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APPENDIX A
Acronyms and Abbreviations *
a
A
A AAR
AARTS
AAS
AB
ABCA
abs
ABS
ABSBH
ac
AC
ACA
ACC
ACCS
ACCUNET
ACD
atto (10-18)
ampere
angstrom
automatic alternate routing
automatic audio remote test set
aeronautical advisory station
asynchronous balanced [mode] (Link Layer OSI-RM)
American, British, Canadian, Australian armies
absolute
aeronautical broadcast station
average busy season busy hour
alternating current
absorption coefficient
access charge
access code
automatic circuit assurance
automatic callback calling
associated common-channel signaling
AT&T switched 56-kbps service
automatic call distributing
* Alphabetized letter by letter. Uppercase letters follow lowercase letters. All other symbols are ignored, including superscripts and subscripts. Numerals follow Z, and Greek letters are at the very end.
1103
Appendix A
ac-dc
ACE
ACFNTAM
ACK
ACKINAK
ACS
ACSE
ACTS
ACU
AD
NO
A-D
ADAPT
ADC
ADCCP
ADH
ADP
ADPCM
ADPE
ADPS
ADPSSO
ADS
ADSP
ADSU
ADU
ADX
AECS
AECSP
AEF
AES
AF
AFC
automatic call distributor
alternating-current direct-current (ringing)
automatic cross-connection equipment
advanced communications facility (VTAM)
acknowledge character
acknowledgment
acknowledgment/negative acknowledgment
airport control station
asynchronous communications system
association service control element
advanced communications technology satellite
automatic calling unit
addendum
analog to digital
analog to digital
architectures design, analysis, and planning tool
analog-to-digital converter
automatic digital control
Advanced Data Communications Control Procedure (ANSI)
automatic data handling
automatic data processing
automatic data processor
adaptive differential pulse code modulation
Association for Data Processing and Computer Management
automatic data processing equipment
automatic data processing system
automatic data processing system security officer
automatic dependent surveillance
AppleTalk Data Stream Protocol
automatic dependent surveillance unit
automatic dialing unit
automatic data exchange
Aeronautical Emergency Communications System
Aeronautical Emergency Communications System Plan
aircraft emergency frequency
aeronautical emergency frequency
aeronautical Earth station
audio frequency
area frequency coordinator
automatic frequency control
1104
1105 Appendix A
API address and fonnat identifier (ISO)
AFNOR Association Franrraise de Nonnalisation (French standards body)
Association Franrraise des Nonnes (French Standards)
AFP AppleTalk Filing Protocol
AFRN Anned Forces Radio Network
AFRS Anned Forces Radio Service
AFS aeronautical fixed service
aeronautical fixed station
AG antenna gain
AGC automatic gain control
AGE aerospace ground equipment
AGRS air-ground radiotelephone service
AGWCS air-ground worldwide communications system
AHF adaptive high frequency
AHF radio adaptive high frequency radio
AI absorption index
artificial intelligence
AIG address indicating group
address indicator group
AIM amplitude intensity modulation
AIN advanced intelligence network
AIOD automatic identified outward dialing
AIS automated infonnation system
AISS automated infonnation systems security
AJ antijamming
AL Application Layer
ALAP AppleTalk Link Access Protocol
ALBAM air-land battle assessment model
ALC automatic level control
automatic load control
ALE automatic link establishment
ALGOL Algorithmic Language
ALMRBS airport land mobile radio base station
ALMRS airport land mobile radio station
ALOHA an experimental radio broadcast network
ALU arithmetic and logic unit
arithmetic and logical unit
Nm amperes per meter
AM amplitude-modulated
amplitude modulation
Appendix A
AMA
AMC
AME
AMI
AMLCD
AMIPMNSB
AMPS
AMPS SO
AM(R)S
AMS
AMS(OR)S
AMS(R)S
AMSS
AMTS
ANA
ANI
ANL
ANMCC
ANS
ANSI
ANT
AP
APC
apd
a.p.d.
APD
APEX
API
amplitude modulator
angle modulation
ante meridiem
automatic message accounting
administrative management complex
amplitude modulation equivalent
automatic message exchange
alternate mark inversion
alternate mark inversion (signal)
active matrix liquid crystal display
amplitude modulation/phase modulation/vestigial sideband
Advanced Mobile Phone Service
automatic message processing system
automated message processing system security officer
aeronautical mobile (route) service
aeronautical mobile service
aeronautical multicom service
aeronautical mobile-satellite (off-route) service
aeronautical mobile-satellite (route) service
aeronautical mobile-satellite service
automated maritime telecommunications system
article numbering association
automatic number identification
ambient noise level
automatic noise limiter
Alternate National Military Command Center
American National Standard
American National Standards Institute (formerly ASA)
antenna noise temperature
anomalous propagation
applications processor
adaptive predictive coding
adaptive predictive coding
automatic phase control
avalanche photodiode
avalanche photodiode
avalanche photodetector
avalanche photodiode
Advanced Project for Information Exchange
application program interface
1106
1107 Appendix A
APIICS application program interface/communications service
APK amplitude phase-shift keying
APL A Programming Language
Array Programming Language
average picture level
APPC Advanced Program-to-Program Communications (mM)
APPN Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking
APSK amplitude phase-shift keying
APT Automatically Programmed Tools
ARENA Automated Recourse to Electronic Negotiations Archive
ARM asynchronous response mode (Link Layer OSI-RM)
ARN air reporting net
ARNS aeronautical radionavigation service
ARNSS aeronautical radionavigation-satellite service
ARP address resolution protocol
Address Resolution Protocol (standard)
ARPA Advanced Research Projects Agency (now DARPA)
ARPAnet Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
ARPANET Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
ARQ automatic recovery quotient
automatic repeat-request
automatic request for transmission
ARR airborne radio relay
ARS automatic route selection
automatic route selector
ARTIC a realtime interface coprocessor
ARU audio response unit
AS abstract syntaxes
aeronautical station
ASA American Standards Association (now ANSI)
ASAS all-source analysis system
ASC AUTODIN Switching Center
axis of signal communications
ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASE automatic switching equipment
ASIC application specific integrated circuit
ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation 1 (ISO)
ASOCnet Army Special Operations Command Network
ASP adjunct service point
Aggregated Switch Procurement
Appendix A 1108
AppleTalk Session Protocol
ASR automatic send and receive
ASRT automatic send/receive terminal
ASS amateur satellite service
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
AT asynchronous transmission
ATACS Army Tactical Communications System (U.S.)
