: C
arls
on K
J, Ei
senst
at S
A, e
dit
ors
. Pri
mar
y ca
re o
fw
om
en. 2
nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 6
24
-32
.
Inst
itut
e fo
r C
linic
al S
yste
ms
Imp
rove
men
t. H
ealt
h c
are
guid
elin
e: d
om
esti
c vi
ole
nce
.9
th e
d. B
loo
min
gto
n, M
N: I
nst
itut
e fo
r C
linic
al S
yste
ms
Imp
rove
men
t, N
ov
20
04
.
68
Co
mp
. V
Co
mp
eten
cy:
V.
Iden
tify
an
d a
ssis
t vi
ctim
s o
f p
hys
ical,
em
oti
on
al,
an
d s
exu
al vi
ole
nce
an
d a
bu
se.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
Gen
eral
Ref
eren
ce f
or
Co
mp
eten
cy V
: The
Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n(A
MW
A).
Rep
rod
ucti
ve H
ealt
h Init
iati
ve. R
HI M
od
el C
urri
culu
m, 2
nd
ed
. Mo
dul
e 2
(Psy
cho
soci
al F
acto
rs/I
nte
rper
sonal
Vio
lence
). [
mo
dul
e o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
lexa
nd
ria,
VA
: Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n, 2
00
4. A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
mw
a-d
oc.
org
/RH
I.
1.B
ack
gro
un
d a
nd
Ep
idem
iolo
gy
d.
Sum
mar
ize
the
inci
den
ce a
nd
pre
vale
nce
of
vio
lence
agai
nst
, and
ab
use
of
wo
men
usi
ng
avai
lab
lenat
ional
/lo
cal d
ata
sour
ces
and
pub
lished
lite
ratu
re.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, Es
say
2a,
2b
, 3b
Fam
ily V
iole
nce
Pre
venti
on F
und
. The
Nat
ional
Co
nse
nsu
s G
uid
elin
es o
n Id
enti
fyin
gan
d R
esp
ond
ing
to D
om
esti
c V
iole
nce
Vic
tim
izat
ion in
Hea
lth C
are
Set
tings
.C
onse
nsu
s G
uid
elin
es o
n D
om
esti
c V
iole
nce
, 2nd
ed
. [gu
idel
ines
on t
he
Inte
rnet
].S
an F
ranci
sco
: Fam
ily V
iole
nce
Pre
venti
on F
und
, 20
04
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
15
].A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/end
abus
e.o
rg/p
rogr
ams/
hea
lthca
re/f
iles/
Co
nse
nsu
s.p
df.
Ren
nis
on C
, Wel
chan
s S
. Inti
mat
e p
artn
er v
iole
nce
. Bur
eau
of
Just
ice
Sta
tist
icS
pec
ial R
epo
rt [
rep
ort
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: U
.S. D
epar
tmen
t o
fJu
stic
e, O
ffic
e o
f Ju
stic
e P
rogr
ams,
May
20
00
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
15
]. A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
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jp.u
sdo
j.go
v/b
js/p
ub/p
df/
ipv.
pd
f.
Tja
den
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ho
ennes
N. F
ull r
epo
rt o
f th
e p
reva
lence
, inci
den
ce, a
nd
co
nse
que
nce
s o
fvi
ole
nce
aga
inst
wo
men
: res
earc
h r
epo
rt. F
ind
ings
fro
m t
he
Nat
ional
Vio
lence
Aga
inst
Wo
men
Sur
vey
[rep
ort
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: U
.S. D
epar
tmen
to
f Ju
stic
e, N
atio
nal
Inst
itut
e o
f Ju
stic
e, N
ov
20
00
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
15
]. A
vaila
ble
fro
m: h
ttp
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ww
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rs.o
rg/p
dff
iles1
/nij/
18
37
81
.pd
f.
War
shaw
C. D
om
esti
c vi
ole
nce
: chan
ging
theo
ry, c
han
ging
pra
ctic
e. J A
m M
edW
om
ens
Ass
oc.
19
96
May
-Jul
;51
(3):
87
-91
, 10
0.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
69
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Co
mp
eten
cy:
V.
Iden
tify
an
d a
ssis
t vi
ctim
s o
f p
hys
ical,
em
oti
on
al,
an
d s
exu
al vi
ole
nce
an
d a
bu
se.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
Gen
eral
Ref
eren
ce f
or
Co
mp
eten
cy V
: The
Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n(A
MW
A).
Rep
rod
ucti
ve H
ealt
h Init
iati
ve. R
HI M
od
el C
urri
culu
m, 2
nd
ed
. Mo
dul
e 2
(Psy
cho
soci
al F
acto
rs/I
nte
rper
sonal
Vio
lence
). [
mo
dul
e o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
lexa
nd
ria,
VA
: Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n, 2
00
4. A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
mw
a-d
oc.
org
/RH
I.
1.B
ack
gro
un
d a
nd
Ep
idem
iolo
gy
e.D
escr
ibe
the
per
sonal
and
hea
lth c
are
syst
emch
alle
nge
s th
at h
ealt
h c
are
pro
vid
ers
may
fac
e w
hen
cari
ng
for
pat
ients
who
are
vic
tim
s o
f vi
ole
nce
and
abus
e.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, Es
say
6b
Am
eric
an M
edic
al A
sso
ciat
ion. A
MA
(V
iole
nce
) P
hys
icia
n G
uid
elin
es. D
iagn
ost
ic a
nd
trea
tmen
t gu
idel
ines
on v
iole
nce
and
do
mes
tic
abus
e. C
hic
ago
: Am
eric
an M
edic
alA
sso
ciat
ion, 2
00
4.
Am
eric
an M
edic
al A
sso
ciat
ion. S
trat
egie
s fo
r th
e tr
eatm
ent
and
pre
venti
on o
f se
xual
assa
ult.
Chic
ago
: Am
eric
an M
edic
al A
sso
ciat
ion, 1
99
5.
Nat
ional
Ad
viso
ry C
oun
cil o
n V
iole
nce
Aga
inst
Wo
men
and
the
Vio
lence
Aga
inst
Wo
men
Off
ice.
To
olk
it T
o E
nd
Vio
lence
Aga
inst
Wo
men
[to
olk
it o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
].R
ock
ville
, MD
: Nat
ional
Cri
min
al Jus
tice
Ref
eren
ce S
ervi
ce, 2
00
1 [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct1
5].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
: htt
p:/
/to
olk
it.n
cjrs
.org
/.
Waa
len J, G
oo
dw
in M
M, S
pit
z A
M, P
eter
sen R
, Sal
tzm
an L
E. S
cree
nin
g fo
r in
tim
ate
par
tner
vio
lence
by
hea
lth c
are
pro
vid
ers.
Bar
rier
s an
d in
terv
enti
ons.
Am
J P
rev
Med
.2
00
0 N
ov;
19
(4
):2
30
-7.
War
shaw
C. D
om
esti
c vi
ole
nce
: chal
lenge
s to
med
ical
pra
ctic
e. In: D
an A
J, ed
ito
r.R
efra
min
g w
om
en's
hea
lth: m
ulti
dis
cip
linar
y re
sear
ch a
nd
pra
ctic
e. T
ho
usan
d O
aks,
CA
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e P
ublic
atio
ns,
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94
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01
-18
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War
shaw
C. I
nti
mat
e p
artn
er a
bus
e: d
evel
op
ing
a fr
amew
ork
fo
r ch
ange
in m
edic
aled
ucat
ion. A
cad
Med
. 19
97
Jan
;72
(1 S
upp
l):S
26
-37
.
70
Co
mp
. V
Co
mp
eten
cy:
V.
Iden
tify
an
d a
ssis
t vi
ctim
s o
f p
hys
ical,
em
oti
on
al,
an
d s
exu
al vi
ole
nce
an
d a
bu
se.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
Gen
eral
Ref
eren
ce f
or
Co
mp
eten
cy V
: The
Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n(A
MW
A).
Rep
rod
ucti
ve H
ealt
h Init
iati
ve. R
HI M
od
el C
urri
culu
m, 2
nd
ed
. Mo
dul
e 2
(Psy
cho
soci
al F
acto
rs/I
nte
rper
sonal
Vio
lence
). [
mo
dul
e o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
lexa
nd
ria,
VA
: Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n, 2
00
4. A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
mw
a-d
oc.
org
/RH
I.
2.A
cute
an
d C
hro
nic
Clin
ical M
an
ifest
ati
on
s
a.D
escr
ibe
the
sign
s an
d s
ymp
tom
s o
f vi
ole
nce
and
abus
e w
ith r
egar
d t
o p
hys
ical
tra
uma,
psy
cho
logi
cal
man
ifest
atio
ns,
ob
stet
rica
l co
mp
licat
ions,
and
med
ical
pro
ble
ms.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF,
Ess
ay2
bH
amp
ton H
L. C
are
of
the
wo
man
who
has
bee
n r
aped
. N E
ngl
J M
ed. 1
99
5Ja
n;3
32
(4):
23
4-7
.
Fam
ily V
iole
nce
Pre
venti
on F
und
. The
Nat
ional
Co
nse
nsu
s G
uid
elin
es o
n Id
enti
fyin
gan
d R
esp
ond
ing
to D
om
esti
c V
iole
nce
Vic
tim
izat
ion in
Hea
lth C
are
Set
tings
.C
onse
nsu
s G
uid
elin
es o
n D
om
esti
c V
iole
nce
, 2nd
ed
. [gu
idel
ines
on t
he
Inte
rnet
].S
an F
ranci
sco
: Fam
ily V
iole
nce
Pre
venti
on F
und
, 20
04
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
15
].A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/end
abus
e.o
rg/p
rogr
ams/
hea
lthca
re/f
iles/
Co
nse
nsu
s.p
df.
Mo
ore
M. R
epro
duc
tive
hea
lth a
nd
inti
mat
e p
artn
er v
iole
nce
. Fam
Pla
nn P
ersp
ect.
19
99
No
v-D
ec;3
1(6
):3
02
-6.
Rea
din
g A
E, B
rago
nie
r JR
. Hum
an s
exua
lity
and
sex
ual a
ssau
lt. I
n: H
acke
r N
F, M
oo
reJG
, ed
ito
rs. E
ssen
tial
s o
f o
bst
etri
cs a
nd
gyn
eco
logy
. 3rd
ed
. Phila
del
phia
: W.B
.S
aund
ers,
19
98
. p. 5
32
-42
.
Cam
pb
ell J
, Jo
nes
AS
, Die
nem
ann J, K
ub J, S
cho
llenb
erge
r J,
O'C
amp
o P
, et
al.
Inti
mat
e p
artn
er v
iole
nce
and
phys
ical
hea
lth c
onse
que
nce
s. A
rch Inte
rn M
ed. 2
00
2M
ay;1
62
(10
):1
15
7-6
3.
Cam
pb
ell J
C. H
ealt
h c
onse
que
nce
s o
f in
tim
ate
par
tner
vio
lence
. Lan
cet.
20
02
Ap
r;3
59
(93
14
):1
33
1-6
.
b.
Des
crib
e co
mm
on b
ehav
iors
of
the
abus
ed a
nd
the
abus
er in
a c
linic
al e
nco
unte
r.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF,
Ess
ay2
bA
mer
ican
Med
ical
Ass
oci
atio
n. S
trat
egie
s fo
r th
e tr
eatm
ent
and
pre
venti
on o
f se
xual
assa
ult.
Chic
ago
: Am
eric
an M
edic
al A
sso
ciat
ion, 1
99
5.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
71
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Co
mp
eten
cy:
V.
Iden
tify
an
d a
ssis
t vi
ctim
s o
f p
hys
ical,
em
oti
on
al,
an
d s
exu
al vi
ole
nce
an
d a
bu
se.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
Gen
eral
Ref
eren
ce f
or
Co
mp
eten
cy V
: The
Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n(A
MW
A).
Rep
rod
ucti
ve H
ealt
h Init
iati
ve. R
HI M
od
el C
urri
culu
m, 2
nd
ed
. Mo
dul
e 2
(Psy
cho
soci
al F
acto
rs/I
nte
rper
sonal
Vio
lence
). [
mo
dul
e o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
lexa
nd
ria,
VA
: Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n, 2
00
4. A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
mw
a-d
oc.
org
/RH
I.
2.A
cute
an
d C
hro
nic
Clin
ical M
an
ifest
ati
on
s
c.D
iscu
ss t
he
long-
term
seq
uela
e o
f vi
ole
nce
and
abus
e o
n a
wo
man
's h
ealt
h.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F, E
ssay
2b
Fam
ily V
iole
nce
Pre
venti
on F
und
. The
Nat
ional
Co
nse
nsu
s G
uid
elin
es o
n Id
enti
fyin
gan
d R
esp
ond
ing
to D
om
esti
c V
iole
nce
Vic
tim
izat
ion in
Hea
lth C
are
Set
tings
.C
onse
nsu
s G
uid
elin
es o
n D
om
esti
c V
iole
nce
, 2nd
ed
. [gu
idel
ines
on t
he
Inte
rnet
].S
an F
ranci
sco
: Fam
ily V
iole
nce
Pre
venti
on F
und
, 20
04
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
15
].A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/end
abus
e.o
rg/p
rogr
ams/
hea
lthca
re/f
iles/
Co
nse
nsu
s.p
df.
Mo
ore
M. R
epro
duc
tive
hea
lth a
nd
inti
mat
e p
artn
er v
iole
nce
. Fam
Pla
nn P
ersp
ect.
19
99
No
v-D
ec;3
1(6
):3
02
-6.
Cam
pb
ell J
, Jo
nes
AS
, Die
nem
ann J, K
ub J, S
cho
llenb
erge
r J,
O'C
amp
o P
, et
al.
Inti
mat
e p
artn
er v
iole
nce
and
phys
ical
hea
lth c
onse
que
nce
s. A
rch Inte
rn M
ed. 2
00
2M
ay;1
62
(10
):1
15
7-6
3.
Cam
pb
ell J
C. H
ealt
h c
onse
que
nce
s o
f in
tim
ate
par
tner
vio
lence
. Lan
cet.
20
02
Ap
r;3
59
(93
14
):1
33
1-6
.
3.S
creen
ing a
nd
Ass
ess
men
t
a.D
escr
ibe
the
com
po
nen
ts a
nd
pro
cess
of
rout
ine
scre
enin
g fo
r vi
ole
nce
and
ab
use
acro
ss t
he
lifes
pan
.K
no
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F, E
ssay
1b
, 2b
, 5c
Alp
ert
EJ, M
assa
chus
etts
Med
ical
So
ciet
y C
om
mit
tee
on V
iole
nce
. Par
tner
vio
lence
:ho
w t
o r
eco
gniz
e an
d t
reat
vic
tim
s o
f ab
use.
A g
uid
e fo
r p
hys
icia
ns
and
oth
er h
ealt
hca
re p
rofe
ssio
nal
s. W
alth
am, M
A: M
assa
chus
etts
Med
ical
So
ciet
y, 1
99
9.
Fam
ily V
iole
nce
Pre
venti
on F
und
. The
Nat
ional
Co
nse
nsu
s G
uid
elin
es o
n Id
enti
fyin
gan
d R
esp
ond
ing
to D
om
esti
c V
iole
nce
Vic
tim
izat
ion in
Hea
lth C
are
Set
tings
.C
onse
nsu
s G
uid
elin
es o
n D
om
esti
c V
iole
nce
, 2nd
ed
. [gu
idel
ines
on t
he
Inte
rnet
].S
an F
ranci
sco
: Fam
ily V
iole
nce
Pre
venti
on F
und
, 20
04
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
15
].A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/end
abus
e.o
rg/p
rogr
ams/
hea
lthca
re/f
iles/
Co
nse
nsu
s.p
df.
Waa
len J, G
oo
dw
in M
M, S
pit
z A
M, P
eter
sen R
, Sal
tzm
an L
E. S
cree
nin
g fo
r in
tim
ate
par
tner
vio
lence
by
hea
lth c
are
pro
vid
ers.
Bar
rier
s an
d in
terv
enti
ons.
Am
J P
rev
Med
.2
00
0 N
ov;
19
(4
):2
30
-7.
Lieb
schut
z JM
, Fra
yne
SM
, Sax
e G
N, e
dit
ors
. Vio
lence
aga
inst
wo
men
: a p
hys
icia
n's
guid
e to
iden
tific
atio
n a
nd
man
agem
ent.
Phila
del
phia
: Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
fP
hys
icia
ns,
20
03
.
War
shaw
C, A
lper
t E.
Inte
grat
ing
rout
ine
inq
uiry
ab
out
do
mes
tic
vio
lence
into
dai
lyp
ract
ice.
Ann Inte
rn M
ed. 1
99
9 O
ct;1
31
(8):
61
9-2
0.
72
Co
mp
. V
Co
mp
eten
cy:
V.
Iden
tify
an
d a
ssis
t vi
ctim
s o
f p
hys
ical,
em
oti
on
al,
an
d s
exu
al vi
ole
nce
an
d a
bu
se.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
Gen
eral
Ref
eren
ce f
or
Co
mp
eten
cy V
: The
Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n(A
MW
A).
Rep
rod
ucti
ve H
ealt
h Init
iati
ve. R
HI M
od
el C
urri
culu
m, 2
nd
ed
. Mo
dul
e 2
(Psy
cho
soci
al F
acto
rs/I
nte
rper
sonal
Vio
lence
). [
mo
dul
e o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
lexa
nd
ria,
VA
: Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n, 2
00
4. A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
mw
a-d
oc.
org
/RH
I.
3.S
creen
ing a
nd
Ass
ess
men
t
b.
List
the
red
fla
g in
dic
ato
rs t
hat
sho
uld
rai
sesu
spic
ion f
or
vio
lence
and
ab
use.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF,
Ess
ay2
bFa
mily
Vio
lence
Pre
venti
on F
und
. The
Nat
ional
Co
nse
nsu
s G
uid
elin
es o
n Id
enti
fyin
gan
d R
esp
ond
ing
to D
om
esti
c V
iole
nce
Vic
tim
izat
ion in
Hea
lth C
are
Set
tings
.C
onse
nsu
s G
uid
elin
es o
n D
om
esti
c V
iole
nce
, 2nd
ed
. [gu
idel
ines
on t
he
Inte
rnet
].S
an F
ranci
sco
: Fam
ily V
iole
nce
Pre
venti
on F
und
, 20
04
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
15
].A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/end
abus
e.o
rg/p
rogr
ams/
hea
lthca
re/f
iles/
Co
nse
nsu
s.p
df.
c.D
escr
ibe
app
rop
riat
e se
ttin
gs f
or
scre
enin
g an
din
dic
ate
who
sho
uld
be
scre
ened
fo
r vi
ole
nce
and
abus
e.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F, E
ssay
1d
, 2b
, 6b
Alp
ert
EJ, M
assa
chus
etts
Med
ical
So
ciet
y C
om
mit
tee
on V
iole
nce
. Par
tner
vio
lence
:ho
w t
o r
eco
gniz
e an
d t
reat
vic
tim
s o
f ab
use.
A g
uid
e fo
r p
hys
icia
ns
and
oth
er h
ealt
hca
re p
rofe
ssio
nal
s. W
alth
am, M
A: M
assa
chus
etts
Med
ical
So
ciet
y, 1
99
9.
Fam
ily V
iole
nce
Pre
venti
on F
und
. The
Nat
ional
Co
nse
nsu
s G
uid
elin
es o
n Id
enti
fyin
gan
d R
esp
ond
ing
to D
om
esti
c V
iole
nce
Vic
tim
izat
ion in
Hea
lth C
are
Set
tings
.C
onse
nsu
s G
uid
elin
es o
n D
om
esti
c V
iole
nce
, 2nd
ed
. [gu
idel
ines
on t
he
Inte
rnet
].S
an F
ranci
sco
: Fam
ily V
iole
nce
Pre
venti
on F
und
, 20
04
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
15
].A
vaila
ble
fro
m: h
ttp
://e
nd
abus
e.o
rg/p
rogr
ams/
hea
lthca
re/f
iles/
Co
nse
nsu
s.p
df.
Cam
pb
ell J
C, C
amp
bel
l DW
. Cul
tura
l co
mp
eten
ce in
the
care
of
abus
ed w
om
en. J
Nur
se M
idw
ifery
. 19
96
No
v-D
ec;4
1(6
):4
57
-62
.
d.
Dis
cuss
pat
ient
bar
rier
s to
dis
clo
sure
of
vio
lence
and
ab
use.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F, E
ssay
2b
, 5c
Am
eric
an M
edic
al A
sso
ciat
ion. A
MA
(V
iole
nce
) P
hys
icia
n G
uid
elin
es. D
iagn
ost
ic a
nd
trea
tmen
t gu
idel
ines
on v
iole
nce
and
do
mes
tic
abus
e. C
hic
ago
: Am
eric
an M
edic
alA
sso
ciat
ion, 2
00
4.
4.In
terv
en
tio
n O
pti
on
s
a.Li
st t
he
bas
ic e
lem
ents
of
safe
ty p
lannin
g fo
r w
om
enw
ho
are
cur
rentl
y in
vio
lent
or
abus
ive
rela
tio
nsh
ips.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF,
Ess
ay1
dA
lper
t EJ
, Mas
sach
uset
ts M
edic
al S
oci
ety
Co
mm
itte
e o
n V
iole
nce
. Par
tner
vio
lence
:ho
w t
o r
eco
gniz
e an
d t
reat
vic
tim
s o
f ab
use.
A g
uid
e fo
r p
hys
icia
ns
and
oth
er h
ealt
hca
re p
rofe
ssio
nal
s. W
alth
am, M
A: M
assa
chus
etts
Med
ical
So
ciet
y, 1
99
9.
Am
eric
an M
edic
al A
sso
ciat
ion. A
MA
(V
iole
nce
) P
hys
icia
n G
uid
elin
es. D
iagn
ost
ic a
nd
trea
tmen
t gu
idel
ines
on v
iole
nce
and
do
mes
tic
abus
e. C
hic
ago
: Am
eric
an M
edic
alA
sso
ciat
ion, 2
00
4.
Fam
ily V
iole
nce
Pre
venti
on F
und
. The
Nat
ional
Co
nse
nsu
s G
uid
elin
es o
n Id
enti
fyin
gan
d R
esp
ond
ing
to D
om
esti
c V
iole
nce
Vic
tim
izat
ion in
Hea
lth C
are
Set
tings
.C
onse
nsu
s G
uid
elin
es o
n D
om
esti
c V
iole
nce
, 2nd
ed
. [gu
idel
ines
on t
he
Inte
rnet
].S
an F
ranci
sco
: Fam
ily V
iole
nce
Pre
venti
on F
und
, 20
04
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
15
].A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/end
abus
e.o
rg/p
rogr
ams/
hea
lthca
re/f
iles/
Co
nse
nsu
s.p
df.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
73
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Co
mp
eten
cy:
V.
Iden
tify
an
d a
ssis
t vi
ctim
s o
f p
hys
ical,
em
oti
on
al,
an
d s
exu
al vi
ole
nce
an
d a
bu
se.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
Gen
eral
Ref
eren
ce f
or
Co
mp
eten
cy V
: The
Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n(A
MW
A).
Rep
rod
ucti
ve H
ealt
h Init
iati
ve. R
HI M
od
el C
urri
culu
m, 2
nd
ed
. Mo
dul
e 2
(Psy
cho
soci
al F
acto
rs/I
nte
rper
sonal
Vio
lence
). [
mo
dul
e o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
lexa
nd
ria,
VA
: Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n, 2
00
4. A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
mw
a-d
oc.
org
/RH
I.
4.In
terv
en
tio
n O
pti
on
s
b.
Des
crib
e a
stra
tegy
fo
r id
enti
fyin
g nat
ional
, sta
te,
and
loca
l res
our
ces
that
can
ad
dre
ss t
he
soci
al,
emo
tio
nal
, and
lega
l nee
ds
of
a w
om
an w
ho
has
bee
n in
a v
iole
nt
or
abus
ive
situ
atio
n.
