Appendix D-pipe Materials-exp & Support

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Appendix D: Pipe Materials,

Expansion, and Support

32P A R T

32

H V A C E Q U AT I O N S , D A TA , A N D R U L E S O F T H U M B



702 PART 32

32.01 Pipe Properties

A. Properties of Copper, Steel, and Stainless Steel Pipe Table Notes:

1. Un-Insulated Piping: Add 20% for hangers and supports.

2. Insulated Piping: Add 25% for hangers, supports, and insulation.3. Readily Available Types K, L, and M Copper Pipe Sizes—1 ⁄ 2″ , 3 ⁄ 4″ , 1″ , 11 ⁄ 4″ , 11 ⁄ 2″ , 2″ , 21 ⁄ 2″ , 3″ ,

4″ , 6″ , 8″ , 10″ , 12″ :

a. Type L copper pipe is the most common copper pipe used in HVAC applications.

b. Types K, L, and M copper may be hard drawn or annealed (soft) temper.

1) Hard drawn copper pipe has higher allowable stress than annealed copper pipe.

c. Types K, L, and M designate decreasing wall thicknesses.

d. Type K is generally used for higher pressure/temperature applications and for direct

burial.

e. Type M copper pipe should not be used where subject to external damage.f. Copper pipe is manufactured in accordance with ASTM Standard B88.

4. Readily Available Steel Pipe Sizes—1 ⁄ 2″ , 3 ⁄ 4″ , 1″ , 11 ⁄ 4″ , 11 ⁄ 2″ , 2″ , 21 ⁄ 2″ , 3″ , 4″ , 6″ , 8″ , 10″ , 12″ ,

14″ , 16″ , 18″ , 20″ , 24″ , 30″ , 36″ , 42″ , 48″ , 54″ , 60″ , 72″ , 84″ , 96″ :

a. Standard steel pipe is the most common steel pipe used in HVAC applications.

b. Standard and XS steel pipe are available in sizes through 96 inch.

c. XXS steel pipe is available in sizes through 12 inch.

d. Schedule 40 steel pipe is available in sizes through 96 inch.

e. Schedule 80 and 160 steel pipe are available in sizes through 24 inch.

f. Standard and Schedule 40 steel pipe have the same dimensions for 10 inch and smaller.g. XS and Schedule 80 steel pipe have the same dimensions for 8 inch and smaller.

h. XXS and Schedule 160 have no dimensional relationship.

i. Steel pipe is manufactured in accordance with ASTM Standards A53 and A106.

j. The ASTM standards refer to steel pipe grades A and B. Grade A steel pipe has a lower

tensile strength and is not generally used for HVAC applications.

k. The ASTM standards refer to steel pipe Type E, S, and F:

1) Type E (also referred to as ERW) steel pipe refers to electric resistance welded steel

pipe.

2) Type S steel pipe refers to seamless steel pipe.

3) Type F steel pipe refers to furnace-butt welded steel pipe. This type is generally notused in HVAC applications and is only available in Grade A.

5. Readily Available Stainless Steel Pipe Sizes—1 ⁄ 2″ , 3 ⁄ 4″ , 1″ , 11 ⁄ 4″ , 11 ⁄ 2″ , 2″ , 21 ⁄ 2″ , 3″ , 4″ , 6″ , 8″ ,

10″ , 12″ , 14″ , 16″ , 18″ , 20″ , 24″ .

6. Pipe Sizes 5″ , 22″ , 26″ , 28″ , 32″ , and 34″ are not standard sizes and not readily available

in all locations.

7. Piping installations are generally governed by one of the following three codes (see also

Part 19):

a. ASME B31.1-1998: Power Piping:

1) Applicable to Electric Generating Stations, Industrial and Institutional Plants, Cen-tral and District Heating/Cooling Plants, and Geothermal Heating.

b. ASME B31.3-1999: Process Piping:

1) Applicable to Petroleum Refineries, Chemical, Pharmaceutical, Textile, Paper,

Semiconductor, and Cryogenic Plants.

c. ASME B31.9-1996: Building Services Piping:

1) Applicable to Industrial,Institutional,Commercial,and Public Buildings and Multi-

Unit Residences.

2) Most HVAC applications fall under ASME B31.9 requirements.



Appendix D: Pipe Materials, Expansion, and Support 703

Properties of Copper Pipe



704 PART 32

Properties of Steel Pipe







706 PART 32








708 PART 32

Properties of Stainless Steel Pipe




Thermal Expansion of Metal Pipe

32.02 Pipe Expansion



710 PART 32

Thermal Expansion of Metal Pipe

L-Bend, Z-Bend and U-Bend or Loop Table Notes:1. Table based on ASTM A53, Grade B, Steel Pipe.2. Temperature range applicable through 400°F.3. Table also applicable to copper tube.4. For equations and diagrams relating to pipe expansion see Part 5, Equations.5. L-Bend, Z-Bend, and U-Bend or Loop dimensions are minimum dimensions, recommend round-

ing up to nearest 1 ⁄ 2 foot (H = 2W).




Pipe Expansion L-Bends



712 PART 32

Pipe Expansion Z-Bends




Pipe Expansion U-Bends or Loops



714 PART 32








716 PART 32

32.03 Pipe Support

Horizontal Pipe Support Spacing




Vertical Pipe Support Spacing



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Appendix D-pipe Materials-exp & Support