ATB all trunks busy (signal)
ATC air traffic control
air traffic controller
AruM asynchronous time-division multiplexing
ATE automatic test equipment
ATF advanced tactical (optical) fiber
ATM asynchronous transfer mode
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (standard)
automatic teller machine
automatic tracking mechanism
ATOF advanced tactical optical fiber
ATOW acquisition and tracking orderwire
ATV advanced television
au astronomical unit
AU access unit
AUI access unit interface
attachment unit interface
AUTODIN Automatic Digital Network (U.S. DoD)
AUTOSEVOCOM Automatic Secure Voice Communications Network
AUTOVON Automatic Voice Network (U.S. DoD)
AVD alternate voice/data
AVPO axial vapor phase oxidation
AWG American Wire Gauge
AWGN additive white Gaussian noise
AWM appliance wiring material
AWSIM air warfare simulation
AZ azimuth
b bit (binary digit)
byte
B bel
byte
balun balanced-to-unbalanced
1109 Appendix A
BAS basic activity set (OSI Session)
basecoril. base communications
BASIC beginner's all-purpose symbolic instruction code
BB baseband
BBC back-to-back connection
British Broadcasting Company
BBLAN baseband local area network
BBS bridge-to-bridge station
BCC block check character
BCD binary coded decimal
BCH Bose-Chaudhuri-Hochquenghem (code)
BCI bit count integrity
BCS B-channel circuit-switched
basic combined set (OSI Session)
BCVT basic class virtual terminal (OSI)
Bd baud
BEL bell (transmission control character)
bell BEL character
BEP block error probability
BER basic energy reduction
bit error rate (use bit error ratio)
bit error ratio
block error ratio
BERT bit error ratio test
bit error ratio tester
BES base Earth station
BETRS Basic Exchange Telecommunications Radio Service
BEX broadband exchange
BFICC British Facsimile Industry Consultative Committee
BFL back focallengtb
BIGFON experimental German video service
BIH Bureau International de I'Heure
International Time Bureau
BIOD Bell integrated optical device
BIOS basic input-out system
bis second version of a recommendation (CCITT)
BISDN broadband integrated services digital network
B-ISDN Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network
bi-sync binary synchronous
binary synchronous communication
Appendix A 1110
binary synchronous communications
bit binary digit
BIT built-in test
BITE built-in test equipment
BIU basic information unit (IBMlSNA)
bus interface unit
BLER block error rate
BLERT block error rate test
block error rate tester
block error rate testing
BLP block loss probability
BLR block-loss ratio
BMLC Basic Mode Link Control
BMMG British Minicomputer Manufacturing Group
BMR bit misdelivery ratio
block-misdelivery ratio
BNF Backus-Naur form
BNR Bell Northern Research
BOB break-out box
BOC Bell Operating Company
BOCs Bell Operating Companies
BOP Bit-Oriented Protocol
bpi bits per inch
bytes per inch
BPI bits per inch
bytes per inch
bps bits per second
BPS B-channel packet-switched
BPSK binary phase-shift keying
BR bit rate
BRA basic rate access
BRI basic rate interface
Basic Rate Interface (ISDN)
BRL balance return loss
BRLP bit-rate-length product
hIs bits per second
b-s-1 bits per second
BS broadcasting service
BSA basic serving arrangement
BSC binary synchronous communication
1111 Appendix A
BSE basic service element
b/sec bits per second
b-sec-1 bits per second
BSGL branch systems general license
BSI British Standards Institution
BSO bit-synchronous operation
BSS basic synchronized set (OSI Session)
broadcasting-satellite service
BT British Telecom
BTl British Telecom International
BTN billing telephone number
BTR block transfer rate
BW bandwidth
BWDF bandwidth-distance factor
B3ZS bipolar with three-zero substitution
B6ZS bipolar with six-zero substitution
B8ZS bipolar with eight zero substitution
c centi (10-2)
c symbol for the speed of light in vacuum
C coulomb (electric charge)
C symbol for capacitance (electric circuit)
CZ command and control
command and control system (tactical) C3 command, control, and communications
command, control, and communications system (tactical) C4 command, control, communications, and computers
CA collision avoidance
CAA collinear antenna array
CACZ combined arms command and control
CACS centralized alarm control system
CAD computer aided design
computer aided dispatching
computer assisted design
CAD/CAM computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing
CALS continuous acquisition and lifecycle support
CAM computer aided manufacturing
computer assisted manufacturing
CAMA centralized automatic message accounting
CAN cancel character (control character)
Appendix A
CAP
CARS
CAS
CASE
CATV
CBEMA
CBMS
CBR
CBS
CBX
cc
CC
CCA
CCC
CCCCP
CCD
CCEB
cch
CCH
CCI
CCIF
CCIR
CCIS
CCIT
CCITT
competitive access provider
customer administration panel
cable television relay service
cable television relay station
centralized attendant services
channel-associated signaling
common application service elements
computer-aided software engineering
computer-aided system engineering
computer-assisted software engineering
computer-assisted system engineering
cable television
cable TV
community antenna television
1112
Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers Association (Sponsor ANSI X3, Information Systems Standards Committee)
computer-based messaging system (NIST)
Carson bandwidth rule
common-battery signaling
corps battle simulation
computer branch exchange
computerized branch exchange (IBM)
cubic centimeter
country code
carrier-controlled approach
call control character
command and control center
communications control center
Committee on Computer-to-Computer Communication Protocols
charge-coupled device
Combined Communications-Electronics Board
hundred circuit-hours
connections per circuit-hour
hundred circuit-hours
character count integrity
International Consultative Committee for Telephone
International Radio Consultative Committee
common channel interoffice signaling
International Consultative Committee for Telegraph (now CCITT)
Comite Consultatif International Telegraphique et Telephonique
1113
OCM CCR
ccs
CCS
CCSA
CCSS No.7
CCTV
CCW
cd
CO
CD ROM
CDC COF
COM
COMA
COPSK
CDR CDS
COT
CDU C-E
CEC
CEI
CELP
CEM
CEN
CENLEC
CEP
CEPT
CERN
CES
Appendix A
International Consultative Telegraph and Telephone Committee
command, control, and communications countermeasures
commitment, concurrency, and recovery
hundred call-seconds (c = 100, Roman)
clear confirmation signal
common channel signaling
hundred call-seconds (C = 100, Roman)
common control switching arrangement
common channel signaling system No.7 (CCITI)
closed-circuit television
cable cutoff wavelength
candela
collision detection
compact disk read-only memory
chromatic dispersion coefficient
combined distribution frame
cumulative distribution function
color-division multiplexing
conditioned diphase modulation
code division multiple access
code-division multiple-access (spread spectrum)
coherent differential phase-shift keying
call detail recording
chromatic dispersion slope
control data terminal
central display unit
communications-electronics
Committee of European Communities
comparably efficient interconnection
code-excited linear prediction (coding)
common equipment module (Ferranti)
Comite Europeen de Normalization
European Committee for Electrotechnological Standardization
circular error probability
circular error probable
Conference Europeen des Administrations des Postes et des Telecommunications
European Nuclear Research Center
coast Earth station
Appendix A
CF
CFE
CFR
CFSK
cgs
CHIEF
CHILL
CHINAPAC
CHOP
ChR
C31
C41
CI
CIAS
CIC
CICS
CIF
CIFAX
CIM
CINC
CINCLANT
CINCPAC
ciphony
CiR
CIS
ClkT
cl
CL
CL-mode
CLASS
CLID
CLIP
CLIR
CLIS
CLIST
CLR
critical frequency
contractor-furnished equipment
Cambridge fast ring
Code of Federal Regulations
coherent frequency shift keying
centimeter-gram-second (system of units)
customs handling of import and export freight
CCITT high-level language (telephone exchange use)
China national packet switching network
change in operational control
channel reliability
command, control, communications, and intelligence
1114
command, control, computers, communications, and intelligence
computer industry
cooperation index
circuit inventory and analysis system
content indicator code
customer information control system
common interface format
common intermediate format
ciphered facsimile
computer-integrated manufacturing
corporate information management
commander-in-chief
Commander -in-Chief, Atlantic
Commander -in-Chief, Pacific
ciphered telephony
circuit reliability
communications and information systems
carrier-to-receiver noise density
centiliter
connectionless
connectionless mode (ISO)
custom local area signaling services
calling line identification
calling line identification presentation
calling line identification restriction
calling line identification signal
command list
clear request (connection)
1115 Appendix A
cm centimeter
CM configuration management
CMA centralized message accounting
CMC communications management configuration
customer management complex
CMDR command reject
CMI coded mark inversion
CMIP Common Management Information Protocol
CMIS common management information service
common management information system
CMOS complementary metal oxide semiconductor
complementary metal oxide substrate
CMOT CMIS management over TCP
CMP communications management processor
CMRR common-mode rejection ratio
CMT connectionless mode transmission
CMW compartmented mode workstation
CIN carrier to noise ratio
CNL carrier noise level
CNM communications network management
communications network manager
CNR carrier to noise ratio
combat net radio
CNS complementary network services
CO central office
central office (telephone network)
connection-oriented
C.O. central office
COAM customer owned and maintained equipment
COAT coherent optical adaptive technique
coax coaxial cable
COBOL Common Business Oriented Language
codec coder-decoder
COG centralized ordering group
CO-LAN central office local area network
COM computer output microform
COMINT communications intelligence
COMJAM communications jamming
compandor compressor-expander
COMPUSEC computer security
Appendix A 1116
COMSAT Communications Satellite Corporation
COMSEC communications security
CONEX connectivity exchange
CONUS continental United States
Continental United States
COS Corporation for Open Systems (U.S.)
