Appendix Compressor Selection and Sizing

8/19/2019 Appendix Compressor Selection and Sizing

1/52

Factors

bbreviations A = angstrom, atm = standard atmosphere, 760 mm of Hg at 0°C, cal = calorieam), cm = centimeter, deg = degree, gal = gallon, U.S. liquid, gm (and g) = gram, gmole =

am-mole, J = joule, kcal = kilocalorie, kg = kilogram, kJ = kilojoulc, km = kilometer, kW =owatt, 1 = liter, lb = avoirdupois pound, m = meter, mi = mile (U.S.) mm = millimeter, N =wton, oz = avoirdupois ounce, pmole = pound mole, pt = pint, rad = radian, rev = revolution, ssecond, ton = short U.S. ton, V = volt, W = watt. Others are as usual.

N TH

' 0.3937 J L_cm

30. 48 .£ ] 2.54 _£"Lin .

3.28

REA

4 929 6.452ft2

9


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92 Compressors Selection and Sizing

OLUME

28." 1- 7.4 81 5 3.7854.1. 28.317 _L t

ft3 ga ft3

1 8 . P 1 1 P ± 61.025 lgal gal m3 i

NSITY

728^ 16 018̂ 1000 J^

lb/in.3 lb/ft3 gm/cm3

NGULAR

rr = 6.2832 2^ 57.3^8 9.549 JESLrev rad rad/sec

T M SPEED

0 _L. 3600 £ 60 Hl2 0.3048 ^ 1 57. 4min hr hr fps ips

ORCE MASS

>— 2 . 2 0 5 ^ 1000 ^ 2000^ 453.6ibni kg kip ton ibm

0s ^2£ 28. 35 IE 907. 18 M 1000 __N oz ton met ric ton

RESSURE

psi N / m2 mm Hg(0°C) N /m 2 in . Hg(0°C)

4.696 101,325 51.715 47.88 29.921 atm atm psi psf atm

3.57 703 07^ 6894 8^ 14.504 £ now Psi

in. Hg(60°F) psi psi bar in. H 2O(60°F)

.01325^ 0.4898 _ P f _ _ _ 760 ^ M ^ * * 70 in " H

^39 2 °F>

atm in . Hg 60°F) atm

731 ^f kg/cm2bar psi


3/52

ppendix —Conversion Factors 493

ERGY ND POWER

778.16 t £ 2544.4 JE. 5050 lP± r 550 L* 42 .4 ?'" . 33,000 JHL.Bin hp-hr f t I b h p - s hp-min hp-min

3412.2 J*5L 737.562. ^. 56.87 _§ H_ 3600 J^L- 0.74 6^kW-hr k W- s kW-min kW-hr hp

NIVERS L G S CONST NT

545.32 _ d*_. 8 .3143__M_ 1.9859 _J* L_pmole-°R kgmo e-K pmole-°R

.9859 cal 10.731 P si ' ft3

gmoie-K pmo e-°R


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ppendix B


5/52


6/52

Figure B 2. Psychrometric chart atmospheric air,mixture pressure barometric) 29.921 in. Hg. FromShort Kent and Walls Pressure-Enthalpy Charts forSelected Engineering Substances, Gulf PublishingCompany Houston TX, 1970.)

M Tff c CHARTAtmospheric ir

turt ressure QaromrtrizjZS. 921

aa.

£ >• OM/ 7rmf*fvffain0 f


7/52

gure B 3. Psychrometric chart atmospheric air,ixture pressure barometric) 29.921 in. Hg. Fromort, Kent and Walls, Pressure Enthalpy Chans forlected Engineering Substances Gulf Publishing

ompany, Houston, TX, 1970.)

a.

cc

•

a.


8/52


9/52

CAR8QN DiOXiDE

PRESSURE ENTH ALPY DIAGRAM

pecific n t r o p h y fu ».-R T «Temperature * ,*F. t./lb.

DATUM; C graphite) and 0 8 gas) e« 0*R ana 0 psiaH« 0 , S* f t l nP«O

MTHM.P1 MU./L«,

1-5. Carbon dioxide pressure-enthalpy diagram. From Edmister and Lee, Applied Hydrocarbon Thermodynamics


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e;sd


11/52

Appendix B—Pressure Enthalpy nd Compressibility 501

6 7 8 9

igur B-7. Freon-12* pressure-enthalpy diagram. Reprinted by permissiond courtesy of E. I. DuPbnt De Nemours and Co.) *Freon and Freon—folwed by numerals are DuPont trademarks.


