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APPENDIX A
Acronyms and Abbreviations*
a
A
A AAR
AARTS
AAS
AB
ABCA
abs
ABS
ABSBH
ac
AC
ACA
ACC
ACCS
ACCUNET
ACD
atto (10-18)
ampere
angstrom
automatic alternate routing
automatic audio remote test set
aeronautical advisory station
asynchronous balanced (mode) (Link Layer OSI-RM)
American, British, Canadian, Australian armies
absolute
aeronautical broadcast station
average busy season busy hour
alternating current
absorption coefficient
access charge
access code
automatic circuit assurance
automatic callback calling
associated common-channel signaling
AT&T switched 56-kbps service
automatic call distributing
automatic call distributor
* Alphabetized letter by letter. Uppercase letters follow lowercase letters. All other symbols are ignored, including superscripts and subscripts. Numerals follow Z and Greek letters are at the very end.
1127
Appendix A
ac-dc
ACE
ACF/VTAM
ACK
ACK/NAK
ACS
ACSE
ACTS
ACU
AD
AID
A-D
ADAPT
ADC
ADCCP
ADH
ADP
ADPCM
ADPE
ADPS
ADPSSO
ADS
ADSP
ADSU
ADU
ADX
AECS
AECSP
AEF
AEQ
AES
AF
AFC
alternating-current direct-current (ringing)
automatic cross-connection equipment
advanced communications facility (VT AM)
acknowledge character
acknowledgement
acknowledgement/negative acknowledgement
airport control station
asynchronous communications system
association control service element
advanced communications technology satellite
automatic calling unit
addendum
analog to digital
analog to digital
architectures design, analysis, and planning tool
analog-to-digital converter
automatic digital control
Advanced Data Communications Control Procedure (ANSI)
automatic data handling
automatic data processing
automatic data processor
adaptive differential pulse code modulation
Association for Data Processing and Computer Management
automatic data processing equipment
automatic data processing system
automatic data processing system security officer
automatic dependent surveillance
AppleTalk Data Stream Protocol
automatic dependent surveillance unit
automatic dialing unit
automatic data exchange
Aeronautical Emergency Communications System
Aeronautical Emergency Communications System Plan
aircraft emergency frequency
aeronautical emergency frequency
automatic recovery quotient
aeronautical Earth station
audio frequency
area frequency coordinator
automatic frequency control
automatic frequency control
1128
Appendix A
AFI
AFNOR
AFP
AFRN
AFRS
AFS
AG
AGC
AGE
AGRS
AGWCS
AHF
AI
AIG
AIM
AIN
AIOD
AIS
AISC
AISS
AJ
AL
ALAP
ALBAM
ALC
ALE
ALGOL
ALMRBS
ALMRS
ALOHA
ALU
Nm AM
address and fonnat identifier (ISO)
Association Fran~ais Nonnal (France standards body)
Association Fran~aise des Nonnes (France Standards)
AppleTalk Filing Protocol
Anned Forces Radio Network
Anned Forces Radio Service
aeronautical fixed service
aeronautical fixed station
antenna gain
automatic gain control
aerospace ground equipment
air-ground radiotelephone service
air-ground worldwide communications system
adaptive high frequency (radio)
absorption index
artificial intelligence
address indicator group
address indicating group
amplitude intensity modulation
advanced intelligence network
automatic identified outward dialing
automated infonnation system
application-specific integrated circuit
automated infonnation systems security
anti -jamming
Application Layer
AppleTalk Link Access Protocol
air-land battle assessment model
automatic level control
automatic load control
automatic link establishment
Algorithmic Language
airport land mobile radio base station
airport land mobile radio station
an experimental radio broadcast network
arithmetic and logic unit
arithmetic and logical unit
amperes per meter
amplitude modulated
amplitude modulation
amplitude modulator
1129
Appendix A
AMA
AMC
AME
AMI
AMLCD
AMlPMNSB
AMPS
AMPSSO
AM(R)S
AMS
AMS(OR)S
AMS(R)S
AMSS
AMTS
ANA
ANI
ANL
ANMCC
ANS
ANSI
ANT
AP
APC
apd
a.p.d.
APD
APDC
APEX
API
angle modulation
ante meridian
automatic message accounting
administrative management complex
amplitude modulation equivalent
automatic message exchange
alternate mark inversion
alternate mark inversion (signal)
active matrix liquid crystal display
amplitude modulation/phase modulation/vestigial sideband
Advanced Mobile Phone Service
automatic message processing system
automated message processing system security officer
aeronautical mobile (route) service
aeronautical mobile service
aeronautical multicom service
aeronautical mobile-satellite (off-route) service
aeronautical mobile-satellite (route) service
aeronautical mobile-satellite service
automated maritime telecommunications system
article numbering association
automatic number identification
automatic noise limiter
Alternate National Military Command Center
ambient noise level
American National Standard
American National Standards Institute (formerly ASA)
antenna noise temperature
anomalous propagation
applications processor
adaptive predictive code
adaptive predictive coding
automatic phase control
avalanche photodiode
avalanche photodiode
automatic phase control
avalanche photodetector
avalanche photodiode
avalanche photodiode coupler
Advanced Project for Information Exchange
application program interface
1130
Appendix A
APIICS
APK
APL
APPC
APPN
APSK
APT
ARENA
ARM
ARN
ARNS
ARNSS
ARP
ARPA
ARPAnet
ARPANET
ARQ
ARR
ARS
ARTIC
ARU
AS
ASA
ASAS
ASC
ASCII
ASE
ASIC
ASN.1
ASOCnet
ASP
ASR
application program interface/communications service
amplitude phase-shift keying
A Programming Language
Array Programming Language
average picture level
Advanced Program-to-Program Communications (IBM)
Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking
amplitude phase-shift keying
Automatically Programmed Tool
Automated Recourse to Electronic Negotiations Archive
asynchronous response mode (Link Layer OSI-RM)
air reporting net
aeronautical radionavigation service
aeronautical radionavigation-satellite service
address resolution protocol
Address Resolution Protocol (standard)
Advanced Research Projects Agency (now DARPA)
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
automatic repeat-request
automatic request for transmission
airborne radio relay
automatic route selection
automatic route selector
a realtime interface coprocessor
audio response unit
abstract syntaxe
aeronautical station
American Standards Association (Now ANSI)
all-source analysis system
AUTODIN Switching Center
axis of signal communications
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
automatic switching equipment
application-specific integrated circuit
Abstract Syntax Notation 1 (ISO)
Army Special Operations Command Network
adjunct service point
Aggregated Switch Procurement
AppleTaJk Session Protocol
automatic send and receive
1131
Appendix A
ASRT
ASS
ASTM
AT
ATACS
ATB
ATC
ATOM
ATE ATF
ATM
ATOF
ATOW
ATV
au
AU
AU!
AUTODIN
AUTOSEVOCOM
AUTOVON
AVO
AVPO
AWG
AWGN
AWM
AWSIM
AZ
b
B
balun
BAS
automatic send/receive terminal
amateur satellite service
automatic switching system
American Society for Testing and Materials
asynchronous transmission
Army Tactical Communications System (U.S.)
all trunks busy (signal)
air traffic control
air traffic controller
asynchronous time-division multiplexing
automatic test equipment
advanced tactical (optical) fiber
alternative test method
alternative test mode
asynchronous transfer mode
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (standard)
automatic teller machine
automatic tracking mechanism
advanced tactical optical fiber
acquisition and tracking orderwire
advanced television
astronomical unit
access unit
access unit interface
attachment unit interface
Automatic Digital Network (U.S. 000)
Automatic Secure Voice Communications Network
Automatic Voice Network (U.S. 000)
alternate voice/data
axial vapor phase oxidation (process)
American Wire Gauge
additive white Gaussian noise
appliance wiring material
air warfare simulation
azimuth
bit (binary digit)
byte
bel, byte
balanced-to-unbalanced
basic activity set (OSI Session)
1132
Appendix A
basecom
BASIC
BB
BBC
BBLAN
BBS
BCC
BCD
BCH
BCI
BCS
BCVT
Bd
BEL
bell
BEP
BER
BERT'
BES
BETRS
BEX
BFlCC
BFL
BFOG
BIGFON
BIH
BIOD
BIOS
bis
BISDN
B-ISDN
bi-sync
bit
BIT
base communications
beginner's all-purpose symbolic instruction code
baseband
back-to-back connection
British Broadcasting Company
baseband local area network
bridge-to-bridge station
block check character
binary coded decimal
Bose-Chaudhuri-Hochquenghem (code)
bit count integrity
B-channel circuit-switched
basic combined set (OSI Session)
basic class virtual tenninal (OSI)
baud
bell (transmission control character)
BEL character
block error probability
basic energy reduction
bit error rate (errors/time)
bit error ratio (errors/characters sent)
block error ratio
bit error ratio test
bit error ratio tester
base Earth station
Basic Exchange Telecommunications Radio Service
broadband exchange
British Facsimile Industry Consultative Committee
back focal length
Brillouin fiber optic gyroscope
experimental Gennan video service
Bureau International del 'Heure
International Time Bureau
Bell integrated optical device
basic input-output system
second version of a recommendation (CCITr)
broadband integrated services digital network
Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (Standard)
binary synchronous (communications)
binary digit
built-in test
1133
Appendix A
BITE
BID
BLER
BLERT
BLP
BLR
BMLC
BMMG
BMR
BNF
BNR
BOB
BOC
BOCs
BOP
bpi
BPI
bps
BPS
BPSK
BR
BRA
BRI
BRL BRLP
BS
b/s
b· S-I
b/sec
b • sec-I
BSA
BSC
BSE
BSGL
built-in test equipment
basic infonnation unit (lBM/SNA)
bus interface unit
block error rate
block error rate test
block error rate tester
block error rate testing
block loss probability
block loss ratio
Basic Mode Link Control
British Minicomputer Manufacturing Group
bit misdelivery ratio
block misdelivery ratio
Backus-Naur fonn
Bell Northern Research
break-out box
Bell Operating Company
Bell Operating Companies
Bit-Oriented Protocol
bits per inch
bytes per inch
bits per inch
bytes per inch
bits per second
B-channel packet-switched
binary phase-shift keying
bit rate
basic rate access
basic rate interface
Basic Rate Interface (ISDN)
balance return loss
bit-rate· length product
broadcasting service
bits per second
bits per second
bits per second
bits per second
basic serving arrangement
binary synchronous communication
basic service element
branch systems general license
1134
Appendix A
BSI
BSO
BSS
BT
BTl
BTN
BTR BW
BWDF
B3ZS
B6ZS
B8ZS
c
C
C4
CAA
CAC2
CACS
CAD
CAD/CAM
CALS
CAM
CAMA
CAN
CAP
CARS
CAS
British Standards Institution
bit-synchronous operation
basic synchronized set (OSI Session)
broadcasting-satellite service
British Telecom
British Telecom International
billing telephone number
block transfer rate
bandwidth
bandwidth • distance factor
bipolar with three-zero substitution
bipolar with six-zero substitution
bipolar with eight-zero substitution
centi (10-2)
symbol for the speed of light in vacuum
capacitance (electric circuit)
coulomb (electric charge)
command and control
command and control system (tactical)
command, control, and communications
command, control, and communications system (tactical)
command, control, communications, and computers
collinear antenna array
combined arms command and control
centralized alarm control system
computer-aided dispatching
computer-aided design
computer-assisted design
computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing.
