Appendix - Springer978-3-642-28430...George, N. (1985). Where did our love go? The rise and fall of the Motown sound. New York: St. Martin’s Press. George, N. (1988). The death of

Appendix

1875-1880 1880-1885 1885-1890 1890-1895 1895-1900 1900-1905 1905-1910 1910-1915 1915-1920 1920-1925 1925-1930 1930-1935 1935-1940 1940-1945

Edison Phonograph Co.Decca-U.S.

American Graphophone

Columbia Phono-graph

Columbia Phonograph (U.S.A.)

Columbia Graphophone (U.K..)

Columbia International

EMI Ltd.Lindström AG

Capi-tol

The Gramophone Co. (U.K.)

Deutsche Grammophon Co.

Deutsche-Grammophon-Gesellschaft

Ultraphon

Telefunken

DG

Victor Talking Machine

RCA-Victor

Berliner Gramophone

CBS- Columbia

Columbia-U.S.

Brunswick-ARC

Decca-U.K.

1945-1950 1950-1955 1955-1960 1960-1965 1965-1970 1970-1975 1975-1980 1980-1985 1985-1990 1990-1995 1995-2000

Chess Records

MCA Music

Decca/MCA

Deutsche Grammophon/Polydor

Philips Records

Mercury

MGM

Decca-U.K.

UMG

Phonogram (1966-72), since 1972: PolyGram

Decca-U.S.

ABC-Records

Motown

Teldec

Telefunken Warner Bros. Music

Warner Music Group

Warner Communications (WEA) Atlantic Records

EMI Ltd.

THORN-EMI

EMI Group

Capitol Records

United Artists Records

RCA-Victor

Bertelsmann Music Group

Sony Music

CBS-Columbia

P. Tschmuck, Creativity and Innovation in the Music Industry,DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-28430-4, � Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012

273

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Index

2-Live-crew, 17320th Century Fox Pictures, 13420th Century Fox Records, 134, 177360� deal, 194

AAAC, 191A&M Records, 179, 184ABC (American Broadcasting Company), 110,

134ABC-Dunhill Records, 176ABC-Paramount Records, 125, 134, 141Above the Law, 173Access Industries, 180AC/DC, 156Ace RecordsAcid House, 199Adams, Berle, 130Adams, Faye, 108Adams, Suzanne, 37Adler, Lasker, 134Adler, Lou, 134Adler Phonograph AG, 72AEG (Allgemeine Electricitäts-

GesellschaftmbH), 73, 74, 83, 103Aeolian Company, 33Aeolian Hall, 65Aerosmith, 156Afrika Bambaataa, 169, 170Afro Rican, 173Aftermath Label, 172AGP-American Records, 142A.I.C.C (Anglo-Italian

Commerce Company), 38Aimster, 184Aladdin Records, 115

Albert Records, 156Aldon Music Publishing, 137, 154Alfred A. Knopf Publishing, 133Alice Cooper, 156Alice in Chains, 156Almanac Singers, 152Alpert, Herb, 148Amazon Cloud Drive, 191Amazon.com, 191, 193Ambassador Hotel, Atlantic City, 66American Telephone

and Telegraph (AT&T), 53American Consolidated Electronics

Industries, 130American Express, 167American Federation of Musicians (AFM), 89American Federation of Television and Radio

Artists (AFTRA), 98American Graphophone Company, 13, 21, 22American Record Corporation (ARC), 70American Recordings, 156American Telephone and Telegraph (AT & T)Angels, The, 138Animals, The, 129, 144Anka, Paul, 119, 137, 142Anna Records, 139, 140Ansermet, Ernest, 122AOL (American Online), 178, 179AOL Time Warner Inc., 179Apollo Records, 106Apple, Inc., 191Archies, The, 154Archiv Produktion, 122Arden, Don, 144Argentine Talking Machine Works, 57Argo Label, 106Ariola Label, 166, 175


285

A (cont.)Arista Records, 187Aristocrat Records, 103, 106Armstrong, Louis, 67, 121, 255ARPANET, 183Atari Company, 165Artiphon GmbH, 72Art Rock, 155Arvato AG, 265ASCAP (American Society of Composers,

Authors and Publishers), 44, 88, 89, 228Ashley Famous Agency, 135Associated Independent Recording, 144Associated British Picture Company, 131Associated Sound Film Ldt., 73Asylum Records, 135Atco Label, 106, 153, 156Atlantic Records, 105, 135, 141, 142, 145AtLee, John Y., 15, 24ATV Music Publishing, 260Atlantic Records Query, 155Audiogalaxy, 184Austro-Pop, 161Avalon, Frankie, 120Axton, Estelle, 141

BBach, Johann Sebastian, 63, 195Bacharach, Burt, 137, 139, 148Backhaus, Wilhelm, 42, 64Backstreet Boys, 172Bar Blues, 112BASF, 103Bad Boy Records, 173Bank of Colorado, 132Baez, Joan, 257Baker, LaVern, 106Bannister, John, 9Barn Dance Show, 68Barnet, Charlie, 94Barraud, Francis, 40Barry, Jeff, 137Bartók, Béla, 24Basie, Count, 67, 93Baton Records, 108Baum, Alfred, 81BBC (British Broadcasting Company), 71B.B. King, 112, 115, 138, 155BCG-Matrix, 267Beach Boys, The, 151Beastie Boys, 169, 184Beatles, 126–130, 139, 142–145, 153, 158,

167, 168, 253, 257, 260, 266, 270

Bebop, 4, 19, 99, 100, 111, 120, 161, 201, 255,256

Bechet, Sydney, 79Beechem, Thomas, 42Bee Gees, The, 160, 161Beethoven Ludwig van, 2Beka Label, 30, 35Beka Rekord AG, 32, 57Belafonte, Harry, 119Bell, Al, 141Bell, Alexander Graham, 11, 12Bell, Chichester, 12Bell, William, 141Bell Telephone Company, 18, 19Bellini, Vincenzo, 124Bennett, Al, 108Benny Carter and His Orchestra, 92, 94Benny Goodman Orchestra, 92, 93Benny Goodman Trio, 97Berlin, Irving, 82, 89Berlin Choral Society, 97Berlin Philharmonic, 42, 64, 122, 124Berliner, Emile, 20, 22, 23, 25Berliner Gramophone Company, 19, 20Berliner Tonapparate GmbH, 73Berman, Bess, 106Berman, Ike, 106Berry, Chu, 99Berry, Chuck, 105, 106, 116, 153, 257Berté, Heinrich, 82Bertelsmann AG, 178, 184, 265Bertelsmann DirectGroug, 175Bertelsmann e-Commerce Group (BeCG), 178Bertelsmann Music Group (BMG), 175Biberphon GmbH, 72Big Band Blues, 112Big Mama Thornton, 137Big Maybelle, 106Bihari, Jules, 106Bihari, Lester, 108Bihari, Saul, 106Billboard, 107, 112, 119, 125, 149, 160, 180,

187, 190, 191–193, 195, 196Bill Haley and His Comets, 107, 117, 132Bit Torrent, 187Bizarre Records, 151Black Patti Records, 52, 60Black Sabbath, 155Black Swan, 34, 52, 60, 67, 78, 104, 105, 112,

157, 159, 255Black Swan Jazz Masters, 67Blaine, Jerry, 107Blake, Arthur ‘Blind’, 60Bland, Bobby, 108

286 Index

Blanke, Robert, 82Blavatnik, Len, 180Blech, Leo, 122Bleyer, Archie, 108Block, Martin, 113Blondie, 157, 159Blow, Kurtis, 171Bludgeon Riffola Records, 156Bluebird Label, 94Blue Note Records, 99, 148, 177Blues, 45–48, 52, 53, 59–61, 66, 67, 93, 104,

