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Sheep Paddocks Trail Alignment Analysis
LEES+Associates
-128-
APPENDIX C: ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT
Prepared for:
Prepared by:
August 2013
SHEEP PADDOCKS TRAIL
Phase 1: Route Selection
Environmental Impact Assessment
Sheep Paddocks Trail Phase 1 – Route Selection
Environmental Impact Assessment
ii AquaTerra Environmental Ltd.
22 August 2013 LEES + Associates Landscape Architects 509 – 318 Homer Street Vancouver, BC V6B 2V2 and Metro Vancouver Parks 4330 Kingsway Burnaby, BC V5H 4G8
Attention: Mr. Nalon Smith and Ms. Jamie Vala Re: Sheep Paddocks Trail – Phase 1: Route Selection Environmental Impact
Assessment [FINAL] Please find enclosed a copy of the report titled ‘Sheep Paddocks Trail – Phase 1: Route
Selection’ for review and use by LEES+Associates and Metro Vancouver.
If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact us.
Sincerely,
Chris Lee, M.Sc., RPBio. Principal / Senior Project Biologist AquaTerra Environmental Ltd.
Byron Kirkham, B.Sc., RPBio. Senior Biologist AquaTerra Environmental Ltd.
Sheep Paddocks Trail Phase 1 – Route Selection
Environmental Impact Assessment
iii AquaTerra Environmental Ltd.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................. iii LIST OF IN-TEXT TABLES ............................................................................................. iv LIST OF IN-TEXT FIGURES ............................................................................................ v LIST OF APPENDICES .................................................................................................... v 1 PROJECT OVERVIEW ............................................................................................. 1
1.1 Environmental Impact Assessment Objectives ............................................. 3 1.2 Existing Trails and Historical Compensation Efforts .................................... 3 1.3 Proposed Trail Route Options ......................................................................... 4
2 BACKGROUND REVIEW RESULTS ....................................................................... 5 2.1 Historical Reports ............................................................................................. 5
2.1.1 Colony Farm Land Use Plan 5 2.1.2 Lower Coquitlam River Fish Habitat and Flooding assessment 6 2.1.3 Environmental Inventory and Sensitive Area Analysis of the
Western Portion of Colony Farm Regional Park 7 2.1.4 Terrestrial and Aquatic Studies for the Northwest Section of
Colony Farm Regional Park 10 2.2 Databases and Mapping Utilities – Sensitive Species / Species-at-
Risk ................................................................................................................... 11 2.3 Existing Watercourse Data ............................................................................. 14 2.4 Aerial Photographs ......................................................................................... 15
3 FIELD SURVEYS AND ASSOCIATED FINDINGS ................................................ 16 3.1 Description of Watercourse Crossings and Fish Habitat ............................ 17
3.1.1 Route 1A 17 3.1.2 Route 1B 18 3.1.3 Route 2A 18 3.1.4 Route 2B 18 3.1.5 Route 3 21
3.2 Fish Observations ........................................................................................... 22 3.3 Compensation Requirement .......................................................................... 22 3.4 Description of Terrestrial Ecosystems and Associated Vegetation ........... 22
3.4.1 Invasive Species 23 3.5 Description of Observed Wildlife ................................................................... 25
3.5.1 Mammals 25 3.5.2 Birds 25 3.5.3 Amphibians and Reptiles 27 3.5.4 Invertebrates 27
4 PRELIMINARY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ............................... 27 4.1 Environmental Constraints for Each Route Option ..................................... 27 4.2 Impact Evaluation Matrix ................................................................................ 30
5 RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................... 32 5.1 Recommended Route – Environmental Considerations ............................. 32
6 PHASE 2 DATA REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................ 34 7 PERMITS AND APPROVALS ................................................................................ 34 8 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................ 35
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LIST OF IN-TEXT TABLES
Table 1: Anticipated Trail Construction Effort, Environmental Sensitivities, and
Associated Environmental Protection Measures
Table 2: Vegetation Sensitivity Class - Tera (2009)
Table 3: Compiled Confirmed and Potentially Occurring Sensitive Species / Species-at-
Risk Data for the Project Area
Table 4: Watercourse Crossing Locations and Attributes, Fish Observations, Crossing
Recommendations, and Compensation Requirements
Table 5: 2013 Field Surveys - Incidental Bird Observations
Table 6: Environmental Constraints for Proposed Trail Route Options - Italics (Tera
2009 comments); Bold (AquaTerra 2013 comments)
Table 7: Sheep Paddocks Trail - Phase 1 Impact Evaluation Matrix
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LIST OF IN-TEXT FIGURES
Figure 1: Project Area & Surrounding Areas (Colony Farm Land Use Plan [1995]
Figure 2: Project Area Land Use Designation (Metro Vancouver)
Figure 3: Proposed Trail Route Options
Figure 4: Trail Locations and Recommended Structures for Watercourse Crossings
Figure 5: Sheep Paddocks - Environmentally Sensitive Areas
Figure 6: Common Cattail Marsh - Blue-listed Ecosystem - Approximate Boundaries
(Tera 2009)
Figure 7: City of Coquitlam Q the Map Watercourse / Wetland Results
Figure 8: 1979 Provincial Floodplain Orthophotograph
Figure 9: 2006 Aerial Photograph Illustrating Sheep Paddocks in Southern Portion of
the Project Area
Figure 10: Areas Traversed During 2013 Field Surveys (Yellow)
Figure 11: Trail Route Options and Watercourse Crossings
Figure 12: Approximate Location of Route 3 Traversed by AquaTerra Personnel
Figure 13: Invasive Species Map - Tera and Robertson (2010)
Figure 14: Invasive Species Trail Assessment Areas
Figure 15: Areas of High Bird Diversity - Shrub Dominated Habitats - Trail Route 2A
Figure 16: AquaTerra Recommended Route - Based on Environmental Constraints
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A: BC Conservation Data Centre (CDC) Mapping Results
Appendix B: Field Survey Photographs
Appendix C: Invasive Plant Details
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1 PROJECT OVERVIEW
Sheep Paddocks Trail (the ‘project’) is situated within Colony Farm Regional Park in the
City of Coquitlam, British Columbia. The project area is bordered by the Coquitlam River
to the east, the CPR tracks / Highway 7 (Lougheed Highway) to the west, Pitt River
Road to the north, and Mundy Creek to the south. The Coquitlam portion of Colony
Farm, inclusive of the project area, encompasses an area of approximately 250 acres.
Sheep Paddocks is an area in the upper Home Farm portion of Colony Farm (Figure 1),
which has been largely reverting to wetland habitat as a result of limited drainage.
Figure 1: Project Area (Red) & Surrounding Areas (Colony Farm Land Use Plan [1995])
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The project area has been designated as ‘Recreation and Protected Natural Areas’ as
illustrated in Figure 2.
Figure 2: Project Area Land Use Designation (Metro Vancouver)
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1.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVES
The Sheep Paddocks Trail project has been divided into three (3) phases, as follows:
Phase 1 – Route Selection
Phase 2 – Detailed Design
Phase 3 – Construction and Post-Construction
The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is an integral component of Phase 1 - trail
route selection. The primary objectives of this EIA are as follows:
- Conduct preliminary field surveys to collect biophysical data within the project
area;
- Compile and summarize historical and field data to evaluate impacts to key
identified Valued Ecosystem Components (VECs);
- Based on the impact assessment findings, input data into the evaluation criteria
matrix in order to assist in the selection of the preferred route option;
- Determine what structures (e.g., bridges, culverts, boardwalks, fill/berms etc.), if
any, are required to implement each route option; and
- Propose construction methods and access for each trail option, determining the
least intrusive, low-impact methods for each trail segment, type and watercourse
crossing (consideration for stockpiling location options, phasing options, clearing
and grubbing requirements, erosion and sediment control [ESC] measures, and
in-stream works).
1.2 EXISTING TRAILS AND HISTORICAL COMPENSATION EFFORTS
The existing Sheep Paddocks Trail was closed in October 2007 citing safety concerns
associated with erosion and bank instability adjacent to the Coquitlam River. The Sheep
Paddocks area and riparian area adjacent to the Coquitlam River are prone to flooding
during winter storm events. Although Coquitlam River flows are regulated by the
Coquitlam Dam, peak flows have ranged from 59 m3/s in 1978 to 211 m3/s on November
16, 2003 with an annual average peak flow of 125 m3/s. Each of the abovementioned
events resulted in trail flooding and closure (Evely 2009).