continuous acquisition and lifecycle support
computer-aided manufacturing
computer-assisted manufacturing
centralized automatic message accounting
cancel character (control character)
competitive access provider
customer administration panel
cable (television) relay service
cable (television) relay station
centralized attendant services
channel-associated signaling
1135
Appendix A
CASE
CATV
CBEMA
CBMS
CBR
CBS
CBX
cc
CC
CCA
CCC
CCCCP
CCD
CCEB
cch
CCR
CCI
CCIF
CCIR
CCIS
CCIT
CCITT
ccs
CCS
common application service elements
computer-aided software engineering
computer-aided system engineering
computer-assisted software engineering
computer-assisted system engineering
cable television
cable TV
community antenna television
1136
Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers Association (Sponsor ANSI X3)
computer-based messaging system (NIST)
Carson bandwidth rule
common-battery signaling
corps battle simulation
computer branch exchange
computerized branch exchange (IBM)
cubic centimeter (milliliter)
country code
carrier-controlled approach
call control character
command and control center
communications control center
Committee on Computer-to-Computer Communication Protocols
charge-coupled device
Combined Communications-Electronics Board
hundred circuit • hours
connections per circuit-hour
hundred circuit-hours
character count integrity
International Consultative Committee for Telephone
International Radio Consultative Committee
common channel interoffice signaling
International Consultative Committee for Telegraph (now CCITT)
Comite Consultatif International Telegraphique et Telephonique
International Consultative Telegraph and Telephone Committee
command, control, and communications countermeasures
commitment, concurrency, and recovery
hundred call· seconds (c=l00, Roman)
clear confirmation signal
common channel signaling
hundred call-seconds (C=l00, Roman)
Appendix A
CCSA
CCSS No.7
CCTV
CCW
cd
CD
CD ROM
CDC
CDF
CDM
CDMA
CDPSK
CDR
CDS
CDT
CDU
C-E
CEC
CEI
CELP
CEM
CEN
CENLEC
CEP
CEPT
CERN
CES
CF
CFE
CFR
CFSK
cgs
CHIEF
CHILL
common control switching arrangement
common channel signaling system No. 7 (CCITT)
closed-circuit television
cable cutoff wavelength
candela
carrier detect
compact disk read-only memory
call directly code
chromatic dispersion coefficient
combined distribution frame
cumulative distribution function
color division multiplexing
conditioned diphase modulation
code division multiple access
code-division multiple-access (spread spectrum)
coherent differential phase-shift keying
call detail recording
chromatic dispersion slope
control data terminal
central display unit
communications-electronics
Committee of European Communities
comparably efficient interconnection
code-excited linear prediction (coding)
common equipment module (Ferranti)
Comite Europeen de Normalization
European Committee for Electrotechnological Standardization
circular error probability
circular error probable
1137
Conference Europeen des Administrations des Postes et des Teltkommunications
European Nuclear Research Center
coast Earth station
critical frequency
contractor-furnished equipment
Cambridge fast ring
Code of Federal Regulations
coherent frequency shift keying
centimeter-gram-second (system of units)
customs handling of import and export freight
CCITT high-level language (telephone exchange use)
Appendix A
CHINAPAC
CHOP
ChR
ch • S-I
C31
C41
CI
CIAS
CIC
CICS
CIF
CIFAX
CIM
CINC
CINCLANT
CINCPAC
ciphony
CiR
CIS
C/kt
cl
CL
CL
CLASS
CLIO
CLIP
CLIR
CLIS
CLIST
CLR
cm
CM
CMA CMC
CMDR
CMI
CMIP
China national packet switching network
change in operational control
channel reliability
characters per second
command, control, communications, and intelligence
command, control, computers, communications, and intelligence
computer industry
cooperation index
circuit inventory and analysis system
content indicator code
customer information control system
common interface format
common intermediate format
ciphered facsimile
computer-integrated manufacturing
corporate information management
commander-in-chief
Commander-in-Chief, Atlantic
Commander-in-Chief, Pacific
ciphered telephony
circuit reliability
communications and information systems
carrier-to-receiver noise density
centiliter
connectionless
connectionless (mode)
custom local area signaling service
calling line identification
calling line identification presentation
calling line identification restriction
calling line identification signal
command list
clear request (connection)
centimeter
configuration management
centralized message accounting
communications management configuration
customer management complex
command reject
coded mark inversion
Common Management Information Protocol
1138
Appendix A
CMIS
CMOS
CMOT
CMP
CMRR
CMT
CMW
C/N
CNL
CNM
CNR
CNS
CO
C.O.
COAM
COAT
coax
COBOL
COD
codec
COG
CO-LAN
COM
COMINT
COMJAM
compandor
COMPUSEC
COMSAT
COMSEC
CONEX
CONUS
COS
common management information service
common management information system
complementary metal oxide semiconductor
complementary metal oxide substrate
CMIS management over TCP
communications management processor
common-mode rejection ratio
connectionless mode transmission
compartmented mode workstation
carrier to noise power ratio
carrier-to-noise-ratio
carrier noise level
communications network management
communications network manager
carrier-to-noise power ratio
carrier to noise ratio
combat net radio
complementary network services
central office
central office (telephone network)
connection oriented
central office
customer owned and maintained equipment
coherent optical adaptive technique
coaxial cable
common business oriented language
catastrophic optical damage
coder-decoder
centralized ordering group
central office local area network
computer output microform
communications intelligence
communications jamming
compressor-expander
computer security
Communications Satellite Corporation
communications security
connectivity exchange
continental United States
Continental United States
Corporation for Open Systems (U.S.)
1139
Appendix A
COT
CO{fP
cp
CP
CPE
cpi
CPI
cpm
CP/M
CPP
cps
CPS
CPU
CR
CRADA
CRC
CREG
CRITCOM
CRITICOM
CROM
CRSS
CRT
cis
CS
c • s
CSC
CSCINT
CSDN
customer office terminal
Connection-Oriented Transaction Protocol
candlepower
carrier pulse
customer premises equipment
characters per inch
common physical interface (ISDN)
characters per minute
counts per minute
control program for microcomputers
Cable Patch Panel (DEC)
characters per second
counts per second
cycles per second (deprecated for frequency)
call progress signal
central processing unit
communications processor unit
call request (ISO)
carriage return (character)
channel reliability
character recognition
circuit reliability
connection request (ISO)
contrast ratio
cooperative research and development agreement
cyclic redundancy check
concentrated range extension with gain
critical intelligence communications
Critical Communications Intelligence Network
control read-only memory
C3I reusable software system.
cathode-ray tube
cycles per second (deprecated for frequency)
carrier system
communications survivability
call • second
communications survivability
circuit switching center
common signaling channel
closed source intelligence
circuit-switched data network
1140
Appendix A
CSE
CSM
CSMA
CSMA/CA
CSMA/CD
CSNET
CST
CSU
CTCA
CID CTL
CTM
CTS
CTX
CUG
CVD
CVPO
CVSD
cw
CW
CWSS
CX
CX
cxr
d
D"
da
communications security equipment
communications security material
communications system management
communications systems management
Communications and Systems Management
carrier-sense multiple-access
carrier-sense multiple-access w/collision avoidance
CSMA with collision avoidance
carrier-sense multiple-access w/collision detection
CSMA with collision detection
computer science network (U.S. research)
compatible sideband transmission
channel service unit
circuit switching unit
customer service unit
Canadian Telecommunications Carriers Association
clock time difference
critical technical load
circuit transfer mode
clear to send
clear to send (EIA RS-232)
Centrex®
clear to transmit
closed user group (X.25)
chemical vapor deposition (process)
chemical vapor phase oxidation (process)
continuously variable slope delta (modulation)
carrier wave
composite wave
continuous wave
carrier wave
composite wave
continuous wave
communications wiring system
composite signaling
connection (mode)
carrier
deci (10-')
D star (specific detectivity)
deka (10)
1141
Appendix A
D-A
D/A
DACS
DAD
DAMA
DAP
DAR
DARPA
DASS
DASS2
DATAPAC
DATEX-L
DATEX-P
dB
dBa
DBA
dBa(FIA)
dBa(HAI)
dBaO
dBc
DBC
DBI
dBm
dBm(psoph)
dBmO
dBmOp
DBMS
dBmV
dBnW
DBP
dB(psoph)
dBpW
dBr
dBm
dBmC
dBmCO
dBm(f\-f2)
dBm(144-line)
DBS
digital to analog
digital to analog
digital access and cross-connect system
draft addendum
demand assignment multiple access
Data Access Protocol (DECnet)
dynamically adaptive routing
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (U.S.)
digital access signaling system
digital access signaling system two
a public packet-switched network (Canada)
digital circuit-switched service (Germany)
public packet-switched network (Germany)
decibel
weighted noise power in dB referred to -85 dBm
directed broadcast address
noise power measured with FlA-line weighting
noise power measured with HA I-receiver weighting
noise power measured at zero transmission level point
dB relative to carrier power
dense binary code
decibel above isotropic
dB referred to I milliwatt (0 dBm = I milliwatt)
noise power in dBm with psophometric weighting
noise power in dBm referred to or measured at OTLP
noise power in dBmO measured with psophometric weighting
noise power in dBmO measured with C-message weighting
database management system
dB referred to I millivolt across 75 ohms
decibel referred to I millivolt (signal level)
dB referred to I nanowatt (0 dBn W = I n W)
Deutsche Bundespost (German Communications)
noise power in dBm measured with psophometric weighting
dB referred to I picowatt (0 dBpW = I pW)
dB referred to a given reference
dB above reference noise
noise power in dBm measured with C-message weighting
noise power in dBmC referred to or measured at OTLP
flat noise power in dBm
noise power in dBm measured with I44·line weighting
direct broadcast satellite
1142
Appendix A
DBTVS
dBv
dBV
dBW
dBx
dBO
DB-25
dBJlW
dc
DC
DCA
DCC
DCD
DCE
DCF
DCI
DCOF
DCPSK
DCS
DCTN
DCWV
DDCMP
DDD
DDL
DDM
DDN
DDP
DDR
DDS
DE
DEB
DEC
DECCA
direct broadcast television satellite
decibels relative to I volt peak-to-peak
dB relative to I V (volt)
dB referred to 1 W (watt) (0 dBW = 1 W)
decibels referred to I watt (0 dBW = 1 watt)
dB above reference coupling
decibels above reference coupling
noise power in dBm referred to or measured at OTLP
EIA RS-232 connector
dB referred to 1 microwatt (0 dBJlW = 1 JlW)
direct current
direct current
double crucible (process)
Defense Communications Agency
document content architecture (IBM)
data country code
digital cross-connect
data carrier detect
data circuit-terminating equipment
doubly cladded (optical) fiber
diametral cooperation index
doubly cladded optical fiber
differentially coherent phase-shift keying
Defense Communications System
Defense Commercial Telecommunications Network
direct-current working volts
Digital Data Communications Message Protocol (DEC)
direct distance dialing
data description language
distributed data management
Defense Data Network (U.S.)
Datagram Delivery Protocol
disengagement denial ratio
dataphone digital service (AT&T)
digital data service
direct dialing service
doped deposited silica (process)
data element
differentially encoded baseband
Digital Equipment Corporation
digital positioning system
1143
Appendix A
DECnet
DECT
DEL
DELNI
demarc
demod
DEMOD
DEMPR
demux
deMUX
DEMUX
demuxing
DEPS
dequeue
DES
detem
DETEM
DF
DFB
DFM
DFSK
OOPS
ooT DHCF
DlA
DID
DIN
Digital Equipment Corporation network architecture
Digital European Cordless Telecommunications
digital European cordless telephone
digital European cordless telephony
delete character (control character)
DEC Local Network Interface
demarcation point
demodulator
demodulator
DEC Multiport Repeater
demultiplex
demultiplexed
demultiplexer
demultiplexing
demultiplex (et al. above)
demultiplex (et al. above)
demultiplexing
departmental entry-processing system
double-ended queue
data encryption standard
Data-Encryption Standard (NBS now NIST)
double-ended synchronization
detector/emitter
detector/emitter
direction finder
direction finding
distress frequency
distributed feedback (laser)
digital frequency modulation
double frequency-shift keying
differential global positioning system
Direction Geneale des Telecommunications (France)
Distribution Host Command Facility
Defense Intelligence Agency
document interchange architecture (IBM)
direct inward dialing
Deutsche Industrie Normenausschuss (Germany)
Deutsches Institut fiir Normung (German Standards)
Deutsches Institut flir Normung (German standards body)
German Industrial Standards Committee
German Institute for Standardization (German standards body)
1144
Appendix A
DINA
diopt
DIP
DIS
DISA
disc
DISC
DISH
DISN
DISNET
DISOSS
DIW
D/L
DLA
DLC
DLCI
DLE
DLL
DM
DMA
DME
DMI
DMS
DMT
DMW
DN
DNA
DNIC
direct noise amplification (jammer)
diopter
dual in-line package
dual in-line package (switch)
Draft International Standard
Defense Information Systems Agency
disconnect
disconnect command
disconnect
disconnect command
data interchange for shipping (U.K.)
Defense Information Systems Network
Defense Integrated Secure Network
distributed office support system
D-inside wire
downlink
Defense Logistics Agency
digital loop carrier
data link connection identifier
data link escape
data link escape character
Data Link Layer
delay modulation
delta modulation
differential modulation
Defense Mapping Agency
differential mode attenuation
direct memory access (data transfer)
distance measuring equipment
digital multiplexed interface (data transfer)
data management system
Defense Message System
digital multiplexed switch (Northern Telecom)
digital multiplexed trunk
digital microwave
digital network
directory number
DEC network architecture
Defense Nuclear Agency
data network identification code
Data Network Identification Code (CCITT)
1145
Appendix A
DNPA
DNS
DNSIX
DO
DoC
DoD
DOD
DoD-STD
DoDD
DoDI
DoDISS
DOS
DOV
dp
DPBX
DPCM
dpIS
DPLL
DPM
DPNSS
DPPB
DPRS
DPSK
DQDB
DQTV
DRAM
DRS
DRSI
DS
DSA
DSAP
DSB
data numbering plan area
Domain Name System
Defense Network Security Information Exchange
design objective
Department of Commerce (U.S.)
Department of Defense (U.S.)
direct outward dialing
Department of Defense Standard
Department of Defense Directive (U.S.)
Department of Defense Instruction (U.S.)
