Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Page i
APPLICATION FOR SMALL RESEARCH GRANTS (normally up to £12,000 or part thereof)TENOVUS SCOTLAND exists to foster high quality research within the health care professions in Scotland and invites applications for grants in Medicine, Dentistry, the Medical Sciences and allied professions. Preference is given to innovative, patient-related projects and particularly to preliminary “pump priming “ studies, which are thought likely to lead to subsequent funding from major grant-giving bodies. Applications from investigators lacking other substantive support in the early stages of a new project are particularly encouraged. Support is mainly provided for the purchase of equipment for research and/or running costs although, from time to time when funds are available, applications may be invited for salary support or for research studentships. All projects must have a clear research component and fall within the general areas of clinical or medical science. All applications will be submitted to detailed peer review. Applications that fail to provide evidence of appropriate ethical permission, or statistical justification for sample/cohort sizes (where appropriate) will not be considered further. Funding is not available for equipment for routine patient care or for assessment of new products, which the manufacturer might be expected to finance.
CONDITIONS GOVERNING RESEARCH GRANTS1. Each application must be accompanied by a brief explanation setting out in layman’s terms the proposed research and its objectives. Failure to provide a concise and plain English translation could well prejudice your application 2. Six months from start-up, an Interim Report should be submitted, then on completion of the project, grant holders will submit to the local Regional Committee a Final Report ( including copies of publications) on the work supported by TENOVUS SCOTLAND.
3. In all articles or papers published in the medical and scientific press, national or regional press, or through radio and or tv interviews, based on researches supported by TENOVUS SCOTLAND due mention must be made of this support.
4. Any substantial piece of equipment provided at the expense of TENOVUS SCOTLAND shall be provided with a plaque indicating that it has been donated by TENOVUS SCOTLAND. Any such equipment should not be disposed of without prior reference to TENOVUS SCOTLAND.
5. Grants are issued on the basis of the sum agreed at the time of acceptance and will not be increased to take account of inflation, salary increases, superannuation contributions, or for any other reason .
6. We do not support work which, is not properly certificated
7. Acceptance of a Grant is conditional on our receiving one original hard copy and one Word document submitted electronically of the Interim Progress Report six months from the commencement date of the project, followed by a Final Report on completion of the work. Copies of any published papers in respect of the research project should also be supplied. This information is required as part of the audit trail and consideration for the
Sir Robin MacLellan Travel Award. (GAF June 14)
Page ii
8. Failure to submit a Final report will result in escalation to the Head of Department and/or the Dean of the Faculty. If this is unsuccessful, no further applications for funding by Tenovus Scotland will be considered until a Final Report is provided.
We reserve the right to use your Application to seek external funding from other Trusts, only the location and lay presentation would be used. If this is not acceptable to you, please indicate in your initial submission.
ADDRESS FOR LODGEMENT OF APPLICATIONPlease forward the completed Application Form (One original hard copy and one Word document submitted electronically) based on your postal code:-
POSTAL CODES
EH, FK, TD, to:- Mrs K Rich Edinburgh Regional Secretary TENOVUS SCOTLAND 8 Queens Avenue South EDINBURGH EH4 2BU
Email: [email protected]
CLOSING DATES 15th SEPTEMBER each year. Please allow approximately 4 months from closing date for the results
DO NOT FORGET TO SUBMIT AN INTERIM AND FINAL REPORT (Draft layout attached) TO ENABLE PAYMENT OF THE GRANT and TO QUALIFY FOR The Sir Robin MacLellan Travel Award. This award of up to £3000 will be made annually based on the Researchers FINAL REPORT judged to have achieved most merit.
For survey purposes, please keep us informed of any changes in your e-mail address for a period of 10 years after submission of your Final report.
Please retain these two pages until submission of your Interim & Final Report.