In 1999, fish habitat was constructed in the northwest part of Colony Farm Regional Park
to compensation for the Lougheed Connector construction project (LCCP). The habitat
compensation was intended to provide off-channel rearing and over-wintering habitat for
salmonids. The outlet to the channel was not designed to account for beaver activity and
as a result, the channel only connects to the river at high tide and high water levels. The
Riverside School compensation project (RSCP) was undertaken to offset some of the
habitat losses associated with the Riverside School project. The intent of the
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compensation area was to create a rearing and spawning stream and pond in the
southern part of the project area. Source water is from the Riverview area
1.3 PROPOSED TRAIL ROUTE OPTIONS
The proposed trail route options evaluated in this EIA are illustrated in Figure 3.
Figure 3: Proposed Trail Route Options
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2 BACKGROUND REVIEW RESULTS
There is an abundance of information available for Colony Farm Regional Park,
including fish, wildlife and vegetation inventories, habitat compensation monitoring
reports and species-at-risk/sensitive species survey findings as well as soil, flooding and
ecosystem sensitivity mapping. Metro Vancouver has conducted studies since 1996,
when the area was designated a ‘Regional Park’. Key studies pertinent to the Sheep
Paddocks Trail project are summarized below.
2.1 HISTORICAL REPORTS
2.1.1 COLONY FARM LAND USE PLAN
In 1995, the Colony Farm Land Use Study Steering Committee issued the Colony Farm
Land Use Plan, which was developed to:
- Identify key stakeholders and provide full opportunity for expression of the
various interests and ideas as to how Colony Farm should be used in the
medium-to-long term;
- Create a comprehensive inventory of present and potential agricultural,
environmental, recreational and educational/interpretive uses of Colony Farm,
and to identify characteristics of Colony Farm which may influence these current
or potential uses; and
- Form a range of land use options, which reflect the various and possibly
divergent views on the most appropriate uses of Colony Farm, select and
recommend a Land Use Plan which will have received the informed consent of
key stakeholders.
Colony Farm can be traced back to 1904 when the provincial government purchased
1,000 acres at the fertile confluence of the Coquitlam and Fraser Rivers as a site for a
mental health facility. The soil along the rivers was intended for use as a farm to provide
both food and rehabilitative labour for patients of the hospital being constructed on the
adjacent uplands. Many hospital staff lived at the site and the Colony Farm community
became nearly self-sufficient. Between the 1910s and 1930s, the farm became one of
the most well-known dairy farms, becoming the provinces showpiece. The 1940s
brought fires and floods; however, the farm continued to provide a source of food and
pride to the staff and patients for the next 35 years, until it was closed in 1983 as a result
of provincial government cut-backs. As farming activities ceased, the fields, woodlots,
ditches and hedgerows became increasingly important as wildlife habitat. Eleven (11)
habitat types have been identified in Colony Farm including marshes, wetlands,
grasslands, forest, hedgerows, ditches, waterways and riparian vegetation.
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The Sheep Paddocks area north of Mundy Creek has been designated for wildlife
management. The Land Use Plan identifies the potential to maintain and enhance
biodiversity of plant species for the benefit of a wide variety of birds. Poorly drained
marsh habitats are also developing.
The resulting land use plan’s objective is to manage and protect Colony Farm based on
its importance for wildlife, agriculture and passive recreation. Land use principles
applicable to the project include:
- Keeping Colony Farm open and accessible to the public;
- Preserving and enhancing the biodiversity of Colony Farm;
- Maintaining and enhancing passive recreational opportunities on Colony Farm;
- Ensure compatibility of land uses on Colony Farm;
- Provide opportunities for public awareness, education and research; and
- All land-use must minimize the loss of land base from buildings, structures, roads
etc.
2.1.2 LOWER COQUITLAM RIVER FISH HABITAT AND FLOODING ASSESSMENT
In 2007, Fernhill Consulting issued the Lower Coquitlam River Fish Habitat and Flooding
Assessment report for the Watershed Watch Salmon Society and Kwikwetlem First
Nation. The report confirms that by the mid-2000s, A variety of restoration activities have
occurred in the lower of the three paddocks (paddock 1) including:
- Construction of off-channel inter-tidal slough habitat (3,800 m2), which was
immediately used by salmonids.
- Increase in small mammal habitat, improved opportunities for raptor foraging by
modifying 9,000 m2 of terrestrial habitat and seeding with shorter pasture grass to
out-compete Reed Canarygrass.
- Increase amphibian and reptile habitat and riparian vegetation biodiversity by
creating species-specific habitat and replanting with appropriate indigenous
plants as well as a sandy beach for turtles and rock dens for snakes.
- Increase the community stewardship ethic by providing limited access for
observation of new habitat coupled with interpretive education and descriptive
signage.
The report identifies restoration and enhancement options that could be considered to
offset impacts associated with trail construction, if required.
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2.1.3 ENVIRONMENTAL INVENTORY AND SENSITIVE AREA ANALYSIS OF
THE WESTERN PORTION OF COLONY FARM REGIONAL PARK
On 18 March 2009, Tera Planning Ltd. (‘Tera’) submitted a comprehensive
environmental study of the western portion of Colony Farm Regional Park, inclusive of
the site area. The study included information relating to topography, soils, drainage,
vegetation, wildlife habitat, fisheries and rare / endangered species.
Based on a review of background and field survey information, Tera identified
Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs) that were ranked for sensitivity based on a pre-
established matrix. ESAs included rivers/streams, riparian areas, lakes/wetlands,
forested areas and old-field habitat. The ESAs were developed, in part, to evaluate
environmental impacts associated with proposed trail locations. The report identifies
trails by segment – SP1 through SP7 as illustrated in Figure 4, which also recommends
the type of structure for each watercourse crossing.
Figure 4: Trail Locations and Recommended Structures for Watercourse Crossings
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The report discusses the anticipated level of effort to construct each trail segment,
potential environmental issues, and associated protection measures. These topics have
been compiled and are summarized in Table 1.
Table 1: Anticipated Trail Construction Effort, Environmental Sensitivities, and
Associated Environmental Protection Measures. Trail
Segment Details Trail Construction Effort
Environmental
Sensitivity
Environmental
Protection
SP1
165 m (existing)
constructed to
multi-use
standards
Maintenance of trail /
vegetation
High – situated along
Coquitlam River in
Riparian Area
Protection of river
bank
SP2
480 m (existing) –
narrow (<1.5 m)
and overgrown.
Localized bank
failures
Widening of trail
High – situated along
Coquitlam River in
riparian area.
Encroaching
vegetation into trail
area. Significant
wildlife values
present.
At undercut/eroded
areas, 15 m setback
is recommended
coupled with erosion
protection.
SP3
640 m - narrow
trail, collapsing
berm used for trail
construction and
localized erosional
areas / bank
failures.
Improvements to five
identified stream crossings
and limited area between
marsh and river to allocate
trail with necessary
setbacks
High – marsh, river
and riparian habitats.
Where possible, trail
should be setback
from the Coquitlam
River a minimum of
15 m from top-of-
bank.
SP4 120 m long
Existing side-walk / trail
nearly to required
specifications
Moderate sensitivity
pole-sapling alder
boundary.
Maintenance of
crossing and
vegetation
maintenance
SP5 460 m (proposed)
Elevate trail with adequate
drainage or bridge/piled
deck structure in
wetted/stream areas
High at two
enhancement areas
as well as swamp,
stream areas.
Moderate sensitivity
elsewhere
Options to construct
trail and drainage in
this area to further
enhance existing fish
habitat.
SP6A 350 m
Under/near hydro RoW
(SP6A) will necessitate
periodic vegetation
clearing. Elevated trail
surface with borrow
elsewhere
High – Cattail Marsh
transitioning to Low
– Reed Canarygrass
Minimize impacts to
seasonally wetted
areas including
maintenance of high
water table.
SP6B 180 m Low – Reed
Canarygrass
Removal of Reed
Canarygrass.
SP7
230 m
(constructed in
2008)
Completed Addressed during
design
On-going Monitoring
and Enhancement
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Each distinct habitat type (n=8) was delineated and ranked for environmental sensitivity,
based on inferred sensitivity (using a matrix scoring system) as illustrated in Figure 5
and summarized in Table 2.
Figure 5: Sheep Paddocks – Environmentally Sensitive Areas
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Table 2: Vegetation Sensitivity Class - Tera (2009).