DoD Index of Specfications and Standards (U.S)
disk operating system
data over voice
draft proposal (ISO)
data private branch exchange
differential pulse-code modulation
draft proposed international standard (ISO)
digital phase-locked loop
digital phase modulation
dual-precedence message
digital private network signaling system
digital primary patch bay
domestic public radio service
differential phase-shift keying
distributed queue, dual bus (MAN)
distributed-queue dual-bus (network)
distribution-quality television
dynamic random access memory
disengagement request signal
destination station routing indicator
digital signal
direct support
dispersion-shifted (optical fiber)
duplex signaling
dial service assistance
Defense Security Agency
directory service agent
destination service access point (IEEE 802)
Defense Science Board
dial service board
double-sideband (transmission)
1146
Appendix A
DSB-RC
DSB-SC
DSC
DSCS
DSE
DSI
DSL
DSM
DSN
DSP
DSR
DSS
DSSCS
DSSS
DSTE
DSU
DSO
DSI
DSIC
DS2
DS3
DS4
DS-l
DS-3
DTCM
DTE
DTG
DTI
DTMF
DTN
double-sideband reduced carrier
double-sideband suppressed carrier (transmission)
digital selective calling
Defense Satellite Communications System
data switching equipment
data switching exchange
digital speech interpolation
digital subscriber line
digital subscriber loop (AT&T)
delta-sigma modulation
direct sequence modulation
direct-spread modulation
Defense Switched Network
digital signal processing
domain specific part (addressing)
data sampling rate
data signaling rate
digital signaling rate
disengagement success ratio
direct station selection
Defense Special Service Communications System
direct sequence spread spectrum
data subscriber terminal equipment
data service unit
digital signal 0
digital signal 1
digital signal 1 C
digital signal 2
digital signal 3
digital signal 4
multiplexed telephone signal (1.544 Mb/s)
multiplexed telephone signal (44.736 Mb/s)
differential trellis coded modulation
data terminal equipment
data terminal equipment (CCITT)
date-time group
Department of Trade and Industry (U.K.)
dual-tone multifrequency
dual-tone multifrequency (signaling)
data transfer network
data transmission network
1147
Appendix A
DTP
DTR
DTRS
DTU
DU
DVD
DVM
DX
D3
D4
DO .. ) 6.
E
EA EAN EAR
EARN EAS
EBCDIC
EBE
EBO
EBS
EBX
EC
ECC
ECCM
data transfer process
data terminal ready
data transfer rate
data transfer request signal
data tape unit
data transfer unit
digital transmission unit
direct to user
data unit
dispersion-unshifted (optical fiber)
digital video disk
data/voice multiplexed
data/voice multiplexer
data/voice multiplexing
direct current signaling
duplex
Type 3 fiber optic connector
Type 4 fiber optic connector
chromatic dispersion coefficient
delta modulation
refractive index contrast
exa (1018)
extinction ratio
effective availability
electronic article numbering
echo attenuation ratio
European academic and research network
extended area service
extended binary-coded decimal interchange code (IBM)
embedded base equipment
embedded base organization
Emergency Broadcast System
electronic branch exchange
Earth coverage
Earth curvature
echo canceling
electrooptic coefficient
electronically controlled coupling
error-correcting code
electronic countercountermeasure
1148
Appendix A
ECM
ECMA
ECPE
ECSA
ECU
EDACSTM
EDC
EDFA
EDI
EDP
EDTR
EDTV
EEC
EEP
EER
EESS
EFIS
EFL
EGC
EGP
EHF
EHz
EIA
EIN
eirp
EKMS
el
electronic countermeasure
European Computer Manufacturing Association
embedded customer-premises equipment
Exchange Carriers Standards Association
European currency unit
Enhanced Digital Access Communications System
error detection and correction
error-detecting code
erbium-doped fiber amplifier
electronic data interchange
electronic data processing
effective data transfer rate
extended-definition television
electromagnetic emission control
European Economic Community (Common Market)
electromagnetic emission policy
effective Earth radius
Earth exploration-satellite service
electronic flight information system
equivalent focal length
equal gain combiner
exterior gateway protocol
Exterior Gateway Protocol (DARPA)
extremely high frequency
exahertz (1018 Hz)
Electronic Industries Association
European Information Network
effective isotropically radiated power
equivalent isotropically radiated power
electronic key management system
elevation
ELECTRO-OPTINT electro-optical intelligence
ELED edge-emitting light-emitting diode
ELF extremely low frequency
ELINT
ELSEC
ELT
EM
E&M
electromagnetics intelligence
electronics intelligence
electronics security
emergency locator transmitter
electromagnetic
end-of-medium (control character)
ear and mouth (receiver/transmitter leads)
1149
Appendix A
EMC
EMCON
EMD
EME
emf
EMI
EMP
EMPD
EMR
e.m.r.p.
EMS
EMSEC
emu
EMUG
EMUT
EMV
emw
EMW
E/N
EJNo ENA
ENQ
ENT
ENVOY 100
EO
E.O.
EOC
EOD
EOF
EOL
ear and mouth (signaling)
Ear and Mouth (receive and transmit leads)
electronic mail
electronic mail
electronic mail
electronic mail
electromagnetic compatibility
emission control
equilibrium mode distribution
electromagnetic environment
electromotive force (voltage)
electromagnetic interference (energy)
electromagnetic interference (control)
electromagnetic pulse
equilibrium modal-power distribution
electromagnetic radiation
electromagnetic radiation (hazard)
equivalent monopole radiated power
electromagnetic surveillance
electronic message system
emanations security
electromagnetic unit
European MAP Users Group
enhanced manpack ultrahigh frequency terminal
electromagnetic vulnerability
electromagnetic wave
electromagnetic warfare
electromagnetic wave
energy-to-noise ratio
signal-energy-per-bit per hertz of thermal noise
extended network addressing
enquiry
enquiry character (control character)
equivalent noise temperature
Telecom Canada electronic mail system
end office (network)
end office (network)
electrooptic coefficient
end of data (signal)
end of file
end of line
1150
Appendix A
EOM
EOP
EOS
EOT
EOW
EP
EPRM
EPROM
EPSCS
EQ
EQTV
ER
ERC
ERL
e.r.p.
ERP
ES
ESA
ESC
ESD
ESF
ESI
ESM
ESP
ESPRIT
ESS
end of message
end of message (control character)
end of output
end of program
end of selection character
end of tape
end of text
end of text (control character)
end of transmission
end of transmission (control character)
engineering orderwire
Emergency Preparedness
emulator package
erasable programmable read-only memory
electrically programmable read-only memory
erasable programmable read-only memory
enhanced private switched communications system
equalizer
extended quality television
error ratio
electromagnetic radiation control
echo return loss
effective radiated power
effective radiated power
Earth station
electronic switch
end system (network)
enhanced service
expert system
electrical spectrum analyzer
electronic spectrum analyzer
escape (control character)
escape character (control)
electrostatic discharge
extended superframe
equivalent step index (profile)
electronic warfare support measure
enhanced service provider
1151
European Strategic Precompetitive Research Programme for Information Technology
electronic switching system
Appendix A
ESTELLE
esu
ET
ETA
ETB
ETC
ETD
ETR
ETS
ETSI
ETX
eV
EW
EWSM
EXCSA
f
F
FAA
FAADC2
facs
FADU
FAI
FAL FAQ
facs
FAS
FASSET
FATAM
fax
FAX
FBBC
FC
Electronic Switching System (AT&T)
electronic format for protocol description (ISO)
formal format for protocol description (ISO)
electrostatic unit
Earth terminal
exchange transmission
estimated time of arrival
end of transmission-block
end of transmission-block (control character)
Earth terminal complex
estimated time of depaiture
effective transmission rate
external timing reference
effective transmission speed (Deprecated, use ETR)
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
end of text
end of text (control character)
electron • volt
early warning
electronic warfare
electronic warfare support measure
Exchange Carriers Standards Association
femto (10-15)
frequency
Federal Aviation Agency
frequency assignment authority
forward area air defense command and control
facsimile
file accessible data unit (ISO)
functional address indicator
file access list
frequently asked question (file)
facsimile
frarne alignment signal
Functional Advanced Satellite System for Evaluation and Test
file application, transfer, access, and management
facsimile
facsimile
full baud bipolar coding
fiber optic connector
1152
Appendix A
FCC
FCCRP
FCS
FCW
FD
FDDI
FDDI-2
FDHM
FDM
FDMA
FDX
FE
FEC
FECC
FED-STD
FEMA
FEN
FEP
FES
FET
FEXT
FFL
FGS
FHSS
FIFO
FIP
FIPS
FIPS-Pub
FIR
functional component
Federal Communications Commission (U.S.)
Federal Communications Commission Registration Program
frame check sequence
Frame Check Sequence (CRC)
frequency change signaling
fiber cutoff wavelength
frequency division
fiber distributed data interface
Fiber Distributed Data Interface 2
full-duration at half-maximum (pulse)
full-duration half-maximum (pulse)
frequency-division multiplex
frequency-division multiplexed
frequency-division multiplexer
frequency-division multiplexing
frequency-division multiple access
frequency-division mUltiplexed access
full duplex
format effector
far end crosstalk
forward error correction
front end computer
Federal Emergency Communications Coordinators
Federal standard
Federal Emergency Management Agency
feeder echo noise
fluorinated ethylene propylene
front end processor
perfluorinated ethylene propylene
frequency exchange signaling
field effect transistor (photodetector)
far-end crosstalk
front focal length
facility grounding system
frequency-hopping spread spectrum
first in-first out
Federal Information Processing
Federal Information Processing Standard
Federal Information Processing Standard (Publication)
finite impulse response
1153
Appendix A
FIRM
FIRMR
FISINT
FLETC
flop
flops
FLTSATCOM
FM
FMIF
FMS
FO
FOC
FOCC
FOG
FOL
FOM
FOMS
FOT
FOTM
FOTP
FOTS
FPD
FPGA
FPI
FPIS
fpm
functionally integrated resource manager
Federal Information Resources Management Regulation
foreign instrumentation signal intelligence
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center
floating point operation
floating point operations
floating point operations per second
Fleet Satellite Communications
frequency modulated
frequency modulating
frequency modulation
frequency modulator
full modulation
fundamental mode
frequency modulation improvement factor
flight management system
fiber optic
fiber optics
fiber optic combiner
fiber optic connector
final operational capability
full operational capability
fiber optic cable component
fiber optic gyroscope
fiber optic link
fiber optic modem
fiber optic myocardium stimulator
fiber optic transmitter
frequency of optimum traffic
frequency of optimum transmission
optimum traffic frequency
optimum transmission frequency
fiber optic test method
fiber optic test procedure
fiber optic telemedicine system
fiber optic transmission system
flat panel display
field programmable gate arrays
functional process improvement
forward propagation ionospheric scatter
feet per minute
1154
Appendix A
fps
fp/s
FPS
FRENA
FRM
FRMR
fs
FSC
FSD
FSDPSK
FSF
FSK
FSL
FSS
FST
FSTS
FT
FTAM
FTC
FTP
FTS
FTS2000
FTSC
FTT
FU
FWHM
FWM
FX
FYDP
feet per second
frames per second
foot • pounds per second
fast packet switching
fault protection subsystem
focus projection and scanning
frequency and amplitude (system)
fixed-reference modulation
frame reject
femtosecond (10-15 seconds)
frequency spectrum congestion
frequency spectrum designation
filtered symmetric differential phase shift keying
fully separate facility
frequency shift keying
facsimile signal level
fixed-satellite service
fully separate subsidiary
frequency shift telegraphy
Federal Secure Telephone System
fiber optic T -carrier
file transfer, access, and management
File Transfer, Access, and Management (ISO standard)
fast time constant
fast time constant (logarithmic)
Federal Telecommunications Fund
file transfer protocol
File Transfer Protocol (DARPA)
Federal Telecommunications System
Federal Telecommunications System 2000
Federal Telecommunications Standards Committee
fault-tracing time
functional unit
full width at half maximum (pulse)
full-width half-maximum (pulse)
full-width half-maximum (spectral power)
four-wave mixing
fixed service
foreign exchange (telephone connection)
foreign exchange (service)
Five Year Defense Plan
1155
Appendix A
g
G
GAT
GBH
Gbps
GCA
GCT
GDDS
GDF
GFC
GFE
GFI
GGP
GHz
GI
GIP
GKS
GMSK
GMT
GOS
GOSIP
GPI
GPIRS
GPS
GRC
GRIN
GRWSIM
GS
GSA
GSI
GSTN
Gff
GTMOSI
GTP
GTS
acceleration of gravity
profile parameter
giga (109)
Goubau (line)
go-ahead tone
group busy hour
gigabits per second (109 bps)
ground controlled approach (landing)
ground controlled approach (system)
Greenwich Civil Time (UTC)
global decision support system
group distribution frame
general flow control
Government-furnished equipment
general format identifier
gateway-to-gateway protocol
Gateway-to-Gateway Protocol (DARPA)
gigahertz
graded-index (refractive index)
graded-index profile
Graphical Kernel System
Gaussian minimum shift keying
Greenwich Mean Time (UTC)
grade of service
Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile
Government OSI Profile
glide-path indicator
global positioning inertial reference system
global positioning system
Global Positioning System
ground return circuit
graded index (refractive index)
ground warfare simulation
group switch (Ericson)
General Services Administration
glide slope indicator
general switched telephone network
gain to noise-temperature ratio (antenna)
general teleprocessing monitor for OSI
Government Telecommunications Program
Government Telecommunications System
1156
Appendix A
GUI
GUS
h
HBB
HBC
HCN
HCS
HD
HDLC
HDSL
HDTV
HDX
HEll
HEC
HEMP
HERF
HERO
HERP
hf
HF
HFAARS
HFDF
HIPERLAN
HLL
HLP
HM
HMS
HOC
HRC
HSN
HTML
graphical user interface
Guide to the Use of Standards
hecto (102)
hour
Planck's constant
half-baud bipolar (coding)
half-baud coding
hierarchical computer network
hybrid communications network
hard clad silica (Spectran optical fiber)
half-duplex (circuit or operation)
high-level data link control
High-Level Data Link Control (ISO)
high bit-rate digital subscriber line
high-definition television
high-definition TV
half-duplex (circuit or operation)
fundamental hybrid (mode, optical)
header error check
heading error check
high-altitude electromagnetic pulse
hazards of electromagnetic radiation to fuel
hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance
hazards of electromagnetic radiation to personnel
photon energy (Planck's constant x photon frequency)
high frequency
High-Frequency Adaptive Antenna Receiving System
high-frequency distribution frame
high-performance local area network
high-performance radio local area network
high-level language
high-level protocol
Her Majesty's (UK)
His Majesty's (U.K.)
heterogeneous multiplexing
hydrological and meteorological station
highest outgoing channel
hybrid ring control
hierarchically synchronized network
HyperText Markup Language
1157
Appendix A
HTTP
HV
h
Hz
IA
IAGC
lAS A
IATV
IAI
IA2
IA3
IA4
IA5
IB
IBC
IBCN
IBDN
IBM
IBNPR
IBS
IBT
I&C
IC
ICA
icand
ICI
ICL
ICMP
ICN!