COT customer office terminal
COITP Connection-Oriented Transaction Protocol
CPE customer premises equipment
cpi characters per inch
CPI common physical interface (ISDN)
cpm characters per minute
counts per minute
CP/M control program for microcomputers
CPP Cable Patch Panel (DEC)
cps characters per second
counts per second
cycles per second (deprecatedforfrequency)
CPS call progress signal
CPU central processing unit
communications processor unit
CR call request (ISO)
carriage return (character)
channel reliability
character recognition
circuit reliability
connection request (ISO)
contrast ratio
CRADA cooperative research and development agreement
CRC cyclic redundancy check
CREG concentrated range extension with gain
CRITCOM critical intelligence communications
CRITICOM Critical Communications Intelligence Network
CROM control read-only memory
CRSS OI reusable software system
CRT cathode ray tube
cIs cycles per second (deprecated for frequency)
CS carrier system
communications survivability
CSC circuit-switching center
1117 Appendix A
common signaling channel
CSCINT closed source intelligence
CSDN circuit-switched data network
CSE communications security equipment
CSM communications security material
communications system management
communications systems management
Communications and Systems Management
CSMA carrier-sense multiple-access
CSMAICA carrier-sense multiple-access w/collision avoidance
CSMA with collision avoidance
CSMAlCD carrier-sense multiple-access w/collision detection
CSMA with collision detection
CSNET computer science network (U.S. research)
CST compatible sideband transmission
CSU channel service unit
circuit switching unit
customer service unit
CTCA Canadian Telecommunications Carriers Association
cm clock time difference
CTL critical technical load
CTM circuit transfer mode
CTS clear to send
clear to send (EIA RS-232)
CTX Centrex®
clear to transmit
CUG closed user group (X.25)
CVD chemical vapor deposition
CVPO chemical vapor phase oxidation (process)
CVSD continuously variable slope delta (modulation)
cw carrier wave
composite wave
continuous wave
CW carrier wave
composite wave
continuous wave
CWSS communications wiring system
CX composite signaling eX-mode connection mode (ISO)
cxr carrier
Appendix A 1118
d deci (10-1)
D* D star (specific detectivity)
da deka (10)
D/A digital to analog
D-A digital to analog
DACS digital access and cross-connect system
DAD draft addendum
DAMA demand assignment multiple access
DAP Data Access Protocol (DECnet)
DAR dynamically adaptive routing
DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (U.S.)
DASS digital access signaling system
DASS2 digital access signaling system two
DATAPAC a public packet-switched network (Canada)
DATEX-L digital circuit-switched service (Germany)
DATEX-P public packet-switched network (Germany)
dB decibel
dBa weighted noise power in dB referred to -85 dBm
DBA directed broadcast address
dBa(FIA) noise power measured with FlA-line weighting
dBa(HAl) noise power measured with HAl-receiver weighting
dBaO noise power measured at zero transmission level point
dBc dB relative to carrier power
DBC dense binary code
DBI decibel above isotropic
dBm dB referred to 1 milliwatt (0 dBm = 1 milliwatt)
dBm(psoph) noise power in dBm with psophometric weighting
dBmO noise power in dBm referred to or measured at OTLP
dBmOp noise power in dBmO measured with psophometric weighting
noise power in dBmO measured with C-message weighting
DBMS database management system
dBmV dB referred to 1 millivolt across 75 ohms
decibel referred to I millivolt (signal level)
dBnW dB referred to I nanowatt (0 dBnW = 1 nW)
DBP Deutsche Bundespost (German Communications)
dB (psoph) noise power in dBm measured with psophometric weighting
dBpW dB referred to 1 picowatt (0 dBpW = 1 pW)
dBr dB referred to a given reference
dBm dB above reference noise
dBmC noise power in dBm measured with C-message weighting
1119
dBmCO
dBm(f1-f2)
dBm(144-line)
DBS
DBTVS
dBv
dBV
dBW
dBx
dBO
DB-25
dBJ..lW dc
DC
DCA
DCC
DCD
DCE
DCF
DCI
DCOF DCPSK
DCS
DCTN
DCWV
DDCMP
DDD
DDL
DDM
DDN
DDP
DDR
DDS
Appendix A
noise power in dBmC referred to or measured at OTLP
flat noise power in dBm
noise power in dBm measured with 144-line weighting
direct broadcast satellite
direct broadcast television satellite
decibels relative to 1 volt peak-to-peak
dB relative to 1 V (volt)
dB referred to 1 W (watt) (0 dBW = 1 W)
decibels referred to 1 watt (0 dBW = 1 W)
dB above reference coupling
decibels above reference coupling
noise power in dBm referred to or measured at OTLP
EIA RS-232 connector
dB referred to 1 microwatt (0 dBJ..lW = 1 J..lW)
direct current
direct current
double crucible (process)
Defense Communications Agency
document content architecture (IBM)
data country code
digital cross-connect
data carrier detect
data circuit-terminating equipment
doubly clad fiber
diametral cooperation index doubly clad optical fiber
differentially coherent phase-shift keying
Defense Communications System
Defense Commercial Telecommunications Network
direct-current working volts
Digital Data Communications Message Protocol (DEC)
direct distance dialing
data description language
distributed data management
Defense Data Network (U.S.)