2.1.4 TERRESTRIAL AND AQUATIC STUDIES FOR THE NORTHWEST SECTION OF
COLONY FARM REGIONAL PARK
In December 2010, Tera and Robertson Environmental Services Ltd. completed a study
of terrestrial and aquatic studies with a focus on the condition and habitat value of the
two fisheries compensation projects and associated wetland complexes. The field work
included bird surveys and minnow trapping (to evaluate for fish presence) as well as
species-at-risk surveys.
The other objective included assisting Metro Vancouver Parks in the planning of trail
options for the local study area as described in the 2009 report (Section 2.1.1).
Concerns related to trail building were focused on potential impacts to hydrology and the
requirement for a comprehensive impact assessment on resulting stream and wetland
effects, as well as the identification of mitigation measures, contingent on the selected
trail alignment.
Proposed mitigation measures included:
- Elevated trail sections (boardwalks) where surface water accumulates;
- Reducing the fill footprint of the trail as much as possible;
- Providing a buffer between the trail and the proposed channel;
- Adhering to late summer construction window; and
- Restoring and enhancing in-stream and riparian vegetation.
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2.2 DATABASES AND MAPPING UTILITIES – SENSITIVE SPECIES / SPECIES-
AT-RISK
Information relating to confirmed and potentially occurring sensitive species/species-at-
risk are available from a variety of sources including provincial and federal databases
and mapping sites as well as historical reports for the project area and surrounding
areas; however, no report has compiled the information into a single-list. As such,
AquaTerra queried accessible species-at-risk websites/databases including the Species-
at-Risk and Local Government website (http://speciesatrisk.bc.ca), the federal
government species-at-risk website (http://www.sararegistry.gc.ca), the Committee on
the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) website
(http://www.cosewic.gc.ca/eng/sct5/index_e.cfm), the provincial Conservation Data
Centre (CDC) website (http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/cdc) (Appendix A), and BC Ecosystem
Explorer (http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/eswp) to assess for potential and confirmed
sensitive species and ecosystems within or adjacent to the project area. Historical
reports were also reviewed. The findings of the database, mapping and report review is
provided in Table 3.
Table 3: Compiled Confirmed and Potentially Occurring Sensitive Species / Species-at-
Risk Data for the Project Area.
Common Name Scientific Name Status
(federal, provincial)
Confirmation
([Y]es,
[N]o,
[B]reeding
Reference
Mammals
Pacific water shrew Sorex bendirii Endangered, Red N Potentially
Occurring
Snowshoe hare Lepus americanus
washingtonii Red Y
TERA/Robertson
2010
Birds
American bittern Botaurus
lentiginosus Blue Y
Beauchesne &
Quinlan 1999
Barn owl Tyto alba Special Concern Y, B
Beauchesne &
Quinlan 1999,
AquaTerra
Barn swallow Hirundo rustica Special Concern,
Blue Y
Macnair and
Doix 2009,
AquaTerra
Common
nighthawk Chordeiles minor Threatened Y Evely 2009
Double-crested
cormorant
Phalacrocorax
auratus Blue Y
Beauchesne &
Quinlan 1999
Great blue heron Ardea herodias
fannini
Special Concern,
Blue Y, B
Beauchesne &
Quinlan 1999,
Macnair and
Doix 2009
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Table 3: Con’t.
Common Name Scientific Name Status
(federal, provincial)
Confirmation
([Y]es,
[N]o,
[B]reeding
Reference
Green heron Butorides striatus Blue Y, B
Beauchesne &
Quinlan 1999.
Macnair and
Doix 2009
Olive-sided
flycatcher Contopus cooperi Threatened, Blue Y Evely 2009
Peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus
pealei Special Concern Y
Beauchesne &
Quinlan 1999
Short-eared owl Asio flammeus Special Concern Y Beauchesne &
Quinlan 1999
Yellow-billed loon Gavia adamsii Blue Y Pearson 2011
Reptiles and Amphibians
Northern red-
legged frog Rana aurora
Special Concern,
Blue N
Potentially
Occurring
Western painted
turtle Chrysemys picta Endangered, Red Y Evely 2009
Western toad Anaxyrus boreas Special Concern,
Blue N
Potentially
Occurring
Lepidopterans / Mollusca
Autumn
meadowhawk Sympetrum vicinum Blue Y
Macnair and
Doix 2009
Beaverpond
baskettail Epitheca canis Blue Y
BC Conservation
Data Centre
Blue dasher Pachydiplax
longipennis Blue Y
Macnair and
Doix 2009
Oregon forestsnail Allogona
townsendiana Endangered, Red Y AquaTerra
Fish
Coastal cutthroat
trout Oncorhynchus clarkii Blue Y Pearson, 2011
Vegetation
Fox sedge Carex vulpinoidea Blue Y Keystone 2008
Green-sheathed
Sedge Carex feta Red Y Keystone 2008
Large Canadian St.
John’s wort Hypericum majus
Yellow (re-classified
from Blue) Y Keystone 2008
Northern water-
meal Wolffia borealis Red Y CDC 2013
Nuttall’s
Waterweed Elodea nuttallii Blue Y CDC 2013
Small-flowered
bittercress Cardamine parviflora Blue Y CDC 2013
Vancouver Island
beggarticks Bidens amplissima Special Concern N
Potentially
Occurring
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Table 3: Con’t.
Common Name Scientific Name Status
(federal, provincial)
Confirmation
([Y]es,
[N]o,
[B]reeding
Reference
Streambank lupine Lupinus rivularis Endangered N Potentially
Occurring
Ussurian water-
milfoil
Myriophyllum
ussuriense Blue Y CDC 2013
Western rush Juncus occidentalis Blue Y Keystone 2008
- Incorrectly identified. Actually the non-native C. tribuloides grass species.
There is a Great Blue Heron rookery within a designated Wildlife Management Area
(WMA) immediately to the south of Colony Farm park near the confluence of the
Coquitlam River (Figure 2). Herons rely on the habitats within the park and adjacent
areas to sustain the colony, particularly during breeding season. In 2013, the heron
rookery did not appear successful; however, the park and surrounding area continues to
be utilized by herons on a regular basis.
Listed Ecosystem Types
Listed ecosystem types within the project area are limited to the blue-listed Common
Cattail Marsh (Typha latifolia marsh – Wm05), which was identified in 2009 (Tera 2009)
in Sheep Paddock 3. The approximate boundaries of the Common Cattail Marsh are
illustrated in Figure 6.
Figure 6: Common Cattail Marsh – Blue-listed Ecosystem – Approximate Boundaries
(Tera 2009).
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2.3 EXISTING WATERCOURSE DATA
A review of the DFO Mapster v3.1 (http://pacgis01.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/Mapster30/#
/SilverMapster) and Community Mapping Network (CMN) Sensitive Habitat Inventory
Mapping (SHIM) (http://www.cmnbc.ca/atlas_gallery/sensitive-habitat-inventory-and-
mapping-shim), and City of Coquitlam Q the Map (http://gis.coquitlam.ca/apps/qthemap/)
were queried to determine if supplementary data is available relating to watercourses
within the project area.
The DFO and SHIM search results returned limited information; however the City of
Coquitlam mapping utility included up-to-date information on ditches, drainages,
wetlands, and recent compensation areas as illustrated in Figure 7. Thirty (30) metre
default Riparian Areas Regulation (RAR) setbacks are illustrated on the figure for
illustrative purposes (added by the City of Coquitlam). Of note, there is a seasonally
wetted area (Figure 7) that appears to generally follow the boundary of the blue-listed
Common Cattail Marsh. This wetted area appears to be within the approximate location
of trail alignment 2A (Figure 7).
Figure 7: City of Coquitlam Q the Map Watercourse / Wetland Results.
Common Cattail Marsh – approximate extents
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2.4 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS
Available aerial photographs were reviewed to evaluate historical conditions within the
project area and to determine if historical/remnant infrastructure could be utilized to
facilitate trail construction.
The provincial floodplain orthophotograph from 1979 (Figure 8) illustrates an access
road from Pitt River Road southward in the approximate location of trail route option 2B.
This road was likely used during the installation of the hydro towers and may be suitable
for trail use if reinstated. The photograph also shows the 3 m contour in the vicinity of
trail route option 3.
Figure 8: 1979 provincial Floodplain Orthophotograph
The 2006 aerial photograph clearly illustrates historical conditions, when the southern
portion of the project area was divided into three (3) sheep paddocks, referenced as
Access Road
3 m contour
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SP1, SP2 and SP3 (Figure 9). Likelihood that the areas dividing the paddocks may be
better suited for trails, being built up to provide some separation between the paddocks.