ICS
ICW
ID
hypertext metalanguage
hypertext transfer protocol
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (standard)
high voltage
polarization-holding parameter (value)
hertz (frequency unit)
information
International Alphabet (CCrn)
instantaneous automatic gain control
integrated AUTODIN system architecture
interactive television
International Alphabet No. 1 (CCITT)
International Alphabet No. 2 (CCITT)
International Alphabet No. 3 (CCITT)
International Alphabet No.4 (CCrn)
International Alphabet No. 5 (CCITT)
interface bus
information bearer channel
integrated broadband communications
integrated broadband communications network
Integrated Building Distribution Network (Northern Telecom)
International Business Machines (Corporation)
in-band noise power ratio
international broadcasting station
international broadcasting system
isochronous burst transmission
installation and checkout
integrated circuit
integrated communications adapter
International Communications Association
multiplicand
incoming call identification
interface control information (ISO)
International Computers, Ltd.
Internet Control Message Protocol
Integrated Communications, Navigation, and Identification
integrated communications system
interrupted continuous wave
identification
identifier
1158
Appendix A
IDDD
IDF
IDM
IDN
IDP
IDR
IDT
IDTV
IDU
IEC
lEE
IEEE
ier
IF
I-F
I/F IFF
IFIP
IFL
IFOC
IFR
IFRB
IFS
IFSK
IG
IHL
IlL
IlLS
I1R
IKBS
IL
12L
ILD
ILF
ILLED
ILS
I&M
International Direct Distance Dialing
intermediate distribution frame
isochronous demodulation
integrated digital network
internetwork datagram protocol
Internetwork Datagram Protocol (Internet)
isochronous distortion ratio
interactive data transaction
improved definition television
interface data unit (ISO)
International Electrotechnical Commission
Institution of Electrical Engineers (U.K.)
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (U.S.)
multiplier
intermediate frequency
interface
interface
interface
identification friend or foe
International Federation for Information Processing
interfacility link (fiber optic)
integrated fiber optic circuit
instrument flight rule
International Frequency Registration Board
ionospheric forward scatter
incoherent frequency shift keying
insertion gain
Internet header link
integrated injection logic
Information Industry Liaison Committee
infinite impulse response
infinite impulse response (filter)
intelligent knowledge-based system
insertion loss
intermediate language
integrated injection logic
injection laser diode
infralow frequency
integral lens light -emitting diode
instrument landing system
installation and maintenance
1159
Appendix A
1M
IMA
Inmarsat
IMD
IMP
IMS
IN
INFOSEC
INS
INSP
INT
INTAP
INTELSAT
INWATS
IN/I
IN/l+
IN/2
I/O
10C
lOS
IP
IPA
IPC
intensity modulation
intermodulation
intramodulation
isochronous modulation
integrated modular avionics
International Maritime Satellite (System)
intermodulation distortion
interface message processor
Interface Message Processor (DARPA)
information management system
intelligence network
intelligent network
information systems security
inertial navigation system
Inertial Navigation System
integrated network system
Integrated Network System (NTT)
Internet Name Server Protocol
interchange
internal
international
1160
Interoperability Technology Association for Information Processing (Japan)
International Telecommunications Satellite Consortium
incoming wide area telephone service
inward wide area telephone service
intelligent network concept I
intelligent network concept I plus
intelligent network concept 2
input/output (data, device, channel)
input/output (devices, data, terminals, channels)
initial operational capability
input-output controller
integrated optical circuit
improper abbreviation for ISO
intelligent peripheral (device)
Internet Protocol (ISO and U.S. DoD)
internetwork protocol
intermediate power amplifier
information processing center
interpersonal communication
interpersonal communications
Appendix A
IPDS
IPDU
ipm
IPM
ips
IPSS
IPX
IQF
IR
IRAC
IRAMS
IRC
IRF
IRQ
IRR
IS
ISA
ISB
ISDN
lSI
ISLU
ISM
ISN
ISO
ISPBX
ISUP
ITA
intelligent printer data stream (IBM)
internet protocol data unit
impulses per minute
interference prediction model
internal polarization modulation
interruptions per minute
incremental phase modulation
Institute of Practical Mathematics (Germany)
interference prediction model
internal polarization modulation
interpersonal messaging (X.400)
inches per second
interruptions per second
international packet-switched network (U.K.)
Internet Packet Exchange
internetwork packet exchange
intrinsic quality factor
information retrieval
infrared
Interdepartment Radio Advisory Committee (U.S.)
innovative real time antenna modeling system
Interagency Radio Committee
international record carrier
industrial radio frequency
interrupt request
image rejection ratio
information superhighway
interactive service
international Standard (ISO)
industry standard architecture
independent sideband (transmission)
integrated services digital network
Integrated Services Digital Network (Standard)
intersymbol interference
integrated services line unit (AT&T)
industrial, scientific, and medical (applications)
information systems network (AT&T)
International Organization for Standardization
integrated services PBX (British Telecom)
ISDN user part
International Telegraph Alphabet
1161
Appendix A
ITA-l
ITA-2
ITA-3
ITA-4
ITA-5
ITAB
ITC
ITF
ITI ITS
ITS
ITSO
IT&T
ITT
lTU
ITU-R
ITU-T
lTV
IVD
IV/DT
IVHS
IVPO
IXC
JANAP
JANET
JCL
JCLAS
JCS
JCSI
JEDI
JES
JMTS
JMTSS
JPL
International Telegraph Alphabet Number 1
International Telegraph Alphabet Number 2
International Telegraph Alphabet Number 3
International Telegraph Alphabet Number 4
International Telegraph Alphabet Number 5
Information Technical Advisory Board
International Teletraffic Congress
interframe time fill
Industrial Technology Institute (MAP)
Institute for Telecommunications Sciences
international temperature scale
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
International Telephone and Telegraph (Company)
International Telephone and Telegraph (Company)
information transfer transaction
invitation to tender
International Telecommunication Union
International Telecommunication Union-Radio
International Telecommunication Union-Telegraph and Telephone
interactive television
inside vapor deposition
integrated voice/data
integrated voice/data terminal
integrated voice-data terminal
intelligent vehicle highway system
Intelligent Vehicle Highway Society
inside vapor phase oxidation (process)
interexchange carrier
interexchange character
Joint Army-Navy-Air Force Publication
Joint Academic Network (U.K.)
job control language
joint computer-aided acquisition and logistics support (system)
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Joint Chiefs of Staff Publication No. 1 (Glossary)
joint electronic data interchange
job entry subsystem
Joint Multichannel Trunking and Switching
Joint Multichannel Trunking and Switching System
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
1162
Appendix A
JSC
JTC3A
JTIDS
JTM
JTRB
JTSSG
JUTCPS
k
K
kbps
KDC
KDD
KDR
KDT
kg
kgms
kHz
km
kpps
KSR
kT
KTS
KTU
KWIC
KWOC
L
LAA
LAN
LANFLT
LAP
LAP-B
LAP-D
LAPB
Joint Steering Committee (now JTSSG)
Joint Tactical Command, Control, and Communications Agency
Joint Tactical Information Distribution System
job transfer and manipulation
Joint Telecommunications Resources Board
Joint Telecommunications Standards Steering Group
Joint Uniform Telephone Communications Precedence System
Boltzmann's constant
kilo (1Q3) (prefix)
coefficient of absorption
kelvin
kilo-ohm (103 ohms, 1,000 ohms)
1000 (suffix)
1024 (storage)
kilo bits per second (data signaling rate unit)
key distribution center
1163
Kokusai Denshin Denwa Company, Ltd. (Japanese international carrier)
keyboard data recorder
keyboard display terminal
kilogram (unit of mass)
kilogram-meter-second (deprecated) (use MKS)
kilohertz (1000 Hz, unit of frequency)
kilometer (unit of distance)
kilopulses per second
keyboard send/receive device
Boltzmann's constant times temperature
noise power density
key telephone system
key telephone unit
keyword in context (index)
keyword out of context (index)
inductance (electric circuit)
locally administered address
local area network
Atlantic Fleet (U.S.)
link-access procedure
Data Link Layer protocol (CCITT X.25 (1989))
link access procedure for D channel (ISDN)
link-access procedure, balanced (X.25)
Appendix A
LAPD
LAPM
laser
LASINT
LAT
LATA
LBO
LC
LCD
LCN
LCR
LD
LDD
LDDC
LDL
LDM
LEA
LEC
LED
LEN
LEOW
LF
LFB
LGN
LHC
LHCN
LHOTS
LI
LIC
LIDAR
LIF
LIFO
LIM
LINCS
link-access procedure for D channel (ISDN)
link-access procedure-D
link-access procedure, modem
light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
laser intelligence
local area tenninal
Local Area Transit (DEC protocol)
local access and transport area
local access and transport area (U.S. telephone)
line buildout
leased circuit
liquid crystal display
logical channel number
inductance-capacitance-resistance (meter)
laser diode
long distance
limited distance dialing
long-distance direct current (dialing)
long-distance line
limited distance modem
longitudinally excited atmosphere (laser)
local engineering circuit
local exchange carrier
light -emitting diode
low-entry networking
low-cost exploitation operator workstation
line feed
line feed (character)
low frequency
look-ahead-for-busy (infonnation)
logical group number
long-haul communications
long-haul communications network
long-haul optical transmission set
length indicator (OS I)
lowest incoming channel
light detection and ranging
logarithmic intennediate frequency (amplifier)
last in, first out
line-access module (Ericson)
Leased Interfacility National-airspace Communications System
1164
Appendix A
LIS
LISP
LL
LLC
LLIF
LLP
1m
11m LME
LMF
1m· hr
1m· s
LMS
LMSS
LNA
In
LNMF
LOC
LOF
log FfC
loran
LORAN
LORO
LOS
LOTOS
LOW
LP
LPo!
LPA
LPC
LPD
labeled interface structure
list processing (programming language)
link level
logical link control
logical link control (sublayer)
linear LIF (amplifier)
low-level protocol
lumen
lines per minute
layer management entity
language media format
lumen· hour
lumen • second
land mobile service
land mobile station
land mobile-satellite service
launch numerical aperture (optical)
natural logarithm
local network management function
large optical cavity (diode)
lowest operating frequency
lowest operational frequency
logarithmic fast time constant
long-range aid to navigation
long-range electronic navigation
long-range aid to navigation
long-range electronic navigation
lobe on receive only (radar)
line of sight
formal format for protocol description (ISO)
link orderwire
linear programming
linearly polarized (wave)
linking protection
log periodic
log periodic (antenna)
log periodic (array)
fundamental mode (optical)
linear power amplifier
linear predictive coding
low probability of detection
1165
Appendix A 1166
lpi lines per inch
LPI low probability of interception
lpm lines per minute
LPP Light-weight Presentation Protocol
Ips lines per second
LPS lightning protection subsystem
LQA link quality analysis
L-R left-to-right
long route
LRC longitudinal redundancy check
LRM line route map
Us lines per second
LS land station
logical station
logical storage
LSAP link service access point (OSI)
LSB least significant bit
lower sideband
LSC local switching center
LSE local system environment
Local System Environment (OSI)
LSI large scale integrated (chip)
line status identification
LSIC large scale integrated circuit
LTC line traffic coordinator
LU logical unit (IBM/SNA)
LU 6.2 logical unit (program-to-program) (SNA)
LUF lowest usable frequency
lowest useful frequency
LUHF lowest usable high frequency
lowest useful high frequency
LULT line-unit-line termination
LUNT line-unit -network termination
LV low voltage
LW long-wave
LX local exchange
LZW Lempel-Ziv-Welsh (algorithm)
m meter
milli (l0-3)
minute
Appendix A
M
MAA
MAC
MACOM
MAGIC
MAl
MAMI
MAN
MAP
maser
MAU
Mb
Mbps
MBR
MBS
Mbyte
MCA
MCC
MCD
MCEB
MCEF
MCM
MCS
MCVD
MCVFf
MCW
MCXO
MD
MDAS
MDC
MDF
MDIS
MDM
MDN
mutual inductance (electric circuit)
mega (abbreviation, as in MHz and Mbps)
thousand (suffix, as in 100M)
maximum acceptance angle
maritime air communications
medium access control (LAN)
medium access control (sublayer)
major command
Multidimensional Application and Gigabit Internetwork Consortium
message alignment indicator
modified alternate mark inversion (code or signal)
metropolitan area network
manufacturer automation protocol
Manufacturing Automation Protocol (General Motors)
microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
medium access unit
medium attachment unit (802.3)
multistation access unit (802.5)
megabyte
megabits per second (data signaling rate)
minimum bend radius
marine broadcast station
megabyte
maximum calling area
maintenance control circuit
manipulative communications deception
Military Communications-Electronics Board (U.S.)
