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Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 1 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Appendix E: Material properties
by Jorge Mireles
The following tables compare the physical and mechanical properties of some of the most popular materials for additive manufacturing. The first table provides common manufacturing materials for the purpose of comparison.
Description
ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene)
Nylon 66 polycarbonate PVC
(polyvinylchloride) polypropylene
Tensile strength (ASTM D638)
lb/in2 (MPa)
6,628 (46)
9,224 (63.6)
9,065 (62.5)
5,000-9,000 (34-62)
4,500-5,400 (31-37)
Tensile modulus (ASTM D638)
lb/in2 (MPa)
290,000 (2,000)
305,000 (2,100)
334,000 (2,300)
350,000-600,000 (2,400-4,100)
170,000-250,000 (1,172-1,724)
Elongation at break 41.6% 82.8% 110% 3-120% 7-13%
Elongation at yield not available 10.7% 6% not available not available
Impact strength (notched Izod)
ft-lb/in of notch (J/m)
1.7-4.5 (0.9 -2.4)
0.75-24.4 (0.4-13)
0.93-18 (0.5-10)
0.75-20 (0.4-10.1)
0.4-1.4 (21-75)
Hardness 75-115
Rockwell (R) 93-122
Rockwell (R) 118-133
Rockwell (R) 70
Shore (D) 68-83
Shore (D)
Glass-transition temperature ºC (Heat-deflection temperature ºC)
not available (94-194º)
not available(80-210º)
150º (130º)
not available (66-89º)
130-168º (107-121º)
Source: www.matweb.com and CADCAMNet Note: Ryan Wicker and Frank Medina contributed to this appendix
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 2 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Technology Stereolithography
Manufacturer 3D Systems (1 of 3)
Material Accura Xtreme Plastic Accura 60 Accura 10 Accura 25 Accura 55
Type of material photopolymer liquid resin
Type of laser
(machine) solid-state lasers solid-state lasers
solid-state lasers
solid-state lasers
solid-state lasers
Notes
the aesthetics and properties of a grey molded ABS production
part with toughness and accuracy
durable, humidity resistance, optical
clarity, view internal features and
passages, low-viscosity formulation
high green strength, good humidity
resistance, ideal for QuickCast parts,
optical clarity, and smooth side walls
durable white material, ideal for
snap fits and RTV-molding applications
durable and rigid material, ABS-like,
fast build speed
Postcure method UV light UV light UV light and heat
UV light and heat UV light and heat
Process properties — liquid resin
Critical exposure Ec (mJ/cm2)
11.7 7.6 13.8 10.5 7.4
Depth of penetration
Dp (mils) 4.1 6.3 6.3 4.2 5.2
Viscosity centipoise at 30ºC
250-300 150-180 485 250 155-185
Continued on the following page
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 3 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Material Accura Xtreme Plastic Accura 60 Accura 10 Accura 25 Accura 55
Physical properties
Tensile strength lb/in2 (MPa)
5,510-6,380 (38-44)
8,410-9,860 (58-68)
9,010-10,940 (62-76)
5,450-5,570 (38)
9,200-9,850 (63-68)
Tensile modulus lb/in2 (MPa)
260,000-287,000 (1,790-1,980)
390,000-450,000(2,690-3,100)
440,000-510,000(3,048-3,532)
230,000-240,000 (1,590-1,660)
460,000-490,000 (3,200-3,380)
Elongation % at break
14-22% 5-13% 3.1-5.6% 13-20% 5-8%
Impact strength (notched Izod) ft-lb/in of notch
(J/m) @ ASTM D 256
0.66-0.98 (35-52)
0.66-0.98 (15-25)
0.28-0.52 (14.9-27.7)
0.4 (19-24)
0.2-0.4 (12-22)
Hardness (Shore D-scale)
86 86 86 80 85
General information
Heat deflection temperature ºC
@66 lb/in2 @264 lb/in2
62º 54º
53-55º 48-50º
58º 50º
58-63º 51-55º
55-58º 51-53º
Glass-transition temperature ºC
52º 58º 62º 60º 56º
Source: Accura Stereolithography Material Datasheets, 3D Systems, 3dsystems.com/products/solidimaging/accura/datasheets.asp, February 2010
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 4 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Technology Stereolithography
Manufacturer 3D Systems (2 of 3)
Material Accura 40 Accura Bluestone Accura 45HC Accura 50 Accura Amethyst
Type of material photopolymer liquid resin
Type of laser
(machine)
solid-state lasers
solid-state lasers
helium-cadmium lasers
(SLA 250)
solid-state lasers
solid-state lasers
(Viper SLA Systems)
Notes tough, high-temperature material, not brittle
engineering nanocomposite material, exceptional stiffness and thermal resistance, low
shrinkage
high green strength, good humidity
resistance, build speeds that are up to two times the speed
of other resins
durable natural or grey material, ideal for snap fits and RTV-molding
applications
purple, superior feature detail and part quality, highly
accurate, good combination of speed
and part quality
Postcure method UV light and heat UV light and heat UV light and heat UV light and heat UV light and heat
Process properties — liquid resin
Critical exposure Ec (mJ/cm2)
20.1 6.9 7.4 9.0 14.4
Depth of penetration
Dp (mils) 6.8 4.1 5.1 4.5 3.7
Viscosity centipoise at
30ºC 485 1,200-1,800 475 600 350
Continued on the following page
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 5 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Material Accura 40 Accura Bluestone Accura 45HC Accura 50 Accura Amethyst
Physical properties
Tensile strength lb/in2 (MPa)
8,270-8,920 (57-61)
9,600-9,800 (66-68)
8,520-8,860 (59-61)
7,030-7,240 (48-50)
3,130-5,450 (22-38)
Tensile modulus lb/in2 (MPa)
410,000-440,000 (2,628-3,321)
1,100,000-1,700,000(7,600-11,700)
400,000-430,000 (2,760-2,960)
360,000-390,000 (2,480-2,690)
510,000-580,000(3,514-3,996)
Elongation % at break
4.8-5.1% 1.4-2.4% 4.8-5.4% 5.3-15.0% .56-1.04%
Impact strength (notched Izod) ft-lb/in of notch
(J/m) @ ASTD D 256
0.42-0.56 (22.3-29.9)
0.24-0.32 (13-17)
0.2-0.3 (11-16)
0.31-0.51 (16.5-28.1)
0.16-0.23 (9-12)
Hardness (Shore D-scale)
84 92 87 86 87
General information
Heat deflection temperature ºC
@66 lb/in2 @264 lb/in2
51-54º 43-49º
65-66º 65º
58º 51º
49-53º 43-46º
77º 62º
Glass-transition temperature ºC
62-65.6º 71-83º 66-87º 62º 103º
Source: Accura Stereolithography Material Datasheets, 3dsystems.com/products/solidimaging/accura/datasheets.asp, February 2010
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 6 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Technology Stereolithography
Manufacturer 3D Systems (3 of 3)
Material Accura® AccuGen™ Accura® ClearVue™ Accura® 48HTR™
Type of material
photopolymer liquid resin
Type of laser
(machine)
argon-ion lasers
(SLA 250 System)
helium-cadmium
lasers
(SLA 500 System)
solid-state lasers
(Viper si2™ SLA, 3500, 5000, and
7000 systems)
solid-state lasers
Notes fast, general-purpose resin with mid-range physical properties
durable, virtually colorless parts, |humidity resistance, lowest
viscosity in class
high humidity and moisture resistant, high rigidity, low viscosity formulation
Postcure method
UV light
Process properties — liquid resin
Critical exposure
Ec (mJ/cm2) 7.27 7.4 10.8 9.8 7.4
Depth of penetration
Dp (mils) 3.92 4.4 4.4 6.2 5.5
Viscosity centipoise at
30ºC 485 485 500 145-155 200-250
Continued on the following page
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 7 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Material Accura® AccuGen™ Accura® ClearVue™ Accura® 48HTR™
Physical properties
Tensile strength
lb/in2 (MPa)
9,240-9,330
(64-65) 7,980-8,190
(55-57) 9,700 (67)
5,950-6,380 (41-44)
9,280-9,720 (64-67)
Tensile modulus
lb/in2 (MPa)
410,000-450,000 (2,840-3,117)
390,000-430,000 (2,701-2,978)
440,000 (3,030)
331,000-370,000 (2,280-2,530)
406,000-577,000 (2,800-3,980)
Elongation % at break
4.6-5.6% 5.8-7.8% 4.6% 6-14% 4-7%
Impact strength (notched
Izod) ft-lb/in
of notch (J/m)
0.38-0.45 (20.2-24.5)
0.38-0.45 (20.2-24.5)
0.32 (17.1)
not available 0.4-0.5 (22-29)
Hardness (Shore D-
scale) 86 84 82 not available 86
General information
Heat deflection
temperature ºC
@66 lb/in2 @265 lb/in2
59º 50º
57º 51º
not available not available 65º 57º
Glass-transition
temperature ºC
40º 40º 73º not available 62º
Source: Accura Stereolithography Material Datasheets, 3D Systems, 3dsystems.com/products/solidimaging/accura/datasheets.asp, February 2010
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 8 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Technology Stereolithography
Manufacturer DSM Somos (Table 1 of 4)
Material Somos ProtoGen
18120 Somos ProtoGen
18420 Somos ProtoCast
AF19122 DMX-SL 100
WaterClear Ultra 10122
Somos NanoTool
Type of material photopolymer liquid resin composite-filled photopolymer
resin
Type of laser
(machine) solid-state lasers
Notes general-purpose, high-temperature
ABS-like parts
general-purpose, high-temperature
ABS-like parts
antimony-free, low ash residue for
investment-casting applications
high toughness, durable parts
optically clear resin with ABS-like properties and improved
water resistance (water absorption
0.8%)
strong, stiff, high-
temperature resistant
composite parts
Postcure method UV light and heat UV light UV light and
heat
Process properties — liquid resin
Critical exposure Ec (mJ/cm2)
6.73 6.73 11.5 11.5 15 10.0 8.3
Depth of penetration Dp (mils)
4.57 4.34 5.2 5.2 5.5 6.5 4.3
Viscosity centipoise at 30ºC
300 350 265 100 1,500 165 2,500
Density g/cm3 at 25ºC
1.16 1.16 1.13 1.13 1.17 1.13 1.65
Continued on the following page
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 9 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Material Somos
ProtoGen18120 Somos
ProtoGen 18420
Somos ProtoCast AF19122
DMX-SL 100
WaterClear Ultra 10122
Somos NanoTool
Physical properties
UV postcure
7,500-8,000 (51.7-54.9)
6,100-6400 (42.2-43.8)
8,900-11,300 (61.7-78)
Tensile strength at break (ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa)