Kno
ws
Ho
wO
ral,
Essa
y, O
SC
E1
h, 6
bFa
mily
Vio
lence
Pre
venti
on F
und
. The
Nat
ional
Co
nse
nsu
s G
uid
elin
es o
n Id
enti
fyin
gan
d R
esp
ond
ing
to D
om
esti
c V
iole
nce
Vic
tim
izat
ion in
Hea
lth C
are
Set
tings
.C
onse
nsu
s G
uid
elin
es o
n D
om
esti
c V
iole
nce
, 2nd
ed
. [gu
idel
ines
on t
he
Inte
rnet
].S
an F
ranci
sco
: Fam
ily V
iole
nce
Pre
venti
on F
und
, 20
04
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
15
].A
vaila
ble
fro
m: h
ttp
://e
nd
abus
e.o
rg/p
rogr
ams/
hea
lthca
re/f
iles/
Co
nse
nsu
s.p
df.
74
Co
mp
. V
Co
mp
eten
cy:
V.
Iden
tify
an
d a
ssis
t vi
ctim
s o
f p
hys
ical,
em
oti
on
al,
an
d s
exu
al vi
ole
nce
an
d a
bu
se.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
Gen
eral
Ref
eren
ce f
or
Co
mp
eten
cy V
: The
Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n(A
MW
A).
Rep
rod
ucti
ve H
ealt
h Init
iati
ve. R
HI M
od
el C
urri
culu
m, 2
nd
ed
. Mo
dul
e 2
(Psy
cho
soci
al F
acto
rs/I
nte
rper
sonal
Vio
lence
). [
mo
dul
e o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
lexa
nd
ria,
VA
: Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n, 2
00
4. A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
mw
a-d
oc.
org
/RH
I.
4.In
terv
en
tio
n O
pti
on
s
c.D
iscu
ss a
pp
rop
riat
e m
edic
al c
are
and
fo
llow
-up
fo
r a
wo
man
who
has
bee
n s
exua
lly a
ssau
lted
.K
no
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F, E
ssay
1d
, 2b
Alp
ert
EJ, M
assa
chus
etts
Med
ical
So
ciet
y C
om
mit
tee
on V
iole
nce
. Par
tner
vio
lence
:ho
w t
o r
eco
gniz
e an
d t
reat
vic
tim
s o
f ab
use.
A g
uid
e fo
r p
hys
icia
ns
and
oth
er h
ealt
hca
re p
rofe
ssio
nal
s. W
alth
am, M
A: M
assa
chus
etts
Med
ical
So
ciet
y, 1
99
9.
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
etri
cian
s an
d G
ynec
olo
gist
s. A
CO
G E
duc
atio
nal
Bul
leti
nN
umb
er 2
42
. Sex
ual a
ssau
lt. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts,
No
v 1
99
7. I
nt
J G
ynae
col O
bst
et. 1
99
8 M
ar;6
0(3
):2
97
-30
4.
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
etri
cian
s an
d G
ynec
olo
gist
s. A
CO
G E
duc
atio
nal
Bul
leti
nN
umb
er 2
52
. Ad
ole
scen
t vi
ctim
s o
f se
xual
ass
ault
. Was
hin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
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eric
an M
edic
al A
sso
ciat
ion. S
trat
egie
s fo
r th
e tr
eatm
ent
and
pre
venti
on o
f se
xual
assa
ult.
Chic
ago
: Am
eric
an M
edic
al A
sso
ciat
ion, 1
99
5.
Am
ey A
L, B
ishai
D. M
easu
ring
the
qua
lity
of
med
ical
car
e fo
r w
om
en w
ho
exp
erie
nce
sexu
al a
ssau
lt w
ith d
ata
fro
m t
he
Nat
ional
Ho
spit
al A
mb
ulat
ory
Med
ical
Car
eS
urve
y. A
nn E
mer
g M
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00
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;39
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63
1-8
.
Eise
nst
at S
A. S
exua
l ass
ault
. In: C
arls
on K
J, Ei
senst
at S
A, e
dit
ors
. Pri
mar
y ca
re o
fw
om
en. 2
nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 6
33
-9.
Fam
ily V
iole
nce
Pre
venti
on F
und
. The
Nat
ional
Co
nse
nsu
s G
uid
elin
es o
n Id
enti
fyin
gan
d R
esp
ond
ing
to D
om
esti
c V
iole
nce
Vic
tim
izat
ion in
Hea
lth C
are
Set
tings
.C
onse
nsu
s G
uid
elin
es o
n D
om
esti
c V
iole
nce
, 2nd
ed
. [gu
idel
ines
on t
he
Inte
rnet
].S
an F
ranci
sco
: Fam
ily V
iole
nce
Pre
venti
on F
und
, 20
04
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
15
].A
vaila
ble
fro
m: h
ttp
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nd
abus
e.o
rg/p
rogr
ams/
hea
lthca
re/f
iles/
Co
nse
nsu
s.p
df.
Ham
pto
n H
L. C
are
of
the
wo
man
who
has
bee
n r
aped
. N E
ngl
J M
ed. 1
99
5Ja
n;3
32
(4):
23
4-7
.
Am
eric
an P
ublic
Hea
lth A
sso
ciat
ion. A
PH
A P
olic
y S
tate
men
t 2
00
3-1
6. P
rovi
din
gac
cess
to
em
erge
ncy
co
ntr
acep
tio
n f
or
surv
ivo
rs o
f se
xual
ass
ault
[st
atem
ent
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Pub
lic H
ealt
h A
sso
ciat
ion, 2
00
3 [
cite
d 2
00
4O
ct 1
5].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
: htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
pha.
org
/leg
isla
tive
/po
licy/
20
03
/20
03
-0
16
.pd
f.
Ste
war
t FH
, Tru
ssel
l J. P
reve
nti
on o
f p
regn
ancy
res
ulti
ng
fro
m r
ape:
a n
egle
cted
pre
venti
ve h
ealt
h m
easu
re. A
m J P
rev
Med
. 20
00
No
v;1
9(4
):2
28
-9.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
75
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Wo
men
’s H
ealt
h C
are
Co
mp
eten
cies
fo
r M
edic
al S
tud
ents
: Ta
kin
g S
tep
s to
In
clu
de
Sex
an
d G
end
er D
iffe
ren
ces
in t
he
Cu
rric
ulu
m
Co
mp
eten
cy:
V.
Iden
tify
an
d a
ssis
t vi
ctim
s o
f p
hys
ical,
em
oti
on
al,
an
d s
exu
al vi
ole
nce
an
d a
bu
se.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
Gen
eral
Ref
eren
ce f
or
Co
mp
eten
cy V
: The
Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n(A
MW
A).
Rep
rod
ucti
ve H
ealt
h Init
iati
ve. R
HI M
od
el C
urri
culu
m, 2
nd
ed
. Mo
dul
e 2
(Psy
cho
soci
al F
acto
rs/I
nte
rper
sonal
Vio
lence
). [
mo
dul
e o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
lexa
nd
ria,
VA
: Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n, 2
00
4. A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
mw
a-d
oc.
org
/RH
I.
5.P
reve
nti
on
Str
ate
gie
s
a.D
escr
ibe
stra
tegi
es f
or
pre
venti
on o
f vi
ole
nce
and
abus
e.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF,
Ess
ay1
g, 6
bA
mer
ican
Med
ical
Ass
oci
atio
n. S
trat
egie
s fo
r th
e tr
eatm
ent
and
pre
venti
on o
f se
xual
assa
ult.
Chic
ago
: Am
eric
an M
edic
al A
sso
ciat
ion, 1
99
5.
Nat
ional
Ad
viso
ry C
oun
cil o
n V
iole
nce
Aga
inst
Wo
men
and
the
Vio
lence
Aga
inst
Wo
men
Off
ice.
To
olk
it T
o E
nd
Vio
lence
Aga
inst
Wo
men
[to
olk
it o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
].R
ock
ville
, MD
: Nat
ional
Cri
min
al Jus
tice
Ref
eren
ce S
ervi
ce, 2
00
1 [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct1
5].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
: htt
p:/
/to
olk
it.n
cjrs
.org
/.
6.R
ep
ort
ing R
eq
uir
em
en
ts
a.D
escr
ibe
stat
e an
d lo
cal s
tand
ard
s an
d r
equi
rem
ents
for
rep
ort
ing
and
do
cum
enti
ng
vio
lence
and
ab
use.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF,
Ess
ay6
bFa
mily
Vio
lence
Pre
venti
on F
und
. The
Nat
ional
Co
nse
nsu
s G
uid
elin
es o
n Id
enti
fyin
gan
d R
esp
ond
ing
to D
om
esti
c V
iole
nce
Vic
tim
izat
ion in
Hea
lth C
are
Set
tings
.C
onse
nsu
s G
uid
elin
es o
n D
om
esti
c V
iole
nce
, 2nd
ed
. [gu
idel
ines
on t
he
Inte
rnet
].S
an F
ranci
sco
: Fam
ily V
iole
nce
Pre
venti
on F
und
, 20
04
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
15
].A
vaila
ble
fro
m: h
ttp
://e
nd
abus
e.o
rg/p
rogr
ams/
hea
lthca
re/f
iles/
Co
nse
nsu
s.p
df.
Isaa
c, N
E, E
no
s V
P. N
atio
nal
Inst
itut
e o
f Ju
stic
e R
esea
rch in
Bri
ef. D
ocu
men
ting
do
mes
tic
vio
lence
: ho
w h
ealt
h c
are
pro
vid
ers
can h
elp
vic
tim
s [r
epo
rt o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: U
.S. D
epar
tmen
t o
f Ju
stic
e, O
ffic
e o
f Ju
stic
e P
rogr
ams,
Sep
t 2
00
1 [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct 1
5].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
:htt
p:/
/ww
w.n
cjrs
.org
/pd
ffile
s1/n
ij/1
88
56
4.p
df.
VI.
Ass
ess
an
d c
ou
nse
l w
om
en
fo
r se
x- a
nd
gen
der-
ap
pro
pri
ate
red
uct
ion
of
risk
, in
clu
din
g lif
est
yle c
han
ges
an
d g
en
eti
c te
stin
g.
1.
Card
iova
scu
lar
Dis
ease
a.D
emo
nst
rate
ho
w t
o a
sses
s lip
id p
rofil
es a
nd
form
ulat
e a
man
agem
ent
pla
n t
hat
ap
plie
s cu
rren
tre
com
men
dat
ions
as s
tate
d in
the
Nat
ional
Cho
lest
ero
l Ed
ucat
ion P
rogr
am (
NC
EP)
exp
ert
pan
el.
Sho
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, O
SC
E1
d, 2
bEx
per
t P
anel
on D
etec
tio
n, E
valu
atio
n, a
nd
Tre
atm
ent
of
Hig
h B
loo
d C
ho
lest
ero
l in
Ad
ults
. Exe
cuti
ve S
umm
ary
of
The
Thir
d R
epo
rt o
f T
he
Nat
ional
Cho
lest
ero
lEd
ucat
ion P
rogr
am (
NC
EP)
Exp
ert
Pan
el o
n D
etec
tio
n, E
valu
atio
n, A
nd
Tre
atm
ent
of
Hig
h B
loo
d C
ho
lest
ero
l In A
dul
ts (
Ad
ult
Tre
atm
ent
Pan
el III)
. JA
MA
. 20
01
May
16
;28
5(1
9):
24
86
-97
.
Ass
oci
atio
n o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
. AP
GO
Ed
ucat
ional
Ser
ies
on W
om
en's
Hea
lth Iss
ues.
Man
agin
g hyp
erlip
idem
ia in
wo
men
. Was
hin
gto
n, D
C:
Ass
oci
atio
n o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
, 19
99
.
b.
Dem
onst
rate
ho
w t
o s
cree
n f
or
hyp
erte
nsi
on a
nd
form
ulat
e a
man
agem
ent
pla
n t
hat
fo
llow
s th
e S
ixth
Join
t N
atio
nal
pro
toco
ls.
Sho
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, O
SC
E1
d, 2
bT
he
sixt
h r
epo
rt o
f th
e Jo
int
Nat
ional
Co
mm
itte
e o
n p
reve
nti
on, d
etec
tio
n,
eval
uati
on, a
nd
tre
atm
ent
of
hig
h b
loo
d p
ress
ure.
Arc
h Inte
rn M
ed. 1
99
7N
ov;
15
7(2
1):
24
13
-46
.
Johnso
n B
E. H
yper
tensi
on. I
n: J
ohnso
n B
E, e
t al
., ed
ito
rs. W
om
en's
hea
lth c
are
han
db
oo
k. 2
nd
ed
. Phila
del
phia
: Han
ley
& B
elfu
s, 2
00
0. p
. 52
0-8
.
76
Co
mp
. V
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cyle
velc
om
pet
ency
or
skill
asfo
und
inth
eA
CG
ME
Out
com
eP
roje
ctan
dd
efin
edas
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
tsLa
ngu
age
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
ES
epte
mb
er2
81
99
9
Co
mp
eten
cy:
VI.
Ass
ess
an
d c
ou
nse
l w
om
en
fo
r se
x- a
nd
gen
der-
ap
pro
pri
ate
red
uct
ion
of
risk
, in
clu
din
g lif
est
yle c
han
ges
an
d g
en
eti
c te
stin
g.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
1.C
ard
iova
scu
lar
Dis
ease
c.D
emo
nst
rate
ho
w t
o s
cree
n f
or
ob
esit
y an
dfo
rmul
ate
a tr
eatm
ent
pla
n.
Sho
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, O
SC
E1
d, 2
bN
atio
nal
Inst
itut
es o
f H
ealt
h; N
atio
nal
Hea
rt, L
ung,
and
Blo
od
Inst
itut
e. C
linic
algu
idel
ines
on t
he
iden
tific
atio
n, e
valu
atio
n, a
nd
tre
atm
ent
of
ove
rwei
ght
and
ob
esit
yin
ad
ults
: the
evid
ence
rep
ort
[gu
idel
ines
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: U
.S.
Dep
artm
ent
of
Hea
lth a
nd
Hum
an S
ervi
ces,
19
98
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
26
]. A
vaila
ble
fro
m: h
ttp
://w
ww
.nhlb
i.nih
.go
v/gu
idel
ines
/ob
esit
y/o
b_h
om
e.htm
.
Am
eric
an O
bes
ity
Ass
oci
atio
n [
ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C:
Am
eric
an O
bes
ity
Ass
oci
atio
n [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct 1
7].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
:htt
p:/
/ww
w.o
bes
ity.
org
/.
Lies
e B
S, J
ohnso
n B
E. O
bes
ity.
In: J
ohnso
n B
E, e
t al
., ed
ito
rs. W
om
en's
hea
lth c
are
han
db
oo
k. 2
nd
ed
. Phila
del
phia
: Han
ley
& B
elfu
s, 2
00
0. p
. 52
8-3
6.
d.
Dem
onst
rate
ho
w t
o s
cree
n f
or
dia
bet
es, p
hys
ical
inac
tivi
ty, a
nd
to
bac
co d
epen
den
ce a
nd
cre
ate
am
anag
emen
t p
lan f
or
each
.
Sho
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, O
SC
E1
d, 2
bM
anso
n JE,
Sp
elsb
erg
A. R
isk
mo
difi
cati
on in
the
dia
bet
ic p
atie
nt.
In: M
anso
n JE,
et
al.,
edit
ors
. Pre
venti
on o
f m
yoca
rdia
l infa
rcti
on. N
ew Y
ork
: Oxf
ord
Univ
ersi
ty P
ress
,1
99
6. p
. 24
1-7
3.
Bro
wn A
J. D
iab
etes
: pre
venti
on, t
reat
men
t, a
nd
fo
llow
-up
. In: R
ose
nfe
ld JA
, ed
ito
r.W
om
en's
hea
lth in
pri
mar
y ca
re. 1
st e
d. B
alti
mo
re: W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s, 1
99
7. p
.5
97
-61
5.
U.S
. Dep
artm
ent
of
Hea
lth a
nd
Hum
an S
ervi
ces,
Off
ice
of
the
Sur
geo
n G
ener
al.
Tre
atin
g T
ob
acco
Use
and
Dep
end
ence
. A H
ow
-To
Gui
de
For
Imp
lem
enti
ng
the
Pub
lic H
ealt
h S
ervi
ce C
linic
al P
ract
ice
Gui
del
ine
(Clin
icia
n's
Pac
ket)
[gu
idel
ine
on
the
Inte
rnet
]. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: U
.S. D
epar
tmen
t o
f H
ealt
h a
nd
Hum
an S
ervi
ces,
Jun
20
00
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
18
]. A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.s
urge
onge
ner
al.g
ov/
tob
acco
/.
Johnso
n B
E. E
xerc
ise.
In: J
ohnso
n B
E, e
t al
., ed
ito
rs. W
om
en's
hea
lth c
are
han
db
oo
k.2
nd
ed
. Phila
del
phia
: Han
ley
& B
elfu
s, 2
00
0. p
. 36
-47
.
2.(i
) C
om
mo
n M
align
an
cies
- B
reast
Can
cer
a.Ed
ucat
e w
om
en a
bo
ut k
no
wn r
isk
fact
ors
fo
r b
reas
tca
nce
r an
d a
sses
s ri
sk u
sing
the
Gai
l Mo
del
.S
ho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
e, 1
gA
rmst
rong
K, E
isen
A, W
eber
B. A
sses
sing
the
risk
of
bre
ast
cance
r. N
Engl
J M
ed.
20
00
Feb
;34
2(8
):5
64
-71
.
Qui
llin JM
, Fri
es E
, McC
lish D
, Shaw
de
Par
edes
E, B
od
urth
a J.
Gai
l mo
del
ris
kas
sess
men
t an
d r
isk
per
cep
tio
ns.
J B
ehav
Med
. 20
04
Ap
r;2
7(2
):2
05
-14
.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
77
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Wo
men
’s H
ealt
h C
are
Co
mp
eten
cies
fo
r M
edic
al S
tud
ents
: Ta
kin
g S
tep
s to
In
clu
de
Sex
an
d G
end
er D
iffe
ren
ces
in t
he
Cu
rric
ulu
m
Co
mp
eten
cy:
VI.
Ass
ess
an
d c
ou
nse
l w
om
en
fo
r se
x- a
nd
gen
der-
ap
pro
pri
ate
red
uct
ion
of
risk
, in
clu
din
g lif
est
yle c
han
ges
an
d g
en
eti
c te
stin
g.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
2.(i
) C
om
mo
n M
align
an
cies
- B
reast
Can
cer
b.
Pro
vid
e co
unse
ling
rega
rdin
g m
od
ifica
tio
n o
flif
esty
le f
acto
rs t
hat
may
red
uce
bre
ast
cance
r ri
sk.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
eC
hle
bo
wsk
i RT
. Red
ucin
g th
e ri
sk o
f b
reas
t ca
nce
r. N
Engl
J M
ed. 2
00
0Ju
l;34
3(3
):1
91
-8.
Johnso
n B
E. B
reas
t ca
nce
r. In: J
ohnso
n B
E, e
t al
., ed
ito
rs. W
om
en's
hea
lth c
are
han
db
oo
k. 2
nd
ed
. Phila
del
phia
: Han
ley
& B
elfu
s, 2
00
0. p
. 54
7-5
4.
Co
uzi R
J, D
avid
son N
E. B
reas
t ca
nce
r an
d p
reve
nti
on. I
n: R
ose
nfe
ld JA
, ed
ito
r.W
om
en's
hea
lth in
pri
mar
y ca
re. 1
st e
d. B
alti
mo
re: W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s, 1
99
7. p
.6
83
-70
2.
c.D
iscu
ss a
nd
imp
lem
ent
age-
and
ris
k-ap
pro
pri
ate
reco
mm
end
atio
ns
for
mam
mo
grap
hic
scr
eenin
g an
dcl
inic
al b
reas
t ex
ams.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
d, 1
e, 1
gU
.S. P
reve
nti
ve S
ervi
ces
Tas
k Fo
rce
(US
PS
TF)
. The
Gui
de
to C
linic
al P
reve
nti
veS
ervi
ces:
Scr
eenin
g fo
r B
reas
t C
ance
r [r
eco
mm
end
atio
ns
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. R
ock
ville
,M
D: A
gency
fo
r H
ealt
hca
re R
esea
rch a
nd
Qua
lity,
Feb
20
02
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
17
].A
vaila
ble
fro
m: h
ttp
://w
ww
.ahrq
.go
v/cl
inic
/usp
stf/
usp
sbrc
a.htm
.
Inst
itut
e o
f M
edic
ine
(U.S
.); N
atio
nal
Res
earc
h C
oun
cil;
Co
mm
itte
e o
n N
ewA
pp
roac
hes
to
Ear
ly D
etec
tio
n a
nd
Dia
gno
sis
of
Bre
ast
Can
cer.
Sav
ing
wo
men
'sliv
es: s
trat
egie
s fo
r im
pro
ving
bre
ast
cance
r d
etec
tio
n a
nd
dia
gno
sis.
Jo
y JE
, Pen
ho
etEE
, Pet
itti
DB
, ed
ito
rs. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: N
atio
nal
Aca
dem
ies
Pre
ss, 2
00
4.
Johnso
n B
E. B
reas
t ca
nce
r; Jo
hnso
n C
A. B
reas
t ex
amin
atio
n. I
n: J
ohnso
n B
E, e
t al
.,ed
ito
rs. W
om
en's
hea
lth c
are
han
db
oo
k. 2
nd
ed
. Phila
del
phia
: Han
ley
& B
elfu
s,2
00
0. p
. 54
7-5
4; 6
41
-3.
d.
Iden
tify
hig
h-r
isk
wo
men
who
may
ben
efit
fro
min
tensi
ve s
cree
nin
g an
d r
efer
ral t
o a
hig
h-r
isk
clin
icfo
r co
nsi
der
atio
n o
f ge
net
ic t
esti
ng,
chem
op
reve
nti
on, a
nd
pro
phyl
acti
c m
aste
cto
my.
Sho
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, O
SC
E1
g, 2
bS
mit
h R
A, S
aslo
w D
, Saw
yer
KA
, Bur
ke W
. Am
eric
an C
ance
r S
oci
ety
Gui
del
ines
fo
rB
reas
t C
ance
r S
cree
nin
g: U
pd
ate
20
03
[gu
idel
ines
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
tlan
ta:
Am
eric
an C
ance
r S
oci
ety,
20
03
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
18
]. A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/cao
nlin
e.am
cance
rso
c.o
rg/c
gi/c
onte
nt/
full/
53
/3/1
41
.
2.(i
i) C
om
mo
n M
align
an
cies
- C
erv
ical C
an
cer
(See C
om
p.
I.C
.16
.(i)
Gyn
eco
logic
Can
cers
- C
erv
ical N
eo
pla
sia)
2.(i
ii)
Co
mm
on
Malign
an
cies
- C
olo
n C
an
cer
a.Ed
ucat
e w
om
en a
bo
ut t
he
risk
fac
tors
fo
r co
lon
cance
r an
d p
rovi
de
coun
selin
g re
gard
ing
mo
difi
cati
on o
f lif
esty
le f
acto
rs t
hat
may
red
uce
colo
n c
ance
r ri
sk.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
e, 1
gT
erry
PD
, Mill
er A
B, R
ohan
TE.
Ob
esit
y an
d c
olo
rect
al c
ance
r ri
sk in
wo
men
. Gut
.2
00
2 A
ug;5
1(2
):1
91
-4.
Nak
aji S
, Um
eda
T, S
him
oya
ma
T, S
ugaw
ara
K, T
amur
a K
, Fuk
uda
S, e
t al
.En
viro
nm
enta
l fac
tors
aff
ect
colo
n c
arci
no
ma
and
rec
tal c
arci
no
ma
in m
en a
nd
wo
men
diff
eren
tly.