105, 112, 116, 119, 130, 152, 154, 155,176, 254–256

Blues Shouter, 112BMG Music Publishing, 260BMI (Broadcast Music Incorporated), 88, 89,

227BNA Records, 175Boese, Carl Heinz, 80Bogart, Neil, 160Böhm, Karl, 122, 123Bon Jovi, 157Boogie Down Productions, 173Booker T & the MGs, 141Book-of-the-Month Club, 131Boone, Pat, 108, 119, 120Boppers, 100Borchardt, Bruno, 80Borodin, Alexander, 37Bostic, Earl, 106Boston (dance style), 33Boston Consulting Group, 267Boulez, Pierre, 195Bowie, David, 144, 168Boy groups, 254Bracken, James, 108Bradford, Barry, 59, 60Bradley, George L., 11Brahms, Johannes, 24Brand New Heavies, 173Branson, Richard, 177BREIN, 187Brêl, Jacques, 126Brentwood Records, 175Brewer, Theresa, 117, 118Brill Building, New York, 137Brill Building-Pop, 153, 154British Brunswick Record Company, 76British Invasion, 129, 144British Publicity Ltd., 73British Sound Ltd., 73Broadway, 10, 40, 44, 89–91, 93, 254Bronze Records, 156Brother Records, 151

Brown, Charles, 106, 137Brown, Clarence, 107Brown, Foxy, 173Brown, Roy, 106, 112, 115Brown, Ruth, 106Brunswick-Balke-Collender Company, 69, 76Brunswick Label, 122Brunswick Record Corporation, 69Bubblegum Pop, 154, 158Bulleit, Jim, 106Bulleit Records, 106Burroughs, William, 155Byrds, The, 133, 153Byrne, David, 157

CCab Calloway and His Orchestra, 94Cadence Records, 108, 125Cadillacs, The, 107Cage, John, 195Cajun Sound, 142Callas, Maria, 122, 124Calloway, Cab, 94, 98Calvé, Emma, 37Calypso, 119Camel Caravan Show, 93Cameo Records, 120Campbell, Luther, 171Capitol Records, 90, 91, 109, 125, 128–130,

186, 192Capps, Frank, 55Carl Theatre, Vienna, 41Carnegie Hall, 93, 94Carson, Fiddlin’ John, 61Carter, Benny, 67, 94, 99Carter, Clarence, 142Carter, Vivian, 108Caruso, Enrico, 37, 38, 268Casablanca Records, 156, 160, 165Casals, Pablo, 64, 80Cash, Johnny, 105, 108Castle, Irene, 44Castle, Vernon, 44Cat Label, 106C-Bo, 173CBS (Columbia Broadcasting System), 70CBS-Columbia, 89, 90, 102, 104, 109CD (Compact Disc), 166, 174CD player, 166, 175CD-ROM, 198Celestin, Oscar ‘Papa’, 98Cetra-Soria Records, 122Chancellor Records, 119, 120

Index 287

C (cont.)Ch. & J. Ullmann Frères, 31Chaljapin, Fedor, 36Channels, The, 108Chapman, Mike, 158Chappell Music Publishing, 130Charles, Ray, 106Charlie and His Orchestra, 96Charlie Barnet and His Orchestra, 94Checker, Chubby, 120Checker Label, 106Cheever, Charles A., 11Chemet, Reneé, 62Chen, Steven, 191Chess, Leonard, 105, 138, 256, 263Chess, Phil, 105Chess Records, 139, 176Chevalier, Albert, 37, 259Chic, 169Chicago Jazz, 105Chinn, Nicky, 158Chiswick Records, 156Chitlin Circuit, 257Chrysalis Records, 155Chubb Rock & Howie Tee, 173Chuck D., 184Chudd, Lew, 106Cie Française des Disques et Machines Odéon

et d’Instruments de Musique, 31Cie Française du Gramophone, Paris, 58Citigroup, 180City Blues, 60Clapton, Eric, 168Clark, Alfred, 123Clark, Kenny, 99Clash, The, 158, 159Classical music, 63, 84, 91, 94, 144Classical-Rock, 199Classic Blues, 60Clausophon GmbH, 72Clear Channel Communications, 194Clephane, James, 16Clovis Records, 117Club Blues, 112CNET, 192CNN, 167Coasters, The, 137, 138Cochran, Eddie, 108Cocker, Joe, 148Cohen, Bram, 187Cold Chillin’ Records, 171Cole, Nat King, 130Collins, Phil, 168Colpix, 134

Columbia Canada, 57Columbia Disc Graphophone, 23Columbia Fine Art Series of Musical

Masterworks, 65Columbia Graphophone Company, 27, 35Columbia Graphophone Company, Romana

S.A., 27, 57Columbia Graphophone Company, S.A.E., San

Sebastian, 57Columbia Graphophone Ltd. Australia, 57Columbia Graphophone Manufacturing Com-

pany, 52Columbia International Ltd., 56Columbia Masterworks Series, 65Columbia Phonograph Broadcasting Company

(CPBC), 70Columbia Phonograph Company General, 35Columbia Phonograph Company, 13, 35Columbia Pictures, 134Comet Records, 99Como, Perry, 117Compagnie Française du Gramophone, 21Computer Axial Tomograph (CAT), 165ConcertgebouwOrchester Amsterdam, 122Concert Hall Records, 131Concord Music Group, 194Conifer Records, 175Conklin, Jim, 134Connect, 190Conried, Heinrich, 38Consolidated Film Industries Inc., 69Consolidated Talking Machine Company, 22Cook, Paul, 158Cookies, The, 138Cool Jazz, 4, 100Coolio, 170Copyright, 43, 164Copyright Act (1909), 43Copyright Act (1976), 164Coral Label, 107, 117Cortone, Salvatore, 37Cortot, Alfred, 64Costello, Elvis, 159Cotton Club, New York, 92, 255Count Basie Orchestra, 93, 94, 98Country and Western, 107, 112, 114, 115,

152, 79Country Blue Grass and Blues Club (CBGB),

157Country Blues, 60Country music, 51, 61, 68, 132Country Rock, 155Coup, The, 173Craft, Morty, 108

288 Index

Craig Mack, 173Crayton, Pee Wee, 106Creatori, Luigi, 108Creole Jazz Band, 61Criterion, 16Crocker, Frankie, 160Cromlin, R. F., 16Cropper, Steve, 141Crosby, Bing, 70, 77, 78, 79, 103Crowdfunding, 195Crystalate Gramophone Record Manufacturing

Company, 76Crystals, The, 138Culture Club, 167

DDacapo-Record GmbH, 31Daddi, 39Damned, The, 159Dance, 24, 33, 63, 66, 68, 91, 112, 196Dancehall Blues, 112David, Hal, 137Davis, Billy Jr., 139Davis, Clive, 141, 175Davis, Sammy Jr., 135, 247Dawidow, Alexander M., 37Day, Doris, 117De La Soul, 170Death Row Records, 172Debussy, Claude, 65Decca Music Group, 179Decca Record Company, London, 76Decca Records Inc., New York, 132Deep Purple, 135, 155Deezer, 192Def Jam Records, 169, 170, 173, 179Def Jef, 173Def Leppard, 156, 157Delicious Vinyl, 171Dells, The, 108De Luxe Records, 115Denver Symphony Orchestra, 66Depeche Mode, 196DeSilva, Buddy, 90, 130DeSylva, Brown & Henderson

Publishing, 78Deutsche Bank und Diskontogesellschaft, 75Deutsche Grammophon Gesellschaft