UV plus heat
9,900-10,000 (68.8-69.2)
9,600-9,900 (66.1-68.1)
6454.2- 6570.2(44.5-45.3)
4,308-4,656 (29.7-32.1)
7,977.1-8,122.1 (55-56)
9,600-11,600 (66.3-80.3)
UV postcure
381,000-397,000 (2,620-2,740)
316,000-336,000(2,180-2,310)
1,590,000-1,650,000(11,000-11,400)
Tensile modulus (ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa)
UV plus heat
422,000-433,000 (2,910-2,990)
417,000-430,000(2,880-2,960)
291,961- 317,197.5
(2,013-2,187)
327,785-371,297(2,260-2,560)
414,807.9-420,609.4
(2,860-2,900) 1,510,000-1,620,000(10,400-11,200)
UV postcure
6-12% 8-16% 0.7-1.0% Elongation (ASTM D638)
% at break UV plus heat
7-8% 6-9%
6% 12-28% 6-9%
0.7-1.0%
UV postcure
0.26-0.49 (14-26)
0.37-0.41 (20-22)
0.23-0.29 (12-15)
Impact strength (notched
Izod) ft-lb/in of
notch (J/m)
UV plus heat
0.24-0.47 (13-25)
0.17-0.39 (1.5)
.32-.54 (17-29)
1.15-1.32 (80-70)
0.44-0.48 (24-26)
0.26-0.36 (14-16)
UV postcure
84-85 86-88 94 Hardness
(Shore D-scale) UV plus
heat 87-88 86-87
84-86 80 86-87
94
General information
UV postcure
55-58º
48-50º 53-56º
46-47º 225º
85-90º Heat
deflection temperature
ºC @66 lb/in2
@264 lb/in2
UV plus heat
95-97º
79-82º 93-98º
74-78o
59º 50º
44º 41º
46-47º 42-43º
258-263º 104º
Glass-transition temperature ºC
71-86º 57-96º 49º 37º 42-46º 57-89º
Source: Stereolithography Product Data Sheets, DSM Somos, dsm.com/en_US/html/dsms/pd_product_data_sheets.htm, February 2010
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 10 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Technology Stereolithography
Manufacturer DSM Somos (Table 2 of 4)
Material Somos 7110
Somos 8110
Somos9110
Somos WaterClear 10110
Somos WaterShed
11110
WaterShed XC 11122
Somos ProtoTherm 12110
Type of material photopolymer liquid resin
Type of laser
(machine)
helium-cadmium lasers
(SLA 190/SLA 250)
solid-state lasers
helium-cadmium lasers
(SLA 190/SLA 250)
Notes
epoxy, high-speed,
humidity- tolerant,
heat-resistant
resin
epoxy, specialty resin for
flexible parts
epoxy, robust
resin for functional
parts
general-purpose resin with mid-
range properties; produces clear
parts
durable, strong, semi-
transparent, water-resistant
resin
strong, tough, water-resistant, ABS-like parts,
high dimensional
stability, nearly colorless
strong, high-temperature tolerant, water-resistant resin; parts have cherry-red
appearance
Postcure method UV light and heat
UV light UV light and heat
Process properties — liquid resin
Critical exposure Ec (mJ/cm2)
8.2 6.0 8.0 9.0 11.5 11.5 12.2
Depth of penetration Dp (mils)
5.5 5.3 5.2 5.75 5.45 6.5 5.5
Viscosity centipoise at 30ºC
700 600 230 130 92 260 410
Density g/cm3 at 25ºC
1.13 1.11 1.13 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.15
Continued on the following page
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 11 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Material Somos 7110
Somos 8110
Somos9110
Somos WaterClear
10110
Somos WaterShed
11110
WaterShed XC 11122
Somos ProtoTherm 12110
Physical properties
UV postcure
8,100 (56)
8,354.24 (57.6)
Tensile strength (ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa)
UV plus heat
10,000 (69)
2,600 (18)
4,500 (31)
6,295 (43.4)
7,005 (48.3)
6,831-7,774 (47.1-53.6)
9,500 (65.5)
UV postcure
307,000 (2,117)
497,479.4 (3,430)
Tensile modulus (ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa)
UV plus heat
350,000 (2,413)
46,000 (317)
231,000(1,590)
295,877 (2,040)
382,900 (2,640)
384,000-418,000 (2,650-2,880)
375,647.7 (2,950)
UV postcure
5.4-7.1% 5% Elongation (ASTM D638)
% at break UV plus heat
4.2-4.9%
27% 15-21% 37% 25% 11-20%
3.8%
UV postcure
0.52 (27.8)
0.22 (11.5)
Impact strength (notched
Izod) ft-lb/in of
notch (J/m)
UV plus heat
0.64 (34.2)
1.6 (87)
1.03 (55)
0.85 (45)
0.362 (19.3)
0.4-0.6 (20-30)
0.38 (20.7)
UV postcure
82 84.5 Hardness
(Shore D-scale) UV plus
heat 85
77 83 83 not available not available
86.4
General information
Heat deflection
temperature ºC
@66 lb/in2 @265 lb/in2
UV postcure
59-72º
54º
50º
51.2º
44.9º 49.6º
46.2º 45.9-54.5º
49.0-49.7º 52.8º 47.8º
Glass-transition temperature ºC
not available
not available
not available
41º 41º 39-46º 59.4º
Source: Stereolithography Product Data Sheets, DSM Somos, dsm.com/en_US/html/dsms/pd_product_data_sheets.htm, February 2010
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 12 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Technology Stereolithography
Manufacturer DSM Somos (Table 3 of 4)
Material Somos 7120
Somos 8120
Somos 9120
Somos WaterClear
10120
Somos WaterShed
11120
Somos ProtoTherm
12120
Type of material photopolymer liquid resin
Type of laser
(machine) solid-state lasers
Notes
epoxy, high-speed,
humidity- tolerant, heat-resistant resin
epoxy, specialty resin for flexible
parts
epoxy, durable resin for
functional parts
general-purposeresin with mid-
range properties; produces clear
parts
durable, strong, semi-transparent,
water-resistant resin
strong, high-temperature
tolerant, water-resistant resin;
parts have cherry-red appearance
Postcure method UV light and
heat UV light UV light and heat
Process properties — liquid resin
Critical exposure Ec (mJ/cm2)
8.0 6.75 10.9 9.7 11.5 11.8
Depth of penetration Dp (mils)
5.5 6.2 5.6 6.3 5.5 6.0
Viscosity centipoise at 30ºC
700 600 450 130 260 550
Density g/cm3 at 25ºC
1.13 1.11 1.13 1.12 1.12 1.15
Continued on the following page
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 13 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Material Somos 7120
Somos 8120
Somos 9120
Somos WaterClear
10120
Somos WaterShed
11120
Somos ProtoTherm
12120
Physical properties
UV postcure
8,400 (58)
10,182 (70.2)
Tensile strength
(ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa)
UV plus heat
9,100 (63)
3,800 (26.2)
4,400-4,700(30-32)
3,770 (26)
6,821-7,774 (47.1-53.6)
11,168 (77.0)
UV postcure
359,000 (2,477)
510,534 (3,520)
Tensile modulus
(ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa)
UV plus heat
375,000 (2,588)
40,000-102,000(275.8-703.3)
178,000-212,000
(1,227-1,462)
248,000 (1,960)
384,000- 418,000
(2,650-2,880) 471,374 (3,250)
UV postcure
2.1-6.9% 4% Elongation
(ASTM D638) % at break UV plus
heat 2.3-4.1%
27% 15-25% 32% 11-20%
4.5%
UV postcure
0.5 (27)
0.215 (11.5)
Impact strength (notched
Izod) ft-lb/in of
notch (J/m)
UV plus heat
0.6 (32)
1.1 (59)
0.9-1.0 (48-53)
0.91 (48)
0.4-0.6 (20-30)
0.315 (16.8)
UV postcure
88 85.3 Hardness
(Shore D-scale) UV plus
heat 88
76 80-82 81 86-87
86.7
General information
UV postcure
56.5º 51.9º
Heat deflection
temperature ºC
@66 lb/in2 @265 lb/in2
UV plus heat
70-97º 54º 50-61º 45º 47º
45.9-54.4º
49.0-49.7º 126.2º 110.7º
Glass-transition temperature ºC
not available not available not available 28º 39-46º 74-111º
Source: Stereolithography Product Data Sheets, DSM Somos, dsm.com/en_US/html/dsms/pd_product_data_sheets.htm, February 2010
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 14 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Technology Stereolithography
Manufacturer DSM Somos (Table 4 of 4)
Material Somos 9920
Somos 14120 White
Somos NanoForm
15120
Somos ULM 17220 Black
Somos 9420 EP-White
Type of material photopolymer liquid resin
Type of laser
(machine) solid-state lasers
Notes
robust, functional and
accurate polypropylene-
like parts; superior chemical
resistance
low-viscosity resin for
strong, tough, water-resistant
parts
nanoparticle-filled resin for strong,
stiff, high-temperature-
resistant parts with an opaque gray
appearance
ultra-low modulus resin with rubber-like properties; for parts like seals, keypads,
and hoses
superior fatigue properties, strong memory retention and
high quality up-facing and down-facing surfaces
Postcure method UV light UV light & heat UV light
Process properties — liquid resin
Critical exposure Ec (mJ/cm2)
10.9 13.0 16.3 3.69 15.0
Depth of penetration Dp (mils)
5.45 6.25 5.2 5.1 5.4
Viscosity centipoise at 30ºC
450 240 570 3,400 475
Density g/cm3 at 25ºC
1.13 1.10 1.33 (liquid) 1.38 (solid)
1.07 at 23ºC (liquid) 1.12 (solid)
1.13
Continued on the following page
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 15 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Material Somos 9920
Somos 14120 White
Somos NanoForm
15120
Somos ULM 17220 Black
Somos 9420 EP-White
Physical properties
UV postcure
6,900 (48) Tensile strength
(ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa) UV plus
heat
4,496-5,627 (31-39)
6,630 (45.7)
7,700 (53)
503 (3.47)
2,450-2,900 (17-20)
UV postcure
725,000 (5,000) Tensile modulus
(ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa) UV plus
heat
195,076-262,519
(1,345-1,810)
357,000 (2,460)
856,000 (5,900)
not available 80,000-123,000
(553-850)
UV postcure
2.1% Elongation
(ASTM D638) % at break UV plus
heat
20% 8%
1.2%
75% 25-30%
UV postcure
0.28 (15.0) Impact strength
(notched Izod) ft-lb/in of notch
(J/m) UV plus heat
0.5-1.0 (27-50)
0.44 (23.5)
0.30 (15.9)
not available 0.82-0.9 (44-48)
UV postcure
93 Hardness
(Shore D-scale) UV plus
heat
81 81
92
70 (Shore A) 70-74
General information
UV postcure
65.5º 52.9º Heat deflection
temperature ºC @66 lb/in2
@265 lb/in2 UV plus heat
54.5-61.6º 45.4-48.0º
53º 48º
269º 115º
not available 47-50º 36-38º
UV postcure
39º Glass-transition temperature ºC
UV plus heat
37-52º 44º
80º
not available 57-60º
Source: Stereolithography Product Data Sheets, DSM Somos, dsm.com/en_US/html/dsms/pd_product_data_sheets.htm, February 2010
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 16 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Technology Stereolithography
Manufacturer Huntsman (Table 1 of 4)