Datagram Delivery Protocol
disengagement denial ratio
dataphone digital service (AT&T)
digital data service
direct dialing service
Appendix A 1120
doped deposited silica
DE data element
DEB differentially encoded baseband
DEC Digital Equipment Corporation
DECCA digital positioning system
DECnet Digital Equipment Corporation network architecture
DECT Digital European Cordless Telecommunications
digital European cordless telephone
digital European cordless telephony
DEL delete character (control character)
DELNI DEC Local Network Interface
demarc demarcation point
demod demodulator
DEMOD demodulator
DEMPR DEC Multiport Repeater
demux demultiplex
demultiplexed
demultiplexer
demultiplexing
DEPS departmental entry-processing system
dequeue double-ended queue
DES data encryption standard
Data-Encryption Standard (NBS, now NIST) double-ended synchronization
detem detector/emitter
DETEM detector/emitter
DF direction finder
direction finding
distress frequency
DFB distributed feedback (laser)
DFM digital frequency modulation
DFSK double frequency-shift keying
DGPS differential global positioning system
DGT Direction Generale des Telecommunications (France)
DHCF Distribution Host Command Facility
DIA Defense Intelligence Agency
document interchange architecture (IBM)
DID direct inward dialing
DIN Deutsche Industrie Normenausschuss (Germany)
Deutsches Institut fUr Normung (German Standards)
1121
DINA
diopt
DIP
DIS
DISA
DISC
DISH
DISN
DISNET
DISOSS
DIW
DIL
DLA
DLC
DLCI
DLE
DLL
DM
DMA
DME
DMI
DMS
DMT
DMW
DN
DNA
Appendix A
Deutsches Institut ftir Normung (German standards body)
German Industrial Standards Committee
German Institute for Standardization (German standards body)
direct noise amplification Gammer)
diopter
dual in-line package
dual in-line package (switch)
Draft International Standard
Defense Information Systems Agency
disconnect
disconnect command
data interchange for shipping (U.K.)
Defense Information Systems Network
Defense Integrated Secure Network
distributed office support system
D-inside wire
downlink
Defense Logistics Agency
digital loop carrier
data link connection identifier
data link escape
data link escape character
Data Link Layer
delay modulation
differential modulation
delta modulation
Defense Mapping Agency
differential mode attenuation
direct memory access
direct memory access (data transfer)
distance measuring equipment
digital multiplexed interface (data transfer)
data management system
Defense Message System
digital multiplexed switch (Northern Telecom)
digital multiplexed trunk
digital microwave
digital network
directory number
DEC network architecture
Appendix A 1122
Defense Nuclear Agency
DNIC data network identification code
Data Network Identification Code (CCnT)
DNPA data numbering plan area
DNS Domain Name System
DNSIX Defense Network Security Information Exchange
DO design objective
DoC Department of Commerce (U.S.)
DoD Department of Defense (U.S.)
DOD direct outward dialing
DoDD Department of Defense Directive (U.S.)
DoDI Department of Defense Instruction (U.S.)
DoDISS DoD Index of Specfications and Standards (U.S)
DoD-SID Department of Defense Standard
DOS disk operating system
DOV data over voice
dp draft proposal (ISO)
DPBX data private branch exchange
DPCM differential pulse-code modulation
dpIS draft proposed international standard (ISO)
DPLL digital phase-locked loop
DPM digital phase modulation
dual-precedence message
DPNSS digital private network signaling system
DPPB digital primary patch bay
DPRS domestic public radio services
DPSK differential phase-shift keying
DQDB distributed queue, dual bus (MAN)
distributed-queue dual-bus (network)
DQTV distribution-quality television
DRAM dynamic random access memory
DRS disengagement request signal
DS digital signal
direct support
dispersion-shifted (optical fiber)
duplex signaling
DSA dial service assistance
Defense Security Agency
directory service agent
DSAP destination service access point (IEEE 802)
1123 Appendix A
DSB Defense Science Board
dial service board
double-sideband (transmission)
DSB-RC double-sideband reduced carrier
DSB-SC double-sideband suppressed carrier (transmission)
DSC digital selective calling
DSCS Defense Satellite Communications System
DSE data switching equipment
data switching exchange
DSI digital speech interpolation
DSL digital subscriber line
digital subscriber loop (AT&T)
DSM delta-sigma modulation
direct-spread modulation
DSN Defense Switched Network
DSP digital signal processing
DSR data sampling rate
data signaling rate
digital signaling rate
disengagement-success ratio
domain specific part (ISO addressing)
DSRI destination station routing indicator
DSS direct station selection
DSSCS Defense Special Service Communications System
DSSS direct-sequence spread spectrum
DSTE data subscriber terminal equipment
DSU data service unit
DSO digital signal 0
DSI digital signal I
DSIC digital signal IC
DS2 digital signal 2
DS3 digital signal 3
DS4 digital signal 4
DS-l multiplexed telephone signal (1.544 Mb/s)
DS-3 multiplexed telephone signal (44.736 Mb/s)
DTCM differential trellis coded modulation
DTE data terminal equipment
data terminal equipment (CCITT)
DTG date-time group
DTI Department of Trade and Industry (U.K.)
Appendix A 1124
DTMF dual-tone multifrequency
dual-tone multifrequency (signaling)
DTN data transfer network
data transmission network
DTP data transfer process
DTR data terminal ready
data transfer rate
DTRS data transfer request signal
DTU data tape unit
data transfer unit
digital transmission unit
direct to user
DU data unit
dispersion-unshifted (optical fiber)
DVD digital video disk
DVM data/voice multiplexed
data/voice multiplexer
data/voice multiplexing
DX direct current signaling
duplex
D3 Type 3 fiber optic connector
D4 Type 4 fiber optic connector D(A) chromatic dispersion coefficient
e base of natural logarithms, -2.718
symbol of the charge of an electron.
E exa (1018)
EA effective availability
EAN electronic article numbering
EAR echo attenuation ratio
EARN European academic and research network
EAS extended area service
EBCDIC extended binary-coded decimal interchange code (IBM)
EBE embedded base equipment
EBO embedded base organization
EBS Emergency Broadcast System
EBX electronic branch exchange
EC Earth coverage
Earth curvature
echo canceling
1125
ECC
ECCM
ECM
ECMA
ECPE
ECSA
ECU EDACSTM
EDC
EDI
EDP
EDTR
EDTV
EEC
EEP
EER
EESS
EFIS
EFL
EGC
EGP
EHF
EHz
EIA
EIN
eirp
EKMS
el
ELECTRO-OPTINT
ELED
ELF
EUNT
ELSEC
electrooptic coefficient
electronically controlled coupling
error-correcting code
electronic countercountermeasure
electronic countermeasure
European Computer Manufacturing Association
embedded customer-premises equipment
Exchange Carriers Standards Association
European currency unit
Enhanced Digital Access Communications System
error detection and correction
error-detecting code
electronic data interchange
electronic data processing
effective data transfer rate
extended-definition television
electromagnetic emission control
European Economic Community (Common Market)
electromagnetic emission policy
effective Earth radius
Earth exploration-satellite service
electronic flight information system
equivalent focal length
equal gain combiner
exterior gateway protocol
Exterior Gateway Protocol (DARPA)
extremely high frequency
exahertz (1018 Hz)
Electronic Industries Association
European Information Network
effective isotropic ally radiated power
equivalent isotropically radiated power
electronic key management system
elevation
electro-optical intelligence
edge-emitting light-emitting diode
extremely low frequency
electromagnetics intelligence
electronics intelligence
electronics security
Appendix A
Appendix A 1126
ELT emergency locator transmitter
EM end-of-medium (control character)
E&M ear and mouth (receiver/transmitter leads)
ear and mouth (signaling)
E & Mleads Ear and Mouth receive and transmit leads
e-mail electronic mail
e-Mail electronic mail
E-mail electronic mail (Federal standard)
E-MAIL electronic mail
EMC electromagnetic compatibility
EMCON emission control
EMD equilibrium mode distribution
EME electromagnetic environment
emf electromotive force (voltage)
EMI electromagnetic interference
electromagnetic interference (control)
EMP electromagnetic pulse
EMPD eqUilibrium modal-power distribution
EMR electromagnetic radiation
electromagnetic radiation (hazard)
e.m.r.p. equivalent monopole radiated power
EMS electronic message system
EMSEC emanations security
emu electromagnetic unit
EMUG European MAP Users Group
EMUT enhanced manpack ultrahigh frequency terminal
EMV electromagnetic vulnerability
emw electromagnetic wave
EMW electromagnetic warfare
electromagnetic wave
EbINO signal-energy-per-bit per hertz of thermal noise
ENA extended network addressing
ENQ enquiry
enquiry character (control character)
ENT equivalent noise temperature
ENVOY 100 Telecom Canada electronic mail system
EO end office (network)
EOD end of data (signal)
EOF end of file
EOL end of line
1127
EOM
EOP
EOS
EOT
EOW
EP
EPRM
EPROM
EPSCS
EQ
EQTV
ERC
ERL
e.r.p.