12/52


igure B 8. Freon-12* pressure-enthalpy diagram. Reprinted by permissionnd courtesy of E. I. DuPont De Nemours and Co.) *Freon and Freon— fol-owed by numerals are DuPont trademarks.


13/52

Appendix B—Pressure Enthalpy nd Compressibility 5 3

Entliolpy.Btu/lb FREON 22

igur B 9. Freon-22* pressure-enthalpy diagram. Reprinted by permissiond courtesy of E. I. DuPont De Nemours and Co.) *Freon and Freon—fol-wed by numerals are DuPont trademarks.


14/52

Compressors Selection nd Sizing

igure B 10. Freon-22* pressure-enthalpy diagram. Reprinted

y permissiond courtesy of E. I. DuPont De Nemours and Co.) *Freon and Freon—fol

wed by numerals are DuPbnt trademarks.


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3C

O

3o

O C

c 38>0o „


16/52


17/52

NITRO N

PRESSURE - ENTHALPY DIAGRAM

S.Specific Entropy.V.Specific Volume. cu t . 16.

DATUM I N 2 (gull at 0*R and 0 psio «

B-13, Nitrogen pressure-enthalpy diagram. From Edmister and Lee, pplied Hydrocarbon hermodynamics Vol.Second Edition, ulf Publishing Company, Houston, TX, 1984.)


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12 14 tl IM 5 U« MO »

a

o

Figure B-14. Oxygen pressure-enthalpy diagram , From Short Kent and Walls Pressure Enthalpy Charts for Engineering Substances Gulf Publishing Company; Houston TX , 1970.)


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20/52


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2 8 6O 7 2 l00 3 CO 43 2O 1000 8 »». 80 6 0 40 20 63 SO 66ETHANEP R E S S U R E - ENTHALPY D I G R M

S.Spicific n t ropy 8fu/lb.Rv. Specific Volume, cu.lt./lb.

QATU« : e


22/52


23/52

PROPANE

PRESSURE ENTHALPY DIAGRAMS=SPECIFIC ENTROPY, BTU PER LB, R

T=TEMPERATURE.. *FV=SPECIFIC VOLUME, CU. FT. PER LB.

DATUM: C GRAPHITE) AND H2 GAS) AT 0*RO PSIA H = 0, S MIM P = 0

80 60 40 20 -500 80 50 40 20 -100

B-19. Propane pressure-enthalpy diagram. From Edmister and Lee Hydrocarbon Thermodynamics Vol. I.Edition Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, TX, 1984.)

en •


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ISO-BUTANEPRESSURE - ENTHALPY DIAGRAM

Entropy, Btu/ lb. R T • Temperature,Volume

t end H,C««*J a O*R gntf Opsie

H«O,

s -5se tso -**o -SZ G -cot -MO -MO -S4S -HO -see .4*0 -ato 4455 ,420 -«*> .MS .)«Q

0 -MO -100 -MO -MO -MO -«M -«0a -T80 -?iO -T40 -?20 -W» -MO -MO -«4O MO -MO -5ZO - OO -4«0 -4SO -440 -«O -4CO -J»0 -J«0 -» «0

B 20 Iso-butane pressure-enthalpy diagram, From Edmister and Lee, Applied H ydrocarbon Thermodynam ics Vol. Icond Edition, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, TX, 1984.)


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55 450 «0 «»0 »?0 »5S MO

V-Sptcitic Votont. cu.tt./lb.DATUM: gfophil.) rrtt N 2{«M m 0*R and O p

H«0, $««i *f»«O

•» -tie -«o -wo -«»o -«se -«o .*H> -TSO -Tta -r»o «to •*•»« -«so -«io -wo -MO -sw -*so -s»s -sis -*w -«so -«e -HO -STO -350

Figure B-21. N-butane pressure-enthalpy diagram. From Edraister and Lee. Applied Hydrocarbon Thermodynamics Vol I,Second Edition, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, TX, 1984.)

en


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27/52

n - P E N TA N EPRESSURE - ENTHSLPY DIAGRAM

.Specific Entropy, Btu/lfe-R T'Tt Specific Volum*, cu l i / lb

DATUM :C Qn»Mto)


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18 Compressors Selection nd Sizing

00

99

98

.97

.96

.95

.94

93

92

91

compressibility factor Z = Pv/RT

.900 0 01 0 02 0 03 0 04 0 05 0 06 0 07 0 08 0 09 0 10

reduced pressure Pr

igure B 24. Generalized compressibility chart. Excerpted by special permis-on from Chemical Engineering, July 1959, copyright © 1954, by McGraw-ill, Inc., New York NY.)