Material Renshape SL-5170
Renshape SL-5240
Renshape SL-5260
Type of material photopolymer liquid resin
Type of laser
(machine) helium-cadmium lasers
Notes high-accuracy, general-use
resin tough resin, mimics
polypropylene durable material that mimics ABS
Postcure method UV light UV light UV light and heat
Process properties — liquid resin
Critical exposure Ec (mJ/cm2)
13.5 9.9 7.0
Depth of penetration Dp (mils)
4.8 6.7 4.5
Viscosity centipoise at 30ºC
165-195 375 250
Density g/cm3 at 25ºC
1.14 1.14 1.18
Continued on the following page
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 17 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Material Renshape SL-5170
Renshape SL-5240
Renshape SL-5260
Physical properties
UV postcure
8,300 (58)
Tensile strength (ASTM D638)
lb/in2 (MPa) UV plus
heat
8,600-8,800 (59-60)
5,200-5,500 (36-38)
8,600 (60)
UV postcure
360,000 (2,500) Tensile modulus
(ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa) UV plus
heat
542,000-603,000 (3,737-4,158)
227,000-245,000 (1,565-1,689)
350,000 (2,400)
UV postcure
12% Elongation
(ASTM D638) % at break UV plus
heat
7-19% 22-26%
14%
UV postcure
0.7 (40) Impact strength
(notched Izod) ft-lb/in of notch
(J/m) UV plus heat
0.5-0.7 (27-37)
0.8-1.0 (43-53)
0.7 (40)
UV postcure
85 Hardness
(Shore D-scale) UV plus
heat
85 84
86
General information
UV postcure
58º 50º
58º 51º
Heat deflection temperature
ºC @66 lb/in2
@265 lb/in2 UV plus
heat
55º 49º
82º 66º
97º 78º
Glass-transition temperature ºC
not available 61º 73-95º
Source: Stereolithography Materials Technical Datasheets, Huntsman Advanced Materials, huntsman.com, March 2010
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 18 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Technology Stereolithography Manufacturer Huntsman (Table 2 of 4)
Material Renshape SL-5530
RenShape SL-7510
RenShape SL-7520
RenShape SL-7540
RenShape SL-7545
RenShape SL-7560
Type of material photopolymer liquid resin
Type of laser
(machine) solid-state lasers
argon lasers (SLA 500)
Notes heat- and
water-resistant resin
fast, general-use,
humidity-resistant resin
general-use resin, good surface
finish
tough resin, mimics
thermoplastics like
polypropylene
produces polypropylene-like
parts
produces opaque white parts that
resemble injection-molded
plastics with ABS-like properties
Postcure method UV light and
heat UV light UV light and heat
Process properties — liquid resin
Critical exposure Ec (mJ/cm2)
8.9 10.9 9.5 8.7 9.6 5.4
Depth of penetration
Dp (mils) 5.4 5.5 4.9 6.0 6.6 5.2
Viscosity centipoise at 30ºC
210 325 450 279 350 200
Density g/cm3 at 25ºC
1.19 1.17 1.18 1.14 1.15 1.18
Continued on the following page
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 19 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Material Renshape SL-5530
RenShape SL-7510
RenShape SL-7520
RenShape SL-7540
RenShape SL-7545
RenShape SL-7560
Physical properties
UV postcure
8,300-8,900 (57-61)
9,000-9,400 (62-65)
5,500-5,700 (38-39)
5,000-5,700 (35-40)
6,000-9,000 (42-62)
Tensile strength (ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa)
UV plus heat
6,800-8,900 (47-61)
6,500 (44)
9,100-10,000 (63-69)
5,500-5,900 (38-41)
5,000-5,700 (35-40)
8,000-10,000 (56-69)
UV postcure
419,000- 456,000
(2,889-3,144)
2,937-3,158 (426-458)
223,000-241,000 (1,538-1,662)
200,000-275,000 (1,400-1,900)
350,000-375,000 (2,400-2,600)
Tensile modulus (ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa)
UV plus heat
520,000- 545,000
(3,585-3,758)
320,000 (2,206)
2,882-2,958 (418-429)
192,000-202,000 (1,324-1,393)
220,000-280,000 (1,500-1,900)
350,000-385,000 (2,400-2,700)
UV postcure
3.8-4.4% 5.2-7.2% 21.2-22.4% 12-21%
Elongation (ASTM D638)
% at break UV plus
heat 1.3-2.9%
13.7%
2.9-3.8% 19.2-22.1% 10-16%
6-15%
Continued on the following page
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 20 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Material Renshape SL-5530
RenShape SL-7510
RenShape SL-7520
RenShape SL-7540
RenShape SL-7545
RenShape SL-7560
Physical properties
UV postcure
0.4 (21)
0.29-0.34 (15.5-18.1)
0.68-0.89 (36.3-47.5)1 0.72-0.86
(38.4-45.9)2 0.69-0.84
(36.8-44.8)3
0.5-0.7 (28-39) Impact
strength (notched
Izod) ft-lb/in of
notch (J/m) UV plus
heat 0.4 (21)
0.6 (32)
0.20-0.28 (10.7-15.0)
0.52-0.62 (27.8-33.1)1 0.52-0.64
(27.8-34.2)2 0.48-0.56
(25.6-29.9)3
0.4-0.6 (22-33)
0.5-0.8 (28-44)
UV postcure
88 86 79 79 86 Hardness
(Shore D-scale) UV plus
heat 90
87
90 80-82 81 88
General information
UV postcure
70-85º 55-58º
51º 54º 49º
57º 49º
48-50º 43-48º
56-60º Heat deflection
temperature ºC
@66 lb/in2 @264 /lb/in2
UV plus heat
170-250º 110-120º
81º 89º 72º
77º 60º
58-60º 48-50º
84-101º
Glass-transition temperature ºC
79-122º 63º 68-87º 57-58º 55-58º 60-62º
Source: Stereolithography Materials Technical Datasheets, Huntsman Advanced Materials, huntsman.com, March 2010
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 21 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Technology Stereolithography Manufacturer Huntsman (Table 3 of 4)
Material RenShape SL-7565
RenShape SL-7570
RenShape SL-7580
RenShape SL-7800
RenShape SL-7810
Type of material photopolymer liquid resin
Type of laser
(machine)
solid-state lasers (1SLA 3500 2SLA 5000 3SLA 7000 4Viper SLA)
Notes produces optically
clear parts with ABS-like properties
clear, colorless material for high
accuracy
produces opaque ABS-like parts with long-term stability
general purpose resin excellent for
QuickCast patterns
white, low viscosity, ABS-like appearance,
suited for RTV patterns, durability
past 6 months
Postcure method UV light and heat
Process properties — liquid resin
Critical exposure Ec (mJ/cm2)
8.2 6.2 3, 7.8
1, 2, 4 9.4
9.98 (SLA 5000/7000) 9.51 (SLA 500/
3500/Viper SLA) 9.9
Depth of penetration
Dp (mils) 5.2 4.5
3, 5.3
1, 2, 4 4.7
5.74 (SLA 5000/7000) 5.67 (SLA 500/
3500/Viper SLA) 5.6
Viscosity centipoise at 30ºC
165 147 500 205 210
Density g/cm3 at 25ºC
1.17 1.16 1.18 1.12 1.13
Continued on the following page
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 22 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Material RenShape SL-7565
RenShape SL-7570
RenShape SL-7580
RenShape SL-7800
RenShape SL-7810
Physical properties
UV postcure
6,600-7,800 (46-54)
8,600-8,700 (59-60)
7,700 (53)
6,000-6,800 (41-47)
5,200-7,400 (36-51)
Tensile strength (ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa)
UV plus heat
6,600-7,800 (46-54)
10,600-10,900 (73-75)
8,500 (59)
6,400 (44)
5,700-7,400 (39-51)
UV postcure
290,000-360,000 (2,000-2,500)
330,000 (2,300)
300,000-350,000 (2,075-2,400)
260,000-348,000 (1,800-2,400)
Tensile modulus (ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa)
UV plus heat
290,000-360,000 (2,000-2,500)
390,000-420,000 (2,700-2,900)
330,000 (2,300)
310,000-320,000 (2,180-2,250)
290,000-348,000 (2,000-2,400)
UV postcure
19-30% 6-7% 11% 10-18% 10-20% Elongation
(ASTM D638)
% at break UV plus
heat 22-35% 7-8% 10% 10-15% 10-14%
Continued on the following page
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 23 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Material RenShape SL-7565
RenShape SL-7570
RenShape SL-7580
RenShape SL-7800
RenShape SL-7810
Physical properties
UV postcure
0.5-0.7 (27-38)
0.45-0.49 (24-26)
0.6 (34)
0.7-1.1 (37-58)
0.83-0.91 (44-48) Impact
strength (notched
Izod) ft-lb/in of
notch (J/m) UV plus
heat 0.5-0.7 (28-38)
0.47-0.54 (25-29)
0.6 (34)
0.7-0.9 (37-48)
0.83-0.93 (44-49)
UV postcure
84 89 84 87 86 Hardness
(Shore D-scale) UV plus
heat 85 90 85 87 87
General information
UV postcure
48-52º 50-60º 63º 52º
n/a n/a Heat deflection
temperature ºC
@66 lb/in2 @265 lb/in2
UV plus heat
51-57º 93-95º 97º 76º
62º n/a
Glass-transition temperature ºC
56-72º 60-65º, 88-92º 70-72º 57-59º 62º
Source: Stereolithography Materials Technical Datasheets, Huntsman Advanced Materials, huntsman.com, March 2010
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 24 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Technology Stereolithography
Manufacturer Huntsman (Table 4 of 4)
Material Renshape SL-5195
Renshape SL-5510
Renshape H-C 9100
RenShape Y-C 9300
RenShape Y-C 9500
RenShape Y-C 9500 FT1
Type of material photopolymer liquid resin photopolymer liquid resin
Type of laser
(machine) solid-state lasers
helium-cadmium lasers solid-state lasers
Notes low-viscosity,
general-use resin
humidity- resistant,
high-accuracy, general-use
resin
specialty resin for medical models; may be sterilized
in autoclave; color may be selectively added by over-curing
clear material for medical
applications; may be sterilized by conventional techniques
flesh-colored material for
medical applications such as hearing aids; may be sterilized by conventional
techniques
Postcure method UV light
Process properties — liquid resin
Critical exposure Ec (mJ/cm2)
13.1 11.2-11.4 6.1 8.4 4.3 4.4
Depth of penetration Dp (mils)
5.2 4.1-4.3* 5.3 9.4 6.3 3.8
Viscosity centipoise at 30ºC
180 180 1,030 1,090 1,090 1,050
Density g/cm3 at 25ºC
1.16 1.13 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12
Continued on the following page
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 25 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Material Renshape SL-5195
Renshape SL-5510
Renshape H-C 9100
RenShape Y-C 9300R
RenShape Y-C 9500
RenShape Y-C 9500 FT1
Physical properties
UV postcure
Tensile strength (ASTM D638)
lb/in2 (MPa) UV plus
heat
6,740 (46.5)
11,100 (77)
7,250 (50)
6,525 (45)
6,525 (45)
5,200 (36)
UV postcure Tensile modulus
(ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa) UV plus
heat