Figure 9: 2006 Aerial Photograph Illustrating Sheep Paddocks in Southern Portion of
the Project Area.
3 FIELD SURVEYS AND ASSOCIATED FINDINGS
AquaTerra (2-4 personnel) conducted field surveys to evaluate trail-related impacts on
06, 10, 13 and 25 July 2013. The Phase 1 field surveys were not intended to be as
rigorous as certain previous ecological studies conducted for the Colony Farm area
given that the primary focus of the EIA was to assist in the determination of the preferred
trail alignment(s). Areas traversed by AquaTerra personnel are illustrated in Figure 10.
Field photographs taken during the field surveys are provided in Appendix B.
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Figure 10: Areas Traversed During 2013 Field Surveys (Yellow)
3.1 DESCRIPTION OF WATERCOURSE CROSSINGS AND FISH HABITAT
Watercourse crossings for each proposed trail route are discussed below, summarized
in Table 4 and illustrated on Figure 11.
3.1.1 ROUTE 1A
Much of Route 1A is set well back from the Coquitlam River, with localized erosional
areas being generally limited to the northern portion of the alignment. Linear drainage
swales are also present on the west side of the existing trail. The swales appear to be
seasonally isolated from Mundy Creek and the adjacent compensation area in Sheep
Paddock 1. No watercourse crossings are anticipated to be required to accommodate
trail route 1, as there is already an established trail through this area and no watercourse
crossings were observed during the field surveys.
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3.1.2 ROUTE 1B
Trail route 1B will require six (6) watercourse crossings; however, of note, because this
trail alignment was present historical prior to trail closure, many of the crossings have
already been installed or are in the process of being constructed (refer to Table 4 for
details). Lateral erosion and undercutting areas coincide with the cut / concave bank of
the Coquitlam River, as the flow energy during high flows are directed towards these
areas. Some of the watercourses along route 1B appear to have been constructed
and/or historically modified to accommodate logging and agricultural practices.
Specifically, a wood stave culvert was observed in the vicinity of 1B-3 and wooden
supports/piles embedded within the banks of was observed at 1B-4, which served as log
bumpers to direct logs to wet sorters in the Fraser River. Each of the channels have
steep (near vertical) banks and are dominated by organics. During high flows, the
Coquitlam River likely backs up into these watercourses, resulting in flooding.
3.1.3 ROUTE 2A
Immediately west of the 2A-west and 2A-east node is a low-lying pond, which contained
water at the time of the field surveys. AquaTerra personnel identified a narrow (<1 m)
low-lying swale containing water to the northeast of the pond, suggesting the pond
receives periodic inputs from upslope areas, including drainage from the CP rail-line. An
outlet to the pond was not identified; however, overland flow or a discharge swale
masked by dense vegetation are possible. The City of Coquitlam watercourse map
(Figure 7) illustrate the pond as an isolated waterbody. No watercourses were identified
along the 2A-east alignment. The 2A-west alignment also does not require the crossing
of any watercourses; however, ditches are situated on both sides of the CP rail-line and
this alignment comes into close proximity to the eastern ditch. Water was observed
intermittently within the ditch at the time of the field surveys.
3.1.4 ROUTE 2B
Adjacent to Pitt River Road is an unmapped drainage ditch at the base of slope in the
vicinity of the proposed trail (crossing 2B-1). The ditch appears to receive stormwater
inputs from the north, which are conveyed into the Lougheed Connector Compensation
Project (crossing 2B-2) as well as the channel running southward. A second unmapped
drainage ditch is situated between the CP rail-line and the mapped watercourse running
north-south (refer to Figure 7). This unmapped ditch may have originally be installed in
the late 1970s during the hydro tower installation (Figure 8). Stormwater inputs from
areas to the west and the CP rail line will also necessitate crossings (crossings 2B-3[a],
2B-3[b], 2B-4, and 2B-5). 2B-2, 2B-4 and 2B-5 could not be located during the field
survey and are presumed to be dry or consist of a poorly defined channel. Between
crossings 2B-3a and 2B-3b is a large pond complex (~10-15 m across; Figure 4).
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Table 4: Watercourse Crossing Locations and Attributes, Fish Observations, Crossing Recommendations, and Compensation Requirements.
Watercourse Crossing ID
UTMs Permanency Fish Observed Substrate Bankful Width
(measured July 2013)
Wetted Width (T)ypical and
(A)ctual
Estimated Crossing
Width
Existing Crossing (Y/N)
Recommended Crossing
Estimated RAR/SPR* Setback
Compensation Requirement?
Estimated Compensation
Area – RAR/SPR*
1B-1 514342E
5454824N Permanent No 100% organics 3.7 m
1.6 m (T) 0.6 m (A)
6.0 m N Clearspan Footbridge
10 m / 30 m Y 80 m2 / 240 m2
1B-2 514388E
5454853N Permanent No
95% organics 5% cobble
1.8 m 0.7 m (T) 0.4 m (A)
7.5 m Y Existing
Clearspan Footbridge
10 m / 30 m N 80 m2 / 240 m2
1B-3 514424E
5454877N Permanent
Yes - downstream
100% organics 1.2 m 0.2 m (T) 0.1 m (A)
8.0 m Y (partial) Clearspan Footbridge
10 m / 30 m Y 80 m2 / 240 m2
1B-4 514484E
5454885N Permanent
Yes, at confluence
100% organics 2.1 m 1.2 m (T) 0.4 m (A)
5.0 m N
Temporary wood planks
Clearspan Footbridge
10 m / 30 m Y 80 m2 / 240 m2
1B-5 514667E
5455075N Permanent No
90% organics 10% gravel/cobble
1.5 m 0.8 m (T)
(dry) 7.0 m Y
Existing Clearspan Footbridge
10 m / 30 m N 80 m2 / 240 m2
1B-6 514789E
5455181N Permanent
No. TSB in ponded area to
south
90% organics 10% rip-rap
0.8 m 0.6 m (T)
dry 5.0 m Y
Existing Clearspan Footbridge
10 m / 30 m N 80 m2 / 240 m2
2B-1
514655E 5455270N
to 514495E
5455307N
Permanent No 100% organics 2.4 – 3.0 m 2.0 m
3.5-5.0 m *may not be
required contingent on trail location
N Culvert 10 m / 15 m Y 80 m2 / 120 m2
2B-2 5145500E 5455210N
Permanent No 100% organics Could not locate; dry
Further Assessment
Required
Further Assessment
Required N
Further Assessment Required
10 m / 15 m Y 80 m2 / 120 m2
2B-3(a,b) 514416E
5454979N Permanent No 100% organics 3.0 m
2.0 m (T) 0.1 m (A)
5.0 m N Clearspan Footbridge
10 m / 15 m Y 80 m2 / 120 m2
2B-4 514370E
5454885N Seasonal No 100% organics
Could not locate; dry
Further Assessment
Required
Further Assessment
Required N
Further Assessment Required
10 m / 15 m Y 80 m2 / 120 m2
2B-5 514343E
5454837N Seasonal No 100% organics
Could not locate; dry or
culverted
Further Assessment
Required
Further Assessment
Required
Unknown – potential culvert
Further Assessment Required
10 m / 15 m Y 80 m2 / 120 m2
3 various Permanent Yes; TSB 100% organics
Ponded water / sheet flow,
channelized areas
Ponded water / sheet flow, channelized
areas
Elevated boardwalk (~150 m)
N
Elevated boardwalk (~150 m) or elevated
pathway with culverts
15 m (ponds/ wetlands) / 30
m Y 1,100 m2**
* assumes 6 m clearing width and existing 2 m wide area (net 4 m). RAR = Riparian Areas Regulation; SPR = Streamside Protection Regulation ** assumes 3 m wide boardwalk/trail and 1 m on either side of the boardwalk for additional clearing over the 220 m length.
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Figure 11: Trail Route Options with Watercourse Crossings.
Flows from 2B-3, 2B-4 and 2B-5 are conveyed into the project area through culverts
situated under Lougheed Highway.
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Figure 12: Approximate Location of Route 3 Traversed by AquaTerra Personnel (Red –
July 13; Violet – July 25).