29/52

compressibility factor Z = Pv/RT

5 0 6

reduced pressure Pr

gure B-25. Generalized compressibility chart Excerpted by special Chemical 1959,yright © 1954, by McGraw-Hill Inc., ew York NY.

en


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eeo

o

s o 2°O•o o

3 >oc O.

** *

» o


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r- compressibility factor 2 = Pv RT

Sto

reduced pressure Pr

ur B 27. Generalized compressibility chart. Excerpted by special from 1959,yright © 1954, by McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, NY.)


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^to•

o

8C

b

3a

5B

o.O

§

00

r

o o - -

a£ r o •

° §


33/52

PaA 50OO. i ... i

IO,OOO 15,000P R E S S U R E

O OOO 25 000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45.000

SIA.120

1OOO 3000 4000 SOOO 6OOO 6SOO*-PSIA

QC

C

.

i:

100

09 0

0.80

COMPRESSJBILITY CHART FOR NATURALGAS O 65 SPECIFIC GRAVITY

A) AMERICAN GAS ASSOCIATION PARO TO 4OOO PSIA.

B) COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR CHARTS FOR NATURAL GAS- CARL GATLW, THE PIPELINE ENGINEER.AUGUST, I957 MISCELLANEOUS GAS CUAVCS) USED 3OOº AND 350ºF FOR ALL PRESSURES,AND 0º TO 250ºF ABOVE 6000 PSIA OR 0º TO 250ºF, 4OOO TO 6OOO PSIA, AN AVERAGEOF THE TWO SOURCES IS USED

INGERSOLL RAND COMPANY 1966

tSEARCH PROJECT MX-H I«62I USED 0 TO 2SO*F AW

350 77300 1492 SO 121

200 93ISO 82160 71140 60

120 49100 37.880 26.760 IS.640 4.42O -6.70 -17.8

7OOO 8000I ' ' ' ' t

7

060

0.50

0.40

l.SO

1 50

14 O

i O

I 2O

MO

KPaA-*

i i1 ' i

50 000 55 000 60 000

sx

Co

65 000

B-29, gas compressibility chart, 0,65 S.G. (Reprinted by and of


34/52

o

o -ooon

T O

J


35/52

i f ijiqiss jdutoj pun «//mfftr.j-a/m S3Jc/— g xipus y


36/52


37/52

D

£ fyfiqissaiduioj puv Miv^u^ —g xipuaddy


38/52

0 L O

£ j MOi WJ


39/52

ppWIulX If

hysic l

9


40/52

53 ompressors election and izing

TABLE C-1Physical Constants of Hydrocarbons

o.

123

456

89

101123

14

156171819

01

2345

6n-y

901234

356

37

83940

)

423

4445

46474849

505152535455565758596061

626364

C o m p o u n d

MelhoneE thonePropane

n-Butanetsobutone

n -Pen t ane

Neopentane

n-Henone2-Methylpentane3_Methy penianeN*ohe«ane2,3-Dimethyylbutane

n-Haptone2_Methylh«tnjne3_MethylheMone3_£thylpemon«2,2-Dimethylpentone2,4~Dimethylpentone3,3-Dimethylp*nion-Triptane

n-OeianeD n s o b u t y l

n~Nonane

CycrohexoneMefhylcyclohenone

EthylencP, 0 p.nei_8u ieneCi«-2-But»neTr

- 434 8 . 24 '-361.8i24)-346 0 < 2 4 i-149 8124 '

32 0_ —

-173 6 16;

C

°

£̂d

667 8707.8616.3

550.7529.1

488.6490.4464. C

436.9436.6453 1446.84 5 3 . 5

396 8396.5408.1419 3402.2396 94 2 7 . 2428.4

360 6360 6372 4332304.

653.8548 9

5 91503,5

729 8669,

583.

610.

595.

580.

590.

( 6 5 3 . )628.

. ( 5 5 8 . 4 1

890.4

710' 45 9 5 . 9523 55 4 1 , 4

513.6509.2580.