303,000 (2,090)
478,000 (3,296)
201,000 (1,389)
191,000 (1,315)
191,000 (1,315)
115,000 (800)
UV postcure Elongation
(ASTM D638) % at break UV plus
heat
11% 5.4% 8% 7% 7% 10%
UV postcure Impact strength
(notched Izod) ft-lb/in of notch
(J/m) UV plus heat
1.0 (54)
0.5 (27)
not available not available not available not available
UV postcure Hardness
(Shore D-scale) UV plus
heat
83 86 75 75 75 75
General information
UV postcure
62º 53º
Heat deflection temperature
ºC @66 lb/in2
@264 lb/in2 UV plus
heat
47º 43º
87º 76º
not available not available not available not available
Glass-transition temperature ºC
67-82º 68º 52º 52º 52º 72º
Source: Stereolithography Materials Technical Datasheets, Huntsman Advanced Materials, huntsman.com, March 2010
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 26 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Technology Stereolithography
Manufacturer Allied PhotoPolymers (Table 1 of 1)
Material KZ-1850-CL KZ-1850-ICE KZ-1860-CL KZ-1870-WH
Type of material photopolymer liquid resin
Type of laser
(machine) solid-state 355nm lasers
Notes ABS-like,
rigid ABS-like, water-resistant
general-purpose, rigid ABS-like, water-resistant
ABS-like, dimensionally stable, humidity resistance,
ideal for QuickCast applications
ABS-like, dimensionally stable, general purpose,
humidity resistant
Postcure method UV light UV light UV light UV light
Process properties — liquid resin
Critical exposure Ec (mJ/cm2)
6.7 6.7 11.2 10.4
Depth of penetration Dp (mils)
4.6 4.6 6.6 5.8
Viscosity centipoise at 30ºC
125 125 270 500
Density g/cm3 at 25ºC
not available not available 1.12 1.13
Continued on the following page
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 27 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Material KZ-1850-CL KZ-1850-ICE KZ-1860-CL KZ-1870-WH
Physical properties
UV postcure
Tensile strength (ASTM D638)
lb/in2 (MPa) UV plus
heat
7,861.05 (54.2)
7,861.05 (54.2)
7,542 (52)
7,687 (53)
UV postcure Tensile modulus
(ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa) UV plus
heat
345,189.8 (2,380)
345,189.8 (2,380)
363,000 (2,500)
305,000 (2,100)
UV postcure Elongation
(ASTM D638) % at break UV plus
heat
14.7% 14.7% 6-10% 5-9%
UV postcure Impact strength
(notched Izod) ft-lb/in of notch
(J/m) UV plus heat
0.41 (22)
0.41 (22)
0.4 (21.4)
0.45 (24)
UV postcure Hardness
(Shore D-scale) UV plus
heat
78 78 83 80
General information
Heat deflection temperature
ºC @66 lb/in2
@264 lb/in2
50º 44º
50º 44º
55º 50º
50º 45º
Glass-transition temperature ºC
58º 58º not available not available
Source: Material Data Sheets, Allied PhotoPolymers, www.alliedphotopolymers.com, March 2010
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 28 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Technology Laser Sintering (plastics and metals)
Manufacturer 3D Systems (1 of 2)
Material DuraForm®
PA DuraForm®
GF DuraForm®
AF CastForm™
PS DuraForm®
Flex LaserForm™
A6 DuraForm®
EX
Type of material polyamide
powder (nylon)
glass-filled polyamide
powder
polyamide-aluminum powder
polystyrene powder
elastomeric plastic powder
polymer-coated A6 steel and
tungsten-carbide powders
impact-resistant plastic
Type of machine
for use with all selective laser-sintering systems
Sinterstation and Vanguard laser-sintering systems available from 3D Systems
Sinterstation HiQ System and other
SLS systems
Sinterstation Pro and Sinterstation
HiQ
Notes
good thermal
stability and chemical
resistance, for real world
testing and functional
use
high-durability material; good
thermal stability and
chemical resistance
cast aluminum look with excellent
surface finish, detail, and wear
resistance
directly produce
investment cast patterns
without tooling, performs almost
identically to foundry wax
for shell investment
casting
rubber-like performance to
simulate gaskets, hoses, seals; can
be colored or pressure-sealed
with infiltrants
increased-hardness tooling
material; similar to tool steel
toughness of injection-molded polypropylene
and ABS plastic
General properties
Density (g/cm3)
0.59 0.84 0.89 (tap) 0.69 (bulk)
0.46 0.44 not available not available
Average particle size
(microns) 58 48 not available 62 85 2-40 not available
Specific gravity at 20ºC (g/cm3)
1.00 1.49 1.42 0.86 not available 7.8 1.01
Continued on the following page
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 29 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Material DuraForm® PA DuraForm® GF DuraForm® AF CastForm™ PS DuraForm® Flex LaserForm™ A6 DuraForm® EX
Physical properties
Tensile strength
(ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa)
6,237 (43)
3,771 (26)
5,060 (35)
412 (2.84)
262 (1.8)
88,000 (610)
infiltrated with bronze
45% bronze/ 55% stainless
steel
5,366 (37)
Elastic modulus
(ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa)
230,000 (1,586)
590,000 (4,068)
574,349 (3,960)
232,000 (1,604)
1,080 (7.4) as produced
1,340 (9.2) infiltrated
20,000,000 (138,000)
infiltrated with bronze
45% bronze/ 55% stainless
steel
220,000 (1,517)
Elongation (ASTM D638)
% at break 14% 1.4% 1.5%
not available
110% (at break)
2-4% infiltrated with
bronze 45% bronze/
55% stainless steel
47%
Impact strength (notched Izod
test) ft-lb/in of notch
(J/m)
0.6 (32)
0.8 (41)
1.1 (58.7)
<0.21 (<11)
not available
not applicable
1.4 (74)
Hardness (Shore D-scale)
73 77 75 not
available 45-75 Shore A not available 74
General information
Melting point ºC
not available
not available
not available
>63º 192º
Glass-transition temperature
ºC
not applicable
not applicable not
applicable 89º
not applicable
not applicable
not available
Source: Laser Sintering Materials Datasheets, 3D Systems, 3dsystems.com/products/solidimaging/lasersintering/datasheets.asp, March 2010
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 30 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Technology Laser Sintering (plastics)
Manufacturer 3D Systems (2 of 2)
Material DuraForm® PP 100 DuraForm® HST
Type of material polypropylene composite
Type of machine all Sinterstation® Pro and Sinterstation® HiQ™ series SLS® Systems
Notes ideal for prototypes where actual polypropylene
properties are required, good chemical resistance, fatigue life, and impact resistance
functional prototypes, parts requiring high stiffness and/or
elevated thermal resistance; high specific stiffness, elevated temperature resistance; anisotropic mechanical
properties, non-conductive, RF transparent, easy-to-finish surface
General properties
Density (g/cm3)
0.82-0.86 (sintered part) 0.53-0.54 (tap)
not available
Average particle size
(microns) not available not available
Specific gravity at 20ºC (g/cm3)
not available 1.20
Continued on the following page
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 31 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Material DuraForm® PP 100 DuraForm® HST
Physical properties
Tensile strength (ASTM D638)
lb/in2 (MPa)
2,901-3,191 (20-22)
7,050-7,350 (48-51)
Elastic modulus (ASTM D638)
lb/in2 (MPa)
130,000-167,000 (896-1,151)
795,000-831,000 (5,475-5,725)
Elongation (ASTM D638)
% at break 20-75% 4.5%
Impact strength (notched Izod
test) ft-lb/in of notch
(J/m)
not available 0.7
(37.4)
Hardness (Shore D-scale)
65-68 75
General information
Melting point ºC
not available not available
Glass-transition temperature
ºC not applicable not applicable
Source: Laser Sintering Materials Datasheets, 3D Systems, 3dsystems.com/products/solidimaging/lasersintering/datasheets.asp, March 2010
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 32 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Technology Laser Sintering
Manufacturer CRP Technology
Material Windform GF Windform PROWindform
PRO B Windform XT Windform FX
Windform LX 2.0
Type of material aluminum- and
glass-filled nylon powder
aluminum- and glass-filled
nylon powder
black-colored nylon powder
carbon and nylon composite
powder
polyamide-based material
polyamide-based material
Type of machine laser-sintering machines
Notes superior stiffness
and surface finish
improvement of Windform GF mechanical properties
improved HDT, wear resistance,
and elasticity
very high UTS and wear resistance
resistance and resilience to
repeated bending and
torsion solicitations;
impact resistance;
consistence and behavior similar to polypropylene
and ABS injection molded
parts
High elasticity, high melting
point, durable, wear resistant
General properties
Density (g/cm3)
1.5 1.42 1.21 1.101 1.027 1.311
Physical properties
Tensile strength (ASTM D638)
lb/in2 (MPa)
6,910 (47.646)
EN ISO 527-1-2
7,600 (52.56)
EN ISO 527-1-2
6,800 (47.05)
EN ISO 527-1-2
11,300 (77.85)
EN ISO 527-1-2
7,101 (48.96)
EN ISO 527-1-2 59.9
Elastic modulus (ASTM D638)
lb/in2 (MPa)
639,900 (4,412)
EN ISO 527-1-2
720,000 (4,964.8)
EN ISO 527-1-2
523,800 (3,612)
EN ISO 527-1-2
1,061,000 (7,320)
EN ISO 527-1-2
196,816 (1,357)
EN ISO 527-1-2
(6,248)
EN ISO 527-1-2
Elongation (ASTM D638)
% at break 2.5% 2.92% 3.81% 2.6% 43.9% 2.3%
Impact strength (Charpy
unnotched ASTM D256)
ft-lb/in of notch (KJ/m2)
31.86 17.75 31.08 32.4 31.72 18.14
Continued on the following page
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 33 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Material Windform GF Windform PROWindform
PRO B Windform XT Windform FX
Windform LX 2.0
Hardness (Shore D-scale)
not available not available not available not available not available not available
General information
Melting point, ºC 180º 180º 180º 179.33º 190.7º 180º
Source: Technical Sheets, CRP Technology, http://www.windform.it/sito, March 2010