Int
J C
olo
rect
al D
is. 2
00
3 N
ov;
18
(6):
48
1-6
.
Ro
bb
KA
, Mile
s A
, War
dle
J. D
emo
grap
hic
and
psy
cho
soci
al f
acto
rs a
sso
ciat
ed w
ith
per
ceiv
ed r
isk
for
colo
rect
al c
ance
r. C
ance
r Ep
idem
iol B
iom
arke
rs P
rev.
20
04
Mar
;13
(3):
36
6-7
2.
b.
Dis
cuss
and
imp
lem
ent
age-
and
ris
k- a
pp
rop
riat
ere
com
men
dat
ions
for
colo
n c
ance
r sc
reen
ing.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
d, 1
e, 1
gU
.S. P
reve
nti
ve S
ervi
ces
Tas
k Fo
rce
(US
PS
TF)
. The
Gui
de
to C
linic
al P
reve
nti
veS
ervi
ces:
Scr
eenin
g fo
r C
olo
rect
al C
ance
r [r
eco
mm
end
atio
ns
on t
he
Inte
rnet
].R
ock
ville
, MD
: Age
ncy
fo
r H
ealt
hca
re R
esea
rch a
nd
Qua
lity,
Jul
20
02
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
18
]. A
vaila
ble
fro
m: h
ttp
://w
ww
.ahrq
.go
v/cl
inic
/usp
stf/
usp
sco
lo.h
tm.
78
Co
mp
. V
I
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cyle
velc
om
pet
ency
or
skill
asfo
und
inth
eA
CG
ME
Out
com
eP
roje
ctan
dd
efin
edas
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
tsLa
ngu
age
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
ES
epte
mb
er2
81
99
9
Co
mp
eten
cy:
VI.
Ass
ess
an
d c
ou
nse
l w
om
en
fo
r se
x- a
nd
gen
der-
ap
pro
pri
ate
red
uct
ion
of
risk
, in
clu
din
g lif
est
yle c
han
ges
an
d g
en
eti
c te
stin
g.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
2.(i
v) C
om
mo
n M
align
an
cies
- Lu
ng C
an
cer
a.D
iscu
ss r
isk
fact
ors
fo
r lu
ng
cance
r an
d t
he
incr
easi
ng
inci
den
ce o
f sm
oki
ng
and
lung
cance
rd
eath
s am
ong
wo
men
.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, K
F1
e, 1
gB
ain C
, Fes
kanic
h D
, Sp
eize
r FE
, Thun
M, H
ertz
mar
k E,
Ro
sner
BA
, et
al..
Lung
cance
rra
tes
in m
en a
nd
wo
men
wit
h c
om
par
able
his
tori
es o
f sm
oki
ng.
J N
atl C
ance
r In
st.
20
04
Jun
2;9
6(1
1):
82
6-3
4.
Am
eric
an C
ance
r S
oci
ety.
Can
cer
Fact
s an
d F
igur
es 2
00
4. A
tlan
ta: A
mer
ican
Can
cer
So
ciet
y, 2
00
4.
To
bac
co Info
rmat
ion a
nd
Pre
venti
on S
our
ce; N
atio
nal
Cen
ter
for
Chro
nic
Dis
ease
Pre
venti
on a
nd
Hea
lth P
rom
oti
on. W
om
en a
nd
Sm
oki
ng:
A R
epo
rt o
f th
e S
urge
on
Gen
eral
- 2
00
1. A
tlan
ta: C
ente
rs f
or
Dis
ease
Co
ntr
ol a
nd
Pre
venti
on, 2
00
1 [
cite
d2
00
4 O
ct 1
8].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
:w
ww
.cd
c.go
v/to
bac
co/s
gr/s
gr_f
orw
om
en/i
nd
ex.h
tm.
The
Nat
ional
Wo
men
's H
ealt
h Info
rmat
ion C
ente
r. W
hy
It's
Im
po
rtan
t fo
r W
om
en t
oQ
uit.
Was
hin
gto
n, D
C: U
.S. D
epar
tmen
t o
f H
ealt
h a
nd
Hum
an S
ervi
ces,
Off
ice
on
Wo
men
's H
ealt
h, 2
00
4 [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct 1
8].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
:w
ww
.4w
om
en.g
ov/
Qui
tSm
oki
ng/
imp
ort
ant.
cfm
.
U.S
. Pre
venti
ve S
ervi
ces
Tas
k Fo
rce
(US
PS
TF)
. The
Gui
de
to C
linic
al P
reve
nti
veS
ervi
ces:
Scr
eenin
g fo
r Lu
ng
Can
cer
[rec
om
men
dat
ions
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. R
ock
ville
,M
D: A
gency
fo
r H
ealt
hca
re R
esea
rch a
nd
Qua
lity,
May
20
04
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
18
].A
vaila
ble
fro
m: h
ttp
://w
ww
.ahrq
.go
v/cl
inic
/usp
stf/
usp
slun
g.htm
.
2.(v
) C
om
mo
n M
align
an
cies
- S
kin
Can
cer
a.Id
enti
fy h
igh-r
isk
wo
men
who
may
ben
efit
fro
mro
utin
e sk
in c
ance
r sc
reen
ing
usin
g to
tal-
bo
dy
skin
exam
inat
ion.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
g, 2
bU
.S. P
reve
nti
ve S
ervi
ces
Tas
k Fo
rce
(US
PS
TF)
. The
Gui
de
to C
linic
al P
reve
nti
veS
ervi
ces:
Scr
eenin
g fo
r S
kin C
ance
r [r
eco
mm
end
atio
ns
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. R
ock
ville
,M
D: A
gency
fo
r H
ealt
hca
re R
esea
rch a
nd
Qua
lity,
Ap
r 2
00
1 [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct 1
8].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
: htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
hrq
.go
v/cl
inic
/usp
stf/
usp
sskc
a.htm
.
3.O
steo
po
rosi
s
a.Ed
ucat
e w
om
en a
bo
ut r
isk
fact
ors
fo
r o
steo
po
rosi
s.S
ho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
e, 1
gN
atio
nal
Ost
eop
oro
sis
Foun
dat
ion [
ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C:
Nat
ional
Ost
eop
oro
sis
Foun
dat
ion [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct 1
8].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
:htt
p:/
/ww
w.n
of.o
rg.
Ass
oci
atio
n o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
. AP
GO
Ed
ucat
ional
Ser
ies
on W
om
en's
Hea
lth Iss
ues.
Cur
rent
stra
tegi
es f
or
man
agin
g o
steo
po
rosi
s. C
roft
on,
MD
: Ass
oci
atio
n o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
, 20
03
.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
79
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Co
mp
eten
cy:
VI.
Ass
ess
an
d c
ou
nse
l w
om
en
fo
r se
x- a
nd
gen
der-
ap
pro
pri
ate
red
uct
ion
of
risk
, in
clu
din
g lif
est
yle c
han
ges
an
d g
en
eti
c te
stin
g.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
3.O
steo
po
rosi
s
b.
Pro
vid
e co
unse
ling
rega
rdin
g m
od
ifica
tio
n o
flif
esty
le f
acto
rs (
star
ting
in y
out
h)
that
may
red
uce
ost
eop
oro
sis
risk
.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
eU
.S. P
reve
nti
ve S
ervi
ces
Tas
k Fo
rce
(US
PS
TF)
. The
Gui
de
to C
linic
al P
reve
nti
veS
ervi
ces
- O
steo
po
rosi
s S
cree
nin
g [r
eco
mm
end
atio
ns
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. R
ock
ville
,M
D: A
gency
fo
r H
ealt
hca
re R
esea
rch a
nd
Qua
lity,
Sep
20
02
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
18
].A
vaila
ble
fro
m: h
ttp
://w
ww
.ahrq
.go
v/cl
inic
/usp
stf/
usp
sost
e.htm
.
Ass
oci
atio
n o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
. AP
GO
Ed
ucat
ional
Ser
ies
on W
om
en's
Hea
lth Iss
ues.
Cur
rent
stra
tegi
es f
or
man
agin
g o
steo
po
rosi
s. C
roft
on,
MD
: Ass
oci
atio
n o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
, 20
03
.
c.Id
enti
fy h
igh-r
isk
wo
men
who
may
ben
efit
fro
m b
one
min
eral
den
sity
(B
MD
) te
stin
g an
d s
elec
t an
app
rop
riat
e B
MD
tes
ting
mo
dal
ity.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, E
ssay
1e,
1g,
2b
U.S
. Pre
venti
ve S
ervi
ces
Tas
k Fo
rce
(US
PS
TF)
. The
Gui
de
to C
linic
al P
reve
nti
veS
ervi
ces
- O
steo
po
rosi
s S
cree
nin
g [r
eco
mm
end
atio
ns
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. R
ock
ville
,M
D: A
gency
fo
r H
ealt
hca
re R
esea
rch a
nd
Qua
lity,
Sep
20
02
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
18
].A
vaila
ble
fro
m: h
ttp
://w
ww
.ahrq
.go
v/cl
inic
/usp
stf/
usp
sost
e.htm
.
Ass
oci
atio
n o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
. AP
GO
Ed
ucat
ional
Ser
ies
on W
om
en's
Hea
lth Iss
ues.
Cur
rent
stra
tegi
es f
or
man
agin
g o
steo
po
rosi
s. C
roft
on,
MD
: Ass
oci
atio
n o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
, 20
03
.
4.D
iab
ete
s
a.R
eco
mm
end
mo
difi
cati
on o
f sc
reen
ing
inte
rval
s fo
rd
iab
etes
bas
ed u
po
n k
no
wn r
isk
fact
ors
, incl
udin
gse
x, a
ge, r
ace,
and
eth
nic
ity.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l1
d, 2
bN
atio
nal
Aca
dem
y o
n a
n A
ging
So
ciet
y. D
iab
etes
: a d
rain
on U
.S. r
eso
urce
s[m
ono
grap
h o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: N
atio
nal
Aca
dem
y o
n a
n A
ging
So
ciet
y, A
pr
20
00
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
18
]. A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
gings
oci
ety.
org
/agi
ngs
oci
ety/
pd
f/d
iab
etes
.pd
f.
Am
eric
an D
iab
etes
Ass
oci
atio
n. S
cree
nin
g fo
r ty
pe
2 d
iab
etes
. Dia
bet
es C
are.
20
04
Jan;2
7(S
upp
l 1):
S1
1-1
4.
b.
Pro
vid
e ap
pro
pri
ate
pre
conce
pti
on c
oun
selin
g to
dia
bet
ic w
om
en.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
e, 1
g, 2
bA
mer
ican
Dia
bet
es A
sso
ciat
ion. P
reco
nce
pti
on c
are
of
wo
men
wit
h d
iab
etes
.D
iab
etes
Car
e. 2
00
4 Jan
;27
(Sup
pl 1
):S
76
-S7
8.
5.V
isio
n a
nd
Heari
ng
a.R
eco
mm
end
ap
pro
pri
ate
ocu
lar
scre
enin
g b
ased
on
risk
fac
tors
fo
r ey
e d
isea
se in
clud
ing
sex,
age
,d
iab
etes
, and
oth
er c
hro
nic
dis
ord
ers.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 2
bR
ow
e S
, Mac
Lean
CH
, Shek
elle
PG
. Pre
venti
ng
visu
al lo
ss f
rom
chro
nic
eye
dis
ease
inp
rim
ary
care
: sci
enti
fic r
evie
w. J
AM
A. 2
00
4 M
ar 2
4;2
91
(12
):1
48
7-9
5.
Go
ldzw
eig
CL,
Ro
we
S, W
enge
r N
S, M
acLe
an C
H, S
hek
elle
PG
. Pre
venti
ng
and
man
agin
g vi
sual
dis
abili
ty in
pri
mar
y ca
re: c
linic
al a
pp
licat
ions.
JA
MA
. 20
04
Mar
24
;29
1(1
2):
14
97
-50
2.
Hud
gins
SJ.
Eye
dis
ord
ers.
In: S
eltz
er V
L, P
ears
e W
H, e
dit
ors
. Wo
men
's p
rim
ary
hea
lth c
are:
off
ice
pra
ctic
e an
d p
roce
dur
es. 2
nd
ed
. New
Yo
rk: M
cGra
w-H
ill, 2
00
0.
p. 1
09
7-1
10
.
80
Co
mp
. V
I
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
Co
mp
eten
cy:
VI.
Ass
ess
an
d c
ou
nse
l w
om
en
fo
r se
x- a
nd
gen
der-
ap
pro
pri
ate
red
uct
ion
of
risk
, in
clu
din
g lif
est
yle c
han
ges
an
d g
en
eti
c te
stin
g.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
5.V
isio
n a
nd
Heari
ng
b.
Des
crib
e an
age
- an
d r
isk-
app
rop
riat
e sc
reen
ing
stra
tegy
fo
r hea
ring
loss
.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
1d
, 2b
Nem
es J. G
end
er a
nd
hea
ring:
new
stu
die
s fin
d a
udit
ory
diff
eren
ces
bet
wee
n t
he
sexe
s. H
eari
ng
Jour
nal
. 19
99
Ap
r;5
2(4
): 2
1-2
, 24
-6, 2
8.
U.S
. Pre
venti
ve S
ervi
ces
Tas
k Fo
rce
(US
PS
TF)
. Scr
eenin
g H
eari
ng
Imp
airm
ent
[rec
om
men
dat
ions
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. R
ock
ville
, MD
: Age
ncy
fo
r H
ealt
hca
re R
esea
rch
and
Qua
lity,
19
96
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
18
]. A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
hrq
.go
v/cl
inic
/usp
stf/
usp
shea
r.htm
.
6.O
ral H
ealt
h
a.D
escr
ibe
the
effe
cts
of
estr
oge
n d
efic
iency
and
ther
apy
on o
ral h
ealt
h.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
1e
Pag
anin
i-H
ill A
. The
ben
efit
s o
f es
tro
gen r
epla
cem
ent
ther
apy
on o
ral h
ealt
h. T
he
Leis
ure
Wo
rld
co
ho
rt. A
rch Inte
rn M
ed. 1
99
5 N
ov
27
;15
5(2
1):
23
25
-9.
b.
Dis
cuss
the
asso
ciat
ion o
f p
erio
do
nta
l dis
ease
wit
hp
rete
rm d
eliv
ery
and
ost
eop
oro
sis.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
1e,
1g
Jeff
coat
MK
, Hau
th JC
, Geu
rs N
C, R
edd
y M
S, C
liver
SP
, Ho
dgk
ins
PM
, et
al.
Per
iod
onta
l dis
ease
and
pre
term
bir
th: r
esul
ts o
f a
pilo
t in
terv
enti
on s
tud
y. J
Per
iod
onto
l. 2
00
3 A
ug;7
4(8
):1
21
4-8
.
Car
ta G
, Per
sia
G, F
alci
glia
K, I
ove
nit
ti P
. Per
iod
onta
l dis
ease
and
po
or
ob
stet
rica
lo
utco
me.
Clin
Exp
Ob
stet
Gyn
eco
l. 2
00
4;3
1(1
):4
7-9
.
Myc
haj
liw P
A, S
ciub
ba
S. D
enta
l and
med
ical
inte
rrel
atio
nsh
ips.
In: S
eltz
er V
L, P
ears
eW
H, e
dit
ors
. Wo
men
's p
rim
ary
hea
lth c
are:
off
ice
pra
ctic
e an
d p
roce
dur
es. 2
nd
ed
.N
ew Y
ork
: McG
raw
-Hill
, 20
00
. p. 1
11
1-6
.
c.D
escr
ibe
the
effe
cts
of
dis
ord
ers
such
as
ano
rexi
aan
d b
ulim
ia o
n t
he
ora
l cav
ity.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
1e
Bro
wn S
, Bo
nifa
zi D
Z. A
n o
verv
iew
of
ano
rexi
a an
d b
ulim
ia n
ervo
sa, a
nd
the
imp
act
of
eati
ng
dis
ord
ers
on t
he
ora
l cav
ity.
Co
mp
end
ium
. 19
93
Dec
;14
(12
):1
59
4,
15
96
-16
02
, 16
04
-8.
d.
Des
crib
e d
isp
arit
ies
in o
ral h
ealt
h a
mo
ng
und
erse
rved
po
pul
atio
ns.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral
2b
, 5c
Jones
WK
. Wo
men
livi
ng
long,
livi
ng
wel
l: co
mm
unit
y d
rive
n w
om
en's
hea
lth
pri
ori
ties
. J A
m M
ed W
om
ens
Ass
oc.
20
01
Sum
mer
;56
(3):
11
8-9
.
7.(i
) M
en
tal H
ealt
h -
Mo
od
Dis
ord
ers
: D
ep
ress
ion
an
d B
ipo
lar
Dis
ord
ers
(S
ee a
lso
Co
mp
. I.
B.1
8.
Men
tal H
ealt
h)
a.Li
st r
isk
fact
ors
fo
r d
epre
ssio
n in
wo
men
.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
1b
, 2b
Sp
inel
li M
G. A
nte
par
tum
and
po
stp
artu
m d
epre
ssio
n. J
Gen
d S
pec
if M
ed. 1
99
8 O
ct-N
ov;
1(2
):3
3-6
.
Hen
dri
ck V
, Alt
shul
er L
L, B
urt
VK
. Co
urse
of
psy
chia
tric
dis
ord
ers
acro
ss t
he
men
stru
al c
ycle
. Har
v R
ev P
sych
iatr
y. 1
99
6 N
ov-
Dec
;4(4
):2
00
-7.
Free
man
EW
, Sam
mel
MD
, Liu
L, G
raci
a C
R, N
elso
n D
B, H
olla
nd
er L
. Ho
rmo
nes
and
men
op
ausa
l sta
tus
as p
red
icto
rs o
f d
epre
ssio
n in
wo
men
in t
ransi
tio
n t
om
eno
pau
se. A
rch G
en P
sych
iatr
y. 2
00
4 Jan
;61
(1):
62
-70
.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
81
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Wo
men
’s H
ealt
h C
are
Co
mp
eten
cies
fo
r M
edic
al S
tud
ents
: Ta
kin
g S
tep
s to
In
clu
de
Sex
an
d G
end
er D
iffe
ren
ces
in t
he
Cu
rric
ulu
m
Co
mp
eten
cy:
VI.
Ass
ess
an
d c
ou
nse
l w
om
en
fo
r se
x- a
nd
gen
der-
ap
pro
pri
ate
red
uct
ion
of
risk
, in
clu
din
g lif
est
yle c
han
ges
an
d g
en
eti
c te
stin
g.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
7.(i
) M
en
tal H
ealt
h -
Mo
od
Dis
ord
ers
: D
ep
ress
ion
an
d B
ipo
lar
Dis
ord
ers
(S
ee a
lso
Co
mp
. I.
B.1
8.
Men
tal H
ealt
h)
b.
Ass
ess
for
ind
icat
ors
of
curr
ent
dep
ress
ed m
oo
d,
usin
g d
iagn
ost
ic c
rite
ria
such
as
DS
M-I
V.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
d, 1
e, 2
bB
rom
ber
ger
JT. A
psy
cho
soci
al u
nd
erst
and
ing
of
dep
ress
ion in
wo
men
: fo
r th
ep
rim
ary
care
phys
icia
n. J
Am
Med
Wo
men
s A
sso
c. 2
00
4 S
umm
er;5
9(3
):1
98
-20
6.
Bur
t V
K. W
om
en a
nd
dep
ress
ion: s
pec
ial c
onsi
der
atio
ns
in a
sses
smen
t an
dm
anag
emen
t. In: L
ewis
-Hal
l F, e
t al
. Psy
chia
tric
illn
ess
in w
om
en: e
mer
ging
trea
tmen
ts a
nd
res
earc
h. 1
st e
d. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Psy
chia
tric
Pub
., 2
00
2.
p. 1
01
-12
.
c.D
escr
ibe
reco
mm
end
ed m
anag
emen
t st
rate
gies
fo
rd
epre
ssio
n, i
ncl
udin
g p
har
mac
olo
gic
and
no
np
har
mac
olo
gic
stra
tegi
es.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, Es
say
1d
, 1e,
2b
Lars
on M
. Dep
ress
ion. I
n: J
ohnso
n B
E, e
t al
., ed
ito
rs. W
om
en's
hea
lth c
are
han
db
oo
k. 2
nd
ed
. Phila
del
phia
: Han
ley
& B
elfu
s, 2
00
0. p
. 38
1-9
.
McE
lro
y S
L. B
ipo
lar
dis
ord
ers:
sp
ecia
l dia
gno
stic
and
tre
atm
ent
consi
der
atio
ns
inw
om
en. C
NS
Sp
ectr
. 20
04
Aug
;9(8
Sup
pl 7
):5
-18
.
7.(i
i) M
en
tal H
ealt
h -
An
xiety
(S
ee a
lso
Co
mp
. I.
B.1
8.
Men
tal H
ealt
h)
a.Li
st t
he
typ
es a
nd
pre
senta
tio
ns
of
anxi
ety
dis
ord
ers
in w
om
en.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Pig
ott
TA
. Gen
der
diff
eren
ces
in t
he
epid
emio
logy
and
tre
atm
ent
of
anxi
ety
dis
ord
ers.
J C
lin P
sych
iatr
y. 1
99
9;6
0 S
upp
l 18
:4-1
5.
b.
Des
crib
e re
com
men
ded
man
agem
ent
stra
tegi
es f
or
anxi
ety
dis
ord
ers,
incl
udin
g p
har
mac
olo
gic
and
no
np
har
mac
olo
gic
inte
rven
tio
ns.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, Es
say
1d
, 1e,
2b
Hid
algo
RB
, Dav
idso
n JR
. Sel
ecti
ve s
ero
tonin
reu
pta
ke in
hib
ito
rs in
po
st-t
raum
atic
stre
ss d
iso
rder
. J P
sych
op
har
mac
ol.
20
00
Mar
;14
(1):
70
-6.
Wei
nst
ock
LS
. Gen
der
diff
eren
ces
in t
he
pre
senta
tio
n a
nd
man
agem
ent
of
soci
alan
xiet
y d
iso
rder
. J C
lin P
sych
iatr
y. 1
99
9;6
0 S
upp
l 9:9
-13
.
7.(i
ii)
Men
tal H
ealt
h -
Str
ess
Man
agem
en
t
a.D
emo
nst
rate
ho
w t
o e
ffec
tive
ly c
oun
sel w
om
enre
gard
ing
stre
ss m
anag
emen
t.S
ho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
e, 2
bA
vey
H, M
athen
y K
B, R
ob
bin
s A
, Jac
ob
son T
A. H
ealt
h c
are
pro
vid
ers'
tra
inin
g,p
erce
pti
ons,
and
pra
ctic
es r
egar
din
g st
ress
and
hea
lth o
utco
mes
. J N
atl M
ed A
sso
c.2
00
3 S
ep;9
5(9
):8
33
, 83
6-4
5.
Hub
bs
Ulm
an K
. Str
ess
man
agem
ent.
In: C
arls
on K
J, Ei
senst
at S
A, e
dit
ors
. Pri
mar
yca
re o
f w
om
en. 2
nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 6
58
-64
.
7.(i
v) M
en
tal H
ealt
h -
Eati
ng D
iso
rders
a.Li
st t
he
pre
vale
nce
of
eati
ng
dis
ord
ers
in w
om
enac
ross
the
life-
span
, and
des
crib
e th
eir
pre
senta
tio
nan
d c
om
plic
atio
ns.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Wal
sh B
T, K
lein
DA
. Eat
ing
dis
ord
ers.
Int
Rev
Psy
chia
try.
20
03
Aug
;15
(3):
20
5-1
6.
b.