4 6 5 . 4

11 7 4 . 2 ( 2 1 '925.3,21507. .17 I

1071, i ) 7 i1306 .117)1145. ,24)1636, 17 )

547 ,2> 88 M 7 :73 6 9 : 2 4 '49 3 0(24.

1118 4 - 2 4 )

3208 17 ;

119ft i 7 » .

i l i c a i c o n s r o n

-

Ijf

-116.6390.09

206.01

305,652 7 4 , 9 8385.7369.10321. 3

4 5 3 . 74 3 5 . 8 34 4 8 , 3420 134 4 0 , 2 9

512 8495,00503 785 1 3 , 4 8477 23475.95505 85496 44

564 22530 4451 9 466)0 68

652 1

461 54 9 9 . 3 5

536 .7570 27

48 58196,9295.63 2 4 , 3 73 11 . 8 62 9 2 , 5 53 7 6 , 9 3

( 3 3 9 . )306

( 4 1 2 , 195 ,31

5 52 22605 556 5 1 - 2 46 7 5 , 0

6 5 1 , 0 2649 67 0 6 - 06 7 6 - 4

462,97(2 )4 6 9 . 5 8 i 2 1 )

-220.i l? ' ,8 7 . 9 ( 2 3 )

2 1 2 , 7 m l

315.5(175270. 3124-

-221. 3(2',-399 8 , 1 ? >- 181 1 17)-232 4 ( 2 4 i

2 9 1 - 1 7 '

7 0 5 6 . 17 ,

12 4 5 17'

s

1J

j3

f

0 - 0 9 9 10-07880 , 0 7 3 7

0.07020.0724

"0.06750.06790,0674

Q.068B0.06810.06810.06670,0665

0.06910.0673'0,06460,06*50,06650,06680.06620,0636

0,06900 06760 0656

0.0684

0.0679

0 0590,0607

0 05860.0600

0 - 0 7 3 70.06890.06850.06680.06800.06820.0697

(0 .0649)0.0654

(0.0650)

0.0695

0,0531O.Q5490.0564

0.05570.05670.0572(5.0541O.OS70

0.0589(21}0,0580(21)0.0532(17?0,0342(23)0.0459(24'0.0306(2*)Ql)68i; 7iO.Q517,'3>0 5167 24,'0 0 3 8 2 : 2 4 )0 0 5 1 4 i 1 7 )0.02811.17)G .

0500: 17?

0 0208' 17;

EPRINTED WITH PERMISSION FHOM ENGINEERINQ DATA BOOK NINTH EDITION 1»72 4th REVISION im GAS PROCESSORS SUPPLIERS ASSOCIATION


41/52

ppendix C—Physical onstants of Hydrocarbons 531

TABLE C-1 (continued)Physical onstants of Hydrocarbons

0»n»

>>""JO

£ M

s |

a om -o

0 3 'Q.3S64 h

0.5077h

0,5844h

0,563l h

0.63100.62470.5967 h

0.66400.65790.66890.65400.66640 6 3 3 20.6830

0.69170.70280.67820.67730.69760.6946

0.7068069790 6 9 6 2072170,?3420.75040 75360 7 8 3 40.7740

0.5220 h0.4013 h

Q.6271h0 .6100 h

0.6004 h

0.64570.658 h ,Q.6272h06861Q.ATs1

0,88440.87180.87J80.88480,8687

Q.S6S70.9110O.S6630.796(30.794(3)0.801 "(8)0.827 h 6)0,79 h f611.397 h«l4)0 6173(11)0 8S6« 8)0 07"


42/52


TABLE C-1 (continued)Physical onstants of Hydrocarbons

No.

123

4

6789

10111213

14

151617181920212223242S

26

272t293031323334ISS637

38394041

424344

454647

48

4?so515293545556

57585940fll

«a6364

tan«

2>M*thylh«xan*3-M«thylh»«an«3~£thylp«ntono2,2—0 tmothy lp«nlon«2,4— Dimothylpontan*3,3-Diffl*»hylp*n

.J

5. 02. 92.1

.8

.8

.4

.4

.4

.22

(1.2).2

(1.2)

0.96(0.98)1.00.87»

0.78»

(1 .4)(1.2)1.31.2

2.72.01.6

(1.6)(1.6)(1.6)1.4

(2.02.0

0.5)2 5

39

29

0.999

.19la

.19

1 10.88B

6.72(5)3.28(5)

12.50(5)

4.30(5)