(GAF June 14)
Page 1APPLICATION FORM
(One original hard copy and one Word document submitted electronically)
SECTION A___________________________________________________________________________1.A Name(s) of applicant(s): Tel. No(s)
Mr. David C. G. Sainsbury 0791 944 5898Dr. Felicity V. Mehendale 0798 096 4991Mr. Patrick AddisonProf. Robert B. Fisher 0131 651 3441Mr. David Fynn 0131 536 0643Dr. Kevin McCarthyDr. Donald UrquhartChris WilliamsAmos Storkey 0131 651 1208
1.B Applicants e-mail address:
[email protected]@mac.com [email protected]@[email protected]@[email protected]@inf.ed.ac.uk
_____________________________________________________________________2. Department(s) and Address(es):
Cleft Lip & Palate Service, East of ScotlandRoyal Hospital for Sick Children, EdinburghEH9 1LF, UK
Department of Plastic SurgeryRoyal Hospital for Sick Children, EdinburghEH9 1LF, UK
Department of Pain and Paediatric AnaesthesiaRoyal Hospital for Sick Children, EdinburghEH9 1LF, UK
Paediatric Respiratory and Sleep MedicineRoyal Hospital for Sick Children, EdinburghEH9 1LF, UK
Institute for Adaptive and Neural Computation
School of Informatics, Univ. of EdinburghInformatics Forum, 10 Crichton St, Edinburgh EH8 9AB, UK
_____________________________________________________________________3. a) Title of Research Project:
Clinical Application of Eulerian Video Magnification to monitor tissue perfusion, ventilation and airway patency.
__________________ b) “Lay Title”(short title indicating to a non-specialist in the field the type of research proposed and what medical/scientific problem may thus be illuminated. i.e. usually “ Methodology + Disease”.)
Digital enhancement of colour and movement in video recordings to monitor blood flow and breathing in human subjects with a variety of conditions
____________________________________________________________________4. An abstract of the proposed research in terms capable of being considered by lay members of the TENOVUS SCOTLAND Regional Committee. The comprehension and impact of this paragraph is vital to your interests since it will be compared competitively with others by the largely lay final selection committee. In the event of the grant being awarded the abstract may also be used for press release.
IntroductionEulerian Video Magnification describes the ability of computer software to amplify changes in colour and movement in digital video. These changes can then be viewed in an enhanced version of the video. Scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), USA have used this colour enhancement to demonstrate a ‘microblush’, the alternating skin colour change between pink and white as the pulsatile wave of blood flows across the face. Theses scientists have also enhanced movement within a video to magnify the pulsation of the radial artery at the wrist so that it’s pulsation is clearly visible. The technology company Philips have developed software, available on smartphones, allowing this ‘microblush’ to be converted into a pulse rate. The same smartphone software uses this technology to measure the subject’s respiratory rate based on a video recording. Whilst these novel techniques are exciting no one has applied them to a solid clinical application. Based on the ability to enhance colour and movement we believe Eulerian Video Magnification offers a diverse range of truly revolutionary, non-invasive, efficient and cost-effective clinical capabilities. We are proposing to perform a proof of concept study before commencing clinical studies.
Monitoring Tissue PerfusionAll tissues within the human body require blood to provide nutrients and oxygen and remove the waste products from cellular metabolism. Should blood flow cease to a particular area then the cells in affected tissues, including the skin, muscle, fat and bone, undergo irreversible changes and will die in as little as 4-6 hours. Blood flow may be restricted as a result of injury such as a crush, burn or amputation. In such situations it is imperative to distinguish between viable and non-viable tissue and remove via surgical or non-surgical means the non-viable tissue. Leaving dead tissue behind can lead to infection and poor scarring (which can be unsightly and lead to functional problems such as loss of movement and pain). Conversely removing excess viable tissue is at best a waste of resources but may also lead to larger reconstructive procedures and can compromise function, particularly if the injured area involves critical areas such as the hands or face. Altered blood flow may also occur because a reconstructive surgeon wishes to transfer one part of the body to another and keep alive the transfer piece of tissue by re-establishing its blood supply using microsurgery to reconnect its small blood vessels at another site in the body (known as free tissue transfer or free flap surgery). This may occur for example during breast reconstruction following a mastectomy when the skin and fat from the abdomen can be moved and reattached the bloods vessels in the chest to allow recreation of a new breast. Another example would be following reattachment of an amputated body part, such as a finger, using microsurgery to connect the divided blood vessels and re-establish blood flow. In all such situations it is important to monitor the blood supply to the reattached or transferred tissues. Should the blood flow become suboptimal then there is a window of a couple of hours in which the situation can be rectified by a further operation to improve the blood flow. If this window is missed then the tissue undergoes the irreversible changes and dies resulting in the loss of the tissue, whether that be the reconstructed breast or reattached finger. There will then be a need for further surgery to remove the dead tissue and possibly a further reconstructive procedure depending on the patient’s wishes.