List
fac
tors
that
diff
eren
tiat
e ea
ting
dis
ord
ers
fro
md
ieta
ry h
abit
s.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral
2b
Go
lden
, NH
. The
reco
gnit
ion a
nd
man
agem
ent
of
eati
ng
dis
ord
ers.
In: S
eltz
er V
L,P
ears
e W
H, e
dit
ors
. Wo
men
's p
rim
ary
hea
lth c
are:
off
ice
pra
ctic
e an
d p
roce
dur
es.
2nd
ed
. New
Yo
rk: M
cGra
w-H
ill, 2
00
0 p
. 63
3-4
7.
c.D
escr
ibe
reco
mm
end
ed m
anag
emen
t o
pti
ons
for
eati
ng
dis
ord
ers,
incl
udin
g p
har
mac
olo
gic
and
no
np
har
mac
olo
gic
stra
tegi
es.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, Es
say
1d
, 1e,
2b
Rig
ott
i NA
. Eat
ing
dis
ord
ers.
In: C
arls
on K
J, Ei
senst
at S
A, e
dit
ors
. Pri
mar
y ca
re o
fw
om
en. 2
nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 5
96
-60
2.
Mur
ray
JL. E
atin
g d
iso
rder
s. In: J
ohnso
n B
E, e
t al
., ed
ito
rs. W
om
en's
hea
lth c
are
han
db
oo
k. 2
nd
ed
. Phila
del
phia
: Han
ley
& B
elfu
s, 2
00
0. p
. 39
6-4
00
.
82
Co
mp
. V
I
Co
mp
eten
cy:
VI.
Ass
ess
an
d c
ou
nse
l w
om
en
fo
r se
x- a
nd
gen
der-
ap
pro
pri
ate
red
uct
ion
of
risk
, in
clu
din
g lif
est
yle c
han
ges
an
d g
en
eti
c te
stin
g.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
8.(i
) S
ub
stan
ce A
bu
se -
Illic
it d
rugs
a.D
emo
nst
rate
ho
w t
o a
sses
s th
e lik
elih
oo
d t
hat
aw
om
an is
usi
ng
illic
it d
rugs
usi
ng
stan
dar
d s
cree
nin
gm
etho
ds
that
hav
e b
een t
este
d in
wo
men
.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
b, 2
bLi
ese
BS
. Illi
cit
dru
g us
e. In: J
ohnso
n B
E, e
t al
., ed
ito
rs. W
om
en's
hea
lth c
are
han
db
oo
k. 2
nd
ed
. Phila
del
phia
: Han
ley
& B
elfu
s, 2
00
0. p
. 41
8-2
5.
b.
Des
crib
e tr
eatm
ent
op
tio
ns
for
sub
stan
ce a
bus
eth
at h
ave
bee
n s
ho
wn t
o b
e ef
fect
ive
in w
om
en.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
1d
, 1f,
2b
Lies
e B
S. I
llici
t d
rug
use.
In: J
ohnso
n B
E, e
t al
., ed
ito
rs. W
om
en's
hea
lth c
are
han
db
oo
k. 2
nd
ed
. Phila
del
phia
: Han
ley
& B
elfu
s, 2
00
0. p
. 41
8-2
5.
c.D
escr
ibe
the
pre
nat
al a
nd
per
inat
al e
ffec
ts o
f ill
icit
dru
gs o
n t
he
mo
ther
and
infa
nt.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Lieb
erm
an L
D. O
verv
iew
of
sub
stan
ce a
bus
e p
reve
nti
on a
nd
tre
atm
ent
app
roac
hes
in u
rban
, mul
ticu
ltur
al s
etti
ngs
: the
Cen
ter
for
Sub
stan
ce A
bus
e P
reve
nti
on
pro
gram
s fo
r p
regn
ant
and
po
stp
artu
m w
om
en a
nd
thei
r in
fants
. Wo
men
s H
ealt
hIs
sues
. 19
98
Jul
-Aug
;8(4
):2
08
-17
.
Bis
hai
R, K
ore
n G
. Mat
ernal
and
ob
stet
ric
effe
cts
of
pre
nat
al d
rug
exp
osu
re. C
linP
erin
ato
l. 1
99
9 M
ar;2
6(1
):7
5-8
6
8.(i
i) S
ub
stan
ce A
bu
se -
Mis
use
of
Legal M
ed
icati
on
s
a.Id
enti
fy r
isk
fact
ors
fo
r m
isus
e o
f p
resc
rip
tio
n d
rugs
and
oth
er le
gal m
edic
atio
ns.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Sim
oni-
Was
tila
L, R
itte
r G
, Str
ickl
er G
. Gen
der
and
oth
er f
acto
rs a
sso
ciat
ed w
ith t
he
no
nm
edic
al u
se o
f ab
usab
le p
resc
rip
tio
n d
rugs
. Sub
st U
se M
isus
e. 2
00
4Ja
n;3
9(1
):1
-23
.
Daa
lem
an T
P. W
om
en a
nd
pre
scri
pti
on d
rug
abus
e. In: J
ohnso
n B
E, e
t al
., ed
ito
rs.
Wo
men
's h
ealt
h c
are
han
db
oo
k. 2
nd
ed
. Phila
del
phia
: Han
ley
& B
elfu
s, 2
00
0. p
.4
06
-10
b.
Des
crib
e p
reve
nti
on s
trat
egie
s an
d t
reat
men
to
pti
ons
for
pre
scri
pti
on d
rug
abus
e.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
1e,
1g,
2b
Daa
lem
an T
P. W
om
en a
nd
pre
scri
pti
on d
rug
abus
e. In: J
ohnso
n B
E, e
t al
., ed
ito
rs.
Wo
men
's h
ealt
h c
are
han
db
oo
k. 2
nd
ed
. Phila
del
phia
: Han
ley
& B
elfu
s, 2
00
0. p
.4
06
-10
.
8.(i
ii)
Su
bst
an
ce A
bu
se -
To
bacc
o (
See a
lso
Co
mp
. I.
B.1
8.
Men
tal H
ealt
h)
a.Li
st f
acto
rs t
hat
mak
e it
mo
re d
iffic
ult
for
wo
men
to
qui
t sm
oki
ng
than
men
and
list
res
our
ces
to h
elp
wo
men
qui
t.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
To
bac
co Info
rmat
ion a
nd
Pre
venti
on S
our
ce; N
atio
nal
Cen
ter
for
Chro
nic
Dis
ease
Pre
venti
on a
nd
Hea
lth P
rom
oti
on. W
om
en a
nd
Sm
oki
ng:
A R
epo
rt o
f th
e S
urge
on
Gen
eral
- 2
00
1. A
tlan
ta: C
ente
rs f
or
Dis
ease
Co
ntr
ol a
nd
Pre
venti
on, 2
00
1 [
cite
d2
00
4 O
ct 1
8].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
: ww
w.c
dc.
gov/
tob
acco
/sgr
/sgr
_fo
rwo
men
/ind
ex.h
tm.
b.
List
the
kno
wn a
dve
rse
effe
cts
of
tob
acco
use
by
wo
men
and
gir
ls.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Rig
ott
i NA
. To
bac
co u
se. I
n: C
arls
on K
J, Ei
senst
at S
A, e
dit
ors
. Pri
mar
y ca
re o
fw
om
en. 2
nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 6
40
-7.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
83
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Co
mp
eten
cy:
VI.
Ass
ess
an
d c
ou
nse
l w
om
en
fo
r se
x- a
nd
gen
der-
ap
pro
pri
ate
red
uct
ion
of
risk
, in
clu
din
g lif
est
yle c
han
ges
an
d g
en
eti
c te
stin
g.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
8.(i
ii)
Su
bst
an
ce A
bu
se -
To
bacc
o (
See a
lso
Co
mp
. I.
B.1
8.
Men
tal H
ealt
h)
c.D
escr
ibe
the
fact
ors
pre
dic
tive
of
succ
essf
ulsm
oki
ng
cess
atio
n d
urin
g p
regn
ancy
and
at
oth
erti
mes
in t
he
life-
span
.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
, 5c
The
Nat
ional
Par
tner
ship
to
Hel
p P
regn
ant
Sm
oke
rs Q
uit
[ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. C
hap
el H
ill, N
C: T
he
Nat
ional
Par
tner
ship
to
Hel
p P
regn
ant
Sm
oke
rs Q
uit
[cit
ed 2
00
4 O
ct 1
8].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
: htt
p:/
/hel
pp
regn
ants
mo
kers
qui
t.o
rg.
Ersh
off
D, A
shfo
rd T
H, G
old
enb
erg
R. H
elp
ing
pre
gnan
t w
om
en q
uit
smo
king:
an
ove
rvie
w. N
ico
tine
To
b R
es. 2
00
4 A
pr;
6 S
upp
l 2:S
10
1-5
.
U.S
. Dep
artm
ent
of
Hea
lth a
nd
Hum
an S
ervi
ces,
Off
ice
of
the
Sur
geo
n G
ener
al.
Tre
atin
g T
ob
acco
Use
and
Dep
end
ence
. A H
ow
-To
Gui
de
For
Imp
lem
enti
ng
the
Pub
lic H
ealt
h S
ervi
ce C
linic
al P
ract
ice
Gui
del
ine
(Clin
icia
ns
Pac
ket)
[gu
idel
ine
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: U
.S. D
epar
tmen
t o
f H
ealt
h a
nd
Hum
an S
ervi
ces,
Jun
20
00
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
18
]. A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.s
urge
onge
ner
al.g
ov/
tob
acco
/.
8.(i
v) S
ub
stan
ce A
bu
se -
Alc
oh
ol (S
ee a
lso
Co
mp
. I.
B.1
8.
Men
tal H
ealt
h)
a.D
escr
ibe
sex
and
gen
der
diff
eren
ces
in t
he
epid
emio
logy
and
pre
senta
tio
n o
f al
coho
l ab
use.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
1b
, 2b
Cyr
MG
, McG
arry
KA
. Alc
oho
l ab
use.
In: C
arls
on K
J, Ei
senst
at S
A, e
dit
ors
. Pri
mar
yca
re o
f w
om
en. 2
nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 6
48
-53
.
b.
Dem
onst
rate
ho
w t
o u
se s
cree
nin
g q
uest
ions
(CA
GE
and
CA
GE
wit
h a
dd
ed q
uest
ions
for
wo
men
)ef
fect
ivel
y in
ass
essi
ng
alco
ho
l ab
use
in w
om
en.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
e, 2
bC
yr M
G, M
cGar
ry K
A. A
lco
ho
l use
dis
ord
ers
in w
om
en. S
cree
nin
g m
etho
ds
and
app
roac
hes
to
tre
atm
ent.
Po
stgr
ad M
ed. 2
00
2 D
ec;1
12
(6):
31
-2, 3
9-4
0, 4
3-7
.
c.Li
st t
he
kno
wn c
onse
que
nce
s o
f al
coho
l ab
use
dur
ing
the
rep
rod
ucti
ve y
ears
.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
, 5c
Cyr
MG
, McG
arry
KA
. Alc
oho
l ab
use.
In: C
arls
on K
J, Ei
senst
at S
A, e
dit
ors
. Pri
mar
yca
re o
f w
om
en. 2
nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 6
48
-53
.
Blu
me
SB
, Rus
sell
M. A
lco
ho
l and
sub
stan
ce a
bus
e in
ob
stet
rics
and
gyn
eco
logy
pra
ctic
e. In: S
totl
and
NL,
Ste
war
t D
E, e
dit
ors
. Psy
cho
logi
cal a
spec
ts o
f w
om
en's
hea
lth c
are:
the
inte
rfac
e b
etw
een p
sych
iatr
y an
d o
bst
etri
cs a
nd
gyn
eco
logy
. 2nd
ed. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Psy
chia
tric
Pre
ss, 2
00
1. p
. 42
1-4
1.
d.
Des
crib
e th
e im
pac
t o
f al
coho
l and
oth
er s
ubst
ance
abus
e in
wo
men
wit
h c
hild
ren o
n b
ehav
iors
,in
clud
ing
child
neg
lect
, child
ab
use,
child
aban
do
nm
ent,
sex
ual p
rom
iscu
ity,
pro
stit
utio
n, a
nd
crim
inal
act
ivit
y.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
Essa
y2
bR
edgr
ave
GW
, Sw
artz
KL,
Ro
man
osk
i AJ.
Alc
oho
l mis
use
by
wo
men
. Int
Rev
Psy
chia
try.
20
03
Aug
;15
(3):
25
6-6
8.
8.(v
) S
ub
stan
ce A
bu
se -
Oth
er
Ad
dic
tio
ns
a.D
escr
ibe
sex
and
gen
der
diff
eren
ces
in t
he
pre
vale
nce
and
pre
senta
tio
n o
f o
ther
ad
dic
tio
ns,
such
as
com
pul
sive
gam
blin
g an
d c
om
pul
sive
sex
ual
beh
avio
r.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
Ohts
uka
K, B
ruto
n E
, DeL
uca
L, B
org
V. S
ex d
iffer
ence
s in
pat
ho
logi
cal g
amb
ling
usin
g ga
min
g m
achin
es. P
sych
ol R
ep. 1
99
7 Jun
;80
(3 P
t 1
):1
05
1-7
.
Tav
ares
H, Z
ilber
man
ML,
Bei
tes
FJ, G
enti
l V. G
end
er d
iffer
ence
s in
gam
blin
gp
rogr
essi
on. J
Gam
bl S
tud
. 20
01
Sum
mer
;17
(2):
15
1-9
.
84
Co
mp
. V
I
Co
mp
eten
cy:
VI.
Ass
ess
an
d c
ou
nse
l w
om
en
fo
r se
x- a
nd
gen
der-
ap
pro
pri
ate
red
uct
ion
of
risk
, in
clu
din
g lif
est
yle c
han
ges
an
d g
en
eti
c te
stin
g.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
9.Im
mu
niz
ati
on
a.D
escr
ibe
an im
mun
izat
ion s
trat
egy
that
isap
pro
pri
ate
for
all w
om
en, i
ncl
udin
g ad
ole
scen
ts,
eld
ers,
pre
gnan
t w
om
en, a
nd
rec
ent
imm
igra
nts
.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral
1g,
2b
CD
C N
atio
nal
Im
mun
izat
ion P
rogr
am. A
dul
t Im
mun
izat
ion S
ched
ule
[rec
om
men
dat
ions
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
tlan
ta: C
ente
rs f
or
Dis
ease
Co
ntr
ol a
nd
Pre
venti
on, O
ct 2
00
3 [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct 1
8].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
:htt
p:/
/ww
w.c
dc.
gov/
nip
/rec
s/ad
ult-
sched
ule.
htm
.
Ass
oci
atio
n o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
. AP
GO
Ed
ucat
ional
Ser
ies
on W
om
en's
Hea
lth Iss
ues.
Im
mun
izat
ion f
or
wo
men
's h
ealt
h. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C:
Ass
oci
atio
n o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
, 19
99
.
b.
Des
crib
e b
arri
ers
to a
chie
ving
reco
mm
end
edim
mun
izat
ion r
ates
and
pro
po
se a
pla
n t
o in
crea
seut
iliza
tio
n in
vul
ner
able
po
pul
atio
ns.
Kno
ws
Ho
wO
ral,
Essa
y2
b, 5
cC
DC
Nat
ional
Im
mun
izat
ion P
rogr
am. R
acia
l & E
thnic
Ad
ult
Dis
par
itie
s in
Imm
uniz
atio
n Init
iati
ve (
REA
DII)
[ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
tlan
ta: C
ente
rs f
or
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ease
Co
ntr
ol a
nd
Pre
venti
on [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct 1
8].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
:htt
p:/
/ww
w.c
dc.
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nip
/sp
ecin
t/re
adii/
.
10
.Exe
rcis
e
a.A
sses
s p
hys
ical
act
ivit
y le
vel,
incl
udin
g b
oth
wo
rkp
lace
and
ho
me
acti
viti
es, a
nd
rec
om
men
dm
od
ifica
tio
ns
that
em
phas
ize
card
iova
scul
ar a
nd
bo
ne
hea
lth.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
d, 5
cP
hys
ical
act
ivit
y an
d c
ard
iova
scul
ar h
ealt
h. N
IH C
onse
nsu
s D
evel
op
men
t P
anel
on
Phys
ical
Act
ivit
y an
d C
ard
iova
scul
ar H
ealt
h. J
AM
A. 1
99
6 Jul
17
;27
6(3
):2
41
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b.
Des
crib
e b
arri
ers
to a
chie
ving
phys
ical
act
ivit
y go
als
and
pro
po
se s
olu
tio
ns
that
are
sen
siti
ve t
oec
ono
mic
and
saf
ety
consi
der
atio
ns.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E2
bJo
hnso
n B
E. E
xerc
ise.
In: J
ohnso
n B
E, e
t al
., ed
ito
rs. W
om
en's
hea
lth c
are
han
db
oo
k.2
nd
ed
. Phila
del
phia
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ley
& B
elfu
s, 2
00
0. p
. 36
-47
.
11
.Nu
trit
ion
a.A
sses
s w
het
her
wo
men
are
ob
tain
ing
the
reco
mm
end
ed d
aily
allo
wan
ces
of
esse
nti
alnut
rien
ts.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
b, 2
bH
amilt
on M
A, N
onas
C. N
utri
tio
n a
nd
mai
nta
inin
g a
hea
lthy
wei
ght.
In: S
eltz
er V
L,P
ears
e W
H, e
dit
ors
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men
's p
rim
ary
hea
lth c
are:
off
ice
pra
ctic
e an
d p
roce
dur
es.
2nd
ed
. New
Yo
rk: M
cGra
w-H
ill, 2
00
0. p
. 83
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U.S
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artm
ent
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icul
ture
Eco
no
mic
Res
earc
h S
ervi
ce. D
iet
and
Hea
lth: F
oo
dC
onsu
mp
tio
n a
nd
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rien
t In
take
Tab
les
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ort
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C:
U.S
. Dep
artm
ent
of
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icul
ture
, Jun
20
03
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
18
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vaila
ble
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m:
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rs.u
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efin
g/d
ieta
nd
hea
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ata/
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b.
Ad
vise
wo
men
on t
he
po
tenti
al h
ealt
h p
rote
ctiv
eef
fect
s o
f d
ieta
ry c
om
po
nen
ts li
ke c
alci
um a
nd
fib
er.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
g, 2
bH
ow
ard
L, M
alo
ne
M. N
utri
tio
n a
nd
wo
men
's h
ealt
h. I
n: W
allis
LA
, Kas
per
A, e
dit
ors
.T
extb
oo
k o
f w
om
en's
hea
lth. P
hila
del
phia
: Lip
pin
cott
-Rav
en, 1
99
8. p
. 21
3-2
4.
c.C
oun
sel w
om
en o
n t
he
risk
s to
em
oti
onal
,re
pro
duc
tive
, and
phys
ical
hea
lth o
f se
vere
nut
riti
onal
imb
alan
ce a
sso
ciat
ed w
ith e
atin
gd
iso
rder
s an
d/o
r ex
cess
ive
exer
cise
.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
e, 2
bZ
erb
e K
. Eat
ing
dis
ord
ers.
In: W
allis
LA
, Kas
per
A, e
dit
ors
. Tex
tbo
ok
of
wo
men
'shea
lth. P
hila
del
phia
: Lip
pin
cott
-Rav
en, 1
99
8. p
. 83
9-4
8.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
85
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Co
mp
eten
cy:
VI.
Ass
ess
an
d c
ou
nse
l w
om
en
fo
r se
x- a
nd
gen
der-
ap
pro
pri
ate
red
uct
ion
of
risk
, in
clu
din
g lif
est
yle c
han
ges
an
d g
en
eti
c te
stin
g.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
12
.Pre
con
cep
tio
n a
nd
Pre
nata
l S
creen
ing
a.Id
enti
fy p
regn
ancy
ris
ks t
hro
ugh a
sses
smen
t o
fre
pro
duc
tive
, fam
ily, a
nd
med
ical
his
tory
, nut
riti
onal
stat
us, d
rug
and
to
bac
co e
xpo
sure
, and
ris
k o
fd
om
esti
c vi
ole
nce
and
pro
vid
e p
erti
nen
t co
unse
ling
bas
ed u
po
n t
his
ris
k as
sess
men
t.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
e, 2
b, 5
cJo
hnso
n D
D, R
esnik
R. P
lannin
g fo
r p
regn
ancy
. In: S
eltz
er V
L, P
ears
e W
H, e
dit
ors
.W
om
en's
pri
mar
y hea
lth c
are:
off
ice
pra
ctic
e an
d p
roce
dur
es. 2
nd
ed
. New
Yo
rk:
McG
raw
-Hill
, 20
00
. p. 2
61
-9.
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
etri
cian
s an
d G
ynec
olo
gist
s. A
CO
G T
echnic
al B
ulle
tin
Num
ber
20
5. P
reco
nce
pti
onal
car
e. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts,
May
19
95
.
b.
Des
crib
e th
e ef
fect
s o
f p
regn
ancy
up
on e
xist
ing
med
ical
co
nd
itio
ns
and
vic
e ve
rsa.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
1e,
2b
Lars
en JW
, Bat
hga
te S
L, F
rees
e, L
M. P
reco
nce
pti
on c
oun
selin
g. In: S
eltz
er V
L, P
ears
eW
H, e
dit
ors
. Wo
men
's p
rim
ary
hea
lth c
are:
off
ice
pra
ctic
e an
d p
roce
dur
es. 2
nd
ed
.N
ew Y
ork
: McG
raw
-Hill
, 20
00
. p. 6
3-8
.
Cun
nin
gham
FG
, Will
iam
s JW
. Med
ical
and
sur
gica
l co
mp
licat
ions
in p
regn
ancy
. In:
Cun
nin
gham
FG
, et
al. W
illia
ms
ob
stet
rics
. 21
st e
d. N
ew Y
ork
: McG
raw
-Hill
, 20
01
.p
. 11
41
-51
4.
c.D
iscu
ss g
enet
ic c
once
rns
and
ref
er f
or
pre
conce
pti
on c
oun
selin
g if
app
rop
riat
e.S
ho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
e, 2
bLa
rsen
JW
, Bat
hga
te S
L, F
rees
e, L
M. P
reco
nce
pti
on c
oun
selin
g. In: S
eltz
er V
L, P
ears
eW
H, e
dit
ors
. Wo
men
's p
rim
ary
hea
lth c
are:
off
ice
pra
ctic
e an
d p
roce
dur
es. 2
nd
ed
.N
ew Y
ork
: McG
raw
-Hill
, 20
00
. p. 6
3-8
.
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
etri
cian
s an
d G
ynec
olo
gist
s. A
CO
G P
ract
ice
Bul
leti
nN
umb
er 2
7. P
renat
al d
iagn
osi
s o
f fe
tal c
hro
mo
som
al a
bno
rmal
itie
s. W
ashin
gto
n,
DC
: Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
etri
cian
s an
d G
ynec
olo
gist
s, M
ay 2
00
1.
d.
Dis
cuss
scr
eenin
g fo
r fe
tal m
alfo
rmat
ion a
nd
rev
iew
met
ho
ds
of
pre
venti
on.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
e, 1
g, 2
bM
easl
es, m
ump
s, a
nd
rub
ella
: vac
cine
use
and
str
ateg
ies
for
elim
inat
ion o
f m
easl
es,
rub
ella
, and
co
nge
nit
al r
ubel
la s
ynd
rom
e an
d c
ontr
ol o
f m
ump
s. R
eco
mm
end
atio
ns
of
the
Ad
viso
ry C
om
mit
tee
on Im
mun
izat
ion P
ract
ices
. Mo
rb M
ort
al W
kly
Rep
., M
ay1
99
8.