military common emergency frequency
multicarrier modulation
Master Control System
modified chemical vapor deposition (process)
multichannel voice frequency telegraph
modulated continuous wave
microcomputer-compensated crystal oscillator
modulation division
multiple database access system
material dispersion coefficient
main distribution frame
medical diagnostic imagery system
modulation division multiplexing
managed data network
1167
Appendix A
MDS
MDT
MED
MEECN
Megastream
MERCAST
Mercury
MES
MF
MFD
MFJ
MFS
MFSK
MHD
MHF
MHS
MHW
MHz
mi
MIB
MIC
MICR
MIDS
MIFR
MIL-NET
MIL-SID
MIL-STD-XXX
Milnet
MIM
Minitel
multipoint distribution service
mean downtime
manipulative electronic deception
Minimum Essential Emergency Communications Network
2.048 Mbps British Telecom system
merchant ship broadcast system
Mercury Communications Ltd. (Cable & Wireless subs.)
mobile Earth station
medium frequency
multifrequency
multifrequency (signaling)
mode field diameter
Modification of Final Judgement
modem fault simulator
multiple frequency shift keying
magnetohydrodynamics
medium high frequency
message handling service
message handling system
magnetohydrodynamic wave
megahertz (unit of frequency)
mile (statute)
management information base
medium interface connector
microphone
microwave integrated system
minimum ignition current
monolithic integrated circuit
mutual interface chart
magnetic ink character reader
magnetic ink character reading
magnetic ink character recognition
multifunction information distribution system
Master International Frequency Register
military network
military standard
Military Standard (Number)
military network
mechanically induced modulation
videotex-based service (France)
videotex-based terminal (France)
1168
Appendix A
MIP
mips
MIS
MISFET
MISSI
MIVPO
MKS
ml
ML
MLP
MLPP
MLS
mm
MM
mmf
MMF
MMFS
MMI
MMS
MMSE
MMSER
MMSS
MMW
MNCS
MNP
MNRZ
mo
MOD
modem
modified AMI
mol
MOP
morph
MORPH
MOS
MOSFET
MOTIS
MPDS
medium interface point
million instructions per second
management information system
metal insulator semiconductor field effect transistor
multilevel information systems security initiative
modified inside vapor phase oxidation (process)
meter-kilogram-second (system of units)
milliliter (cubic centimeter)
multilevel
multilevel precedence
multilevel precedence and preemption
microwave landing system
millimeter
multimode optical fiber
magnetomotive force (voltage)
maximum modulating frequency
Manufacturing Message Format Standard (MAP)
man-machine interface
multimedia interface
manufacturing message service
maritime mobile service
minimum mean square error
minimum mean square error restoration
maritime mobile satellite service
millimeter wave
master net control station
Microcom Networking Protocol
modified nonreturn to zero (level code)
magnetooptic
magneto-optic
modulator
modulator-demodulator
modified alternate mark inversion (code)
mole (molecular weight in grams)
Maintenance Operation Protocol
mathematical morphology
mathematical morphology
metal oxide semiconductor
metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor
message-oriented text interchange system (ISO)
multipoint distribution service
1169
Appendix A
MPEG
MPR
MPSK
MRNS
MRNSS
MRS
ms
MS
MSATCOM
MSAU
MSB
MSE
msec
MSK
MSL
MSN
MSR
MSS
MT
MTA
MTBF
MTBM
MTBO
MTBPM
MTF
MTI
MTL
MTM
MTP
MTS
MTSR
MTIF
MTTR
MTTSR
MUF
muldem
Motion Picture Experts Group
maximum pulse rate
multiple phase shift keying
maritime radionavigation service
maritime radionavigation satellite service
multirole system
millisecond (10-3 seconds)
message store (U.K.)
mobile service
mobile station
molecular stuffing (process)
mobile satellite communications
multi station access unit
most significant bit
Mobile Subscriber Equipment (System)
millisecond (10-3 seconds)
minimum-shift keying
multisatellite link
multiple subscriber number
maximum stuffing rate
mobile satellite service
machine translation
message transfer agent
mean time between failures
mean time between maintenance
mean time between outages
mean time between preventive maintenance
modulation transfer function (optical fiber)
moving target indicator
message transfer layer
McLintock theater model
message transfer part
message transfer service
mean time to service restoral
mean time to failure
mean time to repair
mean time to service restoral
maximum usable frequency
maximum useful frequency
multiplexed/demultiplexed
multiplexer/demultiplexer
1170
Appendix A
MUS
MUSR
MUX
muxer
MUXing
MVS
mw
MW
MWI
MWV
M(A.)
n
N
No
NA
NACISO
NACK
NACSEM
NACSIM
NAK
NAND
NAPLPS
NARSAP
NASA
nat
NATA
NATO
NAU
NAVSTAR
NAVSTAR-GPS
NBFM
NBH
multiplexing/demultiplexing
marine utility station
maximum user signaling rate
multiplex
multiplexed
multiplexer
multiplexing
multiplexer
multiplexing
multiple virtual storage (an operating system)
microwave
medium wave
microwave
message waiting indicator
maximum working voltage
material dispersion coefficient
nano (10-9)
refractive index
newton (force)
sea level refractivity (refractive index)
spectral noise density
numerical aperture (waveguides, antennas)
NATO Communications and Information Systems Agency
negative acknowledge
National Communications Security Emanation Memorandum
National Communications Security Information Memorandum
negative acknowledge character (control)
negative acknowledgement (transmission control)
negative AND (gate)
North American presentation-layer protocol syntax
National Advanced Remote Sensing Application Program
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
natural unit of information content
North American Telecommunications Association
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
network addressable unit (IBM/SNA)
Navigational Satellite Timing and Ranging
NA VST AR Global Positioning System
narrowband frequency modulation
network busy hour
1171
Appendix A
NBP NBRVB
NBRVF
NBS
NBSV NC
NCA
NCC
NCCF
NCP
NCS
NCSC
NCTE
N+D
NDC
NDCS
NDRENET
NE
NEACP
NEC
NEP
NES
NET
NetBIOS
NETCONSTA
NEXT
NF
NFAR
NFS
NFSP
NlC
netBIOS Protocol
narrowband radio voice bandwidth
narrowband radio voice frequency
National Bureau of Standards (U.S.) (now NlST)
narrowband secure voice (system)
network connection
network control
National Command Authorities
National Command Authority
network control center
National Coordinating Center
network communications control facility
NetWare Core Protocol
network control program
National Communications System
net control station
National Communications Security Committee
network data control station
network data control system
network channel-terminating equipment
noise plus distortion
National Destination Code
network data control station
network data control system
Norwegian Defence Research Establishment network
network element
National Emergency Airborne Command Post
National Electric Code®
noise equivalent power
noise equivalent signal
Normes Europeennes de Telecommunications
network basic I/O system
net control station
near-end crosstalk
noise figure
normalized frequency
network file access routine
network file system
Network File System (Standard)
NetWare File Service Protocol
network interface card
1172
Appendix A
NICE
NICS
NID
NIl
NIOD
NIST
NIU
NL
NLDC
NLDM
NLO
run
NMA
NMAR
NMC
NMCS
runi
NMI
NMM
NMU
NNBS
NNI
NOD
NOR
Nordforsk
NORDUNET
NOS
NOTAL
NOTAM
Np
NPA
NPD
NPDA
NPDN
network information and control exchange
NATO Integrated Communications System
network information database
network indialing
network interface device
network inward dialing
national information infrastructure
network inward/outward dialing
National Institute of Standards and Technology (formerly NBS)
network interface unit
Network Layer
new-line
new-line (control character)
(pumped) nonlinear directional coupler
network logical data manager
nonlinear optical (material)
nanometer (10-9 meters)
network management architecture
network management and access routine
network monitoring and control
National Military Command System
nautical mile
nonmaskable interrupt
network management module
noise measurement unit
NetView Network Billing System
network-network interface
network to network interface
network outdialing
network outward dialing
negative OR (gate)
Nordic Cooperative Organization for Applied Research
Nordic University Network
network operating system
not all (message indicator)
Notice to Airmen
neper
numbering plan area
noise power density
network problem determination application
Nordic Public Data Network
1173
Appendix A
NPDU
NPR
NPSI
NR
N(R)
NRI
NRM
NRZ
NRZ-B
NRZ-C
NRZ-L
NRZ-M
NRZ-S
NRZI
NRZM
NRZS
NRZl
NRZ-l
ns
N(S)
NSA
NSAP
NSC
NSDU
nsec
NSIEP
NSFnet
NSP
NSR
NSTAC
NT
NTDS
NTE
NTELOS
NTI
NTIA
NTN
NTO
network protocol data unit (ISO)
noise power ratio
NCP packet-switching interface
Nyquist rate
receive sequence (ACK) number
net radio interface
network resource manager
normal response mode
nonreturn to zero
nonreturn to zero, mark
nonreturn to zero change
nonreturn to zero level
nonreturn to zero, mark
nonreturn to zero, space
nonreturn to zero, inverted
nonreturn to zero, mark
nonreturn to zero, space
nonreturn to zero, change on l's
nonreturn to zero, one
nanosecond (10-9 seconds)
send sequence number
National Security Agency
network service access point (OSI)
National Security Council
network service data unit (OS I)
nanosecond (10-9 seconds)
National Security or Emergency Preparedness
National Science Foundation Network
Network Services Protocol
Nyquist sampling rate
National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee
network termination
Naval Tactical Data System
network termination equipment (British Telecom)
NetView Traffic Engineering Line Optimization System
network terminating interface
National Telecommunications and Information Administration
network terminal number
network terminal operation
network terminal operator
network terminal option
1174
Appendix A
NTSC
NTSC STD
NTT
NT!
NT2
NUL
NVIS
NXX
OA
OAA
OBCS
OBE
OBS
OC
OCC
OCR
OCS
OCU
OCVCXO
OCXO
OD
ODA
ODAPS
ODB
ODETTE
ODIF
ODIS
ODS
ODTR
OECD
OFBG
OFC
OFCP
OFCR
OFN
OFNP
National Television Standards Committee
NTSC standard
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone
network tenninator, Type 1 (ISDN)
network tenninator, Type 2 (ISDN)
null character
near vertical incidence skywave
near vertical incident skywave
North American direct distance dialing numbering system (code)
office automation
open avionics architecture
on-board communications station
out-of-band emission
out-of-band signaling
open circuit
other common carrier
optical character reader
optical character reading
optical character recognition
on-board communications station
orderwire control unit
oven-controlled/voltage-controlled crystal oscillator
oven-controlled crystal oscillator
optical density
outside diameter
office document architecture
oceanic display and planning system
open dual bus
European motor industry EDI project
office document interchange fonnat
oceanographic data interrogating station
oceanographic data station
optical time domain reflectometry
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
optical fiber Bragg grating
optical fiber, conductive
optical fiber, conductive, plenum
optical fiber, conductive, riser
optical fiber, nonconductive
optical fiber, nonconductive, plenum
1175
Appendix A
OFNR
OFfEL
OFTF
OIC
OLTS
O&M
OMAP
OMB
ONA
OPB
OPC
opcode
OPEVAL
OPL
opm
OPMODEL
OPSEC
OPSEC-A
OPSEC-S
OPW
OPX
OR
OIR ORS
ORSA
OS
OSA
OSCINT
OSD
OSDM
OSHA
OS!
optical fiber, nonconductive, riser
Office of Telecommunications
optical fiber transfer function
optical integrated circuit
optical loss test set
operations and maintenance
organization and methods
operations and maintenance applications part
Office of Management and Budget (U.S.)
open network architecture
Open Network Architecture (Bell)
optical power budget
on-premises cabling
optical phase conjugator
operation code
operational evaluation
optical path length
operations per minute
operations model
operations security
operations security (OPSEC) assessment
operations security (OPSEC) survey
on-premises wiring
off-premises extension
on-premises extension
off-route (aeronautical mobile service)
operations research
optical range
outage ratio
originator/recipient (X.400)
omnidirectional range station
operations research/systems analysis
operating system
operations system
open systems architecture
optical spectrum analyzer
open source intelligence
optical space division multiplexing
optical space division multiplexing
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
open switching interval
1176
Appendix A
OSIA
OSIE
OSINet
OSI-RM
OSI-SD
OSI-SM
OSI-TP
OSNS
OSRI
OSS
OSSN
OTAM
OTAR
OTDR
OTDR
OTF
OUTWATS
OVD
OVPO
OW
OWM
p
P
Pa
PA
PABX
PACVD
PACX
PAD
PAL
PAL-M
open systems interconnection
Open Systems Interconnection (ISO)
Open Systems Interconnection architecture
Open Systems Interconnection-Environment (ISO)
Open Systems Interconnection Network (U.S. NIST)
Open Systems Interconnection-Reference Model (ISO)
Open Systems Interconnection-Service Definition
Open Systems Interconnection-Systems Management
Open Systems Interconnection-Transaction Processing
open systems network support
originating station routing indicator
operational service state
Operations Support System
originating station serial number
over-the-air management (automated HF network nodes)
over-the-air rekey
over-the-air rekeying
over-the-air rekeying (of cryptographic equipment)
optical time domain reflectometer
optical time domain reflectometry
optimum transmission frequency
outgoing wide-area telephone service
optical video disk
outside vapor deposition
outside vapor phase oxidation (process)
orderwire (signaling circuit)
orderwire message
pico (l 0-12)
peta (1015)
profile dispersion parameter
pascal (l Pa = 1 N • m-2)
personal agent
private automatic branch exchange (Use PBX.)