Current methods of monitoring tissue perfusion are clinical and non-clinical. Clinical methods typically involve looking and feeling the skin (healthy skin is generally pink, warm and blanches when pressed). Non-clinical methods involve use of a handheld Doppler device to “listen” to the pulse of blood flowing through the tissue or use of an implantable needle into the tissue to measure its various components in the blood. Generally, these techniques work well but they are far from perfect. In particular they require a great deal of experience to be accurately interpreted and can be falsely reassuring (ie the tissue may be compromised or dead yet the monitoring method appears to show the tissue is still alive). In certain situations it is very difficult to monitor flaps clinically as the skin may be very pale or very dark (consequently it is difficult to see the skin blanching), the flap may be buried under the skin or is within a cavity, such as the mouth (so the flap can not be seen or is difficult to visualise) or the flap does not contain skin at all but contains muscle or bone. Sometimes it is so difficult to monitor a flap that the only resort for the clinician is to stab or scratch the skin with a needle to see if it bleeds. We believe Eulerian Video magnification would allow an easier way of assessing of blood flow in tissues as the ‘microblush’ could be seen passing across the tissue which has a good blood supply and is therefore alive. This technology could be applied to free flap monitoring and to distinguishing between non-viable and viable tissue in traumatic injuries.
Sleep Studies and Monitoring of General AnaesthesiaFor babies on a special care baby unit in an incubator vital signs, including breathing, blood oxygen saturation and heart rate are traditionally measured by sensors and electrodes stuck to the skin. This may traumatise the delicate neonatal skin with potential ensuing infection and scarring. Furthermore, the wires interfere with the care and hinder the parents holding and touching, and therefore bonding with, their baby. Eulerian Video magnification offers the possibility of providing non-invasive monitoring these vital signs. Such technology could also be applied to airway assessment and breathing new born babies with potential implications for monitoring for cot death / sudden infant death syndrome and assessing breath in babies born with a small lower jaw, such as in found in Pierre Robin sequence.
Chronic Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a poorly understood condition in which the affected individual experiences persistent severe and debilitating pain. The majority of cases of CRPS are triggered by an injury, however the subsequent pain is much more severe and long-lasting than normal. The pain is usually confined to one limb, but may spread to other parts of the body. The skin of the affected body part can become so sensitive that just a slight touch, bump or even a change in temperature can provoke intense pain. Affected areas can also become swollen, stiff or undergo fluctuating changes in colour or temperature. Many cases of CRPS gradually improve to some degree over time, or get completely better. However, some cases of CRPS never go away, and the affected person will experience pain for many years. Diagnosis of CRPS is challenging and consequently appropriate management is difficult. We believe that CRPS could be better diagnosed by using the principles of Eulerian Video Magnification to enhance the colour changes seen and other skin manifestations due to alterations of sympathetic nervous system.
SummaryEulerian video magnification offers the ability to perform such monitoring and investigation non-invasively of tissue perfusion and vital signs such as heart rate and breathing by simple video-recording. This is likely to be cost-effective and could be implemented in the third world via smartphone technology. Consequently, we believe such technology is truly revolutionary. Monitoring would probably be cheaper, could be done remotely, non-invasively (without the need for stickers, insertion of needles or probes), and could be deployed in austere conditions or areas with minimal resources. Initial proof of concept studies are required before continuing with further clinical studies.
_____________________________________________________________________For TENOVUS SCOTLAND Use Only:Application No. ....................... Approval Yes/No .....................Date received by:- Date ......................Region ........................ Applicant advised ......………Submitted to LSAC ........................ Date of first payment ..................Submitted to GS/NSAC......................... Date of final payment ................ NSAC approval: ......................... Total amount paid .............….