Johnso
n D
D, R
esnik
R. P
lannin
g fo
r p
regn
ancy
. In: S
eltz
er V
L, P
ears
e W
H, e
dit
ors
.W
om
en's
pri
mar
y hea
lth c
are:
off
ice
pra
ctic
e an
d p
roce
dur
es. 2
nd
ed
. McG
raw
-Hill
,2
00
0. p
. 26
1-9
.
e.D
emo
nst
rate
ho
w t
o p
rovi
de
cult
ural
ly-a
pp
rop
riat
ep
renat
al n
utri
tio
nal
co
unse
ling.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
e, 2
bEi
senst
at S
A. P
reco
nce
pti
on c
oun
selin
g an
d n
utri
tio
n. I
n: C
arls
on K
J, Ei
senst
at S
A,
edit
ors
. Pri
mar
y ca
re o
f w
om
en. 2
nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
. p. 4
59
-70
.
f.D
iscu
ss t
he
imp
ort
ance
of
earl
y an
d r
egul
ar p
renat
alca
re (
See
als
o C
om
p. I
.C.7
. No
rmal
Pre
gnan
cy a
nd
Bir
th.)
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
g, 2
bA
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts.
AC
OG
Tec
hnic
al B
ulle
tin
Num
ber
20
5. P
reco
nce
pti
onal
car
e. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts,
May
19
95
.
86
Co
mp
. V
I
Co
mp
eten
cy:
VI.
Ass
ess
an
d c
ou
nse
l w
om
en
fo
r se
x- a
nd
gen
der-
ap
pro
pri
ate
red
uct
ion
of
risk
, in
clu
din
g lif
est
yle c
han
ges
an
d g
en
eti
c te
stin
g.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
12
.P
reco
nce
pti
on
an
d P
ren
ata
l S
creen
ing
g.P
rovi
de
coun
selin
g re
gard
ing
the
ben
efit
s o
f b
reas
t-fe
edin
g.S
ho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
e, 2
bLa
Lec
he
Leag
ue [
ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. S
hau
mb
urg,
IL:
La
Lech
e Le
ague
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
18
]. A
vaila
ble
fro
m: h
ttp
://w
ww
.lale
chel
eagu
e.o
rg/.
Mel
nik
ow
J. L
acta
tio
n. I
n: R
ose
nfe
ld JA
, ed
ito
r. W
om
en's
hea
lth in
pri
mar
y ca
re. 1
sted
. Bal
tim
ore
: Will
iam
s &
Wilk
ins,
19
97
. p. 6
61
-75
.
Res
sel G
. AA
P u
pd
ates
sta
tem
ent
for
tran
sfer
of
dru
gs a
nd
oth
er c
hem
ical
s in
tob
reas
t m
ilk. A
mer
ican
Aca
dem
y o
f P
edia
tric
s. A
m F
am P
hys
icia
n. 2
00
2 M
ar1
;65
(5):
97
9-8
0.
U.S
. Dep
artm
ent
of
Hea
lth a
nd
Hum
an S
ervi
ces,
Off
ice
on W
om
en's
Hea
lth. B
enef
its
of
bre
astf
eed
ing.
Nut
r C
lin C
are.
20
03
Oct
-Dec
;6(3
):1
25
-31
.
13
.H
igh
-Ris
k S
exu
al B
eh
avi
or
an
d S
exu
ally
Tra
nsm
itte
d D
isease
s (S
ee a
lso
Co
mp
. I.
B.1
5.
Sexu
ally
Tra
nsm
itte
d D
isease
s)
a.D
emo
nst
rate
ho
w t
o t
ake
a co
mp
rehen
sive
sex
ual
his
tory
fro
m a
fem
ale
pat
ient,
incl
udin
g as
sess
men
to
f se
xual
iden
tity
, sex
ual o
rien
tati
on, c
ho
ice
of
sexu
al p
artn
ers,
use
of
met
ho
ds
to p
reve
nt
unin
tend
ed p
regn
ancy
and
sex
ually
tra
nsm
itte
din
fect
ions,
and
sex
ual s
atis
fact
ion.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
b, 5
cA
nd
rew
s W
C. A
pp
roac
hes
to
tak
ing
a se
xual
his
tory
. J W
om
ens
Hea
lth G
end
Bas
edM
ed. 2
00
0;9
Sup
pl 1
:S2
1-4
.
Po
tter
, JE.
Do
ask
, do
tel
l. A
nn Inte
rn M
ed. 2
00
2 S
ep 3
;13
7(5
Par
t 1
):3
41
-3.
Ass
oci
atio
n o
f R
epro
duc
tive
Hea
lth P
rofe
ssio
nal
s. M
atur
e S
exua
lity
Clin
ical
Pro
ceed
ings
. Fem
ale
sexu
al d
ysfu
nct
ion. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: A
sso
ciat
ion o
fR
epro
duc
tive
Hea
lth P
rofe
ssio
nal
s, A
pr
20
02
.
The
Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n (
AM
WA
) R
epro
duc
tive
Hea
lth Init
iati
ve.
RH
I M
od
el C
urri
culu
m, 2
nd
ed
. Mo
dul
e 2
(P
sych
oso
cial
Fac
tors
- S
exua
l Fun
ctio
n,
Sex
ual O
rien
tati
on a
nd
Gen
der
Id
enti
ty);
Mo
dul
e 3
(C
om
mun
icat
ion)
[mo
dul
es o
nth
e In
tern
et].
Ale
xand
ria,
VA
: Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n, 2
00
4.
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
: htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
mw
a-d
oc.
org
/RH
I.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
87
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Co
mp
eten
cy:
VI.
Ass
ess
an
d c
ou
nse
l w
om
en
fo
r se
x- a
nd
gen
der-
ap
pro
pri
ate
red
uct
ion
of
risk
, in
clu
din
g lif
est
yle c
han
ges
an
d g
en
eti
c te
stin
g.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
13
.Hig
h-R
isk
Sexu
al B
eh
avi
or
an
d S
exu
ally
Tra
nsm
itte
d D
isease
s (S
ee a
lso
Co
mp
. I.
B.1
5.
Sexu
ally
Tra
nsm
itte
d D
isease
s)
b.
Des
crib
e th
e co
mp
lex
inte
rpla
y o
f ed
ucat
ion,
gend
er, r
ace,
and
so
cio
eco
no
mic
sta
tus
as t
hey
rela
te t
o e
ach o
ther
and
to
the
risk
fac
tors
fo
rse
xual
ly t
ransm
itte
d d
isea
ses.
Kno
ws
Ora
l, Es
say
5c
U.S
. Dep
artm
ent
of
Hea
lth a
nd
Hum
an S
ervi
ces,
Off
ice
of
Dis
ease
Pre
venti
on a
nd
Hea
lth P
rom
oti
on; C
ente
rs f
or
Dis
ease
Co
ntr
ol a
nd
Pre
venti
on. H
ealt
hy
Peo
ple
20
10
S
exua
lly T
ransm
itte
d D
isea
ses
[rep
ort
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. W
ashin
gto
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venti
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nd
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ct 1
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Ava
ilab
le f
rom
:htt
p:/
/ww
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ealt
h.g
ov/
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lthyp
eop
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ocu
men
t/htm
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htm
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itut
e o
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edic
ine
(U.S
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om
mit
tee
on P
reve
nti
on a
nd
Co
ntr
ol o
f S
exua
llyT
ransm
itte
d D
isea
ses.
The
hid
den
ep
idem
ic: c
onfr
onti
ng
sexu
ally
tra
nsm
itte
dd
isea
ses.
Eng
TR
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ler
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ashin
gto
n, D
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eric
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edic
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om
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atio
n (
AM
WA
) R
epro
duc
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Hea
lth Init
iati
ve.
RH
I M
od
el C
urri
culu
m, 2
nd
ed
. Mo
dul
e 2
(P
sych
oso
cial
Fac
tors
-
Rac
e/Et
hnic
ity
and
Hea
lth D
isp
arit
ies
Ove
rvie
w, G
end
er Iss
ues
and
Hea
lth C
are)
; Mo
dul
e 4
(Sex
ually
Tra
nsm
itte
d D
isea
ses)
[m
od
ules
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he
Inte
rnet
]. A
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nd
ria,
VA
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ican
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ical
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sso
ciat
ion, 2
00
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ble
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wa-
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c.o
rg/R
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ntr
ace
pti
ve P
ract
ices,
Fam
ily
Pla
nn
ing,
an
d U
nin
ten
ded
Pre
gn
an
cy
a.Li
st t
he
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ctiv
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s o
f va
rio
us a
vaila
ble
fo
rms
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acep
tio
n.
Kno
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sso
rs o
f G
ynec
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Ob
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GO
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ucat
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ies
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om
en's
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acep
tio
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ashin
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n, D
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han
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rmo
nal
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acep
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teri
ne
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acep
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t 1
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russ
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war
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rden
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01
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; 18
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The
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eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n (
AM
WA
) R
epro
duc
tive
Hea
lth Init
iati
ve.
RH
I M
od
el C
urri
culu
m, 2
nd
ed
. Mo
dul
e 6
(C
ontr
acep
tio
n)
[mo
dul
e o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
lexa
nd
ria,
VA
: Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n, 2
00
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vaila
ble
fro
m: h
ttp
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ww
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wa-
do
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rg/R
HI.
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Co
mp
. V
I
Co
mp
eten
cy:
VI.
Ass
ess
an
d c
ou
nse
l w
om
en
fo
r se
x- a
nd
gen
der-
ap
pro
pri
ate
red
uct
ion
of
risk
, in
clu
din
g lif
est
yle c
han
ges
an
d g
en
eti
c te
stin
g.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
14
.Co
ntr
ace
pti
ve P
ract
ices,
Fam
ily
Pla
nn
ing,
an
d U
nin
ten
ded
Pre
gn
an
cy
b.
Ass
ess
the
mo
st a
pp
rop
riat
e m
etho
d o
fco
ntr
acep
tio
n f
or
diff
eren
t p
atie
nt
po
pul
atio
ns.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l, K
F1
d, 5
cG
reyd
anus
DE,
Pat
el D
R, R
imsz
a M
E. C
ontr
acep
tio
n in
the
ado
lesc
ent:
an u
pd
ate.
Ped
iatr
ics.
20
01
Mar
;10
7(3
):5
62
-73
.
Kau
nit
z A
M. O
ral c
ontr
acep
tive
use
in p
erim
eno
pau
se. A
m J O
bst
et G
ynec
ol.
20
01
Aug
; 18
5(2
):3
2-7
.
Ass
oci
atio
n o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
. AP
GO
Ed
ucat
ional
Ser
ies
on W
om
en's
Hea
lth Iss
ues.
Co
ntr
acep
tio
n. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: A
sso
ciat
ion o
fP
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
, 19
99
.
The
Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n (
AM
WA
) R
epro
duc
tive
Hea
lth Init
iati
ve.
RH
I M
od
el C
urri
culu
m, 2
nd
ed
. Mo
dul
e 6
(C
ontr
acep
tio
n)
[mo
dul
e o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
lexa
nd
ria,
VA
: Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n, 2
00
4. A
vaila
ble
fro
m: h
ttp
://w
ww
.am
wa-
do
c.o
rg/R
HI.
c.D
iscu
ss t
he
bar
rier
s to
eff
ecti
ve c
ontr
acep
tive
use
amo
ng
ado
lesc
ents
.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2b
, 6b
Felic
e M
E, F
einst
ein R
A, F
isher
M, K
apla
n D
W, O
lmed
o L
F, R
om
e ES
, et
al. A
mer
ican
Aca
dem
y o
f P
edia
tric
s. C
om
mit
tee
on A
do
lesc
ence
. Co
ntr
acep
tio
n in
ad
ole
scen
ts.
Ped
iatr
ics.
19
99
No
v;1
04
(5 P
t 1
):1
16
1-6
.
Lieb
erm
an D
, Fei
erm
an J. L
egal
issu
es in
the
rep
rod
ucti
ve h
ealt
h c
are
of
ado
lesc
ents
.J A
m M
ed W
om
ens
Ass
oc.
19
99
Sum
mer
;54
(3):
10
9-1
4.
Cla
rk L
R.
Will
the
pill
mak
e m
e st
erile
? A
dd
ress
ing
rep
rod
ucti
ve h
ealt
h c
once
rns
and
stra
tegi
es t
o im
pro
ve a
dher
ence
to
ho
rmo
nal
co
ntr
acep
tive
reg
imen
s in
ad
ole
scen
tgi
rls.
J P
edia
tr A
do
lesc
Gyn
eco
l. 2
00
1 N
ov;
14
(4):
15
3-6
2.
Red
dy
DM
, Fle
min
g R
, Sw
ain C
. Eff
ect
of
man
dat
ory
par
enta
l no
tific
atio
n o
nad
ole
scen
t gi
rls'
use
of
sexu
al h
ealt
h c
are
serv
ices
. JA
MA
. 20
02
Aug
14
;28
8(6
):7
10
-4.
The
Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n (
AM
WA
) R
epro
duc
tive
Hea
lth Init
iati
ve.
RH
I M
od
el C
urri
culu
m, 2
nd
ed
. Mo
dul
e 2
(P
sych
oso
cial
Fac
tors
- A
do
lesc
ents
);M
od
ule
6 (
Co
ntr
acep
tio
n)
[mo
dul
es o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
lexa
nd
ria,
VA
: Am
eric
anM
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n. 2
00
4. A
vaila
ble
fro
m: h
ttp
://w
ww
.am
wa-
do
c.o
rg/R
HI.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
89
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Co
mp
eten
cy:
VI.
Ass
ess
an
d c
ou
nse
l w
om
en
fo
r se
x- a
nd
gen
der-
ap
pro
pri
ate
red
uct
ion
of
risk
, in
clu
din
g lif
est
yle c
han
ges
an
d g
en
eti
c te
stin
g.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
14
.Co
ntr
ace
pti
ve P
ract
ices,
Fam
ily
Pla
nn
ing,
an
d U
nin
ten
ded
Pre
gn
an
cy
d.
Dis
cuss
eff
ecti
ve s
trat
egie
s fo
r p
reve
nti
ng
teen
age
pre
gnan
cy.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
1g,
5c,
6b
Felic
e M
E, F
einst
ein R
A, F
isher
MM
, Kap
lan D
W, O
lmed
o L
F, R
om
e ES
, et
al.
Ad
ole
scen
t p
regn
ancy
--cu
rren
t tr
end
s an
d is
sues
: 19
98
Am
eric
an A
cad
emy
of
Ped
iatr
ics
Co
mm
itte
e o
n A
do
lesc
ence
, 19
98
-19
99
. Ped
iatr
ics.
19
99
Feb
;10
3(2
):5
16
-20
.
Bac
on JL.
Ad
ole
scen
t se
xual
ity
and
tee
n p
regn
ancy
pre
venti
on. T
he
Nat
ional
Co
mm
issi
on o
n A
do
lesc
ent
Sex
ual H
ealt
h. J
Ped
iatr
Ad
ole
sc G
ynec
ol.
19
99
No
v;1
2(4
):1
85
-93
.
The
Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n (
AM
WA
) R
epro
duc
tive
Hea
lth Init
iati
ve.
RH
I M
od
el C
urri
culu
m, 2
nd
ed
. Mo
dul
e 2
(P
sych
oso
cial
Fac
tors
- A
do
lesc
ents
);M
od
ule
6 (
Co
ntr
acep
tio
n)
[mo
dul
es o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
lexa
nd
ria,
VA
: Am
eric
anM
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n, 2
00
4. A
vaila
ble
fro
m: h
ttp
://w
ww
.am
wa-
do
c.o
rg/R
HI.
Nat
ional
Cam
pai
gn t
o P
reve
nt
Tee
nag
e P
regn
ancy
[ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
].W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: N
atio
nal
Cam
pai
gn t
o P
reve
nt
Tee
nag
e P
regn
ancy
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
18
]. A
vaila
ble
fro
m: h
ttp
://w
ww
.tee
np
regn
ancy
.org
/.
e.D
escr
ibe
the
typ
es o
f em
erge
ncy
co
ntr
acep
tio
nav
aila
ble
and
the
lega
l iss
ues
surr
oun
din
g th
eir
use.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
Essa
y2
b, 6
aA
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts.
A C
lose
r Lo
ok
at E
mer
gency
Co
ntr
acep
tio
n F
act
Shee
t [f
act
shee
t o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts
[cit
ed 2
00
4 O
ct 1
8].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
:htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cog.
com
/fro
m_h
om
e/d
epar
tmen
ts/d
ept_
no
tice
.cfm
?rec
no
=1
1&
bul
let
in=
15
71
.
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
etri
cian
s an
d G
ynec
olo
gist
s. A
CO
G P
ract
ice
Bul
leti
nN
umb
er 2
5. E
mer
gency
ora
l co
ntr
acep
tio
n. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts,
20
01
.
The
Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n (
AM
WA
) R
epro
duc
tive
Hea
lth Init
iati
ve.
RH
I M
od
el C
urri
culu
m, 2
nd
ed
. Mo
dul
e 6
(C
ontr
acep
tio
n -
Em
erge
ncy
Co
ntr
acep
tio
n)
[mo
dul
e o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
lexa
nd
ria,
VA
: Am
eric
an M
edic
alW
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n, 2
00
4. A
vaila
ble
fro
m: h
ttp
://w
ww
.am
wa-
do
c.o
rg/R
HI.
90
Co
mp
. V
I
Co
mp
eten
cy:
VI.
Ass
ess
an
d c
ou
nse
l w
om
en
fo
r se
x- a
nd
gen
der-
ap
pro
pri
ate
red
uct
ion
of
risk
, in
clu
din
g lif
est
yle c
han
ges
an
d g
en
eti
c te
stin
g.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
14
.C
on
trace
pti
ve P
ract
ices,
Fam
ily
Pla
nn
ing,
an
d U
nin
ten
ded
Pre
gn
an
cy
f.D
escr
ibe
avai
lab
le o
pti
ons
for
pre
gnan
cyte
rmin
atio
n f
or
adul
t w
om
en a
nd
ad
ole
scen
ts, a
nd
the
lega
l iss
ues
tied
to
co
nfid
enti
alit
y.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral
2b
, 5c,
6a
The
Nat
ional
Ab
ort
ion F
eder
atio
n. E
arly
Op
tio
ns.
A P
rovi
der
's G
uid
e to
Med
ical
Ab
ort
ion. M
ifep
rist
one
Ove
rvie
w [
ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: T
he
Nat
ional
Ab
ort
ion F
eder
atio
n [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct 2
1].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
:htt
p:/
/ww
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arly
op
tio
ns.
org
/mife
pri
sto
ne.
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l.
Lieb
erm
an D
, Fei
erm
an J. L
egal
issu
es in
the
rep
rod
ucti
ve h
ealt
h c
are
of
ado
lesc
ents
.J A
m M
ed W
om
ens
Ass
oc.
19
99
Sum
mer
;54
(3):
10
9-1
4.
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
etri
cian
s an
d G
ynec
olo
gist
s. A
CO
G E
duc
atio
nal
Bul
leti
nN
umb
er 2
49
. Co
nfid
enti
alit
y in
ad
ole
scen
t hea
lth c
are.
Was
hin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts,
Aug
19
98
.
Red
dy
DM
, Fle
min
g R
, Sw
ain C
. Eff
ect
of
man
dat
ory
par
enta
l no
tific
atio
n o
nad
ole
scen
t gi
rls'
use
of
sexu
al h
ealt
h c
are
serv
ices
. JA
MA
. 20
02
Aug
14
;28
8(6
):7
10
-4.
The
Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n (
AM
WA
) R
epro
duc
tive
Hea
lth Init
iati
ve.
RH
I M
od
el C
urri
culu
m, 2
nd
ed
. Mo
dul
e 2
(P
sych
oso
cial
Fac
tors
- E
thic
al L
egal
Issu
es, A
do
lesc
ents
); M
od
ule
7 (
Ab
ort
ion)
[mo
dul
es o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
lexa
nd
ria,
VA
: Am
eric
an M
edic
al W
om
en's
Ass
oci
atio
n, 2
00
4. A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
mw
a-d
oc.
org
/RH
I.
15
.P
ost
men
op
au
sal H
orm
on
e R
ep
lace
men
t T
hera
py
(See a
lso
Co
mp
. I.
C.1
4.
Men
op
au
se a
nd
Po
ssib
le S
eq
uela
e)
a.D
escr
ibe
men
op
ausa
l sym
pto
ms
and
dis
ease
s th
atin
crea
se in
inci
den
ce a
fter
men
op
ause
.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
1e,
2b
Ro
senfe
ld JA
. Men
op
ause
. In: R
ose
nfe
ld, J
A, e
dit
or.
Wo
men
's h
ealt
h in
pri
mar
y ca
re.
1st
ed
. Bal
tim
ore
: Will
iam
s &
Wilk
ins,
19
97
. p. 7
87
-98
.
Ass
oci
atio
n o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
. AP
GO
Ed
ucat
ional
Ser
ies
on W
om
en's
Hea
lth Iss
ues.
Im
pro
ving
qua
lity
of
life
dur
ing
men
op
ause
: the
role
fo
rho
rmo
ne
rep
lace
men
t th
erap
y. C
roft
on, M
D: A
sso
ciat
ion o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
fG
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
, 20
02
.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
91
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Wo
men
’s H
ealt
h C
are
Co
mp
eten
cies
fo
r M
edic
al S
tud
ents
: Ta
kin
g S
tep
s to
In
clu
de
Sex
an
d G
end
er D
iffe
ren
ces
in t
he
Cu
rric
ulu
m
Co
mp
eten
cy:
VI.
Ass
ess
an
d c
ou
nse
l w
om
en
fo
r se
x- a
nd
gen
der-
ap
pro
pri
ate
red
uct
ion
of
risk
, in
clu
din
g lif
est
yle c
han
ges
an
d g
en
eti
c te
stin
g.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
15
.Po
stm
en
op
au
sal H
orm
on
e R
ep
lace
men
t T
hera
py
(See a
lso
Co
mp
. I.
C.1
4.
Men
op
au
se a
nd
Po
ssib
le S
eq
uela
e)
b.
Co
unse
l a p
ost
men
op
ausa
l wo
man
reg
ard
ing
the
ben
efit
s an
d r
isks
of
avai
lab
le o
pti
ons
for
man
agem
ent
of
men
op
ausa
l sym
pto
ms
and
the
pre
venti
on o
f o
steo
po
rosi
s an
d c
ard
iova
scul
ard
isea
se.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E1
c, 1
d, 5
cM
anso
n JE,
Mar
tin K
A. C
linic
al p
ract
ice.
Po
stm
eno
pau
sal h
orm
one-
rep
lace
men
tth
erap
y. N
Engl
J M
ed. 2
00
1 Jul
5;3
45
(1):
34
-40
.
Ass
oci
atio
n o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
f G
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
. AP
GO
Ed
ucat
ional
Ser
ies
on W
om
en's
Hea
lth Iss
ues.
Im
pro
ving
qua
lity
of
life
dur
ing
men
op
ause
: the
role
fo
rho
rmo
ne
rep
lace
men
t th
erap
y. C
roft
on, M
D: A
sso
ciat
ion o
f P
rofe
sso
rs o
fG
ynec
olo
gy a
nd
Ob
stet
rics
, 20
02
.
Ho
rmo
ne
Ther
apy.
Ob
stet
rics
& G
ynec
olo
gy. 2
00
4 O
ct 1
;10
4(4
) S
upp
l.
Ro
sso
uw JE,
And
erso
n G
L, P
renti
ce R
L, L
aCro
ix A
Z, K
oo
per
ber
g C
, Ste
fanic
k M
L, e
tal
.; W
riti
ng
Gro
up f
or
the
Wo
men
's H
ealt
h Init
iati
ve Inve
stig
ato
rs. R
isks
and
ben
efit
so
f es
tro
gen p
lus
pro
gest
in in
hea
lthy
po
stm
eno
pau
sal w
om
en: p
rinci
pal
res
ults
fro
mth
e W
om
en's
Hea
lth Init
iati
ve r
and
om
ized
co
ntr
olle
d t
rial
. JA
MA
. 20
02
Jul
17
;28
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):3
21
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.