3.1.5 ROUTE 3
AquaTerra personnel assessed the 3 route options on 13 and 25 July 2013. On 13 July
2013, AquaTerra observed numerous areas containing standing water along the eastern
portion of the proposed route (Figure 12), becoming marginally drier to the east. Typical
water depth was approximately 0.3 m, with localized deeper areas in areas frequented
by beavers. On 25 July 2013, AquaTerra personnel traversed a secondary route, further
north (Figure 12), to assess for drier conditions, if any. Conditions were similar
throughout (i.e., pockets of standing water and deeper ponded areas). Upon a closer
inspection of the City of Coquitlam Q the Map (Section 2.3) high resolution aerial
photograph, AquaTerra personnel confirmed that much of this area was occupied by
areas of standing water. Although a detailed topographical survey was completed in
2012, Route 3 was not included. A detailed topographical survey would be required for
this alignment to ascertain the potential for a route in this area utilizing localized high
spots to minimize the requirement for boardwalks or drainage provisions.
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3.2 FISH OBSERVATIONS
No formal fish sampling or trapping was conducted as part of the Phase 1 – Route
Selection work. Numerous studies have been undertaken to evaluate fish presence
(including seasonal variation) and supplementary surveys can be undertaken in
subsequent phases. Incidental fish observations were recorded during the field surveys.
AquaTerra personnel observed three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
regularly throughout the project area, including seasonally inundated areas between
watercourses 1B-5 and 1B-6, ponded areas along the traversed trail alignment 3 option,
and near the wood stave (near crossing 1B-3). Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) fry
were also regularly observed along the edge of the Coquitlam River but were not
observed inland.
3.3 COMPENSATION REQUIREMENT
Currently, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) is transitioning away from
compensatory requirements for low-impact projects as they adopt/implement the
changes to the Fisheries Act enacted under Bill C-38 – the Jobs, Growth and Long-term
Prosperity Act. However, at the request of Metro Vancouver, AquaTerra conducted a
preliminary assessment of typical compensation requirements assuming existing
regulatory conditions and requirements. In numerous cases, particularly for route option
1B, existing crossings would limit the compensation requirements, which would only be
required if the crossing area was widened. Moreover, compensation is typically not
required when a certain project call follow the DFO Operational Statement for Clearspan
Bridges1; however, when numerous clearspan bridge crossings are required on the
same watercourse, DFO may request compensation. Preliminary compensation details
are summarized in Table 4.
3.4 DESCRIPTION OF TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS AND ASSOCIATED
VEGETATION
Ecosystems and associated vegetation within the project area have been assessed in a
variety of ways, most comprehensively by Tera Planning in 2009 (Section 2.1.3) – Table
2. AquaTerra inventoried dominant vegetation assemblages along each of the
alignments, to be utilized during subsequent phases. Similarly, AquaTerra inventoried
each of the trees along proposed trail routes 1A and 1B with a diameter-at-breast-height
(DBH) approaching or greater than 1.0 m. Inventoried trees were limited to areas within
approximately 5 m of the existing trails.
1 http://www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/habitat/os-eo/cs-bridge-ponts-pl-eng.htm
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3.4.1 INVASIVE SPECIES
Historical reports identified seven (7) particularly invasive species including quackgrass
(Elmymus repens), common velvetgrass (Holcus lanatus), hairy cat’s ear (Hypochaeris
radicata), purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria), reed canarygrass (Phalaris
arundinacea), japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica), and himalayan blackberry (Rubus
discolor) (Figure 13). Other invasive species identified within the project area by
AquaTerra personnel with potential management implications include dalmatian toadflax
(Linaria dalmatica), curled dock (Rumex crispus), scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius), and
yellow-(flag) iris (Iris pseudacorus).
Figure 13: Invasive Species Map – Tera and Robertson (2010).
To assess the invasive species prevalence within each proposed trail route, AquaTerra
divided the trail route options in sections (Figure 14). A summary matrix of invasive
species encountered, detailed locations of isolated invasive populations, and
management considerations is provided in Appendix C. During the detailed design, the
invasive plant areas can be mapped along the selected route alignment(s).
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Figure 14 – Invasive Species Trail Assessment Areas.
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3.5 DESCRIPTION OF OBSERVED WILDLIFE
3.5.1 MAMMALS
Mammal sign, including black bear (Ursus americanus) scat, North American beaver
(Castor canadensis) forage, territorial markers, and downed vegetation as well as direct
observation of striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), exotic eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus
carolinensis), and mink (Mustela vison) were documented / marked with GPS waypoints
(to be utilized during subsequent phases) during the field surveys. Areas with an
established tree cover had a higher prevalence of mammals/mammal sign, which is
likely due in part to the dense shrub cover in shrub-dominated ecosystems (i.e., areas
under the BC Hydro RoW), which is difficult to navigate.
3.5.2 BIRDS
A total of thirty (30) bird species were documented during the 2013 field surveys, an
expected result given the timing of the field surveys and breeding season. Observed bird
species are summarized in Table 5. GPS coordinates were recorded and can be utilized
during subsequent design phases. Bird density was generally highest within shrub-
dominated habitats associated with potential trail routes 2A, 2B and 3.
Table 5: 2013 Field Surveys – Incidental Bird Observations
Common Name Scientific Name American goldfinch Spinus tristis American robin Turdus migratorius Barn swallow (blue-listed) Hirundo rustica Belted kingfisher Megaceryle alcyon Black-capped chickadee Poecile atricapillus Black-headed grosbeak Pheucticus melanocephalus Black-throated gray warbler Setophaga nigrescens Cedar waxwing Bombycilla cedrorum Common raven Corvus corax Common yellow-throat Geothlypis trichas Downy woodpecker Picoides pubescens Great Blue Heron (blue-listed) Ardea herodias fannini Lazuli bunting Passerina amoena Marsh wren Cistothorus palustris Northern flicker Colaptes auratus Northwestern crow Corvus caurinus Purple finch Haemorhous purpureus Red-tailed hawk Buteo jamaicensis Ring-necked pheasant Phasianus colchicus Rufuous hummingbird Selasphorus rufus Savannah sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis
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Table 5: Con’t. Common Name Scientific Name Song sparrow Melospiza melodia Spotted towhee Pipilo maculatus Steller’s jay Cyanocitta stelleri Swainson’s thrush Catharus ustulatus Varied thrush Ixoreus naevius Western tanager Piranga ludoviciana Willow flycatcher Empidonax traillii Yellow warbler Setophaga petechia Yellow-rumped warbler Setophaga coronata
The areas where bird diversity was highest in route 2A coincided with localized shrub-
dominated habitats as shown on Figure 15.
Figure 15: Areas of High Bird Diversity – Shrub Dominated Habitats – Trail Route 2A.
No raptor nests were observed during the field survey; however, Red-tailed Hawks were
observed on a regular basis, suggesting a nest may be nearby.
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3.5.3 AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES Amphibians observed during the field surveys were limited to exotic Green Frogs (Rana
clamitans), which were observed along the watercourse paralleling the Coquitlam River
adjacent to trail alignment 1B as well as the wetted areas along the traversed trail
alignment 3. Green Frogs were also heard calling from the Riverside School
Compensation Project area. No reptiles or reptile sign were observed during the field
surveys.
3.5.4 INVERTEBRATES
Incidental invertebrate observations included Mourning Cloak (Nymphalis antiopa),
Cabbage White (Pieris rapae), and swallowtail (Papilio sp.) butterflies (alignment 2A) as
well as Common Whitetail (Libellula lydia) and Blue Dasher (Pachydiplax longipennis)
dragonflies. The Blue Dasher is a blue-listed dragonfly, which was observed along route
2A near ponded area. Exotic Grovesnails (Cepaea nemoralis) were also observed
throughout the project area, with densities highest within the Reed Canarygrass
monostands and along the rail-line.
4 PRELIMINARY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
This section includes an evaluation of historical and current data to comprehensively
assess potential impacts, environmental constraints, and maintenance issues associated
with each trail route option. Potential impacts were also evaluated using an Impact
Evaluation matrix developed by LEES+Associates Ltd. (Section 4.2).
4.1 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINTS FOR EACH TRAIL ROUTE OPTION
AquaTerra assessed the environmental constraints for the trail route options using
findings from the Tera (2009) report (Section 2.1.3) and incorporating 2013 field survey
observations, the results of which are summarized in Table 6.
Table 6: Environmental Constraints for Proposed Trail Route Options – Italics (Tera
2009 comments); Bold (AquaTerra 2013 comments). Tera (2009)
Segment
Identifier
LEES+Assoc.
Segment
Identifier
Environmental Constraints
SP1 1A (south of
2A node)
No constraints identified.