ERP
ES
ESC
ESD
ESP
ESI
ESM
ESP
ESPRIT
ESS
ESTELLE
end of message
end of message (control character)
end of output
end of program
end of selection character
end of tape
end of text
end of text (control character)
end of transmission
end of transmission character
end of transmission character (control)
engineering orderwire
Emergency Preparedness
emulator package
erasable programmable read-only memory
electrically programmable read-only memory
erasable programmable read-only memory
enhanced private switched communications system
equalizer
extended-quality television
electromagnetic radiation control
echo return loss
effective radiated power
effective radiated power
Earth station end system (network)
enhanced service
expert system
escape (control character)
escape character (control)
electrostatic discharge
extended superframe
equivalent step index (profile)
electronic warfare support measure
enhanced service provider
Appendix A
European Strategic Precompetitive Research Programme for Information Technology
electronic switching system
Electronic Switching System (AT&T)
electronic format for protocol description (ISO)
Appendix A 1128
formal format for protocol description (ISO)
esu electrostatic unit
ET Earth terminal
exchange transmission
ETA estimated time of arrival
ETB end of transmission block
ETB end of transmission-block character (control)
ETC Earth terminal complex
ETD estimated time of departure
ETR effective transmission rate
external timing reference
ETS effective transmission speed (deprecated, use ETR)
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETX end of text
end of text (control character)
eV electron volt
EW electronic warfare
EWSM electronic warfare support measure
EXCSA Exchange Carriers Standards Association
f femto 00-15)
f symbol for frequency
F frequency
FAA Federal Aviation Agency
frequency assignment authority
FAADC2 forward area air defense command and control
facs facsimile
FADU file accessible data unit (ISO)
FAI functional address indicator
FAL file access list
FAQ frequently asked question
FAQ file frequently asked question file
facs facsimile
FAS frame alignment signal
FATAM file application, transfer, access, and management
fax facsimile
FAX facsimile
FC fiber-optic connector
functional component
FCC Federal Communications Commission (U.S.)
1129
FCCRP
FCS
FCS
FCW
FD
FDDI
FDDI-2
FDHM
FDM
FDMA
FDX
FE
FEC
FECC
FED-STD
FEMA
FEN
FEP
FES
FET
FEXT
FFL
FGS
FHSS
FIFO
FIP
FIPS
PIPS-Pub
FIR
FIRM
Appendix A
Federal Communications Commission Registration Program
frame check sequence
Frame Check Sequence (CRC)
frequency-change signaling
fiber cutoff wavelength
frequency division
fiber distributed data interface
Fiber Distributed Data Interface (ANSI Standard)
Fiber Distributed Data Interface 2
full-duration half-maximum
frequency-division mUltiplex
frequency-division multiplexed
frequency-division multiplexer
frequency-division multiplexing
frequency-division multiple access
frequency-division multiplexed access
full duplex
format effector
far end crosstalk
forward error correction
front end computer
Federal Emergency Communications Coordinators
federal standard
Federal Emergency Management Agency
feeder echo noise
fluorinated ethylene propylene
front end processor
perfluorinated ethylene propylene
frequency-exchange signaling
field effect transistor
far-end crosstalk
front focal length
facility grounding system
frequency-hopping spread spectrum
first in, first out
Federal Information Processing
Federal Information Processing Standard
Federal Information Processing Standard (Publication) finite impulse response
functionally integrated resource manager
Appendix A 1130
FIRMR Federal Information Resources Management Regulation
FISINT foreign instrumentation signal intelligence
FLETC Federal Law Enforcement Training Center
flop floating point operation
flops floating point operations
floating-point operations per second
FLTSATCOM Fleet Satellite Communications
PM frequency-modulated
frequency modulating
frequency modulation
frequency modulator
full modulation
PMIF frequency modulation improvement factor
PMS flight management system
Fa fiber optic
fiber optics
FOC fiber optic combiner
fiber optic connector
final operational capability
full operational capability
FOCC fiber optic cable component
FOG fiber optic gyroscope
FOL fiber optic link
FOM fiber optic modem
FOMS fiber optic myocardium stimulator
FaT frequency of optimum traffic
frequency of optimum transmission
optimum traffic frequency
optimum transmission frequency
FOTM fiber optic test method
FOTP fiber optic test procedure
FaTS fiber optic transmission system
FPD flat panel display
FPGA field programmable gate arrays
FPI functional process improvement FPIS forward propagation ionospheric scatter
fpm feet per minute
fps feet per second
frames per second
fp/s foot-pounds per second
1131 Appendix A
FPS fast packet switching
fault protection subsystem
focus projection and scanning
FRENA frequency and amplitude (system)
FRM fixed-reference modulation
FRMR frame reject
FSC frequency spectrum congestion
FSD frequency spectrum designation
FSDPSK filtered symmetric differential phase-shift keying
FSF fully separate facility
FSK frequency shift keying
FSL facsimile signal level
FSS fixed-satellite service
fully separate subsidiary
FST frequency-shift telegraphy
FSTS Federal Secure Telephone System
FT fiber optic T-carrier
FTAM file transfer, access, and management
File Transfer, Access, and Management (ISO)
FTC fast time constant
fast time constant (logarithmic)
FTP file transfer protocol
File Transfer Protocol (DARPA)
FTS Federal Telecommunications System
FTS2000 Federal Telecommunications System 2000 FTSC Federal Telecommunications Standards Committee
FIT fault-tracing time
FU functional unit
FWHM full width at half maximum
full-width half-maximum (pulse)
full-width half-maximum (spectral power)
FX fixed service
foreign exchange (telephone connection)
foreign exchange service
FYDP Five Year Defense Plan
g acceleration of gravity
profile parameter
G giga (109)
GAT go-ahead tone
Appendix A 1132
GBH group busy hour
Gbps gigabits per second (109 bps)
GCA ground controlled approach (landing)
ground controlled approach (system)
GCT Greenwich Civil Time (UTC)
GDSS global decision support system
GDF group distribution frame
GFC general flow control
GFE government-furnished equipment
GFI general format identifier
GGP gateway-to-gateway protocol
Gateway-to-Gateway Protocol (DARPA)
GHz gigahertz
GI graded-index (optical fiber refractive index)
GIP graded-index profile
GKS Graphical Kernel System
GMSK Gaussian minimum shift keying
GMT Greenwich Mean Time (UTC)
GOS grade of service
GOSIP Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile
Government OSI Profile
GPI glide-path indicator
GPIRS global positioning inertial reference system
GPS global positioning system
Global Positioning System
GRC ground-return circuit
GRIN graded-index (optical fiber refractive index)
GRWSIM ground warfare simulation
GS group switch (Ericson)
GSA General Services Administration
GSI glide slope indicator
GSTN general switched telephone network
Grr gain to noise-temperature ratio (antenna)
GTMOSI general teleprocessing monitor for OSI
GTP Government Telecommunications Program
GTS Government Telecommunications System
GUI graphical user interface
GUS Guide to the Use of Standards
h hecto (102)
hour
1133 Appendix A
h symbol for Planck's constant
HBC half-baud coding
HCN hierarchical computer network
hybrid communications network
HCS hard clad silica (optical fiber)
HD half-duplex (circuit)
half-duplex (operation)
HDLC high level data link control
High Level Data Link Control (ISO)
HDSL high bit-rate digital subscriber line
HDTV high definition television
high definition TV
HDX half-duplex (circuit)
half-duplex (operation)
HEC header error check
heading error check
HEll mode fundamental hybrid mode (optical)
HEMP high altitude electromagnetic pulse
HERF hazards of electromagnetic radiation to fuel
HERO hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance
HERP hazards of electromagnetic radiation to personnel
hi photon energy (Planck's constant x frequency)
HF high frequency
HFAARS High Frequency Adaptive Antenna Receiving System
HPDF high frequency distribution frame HIPERLAN high-perfonnance local area network
high perfonnance radio local area network
HLL high level language
HLP high level protocol
HM Her Majesty's (U.K.)
