284

Appendix I- List of Abbreviations

a. b. as before a.b.d. as before described abut. abutment adj. adjoining or adjustment a.f. after fixing or angle fillet agg. aggregate alice. allowance alt. alternate appvd. approved ajr all round archve. architrave ard. around asp. asphalt art. artificial av. average

bast. basement bd. board bdg. boarding bdy. boundary b.e. bossed end or both ends b.f. before fixing b.i. build in bit. bitumen b. & j. bed and joint bk. brick bkg. breaking bkt. bracket bldg. building b.m.s. both measured separately b.n. bullnose bott. bottom b. & p. bed and point br. branch brr. bearer b_.s. both sides B.S. British Standard b.s.m. both sides measured bwk. brickwork

cant. cantilever cap. capacity cast. casement cav. cavity C.C. curved cutting C.C.N. close copper nailing ccs. centres c. & f. cut and fit chann. channel chfd. chamfered chy. chimney c.i. cast iron eire. circular cist. cistern clg. ceiling c.m. cement mortar col. coloured comb. combined comm. commencing comms. commons compo; composition cone. concrete conn. connection constn. construction contd. continued cop. copper copg. coping cos. course covd. covered c.p. chromium plated c. & p. cut and pin c.s.a. cross sectional area csd. coursed c.s.g. clear sheet glass cs'k. countersunk ct. coat or cement cu cubic cupd. cupboard c.w. cold-water

Appendix !-List of Abbreviations

ddt. deduct delvd. delivered dep. deposit dia. or diam. diameter dist. distance or distemper ditto. or do. that which has been said

before div. divided dp. deep d.p.c. damp-proof course dr. door or drain

ea. each e.g. eaves-gutter eng. engineering Eng. English e.o. extra over e.o.c.b. extra over common brick­

work ex. exceeding or extra exc. excavate excavn. excavation exp. exposed extl. external

facewk. facework fast. fastener fcg.facing f/cly. fireclay fdn. foundation f. e. fitted end f.f. fair face fillg. filling fin. finish Flem. Flemish fig. flooring fir. floor fitd. floated F.O. fix only follg. following fr.frame frmg. framing furn. furniture

fwd. forward fwk. form work fxd.fixed fxg.fixing

galvd. galvanised

285

g. b. & b. glued, blocked and bracket-ed

g.b.d.p. gas barrel distance pieces gen. general g.i. galvanised iron g.l. ground level glzg. glazing g.m. gauged mortar grd.(s) ground(s) grtg. grouting grve. groove g.s. general surfaces gtg. grating gth. girth g.v.c. glazed vitrified clay g.w.i. galvanised wrought iron

H.A. highway authority h.b. half-brick H.B.S. herringbone strutting hd. hard h.c. or hdcore. hardcore hdd. headed hdg. heading hi. high h.j. heading joint hkd.hooked holt. hollow hor. horizontal hsd. housed h.r. half round or handrail ht. height hth. hearth hwd. hardwood

incl. including irreg. irregular

286

inter. interr.nediate inti. internal invt. invert

jst. joist jt. joint jtg. jointing junctn. junction

kg kilograr.nr.ne(s) km kilometre (s) k.p. & s. knot, prime and stop

L. labour Ia. large L.A. local authority l. & b. !edged and braced len. length lg. long lin lineal ling. lining l.m. lime mortar l.o. linseed oil l.p. large pipe I. & c. level and cor.npact l.s. lead service

m metre(s) matl. material max. maximum riled. medium mesd. measured met. metal m/gd. make good m.h. manhole mi. mitre mm millimetre(s) mo. moulded or mortar mors. mortice m.s. mild steel mfs measured separately mull. mullion