Am
ato
P, M
arcu
s D
M. R
evie
w o
f al
tern
ativ
e th
erap
ies
for
trea
tmen
t o
f m
eno
pau
sal
sym
pto
ms.
Clim
acte
ric.
20
03
Dec
;6(4
):2
78
-84
.
Mo
relli
V, N
aqui
n C
. Alt
ernat
ive
ther
apie
s fo
r tr
adit
ional
dis
ease
sta
tes:
men
op
ause
.A
m F
am P
hys
icia
n. 2
00
2 Jul
1;6
6(1
):1
29
-34
.
Kat
z T
. Ho
mo
eop
athic
tre
atm
ent
dur
ing
the
men
op
ause
. Co
mp
lem
ent
Ther
Nur
sM
idw
ifery
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97
Ap
r;3
(2):
46
-50
.
VII
.A
ccess
an
d c
riti
cally
eva
luate
new
in
form
ati
on
an
d a
do
pt
best
pra
ctic
es
that
inco
rpo
rate
kn
ow
led
ge o
f se
x an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
healt
h a
nd
dis
ease
.a.
Iden
tify
po
tenti
al s
our
ces
of
sele
ctio
n b
ias,
incl
udin
gse
x, g
end
er, a
ge, r
ace,
so
cio
eco
no
mic
sta
tus,
acc
ess
to c
are,
and
stu
dy
sett
ing.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
2a,
2b
, 3b
Go
rdis
L. E
pid
emio
logy
. 3rd
ed
. Phila
del
phia
: Sau
nd
ers,
20
04
.
Flet
cher
RH
, Fle
tcher
SW
, Wag
ner
EH
. Clin
ical
ep
idem
iolo
gy: t
he
esse
nti
als.
3rd
ed
.B
alti
mo
re: W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s, 1
99
6.
Pin
n V
W. S
ex a
nd
gen
der
fac
tors
in m
edic
al s
tud
ies:
imp
licat
ions
for
hea
lth a
nd
clin
ical
pra
ctic
e. JA
MA
. 20
03
Jan
;28
9(4
):3
97
-40
0.
Git
anja
li B
, Rav
eend
ran R
, Pan
dia
n D
G, S
ujin
dra
S. R
ecru
itm
ent
of
sub
ject
s fo
rcl
inic
al t
rial
s af
ter
info
rmed
co
nse
nt:
do
es g
end
er a
nd
ed
ucat
ional
sta
tus
mak
e a
diff
eren
ce?
J P
ost
grad
Med
. 20
03
Ap
r-Ju
n;4
9(2
):1
09
-13
.
b.
Ap
pra
ise
stud
y d
esig
n a
nd
res
ults
, incl
udin
g an
alys
isfo
r se
x an
d g
end
er d
iffer
ence
s, a
nd
ap
plic
atio
n t
ocl
inic
al c
are
for
wo
men
.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
P, O
SC
E,S
imul
atio
ns
2a,
3c
Go
rdis
L. E
pid
emio
logy
. 3rd
ed
. Phila
del
phia
: Sau
nd
ers,
20
04
.
Flet
cher
RH
, Fle
tcher
SW
, Wag
ner
EH
. Clin
ical
ep
idem
iolo
gy: t
he
esse
nti
als.
3rd
ed
.B
alti
mo
re: W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s, 1
99
6.
Pin
n V
W. S
ex a
nd
gen
der
fac
tors
in m
edic
al s
tud
ies:
imp
licat
ions
for
hea
lth a
nd
clin
ical
pra
ctic
e. JA
MA
. 20
03
Jan
;28
9(4
):3
97
-40
0.
92
Co
mp
. V
I
Co
mp
eten
cy:
VII
.A
ccess
an
d c
riti
cally
eva
luate
new
in
form
ati
on
an
d a
do
pt
best
pra
ctic
es
that
inco
rpo
rate
kn
ow
led
ge o
f se
x an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
healt
h a
nd
dis
ease
.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
c.D
iscu
ss s
ex a
nd
gen
der
diff
eren
ces
in t
he
bur
den
of
dis
ease
and
ass
oci
ated
pre
venti
ve c
are
nee
ds.
Kno
ws
Ho
wM
CQ
, Ora
l1
g, 2
b, 3
cT
he
Wo
men
's H
ealt
h Init
iati
ve [
ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. B
ethes
da,
MD
: Nat
ional
Hea
rt, L
ung,
and
Blo
od
Inst
itut
e [c
ited
20
04
Oct
19
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vaila
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e o
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om
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nd
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ing
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logy
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Sex
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Gen
der
Diff
eren
ces.
Exp
lori
ng
the
bio
logi
cal c
ontr
ibut
ions
to h
uman
hea
lth: d
oes
sex
mat
ter?
Wiz
eman
n T
M, P
ard
ue M
L, e
dit
ors
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hin
gto
n, D
C: N
atio
nal
Aca
dem
ies
Pre
ss, 2
00
1.
Inst
itut
e o
f M
edic
ine
(U.S
.); C
om
mit
tee
on G
end
er D
iffer
ence
s in
Sus
cep
tib
ility
to
Envi
ronm
enta
l Fac
tors
. Gen
der
diff
eren
ces
in s
usce
pti
bili
ty t
o e
nvi
ronm
enta
l fac
tors
:a
pri
ori
ty a
sses
smen
t. S
etlo
w V
P, L
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n C
E, W
oo
ds
NF,
ed
ito
rs. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C:
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ional
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dem
ies
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ss, 1
99
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Wo
od
s S
E, C
han
dra
n P
, Lev
in L
. Do
es t
he
pat
ient'
s se
x in
fluen
ce c
ard
iova
scul
aro
utco
me
afte
r ac
ute
myo
card
ial i
nfa
rcti
on?
J Fa
m P
ract
. 20
02
Mar
;51
(3):
23
7-4
0.
Leve
ille
SG
, Res
nic
k H
E, B
alfo
ur J. G
end
er d
iffer
ence
s in
dis
abili
ty: e
vid
ence
and
und
erly
ing
reas
ons.
Agi
ng
(Mila
no
). 2
00
0 A
pr;
12
(2):
10
6-1
2.
d.
Dem
onst
rate
a f
ocu
sed
sea
rch t
o a
nsw
er a
sp
ecifi
cw
om
an's
clin
ical
hea
lth q
uest
ion.
Sho
ws
Ho
wS
imul
atio
ns
2a,
3d
Sac
kett
DL,
et
al. E
vid
ence
-bas
ed m
edic
ine:
ho
w t
o p
ract
ice
and
tea
ch E
BM
. 2nd
ed
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inb
urgh
; New
Yo
rk: C
hur
chill
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ings
tone,
20
00
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Dem
ner
-Fus
hm
an D
, Hau
ser
SE,
Fo
rd G
, Tho
ma
GR
. Org
aniz
ing
liter
atur
ein
form
atio
n f
or
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ical
dec
isio
n s
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ort
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04
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04
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2-6
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e.O
utlin
e a
pla
n t
o a
pp
ly w
om
en's
hea
lth p
ract
ice
guid
elin
es t
o c
linic
al m
anag
emen
t p
lans.
Sho
ws
Ho
wO
ral,
Essa
y1
d, 2
a, 6
aG
uyat
t G
H, H
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RB
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schke
RZ
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ok
DJ,
Gre
en L
, Nay
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CD
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vid
ence
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ased
med
icin
e: p
rinci
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r ap
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uid
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K, C
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ho
w d
o t
hey
hel
p m
e ca
re f
or
my
pat
ients
? JA
MA
. 20
00
Jul
26
;28
4(4
):4
78
-82
.
McG
inn T
G, G
uyat
t G
H, W
yer
PC
, Nay
lor
CD
, Sti
ell I
G, R
ichar
dso
n W
S. H
ow
to
use
arti
cles
ab
out
clin
ical
dec
isio
n r
ules
. JA
MA
. 20
00
Jul
5;2
84
(1):
79
-84
.
McA
liste
r FA
, Str
aus
SE,
Guy
att
GH
, Hay
nes
RB
. Inte
grat
ing
rese
arch
evi
den
ce w
ith
the
care
of
the
ind
ivid
ual p
atie
nt.
JA
MA
. 20
00
Jun
7;2
83
(21
):2
82
9-3
6.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
93
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Wo
men
’s H
ealt
h C
are
Co
mp
eten
cies
fo
r M
edic
al S
tud
ents
: Ta
kin
g S
tep
s to
In
clu
de
Sex
an
d G
end
er D
iffe
ren
ces
in t
he
Cu
rric
ulu
m
Co
mp
eten
cy:
VII
.A
ccess
an
d c
riti
cally
eva
luate
new
in
form
ati
on
an
d a
do
pt
best
pra
ctic
es
that
inco
rpo
rate
kn
ow
led
ge o
f se
x an
d g
en
der
dif
fere
nce
s in
healt
h a
nd
dis
ease
.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
f.D
escr
ibe
dis
par
itie
s in
clin
ical
res
earc
h, a
cces
s, a
nd
del
iver
y o
f w
om
en's
hea
lth c
are
and
ho
w t
hes
eaf
fect
the
hea
lth o
f w
om
en.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
6b
, 6d
Aya
nia
n JZ
, Ep
stei
n A
M. D
iffer
ence
s in
the
use
of
pro
ced
ures
bet
wee
n w
om
en a
nd
men
ho
spit
aliz
ed f
or
coro
nar
y hea
rt d
isea
se. N
Engl
J M
ed. 1
99
1 Jul
;32
5(4
):2
21
-5.
May
nar
d C
, Lit
win
PE,
Mar
tin JS
, Wea
ver
WD
. Gen
der
diff
eren
ces
in t
he
trea
tmen
tan
d o
utco
me
of
acut
e m
yoca
rdia
l infa
rcti
on. R
esul
ts f
rom
the
Myo
card
ial I
nfa
rcti
on
Tri
age
and
Inte
rven
tio
n R
egis
try.
Arc
h Inte
rn M
ed. 1
99
2 M
ay;1
52
(5):
97
2-6
.
Will
iam
s D
R. R
acia
l/et
hnic
var
iati
ons
in w
om
en's
hea
lth: t
he
soci
al e
mb
edd
ednes
s o
fhea
lth. A
m J P
ublic
Hea
lth. 2
00
2 A
pr;
92
(4):
58
8-9
7.
g.D
iscu
ss t
he
ongo
ing
bar
rier
s to
the
incl
usio
n o
fw
om
en in
res
earc
h s
tud
ies.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral
5c,
6b
Inst
itut
e o
f M
edic
ine
(U.S
.); C
om
mit
tee
on t
he
Ethic
al a
nd
Leg
al Iss
ues
Rel
atin
g to
the
Incl
usio
n o
f W
om
en in
Clin
ical
Stu
die
s. W
om
en a
nd
hea
lth r
esea
rch: e
thic
al a
nd
lega
l iss
ues
of
incl
udin
g w
om
en in
clin
ical
stu
die
s. M
astr
oia
nni A
C, F
aden
RR
,Fe
der
man
DD
, ed
ito
rs. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: N
atio
nal
Aca
dem
ies
Pre
ss, 1
99
4.
Nat
ional
Inst
itut
es o
f H
ealt
h, O
ffic
e o
f R
esea
rch o
n W
om
en's
Hea
lth. I
ncl
usio
n o
fW
om
en in
Res
earc
h [
ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. B
ethes
da,
MD
: Nat
ional
Inst
itut
eso
f H
ealt
h, O
ffic
e o
f R
esea
rch o
n W
om
en's
Hea
lth [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct 1
9].
Ava
ilab
lefr
om
: htt
p:/
/ww
w4
.od
.nih
.go
v/o
rwh/i
ncl
intr
o.h
tml.
VII
I.D
iscu
ss t
he im
pact
of
healt
h c
are
delive
ry s
yste
ms
on
po
pu
lati
on
s an
d in
div
idu
als
rece
ivin
g h
ealt
h c
are
.
1.
Delive
ry o
f H
ealt
h S
erv
ices
to W
om
en
a.D
escr
ibe
the
esse
nti
als
of
com
pre
hen
sive
pri
mar
yca
re f
or
wo
men
.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral
1d
, 1g,
2b
, 5c
U.S
. Pre
venti
ve S
ervi
ces
Tas
k Fo
rce
(US
PS
TF)
[ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
].R
ock
ville
, MD
: Age
ncy
fo
r H
ealt
hca
re R
esea
rch a
nd
Qua
lity
[cit
ed 2
00
4 O
ct 1
9].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
: htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
hrq
.go
v/cl
inic
/usp
stfix
.htm
.
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f O
bst
etri
cian
s an
d G
ynec
olo
gist
s. G
uid
elin
es f
or
wo
men
's h
ealt
hca
re. 2
nd
ed
. Was
hin
gto
n, D
C: A
mer
ican
Co
llege
of
Ob
stet
rici
ans
and
Gyn
eco
logi
sts,
20
02
.
Car
lso
n K
J, Ei
senst
at S
A, e
dit
ors
. Pri
mar
y ca
re o
f w
om
en. 2
nd
ed
. St.
Lo
uis:
Mo
sby,
20
02
.
Wei
sman
CS
. Wo
men
's u
se o
f hea
lth c
are.
In: F
alik
MM
, Co
llins
KS
, ed
ito
rs. W
om
en's
hea
lth: T
he
Co
mm
onw
ealt
h F
und
Sur
vey.
Bal
tim
ore
: Jo
hns
Ho
pki
ns
Univ
ersi
ty P
ress
,1
99
6. p
. 19
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.
Sch
olle
SH
, Chan
g JC
, Har
man
J, M
cNei
l M. T
rend
s in
wo
men
's h
ealt
h s
ervi
ces
by
typ
e o
f p
hys
icia
n s
een: d
ata
fro
m t
he
19
85
and
19
97
-98
NA
MC
S. W
om
ens
Hea
lth
Issu
es. 2
00
2 Jul
-Aug
;12
(4):
16
5-7
7.
94
Co
mp
. V
II
Co
mp
eten
cy:
VII
I.D
iscu
ss t
he im
pact
of
healt
h c
are
delive
ry s
yste
ms
on
po
pu
lati
on
s an
d in
div
idu
als
rece
ivin
g h
ealt
h c
are
.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
1.D
elive
ry o
f H
ealt
h S
erv
ices
to W
om
en
b.
Co
mp
are
and
co
ntr
ast
the
qua
lity
of
care
of
at le
ast
two
diff
eren
t o
rgan
izat
ional
mo
del
s fo
r w
om
en's
hea
lth c
are.
Kno
ws
Ho
wO
ral,
Essa
y2
a, 6
bA
nd
erso
n R
T, W
eism
an C
S, S
cho
lle S
H, H
end
erso
n JT
, Old
end
ick
R, C
amac
ho
F.
Eval
uati
on o
f th
e q
ualit
y o
f ca
re in
the
clin
ical
car
e ce
nte
rs o
f th
e N
atio
nal
Cen
ters
of
Exce
llence
in W
om
en's
Hea
lth. W
om
ens
Hea
lth Iss
ues.
20
02
No
v-D
ec;1
2(6
):3
09
-26
.
Wei
sman
CS
. The
tren
ds
in h
ealt
h c
are
del
iver
y fo
r w
om
en: c
hal
lenge
s fo
r m
edic
aled
ucat
ion. A
cad
Med
. 20
00
;75
:11
07
-13
.
Nat
ional
Co
mm
itte
e fo
r Q
ualit
y A
ssur
ance
[ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
].W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: N
atio
nal
Co
mm
itte
e fo
r Q
ualit
y A
ssur
ance
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
19
].A
vaila
ble
fro
m: h
ttp
://w
ww
.ncq
a.o
rg/i
nd
ex.h
tm.
c.D
efin
e "h
ealt
h c
are
safe
ty n
et"
and
des
crib
e at
leas
tth
ree
typ
es o
f o
rgan
izat
ions
that
may
co
mp
rise
the
hea
lth c
are
safe
ty n
et f
or
wo
men
.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
Essa
y6
b, 6
dIn
stit
ute
of
Med
icin
e (U
.S.)
; Co
mm
itte
e o
n t
he
Chan
ging
Mar
ket,
Man
aged
Car
e,an
d t
he
Futu
re V
iab
ility
of
Saf
ety
Net
Pro
vid
ers.
Am
eric
a's
hea
lth c
are
safe
ty n
et:
inta
ct b
ut e
nd
ange
red
. Lew
in M
E, A
ltm
an S
, ed
ito
rs. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: N
atio
nal
Aca
dem
ies
Pre
ss, 2
00
0.
The
Ala
n G
uttm
acher
Inst
itut
e [h
om
epag
e o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. N
ew Y
ork
; Was
hin
gto
n,
DC
: The
Ala
n G
uttm
acher
Inst
itut
e [c
ited
20
04
Oct
19
]. A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.g
uttm
acher
.org
/.
Hea
lth R
eso
urce
s an
d S
ervi
ces
Ad
min
istr
atio
n M
ater
nal
and
Child
Hea
lth B
urea
u[h
om
epag
e o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. R
ock
ville
, MD
: Hea
lth R
eso
urce
s an
d S
ervi
ces
Ad
min
istr
atio
n M
ater
nal
and
Child
Hea
lth B
urea
u [c
ited
20
04
Oct
19
]. A
vaila
ble
fro
m: h
ttp
://m
chb
.hrs
a.go
v.
Wei
sman
CS
. The
tren
ds
in h
ealt
h c
are
del
iver
y fo
r w
om
en: c
hal
lenge
s fo
r m
edic
aled
ucat
ion. A
cad
Med
. 20
00
;75
:11
07
-13
.
2.A
ccess
to
Healt
h C
are
fo
r W
om
en
a.D
escr
ibe
the
typ
es o
f hea
lth in
sura
nce
co
vera
geth
at w
om
en h
ave
acro
ss t
he
lifes
pan
, incl
udin
gp
ublic
and
pri
vate
so
urce
s, a
nd
ho
w t
he
lack
of
hea
lth in
sura
nce
fo
r w
om
en v
arie
s b
y lif
e st
age,
race
/eth
nic
ity,
and
so
cio
eco
no
mic
sta
tus.
Kno
ws
Ho
wO
ral,
Essa
y5
c, 6
bR
ose
nb
aum
S. M
edic
aid
. N E
ngl
J M
ed. 2
00
2 F
eb 2
1;3
46
(8):
63
5-4
0.
Mo
on M
. Med
icar
e. N
Engl
J M
ed. 2
00
1 M
ar 2
2;3
44
(12
):9
28
-31
.
Inst
itut
e o
f M
edic
ine
(U.S
.); C
om
mit
tee
on t
he
Co
nse
que
nce
s o
f U
nin
sura
nce
.C
ove
rage
mat
ters
: insu
rance
and
hea
lth c
are.
Was
hin
gto
n, D
C: N
atio
nal
Aca
dem
ies
Pre
ss, 2
00
1.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
95
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Co
mp
eten
cy:
VII
I.D
iscu
ss t
he im
pact
of
healt
h c
are
delive
ry s
yste
ms
on
po
pu
lati
on
s an
d in
div
idu
als
rece
ivin
g h
ealt
h c
are
.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
2.A
ccess
to
Healt
h C
are
fo
r W
om
en
b.
Des
crib
e fin
anci
al a
nd
no
n-f
inan
cial
bar
rier
s to
wo
men
's a
cces
s to
hea
lth c
are
and
giv
e tw
oex
amp
les
of
each
.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral
5c,
6a,
6b
Bec
kerm
an Z
, Haw
kins
M, M
isra
D, S
alga
nic
off
A, W
yn R
. Acc
ess,
uti
lizat
ion, a
nd
qua
lity
of
hea
lth c
are.
In: M
isra
D, e
dit
or.
The
wo
men
's h
ealt
h d
ata
bo
ok:
a p
rofil
e o
fw
om
en's
hea
lth in
the
Unit
ed S
tate
s. 3
rd e
dit
ion. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C; M
enlo
Par
k, C
A:
The
Jaco
bs
Inst
itut
e o
f W
om
en's
Hea
lth; T
he
Hen
ry J. K
aise
r Fa
mily
Fo
und
atio
n,
20
01
. p.1
64
-91
.
The
Hen
ry J. K
aise
r Fa
mily
Fo
und
atio
n W
om
en's
Hea
lth P
olic
y [h
om
epag
e o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. M
enlo
Par
k, C
A: T
he
Hen
ry J. K
aise
r Fa
mily
Fo
und
atio
n [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct1
9].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
: htt
p:/
/ww
w.k
ff.o
rg/w
om
ensh
ealt
h/.
U.S
. Cen
sus
Bur
eau
Hea
lth Insu
rance
Dat
a [h
om
epag
e o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. S
uitl
and
,M
D: U
.S. C
ensu
s B
urea
u [c
ited
20
04
Oct
19
].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
:htt
p:/
/ww
w.c
ensu
s.go
v/hhes
/ww
w/h
lthin
s.htm
l.
Nat
ional
Cen
ter
for
Hea
lth S
tati
stic
s [h
om
epag
e o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. A
tlan
ta: C
DC
Nat
ional
Cen
ter
for
Hea
lth S
tati
stic
s [c
ited
20
04
Oct
19
]. A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.c
dc.
gov/
nch
s/.
Inst
itut
e o
f M
edic
ine
(U.S
.); C
om
mit
tee
on t
he
Co
nse
que
nce
s o
f U
nin
sura
nce
.C
ove
rage
mat
ters
: insu
rance
and
hea
lth c
are.
Was
hin
gto
n, D
C: N
atio
nal
Aca
dem
ies
Pre
ss, 2
00
1.
Nat
ional
Wo
men
's L
aw C
ente
r; O
rego
n H
ealt
h &
Sci
ence
Univ
ersi
ty. M
akin
g th
egr
ade
on w
om
en's
hea
lth: a
nat
ional
and
sta
te-b
y-st
ate
rep
ort
car
d. W
ashin
gto
n,
DC
; Po
rtla
nd
: Nat
ional
Wo
men
's L
aw C
ente
r; O
rego
n H
ealt
h &
Sci
ence
Univ
ersi
ty,
20
04
.
Age
ncy
fo
r H
ealt
hca
re R
esea
rch a
nd
Qua
lity.
Mea
suri
ng
Hea
lthca
re Q
ualit
y[h
om
epag
e o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. R
ock
ville
, MD
: Age
ncy
fo
r H
ealt
hca
re R
esea
rch a
nd
Qua
lity
[cit
ed 2
00
4 O
ct 1
9].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
:htt
p:/
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hrq
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v/q
ual/
mea
suri
x.htm
.
96
Co
mp
. V
III
Co
mp
eten
cy:
VII
I.D
iscu
ss t
he im
pact
of
healt
h c
are
delive
ry s
yste
ms
on
po
pu
lati
on
s an
d in
div
idu
als
rece
ivin
g h
ealt
h c
are
.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
3.Q
uality
a.D
escr
ibe
the
pur
po
se a
nd
use
of
qua
lity
mea
sure
men
t in
stru
men
ts, i
ncl
udin
g H
EDIS
mea
sure
s fo
r w
om
en's
hea
lth.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral
2b
, 6a,
6b
Inst
itut
e o
f M
edic
ine
(U.S
.); C
om
mit
tee
on Q
ualit
y o
f H
ealt
h C
are
in A
mer
ica.
Cro
ssin
g th
e q
ualit
y ch
asm
: a n
ew h
ealt
h s
yste
m f
or
the
21
st c
entu
ry. W
ashin
gto
n,
DC
: Nat
ional
Aca
dem
ies
Pre
ss, 2
00
1.
Age
ncy
fo
r H
ealt
hca
re R
esea
rch a
nd
Qua
lity.