His Majesty's (U.K.)
heterogeneous multiplexing
HMS hydrological and meteorological station
HOC highest outgoing channel
HRC hybrid ring control
HSN hierarchically synchronized network
HTML hypertext metalanguage
HTIP hypertext transfer protocol
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (standard)
HV high voltage
Appendix A 1134
h value polarization-holding parameter
Hz hertz (frequency unit)
I information
I symbol for electric current
IA International Alphabet (CCnT)
IAGC instantaneous automatic gain control
IASA integrated AUTODIN system architecture
IATV interactive television
IAI International Alphabet No.1 (CCITT)
IA2 International Alphabet No.2 (CCITT)
IA3 International Alphabet No.3 (CCrn)
IA4 International Alphabet No.4 (CCrn)
IA5 International Alphabet No.5 (CCITT)
IBC information-bearer channel
integrated broadband communications
IBCN integrated broadband communications network
IBDN Integrated Building Distribution Network (Northern Telecom)
IBM International Business Machines (Corporation)
IBNPR in-band noise power ratio
IBS international broadcasting station
international broadcasting system
mT isochronous burst transmission
I&C installation and checkout
IC integrated circuit
ICA integrated communications adapter
International Communications Association
icand multiplicand
ICI incoming call identification
interface control information (ISO)
ICL International Computers, Ltd.
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol
ICNI Integrated Communications, Navigation, and Identification
ICS integrated communications system
ICW interrupted continuous wave
ID identification
identifier
IDDD International Direct Distance Dialing
IDF intermediate distribution frame
IDM isochronous demodulation
1135
IDN
IDP
IDR
IDT
IDTV
IDU
IEC
lEE
IEEE
ier
IIF
IF
IFF
IFIP
IPOC
IFR
IFRB
IPS
IG
IHL
IlL
IlLS
I1R
IIrns IL
J2L
ILD
ILF
ILLED
ILS
I&M
1M
IMA
Inmarsat
IMD
integrated digital network
internetwork datagram protocol
Internetwork Datagram Protocol (Internet)
isochronous distortion ratio
interactive data transaction
improved definition television
interface data unit (ISO)
International Electrotechnical Commission
Institution of Electrical Engineers (UK)
Appendix A
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (U.S.)
multiplier
interface
intermediate frequency
identification friend or foe
International Federation for Information Processing
integrated fiber optic circuit
instrument flight rule
International Frequency Registration Board
ionospheric forward scatter
insertion gain
Internet header link
integrated injection logic
Information Industry Liaison Committee
infinite impulse response
infinite impulse response (filter)
intelligent knowledge-based system
insertion loss
intermediate language
integrated injection logic
injection laser diode
infralow frequency
integral lens light-emitting diode
instrument landing system
installation and maintenance
intensity modulation
intramodulation
isochronous modulation
integrated modular avionics
International Maritime Satellite (System)
intermodulation distortion
Appendix A
IMP
IMS IN
INFO SEC
INS
INSP
INT
INTAP
INTELSAT
INWATS
IN/I
IN/I+
IN/2
110
10C
lOS
IP
IPA
IPC
IPDS
IPDU
ipm
interface message processor
Interface Message Processor (DARPA)
information management system
intelligence network
intelligent network
information systems security
inertial navigation system
Inertial Navigation System
integrated network system
Integrated Network System (NIT)
Internet Name Server Protocol
interchange
internal
international
1136
Interoperability Technology Association for Information Processing (Japan)
International Telecommunications Satellite Consortium
incoming wide area telephone service
inward wide area telephone service
intelligent network concept I
intelligent network concept I plus
intelligent network concept 2
input/output (data, device, channel)
input/output (devices, data, terminals, channels)
initial operational capability
input-output controller
integrated optical circuit (OIC is preferred)
improper abbreviation for ISO
intelligent peripheral (device)
Internet Protocol (ISO and U.S. DoD)
internetwork protocol
intermediate power amplifier
information processing center
interpersonal communication
interpersonal communications
intelligent printer data stream (IBM)
internet protocol data unit
impulses per minute
interference prediction model
internal polarization modulation
1137 Appendix A
interruptions per minute
IPM incremental phase modulation
Institute of Practical Mathematics (Germany)
interference prediction model
internal polarization modulation
interpersonal messaging (X.400)
ips inches per second
interruptions per second
IPSS international packet-switched network (U.K.)
IPX Internet Packet Exchange
internetwork packet exchange
IQF intrinsic quality factor
IR information retrieval
infrared
lRAC Interdepartment Radio Advisory Committee (U.S.)
IRAMS innovative real time antenna modeling system
IRC Interagency Radio Committee
international record carrier
IRF industrial radio frequency
IRQ interrupt request
IRR image rejection ratio
IS information superhighway
interactive service
international standard (ISO)
ISA industry standard architecture
ISB independent-sideband (transmission)
ISDN integrated services digital network
Integrated Services Digital Network (Standard)
lSI intersymbol interference
ISLU integrated services line unit (AT&T)
ISM industrial, scientific, and medical (applications)
ISN information systems network (AT&T)
ISO International Organization for Standardization
ISPBX integrated services PBX (British Telecom)
ISUP ISDN user part
ITA International Telegraph Alphabet
ITA-l International Telegraph Alphabet Number 1
ITA-2 International Telegraph Alphabet Number 2
ITA-3 International Telegraph Alphabet Number 3
ITA-4 International Telegraph Alphabet Number 4
Appendix A
ITA-5
ITAB
ITC
ITF
IT!