(GmbH and AG), 21, 122Deutsche Grammophon Label, 74Deutsche Kristall Schallplatten GmbH, 76Deutsche Reichsrundfunkgesellschaft, 171Deutsche Roneo, 57

Deutsches Reichsministerium für Volks-aufklärung und Propaganda, 81

Deutsche Tonfilm AG, 73Deutsche Ultraphon, 72, 75Devo, 158Dial Records, 142Diamond, Neil, 133Diddley, Bo, 105, 106, 116, 257Dietrich, Marlene, 132Digital Audio Tape (DAT), 198, 236Digital Economy Act, 187Digital Millenium Copyright Act (1998), 198Digital Underground, 170Dimension Records, 154Dire Straits, 174Dirty Rap, 171Disc Jockey, 109, 167Disco Music, 160, 169, 236, 248Divine Styler, 173Dixieland Jazz, 47, 61, 79, 198Dixon, Floyd, 137Dixon, Luther, 138Disc Jockeys, 109DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince, 172DJ, 113, 114, 160, 169, 172DJ Magic, 173DMT, 173Dodds, Johnny, 255Dolby noise reduction, 201, 236Domino, Fats, 106, 115–117, 134Dominoes, The, 106Donald D, 173Donovan, 153Do Or Die, 173Doors, The, 94, 135Doo Wop, 112, 137Dorian, Frank, 27Dorsey, Jimmy, 94Dorsey, Tommy, 67, 94Dot Records, 120, 125, 134, 142Download, 185, 188, 190, 243Down South Music Publishing Company, 67Dozier, Lamont, 140Dr. Dre, 172Drifters, The, 106, 137, 138Dukas, Paul, 63Duke Ellington Orchestra, 94Duke Ellington Quartet, 98Duke Label, 67, 107Dunhill Records, 176Duran Duran, 167, 196DVD (Digital Video Disc), 198, 236Dvorák, Antonín, 63Dylan, Bob, 133, 151–153, 257

Index 289

EE.P.M.D., 170Eagles, 194Easton, Edward D., 16Eazy E, 172E. C. Schirmer Publishing, 88Edison, Thomas Alva, 10Edison-phonograph, 11Edison Phonograph Company, 13Ed Sullivan show, 127, 143, 266Edison Phonograph Works, 13, 16Edison Speaking Phonograph Company, 11, 12Edwards, George, 139Eimert, Herbert, 195Eisler, Hanns, 80Electric Light Orchestra (ELO), 144Electrola GmbH, 58Electronic Dance Music (EDM), 196Elektra Records, 123, 157Ellington, Duke, 67, 94, 97, 98, 121Elman, Mischa, 42Elmendorff, Karl, 64Elton John, 132, 188Ember Label, 108EMI (Electrical and Musical Industries Ltd.),

58EMI Music Group, 178EMI Music Publishing, 177, 180, 260Eminem, 174, 184End Label, 108Enigma Records, 156Eno, Brian, 158, 195Epic Records, 175Epstein, Brian, 127, 142, 143Erasure, 196Ernst von Siemens Gesellschaft, 121Ertegun, Ahmet, 263Ertegun, Nesuhi, 105, 135Europe, James Reese, 79Eurhythmics, The, 167Evans, David, 46Evans, Faith, 173Everly Brothers, 108Excelior Records, 106Excello Records, 108Exclusive Records, 39, 63Eysler, Edmund, 44

FFacebook, 193Fado, 161Fairmont Hotel, San Francisco, 66

Fall, Leo, 41, 80FAME (Florence Alabama Music

Enterprise), 141Fanning, Shawn, 178, 183Fatback Band, 169Favorite Label, 30Favorite Record GmbH, 30, 57Feathers, Charlie, 108Federal Communications Act (1934), 92Federal Communications

Commission (FCC), 110Feld, Irving, 106Fender Corporation, 133Fenton, Nick, 99Ferrier, Al, 108Fewkes, Jesse, 24File sharing, 190Film musical, 77Film Sonores Tobis, 73Fischer-Dieskau, Dietrich, 123Five Royals, The, 106Fizdale Agency, 93Flagstad, Kirsten, 122Flair Label, 106FM radio, 112, 155Folk music, 3, 152Folk-Rock, 134, 145, 153, 247Folkways Records, 152Fonit Trevisan, 76Fonotipia Company Ltd., 31Fonotipia Label, 40Fontana Label, 155Four Star Records, 106Four Tops, The, 140Fox Studios, 77Francis, Connie, 119, 120, 137Franco, Francisco, 80Franklin, Aretha, 142Franklin Institute, 17Frank Zappa and The Mothers

of Invention, 135Freddie Bell and the Bell Boys, 118Freed, Alan, 113, 136Freedom Records, 221Free Jazz, 4, 100, 161Fricsay, Ferenc, 123Friedmann, Ignaz, 64Front Line Management, 195Full Frequency Range

Production (ffrr), 201Fulson, Lowell, 106Funk music, 169Funky Four Plus One, 169

290 Index

Fuqua, Harvey, 139, 140Furtwängler, Wilhelm, 64

GGabriel Peter, 184Gaisberg, Fred, 15, 19, 21, 25, 36, 262Gaisberg, Will, 25Gangsta Rap, 172Garland, Judy, 132Garrett, Lloyd, 46Gasken, George J., 25Gauer, Bill, 99, 148Gaye, Marvin, 139, 140Gee Label, 108, 160Geffen, David, 135Geffen Records, 176Gene & Eunice, 117General Electric Company, 53General Phonograph Corporation, 52General Recording Tape (GRT), 148Gennett Records, 61George Michael, 139German Ministry of Propaganda, 96Gerry and the Pacemakers, 143Gershwin, George, 65, 89Gesellschaft für Vereinsbedarf GmbH, 73Gestapo, 82Geto Boys, 173Gigli, Beniamino, 64Gilbert, Jean, 41Gillespie, Dizzy, 99, 100, 256Giordano, Umberto, 29, 41Girardi, Alexander, 41Girl Groups, 138Glam Rock, 155Glass, Louis, 15Glenn Miller and His Orchestra, 94Glinka, Mikhail, 37Gloria Label, 35Gnutella, 185Goebbels, Joseph, 81, 84Goffin, Gerry, 137Goffin, Robert, 47Goldkette, Jean, 66, 254Goldmark, Peter, 102Goldner, George, 108Goldwax Records, 142Golf-Gold Star Records, 106Goltz, Christel, 123Gomelsky, Giorgio, 144Gone Label, 108Goodman, Benny, 67, 91, 92, 94, 97, 99Google Music Beta, 192

Google Music, 191, 192Google+, 194Gordy, Anna, 139Gordy, Berry Jr., 139, 140, 258Gordy, Esther, 139Gordy, Fuller, 139Gordy, George, 139Gordy, Gwen, 139Gordy, Loucy, 139Gordy, Robert, 139Gospel Blues, 112Gospel, 51, 87, 112Gounod, Charles, 37Graduated response measures, 186Grafonola, 28Grünbaum and Thomas, 31Gramercery Five, 98Grammophon Spezialhaus GmbH, 36Grammy Award, 157, 174Gramophone & Typewriter Ltd., 29Gramophone Company, 12, 21, 22, 25, 27, 29,