Building Quantities Explained

n.e. not exceeding nee. necessary no. number nom. nominal nsg. nosing

ofa. overall o'flow. overflow o'hg. overhang opg. opening O.Q. ordinary glazing quality ord. ordinary o.s. one side oslg. oversailing @three oils

pan. panel patt. pattern p.c. prir.ne cost p. & c. parge and core ped. pedestal perf. perforation perm. permanent pic.-rl. picture rail pia. plaster pl.-blk. plinth block plugd. plugged p.m. purpose-made p.o. planted on pol. polished ppt. parapet pr. pair prep. prepare proj. projecting p.s. pressed steel P.St. Portland stone p. & s. planking and strutting pt. point or paint ptg. pointing ptn. partition

q. t. quarry tile

Appendix I-List of Abbreviations

rad. radius rakg. raking R.C. raking cutting r. cone. reinforced concrete rd. round rdd. rounded reb. rebated rec. receive red. reduced reinft. reinforcement retn. return r. & g. rubbed and gauged r.l. red lead r.l.j. red lead joint ro. rough r.o.j. rake out joints r.s. rolled steel r. & s. render and set r.s.j. rolled steel joist r.w. rainwater r.w.p. rainwater pipe

san. sanitary s.c .. or s-cock. stop cock scrd. screwed s.e. stopped end sectn. or sec. section serv. service S.F. steppedfiashing s.j. soldered joint sk. sunk sktg. skirting s.l. short length s. & 1. spread and level smth. smooth s.n. swanneck soc. socket soff. soffit or soffite s.p. small pipe spld. splayed sprd. spread sq square s. & s. spigot and socket

st. straight or stone stl. steel stret. stretcher surf. surface surrd. surround susp. suspended S. & V. P. soil and vent pipe swd. softwood s.w.g. standard wire gauge

tarmac. tarmacadam tbr. timber t.c. terra cotta ten. tenon t. & g. tongued and grooved tgd. tongued th. thick thro. throated or through thsd. thousand tk. tank tog. together tr. trench t. & r. tread and riser trav. traversed trd. tread trimg. trimming

ufc. undercoat ufgrd. underground upstd. upstand ufs. underside

veg. vegetable vert. vertical

wd. wood wdw. window wethd. weathered w.g. white glazed wh. ld. white lead wi. with w.i. wrought iron wk. work

287

288

w.I. wash-leather w.p. wax polish W.P. waste pipe wrot. wrought wt. lt'eight

x-reb. cross rebated xtg. existing x-tgd. cross tongued

Building Quantities Explained

yd. yard Y. st. York stone

Note: the abbreviation S.1l1.M. which has been used extensively throughout this book and refers to the Standard Method of Measure­ment of Building Works (fifth edition metric).

289

Appendix II- Mensuration Formulae

Figure

Square

Rectangle

Triangle

Hexagon

Octagon

Trapezoid

Circle

Sector of Circle

Segment of Circle

Area (side) 2

length x breadth

t x base X height or v[s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)] where s = t x sum of the three sides and a, b and c are the lengths of the three sides.

2·6 x (side)2

4·83 x (side)2

height X t(base+top)

(22/7) x radius 2 or (22/7) x! diameter 2

(1rr 2) (1TD 2/4) circumference = 2 X (22/7) x radius or

(21rr) {22/7) x diameter

(1TD)

t length of arc X radius

area of sector-area of triangle.

290 Building Quantities Explained

Figure Volume Surface Area

Prism area of base X height circumference of base X height

Cube (side)3 6x(side)2

Cylinder {22/7) x radius 2 x length 2 x (22/7) x radius x (1rr 2h) (length+radius)

(21Tr(h+r))

Sphere ( 4/3) x (22/7) x radius3 4 x (22/7) x radius 2

(4/31Tr3) (41Tr2)

Segment of (22/7) X (height/6) X curved surface = 2 x Sphere (3 radius2+height2) (22/7) x radius x height (h)

{[1rh/6] x [3r2+h11]) (21rrh)

Pyramid ! area of base x height l circumference of base x slant height

Cone l x (22/7) x radius2 x height (22/7) x radius x slant (j1Tr2h) height(/)

(1Trl)

Frustum of lheight[A+B+v'(AB)] l mean circumference x Pyramid where A is area of large end slant height

and B is area of small end.

Frustum of {22/7) x lheight(R2+r2+ Rr) (22/7) X slant height (R+r) Cone where R is radius of large end (1rl[R+r])

and r is radius of small end. where I is slant height {!1rh[R2+r2+Rr])

For Simpson's rule and prismoidal formula see Chapter III.