ITS
ITSO
IT&T
ITT
lTU
lTV
IVD
IVIDT
IVHS
IVPO
IXC
JANAP
JANET
JCL
JCLAS
JCS
JCSPubl
JCSt
JEDI
JES
JPL
JSC
JTC3A
JTIDS
JTM
JTRB
JTSSG
International Telegraph Alphabet Number 5
Information Technical Advisory Board
International Teletraffic Congress
interframe time fill
Industrial Technology Institute (MAP)
Institute for Telecommunication Sciences
international temperature scale
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
International Telephone and Telegraph (Company)
International Telephone and Telegraph (Company)
information-transfer transaction
invitation to tender
International Telecommunication Union
interactive television
inside vapor deposition
integrated voice/data
integrated voice/data terminal
integrated voice-data terminal
intelligent vehicle highway system
Intelligent Vehicle Highway Society
inside vapor phase oxidation (process)
interexchange carrier
interexchange character
Joint Army-Navy-Air Force Publication
Joint Academic Network (U.K.)
job control language
joint computer-aided acquisition and logistics support
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Joint Chiefs of Staff Publication No.1 (Glossary)
Joint Chiefs of Staff Publication No.1 (Glossary)
joint electronic data interchange
job entry subsystem
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Joint Steering Committee (now JTSSG)
1138
Joint Tactical Command, Control, and Communications Agency
Joint Tactical Information Distribution System
job transfer and manipulation
Joint Telecommunications Resources Board
Joint Telecommunications Standards Steering Group
1139
JUTCPS
k
k
K
kbps
KDC
KDD
KDR
KDT
kg
kgms
kHz
km
kpps
KSR
kT
KTS
KTU
KWIC
KWOC
L
LAA LAN
LANFLT
LAP LAPB LAP-B LAPD
LAP-D LAPM laser
Appendix A
joint uniform telephone communications precedence system
Boltzmann's constant
kilo (103) (prefix)
kelvin
kilo-ohm (103 ohms, 1000 ohms)
1000 (suffix)
1024 (storage)
coefficient of absorption
kilobits per second (data signaling rate unit)
key distribution center
Kokusai Denshin Denwa Company, Ltd. (Japanese international carrier)
keyboard data recorder
keyboard display terminal
kilogram (unit of mass)
kilogram-meter-second (deprecated, use MKS)
kilohertz (1000 Hz, unit of frequency)
kilometer (unit of distance)
kilopulses per second
keyboard send/receive device
Boltzmann's constant times temperature
noise power density
key telephone system
key telephone unit
keyword in context (index)
keyword out of context (index)
inductance (electric circuit)
locally administered address
local area network
Atlantic Fleet (U.S.)
link -access procedure
link access procedure, balanced (X.25)
Data Link Layer protocol (CCITT X.25 (1989»
link access procedure D
link access procedure for D channel (ISDN)
link access procedure for D channel (ISDN)
link access procedure, modem
light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
Appendix A 1140
LASINT laser intelligence
LAT local area terminal
Local Area Transit (DEC protocol)
LATA local access and transport area
local access and transport area (U.S. telephone)
LBO line buildout
LC leased circuit
LCD liquid crystal display
LCN logical channel number
LD laser diode
long distance
LDD limited distance dialing
LDDC long-distance direct current (dialing)
LDL long-distance line
LDM limited distance modem
LEA longitudinally excited atmosphere (laser)
LEC local engineering circuit
local exchange carrier
LED light-emitting diode
LEN low-entry networking
LEOW low-cost exploitation operator workstation
LF line feed
line feed (character)
low frequency
LFB look-ahead-for-busy (information)
LON logical group number
LHC long-haul communications
LHCN long-haul communications network
LHOTS long-haul optical transmission set
LI length indicator (OSI)
LIC lowest incoming channel
LIDAR light detection and ranging
LIF logarithmic intermediate frequency (amplifier)
LIFO last in, first out
LIM line-access module (Ericson)
LINCS Leased Interfacility National-airspace Communications System
LIS labeled interface structure
LISP list processing (programming language)
LL link level
LLC logical link control
1141 Appendix A
logical link control (sublayer)
LLIF linear LIF (amplifier)
LLP low level protocol
Urn lines per minute
1m lumen
LME layer management entity
LMF language media format
lm-hr lumen-hour
lm-s lumen-second
LMS land mobile service
land mobile station
LMSS land mobile-satellite service
LNA launch numerical aperture (optical)
LNMF local network management function
LaC large optical cavity (diode)
LOF lowest operating frequency
lowest operational frequency
log FTC logarithmic fast time constant
loran long range aid to navigation
long range electronic navigation
LORAN long range aid to navigation
long range electronic navigation
LORa lobe on receive only (radar)
LOS line of sight
LOTOS formal format for protocol description (ISO)
LOW link orderwire
LP linear programming
linearly polarized (wave)
linking protection
log periodic
log periodic (antenna)
log periodic (array)
LPo! fundamental mode (optical)
LPA linear power amplifier
LPC linear predictive coding
LPD low probability of detection
lpi lines per inch
LPI low probability of interception
lpm lines per minute
LPP Lightweight Presentation Protocol
Appendix A 1142
Ips lines per second
LPS lightning protection subsystem
LQA link quality analysis
L-R left-to-right
LR long route
LRC longitudinal redundancy check
LRM line route map
lis lines per second
LS land station
logical station
logical storage
LSAP link service access point (OSI)
LSB least significant bit
lower sideband
LSC local switching center
LSE local system environment
Local System Environment (OSI)
LSI large-scale integrated (chip)
line status identification
LSIC large-scale integrated circuit
LTC line traffic coordinator
LU logical unit (IBM/SNA)
LU6.2 logical unit (program-to-program) (SNA)
LUF lowest usable frequency
lowest useful frequency
LUHF lowest usable high frequency
lowest useful high frequency
LULT line-unit-line termination
LUNT line-unit-network termination
LV low voltage
LW long-wave
LX local exchange
LZW Lempel-Ziv-Welsh (algorithm)
m meter milli (10-3)
minute
mega (106) (prefix, as in megahertz)
M mega (abbreviation, as in MHz and Mbps)
thousand (suffix, as in 100M)
1143 Appendix A
M symbol for mutual inductance (electric circuit)
MAA maximum acceptance angle
MAC maritime air communications
medium access control (LAN)
medium access control (sublayer)
MACOM major command
MAl message alignment indicator
MAMI modified alternate mark inversion
MAN metropolitan area network
MAP manufacturer automation protocol
Manufacturing Automation Protocol (General Motors)
maser microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
MAU medium access unit
medium attachment unit (802.3)
multistation access unit (802.5)
Mb megabyte
Mbps megabits per second (data signaling rate)
MBR minimum bend radius
MBS marine broadcast station
MCA maximum calling area
MCC maintenance control circuit
MCD manipulative communications deception
MCEB Military Communications-Electronics Board (U.S.)
MCEF military common emergency frequency
MCM multicarrler modulation MCS Master Control System
MCVD modified chemical vapor deposition (process)
MCVFf multichannel voice frequency telegraph
MCW modulated continuous wave
MCXO microcomputer-compensated crystal oscillator
MDAS multiple database access system
MDC material dispersion coefficient
MDF main distribution frame
MDIS medical diagnostic imagery system
MDN managed data network
MDS multipoint distribution service
MDT mean downtime
MED manipUlative electronic deception
MEECN Minimum Essential Emergency Communications Network
Megastream 2.048 Mbps British Telecom system
Appendix A 1144
MERCAST merchant ship broadcast system
Mercury Mercury Communications Ltd. (Cable & Wireless subs.)