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 34 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Technology Laser Sintering (plastics)
Manufacturer EOS (1 of 4)
Material PrimePart® EOS PEEK HP3 PA2210 FR PA 2201 PA 2202 black
Type of material
polyamide powder thermoplastic from the
polyaryletherketone (PAEK) group powder
polyamide powder with added chemical fire
retardant polyamide powder polyamide powder
Type of machine
EOSINT P 730, 700, 390, 385, 380i, 380,
360, 350/2, FORMIGA P 100
EOSINT P 800 EOSINT P3 and P700
series, FORMIGA P 100
EOSINT P 730, 700, 390, 385, 380i, 380,
360, 350/2, FORMIGA P 100
EOSINT P 380i, 385 with PSW 3.2
Notes
balance between mechanical strength and elasticity over a wide temperature
range
semi-crystalline, thermoplastic material;
excellent high temp performance, high wear
resistance, chemical resistance, best smoke,
fire, and toxicity performance, good
hydrolysis performance, biocompatibility, sterility
for flame-resistant plastic parts
for fully functional parts with high-end finish directly from
the process, withstand high
mechanical and thermal load
for fully functional parts with high-end finish directly from
the process, withstand high
mechanical and thermal load
General properties
Density (g/cm3)
0.47 (bulk) 0.93 (part)
0.43 ± 0.01 (bulk) 1.315 ± 0.01 (part)
1.06 .93 0.48 (bulk) 1.02 (part)
Continued on the following page
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 35 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Material PrimePart® EOS PEEK HP3 PA2210 FR PA 2201 PA 2202 black
Physical properties
Tensile strength
(ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa)
7,252 (50)
13,053 ± 725 (90 ± 5)
6,527 (45)
6,962 (48)
7,250 ± 290 (50 ± 2)
Elastic modulus
(ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa)
246,564 (1700)
616,410 (4250)
362,594 (2500)
246,564 (1700)
not available
Elongation (ASTM D638)
% at yield 24% 2.8% 5.0% 24% 12 ± 2%
Impact strength
(notched Izod test)
ft-lb/in of notch (J/m)
4.4 kJ/m2 not available not available 4.4 kJ/m2 not available
Hardness (Shore D-scale)
75 not available 75 ± 2 75 not available
General information
Melting point ºC
176º 372º 176º 176º 172-180º
Source: Material Data Sheets, EOS, eos.info/products/metal-laser-sintering/materials.html, March 2010
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 36 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Technology Laser Sintering (plastics/other)
Manufacturer EOS (2 of 4)
Material PA 2200 PA 3200 GF PrimeCast® 101 Quartz 4.2/5.7 PrimePart® DC
Type of material
polyamide powder glass-filled polyamide
powder polystyrene powder
phenolic resin-coated sand
polyamide powder
Type of machine
EOSINT P 730, 700, 390, 385, 380i, 380, 360, 350/2, FORMIGA P 100
EOSINT P 350, 360, 380, 385,390,700
EOSINT S
EOSINT P 730, 700, 390, 385, 380i,
380, 360, 350/2, FORMIGA P 100
Notes good thermal stability and
chemical resistance
high-durability material; good thermal stability and chemical
resistance
suitable for building investment-casting
patterns
sand-casting patterns and cores
good elasticity, long term constancy
General properties
Density (g/cm3)
0.45 (bulk density)
0.93
(part density)
0.63 (bulk density)
1.22
(part density)
0.62 ± 0.02 (bulk density)
0.070 ± 0.85 (part density)
1.4 (bulk density)
0.96
Continued on the following page
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 37 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Material
PA 2200
PA 3200 GF PrimeCast® 101 Quartz 4.2/5.7 PrimePart® DC
Physical properties
Tensile strength (ASTM D638)
lb/in2 (MPa)
6,961.8 (48)
7,396.9 (51)
in x-y:
800 ± 150 (5.5 ± 1) in z:
175 ± 44 (1.2 ± 0.3)
7,252 (50)
Elastic modulus (ASTM D638)
lb/in2 (MPa)
not available not available
232,000 (1,600)
(Tensile modulus, DIN EN ISO 527)
224,808 (1,550)
Elongation (ASTM D638)
% at yield
24% (at break)
9% (at break)
0.4 ± 0.1% (at break)
48
Impact strength (notched Izod
test) ft-lb/in of notch
(J/m)
2.09 lbf/in2 (4.4 kJ/m2)
2.0 lbf/in2 (4.2 kJ/m2)
not available
8.9
Hardness (Shore D-scale)
75 80 not available
not applicable
68
General information
Melting point ºC
172-180º 172-180º not applicable 187º
Glass-transition temperature
ºC not applicable not applicable 105º ± 1º
not applicable
not applicable
Source: Material Data Sheets, EOS, eos.info/products/metal-laser-sintering/materials.html, March 2010
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 38 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Technology Metal Laser Sintering
Manufacturer EOS (3 of 4)
Material DirectMetal 20 EOS StainlessSteel GP1 EOS StainlessSteel PH1 MaragingSteel MS1
(based on provisional product data sheet)
Type of material
fine-grained, bronze-based metal powder, bronze based
matrix containing Ni
fine-grained, pre-alloyed stainless steel powder; alloying
elements: Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Si, Mo, Nb, C
fine-grained, stainless steel powder including alloy
elements Fe, Cr, Ni, CU, Mn, Si, Mo, Nb, C
pre-alloyed, ultra-high-strength steel powder,
containing Fe, Ni, Co, Mo, Ti, Al, Cr, C, Mn, Si, P, S
Type of machine
EOSINT M 250 Xtended EOSINT M Systems,
specially optimized for the EOSINT M 270
EOSINT M Systems, specially optimized for the
EOSINT M 270 EOSINT M 270
Notes
injection molds and inserts for molding a few thousand parts,
direct manufacture of metal parts
functional prototypes, small series production,
individualized products etc. with high toughness and
ductility
functional prototypes, small series production,
individualized products etc. with high toughness and
ductility
tooling, parts requiring particularly high strength
and hardness
General properties
Density (g/cm3)
part density approx. 7.6 (skin) 6.3 (core)
part density with standard parameters:
7.8
part density with standard parameters:
7.8
part density with standard parameters:
8.0-8.1
Average
particle size (microns)
approx. 20 approx. 20 approx. 20 approx.20
Continued on the following page
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 39 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Material DirectMetal 20 EOS StainlessSteel GP1 EOS StainlessSteel PH1 MaragingSteel MS1
(based on provisional product data sheet)
Physical properties
in x-y: 152,290 (1,050 ± 50)
in x-y: 166,793 (1,150 ± 50)
Tensile strength
(ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa)
58,000 (400)
in z: 142,137 (980 ± 50)
in z: 152,290 (1050 ± 50)
after age hardening: 159,541 up to 282,823
(1,100 up to 1,950)
Elastic modulus
(ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa)
11,600,000 (80,000)
24,656,420
(170,000 ± 20,000)
26,000,000 (180,000)
26,000,000 (180,000 ± 20,000)
in x-y: 16 ± 4% Elongation (ASTM D638)
% at yield 2.5% 25 ± 5%
in z: 17 ± 4% 8 ± 3% (at break)
Impact strength
(notched Izod test)
ft-lb/in of notch (J/m)
not available not available not available not available
Hardness (Shore D-scale)
65 Rockwell B-scale
approx. 230 ± 20 Vickers Scale
30-35 Rockwell C-scale
33-37 as built; up to 50-54 on Rockwell C after age hardening
Source: Material Data Sheets, EOS, eos.info/products/metal-laser-sintering/materials.html, March 2010
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 40 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Technology Metal Laser Sintering
Manufacturer EOS (4 of 4)
Material EOS CobaltChrome
MP1 EOS CobaltChrome
SP2 EOS Titanium Ti64
EOS NickelAlloy IN718
CarbonMide Alumide
Type of material
fine-grained CoCrMo-based superalloy powder; contains
Co, Cr, Mo, Si, Mn, Fe, C, Ni
fine-grained Co, Cr, Mo, and W (cobalt-
chrome-molybdenum) based
alloy powder; contains Co, Cr, Mo,
W, Si, Fe, Mn
fine-grained pre-alloyed Ti64/V4
alloy powder
nickel alloy powder
carbon fiber-filled polyamide
powder
30% aluminum-filled polyamide
Type of machine
EOSINT M 270 EOSINT M 270
(titanium version) EOSINT M 270 EOSINT P38x
EOSINT P and FORMIGA systems
Notes
especially suitable for biomedical implants and
parts requiring high mechanical properties in elevated temperatures
composition corresponds for type 4 CoCr dental material standard, fulfills the
chemical and thermal requirements of
porcelain-fused metal of dental materials
and the requirements for biocompatibility
and cytoxity of dental materials
good mechanical properties, corrosion
resistance, low specific weight,
bio-compatibility, especially suitable for biomedical implants and parts requiring
high strength to weight ratio including aerospace and
motorsports
heat-resistant nickel alloy powder, ideal for high temperature
application, good cryogenic properties
and potential for cryogenic application
high stiffness and strength applications
stiff, durable parts with
metallic grey appearance
General properties
Density (g/cm3)
with standard parameters:
8.3
with standard parameters:
8.6
with standard parameters:
4.43
with standard parameters:
8.2 1.04
0.67 (bulk density)
1.36
(part density)
Average particle size
(microns)
approx. 20 approx. 20 approx. 30 approx. 20 60 60
Continued on the following page
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 41 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Material EOS CobaltChrome
MP1 EOS CobaltChrome
SP2 EOS Titanium Ti64
EOS NickelAlloy IN718
CarbonMide Alumide
Physical properties
in x-y: 174,045 (1,200 ±150)
Tensile strength
(ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa) in z: 174,045
(1,200 ± 150)
195,801 (1,350 ± 100)
166,793 (1,150 ± 60)
142,137 (980 ± 50)
in x: 10,000, in y: 8,000, in z: 3,600
(72, 56, 25)
in x-y: 6,960 (48)
in z: 5,800 (40)
Elastic modulus
(ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa)