plasma activated chemical vapor deposition
private automatic computer exchange
packet assembler-disassembler
packet assembler/disassembler
phase alternate line
phase alternation by line
phase alternation by line-modified
1177
Appendix A
PAM
PAMA
PAP
par
p/a-r
plar
P/AR
PAR
paramp
PARAMP
PARC
par
PAS
PASL
PAX PBER
PBX
PC
PCB
PC DOS
PCI
PCM
PCMCIA
PCS
PCSR
pulse amplitude modulation
pulse address mUltiple access
preassignment access plan
Printer Access Protocol
peak-to-average ratio
peak-to-average ratio
peak-to-average ratio
peak-to-average ratio
performance analysis and review
positive acknowledgement plus retransmission
parametric amplifier
parametric amplifier
Palo Alto Research Center (Xerox)
peak-to-average ratio (meter)
private aircraft station
profile alignment system
primary area switch locator
private automatic exchange
pseudo bit error ratio
private branch exchange
carrier power (radio transmitter)
personal communications
personal computer
phantom circuit
primary channel
printed circuit
power circuit breaker
printed circuit board
personal computer disk operating system
protocol control information
Protocol Control Information (ISO)
plug compatible module
process control module
pulse code modulation
pulse code modulator
pulse code mUltiplexing
Personal Computer Memory Card International Association
personal communications service
personal communications system
plastic clad silica (optical fiber)
parallel channels signaling rate
1178
Appendix A 1179
PCSS personal communications system service
PD packing density
photodetector
photodiode
PDF pulse duty factor
PDM plain-dress message
pulse delta modulation
pulse duration modulation
PDN public data network
PDP profile dispersion parameter
PDS power distribution system
Premises Distribution System (AT&T)
primary distribution system
program data source
protected distribution system
PDT programmable data terminal
PDTS public data transmission service
PDU protocol data unit
Protocol Data Unit (ISO standard)
PE phase encoded (recording)
picture element
protocol emulator
pel picture element
PEM peripheral equipment module (Ferranti)
PEP Packet Exchange Protocol
peak envelope power
perfluoronated ethylene propylene
pF picofarad (10-12 farad)
PF packing fraction (fiber optics)
power factor
primary frequency
PIF polVfinal (link protocol)
PFM pulse frequency modulation
POI parameter group identifier (ISO)
PGS primary guard station
PH packet handler
PHOTINT photographic intelligence
PHY Physical Layer Protocol (FDDI)
PHz petahertz
PI parameter identifier (ISO)
protection interval
Appendix A
PIC
PICS
PIDB
PIN
PINFET
PIN-FET
ping
PING
PIRS
PISAB
PIV
PKES
PL
PL/1
PLA
PLL
PLM
PLN
PLR
PLS
pm
PM
PMB
PMD
p-n
POI
POP
POSI
POSIX
POST
pot
POT
plastic insulated cable
protocol implementation conformance statement
peripheral interface data bus (AT&T)
positive-intrinsic-negative (semiconductor junction)
PIN (photodiode) field effect transistor
PIN (photodiode) field effect transistor
packet internet groper
Packet Internet Groper (Internet)
positioning inertial reference system (global)
pulse interference suppression and blanking
peak inverse voltage
public key encryption system
Physical Layer
Presentation Layer
programmable language 1
Programming Language 1
programmable logic array
phase-locked loop
pulse-length modulation (Use PDM)
private line network
pulse link repeater
physical signaling sublayer
phase modulation
mean power
packet mode
phase modulation
polarization-maintaining (optical fiber)
post meridian (time)
preventive maintenance
pulse modulation
pilot make-busy (circuit)
physical medium-dependent specification (FDDI)
positive-negative (semiconductor junction)
point of interface
peak power output
point of presence (networking)
Promoting Conference for OSI (Japan)
portable operating system interface for computer environments
power-on self-test
potentiometer
point of train
1180
Appendix A
POTS
POp
PIP PP
PPI
ppm
PPM
PPO
PPP
pps
PPS
PPSN
PQA
PR
PRA PRBS
PRF
PRI
PRM
PROFS
PROM
PROSIGN
PROWORD
PRR
PRSL
PS
PS/2
ps
PS
PSDN
PSDTS
psec
psi
plain old telephone service
peak-to-peak
point-to-point
polarization-preserving (optical fiber) (Use PM.)
planned position indicator
parts per million
parts per million
pulse position modulation
peak power output
Point to Point Protocol
pulses per second
perimeter protection system
pilot packet-switched network (U.K.)
path quality analysis
pattern recognition
primary radar
pulse rate
primary rate access
pseudorandom binary sequence
pulse repetition frequency (Use PRR.)
primary rate interface
pulse-rate modulation
Professional Office System (IBM)
programmable read-only memory
procedure sign
procedure word
pulse repetition rate
primary area switch locator
packet switch
packet switched
packet switching
permanent signal
Personal System/2
picosecond (10-12 s)
permanent signal
phase shift
portable station
packet-switched data network
packet-switched data transmission service
picosecond (10-12 s)
pounds per square inch (pressure)
1181
Appendix A 1182
PSK phase shift keying
PSN packet switching network
public switched network
packet switching node
PSPDN packet-switched public data network
PSS packet-switched stream
physical signaling sublayer
p-static precipitation static
P-static precipitation static
PSTN public switched telephone network
PT payload type
personal telecommunications
PTF patch and test facility
PTI packet type indication
PTM packet transfer mode
pulse time modulation
PTT post, telephone, and telegraph
postal, telegraph, and telephone
printing teletypewriter telegraphy
push to talk (operation)
PTTC paper tape transmission code
PTTI precise time and time interval
PU physical unit (ffiM/SNA)
power unit
PUC public utility commission
PUP PARC universal packet (XNS)
PVC permanent virtual circuit
Permanent Virtual Circuit (X.25)
polyvinyl chloride (insulation)
polyvinyl chloride (plastic)
pW picowatt (l0-12 watts)
PWM pulse width modulation (Use PDM.)
pWp picowatt, psophometrically weighted
pW, psophometrically weighted
pWpO pWp relative to a OTLP
pX peak envelope power, in dB
PX peak envelope power, in watts
private exchange (Use PBX.)
PXP Packet Exchange Protocol
pY mean power, in dB
PY mean power, in watts
Appendix A
pZ
PZ
PZT
q
QA
QAM
QBE
QC
QCIF
QM
QMR
QO
QOS
QPSK
QRC
QSTAG
R
RACE
racon
RACON
rad
radar
RADC
RADHAZ
RADINT
RADP
RAM
RAS
RAIT
RBOC
RBR
RBS
carrier power, in dB
carrier power, in watts
piezoelectric transducer
electronic charge
quality assurance
quadrature amplitude modulation
query by example
quality control
quarter common intermediate format
quadrature modulation
quantum mechanics
qualitative material requirement
quartz oscillator
quality of service
quadrature phase shift keying
quick reaction capability
Quadripartite Standardization Agreement
resistance (electric circuit)
route service
Research in Advanced Communications Technology for Europe
radar beacon
radar beacon
radian
radiation absorbed dose
radio detection and ranging
Rome Air Development Center
electromagnetic radiation hazard
radar intelligence
remote access data processing
random access memory
reliability, availability, and maintainability
radio astronomy station
radio teletype (system)
radio teletypewriter
regional Bell operating company
Regional Bell Operating Company
radar blind range
radar blind speed
reverse battery signaling
1183
Appendix A
RbXO
RC
RCC
RCP
RCS
RCT
RCVR
RD
R&D RDF
RDI
RDT
RDT&E
RDTF REA
REED
REJ
REMOS
REN
RENAN
REP RES
rf
RF
RFA
RFC
RFCA
RFI
rubidium-crystal oscillator
receive clock
reference clock
reflection coefficient
resource controller
restricted channel
radio common carrier
real time control program
radar cross section
radiocommunications service
reduced carrier transmission
receiver
received data
reflection density
routing diagram
routing directory
research and development
radio direction finding
request data transfer
restricted digital information
request data transfer
request data transfer (signal)
research, development, test, and evaluation
radio-telephone distress frequency
Rural Electrification Administration
restricted edge-emitting diode
reject (link: protocol command)
reflective membrane optical scintillator
ringer equivalency number
ISDN pilot project (France) (French philosopher)
reply
reserved (asynchronous transfer mode)
radio frequency
range finder
radio frequency
reference frequency
radio frequency allotment
radio frequency assignment
request for commands
radio frequency channel allotment
radio-fiber optic integration
1184
Appendix A
RFOI
RFP
RFQ
RFS
RO/U
ROB
RH
RHI
RHR
RI
RIA
RIP
RIPSO
RISC
RJ
RJE
RLC
RLLS
RLMS
RLSD
RM
rms
RNLS
RNMS
RNR
RNSS
RO
ROC
ROM
ROS
radio frequency interference
radio-fiber optic integration
request for proposal
request for quotation
real file store
real file system
grade of coaxial cable
red-green-blue (television)
relative humidity
range height indicator
radar horizon range
radio horizon range
ring in
ring indicator
routing indicator
routing indicator allocation
routing indicator assignment
refractive index profile
revised interconnection protocol security option
reduced instruction set chip
registered jack
remote job entry
resistance-inductance-capacity
resistive-inductive-capacitive (circuit)
radiolocation land station
radiolocation mobile station
receive line signal detect
reference model (OS I) (ISO)
root mean square
radionavigation land station
radionavigation mobile station
receiver not steady (link protocol command)
radionavigation satellite service
read only
receive only
ring off
ring out
required operational capability
read-only memory
read-only storage
remote operation service
1185
Appendix A
ROSE
ROW
RPC
RPDU
rpm
RPM
RPOA
rps
RQ
RR
RRC
RRS
RSA
RSL
rss
RlSrr RSW
RT
R{f
RTA
RTI
RTL
RTM
RTMOS
RTMP
RTS
RTSE
RTTY
RTU
RTX
RVA
RWI
remote operations service element
Remote Operations Service Element (protocol)
remote orderwire
remote procedure call
response protocol data unit
revolutions per minute
rate per minute (telephone call)
recognized private operating agency (common carrier)
revolutions per second
repeat request
request repeat
radio range
receiver ready (link protocol command)
repetition rate
radar resolution cell
radio range station
radio relay system
Rivest, Shamir, Adleman
radio signal level
received signal level
root-sum-square
ISDN reference points
relative spectral width
radiotelegram
real time
remote trunk arrangement
radiation transfer index
relative transmission level
reference test method
room temperature metal oxide semiconductor
Routing Table Maintenance Protocol
reliable transfer service
request to send
Request to Send (EIA RS-232)
reliable transfer service element
radio teletype (system)
radio teletypewriter
remote terminal unit
request to transmit
reactive volt-ampere (deprecated, use V AR)
radio and wire integration
1186
Appendix A
RWT
RX
RZ
RZI
s
SAA
SABER
SABM
SABME
SAFDT
SAM
SAP
SAPI
SARAH
SARBE
SARM
SAS
SASE
SAT
SATCOM
SB-ADPCM
SC
SIC
SCA
scc
SCCP
SCE
SCF
SCOI
SCP
SCPC
SCR
radio-wire integration
radio-wire interface
recorder warning tone
receive
receiver
receiving
return to zero (code)
redundant zero insertion
second
systems applications architecture (IBM)
situation awareness beacon with reply
set asynchronous balanced mode
set asynchronous balanced mode extended
store and forward data transmission
self-assembled monolayer (coplanar)
serving area multiplex
service access point (OSI)
service access point identifier
search and rescue and homing
search and rescue beacon
set asynchronous response mode
survivable adaptive system
specific application service element (OSI)
Societe Anonyme Telecommunications (Telecommunications, Ltd)
satellite communications
subband adaptive differential pulse code modulation
subcommittee (ISO)
signal-to-crosstalk ratio
signal communications axis
signal communications center
specialized commercial carrier
specialized common carrier
signaling connection control part
service creation environment
service control facility
standing communications operating instruction
service control point
single channel per carrier
semiconductor controlled rectifier
Signal Corps radio
1187
Appendix A
SCS
SCSR
S/CT
SD
SDCD
SDE
SDL
SDLC
SDM
SDMA
SDN
SDU
SDU
SE
SECAM
SECORD
SECTEL
SEDFB
selcall
SELED
SEM
SER
SETAMS
SEVAS
SF
S-F
SFf