35, 164Gramophone, 12, 13, 27, 29, 18–22, 25, 30–33,

35–38, 40–42, 56–58, 61, 63, 64, 75,76, 79, 123, 124, 164, 259, 268

Gramophone Company Ldt, Australia, 58Gramophone Company Ldt, Bombay, 58Gramophone Company Ldt, Budapest, 58Gramophone Company Ldt, Prag, 58Gramophone magazine, 124Gramophone Turk, 58Grand Ole Opry, 68Grand Opera Label, 38Grand Royal Label, 173Grand Terrace, Chicago, 92Grand Wizard Theodore, 169Grandmaster Flash, 169Grandmaster Flash & the Furious Five, 173Grant, Peter, 155Granz, Norman, 94, 99, 148, 256Graphophone, 12, 13, 15–17, 22, 23, 28, 35,

52, 58, 75Grateful Dead, The, 129, 135, 152Green, Al, 106, 130Greenberg, Florence, 138Greene, Al, 106Greenwich, Ellie, 137Greindl, Josef, 123Grieg, Edvard, 42Grigsby and Grunow, 59, 70Grokster, 185, 186Grossman, Albert, 152Group Singing, 112GRP Records, 176

Index 291

G (cont.)Grünbaum & Thomas, 31, 32, 57Grundy, Bill, 159Grunt Records, 151Guarnieri Quartet, 82Guildhall School of Music, 144Guild Records, 99Gülden, Hilde, 122Gulf & Western Company, 148Gull Records, 156Guns N’ Roses, 156Günther, Mizzi, 41Guthrie, Arlo, 168Guthrie, Woody, 152Guy, Joe, 99

HHadamovsky, Eugen, 96HADOPI, 186Haley, Bill, 107, 116–118, 132, 240Hall, Rick, 142Hammer, Jan, 196Hammersmith Palais de Danse, 79Hammond, John, 152Hampton, Lionel, 67Handy, William C., 52, 60Hard Bop, 4, 100, 161Hard Rock, 155, 157Harris, Charles K., 10, 43Harris, Wynonie, 106Hawkins, Coleman, 99Hawkins, Erskine, 112Hawkins, Ronnie, 108Hawkins, Screamin’ Jay, 118Haydn, Joseph, 2Hayes, Isaac, 27Hays, Lee, 152Hear Music, 194Hearts, The, 108Heavy Metal, 155, 157, 160, 167, 171, 172,

201, 257, 263Heifetz, Jascha, 64Heilmann, Ernst, 80Heinemann, Otto, 30, 52Heller, Jerry, 172Henderson, Fletcher, 66, 67, 93Hendrix, Jimi, 135, 152, 260Herald Records, 108Herbert, Victor, 43Herford Record Company, 35Herman, Woody, 98Hertz Company, 133High Fidelity, 198, 235

Hill, Teddy, 99Hill & Range Publishing, 88Hill Billies, 61Hillbilly, 110, 112, 51, 61, 62, 67, 68, 88, 89Hindemith, Paul, 65, 80Hinds, Hayden & Eldridge Publishing, 88Hip-Hop, 168, 169, 171–174, 201HippsterHis Master’s Voice Label (HMV), 35, 40His Master’s Voice Ltd., New Zealand, 58Hitler, Adolf, 84HMV Group, 178HMV Household Appliances Ltd., 59Hofmann, Josef, 42Holland, Brian, 41Holland, Eddie, 82Holländer, Friedrich, 82Holländer, Viktor, 41Hollies, The, 129Holly, Buddy, 116–118Hollywood, 78, 88–90, 93, 107, 167, 176Holzman, Jac, 135Homophon Record GmbH, 57, 72Homophon Label, 56Hooker, John Lee, 108, 138Hopkins, Lightnin’, 106Hotter, Hans, 122House of Pain, 170House, 109, 131, 133, 136, 152, 169, 170, 189Houston, Whitney, 168Howlin’ Wolf, 105, 106, 115, 155, 257Hubbard, Gardiner G., 11Hubermann, Bronislaw, 64Huey Smith and the Clowns, 108Human Be-In Festival, San Francisco, 153Hunting Russell, 25Hurley, Chad, 191Hurte, Leroy, 106

IIce Cube, 172Ice T, 173IFPI (International Federation of Phonographic

Industries), 81iCloud, 191, 192IG Farben, 103Iggy Pop, 157Immediate Records, 90Imperial Records, 115Imperial Theatre, New York, 94Industrie Fonographica, Chile, 57Institut für Integrierte Schaltungen des

Frauenhofer Instituts, Erlangen, 183

292 Index

Intercord GmbH, 177International Talent Management, Inc., 139International Talking Machine

Company, 31, 41International Zonophone Company, 28, 40Interscope-Geffen-A & M Group, 173Interscope Records, 172Iovine, Jimmy, 174I. Pollack Apparatebau AG (IPAG), 56iPad, 191iPhone, 191iPod, 191Iron Maiden, 156Island-Def Jam Music Group, 173Island Records, 159, 179Isley Brothers, 140IT & T, 167iTunes, 191, 193Iurissa S. A., 57

JJackson, Charlie ‘Papa’, 60Jackson, Janet, 168Jackson, Jesse, 141Jackson, Mahalia, 106Jackson, Michael, 140, 167, 168, 258Jack Teagarden and His Orchestra, 94Jacquet Illinois, 112Jadlowker, Hermann, 64, 80Jam,The, 159James, Elmore, 108James, Harry, 67J & M Studio, 114, 115J. & W. Seligman & Co., 55Janus Label, 30Jarvis, Al, 113Jaynettes, The, 138Jay-Z, 194Jazz, 3, 4, 45–48, 52, 53, 60, 61, 65, 66, 77, 79,

82, 91, 93, 94, 96–100, 105, 111, 112,119, 120, 148, 155, 161, 169, 195, 196,201, 254–256, 269, 271

Jazz at the Philharmonic(JATP), 94Jazz Cardinals, 61Jazz Rock, 155Jazzy Jay, 169Jefferson, Blind Lemon, 60Jefferson Airplane, 129, 133, 151Jeritza, Maria, 64Jethro Tull, 155Jet Label, 144Jimmie Lunceford and His Orchestra, 94Jimmy Dorsey and His Orchestra, 94

Jive Records, 171Joachim, Joseph, 42Jobete Music Publishing, 139Jochum, Eugen, 122, 123Johnson, Bunk, 98Johnson, Eldridge R., 54, 55Johnson, Marv, 139Johnson, Robert, 60Jolson, Al, 44, 77, 79Jones, Joseph W., 23Jones, Steve, 158Jones, Tom, 142Joplin, Janis, 129, 151Joplin, Scott, 45Jordan, Louis, 112Josie Label, 107Journet, Marcel, 39J Records, 175Jubilee Records, 117Judas Priest, 156Jukebox, 90, 114Jump-Blues, 112Jungle Brothers, 173Junior Walker and the All Stars, 140

KKálmán Emmerich, 80, 82Kämmerer and Reinhardt, 19Kansas City Jazz, 91Kansas City Six, 98Kapp, Jack, 69, 134Kapp Records, 132Karajan, Herbert von, 124Karim, Jawed, 191Karpilowski, Daniel, 82Kaul, Saul, 107KaZaA, 185Keen Records, 55Keepnews, Orrie, 99Keith & Albee, 44, 254Kenton, Stan, 130Keppard, Freddie, 61Kern, Jêrome, 44KFWB, Los Angeles, 92, 113Kid & Play, 173King, Albert, 141King, Carole, 139King Records, 106King Records (Japan), 138King Sun, 173Kinks, The, 129, 144Kinney Corporation, 135Krishner, Don, 154