27,557,000 (190,000 ± 20,000)
24,656,000 (170,000 ± 20,000)
15,954,000 (110,000 ± 7,000)
not available not available 522,000 (3,600)
Elongation (ASTM D638)
% at yield
in x-y: 8% in z: 8%
6-8% 5 ± 3% 31 ± 3%
in x: 4.1%, y: 6.3%, z: 1.3%
(at break)
in x-y: 4% (at break) in z: 2.4%
Impact strength
(notched Izod test)
ft-lb/in of notch (J/m)
not available not available not available not available
in x: 2.5 (5.3) y: 2.1 (4.4) z: 1.0 (2.1) (notched Charpy)w
2.19 lbf/in2 (4.6 kJ/m2)
(Charpy Scale)
Hardness (Shore D-scale)
35-45 Rockwell C-scale
350-450 HV10 41-44 Rockwell
C-scale Approx. 30
Rockwell C-scale not available 75
General information
Melting point ºC
1,350-1,430º 1,420-1,450º not available not available 172-180º 172-180º
Glass-transition
temperature ºC
not available
Source: Material Data Sheets, EOS, eos.info/products/metal-laser-sintering/materials.html, March 2010
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 42 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Technology Electron Beam Melting
Manufacturer Arcam (1 of 1)
Material Ti6Al4V titanium alloy Ti6Al4V ELI titanium Grade 2 titanium ASTM F75 CoCr alloy
Type of material
titanium alloy powder titanium alloy powder unalloyed commercially pure
(CP) titanium powder cobalt-based alloy powder
Type of machine
Arcam A2, EBM S12 Arcam A2, EBM S12 Arcam A2, EBM S12 Arcam A2, EBM S12
Notes
Grade 5, the most widely used titanium alloy, corrosion resistant, good machinability,
good weight reduction applications, excellent
biocompatibility, especially when direct contact to bone
or tissue is required; contains Al, V, C, Fe,
O, N, H, and Ti
most widely used titanium alloy, corrosion resistant, good machinability, good
weight reduction applications, excellent biocompatibility,
especially when direct contact to bone or tissue is required;
contains Al, V, C, Fe, O, N, H, and Ti,
Grade 23: similar to Ti6Al4V, but contains reduced levels of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and iron--for “extra low interstitials”
Grade 2, good corrosion resistance, formability, and weldable characteristics;
stronger than Grade 1 and equally corrosion-resistant in
most applications; good biocompatibility especially when in direct contact with tissue or bone is required; contains levels of C, Fe,
O, N, H, and Ti
widely used for medical implant applications
especially where high stiffness, highly polished,
and extremely wear-resistant material is
required; non-magnetic CoCrMo alloy with high
strength, corrosion resistance, and good wear
resistance; contains levels of Cr, Mo, Ni, Fe, C, Si, Mn, W, P,
S, N, Si, Ti, B, Co
General properties
Density (g/cm3)
Not available
Average
particle size (microns)
45-100 45-100 45-100 45-100
Specific gravity at 20ºC
not available
Continued on the following page
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 43 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Material Ti6Al4V Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V ELI Titanium Grade 2 Titanium ASTM F75 CoCr Alloy
Physical properties
Ultimate Tensile strength
(Rm) lb/in2 (MPa)
147,940 (1,020)
140,690 (970)
82,670 (570)
140,000 (960)*
Yield Strength (Rp 0.2)
lb/in2 (MPa)
137,790 (950)
134,890 (930)
78,320 (540)
80,000 (560)*
Elongation (ASTM D638)
% at yield 14% 16% 21% 20%*
Reduction of Area
40% 50% 55% 20%*
Hardness (Rockwell C-scale)
33 32 not available 34*
Fatigue Strength @ 600
MPa 10,000,000 cycles 10,000,000 cycles not available
10,000,000 (at 610 MPa)
Modulus of Elasticity
(GPa) 120 120 not available not available
Source: Material Data Sheets, ARCAM, http://www.arcam.com/applications/materials.asp, March 2010 Footnote: * Data collected after parts underwent heat treatment.
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 44 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Technology LaserCUSING
Manufacturer CONCEPT Laser GmbH (1 of 2)
Material LaserCUSING
CL 30AL LaserCUSING
CL 32AL LaserCUSING
CL 40Ti LaserCUSING
CL 100NB
Type of material
aluminum (AlSi12) powder aluminum (AlSi10Mg) powder titanium (TiAl6V4) powder nickel-based alloy
(Inconel 718) powder
Type of machine
M2 cusing M2 cusing M2 cusing M1 and M2 cusing
Notes
powder material that can be employed for aluminum components under high
mechanical and dynamic loads; well suited for
technical prototypes or small series production
powder material that can be employed for aluminum components under high
mechanical and dynamic loads; well suited for
technical prototypes or small series production
powder material for the production of technical
lightweight components and medical implants
nickel-based alloy for the production of heat-resistant components in the power generation and aerospace
industry
Physical properties
Yield Point (N/mm2) 170-220 170-220 900-1,200 approx. 1,100
Tensile Strength (N/mm2)
310-325 310-325 1,110-1,300 approx. 1,400
Elongation (%)
2-3% 2-3% 4-11% approx. 10%
Young’s Modulus
(103 N/mm2) approx. 75 approx. 75 approx. 110 approx. 200
Coefficient of Thermal
Expansion (10
-6 K-1)
20 20 9 13
Thermal Conductivity
(W/mK) 120-190 120-180 7 12
Source: Material Data Sheets, Concept Laser GmbH, http://www.concept-laser.de, March 2010
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 45 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Technology LaserCUSING
Manufacturer CONCEPT Laser GmbH (2 of 2)
Material LaserCUSING
CL 20ES LaserCUSING
CL 50WS LaserCUSING
CL 60DG LaserCUSING
CL 91RW
Type of material
stainless steel powder hot-work steel powder hot-work steel for
die-casting powder hot-work steel powder
Type of machine
M1 and M2 cusing, M3 linear
M1 and M2 cusing, M3 linear
M1 and M2 cusing, M3 linear
M1 and M2 cusing, M3 linear
Notes
powder material for the production of acid and
corrosion-resistant parts or components for
pre-production molds
powder material for the production of functional components as well as components for plastic
injection molds
powder material for the production of mold
components for pressure die casting of light metal alloys
powder material for the production of mold
components for high volume injection molding of packaging and medical products (hard stainless
steel with high chrome content)
Physical properties
DIN 1.404 1.271 1.271 not available
Hardness Rockwell C
Scale (DIN EN ISO
6508)
not available 35-40 (untempered)
52-54 (tempered, 490ºC) 48 (tempered, 540ºC)
35-40 (untempered) 52-54 (tempered, 490ºC)
48 (tempered, 540ºC)
48-50 (tempered, 525ºC)
Yield Point (N/mm2)
470 950 (untempered)
1,800 (tempered, 490ºC) 1,550 (tempered, 540ºC)
950 (untempered) 1,800 (tempered, 490ºC) 1,550 (tempered, 540ºC)
approx. 1,600 (tempered, 525ºC)
Tensile Strength (N/mm2)
570 1,100 (untempered)
1,900 (tempered, 490ºC) 1,650 (tempered, 540ºC)
1,100 (untempered) 1,900 (tempered, 490ºC) 1,650 (tempered, 540ºC)
approx. 1,700 (tempered, 525ºC)
Elongation (%)
>15% 4% (untempered)
2-3% (tempered, 490ºC) 2-3% (tempered, 540ºC)
4% (untempered) 2-3% (tempered, 490ºC) 2-3% (tempered, 540ºC)
>2% (tempered, 525ºC)
Young’s Modulus
(103 N/mm2) approx. 200
approx. 200 (untempered) approx. 200
(tempered, 490ºC) approx. 200
(tempered, 540ºC)
ca. 200 (untempered) ca. 200 (tempered, 490ºC) ca. 200 (tempered, 540ºC)
approx. 200 (tempered, 525ºC)
Thermal Conductivity
(W/mK) approx. 15
approx. 21 (untempered) approx. 21 (tempered, 490ºC)approx. 21 (tempered, 540ºC)
approx. 21 (untempered) approx. 21 (tempered, 490ºC) approx. 21 (tempered, 540ºC)
approx. 13-15 (tempered, 525ºC)
Source: Material Data Sheets, Concept Laser GmbH, http://www.concept-laser.de, March 2010
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 46 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Technology Selective Laser Melting
Manufacturer MTT Technologies Group (1 of 2)
Material cp-titanium Ti Al6Nb7 Ti Al6V4 Al Si12 Al Si10 Mg* CoCr ASTM F75
Type of material
pure titanium powder
titanium alloy powder
titanium alloy powder
aluminum alloy powder
aluminum alloy powder
cobalt-chrome alloy powder
Type of machine
SLM® Systems SLM® Systems SLM® Systems SLM® Systems SLM® Systems SLM® Systems
Notes
high strength, low weight, high
corrosion resistance, good
biocompatibility, low thermal
expansion, good machinability
high strength, low weight, high
corrosion resistance, good
biocompatibility, low thermal
expansion, good machinability
high strength, low weight, high
corrosion resistance, good
biocompatibility, low thermal
expansion, good machinability
low density, good alloying properties, good processability
(casting and pressing, etc.), good electrical
conductivity
low density, good alloying properties, good processability
(casting and pressing, etc.), good electrical
conductivity
high toughness, high strength,
good biocompatibility, good corrosion
resistance
Physical properties
Tensile Strength Rm
(MPa) >290 1,185 (±30) 1,091 (±30) 330 (±20) not available 1,050 (±20)
Offset Yield Stress Rp0,2
(MPa) >180 1,100 (±30) 1,013 (±40) 194 (±20) not available 835 (±20)
Hardness Rockwell C
Scale >120 39.4 (±2) 37.3 (±2) 105 HB (±1) not available 35 (±1)
Break Strain A (%)
>20% 11-18% 10-18% 6.8% not available 11-14%
Surface Roughness Rz X/Y (microns)
14 (±2) 14 (±2) 14 (±2) 15 (±2) not available 17 (±2)
Surface Roughness Rz
Z (microns) 36 (±4) 36 (±4) 36 (±4) 34 (±4) not available 29 (±4)
Thermal Conductivity at
20ºC (W/mK) 22.6º 7º 7.1º not available not available not available
Source: Material Data Sheets, MTT Technologies Group, http://www.mtt-group.com/selective-laser-melting.html, March 2010 Footnote: * Mechanical data for these materials is currently being collected/prepared.