15.50(5)

4.00(5)

-cm

15 .013 . 0

9.5

8.48. 4

8. 3(8.3)(8.3)7.7

(7 .7)(7.7)(7 .7)(7.7)

7.0

(7.0)(7.0){7.0)(7.0)(7.0)(7.0)(7.0)

2.9

2.6

8 . 3 5

7.8

34.01

9 -3

8.7

(12.)11.5

80.7.997 .196.78

6 .496 . 4 96 .69

6.16 .58

36.5018.9574.20

45.50

37.00

74.20

A S T M

~K»

E f-

0 O

+.05 (

97 1

89 6'97.6

62.6'90.380.2

26.073. S7 4 . 393 .494 3

0.0

46.45 5 869.395.683.886.60+0.1'

55.7100.

84.9 1

80.0

77.271.1

75.684.9

80.6183.5

7 7 . 1

81.0

+2.8*-KS..3'97 9

100.+2.8'+1.2*

+0.2'99.3

—

£

1|§• e Q

a

+1.6 ' , H.§'.'93.8" .

+.10'- 1

61.7'9J.38S.S

24.873 .474 .591.8+0.3 1

0.0

43 .452.065.092.883 J80. 8tl.8 1

55.2100.

+0.1*91 .3

13.074.9

+.fti*+0.2 f

97 .4too

90.9

99.1

-H'J«"+0.8*

+4.0'+3.4<

>«.'+2.1 1

—

—


43/52

Appendix

traight Labyrinth Seal

A P,= 5.76K

v l / 2( l - cx ) 7 (RT, ) 2

here

W = weight flow, Ib/sec

A = annular area, in2

5


44/52


= upstream labyrinth pressure, psiaR = specific gas constant = 1,545/MWT1 = upstream labyrinth temperature, °R

2 ~i 1 / 21 –

= pressure factor =

ee Figures D-l and D-2)

r = labyrinth pressure ratio = P2/P1P2 = downstream labyrinth pressure, psiaN = number of restrictions

8 52a = residual energy factor =

S–1 + 7.23

ee Figure D-4)s = axial distance between restrictions, in} = tip width of restriction, inc = radial clearance, in

K = flow coefficient (see Figure D-3)

24WRe = Reynolds number

ote: Values of g u may be substituted directly from Figure D-6.nits are correct.

D = labyrinth diameter, inu = absolute viscosity, lb-sec/ft2

g = gravitational constant, ft/sec2

taggered abyrinth Seal

his formula differs from that of the straight seal in that the residualergy term >/l - a is omitted and B is a function of the equivalentmber of restrictions N .


45/52

ppendix D— labyrinth and Carbon Ring Seal Leakage Calculations 535

N' = (N/2) yhere

1ST = equivalent number of restrictionsN = actual number of restrictionsy = a function of s/c (See Figure D-5)

should be noted that for values of s/c greater than 15, the reduction in

akage attained by using a staggered labyrinth is very small. The reduc-on in flow varies from

10 at s/c = 15 to 8 at s/c = 50.

arbon Ring eal

__ iOTOccDhPo ;— _ _ _

(RT 0 n)l /2

here

W = leakage, Ib/min.D = shaft diameter, inh = radial clearance, in

P 0 = high side pressure, psiaTO = temperature, °RR = specific gas constantn = number of rings in seriesa = parameter, function of u p 0 (see Figure D-7)

here

u = PH/PQ Pn = low side pressure, psia

Po = .02(s/h) = seal ring width, in

Equations and charts:Courtesy of A-C Compressor Corporation.


46/52

s


47/52

uv


48/52

3


49/52

Appendix D—Labyrinth and Carbon Ring Seal Leakage Calculations 539

P T OF RESIDU L ENERGY F CTOR S FUNCTION OF SE L GEOMETRY

FOR S T R I G H T L B Y R I N T H S

RESIDU L ENERGY F CTO R /1

Figure D 4. Residual energy factors for straight labyrinths

Reprinted bypermission and courtesy of A-C Compressor Corporation)


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51/52

w oCM W

8 8o Q o

vi mi iO OB 4— Q o O

o o o O p

c^

s ? S

3 ofa O


52/52

Compressors: Selection and Sizing

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 1 0

igur D 7. Carbon seal leakage calculation parameters. Reprinted yermission and courtesy of A-C Compressor Corporation)

Documents

Appendix Compressor Selection and Sizing