Index 293

K (cont.)Kiss, 156Klangfilm GmbH Berlin, 74Klemperer, Otto, 124Knappertsbusch, Hans, 122Knight, Gladys, 117Knight, Marion ‘Suge’, 172Kodaks, The, 108Kohlberg Kravis Robert & Co., 178Kollo, Walter, 41Kool DJ Herc, 169Kool Moe Dee, 172Korngold, Erich Wolfgang, 82Koussevitzky, Sergej, 64KOWH, Omaha, 114Kraft Behrens GmbH, 74Kraftwerk, 195Krauss, Clemens, 122Kreisler, Fritz, 42, 64, 80Krenek, Ernst, 80KRS-One, 172, 173Kubelik, Jan, 42Küchenmeister, Heinrich J., 72Küchenmeister GmbH, 72

LLaine, Jack ‘Papa’, 47Lamb, Joseph, 45Lambert typewriter, 29Landis, John, 167Lane, Frankie, 117Larks, The, 106La Scala, Milan, 37, 64Laser disc, 198Last.fm, 192Latin music, 228Leathür Records, 156Led Zeppelin, 155Legge Walter, 124Lehar, Franz, 41Lehmann, Lilli, 41Leiber, Jerry, 137Leipziger Gewandthaus, 79Lennon, John, 144Lenoir, Abbé, 11Lenya, Lotte, 80Lewis, E. R. ‘Ted’, 69Lewis, George, 98Lewis, Jerry Lee, 116, 117, 138Lewis, Smiley, 106Liberty Records, 134Light Blue Label, 41Lightnin’ Slim, 106, 108

LimeWire, 187Limp Bizkit, 184Lincke, Paul, 41Lindström (GmbH and AG), 32Lindström, Carl, 30Lion, Alfred, 99Lippincott, Jesse H., 13Lite Metal, 157Little ester, 106Little Richard, 115–117Little Walter, 257Live Nation, 194, 195LL Cool J, 170Logic Records, 175Lombardo, Guy, 70London Label, 173London Philharmonic Orchestra, 122London Symphony Orchestra, 64, 122Lopez, Trini, 135Lortzing, Albert, 123Los Angeles Alexandria Hotel, 66Louis Armstrong and His Big Band, 94Louis Armstrong and His Hot Five, 61Louis Jordan and HIs Tympany Five, 112Love Courtney, 184Lovin’ Spoonful, 153Löwenherz Bank, 30Lubinsky, Herman, 106Luke Records, 173Lundström, Carl, 187Lydon, Johnny (alias Rotten), 158Lyra-Phonograph, 30Lyrophon Label, 30Lyrophonwerke, 31

MMaccey’s Records, 107MacLaren, Malcolm, 158, 159, 266MaShann, Jay, 112Madonna, 139, 168, 194Magnetic Tape, 103, 104, 114, 163Magnetophon, 103, 110, 114Mahler, Gustav, 82Mainardi, Enrico, 123Maitland, Mike, 134Make Believe Ballroom, 92Mamas and the Pappas, The, 134Mamie Smith’s Jazz Hounds, 60M and J Paillard, 16Mann, Barry, 137Mann, Carl, 108Mann, Manfred, 144Mantronix, 173

294 Index

Ma Rainey, 46Marconi, Guglielmo, 53Marconi-EMI Television Company, 59Marconiphone, London, 58Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company, 53Marcucci, Bob, 119Mar-Keys, 141Marl, Marley, 257Marsham, viola, 106Martha and the Vandellas, 140, 258Martin, Dean, 117, 130, 135, 247Martin, George, 142, 143, 240, 253, 259Martin Beck’s Orpheum Circuit, 44Marvelletes, The, 153Massary, Fritzi, 41, 80Masta Ace, 173Matassa, Cosimo, 114, 115Matthews Dave, 184Matlock, Glen, 158Matsushita Corporation, 176Mattias, James, 108Mayfield, Percy, 106MC (Master of Ceremonies), 169MCA (Music Corporation

of America Inc.), 109MCA Music Entertainment Group, 176, 179MCA Music Publishing, 179MCA Records, 132McCartney, Paul, 144, 194McCormack, John, 41McCoy, Van, 138McFadden, Ruth , 108McGuire Sisters, 117, 118MC Hammer, 174McMurray, Lillian, 108McMurray, Willard, 108McMurray, Big Jay, 106McPhatter, Clyde, 106MC Serch, 173MC Twist, 173Meaux, Huey, 142Mediamorphosis, 232, 233Melba, Nellie, 37Melba Records, 237Melle Mel, 173Mello Kings, The, 108Melodisc Records, 108Melophon film, 73Mendelssohn-Barthodly, Felix, 82Menuhin, Yehudi, 64Mercer, Johnny, 90, 130Mercury Recording Corporation, 130Meritt Records, 52Merseybeat, 143

Mesner, Eddie, 106Mesner, Leo, 106Messter Filmto GmbH, 73Metallica, 156, 157, 184Meteor Records, 108Method Man, 173Metro Goldwyn Mayer Pictures (MGM), 186Meteropolitan Opera New York (MET), 38Metropol theatre, Berlin, 41Meyerbeer, Giacomo, 82Meyer-Eppler, Werner, 195MGM Records, 52Middle-of-the-Road Music(MOR), 133Milburn, Asmos, 106Miller, Glenn, 67, 94, 95Miller, Mitch, 118Miller International Records, 175Milli Vanilli, 254Mill, Jack, 67Mills Brothers, 70Milton Roy, 106Minidisc, 236, 242, 243Mininova, 187Minit Records, 142Minnelli, Liza, 142Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing

Company (3M), 103Minstrel show, 46Minton’s Playhouse, New York, 99Mitchell, Joni, 194M. M. Cole Publishing, 88Moby, 184Modern Records, 105MOG, 192, 193Monaco, Mario del, 122Monk, Thelonious, 99, 256Monkees, The, 154, 254Monterey Rock Music Festival, 148Monument Records, 142Moog synthesizer, 195Moondog’s Rock ‘n’ Roll Party, 113Moonglows, The, 117Morgan, Chips, 141Moroder, Giorgio, 160Morpheus, 185Morrison, Jim, 135Morrison, Van, 135Morton, Jelly Roll, 61, 255Morton, Shadow, 138Moss, Jerry, 148Mötley Crüe, 157Motörhead, 156Motown Label, 140Motown Record Corporation, 139

Index 295

M (cont.)Motown sound, 140, 141, 263Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 2MP3 (Motion Picture Expert

Group/Layer3), 183MP3.com, 191MP3tunes, 192M-series, 63mSpot, 192MTV (Music Television), 157Muir, Lewis F., 45Murdoch, Rupert, 193Muscle Shoals’ Sound, 142Musical Masterpiece Society, 131Music Arts Library of Victor

Records, 65Musica Sacra Label, 72Music Enterprises, 142, 179MusicNet, 190Music Treasures of the World, 131Mute Records, 196MySpace Music, 193MySpace, 193

NNapster, 178, 180, 183, 184, 189Nasco Label, 108Nashboro Ernie-Y Records, 108Nathan, Sydney, 106National Academy of Recording Arts and

Sciences (NARAS), 157National Association

of Broadcasters (NAB), 88National Barn Dance Radio Show, 67National Biscuit Company, 91National Biscuit radio show, 92National Gramophone Company, 20, 21National Gramophone Company Yonkers, 21National Phonograph Association, 13National Phonograph Company, 16National Records, 105National Socialism, 96, 270NBC (National Broadcasting Company), 56Neij Fredrik, 187Nelson, Richard, 106Nelson, Ricky, 106, 118, 134Nero GmbH, 57Newcleus, 169New England Telefone Company, 11New Orleans Jazz, 61, 66New Orleans Rhythm Kings (NORK), 47New Philharmonia Orchestra, 124News Corporation, 193