291

Appendix III- Metric Conversion Table (Analogue)

LINEAR ft in. m mm SQUARE [12 in.2 m2

l 3 36 0·025 ! 10 (15) 48 0·03 3 20 1 0 0·1 4

1 25 3 0 0·3 1! 30 4 0 0·4 1! 40 10 0 1 2 50 12 0 1·25 3 75 3 2000mm2

4 100 6 4000mm2

4! 115 6 150 yd2 m2

7 175 1 1 8 200 100 80 9 225 1000 840

10 250 1 0 300 CUBE ft3 ms 1 2 350 1 0·03 1 6 450 6 0·15 2 0 600 10 0·25 2 6 750 20 0·5 3 0 1 100 2·5 4 0 1·25 5 0 1·5

lb kg 6 0 2 WEIGHT

10 0 3 1 0·45 11 0 3·3 10 4·5 15 0 4·5 100 45 20 0 6 30 0 9 cwt kg 40 0 12 1 50

100 0 30 ton kg

1 1000 PRESSURE

1000 lbf/in2 = 7 MN/m2 LIQUID. gal litre 10 tonf/in2 = 155 MN/m2 1 4·5

NOTE. MN = meganewton. 10 45

292

Index Page numbers shown in italics refer to the Examples

ABBREVIATIONS 12, 284-288 Abstract 233

general rules 237-239 subdivisions 236 transfer of dimensions 235, 238 typical sheets 244-246

Adjustment of soil disposal 34, 41, 43,44,50,69

Annotated bills 275 Aprons 107, 123 Apron linings 187 Arches

brick-on-edge 157 circular 163

Architect 1 Architraves 176

plinth blocks 176 Arris

to plaster 159, 183 Asphalt

angle fillet 50, 125 damp-proof course 49, 51 fair edge 127 fiat roofs 106, 125 skirting 125 tanking 50

BALL VALVE 201 Balusters 187 Bands of brickwork 55, 56

brick-on-end 64 flush plain 64 projecting plain 63, 81

Barge boards 105 Basement

excavation 35, 45, 47 working space 35, 45

Beamfilling-See eaves-filling Bearers 97

to eaves boarding 117, 131 to shelving 193 to tank 196, 203

Bed concrete 89, 48, 49, 84, 94

Bed (contd.) floated 94, 147 hardcore 94 trowelled 147

Bedding frame 155, 161, 181 Bellmouth-area 25, 26 Bib valve 201 Bill of quantities

annotated 275 contents 233 entering quantities in 240-241 general rules 241-242 location 275 method of preparation 6 operational 269-275 preliminaries 242-243 purposes 2 reduction 243, 250-252 referencing of items 240 ruling 239-240 specialist 252-253 typical sheets 247-249 units of measurement 241

Billing-direct 233 Birdsmouth 60 Bitumen-felt roofs 106 Blockwork 56, 57, 65

bonding to brickwork 65 protection 65 rough cutting 65

Brickwork birdsmouth 60 curved wall 69 different classifications 52, 53 eaves-filling 54, 61 extra over common brickwork for

facework 55, 62 external walls 53, 49, 61 facework 38, 55, 56 fair face 50 fair raking cutting 62 footings 37, 38 honeycombed sleeper wall 91 in chimney-breasts 79

Index

Brickwork (contd.) in chimney stacks 79 in piers 70 internal walls 53 key for plaster, asphalt, etc. 54 lining wall 50 projections 54, 70, 79 protection 56, 65, 73 rough cutting 53, 54, 60

CARCASS 15 · Casements 149, 150

build in metal 167 bullseye 161 fitting and hanging 153 metal 167 painting 155 throats and rebates 153 wood 153-160

Cavity walls-See hollow walls Ceiling finishings 137, 143 Centre

for circular arch 164 for semi-circular arch 170

Cesspools 210, 212 Channels 223, 227 Chimney-breast 77 Chimney pots 75, 82 Chimney stacks 79 Circle__:area of 13 Civil engineering quantities 4 Closing cavity of hollow wall 61, 183 Code for the Measurement of Building

Work in Small Dwellings 2, 277-283

Coding of items 261-262 Cold-water storage tank 194, 196,

203 insulation 196, 203

Collars 111 Computers 258-266 Concrete

beams 90, 100, 101 bed 89, 48, 49, 84, 94 benching 211, 212 covering to pipes 211, 216 filling to base of hollow wall 42

Concrete (contd.) foundations 36, 41, 48, 68, 77 1intols 82, 158, 177, 182 shelving 193