Folio No/s ………………………. (GAF June 14)
Page 2_____________________________________________________________________5. Abstract (scientific) of research project:
IntroductionOxygenated blood flow is vital to keep tissues alive. Injury or surgery may compromise the blood flow to tissues. Current monitoring techniques may be imprecise or invasive. Eulerian video magnification offers non-invasive enhancement of colour or movement. This has potential wide ranging clinical applications including monitoring of free tissue transfer, determining tissue viability in traumatic injuries including burns, non-invasive monitoring of breathing and heart rate in neonates, assessment of complex regional pain syndrome based on vascular and sympathetic changes.
AimTo magnify subtle yet informative signals in videos that are difficult or impossible to see with the naked eye. These signals can be visually displayed as an enhanced video or analysed to extract vitals signs including heart rate and respiration rate. In doing so we aim to provide proof of concept of Eulerian Video Magnification to monitor tissue perfusion and heart rate before commencing clinical studies.
MethodsSix adult volunteers will be assessed under standard conditions within a room temperature of 21 degrees at normal atmospheric pressure at the Clinical Research Facility, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh. The subjects will be allowed to acclimatise by remaining seated for 30 minutes prior to assessment. During the assessment the subject will be seated with both forearms fully exposed and placed volar surface upper most resting on a table in front of them. A digital video camera will be mounted on a tripod directly above the subject’s forearms. The subject’s arm will be illuminated with white LED light. All extraneous light sources and external light sources will be minimised (curtains closed). A standard pulse oximeter will be attached to a digit on both limbs and attached to a recordable Philips clinical monitor device. The pulse oximeter provides information on pulse rate and blood oxygen saturation. Four dots will be made of the volar aspect of the proximal, non-hair bearing area of skin on the forearm to form a square with 5cm sides (these points provide a reference point for video assessment). A video sample will be obtained for 1 minute of the volar aspect of one forearm. A tourniquet will be applied to the limb and inflated to 100mmHg. A further one minute of video will be captured. The tourniquet will be then be inflated to 200mmHg for one minute and 300mmHg for a further minute with acquisition of video footage. The process will be repeated on the contralateral limb. The times of commencement of the video will be recorded as will the times of tourniquet inflation and pressure increase. The time stamped data from both pulse oximetry machines will be downloaded. The videos will be sent to the Informatics Forum for analysis. The information from the pulse oximetry device will
be downloaded to allow for contemporaneous assessment of pulse rate and blood oxygen saturation from the limb with the tourniquet and the control limb.
Analysis of ResultsThe raw clinical video will be transferred to the Informatics Forum and undergo Eulerian Video Magnification. In the first instance the video will be enhanced for colour and movement to assess the presence of blood flow correlated against the degree of vessel occlusion from the tourniquet and the pulse oximetry recording (presence of pulse in digit and oxygen saturation of blood).
_____________________________________________________________________6. Total cost and duration of project:
1 year£5000 for software to allow downloading of data from Philips clinical monitor (heart rate and oxygen saturation of blood)Following analysis of pilot data acquired from 6 volunteers, we will develop algorithms for analysis of clinical data, using the above equipment.
_____________________________________________________________________
7. Justification of request for support from TENOVUS SCOTLAND:
We believe this study promises to deliver high quality research within healthcare and demonstrates collaboration amongst a number of health disciplines within in Scotland.
Furthermore, this is a highly innovative, patient-related project for which we would like to apply for “pump priming”. We believe that this study demonstrate the Eulerian Video Magnification proof of principle it is highly likely that subsequent funding from major grant-giving bodies will be attained.
We recognise that Tenovus Scotland particularly encourages applications from projects in the early stages and we would welcome their support in commencing this study which we believe has wide-reaching and significant healthcare ramifications. Consequently, this is likely to seed many further exciting research projects.
(GAF June 14)
Page 3______________________________________________________________ Funds Requested:
Equipment items and cost:Software to download data from Philips clinical monitor £5000Arri Junior 650 plus 3 head fresnel kit at £2000 Calumet 3m light stand x2 £50 each £100 Nikon D8100 body £2349Nikkor 24-120 lens £730Tripod manfrotto 190 carbon £229128RC fluid head at £59Zoom H6 audio recorder £400Rode shotgun mic NTG2 £150Manfrotto boomstand £280data cards/mic adapter £100
Consumables:
Other (specify):Clinical Research Facility Research Nurse costs at £21/hour for 28 hours = £588
Total £11,985 Other sources of funds applied for in relation to this project and/or amounts promised/obtained:We will fund the costs of consumables from our departmental budgetAnalysis time will be funded from departmental budgets
___________________________________________________________________
Certificate of Finance Officer of administering InstitutionI confirm that this Institution will administer any grant made in respect of this application.