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 47 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Technology Selective Laser Melting
Manufacturer MTT Technologies Group (2 of 2)
Material 1.4404 (316L) 1.2344 (H13) 1.4410 1.2709* 1.4542 (17-4PH)* M333*
Type of material
tool steel/ stainless steel
tool steel/ stainless steel
tool steel/ stainless steel
tool steel/ stainless steel
tool steel/ stainless steel
tool steel/ stainless steel
Type of machine
SLM® Systems SLM® Systems SLM® Systems SLM® Systems SLM® Systems SLM® Systems
Notes
high hardness and toughness, high
corrosion resistance, good
machinability; can be used in plastic
injection and pressure die-
casting molds, medical implants,
cutlery and kitchenware,
maritime, spindles and screws
high hardness and toughness, high
corrosion resistance, good
machinability; can be used in plastic
injection and pressure die-casting
molds, medical implants, cutlery and kitchenware, maritime, spindles
and screws
high hardness and toughness, high
corrosion resistance, good
machinability; can be used in plastic
injection and pressure die-casting
molds, medical implants, cutlery and kitchenware, maritime, spindles
and screws
high hardness and toughness, high
corrosion resistance, good
machinability; can be used in plastic
injection and pressure die-casting
molds, medical implants, cutlery and kitchenware, maritime, spindles
and screws
high hardness and toughness, high
corrosion resistance, good
machinability; can be used in plastic
injection and pressure die-casting
molds, medical implants, cutlery and kitchenware, maritime, spindles
and screws
high hardness and toughness, high
corrosion resistance, good
machinability; can be used in plastic
injection and pressure die-
casting molds, medical implants,
cutlery and kitchenware,
maritime, spindles and screws
Physical properties
Tensile Strength Rm
(MPa) 625 (±30) 1,730 (±30) 750 (±20) not available not available not available
Offset Yield Stress Rp0,2
(MPa) 525 (±30) not available 540 (±20) not available not available not available
Hardness Rockwell C
Scale 237 (±4) HV 54 (±2) HRC 272 (±4) HV not available not available not available
Bar Impact Value (J)
75 (±4) not available 90 (±4) not available not available not available
Surface Roughness Rz X/Y (microns)
16 (±2) 13 (±2) 16 (±2) not available not available not available
Surface Roughness Rz
Z (microns) 38 (±4) 34 (±4) 38 (±4) not available not available not available
Thermal Conductivity at
20ºC (W/mK) 15 25.6 15 not available not available not available
Source: Material Data Sheets, MTT Technologies Group, http://www.mtt-group.com/selective-laser-melting.html, March 2010 Footnote: * Mechanical data for these materials is currently being collected/prepared.
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 48 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Technology Direct Metal Printing
Manufacturer ProMetal, an Ex One Company (1 of 1)
Material S3 S4 HNB
Type of material
(alloy family) 316 stainless steel and bronze 420 stainless steel and bronze high noble gold
Type of machine
ProMetal R-1 ProMetal R-1 ProMetal R-1
Notes used in digital mold and
core-making system used in digital mold and
core-making system used in digital mold and
core-making system
Physical properties
Ultimate Tensile
Strength KSI (MPa)
59 (406)
99 (682)
not available
Yield Stress KSI (MPa)
34 (234)
66 (455)
not available
Hardness Rockwell Scale
60 HRB 20-25 HRC not available
Modulus MPSI (GPa)
21.5 (148)
21.4 (147)
not available
Elongation (%)
8.00% 2.30% not available
Source: Material Data Sheets from ProMetal, an Ex One Company, March 2010 Note: Information regarding other materials, including but not limited to copper, tungsten, and nickel, are available upon request from ProMetal.
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 49 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Technology Ultrasonic Consolidation
Manufacturer Solidica
Material Aluminum Aluminum Aluminum Aluminum Copper
Alloy/Temper 1100 T0 3003 T0 3003 H18 6061 T0 101, 100 Annealed
Type of machine
FORMation
Notes n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
General properties
Density (g/cm3)
2.71 2.73 2.73 2.70 8.96
Material 1100 T0 3003 T0 3003 H18 6061 T0 Copper
Physical properties
Ultimate Tensile
strength (Rm) lb/in2 (MPa)
89.6 110 200 124 210
Yield Strength (Rp 0.2)
lb/in2 (MPa)
34.5 41.4 186 55.2 33
Elongation (ASTM D638)
% at break 35 30 4 25 70
Hardness (Brinell scale)
23 28 55 30 90
Modulus of Elasticity
(GPa) 68.9 110
Source: Material Datasheets from Solidica Inc.
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 50 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Technology Fused Deposition Modeling
Manufacturer Stratasys (1 of 2)
Material ABS ABSi Polycarbonate
(PC) Polycarbonate
ISO Polyphenylsulfone
(PPSF) PC-ABS
Type of material
acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
filament
methyl methacrylate acrylonitrile
butadiene styrene filament
polycarbonate filament
polycarbonate filament
polyphenyl sulfone filament
polycarbonate/ acrylonitrile butadiene styrene blend filament
Type of machine
Dimension, Maxum, Titan,
Vantage SE, Vantage S,
Vantage I, (when configured with
ABS) Prodigy Plus, Fortus 360mc, Fortus 400mc
Dimension, Maxum, Titan TI,
Vantage SE, Vantage S,
Vantage I, (when configured with ABS) Prodigy Plus, Fortus
400mc
Titan, Vantage S, Vantage SE,
Vantage I, (when configured with
PC), Fortus 360mc, Fortus 400mc, Fortus
900mc
Titan, Vantage S, Vantage SE,
Fortus 400mc, Fortus 900mc
Titan, Fortus 400mc, Fortus 900mc
Titan, Vantage S,
Vantage SE, Fortus 360mc, Fortus
400mc, Fortus 900mc
Notes
durable, strong, good heat and
chemical resistance; comes
in colors
can be sterilized with gamma
radiation
very tough thermoplastic,
commonly used for
manufacturing
complies with ISO-1099-3 and
Class VI classification so can be used for packaging and
medical
very tough thermoplastic,
commonly used for
manufacturing
this blend combines the most desirable properties of both
materials
Continued on the following page
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 51 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Material ABS ABSi Polycarbonate
(PC) Polycarbonate
ISO Polyphenylsulfone
(PPSF) PC-ABS
Physical properties
Tensile strength
(ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa)
3,200 (22)
5,400 (37)
9,800 (68)
8,265 (57)
8,000 (55)
5,900 (41)
Elastic modulus
(ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa)
236,000 (1,027)
277,700 (1,915)
330,000 (2,280)
289,768 (998)
300,000 (2,068)
278,000 (1,917)
Elongation (ASTM D638)
% at yield 6% 4.4% 4.8% 4.3% 3% 6%
Impact strength
(notched Izod test)
ft-lb/in of notch (J/m)
2.0 (107)
1.8 (96.4)
1 (53)
1.6 (86)
1.1 (58.73)
3.7 (196)
Hardness (Rockwell)
R105 R108 R115 not available M86 R110
General information
Glass-transition
temperature ºC
104º 116º 161º 161º 230º 125º
Heat-deflection
temperature ºC
@66 psi @264 psi
90º
76º
86º
73º
138º
127º
133º
127º
n/a
189º
110º
96º
Source: Materials Sheets, Stratasys, http://www.fortus.com/fused_deposition_modeling_materials.aspx, March 2010
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 52 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Technology Fused Deposition Modeling
Manufacturer Stratasys (2 of 2)
Material ABS M30 ABS-M30i ABS Plus ULTEM* 9085
Type of material
ABS with improved strength ABS with improved strength
and biocompatibility ABS with improved strength thermoplastic
Type of machine
FDM 400mc, Fortus 360mc, Fortus 400mc, Fortus 900mc
Fortus 400mc, Fortus 900mc
FDM 200mc, Fortus 200mc
Fortus 400mc, Fortus 900mc
Notes
greater tensile, impact, and flexural strength than
standard ABS filament, 25-70% improved strength
over standard ABS
high strength, biocompatible (ISO 10993 certified), can be
gamma or EtO sterilized, good mechanical properties
blend combines the most desirable properties of both
materials, up to 40% improved strength over
standard ABS
flame retardant, high strength to weight ratio, FST rating, ideal for the transportation
industry
Physical properties
Tensile strength
(ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa)
5,200 (36)
5,200 (36)
5,200 (36)
10,390 (72)
Elastic modulus
(ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa)
350,000 (2,400)
350,000 (2,400)
329,500 (2,300)
322,000 (2,200)
Elongation (ASTM D638)
% at yield 4% 4% 4% 5.9%
Impact strength
(notched Izod test)
ft-lb/in of notch (J/m)
2.6 (139)
2.6 (139)
1.8 (96)
2.0 (106)
Hardness (Shore D-scale)
109.5 Rockwell R
109.5 Rockwell
not available not available
General information
Glass-transition
temperature ºC
108º 108º not available 186º
Heat-deflection temperature ºC
@66 psi @264 psi
96º 82º
96º 82º
96º 82º
n/a 53º
Source: Materials Sheets, Stratasys®, http://www.fortus.com/fused_deposition_modeling_materials.aspx, March 2010
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 53 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Technology
Digital Light Processing
Manufacturer
Envisiontec
Material NanoCure
RC25 Perfactory
R05 Perfactory
R11 Perfactory
Y8 Perfactory PIC-100
Perfactory e-Shell 200
Perfactory e-Shell 300
Perfactory WIC100G
Series
Perfactory SI 500
Type of material
nanoparticle-filled
photopoly-mer
photo-polymer
photo-polymer
photo-polymer
photo-polymer
photo-reactive acrylate
photo-reactive acrylate
photopolymer photopolymer
Type of machine
all Perfactory, Vanquish
all Perfactory, Standard, Vanquish