293

suspended slabs 89, 90, 99 Connection to main. 194, 195, 199 Connection to sewer 210, 213, 221 Coping 72 Copper nailing 122, 128, 135 Cost planning 5, 6 Cramps 161, 181 Cupboards 188 Curved brickwork 69 Cut and shuffle 253.:..258 Cuttings-measurement of volume

28 Cylinder-volume of 13

DADO-RAILS 140 Damp-proof courses 38

curved horizontal 70 gutter in hollow wall 165 horizontal 43, 79, 83, 91 horizontallead 135 over boot lintol 183 vertical 49 vertical copper 163 verticallead 135

Deemed to be included items 17 Descriptions 16, 17 Dimensions

accuracy in 17, 18 alterations to 13, 14 deductions of 12, 13 figured 14 grouping of 12 numbering and titles of sheets 14,

15 order of 11 spacing of 11 timesing 11, 12

Dimension paper 10 Disposal of excavated material 34,

50, 51 Dividing strips 90, 95 Door 171-173

architrave 173, 176

294

Door (contd.) flush 175 frame 172, 181 glazed 172, 180 ironmongery 172, 175, 180 lining 173, 175 painting 172, 175 panelled 179 schedule 171 weather fillet 179

Double course at eaves 114, 121 Double hung sash window 149 Dowel 73, 169, 181 Downpipes 106, 118

fittings 119 painting 118

Drain 210 accessories 212 building in end of 212, 217, 218 branch 210, 211, 217 concrete protection of 211, 216 excavation for 210, 211, 215, 217 fittings 211, 216, 218 pitch-fibre 211, 216 protection of 213, 221 glazed vitrified clay 211, 216 testing of 210, 213, 221

Dressers 188 Drip 132

to gutter 133 Drives 222, 223 Ducts 75

EARTHWORK-MEASUREMENT 26-30 Eaves-filling 54, 61 Edging 223, 228 Elemental bills 7 Embankments-measurement of vol-

ume 28-30 Estimating 3, 4 Excavation

basement 45, 47 curved foundation trenches 67 disposal of excavated material 34 foundation trenches 33, 34, 41, 47,

50, 51, 67, 77 to reduced levels 33

Building Quantities Explained

Excavation (contd.) vegetable soil 32, 39, 67

Extra over items 17

FACEWORK brickwork built entirely of facing

bricks 55, 69 curved brick wall entirely in facings 71 extra over common brickwork for

facework 62, 80 fair cutting 56, 164, 170 margins 56, 70, 158, 183 ornamental bands 56 plain bands 55, 62, 63 protection 56

Fair cutting 56, 164, 170 Fair face to brickwork 50 Fascia-boards 105, 115, 127

painting 116, 128 Fencing 223, 224

chain-link 230 close boarded 230

Fillet-tilting 114 Finishings 15 Fireplace 75, 85 Firrings 132 Fittings 188 Flashings 107, 123

stepped 124 with damp-proof course (combined)

134 Floors

block 95, 147 boarding 89, 98 concrete 99 construction 87-90 contractor-designed 90 finishings 89, 90, 140, 147 flooring in openings 93 hollow 87-89, 91

. hollow block 90 joists 88, 93, 96 protection of 90, 93, 95, 98 solid 89, 90, 94 strip boarding 93 strutting 88 thermoplastic tiles 147

Index

Floors (contd.) trimmers 96 trimming joists 96

Flues 74, 75 linings 75, 83

Formwork edges of beds, etc. 90, 84 edges of roads 222 sides and soffits of beams 90, 100,

101 soffits of slabs 90, 99

Foundations concrete 36, 41,'48, 69, 77 excavation 33, 34, 41, 67 reinforcement 37

Frieze border 145 Fresh-air inlet 210

GATES 223, 231 paintjng 231

General provisional sum 19 General rules of taking-off 9-11 Girth of buildings 20-23

rectangular buildings 20, 21 irregular buildings 22, 23, 59

Glass 149, 150 bedding edge in wash leather 180 curved cutting 161, 167 irregular panes 167 pane classification 149 plate 150, 167 sheet 154, 161 to door 180