Qua
lity
Ass
essm
ent
[ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. R
ock
ville
, MD
: Age
ncy
fo
r H
ealt
hca
re R
esea
rch a
nd
Qua
lity
[cit
ed 2
00
4O
ct 1
9].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
: htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
hrq
.go
v/q
ual/
.
Nat
ional
Co
mm
itte
e fo
r Q
ualit
y A
ssur
ance
[ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
].W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: N
atio
nal
Co
mm
itte
e fo
r Q
ualit
y A
ssur
ance
[ci
ted
20
04
Oct
19
].A
vaila
ble
fro
m: h
ttp
://w
ww
.ncq
a.o
rg.
McG
lynn E
A, K
err
EA, A
dam
s J,
Kee
sey
J, A
sch S
M. Q
ualit
y o
f hea
lth c
are
for
wo
men
:a
dem
onst
rati
on o
f th
e q
ualit
y as
sess
men
t to
ols
sys
tem
. Med
Car
e. 2
00
3M
ay;4
1(5
):6
16
-25
.
4.P
olicy
a.Id
enti
fy a
t le
ast
two
maj
or
wo
men
's h
ealt
h p
olic
yis
sues
.K
no
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
6a,
6b
The
Jaco
bs
Inst
itut
e fo
r W
om
en's
Hea
lth [
ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. W
ashin
gto
n,
DC
: The
Jaco
bs
Inst
itut
e fo
r W
om
en's
Hea
lth [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct 1
9].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
:htt
p:/
/ww
w.ji
wh.o
rg/.
The
So
ciet
y fo
r W
om
en's
Hea
lth R
esea
rch [
ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. W
ashin
gto
n,
DC
: The
So
ciet
y fo
r W
om
en's
Hea
lth R
esea
rch [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct 1
9].
Ava
ilab
lefr
om
: htt
p:/
/ww
w.w
om
ens-
hea
lth.o
rg/.
The
Ala
n G
uttm
acher
Inst
itut
e [h
om
epag
e o
n t
he
Inte
rnet
]. N
ew Y
ork
; Was
hin
gto
n,
DC
: The
Ala
n G
uttm
acher
Inst
itut
e [c
ited
20
04
Oct
19
]. A
vaila
ble
fro
m:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.g
uttm
acher
.org
/.
Age
ncy
fo
r H
ealt
hca
re R
esea
rch a
nd
Qua
lity.
Wo
men
's H
ealt
h [
ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. R
ock
ville
, MD
: Age
ncy
fo
r H
ealt
hca
re R
esea
rch a
nd
Qua
lity
[cit
ed 2
00
4O
ct 1
9].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
: htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
hrq
.go
v/re
sear
ch/w
om
enix
.htm
.
b.
Iden
tify
at
leas
t tw
o m
ajo
r p
ublic
hea
lth p
rogr
ams,
init
iati
ves,
or
cam
pai
gns
hig
hlig
hti
ng
wo
men
'shea
lth.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
6a,
6b
U.S
. Dep
artm
ent
of
Hea
lth a
nd
Hum
an S
ervi
ces,
Off
ice
on W
om
en's
Hea
lth
[ho
mep
age
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. W
ashin
gto
n, D
C: U
.S. D
epar
tmen
t o
f H
ealt
h a
nd
Hum
an S
ervi
ces,
Off
ice
on W
om
en's
Hea
lth [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct 1
9].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
:htt
p:/
/ww
w.4
wo
man
.go
v/o
wh/.
*Le
vels
of
Co
mp
eten
ce a
s d
efin
ed b
y G
eorg
e E.
Mill
er. G
E M
iller
. The
asse
ssm
ent
of
clin
ical
ski
lls/c
om
pet
ence
/per
form
ance
. Aca
d M
ed 1
99
0 6
5: 6
3S
-67
S.
#P
ote
nti
al e
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds
as d
escr
ibed
in t
he
Acc
red
itat
ion C
oun
cil f
or
Gra
dua
te M
edic
al E
duc
atio
n (
AC
GM
E) a
nd
the
Am
eric
an B
oar
d o
f M
edic
al S
pec
ialt
ies
(AB
MS
) T
oo
lbo
x o
f A
sses
smen
t M
etho
ds.
Ver
sio
n 1
.1S
epte
mb
er 2
00
0. h
ttp
://w
ww
.acg
me.
org
/Out
com
e/as
sess
/To
olb
ox.
pd
f.A
bb
revi
atio
ns
used
in t
his
co
lum
n a
re a
s fo
llow
s: M
CQ
= M
ulti
ple
Cho
ice
Que
stio
ns
OS
CE =
Ob
ject
ive
Str
uctu
red
Clin
ical
Exa
m S
P =
Sta
nd
ard
azed
Pat
ients
KF
= K
ey F
eatu
res
Exam
+R
elev
ant
resi
den
cy le
vel c
om
pet
ency
or
skill
as
foun
d in
the
AC
GM
E O
utco
me
Pro
ject
and
def
ined
as
the
Min
imum
Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts L
angu
age.
Ap
pro
ved
by
the
AC
GM
E, S
epte
mb
er 2
8, 1
99
9.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
cgm
e.o
rg/o
utco
me/
com
p/c
om
pFu
ll.as
p.
Ref
er t
o K
ey o
n p
age
9 f
or
assi
gned
AC
GM
E ge
ner
al c
om
pet
enci
es.
97
SEC
TIO
N F
OU
R:C
om
pete
nci
es
Gri
d
Co
mp
eten
cy:
VII
I.D
iscu
ss t
he im
pact
of
healt
h c
are
delive
ry s
yste
ms
on
po
pu
lati
on
s an
d in
div
idu
als
rece
ivin
g h
ealt
h c
are
.
Learn
ing O
bje
ctiv
eLe
vel o
fC
om
pete
nce
*
Ap
pro
pri
ate
Eva
luati
on
Meth
od
s#
AC
GM
EC
om
pete
nci
es
+
Refe
ren
ces
4.P
olicy
c.Id
enti
fy a
t le
ast
one
maj
or
gove
rnm
ent
rep
ort
stat
ing
the
sign
ifica
nce
of
incl
udin
g se
x- a
nd
gen
der
-b
ased
med
icin
e in
res
earc
h, m
edic
al e
duc
atio
n, a
nd
pra
ctic
e.
Kno
ws
MC
Q, O
ral,
KF
6a,
6b
Nat
ional
Inst
itut
es o
f H
ealt
h, O
ffic
e o
f R
esea
rch in
Wo
men
's H
ealt
h. M
onit
ori
ng
adher
ence
to
the
NIH
po
licy
on t
he
incl
usio
n o
f w
om
en a
nd
min
ori
ties
as
sub
ject
s in
clin
ical
res
earc
h [
rep
ort
on t
he
Inte
rnet
], Jun
e 2
00
3. B
ethes
da,
MD
: Nat
ional
Inst
itut
es o
f H
ealt
h, O
ffic
e o
f R
esea
rch in
Wo
men
's H
ealt
h [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct 1
9].
Ava
ilab
le f
rom
: htt
p:/
/ww
w4
.od
.nih
.go
v/o
rwh/G
old
Rep
ort
_20
00
-01
.pd
f.
Inst
itut
e o
f M
edic
ine
(U.S
.); C
om
mit
tee
on U
nd
erst
and
ing
the
Bio
logy
of
Sex
and
Gen
der
Diff
eren
ces.
Exp
lori
ng
the
bio
logi
cal c
ontr
ibut
ions
to h
uman
hea
lth: d
oes
sex
mat
ter?
Wiz
eman
n T
M, P
ard
ue M
L, e
dit
ors
. Was
hin
gto
n, D
C: N
atio
nal
Aca
dem
ies
Pre
ss, 2
00
1.
NA
SA
's O
ffic
e o
f B
iolo
gica
l and
Phys
ical
Res
earc
h; T
he
Nat
ional
Cen
ter
for
Gen
der
Phys
iolo
gy a
nd
Envi
ronm
enta
l Ad
apta
tio
n, U
niv
ersi
ty o
f M
isso
uri.
Sex
, sp
ace
and
envi
ronm
enta
l ad
apta
tio
n: a
nat
ional
wo
rksh
op
on r
esea
rch p
rio
riti
es o
n s
exd
iffer
ence
s in
hum
an r
esp
onse
s to
chal
lengi
ng
envi
ronm
ents
. Univ
ersi
ty o
f M
isso
uri,
Co
lum
bia
, MO
. No
v 1
1-1
2, 2
00
2 [
wo
rksh
op
rep
ort
on t
he
Inte
rnet
]. W
ashin
gto
n,
DC
: Nat
ional
Aer
onau
tics
and
Sp
ace
Ad
min
istr
atio
n [
cite
d 2
00
4 O
ct 1
9].
Ava
ilab
lefr
om
: htt
p:/
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acer
esea
rch.n
asa.
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do
cs/e
nvi
ronm
enta
l_ad
apta
tio
n_w
ork
sho
p_1
1-2
00
2.p
df.
98
Co
mp
. V
III
Index
AAartsen, M. J., 216Ablin, J. N., 169Abrams, M. T., 39Acharya, G., 150Achenbach, T. M., 92, 104, 105, 111Adab, N., 158, 159Adam, E., 20, 21, 73Adams, L., 73Adler, L. A., 105Aging process
brain aging in men, 220brain imaging, 212
gender differences in brain volume lossin, 213
cognitive aging, 215cognitive decline
gender differences in pattern and rate,216
in normal aging, 213–216dementias risk, gender differences in, 220normal aging, 211–212pathological aging
Alzheimer’s disease risk and genderdifferences, 217–220
and dementia, 216sensory memory, 214
Agranov, E., 80Ahearn, M. B., 101Aleman, A., 52Alexander, M. P., 101Alexithymia, 197–198
See also Eating disorders (EDs)Alivisatos, B., 48Alkayed, H. J., 71Allen, L. S., 25, 212, 213Allen, R., 97Alves, W. M., 69, 76, 80Alzheimer’s disease (AD), 58–60
American coaching association AD/HDcomprehensive coach trainingprogram, 118
gender differencesdementia and, 220educational achievement and, 219genetic risk, 218–219women, risk in, 217–218
American psychological association (APA)competencies, 3guidelines for professional practice, 2
Amygdalahormonal effects on, 40volume, genders with age, 39
Anderberg, U. M., 170Andersen, H., 151, 152Andreasen, N. C., 46Angele, M. K., 75Angold, A., 103Anorexia nervosa (AN), 7–8, 178–179
attention, 193–194explicit learning capabilities, 195genetic research, 189implicit learning capabilities, 195–196intellectual functioning, 191memory, 194–195neuroendocrine changes, 190–191neuroimaging findings, 188–189planning and problem solving, 198psychomotor speed and speed of
processing, 192psychophysiological findings, 189–190somatosensory, 192–193symbolic thinking, 196–197visuospatial, 191–192
Anthony, B. J., 101Anxious/depressed scale, 112Applegate, A., 91, 94Applegate, B., 91, 94
315
316 Index
Arbelaez, J., 75Archer, J. S. M., 102Arcia, E., 93Armstrong, E., 38Arnold, L. E., 92Arnold, L. M., 169Arnold, S. E., 119Artiges, E., 56Asarnow, R. F., 97Asphyxia and Apgar scores, 19Atomoxetine, noradrenergic antidepressants,
117Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD), 5–6, 87academic functioning
mathematics, 111reading, 110written expression, 110–111
Achenbach teacher report form (TRF),111–112
adult self-report scale (ASRS) symptomchecklist, 112
assessment ofbehavioral questionnaires and
self-report measures, 104intelligence/achievement tests, 104–105interview, 103neuropsychological testing, 105–107
behavioral observations/clinical interview,108
clinical impression, 112–113clinically relevant test results, 108–110combined type (ADHD-C), 91developmental course in children
attention development, 94–95comorbidity, 96–97middle school and high school age,
95–96preschool and elementary school, 94
educational history, 108emotional/behavioral functioning
parent and teacher questionnaires,111–112
self-report, 112frontostriatal basis for, 100hormonal influences on attention
estrogen, 102–103thyroid hormone, 102
interventionmedication and multimodal treatment
study, 116symptom-related gender differences,
115
maternal cigarette smoking and offspring,18
neuroimaging ingirls, 40–42
neuropathology ofbrain regions, 97–100
predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type(ADHD-HI), 93
childhood symptoms, 88diagnostic criteria, DSM-IV-TR
criterion, 89–92predominantly inattentive type (ADHD-PI),
91diagnosis of, 114
prevalence rates, 93–94recommendations, 113–114stimulant treatment for women, 116
cognitive intervention, 119–120counseling and coaching individuals
with, 118hormonal factors, 117non-stimulant medications, 117psychosocial strategies, 117–118
Atzeni, F., 169August, G. J., 94Avonex interferons, 173Awh, E., 48Aylward, E., 48Aylward, G. P., 18, 19, 20, 21Azcoitia, I., 73
BBachner-Melman, R., 181, 182Bagby, R. M., 197Baldereschi, M., 220Balentine, A. C., 91Ballmaier, M., 59Baltes, P., 216Baranzini, S. E., 171Barbiturates, 156Barcellos, L. F., 171Barkley, R. A., 91, 92, 94, 95, 97, 104, 116,
117, 119Barnes, L. L., 216Baron-Cohen, S., 51Barratt, E., 202Barta, P., 48Bartley, A. J., 12Bartzokis, G., 212Bates, J. F., 38Bauer, J., 149Bear, M. F., 13, 14, 15, 19, 20, 21, 24, 25, 26Beaumont, J. G., 57
Index 317
Bechara, A., 198Becker, A. E., 199Beckett, L. A., 59Beeri, M. S., 216Bee, T. K., 69Behavioral questionnaires, 104Belman, A. L., 18Benton, A. L.106, 183, 192, 215Ben-Tovim, D. I., 180Bergh, C., 178Berk, L. E., 18Berkovic, S. F., 151Berquin, P. C., 99Bessler, A., 94Best, A. M., 137Betaseron interferons, 173Bezman, R., 116Biederman, J., 18, 92, 93, 94, 96, 97Bihrle, S., 48Bilker, W. B., 25, 138Binge eating disorder (BED), 200Blacker, D., 96Black, K., 59Black, S. E., 59Bland, K. I., 75Blaskey, L. G., 91Blickman, J. G., 32Bonagura, N., 94Boone, K. B., 214Borod, J. C., 48Boswell, L., 116Bounds, T., 77, 78, 79Bourgeois, J. P., 95Braak, E., 212Brain
aging and, 49–50atrophy
rates of, 220block design scores, 98gender-linked differences in, 43–44gray–white differences using MRI, 46imaging studies, 212–213neuroanatomical differences between
sexes, 44–45posterior parietal cortex, 48right hemisphere of, 98sex differences in structure and function,
74–75animal studies, 71–72human studies, 72–73
sex hormones, 47steroid synthesis in, 73–74
temporal lobe, 48total intracranial volume of, 59
Brain development, 11biological and environmental risk factors,
21gender differences in, 22–26, 42
childhood, 38–40MRI findings, 45NIH longitudinal data, 23postmortem and PET studies, 43–45
plasticity and neuroplasticity in, 21–22postnatal influences on, 19–21prenatal and perinatal influences on
maturation, 17–19stages of, 12–13
cell death/synaptic pruning, 17cell proliferation and migration, 14major brain regions, differentiation of,
15–17neurulation and neurogenesis, 13
transactional model for study, 12See also Aging process
Brammer, M. J., 100Brass, L., 75Breastfeeding and women with epilepsy, 160Breier, A., 54Bremner, J. D., 70Breteler, M. M., 59Brickenkamp, R., 106Broca’s area, female brain regions, 25Brodal, P., 14Brodtkorb, E., 154Brooks, R. A., 44Broshek, D. K., 70, 76Brown, C. K., 212Brown, J., 69Brown, A. S., 18Brown, T. E., 105Bruce, K. R., 8, 177, 178, 179, 181, 185, 199,
200, 201, 202Bruch, H., 198Bruckner, R. L., 213Bruder, S., 8, 197Bruss, J., 212Bryan, J., 214Bryant, N. L., 54, 77Bucci, W., 197Buchanan, R. W., 54Buckwalter, J. G., 214Buitelaar, J. K., 45Bulik, C. M., 8, 184, 185Bulimia nervosa (BN), 8, 179
neurobiological findings, 199–201
318 Index
Bulimia nervosa (BN) (cont.)neuroimaging, 201neuropsychological findings, 201–206
Bupropion, noradrenergic antidepressants, 117Burckhardt, C., 170Burr, R. L., 76Burwell, R. A., 199Buschke, H., 215Bushnik, R., 76Buskila, D., 169
CCaesar, P., 15Cairns, U., 31Caldwell, C. B., 59California verbal learning test–C, 109Callen, D. J. A., 59Cammock, T., 31Campbell, G., 44Campbell, I. C., 7, 177Carbamazepine antiepileptic agents, 156Carlson, C. L., 6Carlson, M. C., 91Carroll, J., 132Carte, E. T., 96Castellanos, F. X., 36, 39, 41, 99Castro, J. A., 47Cattell–Horn model for cognitive aging, 215Caudate regions, female brain regions, 25Cavedini, P., 178, 198Caviness, V. S., 35, 38Caviness, V. S. Jr, 24Cawthon, M. L., 159Cawthorne, V., 139Cell proliferation and migration, 14Central nervous system (CNS)
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brainvolume, age effects on, 39
divisions of, 16and gestation, 13
Cerghet, M., 72Chan, B. K. S., 103Chaudry, I. H., 75Child Psychiatry Branch of the National
Institute of Mental Health(CPB/NIMH), 22
Chofflon, M., 173Choudhry, M. A., 75Chowdhury, U., 190Christensen, J., 151Christie, D., 181Chrousos, G. P., 169Chugani, H. T., 12
Chu, M. P., 97Ciesielska, A., 75Citalopram (Celexa), 170Clark, A. S., 1, 39, 69, 74Claude, D., 94Coffey, C. E., 213Cognitive aging, 215
common cause model for, 216processing speed hypothesis for, 215
Cohen-Bendahan, C. C. C., 45Cohen, H., 169Cohen-Kettenis, P. T., 45Cohen, M., 71Cohen, R. M., 41Coimbra, R., 69Coleman, A. E., 213Colletti, P., 48Collier, D., 177Collinson, S. L., 53, 56Conejo, N. M., 72Confavreux, C., 57, 172Conjugated equine estrogens (CEE), 217Conners, C. K., 92, 93, 105, 106, 109Conners’ continuous performance test, 107,
109Connor, D. F., 116, 117Connors, B. W., 13, 106Continued performance test (CPT) for
attention, 193Contraception and women with epilepsy, 156Controlled oral word association task for FAS,
109Cook-Cottone, C. P., 1, 7, 8, 177, 178, 179,
180, 184, 185, 186Cook, E. H., 97Cooper, R. L., 139Copaxone drug treatment, 173Corpus callosum and brain size, 25Corpus callosum (CC) in childhood, gender
and age effects study, 40Corrigan, J. D., 77Cortisol hormone in HPA system, 20Costello, E. J., 103Courchesne, E., 95, 212Coutinho, M. J., 137Covassin, T., 80Cowell, P. E., 49, 212, 213Coyle, P., 171Craig, M., 52, 53Crane, A., 204Crawford, P., 149–161Crews, C., 179Croce, M. A., 69
Index 319
Crofford, L., 170Crofford, L. J., 170Crook, T. H., 216Crow, T. J., 53Crystallized intelligence, 215Culture-bound Syndrome, see Bulimia
nervosa (BN)Cummings, J. L., 220Curry, J. F., 119Curtis, M., 38Cutter, W., 52Czlonkowska, A., 75
DDamasio, H., 212Damasio, A. R., 198Dane, S., 47Danforth, J. S., 116Davatzikos, C., 45, 53David, R. B., 19, 54David, S., 19David, A. S., 54Davis, A. S., 18, 139Davis, S. N., 169Dawson, G., 19Dawson, G., 19Dean, R. S., 18, 19, 139DeBacker, I., 188De Bellis, M. D., 39Deb, S., 80DeCarli, C., 36, 49, 51DeCarli, C. D., 213Deepak, N., 18De Frias, C. M., 216DeFries, J. C., 138, 139DeGraba, T. J., 71Dekaban, A. S., 42De la Torre, J., 49D’Elia, L., 214Delis, D., 106De Long, G. R., 18De Luca, C. R., 53DeMaio, A., 75Demaree, H. A., 107Dementia, 211
gender risk for, 220–221in males, 220and pathological aging, 216risk in women, 219
Denckla, M. B., 39DePauw, K. P., 170Dessein, P. H., 169Deutsch, Biegon, A., 74
DHEA and DHEAS levels and neurotoxiceffects, 191
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual ofMental Disorders, Fourth Edition,Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR), 7
Diamond, A., 91Diana, A., 169Di Chiro, G., 44Diencephalon, 16Dimorphism, 24Diodato, M. D., 75Disney, E. R., 97Dixon, R. A., 25, 190Diyarbakirli, S., 47Dobson, K. S., 17, 177, 193, 194, 203Doggett-Jones, 157, 158, 159Dolny, D. G., 170DonCarlos, L. L., 73Donders, J., 75, 76, 80Doria, A., 169Dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex (DLPFC), 23
regions, female brain regions, 25Double, K. L., 25, 140Douglas, C., 117Dozois, D. J. A., 7, 177, 193, 194, 203Driven to Distraction, 118Duara, R., 140Duchesne, M., 7, 8, 177, 178, 183, 185, 191,
192, 193, 194, 195, 199, 201, 202,203, 204, 205
Dukarm, C. P., 8, 202, 203, 205Duloxetine (Cymbalta), antidepressant
medications, 170Dumlu Aydin, M., 47Duncan, C. C., 101Dunkin, J., 1, 211, 218DuPaul, G. J., 91, 116Duvdevani, R., 74Dyslexia, 5, 131
diagnostic criteria, 137–138features of, 132–134gender differences in, 136–137
biogenetic factors influencing, 138–139neurobiological study of, 134–136neuroimaging in girls, 42neurological differences, 139–140
EEating disorders (EDs), 7–8, 177
alexithymia, 197–198anorexia nervosa, 178–179
attention, 193–194explicit learning capabilities, 195
320 Index
Eating disorders (EDs) (cont.)genetic research, 189implicit learning capabilities, 195–196intellectual functioning, 191memory, 194–195neuroendocrine changes, 190–191neuroimaging findings, 188–189planning and problem solving, 198psychomotor speed and speed of
processing, 192psychophysiological findings, 189–190somatosensory, 192–193symbolic thinking, 196–197visuospatial, 191–192
bulimia nervosa, 179neurobiological findings, 199–201neuroimaging, 201neuropsychological findings,
201–206complications in neuropsychological
research, 181–184course of disorders and cognitive symptoms
risk and development, 184–186DSM-IV and DSM-IV-TR, classification of
diagnostic subtypes, 181eating disorder not otherwise specified
(ED-NOS), 187and prevalence, 179–181