Part of existing trail
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Table 6: Con’t. Tera (2009)
Segment
Identifier
LEES+Assoc.
Segment
Identifier
Environmental Constraints
SP2 1A (north of
2A node)
Active erosion / undercutting. Cannot use existing trail footprint
for entire length. 15 m setback in certain areas would require
disturbance but enhancement planting is an option to off-set
impacts.
Limited ability to relocate trail but fewer erosional areas
relative to the 1B (SP3) route option and fewer watercourse
crossings. Feasibility contingent on localized slope
stabilization (NHC) and minor trail adjustments. This
alignment would provide users with a portion of trail close
to Coquitlam River and prevent disturbance to blue-listed
Common Cattail Marsh ecosystem (route 2A). Lower risk of
spreading invasives relative to non-treed route options due
to shade.
SP3 / 1B
Greatest Impact and Limited Flexibility to Mitigate Impacts.
~40% of trail located at top of two cutting banks of the Coquitlam
River
Trail crosses a total of six (6) streams, five of which have
oversteepened banks and are subject to backwatering.
Some watercourse crossings have already been
installed/are in the process of being removed. AquaTerra
identified some options to relocate portions of the trail
further west, away from erosional areas. Lower risk of
spreading invasives relative to non-treed route options due
to shade. Periodic flooding / inundation risk.
SP6A 2A (west route
option)
Cattail Marsh for almost its entire length of 260 m (high
sensitivity). Although close to rail line and hydro RoW (reduced
impact), presence of Cattail Marsh will result in significant
impact.
Close to CPR line and encroaches on blue-listed ecosystem
(Common Cattail Marsh). Trail should be aligned to reduce
proximity to shrub-dominated areas to reduce direct
disturbance to birds.
SP6B 2A (east route
option)
Connects to Segment SP2, which includes cut bank erosion.
Bisects portion of blue-listed ecosystem, but encroachment
is less than 2A (western route) option. Generally lower
habitat value relative to other route options.
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Table 6: Con’t. Tera (2009)
Segment
Identifier
LEES+Assoc.
Segment
Identifier
Environmental Constraints
SP7
2A (section
between 1A
and 2A split)
No constraints identified.
Area dominated by Reed Canarygrass – low ecological
value. Situated to the west of recent compensation efforts.
SP4 2B (along Pitt
River Road)
One ditch running along the base of slope, which may
require a crossing depending on the trail alignment. Some
vegetation removal will likely be required.
Much of trail can be accommodated using existing pathway.
Room along eastern portion to add shoulder to existing
sidewalk.
SP5
2B (adjacent
to CPR
tracks)
Two streams associated with a wetland.
Extensive wetlands and ponded areas due to beaver activity.
Lower impact and ability to mitigate through design.
Rail setback issues and dense shrub vegetation, which will
require removal, resulting in fragmentation. High bird
foraging and nesting values. Some established invasives,
which will proliferate/spread contingent on trail alignment,
recreational use, and mitigation measures implemented
during construction. Beaver activity has caused much of
this area to be seasonally inundated, which would have cost
implications to maintain the trail and drainage.
Not
assessed 3
Route option assessed as Tera 2009 report noted this area
had a lower (moderate) habitat sensitivity relative to
surrounding area and was not prone to flooding (Coquitlam
River); however, due to be on-going beaver activity, much
of this route was flooded (0.3 m depth) during the 13 July
2013 field survey, which would necessitate expanses of
elevated boardwalks or the implementation of beaver
control measures. On 25 July 2013, AquaTerra traversed an
area further north to determine if the lands became drier as
alluded to in the 1979 flood map orthophoto (Figure 8);
however, AquaTerra personnel noted large contiguous
ponded areas in these areas as well, confirming that under
current habitat conditions, the route 3 trail alignment would
likely necessitate numerous boardwalks or drainage
provisions.
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4.2 IMPACT EVALUATION MATRIX
The environmental section of the Sheep Paddocks Trail – Phase 1 Impact Evaluation
Matrix, developed by LEES+Associates, was completed by AquaTerra (Table 7) and is
based on available background information and recent field survey observations.
Table 7: Sheep Paddocks Trail – Phase 1 Impact Evaluation Matrix
1 2 3 4
Significant Benefits
Marginal Benefits
Mitigatable Impacts
Significant Impacts
Criteria
Trail alignment routes under consideration
River Route Segment 1A (South end)
River Route Segment 1B (North end)
Inland Route Segment 2A (South end)
Inland Route Segment 2B (North end)
Inland Route - connection to River route Segment 3 (North end)
Will removal of significant amounts of
vegetation or significant trees
be required?
No – trail already
established.
Some grubbing/ trimming to
accommodate wider trail.
Yes, some shrub areas.
Yes, more shrub removal relative to 2A (south end).
Significant shrub
vegetation removal required.
Will significant habitat
compensation be required to develop this
section of trail? (how much?)
None anticipated.
No anticipated costs.
Although some crossings installed/ partially installed, additional
clearing and in-stream work will be required to accommodate
trail.
None anticipated.
No anticipated costs.
None anticipated.
No anticipated costs.
Compensation requirements will depend on
detailed design and
ability to realign route further north.
Will the trail fragment sensitive
ecosystems or have significant
impacts on wildlife?
No – trail already
established.
No – trail already
established. Some minor realignments
will have localized impacts.
2A-west route option will
impact Wm05 – blue-listed
Common Cattail Marsh – less impact on 2A-east.
Will require significant removal of
shrub vegetation
used by birds and fragment
habitat.
Will require significant removal of
shrub vegetation
used by birds and fragment
habitat. Will the trail
displace sensitive species
or species of interest?
Not anticipated Not anticipated Not anticipated
May result in on-going
disturbance to nesting /
foraging birds.
May result in on-going
disturbance to nesting /
foraging birds.
Will a minimum 15m buffer be
possible around watercourses?
Not applicable
No – encroachment will be required for crossings;
however, many crossings already present.
Yes – option to relocate trail away from
compensation area and
ponded areas.
No - 4-5 crossings may be required, but crossings
are small. Trail also situated close to pond
complex.
No - 1-2 crossings may
be required (poorly defined
channels) contingent on
finalized alignment.
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Table 7: Con’t.
1 2 4 5
Significant Benefits
Marginal Benefits
Mitigatable Impacts
Significant Impacts
Criteria
Trail alignment routes under consideration
River Route Segment 1A (South end)
River Route Segment 1B (North end)
Inland Route Segment 2A (South end)
Inland Route Segment 2B (North end)
Inland Route - connection to River route Segment 3 (North end)
Will a minimum 15m buffer be
possible around seasonally
inundated areas and ponded
areas?
Not applicable
No – inundated
areas to the west of 1B, particularly towards Pitt River Road.
Yes – option to relocate trail away from
compensation area and
ponded areas.
Yes – option to relocate trail away from
compensation area and
ponded areas.
Will depend on finalized
alignment, but presence of
standing water during field survey
may results in significant
challenges.
Will the trail introduce or
spread invasives?
Moderate potential – main
threat is Policeman’s
Helmet.
Moderate potential –
main threat is Policeman’s
Helmet.
Moderate - High Potential
– variety of invasives observed along this
route.
High Potential – numerous
invasives observed along this
route.
Low-moderate potential. Wetter
conditions will limit
establishment.
Will trail alignment
facilitate invasive management
removal?
Periodic invasive
removal was undertaken by
Metro Vancouver
Parks prior to trail closure.
Periodic invasive
removal was undertaken by
Metro Vancouver
Parks prior to trail closure.
Establishment / spread of
invasives may outweigh ability for removal.
Establishment / spread of
invasives may outweigh ability for removal.
Wetter conditions will
limit establishment.
Will wildlife corridors be enhanced or
impeded due to construction of
the trail alignment?
Existing trail / associated
corridor will be maintained.
Existing trail / associated
corridor will be maintained.
Marginal use by wildlife
given limited cover.
Although wildlife
movement will be enhanced,
increasing access could increase rail-
related mortalities.
Marginal use by wildlife
given limited cover.
Although wildlife
movement will be enhanced,
increasing access could increase rail-
related mortalities.
Dense shrub layer currently limits wildlife movement. Although wildlife
movement will be enhanced,
increasing access could increase rail-
related mortalities
Is Beaver management required along this segment?