New Wave, 159New York Dolls, The, 158New York Jazz, 251Nickelback, 194Nigrolit-Werke GmbH, 57Nikisch, Arthur, 42Nine Inch Nails, 193Nipper (Victor’s Dog), 40Nippon Columbia, 74Nipponophon Company, 56Nippon Polydor Chikuonki KK, 74Nobel, Edward, 89Nobles, Gene, 108Nordisk Polyphon AB, Stockholm , 36Nordisk Polyphon AS, Kopenhagen, 36Nordskog Label, 61North American Phonograph Company, 13Northern Band Rock ’n’ Roll, 116Notorious B.I.G, 173NSDAP (National Sozialistische Deutsche

Arbeiterpartei), 75N.V. Küchenmeisters Internationale Mij.voor

Accoustiek (N.V.K.I), 73N.V. Küchenmeisters Internationale Mij.voor

sprekende Films, 72N.V. Küchenmeisters Internationale Radio

Mij., Amsterdam, 73N.V. Küchenmeisters Internationale Ultraphon

Mij. AmsterdamBerlin, 72N.V. Nederlandsche Gramofon, Den Haag, 58N.V. Transoceanic Talking Machine

Company, 57N.W.A. (Niggas With Attitude), 172, 173, 242

OOdeon Barcelona, 32, 57Odeon Hermann Unmassen GmbH, 32Odeon Label, 41Odeon Musikhaus GmbH, 57Odeon Talking Machine, 31Odeon Werke GmbH, 57Offenbach, Jacques, 82Office of Communication (Ofcom), 187OKeh Records, 52, 59, 61, 68, 118Oldham, Andrew Loog, 144Oldham, Lindon ‘Spooner’, 142Old Time Music, 61Oliver, King, 61, 255Omega Equities, 148100 Club, London, 158One-Step, 33, 45Onyx, New York, 99Orbison, Roy, 105

296 Index

Orchestra Academia Nationale di SantaCecilia, 122

Orchestre de la Suisse Romande, 122Orchestre Du Conservatoire de Paris, 122Orchestrola-Vocalion AG, 72Organon Lehrplatten und Lehrfilm GmbH

Berlin, 74Original Dixieland Jass Band (ODJB), 47, 61Original Piccadilly Four Jazz Band, 79Oriole Records, 107, 117, 125Orioles, The, 107, 117, 125Ortophonic Victrola, 55Ory, Kid, 61, 98Österreichische Columbia Graphophone

Agentur, 57Otis, Johnny, 106Owen, William Barry, 20, 21

PPace, Harry, 52, 60Pacific Phonograph Company, 15Paderewski, Ignace Jan, 42Painter, Uriah H., 11Paley, William, 70Palomar Ballroom, Los Angeles, 92Panassié, Hugues, 47Pandora, 192Papa Don Records, 142Paragons, The, 108Paramount Pictures, 90, 109, 130, 134Paramount Records, 53, 78Parker, Charlie ‘Bird’, 99, 100Parker, Junior, 108Parker, Tom ‘Colonel’, 116Parlophon Label, 35, 127Parlophone Ldt., 57Parlophone/EMI, 257Partytime/Streetwise Label, 169Pathé, Charles, 28Pathé, Emile, 28Pathé Belgique, S.A., 57Pathé Frères, Machine Parlantes, 57Pathé phonograph, 70Pathé phonograph & Radio Corporation

New York, 70Patton, Charlie, 60Patti, Adelina, 37Paul Whiteman and His Ambassador

Orchestra, 66Paul Whiteman and His Orchestra, 65, 66Payola, 109, 136, 266Peacock Records, 107

Peer, Ralph, 60, 61Penn, Dan, 142Peretti, Hugo, 108Perkins, Carl, 105, 116, 117Peter, Paul and Mary, 135, 152, 257Petrillo, Caesar, 89Pet Shop Boys, 196Petty, Tom, 174Pfleumer, Fritz, 103Pharcyde, The, 173Philadelphia Symphony Orchestra, 63, 65Phico Records, 106Philharmonia Orchestra, 124Philharmonic Auditorium, Los Angeles, 94Philips Classics, 129Philips Phonographische Industrie, 129Phillips, Sasm, 105, 108, 115, 253, 256Phillips International, 108Phonogram Label, 23, 71, 83Piaf, Edith, 26Pianola, 45Pickett, Wilson, 141, 142Ping, 194Pink Floyd, 158Pitt, Kenneth, 144Placon, Pol, 37Planet Label, 144Platters, The, 106, 118Plug Research, 196Plus 8, 196Pointers’ Sisters, The, 168Poison, 157Police, 159, 172Pollack, Ben, 91Polydor-Holding AG, 74Polydor International, 129Polydor Label, 121, 122PolyGram Records, 148, 156, 171Polyphon, 16, 35, 56, 72, 74–76, 80Polyphon-Grammophon-Vertriebsgesellschaft,

74Polyphon-Musikwerke AG, 35Polyphon Sprechmaschinen und

Schallplatten GmbH, 36Pomus, Doc, 137Ponchielli, Amilcaré, 63, 122Poor Righteous Teachers, 173Pop-Rap, 243Porter, Cole, 89Porter, David, 141Positively Black, 173Poulsen, Valdemar, 103Premium Artist Program, 75, 82

Index 297

P (cont.)Prescott, F. M., 29, 31, 41Presley, Elvis, 105, 107, 108, 115, 116, 118,

138, 240, 253Pressplay, 190Prestige Records, 99, 256Pretenders, The, 159Price, Lloyd, 106Prince, 37, 139, 168Priority Records, 172Private Stock Records, 158Procul Harum, 155, 158Professor Longhair, 112Profile Records, 140, 169, 173Progressive Rock, 155, 157Prysock, Arthur, 108Psychedelic Rock, 153, 157Public Enemy, 169Puff Daddy, 173Punk Rock, 155, 157–160, 201, 257, 263Pye Records, 125

QQueen, 159, 160, 167, 170Queen Latifah, 170Quiet Riot, 156Quinn, Bill, 106Quinn, Freddy, 126

RRabinowitz, Sol, 108Race music, 53, 60–62, 67, 104, 112Radio Act (1927), 92Radiohead, 193Radio-Keith-Orpheum (RKO), 77Radiola, 54, 55Radio Luxemburg, 85Radiophon GmbH, 121Ragtime, 45, 46, 48, 66, 79, 254Ragtime-Song, 45RAI (Radio Televisione Italiana), 122Ralph Peer’s Southern Music Publishing, 88Rama Records, 108Ramones, The, 157, 158Rand Corporation, 182Random House Publishing, 133Rap, 169–172, 174Rap-A-Lot Records, 173RapidShare, 187Rappaport, Pan, 36

Ratt, 157RCA (Radio Corporatiion of America, Inc.),

53, 56RCA Communication, 56RCA Photophone Inc., 56RCA-Victor, 55RCA-Victor Society of Great Music, 131rdio, 192, 193Realnetworks, 98Rebeat, 192Recordings Industry Association of America

(RIAA), 183Redding, Otis, 141Redman, 67Redman, Don, 67, 173RED Robin Record, 108Red Seal Label, 38, 39, 40, 65Reed, Jimmy, 73Reeves, Martha, 258Reggae, 3, 155Rénaud, Maurice, 37Rhythm & Blues (R&B), 105Rene, Leon, 106Rene, Otis, 106Reno Club, Kansas City, 255Reprise Records, 135Reszke, Edouard de, 38Reunion Records, 175Revileers, The, 108Reynolds Tobacco, 93Rhino Records, 173Rhyme Syndicate Records, 173Rhythm and Blues (R&D), 104, 105, 111, 112,