Ebeling, H., 179Eberling, J. L., 49Ebstein, R. P., 169, 181Eck, K. E., 152Economou, V. V., 152Eddy, K. T., 177, 178, 179, 184, 185, 187Edland, S. D., 59Edwards, G., 104Eikelenboom, M. J., 57Eiraldi, R., 91, 93El-Etr, M., 171, 172, 173Elias, M. F., 216Elias, P. K., 216Eliopulos, D., 37, 99Elkins, U., 97Ellison, P. A. T., 12, 14, 17, 18, 20, 95, 107Ellman, A., 46Eme, R. F., 138Epilepsy, 6, 149
antiepilepsy drug (AED) pregnancyregistry, 141–146, 162–163
catameniel epilepsy, 152–154female life span
child bearing age, 154fertility, 154–155
menopause, 161puberty, 151–154
genetic studies, 150–151oral contraceptives and, 156
Epstein, J. N., 119Erdogan, A. R., 47Erklani, A., 103Ernst, M., 6, 41, 98Estrogens, 218Evans, D. A., 59Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) babies
study, 75
FFabian, T. C., 69Fackler, J. C., 75Fantie, B., 12, 14, 15Farace, E., 69, 76, 80Faraone, S. V., 5, 19, 93, 96, 97, 116Fargeon, S., 96Farin, A., 74Fassino, S., 188, 198Feehan, M., 92Felbamate antiepileptic agents, 156Ferrero, S., 173Fertility and epilepsy, 154–155Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), 18Fibromyalgia (FM), 5, 168
genetic factors, 169treatment for, 169–170
Fichter, M. M., 179, 180, 181, 186, 187Filipek, P. A., 24, 25, 32, 37, 39, 40, 99, 140Fine, J. G., 131, 132, 133Fine, P. R., 79Fink, G., 102, 117Fiocco, A. J., 178Firestone, J. A., 220Firestone, P., 94Firkig, S., 18Fischel, J. E., 94, 95Fischer, 97Fischer, K., 12, 94, 96, 97Fischer, K. W., 12Fischer, M., 97Fischer, M. B., 94, 96Fitzmaurice, G., 96Flannery, K., 131Flaum, M., 25Fleisher, A., 219Fletcher-Janzen, E., 1, 149Fletcher, K. E., 94Fluid intelligence, 215Forebrain regions, 15
Index 321
Fortlage, D., 69Fotenos, A. F., 213Founder cells, 14Frank, B., 169Frazier, T. W., 107Frederikse, M. E., 48French, J. A., 156, 161Freson, T., 170Frick, P. J., 91Friis, M. L., 151Fristoe, N., 214, 215Frith, C. D., 134Frost, J. A., 59Furlan, R., 169
GGaab, J., 169Gadow, K. D., 94Gage, F. H., 21Galassetti, P., 169Galderisi, S., 190, 191Gallager, C. L., 197Gallese, V., 206Gambassi, G., 59Gamst, A., 39, 212Gandhi, N., 170Gao, S., 217Garcia-Segura, L. M., 73Gaub, M., 6, 91, 93, 115Gauvin, L., 8, 202Genel, M., 116Genton, P., 149, 158, 159Gershon, J., 6, 93, 107, 115Geschwind, N., 139Gibbs, R. B., 218Giedd, J. A., 24, 25, 38, 39, 40, 95Giedd, J. N., 12, 13, 15, 22, 23, 98, 99, 212Gillberg, C., 7, 93, 188, 191, 192, 193, 196,
197, 205Gillberg, I. C., 7, 93, 188, 191, 192, 193, 196,
197, 205Gillis, J. J., 139Gilman, S. E., 199Girard, D., 79Girton, L. E., 213Gittelman, R., 94Glezer, I. I., 24, 42Gobrogge, K. L., 185, 189, 200Goldenberg, D. L., 170Goldklang, D., 179Goldman, H., 77Goldman, L., 116Goldman-Rakic, P. S., 39, 74, 95
Goldstein, J. M., 25, 47, 52, 53, 54, 55, 72Gomez, R., 104Goodyear, R., 93Gordon, I., 104, 107, 181Gordon, M., 104, 107, 181Gorski, R. A., 25Gough, P. B., 133Gould, E., 20Gowers, S., 179Goyette, C. H., 92Grace, O., 107, 108–114Grady, C. L., 59Grady, D., 217Grafton, S. T., 48Graybiel, A. M., 23Gray matter
histopathologic studies, 213regional and non-linear changes in, 22volume loss in, 212
Greydanus, D. E., 185Grigorenko, E., 141Gromadzka, G., 75Gronwall, D., 106Groswasser, Z., 71, 79, 80Growth spurts in brain development, 12Grunwald, N., 192Guanafacine, antihypertensive, 117Guite, J., 18Gunnar, M. R., 20Gunning-Dixon, F. M., 25Gupta, S., 158Gur, R. C., 25, 31, 44, 48, 49, 50, 51, 54, 55,
119, 138Gurtoo, S. A., 158
HHagit, B., 169Hall, E. D., 71, 74Halliday, G. M., 25, 54, 147Hall, J., 91Hall, K. S., 217Hallmayer, J., 117Hallowell, E., 126Halmi, K. A., 183Hamburg, P., 199Hampson, E., 157Hamsher, K. D., 183, 192Handa, R. J., 47Handedness in males and females, 43Hanford, R. B., 115Harasty, J., 25, 54, 139Harden, C. L., 154, 155Harris, G. J., 115
322 Index
Harrison-Felix, C., 79Hartman, C. A., 91Hartung, C. M., 96Harvey, D., 77Haslum, M. N., 137Hatazawa, J., 44Hauser, P., 53Hauser, S. L., 171Hawke, J. L., 138, 139Heaton, R. K., 196Hebert, L. E., 59Hedlund, S., 180Helde, G., 154Hellhammer, D. H., 169Henderson, V. W., 217, 218Hendren, R., 188Hendrie, H. C., 217Henker, B., 95, 116Herlitz, A., 216Herndon, J. G., 74Hervey, A. S., 119Herzog, D. B., 150, 152, 153, 154, 161, 177,
178, 179, 180, 182, 184, 185, 187,199, 204
Hesselink, J. R., 38Hess, E. V., 97Hier, D. B., 25Hier, D. L., 139Highley, J. R., 53Hill, D., 214Hill, E., 217Hindmarsh, G. J., 75Hinshaw, S. P., 96, 107, 115Hippocampus
hormonal effects on, 40regions, female brain regions, 25volume, genders with age, 39
Hirshfield-Becker, D. A., 19Hisama, 218HIV/AIDS mother and prenatal brain
development in child, 17–18Hoek, H. W., 7, 177, 180Hoffman, N. M., 75, 97Hoffman, S. W., 58Hofman, A., 59Hoien, T., 140Holbrook, T. L., 69, 70, 77Holdnack, J. A., 119Holliday, J., 177, 178, 189, 196Hollingsworth-Fridlund, P., 69Holmes, C. S., 94Holmes, A. H., 141, 163
Hormonal aging role in males, 218See also Aging process
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), 217Horn, H., 52, 53, 72Horn, J. L., 215Howell, C. T., 92, 104Hoyt, D. B., 69, 70, 77Hoyt, E. A., 197Hoza, J., 117Huang-Pollock, C. L., 91Huang, Y., 91, 172Hulst, L. K., 79Human brain morphometry, time course of
events in determination, 13Humphreys, G. W., 192Hurn, P. D., 75Huttenlocher, P., 12, 17, 21Huttenlocher, P. R., 38Hynd, G., 37, 42, 91, 93, 94, 131, 140Hypoplasia women in ovaries, 39Hypoxemia, 18–19Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE),
18–19
IIlias, L., 168Intelligence/achievement tests, 104–105Isthmus in network system, 25
JJack, C. R. Jr., 49Jacobs, B. L., 21, 22Jacobsen, L. K., 99Janowsky, J., 103Janowsky, J. S., 45Jassy, J. S., 96Jernigan, T. L., 38, 39, 212Jette, N., 149, 151, 152, 154, 155, 161Johansen, S., 150Johansson, M., 192Johnson, J. R., 135, 155, 161Johnston, C., 31Johnstone, B., 77, 83Johnston, J., 92Jones, D. W., 12, 31, 139, 157, 158, 159Jonides, J., 48Jons, P. H., 41Juottonen, K., 59Juraska, J. M., 46, 71Justice, A. J., 117
KKabani, N. J., 44Kahn, R. S., 52
Index 323
Kajantie, E., 168Kallai, J., 47Kamphaus, R., 105Kampman, M. T., 150Kantrowitz, L., 131Kaplan, B., 154, 157, 158, 159, 160Kaplan, E., 97, 106Kaplan, J., 69Kaye, J. A., 45, 213Kaye, W., 185Keck, P. E., 169Keel, P. K., 180, 204Kellam, S. G., 101Kelley, D. B., 39Kelly, K. L., 116Kenealy, P. M., 57Kennedy, D. N., 24, 35, 38Keren, O., 71, 80Kessler, R. C., 105Key, A., 121, 168, 181, 188, 190Kidron, D., 59Kigar, D. L., 24, 42, 43Killestein, J., 57Kim, J. H. Y., 46Kim, K. L., 39Kimura, D., 25Kirkness, C. J., 76Kirschbaum, C., 169Kjeldsen, M. J., 151Klein, P., 153Klein, R. G., 94Klimes-Dougan, B., 20Klinefelter’s syndrome, 40Klingberg, T., 119Klump, K. L., 185, 189, 200Knoferl, M. W., 75Koch, S., 171Koenig, H., 172Koeppe, R. A., 48Koff, E., 48Kohle, K., 8Kohler, C. G., 52, 197Kolb, B., 12, 14, 15, 72Koutzoukis, C., 80Kramer, E., 106Kraus, E., 71Kraus, J. F., 79Kril, J. J., 25, 54, 139Krone, B., 171Krupenia, Z., 117Kudielka, B. M., 169Kulynych, J. J., 31, 139Kurkowska-Jastrzebska, I., 75
LLearning disabilities (LD), 131
and ADHD, 97Levels of emotional awareness scale (LEAS),
197Local cerebral metabolic rates for glucose
(LCMRglc) in normal children, 21Lyon, C. R., 131
MMale brains, 25
volume, 39Maternal drug and/or alcohol abuse, developing
fetal and infant brain, 18Math Concepts and applications subtest from
KTEA-II, 111Medical schools graduates, physical and social
functioning, 3Memory retrieval speed, decrements in, 214Mental processing speed, decrements in, 214Milnacipran (Ixel), antidepressant medications,
170Modafanil wake-promoting agent, 117Multimodal treatment study of children with
ADHD (MTA), 116Multiple sclerosis (MS), 57, 170
gadolinium-enhancing lesions and genderin, 58
genetic factors, 171pregnancy in multiple sclerosis (PRIMS)
study, 171–172treatment for, 172–173
Myelination, 38
NNadeau, K. G., 6, 92, 93, 104, 105, 116, 120,
121Navantrone drug treatment, 173Nelson-Denny reading test, 110, 113Neurogenesis, 12–13Neuroimaging techniques
computed tomography, 32diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), 36functional MRI
blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD)signal, 35
magnetic resonance imaging, 32–35methodological issues, 36–38
Neuropsychology practice, sex and genderdifferences in
aging, 6–7attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD), 5–6
324 Index
Neuropsychology practice (cont.)brain development and traumatic brain
injury, 4chronic illness, 4–5dyslexia, 5eating disorders, 7–8
Neurulation, 14
OObsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), 188,
196Opposite-sex twin pair, 45Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), 96Orbitofrontal cortex lesions, study with rhesus
monkeys, 74Oxcarbazepine, 156
PPaced auditory serial addition test (PASAT),
110Paganini-Hill, A., 217Paidas, C. N., 75Pallie, W., 54Pandina, J., 188Pantelis, C., 53Paradiso, M. A., 14Parellada, E., 57Parker, J., 197Parker, J. D. A., 197Parkinson’s disease, in males, 220Park, R. M., 220Passe, T. J., 46Patel, D. P., 185Pathological aging, 216Patterson, R., 117Paulsen, J. S., 59Pearlson, G., 48Pearson, J., 179, 180, 189, 190Pedersen, E. B., 47Peek-Asa, C., 71, 79Pelham, W. E., 117Penner, J. D., 18Pennington, B. F., 91Penovich, P. E., 152Peters, J. D., 20Petrides, M., 48Petrill, S. A., 217Pettigrew, L. C., 71Pfefferbaum, A., 38, 212Pfiffner, L. J., 91Phelps, L., 7, 177, 178, 179, 180, 186Phelps, M. E., 1, 12Phenobarbital antiepileptic agents, 156Phenytoin antiepileptic agents, 156
Phillips, D. W., 168Phillips, E. L., 185Phillips, J. A., 102Phillips, T., 185Pickar, D., 56Picton, T. W., 101Placebo-controlled clinical trial (POPARTMUS
study), 172–173Plasticity, 21
See also Brain developmentPliszka, S. R., 37, 40, 100, 117Pohl, D., 171Pohl, P. S., 48Polman, C. H., 57Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), 154–155Potenza, B. M., 69Powr, T. J., 91Pozzili, C., 173Pratt, H. D., 185Pregabalin (Lyrica), 170Pregnancy and women with epilepsy
seizure control during, 158–159valproate monotherapy, 159–160
Pretta, S., 173Primidone antiepileptic agents, 156Processing speed hypothesis for cognitive
aging, 215Progesterone, 217Purpura, D. P., 15
QQuadflieg, N., 179, 180, 181, 186, 187Quay, H. C., 92Quinlan, D. M., 197Quinn, P. O., 6, 92, 93, 97, 105, 116, 120, 121,
104
RRabinowicz, T., 72Raine, A., 48Raine, A. U., 53Rajapakse, J. C., 39Rakic, P., 14, 39, 74, 95Ransil, B. J., 153Ransohoff, R. M., 171Rapin, I., 18Rapoport, J. L., 39Rapoport, S. I., 213Rappley, M. D., 91Rapport, M. D., 116Rapp, S. R., 103, 217Rassovsky, Y., 80Rastam, M., 192Rastam, M., 7, 180, 188
Index 325
Ratey, J., 118Ray, S. L., 180Reading disabilities (RD), 5Reba, L., 177Rebif interferons, 173Regani, N., 173Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., 177Reimers, A., 154Reiss, A. L., 39Reitan, R., 106Reitan, R. M., 14, 15, 106Resnick, S. M., 44, 45, 218Reynolds, C. R., 105Reynolds C. R., 105Rey-Osterreith Complex Figure design, 109Rhee, S. H., 91, 214, 215Riccio, C. A., 91Richardson, W., 97Richards, S. C., 170Richelme, C., 24Riddoch, M. J., 192Right parietal regions, female brain regions, 25Riikonen, R. S., 18Ripich, D. N., 217Risberg, J., 51Rivara, J. M., 79Rizzolatti, G., 206Rogers, M. J. C., 57Rogers, Y. M., 75Rohatgi, A., 158Roof, R. L., 71, 74Rose, A. B., 38, 40Rose, S. P., 12Rossell, S. L., 54Ross, J. L., 39Rossy, L. A., 170Rostasy, K., 171Rosval, L., 193, 202, 203Rothbart, M. K., 94Rothman, M., 54Rubia, K., 100Rubinow, D. R., 73Rucklidge, J., 105, 107Rucklidge, J. J., 96Ruff, H., 94Ruitenberg, A., 59Russell, G. F. M., 181Russell, J., 170Russell, R. L., 93Russler, K. J., 169Rutland-Brown, W., 69Rutterford, N. A., 77, 80Rutter, M., 103
SSadowsky, D., 42Safer, D., 97Saka, 23Salat, D., 45Salthouse, T. A., 214, 215, 216Same-sex twins, 45Sami. N., 96Sandberg-Wollheim, M., 173Sanz, J., 65Saramma, P. P., 160Sarma, P. S., 160Sarzi-Puttini, P., 169Scahill, R. I., 213SCAN-A test of auditory processing, 109Schellenbert, 218Scherr, P. A., 59Schizophrenia
brain volume and, 53–54frontal lobes, 54–55limbic system, emotions, 55neuroimaging in, 56–57temporal lobes, memory and language, 54volumetric MRI, 52–53
Schlaeper, T. E., 25Schlaepfer, T. E., 31, 47Schleicher, A., 38Schmidt, P. J., 73Schmidt, U., 73Scholten, M. R. M., 52Schommer, N. C., 169Schopp, L., 77Schopp, L. H., 83Schoughency, E. A., 91Schultz, R. T., 42Schwacha, M. G., 75Schwartz, G. E., 197Schweitzer, J. B., 115Scott, D. L., 170Seed, J. A., 190, 191, 193, 194, 195, 198Seibert, P. S., 77Seidell, J.C., 7, 177Seizures and epilepsy, 152–153Semah, F., 149Semple, W. E., 56Semrud-Clikeman, M (1989), 42Semrud-Clikeman, M (1990), 37, 99Semrud-Clikeman, M (1992), 97Semrud-Clikeman, M (2006), 37, 40Semrud-Clikeman, M (2007), 20, 131Senechal, M., 141Sergeant, J., 93Serotonin (5-HT), 200–201
326 Index
Serum antiseizure medication, 152Sex differences in activation during cognitive
tasksemotion processing, 51language areas of female brain, 50–51
Sexual dimorphism, 45–47aging, 49–50parietal lobes, 48sex hormones, 47temporal lobes, 48
Shallice, T., 101Shapleske, J., 54Share, D. L., 137, 138, 169, 196, 203Sharma, S. K., 158Sharp, W., 12Shaver, J. L., 168Shaywitz, B. A., 50, 56Shaywitz, S. E., 131, 132, 133, 134, 135Shekim, W. O., 97Shenker, R., 94Shepard, K. N., 87, 105Shepherd, G. M., 13Shin, M. R., 138Shipton, E. A., 169Sholl, S. A., 39Shumaker, S. A., 217Sicotte, N., 172Sidenius, P., 151Siega, A., 177Siegel, L. S., 131, 132, 137Silva, P. A., 137, 138Simos, P. G., 132, 135, 136Singer, H. S., 39Skolnick, B. E., 51Slanetz, P. J., 116Sliwinski, M., 215Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT), 91Smallish, I., 97Smith, A., 48, 57, 202Smith, A. B., 100Smith, E. E., 48Smith, G., 204, 212, 213Smith, M. J., 73Smith, S. S., 217, 218Smythe, I. S., 132, 137SNAP-IV behavior checklist, 111Snowling, M. J., 133, 134Snyder, A. Z., 213Society for women’s health research and
medical health research in women,2
Sodersten, P., 178, 190Solden, S., 93, 95
Sommer, I. E. C., 52, 56Sowell, E. R., 25, 39Spear, L. P., 17, 24Spencer, T., 93, 97, 105, 116Spencer, T. J., 117Spira, D. A., 138Spira, E. G., 94, 95Spontaneous writing task from TOWL–3, 111Sprafkin, J., 94Spreen, O., 106, 192Staller, J., 93, 96, 97Stanwix, A. E., 169Stapleton, L. M., 131Steiger, H., 8, 177, 178, 179, 181, 185, 199,
200, 201, 202Stein, D. G., 58, 74Steinglass, J. E., 8, 187, 188, 189, 195, 196Steinhausen, C., 180, 187Stein M., 72, 73, 74, 75, 78, 80Stenvold, H., 150Stern, Y., 82, 137, 196, 199, 219Stevenson, D., 139Stewart, M. A., 94Stewart, S. T., 216Stokes, T. F., 116Striegel-Moore, R. H., 179Strober, M., 185Stroop color-naming test for attention, 193Stroop, J. R., 192, 193, 194, 203, 205Stroup, T., 71Studd, J. W., 57Studies. In, 53, 100, 180Sturges, J., 117Stuss, D. T., 101Subic-Wrana, C., 8, 197, 198Superior temporal gyrus (STG), 23Swanson, L., 105Sweeney, J. A., 35, 38Sylvian fissure, 43–44Symbol digit modalities test (SDMT), 202Symptomatology, 8Synaptic pruning, 17Synaptic rearrangement, 19–20Szekely, C. A., 44
TTakahashi, T., 55Talairach, J., 38Tallal, P. A., 38Tan, N. C. K., 151Tannhauser, P. P., 184Tannock, R., 105, 107Tate, D., 169
Index 327
Taupin, P., 74Taylor, E., 94, 100Taylor, G. J., 197Tchanturia, K., 7, 177, 178, 181, 183, 184, 188,
189, 190, 194, 198, 201, 204, 205Telencephalon, 15Temporal lobes, 23Test of memory and learning (TOMAL), 109Tettenborn, B., 151, 154, 156, 157, 158, 159,
160Thacker, S. B., 69Thomas, K. E., 69, 157, 160Thomas, S. V., 8, 197Thomas, W., 8, 69, 157, 160, 197Thyroid hormone, 102Tindall, G. A., 138Titus, J. B., 19Tomassini, V., 58Toone, B., 100Topiramate, 156Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) for
alexithymia, 197Tournoux, P., 38Trail making test, 110Tranel, D., 215Tran, T., 154, 157, 158, 159, 160Traumatic brain injury (TBI), 69–71
women and, 4Trauner, D. A., 38, 39Treasure, J., 7, 177, 204Trinka, E., 149Tsigos, C., 169Tsuang, M. T., 18Tunmer, W. E., 133Turetsky, B. I., 25, 48, 54Turk, C. L., 197Turner, T. H., 167Type 1 helper T-cells (Th1) and type 2 helper
T-cells (Th2), anti-inflammatoryresponses, 172
UUher, R., 185, 188Uitdehaag, B. M., 58Ulrich, R. F., 92
VVadlamudi, L., 54Vaituzis, A. C., 39Vajda, F. J. E., 149, 159Valproate sodium medication, 155Van Goozen, S. H. M., 45Van Hoeken, D., 7, 177, 180Van Praag, H., 21
Van Swieten, J. C., 59Varney, N. R., 192Verbal comprehension index, 110Vermetten, E., 70Verreault, M., 74Vinayan, K. R., 161Vladar, K., 31, 54Volpe, A. G., 19Von Knorring, L., 170Vukusic, S., 57, 171, 172
WWaber, D. P., 26, 106Wadsworth, S. J., 138Wagner, A., 187Walder, D. J., 54Walhovd, K. B., 212Walker, J. L., 117Walker, P. A., 197Walker, W., 76Walsh, B. T., 8, 187, 188, 189, 195, 196Walter, R., 70Ward, A., 45Waserman, D. H., 169Wassermann, E. M., 73Watts, A. G., 190Weatherby, S. J., 58Weaver, I. C., 20Webb, C. R., 79Weber, W., 93Wechsler, A. F., 101, 110Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–III’s
(WISC-III), 101Weinberger, D. R., 12, 31, 139Weiner, K., 179Weiss, T., 94, 96Welge, J. A., 169Wendt, P. E., 51Wentz, E., 7, 188Westerhausen, R., 46Whalen, C. K., 95, 116Wheeler, T. J., 137Whishaw, I. Q., 12, 15, 72White matter (WM), 212Whittle, C., 216Wilens, T., 93, 97Wilens, T. E., 117Wilkerson, D. S., 19Williams, S., 92, 186Winstein, C. J., 48Wirth, M., 140Wisconsin Card Sort test (WCST) for OCD,
196
328 Index
Witelson, S. F., 24, 25, 26, 31, 38, 42, 43, 44,45, 54, 139
Wolfe, F., 168Wolfson, D., 14, 15, 106Women brain
DSM-IV criteria and ADHD, 92emotion processing in, 51language areas of, 50–51tighter packing of neurons, 44traumatic brain injury (TBI) in, 4, 69–71
hormone replacement therapy (HRT)in, 74–75
Women’s Health Care Competencies forMedical Students, 3
Women’s health care competencies projectof association of professors ofgynecology and obstetrics, 1
Women’s health initiative (WHI) study, 217Wong, H. B., 73Wood, R. L., 77, 80Woodruff, P. W. R., 54Wood, S. J., 53Woodward, H., 80Woodward, H. R., 76, 80Working memory (WM), 195
training, 119Wright, I. C., 53Wrigley, M., 79
XXiao, B., 172
YYerby, M. S., 149Yoels, W., 79Yotsutsuji, T., 53Young, A. H., 190Youngstrom, E. A., 107Youth self-report YSR form, 112
ZZametkin, A. J., 41, 98, 99Zandian, M., 178Zandi, P. P., 178Zaucha, K., 97Zeilin, S. B., 197Zelinski, E. M., 216Zhang, Z., 219Zilles, K., 38Zilmer, E., 106Zimprich, D., 216Zohar, A. H., 181Zonderman, A. B., 44Zoroya, G., 70Zupanc, M. L., 158, 159, 161