Signature of Finance Officer: ................................................................Name in BLOCK CAPITALS: ................................................................Date: ...................................
Name of Administering Institution: .............................................................................
Address: ............................................................................. ............................................................................. ..............................................................................Post Code: ............................ Tel.No: ..............................._____________________________________________________________________
Signature of Applicant(s):If this grant application is successful I/We agree to acknowledge the support from TENOVUS SCOTLAND in any publications or oral communications relating to the project. Logo is available from the General Secretary at: [email protected]
Signature(s) ................................................. ................................................
.................................................. ................…………………….
Date: ...............................
Head of Unit or Consultant:- I agree to supervise this research project.
Name, please print Dr FELICITY V MEHENDALE Signature………………………….(GAF June 14)
Page 4_____________________________________________________________________ C.V. OF CANDIDATE
SECTION B (To be completed by each applicant) _____________________________________________________________________
1. Name: David Sainsbury_____________________________________________________________________2. Present post: & Date of Appointment Training Interface Group Fellow in Advanced Cleft Surgery
_____________________________________________________________________3. Qualifications:
MBBS BMedSci(Hons) MSc FRCS(Plast)_____________________________________________________________________4. Applicant’s publications: (where possible, quote 3 recent publications, preferably relating to the project for which support is sought)
Long-Term Outcomes Following Lower Extremity Sarcoma Resection and Reconstruction with Vascularised Fibula Flaps in a Paediatric Population. Sainsbury DCG, Liu E, Alvarez-Veronesi MC, Ho E, Hopyan S, Zuker RM, Borschel G. Plast Recon Surg 2014;134(4):808-20
Velopharyngoplasty in Patients with 22q11.2 Microdeletion Syndrome: Outcomes following the Newcastle Protocol. Sainsbury DCG, FIlson S, Tahir A, Butterworth S, Hodgkinson PD. Eur J Plast Surg 2013: 36(10):607-618
Intralesional bleomycin injection treatment for Vascular Birthmarks - 5-year experience as a single UK unit. Sainsbury DC, Kessell G, Guhan A, Hampton F & Muir T. Plast Recon Surg 2011; 127(5):2031-2044
5. List of other grant income (current)
Nil
(GAF June 14)
Page 5_____________________________________________________________________SECTION C DETAILS OF RESEARCH PROJECT (Not to exceed four pages)
Details of the project should be given under the headings:-(I) Background to Project(ii) Aims of Project(iii) Methods and Protocol to be Used in the Project(iv) Ethical Committee Permission – essential where required(v) Costing(vi) References_____________________________________________________________________
(i) Background to ProjectOxygenated blood flow is vital to keep tissues alive. Injury or surgery may compromise the blood flow to tissues. Current monitoring techniques may be imprecise or invasive. Eulerian video magnification offers non-invasive enhancement of colour or movement. This has potential wide ranging clinical applications including monitoring of free tissue transfer, determining tissue viability in traumatic injuries including burns, non-invasive monitoring of breathing and heart rate in neonates, assessment of complex regional pain syndrome based on vascular and sympathetic changes.
The human visual system has limited spatio-temporal sensitivity, but many signals that fall below this capacity could be informative and provide important clinical information in managing the aforementioned scenarios. Any tool which analyses these normally invisible signals would be highly beneficial. For example, the colour of human skin varies slightly with blood circulation due to cardiac pulsation. This variation, while invisible to the naked eye, can be exploited to extract pulse rate (Kwon et al. 2012; Wu et al. 2012). Because the subtle colour change can be detected through monitoring the skin image using a digital camera, a pulsatile signal which can be described as photoplethysmographic (PPG) signal can be measured (Jonathan and Martin 2010; Scully et al. 2012). Motion magnification is a technique that acts like a microscope for visual motion. It can amplify subtle motions in a video sequence, allowing for visualization of deformations that would otherwise be invisible (Liu et al. 2005). The method called Eulerian video magnification automatically selects and then amplifies a band of temporal frequencies that includes plausible human heart rates. The amplification reveals the variation of redness as blood flows through the face.