SFfS
SG
Signal Corps Radio (number)
signal-to-crosstalk ratio
silicon-controlled rectifier
scattering cross section
single-channel signaling rate
signal-to-crosstalk ratio
space division
secondary data carrier detect
submission and delivery entity (X.400)
specification and description language (CCITT)
synchronous data link control
space division multiplex
space division multiplexer
space division multiplexing
space division multiple access
software-defined network
service data unit
Service Data Unit (OSI)
software engineering
spontaneous emission
systems engineer
systems engineering
electronic color system with memory
Sequential It Memoire (Color TV Standard, France)
systeme electronique couleur avec memoire
secure voice cord board
secure telephone
Surface Emitting Distributed Feedback (laser)
selective calling
surface-emitting light-emitting diode
scanning electron microscope
satellite equipment room (DEC)
systems engineering, technical assistance, and management services
Secure Voice Access System
secondary frequency
single frequency (signaling)
store and forward
store and forward
system fault tolerance
standard frequency and time signal
study group
1188
Appendix A
SGDF
S/H
S?H
SHA
SHF
SHIELD
SHORAN
SI
SID
SIGCOMM
SIGINT
SILO
SINAD
SINCGARS
SIP
SITRRO
SL
SLA
SLC
SLD
SLED
SLI
SLIC
SLIP
SLL
SLP
SLR
SM
SMA
SMART NET
SMART-T
5MB
SMDR
SMDS
SMS
SMSA
supergroup distribution frame
sample and hold
sample and hold
sidereal hour angle
super high frequency
silicon hybrids with infrared extrinsic long-wavelength detector
short-range aid to navigation
International System of Units
Systeme International d'Unites
sudden ionospheric disturbance
special interest group on data communications (ACM)
signals intelligence
signal intercept from low orbit
signal plus noise plus distortion to noise plus distortion ratio
Single-channel Ground and Airborne Radio System
single inline package
step index profile
simplification of international trade procedures
session layer
Session Layer
service-level agreement
subscriber loop carrier
system life cycle
superluminescent diode
superluminescent LED
superluminescent light-emitting diode
service logic interpreter
subscriber line interface card
Serial Line Interface Protocol
superluminescent LED
service logic program
service-level reporter
single-mode (optical fiber)
type connector (optical or rf)
skywave management for automatic robust transmission network
secure mobile antijam reliable tactical terminal
server message block
station message-detail recording
switched multimegabit data service
ship movement service
standard metropolitan statistical area
1189
Appendix A
SMT
SMTP
SIN
SN
SNA
SNADS
SNAP
S+N+D
SNDCP
SNI
SNICP
SNMP
(S+N)IN
SNR
SNR/bit
(SIN)+l
SOA
SOH
SOl
SOM
sonar
sonet
Sonet
SONET
SOP
SOR
SOS
SOSIC
SOSTEL
SOW
SIP SPAG
SPBX
SPDU
SPG
SPP
SQL
sr
station management (FOOl)
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (ARPA/DOD)
signal-to-noise ratio
subscriber number
systems network architecture (IBM)
SNA distribution service (IBM)
Subnet Access Protocol
signal plus noise plus distortion
Subnet Dependent Convergence Protocol (ISO)
SNA network interconnect
Subnet Independent Convergence Protocol (ISO)
Simple Network Management Protocol
signal plus noise to noise ratio
signal-to-noise ratio
signal-to-noise ratio per bit
signal plus noise to noise ratio
semiconductor optical amplifier
start of header
start of heading character
signal operating instruction
signal operation instruction
signal operations instruction
start of message
sound navigation and ranging
synchronous optical network
synchronous optical network
Synchronous Optical Network (Standard)
standard operating procedure
start of record
distress signal
silicon on sapphire integrated circuit
solid state electronic logic
statement of work
serial-to-parallel
Standards Promotion and Applications Group (Europe)
satellite private branch exchange
session protocol data unit
signal processing gain
Sequence Packet Protocol
structured query language
steradian
1190
Appendix A
SR
SIR SRD
SREJ
SRTS
SS
SIS SSAP
SSB
SSB-SC
SSCP
SSCSG
SSD
SSDR
SSG
SSMA
SSN
SSP
SSRT
SSUPS
SS7 STALO
STANAG
STARS
STATMUX
STD
STDM
STE
STELLA
STFS
secondary radar
spectral responsivity
send and receive
superradiant diode (See SLED)
selective reject
secondary request to send
selection signal
single sideband
sounder station
space service
spread spectrum
start/stop (character, asynchronous)
session service access point (ISO)
single sideband
single sideband (transmission)
SSB suppressed carrier (transmission)
single sideband suppressed carrier
system services control point (IBM)
spread spectrum code sequence generator
start-stop distortion
start-stop distortion ratio
spare signal group
spread spectrum multiple access
station serial number
service switching point
subsecond response time
solid-state uninterruptible power system
signaling system 7
stabilized local oscillator
Standardization Agreement (NATO)
stored terrain access and retrieval system
statistical multiplexer
standard
subscriber trunk dialing
Subscriber Trunk Dialing (Europe)
synchronous TDM
synchronous time division multiplexer
synchronous time division multiplexing
Signaling Terminal Equipment (CCm)
satellite interconnection of LANs (Europe)
standard time and frequency signal
1191
Appendix A
STL
STM
STP
STRADIS
STS
STU
STX
SU
SUB
SVC
SW
SWAN
SWR
SX
SXS
SYN
SYSGEN
SXS
SO .. )
TAC
TACSIM
Standard Time and Frequency Signal (service)
standard telegraph level
studio to transmitter link
synchronous transfer mode
signal transfer point
standard temperature and pressure
1192
Structured Analysis, Design, and Implementation of Information System
synchronous transfer signal
secure telephone unit
start of text
start of text character
signal unit
substitute
substitute character
switched virtual call
shortwave
spectral width
standing wave
satellite wide area network
standing wave ratio
simplex signaling
step-by-step
step-by-step switch
step-by-step switching
step-by-step switching system
synchronization
synchronize
synchronizer
synchronizing
synchronous
synchronous idle character
system generation
step-by-step switch
chromatic dispersion slope
tera (1012)
response timer
Technical Advisory (Bellcore)
terminal adapter (ISDN)
terminal access controller
tactical simulation
Appendix A
TADIL
TADIL-A
TADIL-B
TADIXS-B
TADS
TADSS
TAl
TARE
TASA
TASI
TAT
Tbps
TC
TCAM
TCAP
TCB
TCC
TCCF
TCF
TCM
TCP
TCP/IP
TCS
TCTS
TCU
TCVXO
TCXO
TC97
TC 97/SC I
tactical digital information link
tactical digital information link-A
tactical digital information link-B
Tactical Data Information Exchange System (Broadcast)
teletypewriter automatic dispatch system
tactical automatic digital switching system
Tactical Automatic Digital Switching System
International Atomic Time
telegraph automatic relay equipment
Telef6nica de Argentina
time assignment speech interpolation
trans-Atlantic telecommunication (cable)
terabits per second
technical committee (ISO)
telecommunications center
thermocouple
toll center
transmission coefficient
transmit clock
transport connection
telecommunications access method (IBM)
transaction capabilities application part
trusted computer base
trusted computing base
telecommunications center
telephone country code (CCITT)
Tactical Communications Control Facility
technical control facility
time compression multiplexing
trellis coded modulation
transmission control protocol
Transmission Control Protocol (U.S. DoD)
Transmission Control Protocol!lntemet Protocol
tactical communications system
trusted computer system
trans-Canada telephone system
teletypewriter control unit
temperature-compensated voltage-controlled crystal oscillator
temperature-controlled crystal oscillator
ISO Technical Committee for Information Systems
Subcommittee for Vocabulary, TC 97, ISO
1193
Appendix A
TD
TDC
TDCS
TDD
TDI
TDM
TDMA
TDR
TDT
TDTG
TE
TEM
TECHEVAL TED TEF TEFG TEl
TEK
telco
TELENET Telex®
TELEX TELNET TEM
TEMPEST ter
TERM
time delay
time division
transmitted data
transmitter distributor
theater deployable communications
theater deployable communications system
telecommunications devices for the deaf
time division demultiplexing
trade data interchange
time division multiplexed
time division multiplexer
time division multiplexing
time division multiple access
time domain reflectometer
time domain reflectometry
total delay time
true date-time group
terminal endpoint
terminal equipment
time error
transverse electric (mode)
transverse electromagnetic (mode)
transverse electromagnetic (wave)
technical evaluation
trunk encryption device
Teflon
terminal endpoint functional group
terminal endpoint identifier
traffic encryption key
telephone company
a public packet-switched network (U.S.)
The International Teleprinter Network
International Teleprinter Network
Teletypewriter Network Protocol (DARPA)
transverse electromagnetic
transverse electromagnetic (mode)
transverse electromagnetic (wave)
compromising emanations
third version of a recommendation (CCITT)
telegraph error rate measuring (equipment)
1194
Appendix A
TETRA
TEW
TEl
TE2
TFL
TFOM
TFOS
TFOW
TFTP
TFTS
TGM
THAAD
THD
THF
THz
TIA
TIBS
TIE
TIFF
TIMS
TIP
TIS
TK
TL
TLM
TLP
TLS
TLV
TM
T&M
TM
TMN
TO
trans-European trunked radio system
trapped electromagnetic wave
Terminal Equipment Type I (ISDN terminal)
Terminal Equipment Type 2 (non-ISDN terminal)
thin-film laser
thin-film optical modulator
thin-film optical multiplexer
thin-film optical switch
thin-film optical waveguide
Trivial File Transfer Protocol
terrestrial flight telephone system
trunk group multiplexer
theater high altitude area defense
total harmonic distortion
tremendously high frequency
terahertz (1012 hertz)
Telecommunication Industries Association
Tactical Information Broadcast Service
time interval error
tag image file format
transmission impairment measuring set
terminal interface processor
traveler information station
response time
response timer
Transport Layer
telemetry
transmission level point
telemetering land station
type, length, value (OS I)
transverse magnetic (mode)
transverse magnetic (wave)
test and measurement (activity)
test and measurement (equipment)
transverse magnetic (mode)
transverse magnetic (wave)
telecommunications management network
tandem office
timeout (in protocols)
toll office
1195
Appendix A
TOD
TOM
TOP
TOS
TOW
TP
TPDU
TPM
TPOA
TQ
TQM
TR
TRADACOMS
TRANSEC
TRANSPAC
TRAP
TRC
TREE
TRF
TRI-TAC
TRITAC-E
TRIXS
TRMS
TRN
TROPO
TSA
TSAP
TSDU
TSI
TSK
TSM
TSO
TSP
TSPS
TSR
time of day
thin-film optical modulator
thin-film optical multiplexer
Technical and Office Protocol
thin-film optical switch
type of service (DARPA)
thin-film optical waveguide
toll point
Transport Protocol (ISO NIST)
transport protocol data unit
total productive maintenance
telecommunications private operating agency
toll quality
total quality management
Technical Reference
transfer request
trading data communications
transmission security
public packet-switched network (France)
Tactical Receive Equipment and Related Applications
transverse redundancy check
transient radiation effects on electronics
tuned radio frequency
tri-services tactical (equipment)
tri-services tactical equipment
Tactical Reconnaissance Intelligence Service
transmission resource management system
token ring network
tropospheric scatter
telecommunications system architecture
transport service access point
transport service data unit
time slot interchanger
transmission security key
telecommunications system management
telecommunications system operator
telecommunications service priority
traffic service position system
telecommunications service request
terminate and stay resident
1196
Appendix A
TIL
TITN
TIX
TIXAU
TIY!I'DD
TIY
TV
TW
TWA
TWC
TWS
TWT
TWTA
TWX®
TX
TYMNET
T1
U/L
UA
UAB
UAL
UART
UDI
UDP
UER
UHF
UI
UL
ULF
ULL
urn
UMTS
UNI
U-NI
transistor-transistor logic
tandem tie trunk network
teletypewriter exchange (service)
telex
teletex access unit
telecommunications device for the deaf
teletypewriter
technical vulnerability
television
traveling wave
two-way alternate
two-wire circuit
two-way simultaneous
traveling wave tube
traveling wave tube amplifier
Teletypewriter Exchange Service
transit exchange
transmit
a public packet-switched network (U.S.)