Minimal Moderate Minimal Minimal Substantial
Cost Implication Low Moderate Low-Moderate Moderate Moderate-
High
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5 RECOMMENDATIONS
AquaTerra recommends the following for consideration during the route selection
process to minimize impacts to aquatic / terrestrial habitats and their inhabitants:
1. Minimize disturbance to the blue-listed Common Cattail Marsh (Wm05)
ecosystem in the vicinity of Alignment 2A (Figure 6 and Figure 7).
2. Utilize existing infrastructure wherever possible, including existing trails, areas
separating the former paddocks, and the former access road used to install the
hydro-towers (Figure 8 and Figure 9).
3. Minimize habitat fragmentation.
4. Locate trails well away from high value habitats (e.g., isolated shrub cluster in
trail route 2A).
5. If trail route 2B is selected, locate the trail away from the pond complex situated
between crossings 2B-3a and 2B-3b.
6. Avoid placing trails parallel to watercourses for extended distances, with a
preference of crossing perpendicular to the flow, where possible.
7. Consider the design / installation of flow control structures to reduce flooding.
8. Consider the use of oversized culverts to facilitate wildlife passage. Wildlife
passage may not be advisable in certain areas – i.e., for areas near the CPR
tracks or roadways. Passage should only be considered if there is sufficient
habitat on both sides of the culvert to support the target species and / or if there
is limited ability for wildlife to move through an area in the absence of an
oversized culvert.
5.1 RECOMMENDED ROUTE – ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
Based on the review of historical reports and field survey observations, AquaTerra
recommends the following trail routes, which are based solely on environmental
considerations, understanding that numerous other factors / considerations must be
evaluated prior to selecting the most suitable routes: Route 1A or 2A (eastern route) to
node, then across to 1B. (Figure 16).
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Figure 16: AquaTerra Recommended Route – Based on Environmental Constraints
Avoid erosional area in 1A and shrub habitats – bisect low-value grass-dominated areas to west. Provides additional buffer for Coquitlam River.
Avoid sensitive Common Cattail Marsh Ecosystem
Avoid numerous watercourse crossings and erosional areas in 1B.
Minimize habitat fragmentation by keeping trail close to edge of habitat boundary
Utilize historical access road (1979 ortho)
Utilize existing infrastructure
Avoid erosional areas in 1B.
Importation of Fill material will be required to achieve required elevation / prevent seasonal flooding. Some shrub vegetation removal required.
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6 PHASE 2 DATA REQUIREMENTS
The following tasks / studies are anticipated to be required following the selection of the
preferred trail routes:
- Detailed impact assessment for selected trail alignment;
- Detailed compensation / enhancement strategy to offset impacts associated with
trail construction including detailed area calculations and cost estimates;
- Determination of crossing requirements at crossings 2B-2 and 2B-4 (if this route
is selected), as the watercourses, if present, were dry during the summer field
surveys;
- Liaise with regulatory agencies, present existing data and determine
supplementary information requirements, if any, to support submittals;
- Investigate longer-term use strategy of Riverview and the potential influx of future
residents into the park. The trails should be designed to meet the objectives of
the Colony Farm Land Use Plan;
- Danger Tree / Hazard Tree assessment along the routes as a result of beaver
activity and appropriate mitigation strategies;
- Inventory significant trees along selected alignment(s) to assist in detailed trail
design in an effort to minimize tree disturbance;
- Set up remote trail cameras along selected route(s) to evaluate wildlife use and
the required, if any, for supplementary mitigation; and
- Work with an engineer/ to confirm watercourse crossing requirements and to
verify slope/bank stability.
7 PERMITS AND APPROVALS
The following permits and approvals are anticipated to be required prior to the onset of
trail construction.
Federal
DFO Project Review Approval (Fisheries Act) – 30-60 day review period
Provincial
Scientific Fish Collection Permit (Wildlife Act) – 30 day processing time
Wildlife Salvage Permit (Wildlife Act) – 30 day processing time
Animal Care Permit (Wildlife Act) – 30 day processing time
Section 9 Notification or Approval (Water Act) – 45 days (notification) and 140 days
(approval)
Sheep Paddocks Trail Phase 1 – Route Selection
Environmental Impact Assessment
35 AquaTerra Environmental Ltd.
8 REFERENCES
Beauchesne, Suzanne, and Carolyn Quinlan. GVRD Parks Central Area. 1999. Colony
Farm Regional Park Bird Summary Colony Farm Land Use Study Steering Committee 1995. Colony Farm Land Use Plan.
Available on-line: http://www.metrovancouver.org/services/parks_lscr/ColonyFarmSustainabilityPlan/ColonyFarmDocs/ColonyFarmLandUsePlan1995.pdf
Evely, A. 2009. Colony Farm Regional Park Biophysical Summary. Prepared for Colony
Farm Sustainability Planning Program. Fernhill 2007. Lower Coquitlam River Fish Habitat and Flooding Assessment. Fisheries Act. R.S.C. 1985, c. F-14. Consolidated Statutes of Canada. Fish Protection Act. S.B.C. 1997, c. 21. Statutes of British Columbia. Keystone Wildlife Research Ltd. 2008. Wildlife Habitat Assessment and Enhancement
Recommendations for the Colony Farm Restoration Project. MacNair, J. and T. Doix. 2009. Colony Farm Estuary – BC Hydro Bridge Coastal
Restoration Program Restoration Site Monitoring. Pearson, M. 2011. Fish Use of Sheep Paddocks Habitat Enhancements in Colony Farm
Regional Park During Winter. Tera Planning Ltd. 2009. Environmental Inventory and Sensitive Area Analysis of the
Western Portion of Colony Farm Regional Park. Tera Planning Ltd. and Robertson Environmental Services Ltd. 2010. Terrestrial and
Aquatic Studies for the Northwest Section of Colony Farm Regional Park.
Sheep Paddocks Trail Phase 1 – Route Selection
Environmental Impact Assessment
APPENDIX A
BC CONSERVATION DATA CENTRE (CDC) MAPPING RESULTS
BC Conservation Data Centre - Occurrence ReportCDC Results
0 1250 2500 3750 m.
Index Map
Legend
Occurrence data is updated frequently.This map should be considered out ofdate 6 months after
July 19, 2013For more information about the BC CDCvisit: http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/cdc/
MAP COMPILATIONProjection: Albers Equal Area ConicDatum: NAD 83 Scale: 1:41,455
Map center: 49° 14' 18" N, 122° 47' 46" W
Province of British ColumbiaMinistry of Environment
Map Created July 19, 2013
Sheep Paddocks Trail Phase 1 – Route Selection
Environmental Impact Assessment
APPENDIX B
FIELD SURVEY PHOTOGRAPHS
SHEEP PADDOCKS TRAIL PROJECT AREA PHOTOGRAPHS TRAIL HABITATS Photo 01: Alignment 1A – measuring tree DBHs.
Photo 02: Localized bank failure – Alignment 1A.
Photo 03: Alignment1B – trail situated very close to top-of-bank.
Photo 04: Alignment 2B – measuring watercourse attributes.
Photo 05: Alignment 1B – near Pitt River Road.
Photo 06: Looking northwest towards alignment 2A.
Photo 07: Approximate alignment 2A looking northward.
Photo 08: Dense shrub area to the west of alignment 2A – high biodiversity area for birds.
Photo 09: South portion of alignment 2B looking northward.
Photo 10: Alignment 2B – Central Portion - looking northward.
Photo 11: Alignment 2B - example of encroachment of invasives when area is cleared.
Photo 12: Alignment 2B looking north from towers.
Photo 13: Alignment 2B from Pitt River Road.
Photo 14: Alignment 3 from area west of junction of Alignment 1B.
Photo 15: Alignment 3 - dense shrub cover in areas where water not present.
Photo 16: Alignment 3 – numerous areas of standing water / ponded water due to beaver activity.
FISH, WILDLIFE, SENSITIVE SPECIES, AND SPECIES OF MANAGEMENT CONCERN Photo 01: Lazuli Bunting (Passerina amoena) – a rare BC bird found only in the Colony Farms area.
Photo 02: Mourning Cloak (Nymphalis antiopa).
Photo 03: Juvenile Coho rearing in the lower reaches of the Coquitlam River
Photo 04: Three-spined Stickleback schooling in areas of ponded water to the east of alignment 1B.
Photo 05: One of the many nest sites observed within Alignments 1A-B.
Photo 06: Yellow-Flag Iris – an invasive species of management concern – Alignment 1A.
Photo 07: Treated Japanese Knotweed in Area 1B. Other clusters still present as well as in Alignment 2B close to railroad tracks.
Photo 08: Scotch Broom – a species of management concern.