The idea of performing physiological measurements on the face was first postulated by Pavlidis et al. (2007) and later demonstrated through the analysis of facial thermal videos (Garbey et al. 2007; Fei and Pavlidis 2010). Previous attempts have been made to unveil imperceptible motion in videos (Liu et al. 2005). In addition, temporal processing has been used previously to extract invisible signals and to smooth motions. Whilst these studies demonstrated that remote measurements of the cardiac pulse can provide comfortable physiological assessment without electrodes. Poh et al. (2010) extracted a heart rate from a video of a face, based on the temporal variation of
the skin color. Using Bland-Altman and correlation analysis, they compared the cardiac pulse rate extracted from videos recorded by a basic webcam to a finger blood volume pulse (BVP) sensor and achieved high accuracy and correlation even in the presence of movement artifacts. Furthermore, this technique was the first to perform heart rate measurements from three participants simultaneously. This was the first demonstration of a low-cost accurate video-based method for contact-free heart rate measurements that was automated, motion-tolerant and capable of performing concomitant measurements on more than one person at a time.
Based on this idea, Poh et al. (2011) tried to apply independent component analysis (ICA) on video images of the human face to extract the underlying blood volume pressure (BVP) for cardiac pulse rate measurement (2011). Similarly, Lewandowska et al. (2011) obtained the heart rate directly from a webcam with the particular component analysis (PCA.)
Klaessens et al. (2014) development a baby friendly non-contact method for measuring vital signs in seven babies in a neonatal intensive care unit using a sensitive colour video camera and specially developed software, the heart rate was derived from subtle repetitive color changes.
To date however no one has used the principle of Eulerian Video magnification to monitor tissue perfusion in following free tissue transfer or following replantation of a body part. Nor has it been used in to assess adequacy of breathing and ventilation in infants prone to breathing problems such as those with Pierre Robin Sequence or cleft palate.
(ii) Aims of ProjectTo magnify subtle yet informative signals in videos that are difficult or impossible to see with the naked eye. These signals can be visually displayed as an enhanced video or analysed to extract vitals signs including heart rate and respiration rate. In doing so we aim to provide proof of concept of Eulerian Video Magnification to:
a. monitor tissue perfusion and non-perfusion using change in skin colour change in an arm
b. monitor tissue perfusion and non-perfusion using magnification of arterial pulsation in arm
c. determine heart rate based of skin colour changes and magnification of arterial pulsation
These will be conducted before commencing more in depth clinical studies for monitoring free tissue transfer.
(iii) Methods and Protocol to be Used in the ProjectSix adult volunteers will be assessed under standard conditions within a room temperature of 21 degrees at normal atmospheric pressure at the Clinical Research Facility, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh. The subjects will be allowed to acclimatise by remaining seated for 30 minutes prior to assessment. During the assessment the subject will be seated with both forearms fully exposed and placed volar surface upper most resting on a table in front of them. A digital video camera will be mounted on a tripod directly above the subject’s forearms. The subject’s arms will be illuminated with white LED light. All extraneous and ambient light sources and external light sources will be minimised (curtains and doors closed). A standard pulse oximeter will be attached to a digit on both limbs and attached to a recordable
Philips clinical monitor device. The pulse oximeter provides information on pulse rate and blood oxygen saturation. Four dots will be made of the volar aspect of the proximal, non-hair bearing area of skin on the forearm to form a square with 5cm sides (these points provide a region of interest for video assessment). A video sample will be obtained for 1 minute of the volar aspect of one forearm. A tourniquet will be applied to the limb and inflated to 100mmHg. A further one minute of video will be captured. The tourniquet will be then be inflated to 200mmHg for one minute and 300mmHg for a further minute with acquisition of video footage. The process will be repeated on the contralateral limb. The times of commencement of the video will be recorded as will the times of tourniquet inflation and pressure increase. The time stamped data from both pulse oximetry machines will be downloaded. The videos will be analysed in the Informatics Forum.