1.544-Mbps transmission system
uplink
unnumbered acknowledgement
user agent (in message systems)
user agent entity (in message systems)
user agent layer
universal asynchronous receiver transmitter
unrestricted digital information
user datagram protocol
User Datagram Protocol (DARPA)
undetected error ratio
ultra high frequency
unnumbered information
Underwriters Laboratories
ultra low frequency
ultralow-loss (fiber)
micron, micrometer
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System.
user-network interface
user-network interface
1197
Appendix A
UNIVERSE
UNIXTM
UNTDI
UPS UPT
USART
USAT
USB
USDA
USDJ
USFJ
USFK
USNO
USOC
USS
USTA
UT
UTC
UTC(i)
UTC(USNO)
UTP
uv
UV
V
V/D
Vim VA
VAD
VADS
VAN
VAR
U.K. project connecting LANs via satellites
computer operating system
United Nations trade data interchange
uninterruptible power supply
Universal Personal Telecommunications
universal sync, async, receiver, transmitter
ultrasmall aperture terminal (antenna)
upper sideband
U.S. Department of Agriculture
U.S. Department of Justice
U.S. Forces, Japan
U.S. Forces, Korea
U.S. Naval Observatory
universal service order code
unilateral synchronization system
United States Telephone Association
Universal Time
Coordinated Universal Time
Coordinated Universal Time (i)
Coordinated Universal Time U.S. Naval Observatory
unshielded twisted pair
ultraviolet
ultraviolet
normalized frequency
number (normalized frequency parameter)
reference point (Integrated Services Digital Network)
volt
voice/data
volts per meter (electric field gradient)
value-added (service)
value-added (network service)
volt-ampere
volt • ampere
volt • amperes
vapor-phase axial deposition (process)
value-added and data services
value-added network
value-added reseller
volt-amperes, reactive
1198
Appendix A
VARISTOR VARS VAT VC
VCAPS VCI VCO VCR VCS
VCSELO VCXO Vdc
VOl
VOT VOU
VES VF VFCT VFCTG VFDF
VFO VFS
VFT
VFTG
VGC VHF VLF VLSI
VLSIC
VN
VNL VNLF
V number
vocoder
vodas
volt • amperes, reactive
variable resistor
volt • amperes, reactive
value-added tax
virtual call (X.25)
virtual circuit
vertical cavity amplifying optical switch
virtual channel identifier
voltage-controlled oscillator
video cassette recorder
virtual communications system
visual communications system
vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser diode
voltage-controlled crystal oscillator
volts, direct current
virtual device interface
video display terminal (CRT) video display unit
visual display unit
virtual environment software
voice frequency
voice frequency carrier telegraph
voice frequency carrier telegraph
voice frequency distribution frame
variable frequency oscillator
virtual file store
virtual file system
voice frequency telegraph
voice frequency telegraph
voice grade circuit
very high frequency
very low frequency
very large scale integration (of semiconductors)
very large scale integrated circuit
virtual network
via net loss
via net loss factor
normalized frequency
voice coder
voice-operated device, antising
1199
Appendix A
vogad
volcas
YOM
vox
V parameter
VPI
VRC
VSAT
VSB
VSM
VSWR
VT
VTAM
VTP VTS
VTU
VTX
vu
VU
V value
W
WADS
WAIS
WAN
WARC
WATS
WAWS
WB
WBCS
WCC
WD
voice-operated gain-adjusting device
voice-operated loss-control and echo-signaling device
volt-ohm meter
voice-operated relay circuit
voice-operated relay device
normalized frequency
virtual path identifier
vertical redundancy check
very small aperture terminal (antenna)
very small aperture terminal (satellite)
vestigial sideband (transmission)
vestigial sideband modulation
voltage standing wave ratio
variable time
vertical tabulation (character)
video teleconference
virtual terminal
Virtual Telecommunications Access Method (IBM)
Virtual Terminal Protocol
virtual terminal service
video teleconferencing unit
videotex
volume unit (abbreviation)
volume unit (unit of measure)
normalized frequency
watt
wide area data service
Wide Area Information Servers
wide area network
World Administrative Radio Conference
wide area telecommunications service
wide area telephone service
Washington Area Wideband System
wideband
wideband communications service
wideband communications system
wire line common carrier
wavelength division
working draft
1200
Appendix A
WDM
WG
WIN
WITS
WLAN
WM
WMO
WORM
WP
wpm
wps
WRU
WSWS
WT
WU
wv
WVDC
WWDSA
WWMCCS
WWW
X
X-OFF
X-ON
XDR
XID
XMIT
XMITTER
XMODEM
XMSN
XMTD
XMTR
XMUX
XNS
XO
XOFF
wavelength division multiplex
wavelength division multiplexer
wavelength division multiplexing
working group (ISO SC subgroup)
WWMCCS Intercomputer Network
Washington Integrated Telecommunications System
wireless local area network
wavelength modulation
World Meteorological Organization
write once, read many times
wirephoto
words per minute
words per second
who are you
who are you (control character)
weighted standard work second
World Time
Western Union
working voltage
working voltage, direct current
worldwide digital system architecture
World Wide Military Command and Control System
world weather watch
World Wide Web
reactance (electric circuit)
control character to stop information flow
control character to start information flow
exchange data representative
exchange identification
transmit
transmitter
file transfer protocol, micro to mainframe
transmission
transmitted
transmitter
transmultiplexer
Xerox Network Systems (Xerox protocol)
crystal oscillator
transmitter off
1201
Appendix A
XON
XT
XTAL
XU
Z
Zulu
Zo ZBTSI
ZD
ZDW
ZIP
ZRL
Z Time
o dBm TLP ORL
OTLP 2BIQ
4B/5B
4B3T
5ESS
~
~-~
s).. ~-r.
£
~A
~F
transmitter off (transmission control character)
transmitter on
transmitter on (transmission control character)
crosstalk
crystal
X unit
impedance (electric circuit)
Zulu (time)
Zulu Time
characteristic impedance
zero byte time slot interchange
zero defects
zero-dispersion wavelength
Zone Information Protocol
zero relative level
Zulu Time
zero dBm transmission level point
zero relative level
zero transmission level point
two binary, one quaternary
four bits encoded into five bits (FDDI)
four bits in three ternary signals
Number 5 Electronic Switching System (AT&T)
refractive index contrast
delta-beta (switch)
spectral width (delta-lambda)
delta-sigma (modulation)
electrical permittivity (epsilon)
wavelength (lamda)
zero-dispersion wavelength
fiber cutoff wavelength
fiber cutoff wavelength
cutoff wavelength
magnetic permeability (mu)
micro (10-6, prefix, as in ~A, ~F, and ~m)
micrometer (1Q-6 m)
microampere (10-6 A)
microfarad (10-6 F)
1202
Appendix A
11-law
11m
mu-Iaw
micron (10-6 m)
micrometer (10-6 m)
micropascal (10-6 Pa, sound pressure unit)
microsecond (10-6 s)
microvolt (10-6 V)
microwatt (10-6 W)
ohm (omega)
electric charge density (rho)
electrical conductivity (sigma)
1203
APPENDIX B
Tables
Table 1: Frequency Ranges and Designators
Frequency Ranges
30-300 Hz
300-3000 Hz
3-30 kHz
30-300 kHz
300-3000 khz
3-30 MHz
30-300 MHz
300-3000 MHz
3-30 GHz
30-300 GHz
300-3000 GHz
United States Designators
ELF (Extremely Low Frequency
ULF (Ultra Low Frequency)
VLF (Very Low Frequency)
LF (Low Frequency)
MF (Medium Frequency)
HF (High Frequency)
VHF (Very High Frequency)
UHF (Ultra High Frequency)
SHF (Super High Frequency)
EHF (Extremely High Frequency)
THF*** (Tremendously High Frequency)
ITU Designators·
2**
3**
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
"'The eight obsolete microwave frequency bands, designated by the letters C, L, S, X, K, Q, V, and W, that represent the frequency ranges from 225 MHz to 100 GHz and used to describe radar bands, have no official status and are deprecated.
"'''' An extrapolation that is not designated by the International Telegraph Union (ITU) as part of the radio spectrum.
"'''''''The term "THF' is not in the Radio Regulations of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
1204
Appendix B 1205
Table 2: Higher Frequency Ranges and Extension Designators
Frequency Ranges
3-30 THz
30-300 THz
300-3000 THz
3-30 PHz
30-300 PHz
300-3000 PHz
3-30 EHz
30-300 EHz
300-3000 EHz
THz = Terahertz (1012 Hz)
PHz = Petahertz (l015 Hz)
EHz = Exahertz (1018 Hz)
ITU Designators (Extended)
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Table 3: The Metric System of Units
Quantity Base Unit Abbreviation
Length meter m
Mass kilogram kg
Time second s
Electric current ampere A
Temperature kelvin K
Amount of substance mole mol
Luminous intensity candela cd
Supplementary Units
Plane angle radian rad
Solid angle steradian sr
Certain derived tenns have been standardized, such as the hertz (21t radians per second), fonnerly one cycle per second.
Appendix B 1206
Table 4: Prefixes Used with Metric Units
Unit
exa
peta
tera
gig a
mega
kilo
hecto
deka
deci
centi
milli
micro
nano
pico
femto
atto
Examples
Term
megahertz
picofarad
nanosecond
Abbrev.
E
P
T
G
M
k
h
da
d
c
m
n
P
f
a
Abbreviation
MHz
pF
ns
Value
1018
1015
1012
109
106
103
102
101
10°
10-1
10-2
10-3
10-6
10-9
10-12
10-15
10-18
Meaning
106 hertz
10-12 farads
10-9 seconds
Note: Additional examples of metric units and units used in the meter-kilogram-second system of units are (a) electric charge, coulombs, C; (b) energy, joules (watt-seconds), J; (c) force, newtons, N; (c) power, watts, W; (d) voltage, volts, V: (e) capacity, farads, F; (t) resistance, ohms, Q; (g) inductance, h, henries; and (h) magnetic field strength, H, oersteds.
Appendix B 1207
Table 5: Radiometric Terms
Term Symbol Quantity Unit
Radiant energy Q Energy joule (1)
Radiant power cp Power watt (W) Synonym optical power
Irradiance E Power incident per unit area W'm-2
regardless of angle
Spectral irradiance E). Irradiance per unit wavelength interval W. m-2 • nm-1
at a given wavelength
Radiant emittance W Power emitted (into a full sphere) W'm-2
Synonym radiant per unit area exitance
Radiant intensity I Power per unit solid angle W'sr- I
Radiance L Power per unit angle per unit W. sr- I • m-2
projected area
Spectral radiance L~ Radiance per unit wavelength W • sr- I • m-2 • om-I
interval at a given wavelength
Table 6: T·Carrier Hierarchy for North America
Designator* (DS Level) DSR Mbps** Number of Channels
TO (DS 0)
TI (DS 1)
TIC
T2 (OS 2)
T3 (OS 3)
T4 (OS 4)
T5 (OS5)
*See Table 10 **Data Signaling Rate Megabits/Second
0.064
1.544
3.152
6.312
44.736
274.176
400.352
1
24
48
96
672
4032
5760
Appendix B 1208
Table 7: T·Carrier Hierarchy for Japan
Level* DSR Mbps** Number of Channels
1.544 24
2 6.312 96
3 32.064 480
4 97.728 1440
5 400.352 5760
"'See Table 10.
"''''Data Signaling Rate (megabits/second)
Table 8: T·Carrier Hierarchy for Europe (CEPT)
Level* DSR Mbps** Number of Channels
OS 1 2.048 30
OS 2 8.448 120
OS 3 34.368 480
OS4 139.268 1920
OS 5 565.148 7680
"'See Table 10.
"""Data Signaling Rate (megabits/second)
Appendix B 1209
Table 9: Near, Intermediate, and Far Field Characteristics
Near Field
Near Field Region
Electrostatic Field
Near Zone
Fresnel Region
Fresnel Zone
Varies 1/,-3
Ee oc (sin OJt)/OJr3
Er oc (sin OJt)/OJ,-3
r« f.../6
Adjacent to source*
Wavefront depends on source shape
Intermediate Field
Intennediate Field Region
Induction Field
Intennediate Zone
Varies 1/r2
Ee oc (cos OJt)/rv
Er oc (cos OJt)/r2v
r -f.../6
Short distances away
Curved wavefront depends on source shape and distance
Far Field
Far Field Region
Radiation Field
Far Zone
Fraunhofer Region
Fraunhofer Zone
Varies 1/r
Ee oc -co(sin OJt)/rv2
r > 2s2(A or f.../6
Great distances away
Wavefront is that of a plane wave
/..l = magnetic penneability E = electric pennittivity
s = overall or characteristic dimension of the source (antenna),
t = time co = angular velocity = angular frequency = 21tf 1t = -3.1416 f = frequency r = radial distance from the source (antenna)
s» A-A- = wavelength v = propagation velocity of electromagnetic wave = 1!(/..lE)112 *Nominal distances compared to wavelength and source
(antenna) size
Table 10: T·Carrier Characteristics*
1. The designators for T-carrier in the North American digital hierarchy correspond to the designators for the digital signal (DS) level hierarchy.
2. T -carrier systems were originally designed to transmit digitized voice signals. Current applications also include digital data transmission.
3. Tables 6, 7, and 8 list the designators and data signaling rates for current T -carrier systems.
4. If an "F" precedes the "T", a fiber optic cable system is indicated at the same data signaling rates.
S. T-carrier hierarchies for North America and Japan are based on multiplexing 24 voicefrequency (VF) channels and multiples thereof. The hierarchy for Europe is based on multiplexing 30 voice frequency (VF) channels and multiples thereof.
6. See also carrier, carrier system, channel, data signaling rate, digital signal, digital transmission system, digroup, fiber optic cable, fiber optic channel, fiber optic transmission system, frequency, mUltiplexing, T-carrier, transmission rate, voice frequency, voice frequency channel, voice-grade circuit.
* AT-carrier is the generic designator for any of several digitally multiplexed telecommunications carrier systems.
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Martin H. Weik, D.Se.
fonnerly on the staff of U.S. Forces European Theater
Columbia University U.S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratories
U.S. Army Office of the Chief of Research and Development Defense Communications Agency National Communications System
fonnerly a consultant to U.S. Naval Research Laboratory
U.S. Naval Sea Systems Command U.S. Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command
fonner consulting affiliations Dynamic Systems, Incorporated, Alexandria, Virginia
Science Applications International Corporation, Sierra Vista, Arizona
fonner: Chainnan, Glossary Subcommittee
Committee on Scientific and Technical Infonnation Executive Office of the President
Chainnan, Glossary Subcommittee Federal Telecommunication Standards Committee
National Communications System
Chainnan, Glossary Subcommittee Computer Society Standards Committee
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
Chainnan, Technical Committee X3K5 Vocabulary for Infonnation Systems
American National Standards Institute
Chief U.S. Delegate to TC97/SCl Vocabulary for Infonnation Systems
International Organization for Standardization
Member, Department of Defense Working Group on Federal Standard 1037C: Glossary of Telecommunications Tenns
National Communications System