all Perfactory, Standard, Vanquish
all Perfactory, standard, Vanquish
all Perfactory all
Perfactory, Vanquish
Perfactory UV machines
only
all Perfactory products
Perfactory products
Notes
for strong, stiff, high-
temperature resistant
composite parts
for robust and
accurate parts that
are polypro-
pylene-like
for robust and
accurate parts that
are polypro-
pylene-like
for flexible, high impact
strength parts
for investment casting, the resin melts into liquid
wax
Class IIa bio-
compatible photo-
polymer
Class IIa bio-compatible
photo-polymer
nano wax content,
allows for clean burnout
for direct investment
casting
high-temperature
ABS-like photopolymer,
high impact strength similar to
thermoplastics
Physical properties
Tensile strength
(ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa)
6,600 (46)
7,208 (49.7)
7,832 (54.0)
3,960 (27.3)
2,437 (16.8)
8,383 (57.8)
7,484 (51.6)
2,146.6 (14.8)
11,327 (78.1)
Elastic modulus
(ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa)
709,000 (4,890)
n/a n/a 40,900-102,500
(282-707) n/a
348,100(2,400)
n/a n/a 388,700 (2,680)
Elongation (ASTM D638)
% at yield
2.5% (at break)
5.24% (at break)
3.70% (at break)
27% (at break)
7.46% (at break)
6% (at break)
6.62% (at break)
6.3% 4.39%
Impact strength
(notched Izod) of notch kJ/m2
0.016 5.05 4.59 5.4 11.03 2.1 4.99 n/a .061-.071
Hardness (Shore D-
scale) 93.1 86 87 78 69 83 85 80 85
General information
Glass-transition
temperature ºC
70º 120-150º 151-192º not available not available 109º 86-160º 300º
(ignition temp)61º
Source: Technical Data Sheets, Envisiontec, http://www.envisiontec.com/index.php?id=22, March 2010
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 54 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Technology Jetting
Manufacturer Solidscape
Material InduraCast InduraFill
Type of material
thermoplastic composition: natural and
synthetic waxes and fatty esters
Type of machine
T66 Benchtop System, T612 Benchtop System, R66 System
Notes
melting point: 203-230ºF (95-110ºC); coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) negligible; no residue after autoclave process; no shrinkage; distortion disintegration at normal temperatures;
non-toxic
melting point: 120-158ºF (49-70ºC); soluble in a mineral oil bath at 122-131ºF (50-55ºC);
no post-dissolve dry or cure time; no post-dissolve finishing or touch up necessary;
non-toxic
Physical properties
Tensile strength
(ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa)
Elastic modulus
(ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa)
Elongation (ASTM D638)
% at yield
Impact strength
(notched Izod) ft-lb/in of
notch (J/m)
not available not available
Hardness (Shore D-
scale) 65 45
General information
Glass-transition
temperature ºC
not available not available
Source: Material Properties Sheet, Solidscape, Inc.
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 55 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Technology 3DP Multi-Jet Modeling
Manufacturer Z Corporation 3D Systems
Material ZP 130 ZP 131 VisiJet SR
200 VisiJet HR 200
VisiJet DP 200
VisiJet CPX200
VisiJet CP200
Type of material high-performance composite powder model,
acrylic plasticmodel,
acrylic plasticmodel
wax modeling material
wax modeling material
Type of machine ZPrinter 310/450/650
Spectrum Z™510
ProJet SD, HD
Compatible
ProJet HD Compatible
ProJet DP Compatible
ProJet CPX Compatible
ProJet CP Compatible
Notes
Z Corp. machines “print” parts by jetting binder onto a base powder;
after fabrication, a part may be infiltrated for added strength;
making colored parts is possible by using colored water-based binder;
ZCast parts are not infiltrated
white, blue, or grey colored MJM model
material, thermal material
application, UV curing, provides superior stiffness, utilizes
VisiJet S100 White
Support Material
blue MJM model
material, thermal material
application, UV curing, high quality
surface finish, utilizes
VisiJet S100 White
Support Material
ideal material for high-quality, smooth
surface finish dental wax-ups, utilizes VisiJet S100
White Support Material
dark blue modeling material, hands-
free/melt away, easy
removal from small and
delicate part features, utilizes
VisiJet S200 White
Support Material
light blue modeling material, hands-
free/melt away, easy
removal from small and
delicate part features, utilizes
VisiJet S200 White
Support Material
Continued on the following page
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 56 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Manufacturer Z Corporation 3D Systems
Material ZP 130 ZP 131 VisiJet SR 200
VisiJet HR 200
VisiJet DP 200
VisiJet CPX200
VisiJet CP200
Physical properties
Tensile strength (ASTM D638)
lb/in2 (MPa)
3,480 (24)
3,480 (24)
3,800 (26.2)
4,640 (32)
4,640 (32)
n/a n/a
Elastic modulus (ASTM D638)
lb/in2 (MPa)
1,566,408 (10,800)
1,566,408 (10,800)
not available not available n/a n/a
Elongation (ASTM D638)
% at yield not available not available 6.1-8.97% 12.3% 12.3% n/a n/a
Impact strength (notched Izod test)
ft-lb/in of notch (J/m)
not available not available not available n/a n/a
Hardness (Shore D-scale)
87 87
not available
not available n/a n/a
General information
Heat Deflection temperature at 66 psi
in ºC 115º 115º not available
Source: Product Data Sheets, Z Corporation, March 2010; 3-D Printer Modeling Materials, 3D Systems, 3dsystems.com/products/materials/index.asp, March 2010
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 57 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Technology PolyJet
Manufacturer
Objet Geometries (Table 1 of 2)
Material FullCure®
720 FullCure® 830
Vero White FullCure® 840
Vero Blue FullCure® 870
Vero Black FullCure® 970 Tango Black
FullCure® 950 Tango Gray
FullCure® 930Tango Plus
Type of material
photopolymer resin
Type of machine
Eden 250/260/330/350/350V/500 Eden 330/350/350V/500
Notes general-purpose
transparent resin
good impact strength and flexural modulus with opaque colors
rubber-like flexible materials; black is slightly softer; gray is harder but still flexible
Physical properties
Tensile strength
(ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa)
8,744 (60.3)
7,221 (49.8)
7,990 (55.1)
7,352 (50.7)
290 (2.0)
632 (4.36)
211 (1.455)
Elastic modulus
(ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa)
416,150 (2,870)
361,775 (2,495)
397,300 (2,740)
317,840 (2,192)
not available not available 0.185 (27)
Elongation (ASTM D638)
% at yield
20% (at break)
20% (at break)
20% (at break)
17.7% (at break)
47.7% (at break)
47.0% (at break)
218% (at break)
Impact strength
(notched Izod test)
ft-lb/in of notch (J/m)
0.40 (21.3)
0.45 (24.1)
0.44 (23.6)
0.45 (23.9)
not available not available not available
Hardness (Shore D-scale)
83 83 83 83 61 (Shore A) 75 (Shore A) 27 (Shore A)
General information
Glass-transition temperature
ºC 48.7º 58.0º 48.7º 62.7º -10.7º 2.6º -9.6º
Source: Data Sheets, Materials for 3D Printing, Objet, http://www.objet.com/Materials/FullCureMaterials/tabid/78/Default.aspx, March 2010
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 58 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Technology PolyJet
Manufacturer
Objet Geometries (Table 2 of 2)
Material FullCure® 630 FullCure® 655 FullCure® 680 DurusWhite
FullCure® 430 FullCure® 980 Tango
Black FullCure® 850 Vero
Gray
Type of material
acrylate photo-polymer resin photopolymer resin
Type of machine
Eden 250/260/330/350/350V/500 Eden
330/350/350V/500
Eden 250/260/330/350/350
V/500
Notes hearing aid
material (clear)
hearing aid material
(rose clear)
hearing aid material
(skin tone)
DurusWhite general-purpose material
rubber-like flexible materials; black is
slightly softer than its grey counterpart
good impact strength and flexural modulus with opaque colors
Physical properties
Tensile strength
(ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa)
6,786 (46.8)
6,786 (46.8)
8,120 (56.0)
3,089 (21.3)
211 (1.455)
8,700 (60)
Elastic modulus
(ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa)
324,409 (2,237.3)
324,409 (2,237.3)
391,587 (2,700)
164,691 (1,135.8)
27 (.185)
435,000 (3,000)
Elongation (ASTM D638)
% at break 20% 20% 10% 44.2% 218% 15%
Continued on the following page
Wohlers Report 2010 Appendix E: Material Properties
COPYRIGHT © 2010 59 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
Material FullCure® 630 FullCure® 655 FullCure® 680 DurusWhite
FullCure® 430 FullCure® 980 Tango
Black FullCure® 850 Vero
Gray
Impact strength (notched Izod test) ft-lb/in of
notch (J/m)
0.43 (23.2)
0.43 (23.2)
0.42 (22.2)
0.83 (44.22)
not available 0.47 (25)
Hardness (Shore D-
scale) 83 83 85 76 61 (Shore A) 86
General information
Glass-transition
temperature ºC
44.9º 44.9º 58.5º 35.9º -9.6º 56.5º
Source: Data Sheets, Materials for 3D Printing, http://www.objet.com/Materials/FullCureMaterials/tabid/78/Default.aspx, March 2010 Note: Data was supplied by the material vendors and has not been verified through independent testing. Wohlers Associates makes no claims as to the suitability of any material for any purpose. Users of any materials should read and understand each material’s Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use. Test values have not been derived by identical methods. Not all physical testing has been done according to ASTM procedures or on test bars produced on additive manufacturing equipment. Data should be used for general comparison purposes only. Contact the material vendors for pricing information.