119, 130, 154, 228, 240, 247Rhythm Boys, 77Rhythm Radicals, 173Richie, Lionel, 168Ricordi, 88Righteous Brothers, 139Riverside Records, 99Reviera, Jake, 159Robertson, Michael, 192Robey, Don, 107Robins, The, 137Robinson, Bobby, 108Robinson, Dave, 159Robinson, Smokey, 263Robinson, Syllvia, 169, 257Rochester Tumbler Company, 13Rockabilly, 116Rock-A-Teens, 108Rock music, 116, 127, 129, 130

298 Index

Rock ‘n’ Roll, 3, 98, 104, 105, 107, 109,110–120, 125, 127, 129–134, 136–138,142, 143, 149, 152, 153, 158, 195, 196,201, 253, 256, 257, 266, 267, 270

Rodgers, Jimmie, 68Rolling Stones, The, 131, 144, 257Rom-Convention (1967), 198Ronald, Landon, 64Rondor Music International Publishing, 179Roneo Co., 57Ronettes, The, 138Roosevelt, Franklin D., 69Roosevelt, Hilbourne L., 11Roseland, New York, 255Rosenthal, Moritz, 64Ross, Diana, 258Roulette Records, 148Roxy Music, 158Royal Air Force (RAF), 87RPM Label, 101RSO Records, 160, 161RTL Group, 180Rubin, Rick, 169, 257Rudge-Whitworth Company, 59Rumba, 91Run-D.M.C., 169, 173Rupe, Art, 106, 115Ruthless Records, 172Rydell, Bobby, 119, 120

SSabata, Victor de, 124Saint-Saëns, Camille, 63Salsa, 161Salt ’N’ Pepa, 174Sam and Dave, 141S.A. Nazionale del Gramofono, 58Sanders, Joseph, 21San Francisco Symphony Orchestra, 66Sansu Records, 141, 167Santa Barbara Belvedere Hotel, 66Sarasate, Pablo de , 42Sarnoff, David, 54satellite Records, 141, 167Savoy Ballroom, New York, 92Savoy Records, 106Scarface, 173Scarlets, The, 108Scepter Records, 138Schaeffer, Pierre, 195Schematic, 196Scherchen, Hermann, 122Schiller, Elsa , 123

Schlager, 161, 42Schlesinger, Moritz, 10Schlock-Rock, 120Schmidt, Joseph, 80Schnabel, Arthur, 80Schneiderhahn, Wolfgang, 123Schönberg, Arnold, 82Schönheimer, Fritz, 80Schubert, Franz, 24, 41Scorpions, The, 156Scotch magnetic tapes, 114Scott, James S., 45Scott, Leon, 18Scotti, Antonio, 37Scour Exchange, 184Screen Gems Publishing, 154Seagram Group, 170, 178Seaman Frank, 20Sedaka, Neil, 119, 120, 137, 139Seeger, Pete, 152Seidler-Winkler, Bruno, 42Select Records, 168, 173, 209, 223Sembrich, Marcella, 38Sequence, The, 173Serafin, Tulio, 124Seven Arts, 135Sex Pistols, 158, 159, 266SFX Entertainment, 194Shakira, 194Shangri-Las, The, 138Shaw, Artie, 67, 94Shellac, 19Sherrill, Billy, 142Shirelles, The, 138Shuman, Mort, 137sideload.com, 192Siemens AG, 129Siemens and Halske AG, 83Sillerman, Robert F. X., 194Silver, Al, 108Silverman, Tom, 170Silverstone Records, 175Simfy.de, 192, 193Simmons, Russell, 169Simon, Carly, 194Simon and Garfunkel, 133, 153Sinatra, Frank, 98, 117, 135, 168Sinatra, Nancy, 135Sire Records, 158Skandinavisk Grammophon A.B.,

Kopenhagen, 58Skandinavisk Grammophon A.B.,

Stockholm, 58Skiffle, 143

Index 299

S (cont.)Slayer, 156Sleeping Bag Records, 173Slick Rick, 170, 173Slumplordz, 173Small Faces, The, 144Smiley Lewis, 106Smith, Bessie, 60, 61Smith, Mamie Gardener, 52, 198Smith, Patti, 157, 174Smith, Will, 174Smokey Robinson and The Miracles, 139Snoop Dogg, 173Sobinow, Leonid, 37Sociéta Italiana di Fonotipia, 29, 31Sociéte Général de Disques, 57Sociéte Phonographique Francaise Polydor, 74Sociéte Ultraphone Francaise, 72, 73Son House, 60Sonny and Cher, 153Sonopress, 265Sonora Company, 33Sonoradio, 54Sony/ATV Publishing, 180, 260Sony-BMG, 178, 180, 186Sony Classical Label, 176Sony Corporation, 178Sony Disc Manufacturing, 265Sony Music Entertainment, 176, 178, 180,

187, 260Sony Music Entertainment (Japan), 176Soria, Dario, 122Soul Label, 141, 176Soul music, 141, 167, 263Sousa, John Philip, 15, 20, 24, 43, 79South Camp Studios, 142Spaniels, The, 108Spark Records, 137Spears, Britney, 172Speciality Records, 106Spector, Abner, 138Spector, Phil, 138Speer, Albert, 97Speyer & Co., 55Spikes’ Seven Pods of Pepper Orchestra, 61Spitfire Records, 155, 156Spotify, 191–193Springsteen, Bruce, 168, 174Stafford, Tom, 142Starbucks, 194Starlite Records, 125Star Record, 72Starr Piano Factory, 53Stax, 141, 142, 145, 148, 155, 175, 263

Stax sound, 141Steinway and Sons, 133Stereo recording, 198, 201Sterling, Louis, 35, 55Sterling Telephone and Electric Company, 59Stetsasonic, 173Stevens, Cat, 148Stewart, Bill, 114Stewart, Jim, 141Stiff Records, 14, 29, 30, 158, 159Stigwood, Robert, 160Stockhausen, Karlheinz, 195Stokowski, Leopold, 63Stoller, Mike, 137Stolz, Robert, 80Stompy Stevedoves, 98Stone, Jesse, 138Stooges, The, 157Storz, Todd, 114Strand, The, 158Stranglers, The, 159Straus, Max, 30Straus, Oscar, 41, 80Straub, Johann Jr., 24Strauss, Richard, 123Stravinsky, Igor, 80Stray Records, 173Streaming, 192Stroh, Charles, 42Stroh violin, 42Sublime Records, 196Sugarhill Gang, The, 169Sugarhill Records, 173Sullivan, Peter, 144Summer, Donna, 160Sunde, Peter, 187Sun Records, 60, 105, 114, 115, 116, 117, 152,

229, 253, 256Sunshine Records, 153, 226Super Disc Records, 106Supreme Records, 117Supremes, The, 140Sutherland, Joan, 122Swing, 67, 78, 82, 91–93, 94–99, 113, 114,

121, 161, 255, 266, 267, 270Symphonion, 16Synpaz, 173Szell, George, 122Szigeti, Joseph, 42

TTainter, Charles Sumner, 12Talking Heads, 157, 159

300 Index

Talmy, Shel, 144Tamagno, Francesco, 37Tamla Label, 139Tango, 45, 269Tatum, Art, 99Tauber, Richard, 64, 80Taylor, James, 135, 194T-Bone Walker, 106Teagarden, Jack, 67, 94Teatro San Cassio, 9Tebaldi, Renata, 122Techno, 199, 207Teldec GmbH, 131Telefunken-Company fo Wireless