Glazing bead 180 Grassed areas 223, 229 Grooves in brickwork for asphalt 127 Gullies 210, 212, 218 Gutter 106

board 122, 133 cast iron eaves 117 fittings 117 lead 122, 123 painting 117

HANDRAIL 187, 192 brackets 192 painting 192

Hangers 112 Hardcore

beds 89, 94 filling 84

Head-rainwater 119 Hedges 230 Hip 104

calculation of length 30, 31 capping 114 cutting to 115 iron 115 rafter 112

Hollow walls .52, 55, 42, 59 closing cavity 61 forming cavity 60, 62

295

outer skin in facing bricks 43, 59 Hopper head 207

painting 207

INSTITUTE OF QUANTITY SURVEYORS 1 Internal finishings 136-141

schedule of 138, 139 Ironmongery 150, 154, 175, 180 Irregular figures-measurement of 13

area 23-26

JOISTS

ceiling Ill flat roof 129, 131 floor 88, 93, 96 trimming 96, 97

KEEPING EXCAVATIONS FREE FROM

GENERAL WATER 44, 5], 71, 22] Kerbs 223 Key to brickwork for plaster, asphalt,

etc. 54, 49

LANDINGS 186 Levelling and compacting trench bottoms 34, 41, 68

Library of descriptions 260, 261 Lintols

concrete 82, 158, 177, 182 stone 169

Location bills 275

296

MANHOLE 210, 212, 213, 218-220 benching 220 brick walls 219, 220 channels 220 concrete base 212, 219 concrete tube 212, 213 covers 212, 220, 221 excavation 212, 219 foot-irons 212, 213

Margins brick 56, 70, 158, 183 oak 98

Mat-well 148 Mensuration formulae 289-290 Metric conversion table 291 Mortice

in brickwork for dowel 73 in stone for dowel 181

NETWORK ANALYSIS 270 Newels 187 Nosings 191

OPENINGs-ADJUSTMENT OF 15, 16 Operational bills 7, 269-275 Oversailing courses 80, 81

PAINTING ceilings 137, 143, 193 cornices 140, 145 doors 172, 17.5 edges of casements 150, 156, 158 gates 231 glazed doors 181 handrails 19 2 hopper head 207 metal casements 167 picture rails 146 pipes 207, 208 protection 148 skirtings 146 steelwork 101 strings 192 treads and risers 193 walls 137, 140, 144, 145 windows 150 wood.'casements 155 wood frames 156, 161, 181, 182

Building Quantities Explained

Parge and core flue 74 Paths 222, 223, 227, 228

ash sub-base 228 paving slabs 228

Picture-rails 140, 146 painting 146

Pier cap 72 Pipe 194-197

bends 196, 199-202 copper 200, 202 fittings 196, 201, 202, 209 fixing 195, 196, 200, 208 holes 196, 201, 204, 206-209 insulation 196, 200 joints 195, 199, 202, 203 lead service 199 overflow 203 painting 194, 207, 208 protection 209 soil 208, 209 soldered joints 199 testing 194, 209 trench 199 waste 206, 207

Planking and strutting 35, 36 basements 48 curved trenches 68 trenches 41, 77

Plaster angles 137, 140, 144 arris 159, 183, 193 concrete soffit 183 cornices 140, 144 curved arris 164 curved reveal 164 finishing against window and door

frames 137, 183 making good around ventilators,

etc. 140 skim coat 143, 193 to ceilings 137 to reveals 140, 158, 183 to walls 137, 140, 143

Plasterboard 137, 143, 193 Plates 87, 88, 104, 91, 109, 129

bedding 104, 91, 110, 129

Index

Plumbing installation 194-197, 199-205

builder's work in connection with 197 Plugging timber to brickwork, etc.

103, 131, 155 Posts 223

gate 230 holes for 230 straining 230

Preambles 18 Precedence diagram 270 Preliminaries bill 242-243 Prime cost items 18, 19, 150

for connection to main 199 for connection to sewer 221 for door ironmongery 175, 180 for metal casements 167 for reinstatement of highway 221 for window ironmongery 154

Prismoidal formula 29, 30 Projections to brickwork 54, 80 Protection items 19, 51

brickwork and facework 56, 73 draift'llge work 213, 221 floor finishings 90, 93, 95, 98, 148 plumbing installation 209 roof coverings 105, 115, 128, 135 stonework 170 wall and ceiling finishings 148

Provisional sum 19 Provisional work 9 Punched tape 258, 259, 260, 261 Purlins 112

QUANTITY SURVEYING-FUNCTIONS 5, 6 Quantities 3 Quarry tile sill 160 Query sheets 18

RAFTERS 104, JJO calculation of length 30, 31

Rake out joints for flashings, etc. 123, 124 of brickwork as key for asphalt, etc.