During the cardiac cycle, the change of volume in the forearm blood vessels causes the subsequent changes in amount of reflected light. The red, green, blue colour sensors pick up the tiny changes and the changes indicate reflected signal. To estimate heart rate and tissue perfusion from recorded videos and reference pulse oximetry data a peak detection algorithm will be developed.
The information from the pulse oximetry device will be downloaded to allow for contemporaneous assessment of pulse rate and blood oxygen saturation from the limb with the tourniquet and the control limb.
As described by Poh et al. (2010) Bland Altman (1986) plots will be used for combined graphical and statistical interpretation of the two measurement techniques. The differences between estimates from the video analysis and the pulse-oximetry sensor will be plotted against the averages of both systems. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of the differences, mean of the absolute differences and 95% limits of agreement (± 1.96 SD) will be calculated. The root mean squared error (RMSE), Pearson’s correlation coefficients and the corresponding p-values will be calculated for the estimated heart rate from video analysis and the finger blood volume pressure.
(iv) Ethical Committee Permission – essential where requiredThis pilot study aims to collect and analyse data from volunteers (the researchers on this project) in order to develop and refine the algorithms for Eularian video magnification. These results will then inform an application for ethical approval for clinical trials.
(v) Costing£5000 for software to download data for Philips clinical monitor
(vi) References
Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet 1986;1(8476), 307–310
Fei J, Pavlidis I. Thermistor at a distance: unobtru- sive measurement of breathing. Biomed Eng, IEEE Transactions 2010; 57: 988–998
Garbey M, Sun N, Merla A, Pavlidis I. Contact-free measurement of cardiac pulse based on the analysis of thermal imagery. Biomed Eng, IEEE Transactions
2007;54:1418–1426
Jonathan E, Martin L. Investigating a smartphone imaging unit for photoplethysmography. Physiological Meas 2010;31(11):N79
Kwon S, Kim HS, Park, KS. Validation of Heart Rate Extraction Using Video Imaging on a Built-In Camera System of a Smartphone. Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS 2012:2174–2177
Lewandowska M, Ruminski J, Kocejko T, Nowak J. Measuring pulse rate with a webcam—a non-contact method for evaluating cardiac activity. Computer Science and Information Systems (FedCSIS), 2011 Federated Conference on; 2011: IEEE; 2011. p. 405–410
Liu C, Torralba A, Freeman WT, Durand F, Adelson EH. Motion magnification. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 2005; ACM: 2005:519–526
Scully CG, Lee JS, Meyer J, Gorbach AM, Granquist-Fraser D, Mendelson Y, Chon KH. Physiological Parameter Monitoring from Optical Recordings With a Mobile Phone. IEEE Transactions, Biomedical Engineering 2012; 59(2):303-306
Klaessens JH, van den Born M, van der Veen A, Sikkens-van de Kraats J, van den Dungen FA, Verdaasdonk RM (2014). Development of a baby friendly non-contact method for measuring vital signs: First results of clinical measurements in an open incubator at a neonatal intensive care unit. In T. Vo-Dinh, A. Mahadevan-Jansen, & W. S. Grundfest (Eds.), (Vol. 8935, pp. 89351P–5). Presented at the SPIE BiOS, SPIE. http://doi.org/10.1117/12.2038353
Pavlidis I, Dowdall J, Sun N, Puri C, Fei J, Garbey M. Interacting with human physiology. Computer Vision Image Understanding 2007;108:150–170
Poh M-Z, McDuff DJ, Picard RW. Non-contact, automated cardiac pulse measurements using video imaging and blind source separation. Optics Exp 2010; 18: 10762– 10774
Poh M-Z, McDuff DJ, Picard RW. Advancements in non-contact, multiparameter physiological measurements using a webcam. Biomed Eng, IEEE Transactions 2011;58:7–11
Wu H-Y, Rubinstein M, Shih E, Guttag JV, Durand F, Freeman WT. Eulerian video magnification for revealing subtle changes in the world. ACM Trans Graph 2012; 31: 65
NB Tenovus Scotland publish a six monthly newsletter ‘NUSOVUS’ which we can supply in hard copy or by e-mail, please indicate below your wishes by inserting your initials:-
Yes please, hard copy …… .. or by e-mail……… No thank you……
(GAF June 14)