Telegraphy, 53Telefunken-Platte GmbH, 73Telegraphon, 103Television, 131, 157, 167Templin, Lutz, 96Temptations, The, 140Tenenbaum, Joel, 186Terra Firma, 180Terrell, Tammi, 140Tetragrammaton Records, 155, 156Thames Television Company, 131, 159The Orchard, 192The Pirate Bay, 187Thibaut, Jacques, 64Thomas, Carla, 141Thomas, Chris, 158Thomas, Irma, 153Thomas, Rufus, 115Thomas-Rasset, Jammie, 186Thorn Company, 165Thornton, Big Mama, 137Thornton, Willie Mae, 107Three Strikes, 186, 187Ticketmaster, 195Tijuana Brass, 148Time-Life Media, 177Time Magazine, 73, 93Time-Warner Inc., 179Tin Pan Alley, 10, 11, 43–46, 48, 59, 60, 62,

78, 89, 93, 104, 121, 254T La Rock, 169Tobis AG, 73Tobis France, 73Tobis Great Britain, 73Tobis Industries, 73Tobis-Polyphon-Filmgesellschaft mbH

(’Topoly’), 75Tommy Boy Records, 170, 171, 173Tommy Dorsey and His Orchestra, 94

Tone-Loc, 173Tonhalle-Orchester Zurich, 122Top Rank Records, 125Torriani, Vico, 126Toscanini, Arturo, 64Toshiba Corporation, 177Total, 52Tours, Frank, 44Tou Sea Records, 142Toussaint, Allen, 142Transamerica Corporation, 134Transamerica Music Corporation, 134Transistor, 110, 198Transmission Control Protocol/Internet

Protocol (TCP/IP), 183Transocean Trading Company, 56Travolta, John, 160Treumann, Louis, 41Trumbauer, Frankie, 67Trumpet Records, 108Tchaikovsky, Peter I., 42, 63Tucker, Sophie, 59Tunecore, 192Turicaphon, Zurich, 73Turkey Trot, 45Turner, Joe, 118Turner, Ted, 167Turner, Tina, 168Twin Hype, 173Twitty, Conway, 118

UÜberbrettl, 42Ulrich, Lars, 184Ultraphon AG, 72Ultraphon Label, 72, 73, 75, 76Ultraphoon, Amsterdam, 73Uniphongesellschaft, 83Uni Records, 132United Artists Music Corporation, 134United Artists Pictures, 134United Artists Records Corporation, 134United Booking Office (UBO), 44, 254United Independent Broadcasters (UIB), 70United States Gramophone Company, 19, 21United States Marine Band, 15, 24Universal Manufacturing, 265Universal Music Group (UMG), 179Universal Music Publishing, 179, 260Universal Pictures, 170, 178, 179Universal Talking Machine Company, 21, 22Universal TV, 132

Index 301

U (cont.)Uriah Heep, 156U.S. Army Air Force Band, 95U.S. War Production Board, 87, 90U.T.F.O., 173U2, 168, 174, 194Uzi Suicide Records, 156

VValente, Caterina, 126Vallis, June, 117Vangelis, 196Van Halen, 156Variety Magazine, 109Vaudeville Managers

Association (VMA), 44V-Disc, 95Veejay, 167Veejay Records, 167Velvet Underground, 157Ventures, The, 19, 108Verdi, Giuseppe, 15, 139Verità Records, 39Verlag für Wirtschaftsliteratur, 73Vertigo Records, 155, 156Verve Records, 99, 129, 179VH-1, 167Viacom International, 167Vibrators, The, 158Victor Records Japan, 92, 124Victor Talking Machine, 22, 23, 25, 27, 31,

38–40, 44, 47, 52, 54–56, 58, 62, 70Victor Talking Machine Company, 22Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, 123Vincent, Gene, 118Vincent, Johnny, 108Vincent, Robert, 95Vinson, Eddie ‘Cleanhead’, 106Vinyl, 114, 166, 243V.I.P. Label, 139Virgin Atlantic Airline, 132Virginia Minstrels, 46Virgin Megastores, 132Virgin Records, 131, 158, 159, 186VIVA Music Television, 167Vivendi-Universal Inc., 181, 192Vocalion, 53, 60, 72, 73, 78, 255Vogue Label, 125Voice of America, 95, 96Volksempfänger (VE 301), 84Volta, André, 12Volta Graphopone Company, 12

Volta Laboratory, 12Volt Label, 141Vox Records, 72, 123Vox-Schallplatten und

Sprechmaschinen AG, 72

WWagner, Richard, 41, 64, 122Walkman, 166, 175Wallich, Glenn, 90, 130Wall of Sound, 138Walmart, 194Walt Disney Company, 63Walter, Bruno, 79Wand, Hart A., 46Wangemann, Theo, 24Warp Records, 196Warg, Gottfrid Svartholm, 187Warhol, Andy, 157Warlock Records, 173Warner Alternative Distribution

Alliance, 173Warner Amex Cable Company

(WACC), 167WArner Amex Satellite Entertainment

(WASEC), 167Warner Bros. Pictures, 77Warner Bros. Publishing Inc., 260Warner Bros. Records, 69, 77, 135Warner/Chappell, 260Warner Communications, 135, 136, 148, 165,

167, 177Warner Music Group (WMG), 177Warner-Reprise-Atlantic Records, 135Warner-Reprise Records, 134, 135Waters, Muddy, 105, 106, 155Watson, Paula, 117WBLS, New York, 160WEA, 135, 177, 265WEA Manufacturing, 265WEAF, New York, 62Weavers, The, 152Weigert, Hermann, 82Weil, Cynthia, 137Weill, Kurt, 80WEingartner, Felix, 64Weinstock, Bob, 256Weiss, Hy, 108Wells, Marry, 140we7, 192World music, 3, 150Western Electric Company, 55

302 Index

Westinghouse Electric Company, 56Westminster Records, 54, 123Westwood, Vivienne, 158Wexler, Jerry, 135, 138, 142White, Leroy, 46Whiteman, Paul, 65, 66, 67, 92, 254Whitfield, Norman, 140, 263WHN, New York, 67Who, The, 132, 144Whodini, 173Williams, Robbie, 194Will Marion Cook’s Southern Syncopated

Orchestra, 79Williams, Cootie, 112Williams, Mary Lou, 99Williams, Trevor, 20, 21Willows, The, 108Wilson, Jackie, 139Wilson, Woodrow, 107, 142Windgassen, Wolfgang, 122Winley, Paul, 108Winley Records, 108WINS, New York, 113Wirlin’ Disc, 108Wisconsin Chair Company, 53Witherspoon, Jimmy, 112, 137WLS, Chicago, 67WNEW, New York, 92, 113Wolff, Francis, 256Wolzogen, Ernst Ludwig Freiherr von, 42Wonder, Stevie, 258Wood, Henry, 42

Wood, Macey Lela, 107Wood, Randy, 134Woodstock Music Festival, 154, 257Woody Herman’s Woodchoppers, 98World Intellectual Property Rights Organiza-

tion (WIPO), 164, 198WSB, Atlanta, 67WSM, Nashville, 68WTIX, New Orleans, 114Wünsch, Hugo, 82

XXenakis, Iannis, 195

YYardbirds, The, 144Young, Ernie, 108Young M. C., 173YouTube, 191

ZZappa, Frank, 135Ziegfeld, Florenz, 44Zomba Music Group, 172Zonophone, 21, 29, 31, 40, 41Zonophon Label, 28, 29, 31, 40, 41Zuntz, Heinrich, 30

Index 303

Documents

Appendix - Springer978-3-642-28430...George, N. (1985). Where did our love go? The rise and fall of the Motown sound. New York: St. Martin’s Press. George, N. (1988). The death of