50, 127, 128 Rationalisation of measurement 276 Reduced level excavation 33

297

Reduction and addenda bills 243, 250-252

Reinforcement bar 89, 222, 100 fabric 49, 90, 222, 99

Reinstatement of highway 194, 213, 199, 215, 216, 221

Rendering 83, 85 R.I.B.A. Form of Contract 4 Ridge

board 104, 112 capping 105, 114

Roads 222, 243, 225, 227 hardcore sub-base 225 tarmacadam 225, 227

Roll-for lead 132 bossed ends 134

Roof area of covering 31 asphalt 106, 125, 127-129 battens 113 bitumen-felt 106 boarding 125, 131 construction 104 corrugated sheeting 106 coverings 105 eaves and rainwater goods 105,

106, 115-119 flat 106, 107, 125-135 lead 133 pitched 104-106, 109 protection of coverings 105, 115,

128, 135 sheet metal 106, 107 thatched 106 tiling 113 timbers 104 underfelting 113

Rough cutting 53, 54, 60, 80, 170 Royal Institution of Chartered Survey­

ors I, 263-264, 266, 275-276 Rubble walling 76, 86

random rubble-coping 86 random rubble-fair return 86 random rubble-levelling for coping

86 random rubble-protection 86

298

SANITARY APPLIANCES 194, 196, 197, 204, 205

Scarfed joint 88 Schedules

doors 171 internal finishings 138, 139 use of 18 windows 150, 151

Sectionalised trade bill 7 Segment of circle-area 24, 25 Semi-circle-<:ircumference of 13 Septic tank 210, 212 Sheet metal roofs 106, 107 Shelving 188

bearers 193 concrete 193 painting edge of 193 softwood 193

Shrubs 223, 229 Simpson's rule 28, 29 Siteworks 32 Skirtings 140

painting 146 short lengths 146 timber 146

Sloping site excavation 26, 27 Soakaways 210, 212 Soakers 124 Soffit boarding 105, 106, 116

painting 116 Soil pipes 194, 208, 209 Soldered joint

to fitting 199 Specialist bills 252-253 Spot items 32 Square cutting to roof tiling around

opening 121 Squaring dimensions 234, 235 Staircases 185-188, 191-193

apron linings 187 balusters 187 handrails 187, 192 landings 186 newels 187 strings, cappings, etc. 186, 187,

192 treads and risers 185, 186, 191

Building Quantities Explained

Staircases (contd.) winders 186

Standard Method of Measurement of Building Works 3-5

Standard Phraseology 266-269 Steelwork 101

angles 157 building in ends of 101, 157 wire brushing and painting 101

Stone jamb 168 keystone 169 lintol 169 mullion 169 sill 159, 168 voussoir 169

Stop cock 194, 200 Strings 186, 187, 192

painting 192 short ramps 192

Strutting 88 herring-bone 97, 129

Stud partitions 103 nogging pieces 103

TAKING-OFF 3 order of 15

Trapezoid-area 24 Treads and risers 185, 186, 191

painting 193 Trees 223, 230 Triangle-area of 13 Trimmers 96, 111, 120 Trimming 96, 97, 120 Turf-preservation and re-use 32

UNIT OF BILLING 5, 241

VALLEY 104 calculation of length 30, 31 cutting to 115 rafters 113 tiles 115

Vegetable soil excavation 32, 39, 45, 67

Vents 75, 76

Index

Vent pipes 194, 208 Verge 115 Vertical damp-proof course 49 Void allowances 9

WALL FINISHINGS 137, 140, 143-145 tiling 137, 140

Wallpapering 145 Waste 10, 39, 59 Waste pipes 194, 206, 207 Water bar 155, 179 Water service 194-196

copper 200, 202 lead 199, 200

Waterproof paper 222 Wax polish

block flooring 95, 147 Winders 186 Window 149-151

bullseye 161, 163-165 frame 150, 154 metal 167, 168 mullion 155 schedules 150, 151 sill 155, 159, 160 wood casements 153-160

Working up 233

299