Photo 09: Policeman’s Helmet / Himalayan Balsam – an invasive species of management concern.
Photo 10: American Beaver territorial marker.
Photo 11: Numerous Red Alder and Black Cottonwood snags for use by bird species.
Photo 12: Beaver sign, observed throughout the project area.
Photo 13: Non-native / invasive Green Frog – observed throughout the project area.
Sheep Paddocks Trail Phase 1 – Route Selection
Environmental Impact Assessment
APPENDIX C
INVASIVE PLANT DETAILS
Trail Route Section Overview of Invasive Species Encountered Detailed Locations of isolated populations of invasives Management Considerations
SouthExisting trail margins dominated by Himalayan Blackberry
with sporadic areas populated by Reed Canarygrass
Himalayan Blackberry was well established. As a result, on-going
treatment would be required, conferring limited success.
Central Sporadic / scattered Himalayan Blackberry at trail margins with increased native shrub and tree cover relative to the
southern section.
Himalayan Blackberry was well established. As a result, on-going
treatment would be required, conferring limited success.
North
Transitions to more dense deciduous forest cover relative to the central section. Sporadic Himalayan Blackberry
was observed within open canopy areas near the north and south terminus of this section, whereas Policeman's
Helmet was observed to be more prevalent in central sections with sufficient canopy cover. The area was
colonized by several small populations of English Holly, English Ivy, and Peavine. A small colony of Purple
Loosestrife was identified and Sycamore Maple were also observed.
English Holly (1 small) 10U 514228E 5454459N English Holly (1 small) 10U 514319E 5454495N English Holly (1 small) 10U 514311E 5454493N
Peavine (1 small) 10U 514350E 5454514N English Holly (1 small) 10U 514353E 5454517N English Holly (1 small) 10U 514372E 5454536N
Policeman's Helmet starts 10U 545384E 5454561N English Holly (1 medium) 10U 514389E 5454566N English Holly (1 medium) 10U 514387E 5454588N
English Ivy (<2m2) 10U 514386E 5454590N
Purple Loosestrife (approx. 5m2) 514338E 5454689N
English Ivy (<2m2) 10U 514338E 5454692N Sycamore Maple (3) 10U 514325E 5454749N
Many of these identified occurences of English Holly, English Ivy and Purple
Loosestrife were in the early stages of establishment and could be easily
eradicated
South
This section is dominated by Reed Canarygrass forming a dense monostand throughout. Minor, scattered Himalayan Blackberry, Thistle, and Curled Dock were observed closer
to the south gate with extensive coverage of Creeping Buttercup transitioning to nearly 100% Reed Canarygrass
and only scattered trace blackberry and thistle further north.
Scotch Broom (1 medium) 10U 514083E 5454439N Thistle (1 small) 10U 514109E 5454496N
Scotch Broom (1 large) 10U 514163E 5454560N
Reed Canarygrass was well established and as a result management options would be limited and treatment would
likely have limited success.
Central
This bench area was dominated by Himalayan Blackberry with minor scattered thistle observed at the west edge of the bench. The north edge of this section transitioned to
Reed Canarygrass with minor, scattered Himalayan Blackberry, Morning Glory and Blueweed.
Himalayan Blackberry was well established. As a result, on-going
treatment would be required, conferring limited success.
Northwest
Invasives, other than Reed Canarygrass, which dominated this section were largely to confined to areas closest to the
railway right-of-way and included Himalayan Blackberry, Morning Glory, and Prickly Sow Thistle. Some minor
Policeman's Helmet was observed along the edge of the tracks within approximately 5 metres of the trail alignment.
Reed Canarygrass was well established and significant efforts would have to be undertaken to increase shrub density in
this area.
NortheastReed Canarygrass was the dominate vegetation
throughout this section.
Reed Canarygrass was well established and significant efforts would have to be undertaken to increase shrub density in
this area.
South
This section slowly transitions to dense deciduous forest from the open areas closer to the overhead powerline right-of-way. Sporadic Himalayan Blackberry and trace levels of Policeman's Helmet were observed throughout. Other identified invasives included are large area of Yellow-flag Iris, minor Morning Glory as well as individual occurences of Bull Thistle, Burdock, Dalmatian Toadflax, English Ivy,
and Purple Loosestrife. A treated colony of Japanese Knotweed was identified at a side-channel confluence with
the Coquitlam River (Crossing 1B-2)
Sycamore Maple (1 small/1 large) 10U 514331E 5454789N
Yellow-flag Iris (~100m2) 10U 514334E 5454803N Morning Glory (small) 10U 514336E 5454810N
Bull Thistle (small) 10U 514336E 5454810N Burdock (1) 10U 514343E 5454820N
Dalmation Toadflax (1) 10U 514343E 5454820N Purple Loosestrife (1) 10U 514345E 5454829N
Japanese Knotweed (~50-75m2) 10U 514377E 5454852N
Purple Loosestrife (<1m2) 10U 514396E 5454867N
English Ivy (<2m2) 10U 514398E 5454871N
Japanese Knotweed had been previously treated but significant re-growth has
occurred and additional untreated plants were observed along the side-channel
banks, further upstream of the treatment area.
Central
Several sections of dense Policeman's Helmet were identified in this section with gaps where it is completely absent. Himalayan Blackberry remained present further
off the trail alignment but was scattered and in low densities. The area was dominated by native tree and
shrub species and was relatively unimpacted by invasives with the exception of established areas of Policeman's
Helmet. A small untreated colony of Japanese Knotweed
(<5m2) was located near the north end of this section. Purple Loosestrife and Yellow-flag Iris were identifed
within a wetted area north of the trail.
Japanese Knotweed (~1x4m) 10U 514691E 5455114N Purple Loosestrife (~1x4m) 10U 514734E 5455181N
Yellow-flag Iris (<4m2) 10U 514734E 5455181N
Japanese Knotweed was small - immediate treatment recommended to
avoid further spread.
North
Several sections of dense Policeman's Helmet were identified in this section with gaps were it is completely
absent. Himalayan Blackberry remained present further off the trail alignment but was genearlly scattered and in low densities near the Coquitlam River transititioning to
increasing density approaching Pitt River Road.
South
Several invasive species were observed in close proximity to the railway right-of-way including Sweet-White Clover,
Oxe-Eye Daisy, Dalmation Toadflax, and Prickly Sow Thistle. Surrounding disturbed/cleared areas used
previously to access transmission towers were heavily impacted by both Policeman's Helmet and Japanese
Knotweed. Himalayan Blackberry and Reed Canarygrass dominated the east limit of the railway right-of-way at the
west edge of the trail alignment. Within the majority of the trail alignment outside of those areas impacted by
Policeman's Helmet and Japanese Knotweed vegetation consisted primarily of native tree and shrub (e.g., willow)
as well as aquatic species with limited Himalayan Blackberry and Reed Canarygrass.
Japanese Knotweed - located along the east edge of the railway right-of-way between 10U 514412E 5455016N10U and 514398E 5454977N (approx. 50 x 25 m) and a second smaller
area (approx. 3 x 8m) at 10U 514378E 5454919N. Policeman's Helmet - followed a former access road to
transmission tower between 10U 514413E 5455022N and 10U 514458E 5455009N (approx. 50 x 10m).
Trail alignment would significantly increase the likelihood of spread of
Policeman's Helmet proximate to the transmission tower.
North
Several invasive species were observed in close proximity to the railway right-of-way including Sweet-White Clover, Oxe-Eye Daisy, Dalmation Toadflax, Prickly Sow Thistle, and Purple Loosestrife. Himalayan Blackberry and Reed Canarygrass dominated the east limit of the railway right-of-way at the west edge of the trail alignment. Within the trail alignment and further east the vegetation generally transitioned to native and shrub (e.g., willow) as well as aquatic species with limited Himalayan Blackberry and
Reed Canarygrass.
Purple Loosestrife (~5x8m) 10U 514461E 5455236N
Pitt River Road
Lupine was observed within grass-covered areas and the edge of vegetation along Pitt River Road. Himalayan
Blackberry and Reed Canarygrass formed a dense layer along the south edge the mowed, grass-covered area adjacent to the south of the existing Pitt River Road.
Approximately 14 Scotch Broom plants were identifed near the edge of the existing paved trail southwest of the
bridge.
Trail 3BGenerally this alignment was free of significant invasive
species, with the exception of scattered Himalayan Blackberry and scattered colonies of Reed Canarygrass
Trail 1A
Trail 2A
Trail 1B
Trail 2B