MES mobile Earth station
MF medium frequency
multifrequency
multifrequency (signaling)
MFD mode field diameter
MFJ Modification of Final Judgment
MFS modem fault simulator
MFSK multiple frequency shift keying
MHD magnetohydrodynamics
MHF medium high frequency
MHS message-handling service
message-handling system
MHW magnetohydrodynamic wave
MHz megahertz (unit of frequency)
mi mile (statute)
MIB management information base
MIC medium interface connector
microphone
microwave integrated circuit
minimum ignition current
monolithic integrated circuit
mutual interface chart
MICR magnetic ink character reader
magnetic ink character reading
magnetic ink character recognition
MIDS multifunction information distribution system
MIFR Master International Frequency Register
Milnet military network
MIL-NET military network
MIL-STD military standard
MIL-SID-XXX Military Standard (Number)
MIM mechanically induced modulation
Minitel videotex-based service (France)
videotex-based terminal (France)
MIP medium interface point
mips million instructions per second
MIS management information system
MISFET metal insulator semiconductor field effect transistor
1145 Appendix A
MISSI multilevel information systems security initiative
MIVPO modified inside vapor phase oxidation (process)
MKS meter-kilogram-second (system of units)
ML multilevel
MLP multilevel precedence
MLPP multilevel precedence and preemption
MLS microwave landing system
mm millimeter
MM multimode optical fiber
mmf magnetomotive force (voltage)
MMF maximum modulating frequency
MMFS Manufacturing Message Format Standard (MAP)
MMI man-machine interface
multimedia interface
MMS manufacturing message service
maritime mobile service
MMSE minimum mean square error
MMSS maritime mobile satellite service
MMW millimeter wave
MNCS master net control station
MNP Microcom Networking Protocol
MNRZ modified nonreturn to zero (code)
mo magnetooptic
magneto-optic
MOD modulator modem modulator-demodulator
modified AMI modified alternate mark inversion (code)
mol mole (molecular mass in grams)
MOP Maintenance Operation Protocol
MORPH mathematical morphology
MOS metal oxide semiconductor
MOSFET metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor
MOTIS message-oriented text interchange system (ISO)
MPDS multipoint distribution service
MPR maximum pulse rate
MPSK multiple phase-shift keying
MRNS maritime radionavigation service
MRNSS maritime radionavigation satellite service
MRS multirole system
ms millisecond (10-3 s)
Appendix A 1146
MS message store (U.K.)
mobile service
mobile station
molecular stuffing (process)
MSATCOM mobile satellite communications
MSAU multi station access unit
MSB most significant bit
MSE Mobile Subscriber Equipment (System)
msec millisecond 00-3 s)
MSK minimum-shift keying
MSL multi satellite link
MSN multiple subscriber number
MSR maximum stuffing rate
MSS mobile satellite service
MT machine translation
MTA message transfer agent
MTBF mean time between failures
MTBM mean time between maintenance
MTBO mean time between outages
MTBPM mean time between preventive maintenance
MTF modulation transfer function (optical fiber)
MTI moving target indicator
MTL message transfer layer
MTM McLintock theater model
MTP message transfer part
MTS message transfer service
MTSR mean time to service restoral
MTTF mean time to failure
MTTR mean time to repair
MTTSR mean time to service restoral
MUF maximum usable frequency
maximum useful frequency
muldem multiplexedldemultiplexed
multiplexer/demultiplexer
multiplexing/demultiplexing
MUS marine utility station
MUSR maximum user signaling rate
MUX multiplex
multiplexed
multiplexer
1147
MUXing
MVS
mw
MW
MWI
MWV M(A.)
n
n
N
N
No
NA
NACISO
NACK
NACSEM
NACSIM
NAK
NAND
NAPLPS
NARSAP
NASA
NATA
NATO
NAU
NAVSTAR
NAVSTAR-GPS
NBFM
NBH
NBP NBRVB
NBRVF
NBS
NBSV
multiplexing
multiplexing
multiple virtual storage (an operating system)
microwave
medium wave
microwave
middle wave
message waiting indicator
maximum working voltage
material dispersion coefficient
nano 00-9)
refractive index
newton (force)
symbol for force
sea level refractivity (refractive index)
spectral noise density
numerical aperture (waveguides, antennas)
Appendix A
NATO Communications and Information Systems Agency
negative acknowledge
National Communications Security Emanation Memorandum
National Communications Security Information Memorandum
negative acknowledge character (control)
negative acknowledgment (transmission control)
negative AND (gate)
North American presentation-layer protocol syntax
National Advanced Remote Sensing Application Program
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
North American Telecommunications Association
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
network addressable unit (IBMlSNA)
Navigational Satellite Timing and Ranging
NAVSTAR Global Positioning System
narrowband frequency modulation
network busy hour
NetBIOS Protocol
narrowband radio voice bandwidth
narrowband radio voice frequency
National Bureau of Standards (U.S.) (now NIST)
narrowband secure voice (system)
Appendix A
NC
NCA
NCC
NCCF
NCP
NCS
NCSC
NCTE
N+D
NOC
NOCS
NORENET
NE
NEACP
NEC
NEP
NBS NET
NetBIOS
NETCONSTA
NEXT
NF
NFAR NFS
NFSP NIC
NICE
NICS
NID
network connection
network control
National Command Authorities
National Command Authority
network control center
National Coordinating Center
network communications control facility
NetWare Core Protocol
network control program
National Communications System
net control station
National Communications Security Committee
network channel-terminating equipment
noise-plus-distortion
National Destination Code
network data control station
network data control system
Norwegian Defence Research Establishment network
network element
National Emergency Airborne Command Post
National Electric Code®
noise equivalent power
noise equivalent signal
Normes Europeennes de Telecommunications
network basic 110 system
net control station
near-end crosstalk
noise figure
normalized frequency
network file access routine
network file system
Network File System (Standard)
NetWare File Service Protocol
network interface card
network information and control exchange
NATO Integrated Communications System
network information database
network indialing
network interface device
network inward dialing
1148
1149 Appendix A
NIl national information infrastructure
NIOD network inward/outward dialing
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology (formerly NBS)
NIU network interface unit
NL Network Layer
new line
new-line (control character)
NLDM network logical data manager
NLO nonlinear optical (material)
nm nanometer 00-9 meter)
NMA network management architecture
NMAR network management and access routine
NMC network monitoring and control
NMCS National Military Command System
nmi nautical mile
NMI nonmaskable interrupt
NMM network management module
NMU noise measurement unit
NNBS NetView Network Billing System
NNI network-network interface
network to network interface
NOD network outdialing
network outward dialing
NOR negative OR (gate)
Nordforsk Nordic Cooperative Organization for Applied Research
NORDUNET Nordic University Network
NOS network operating system
NOTAL not all (message indicator)
NOTAM Notice to Airmen
Np neper
NPA numbering plan area
NPD noise power density
NPDA network problem determination application
NPDN Nordic Public Data Network
NPDU network protocol data unit (ISO)
NPR noise power ratio
NPSI NCP packet-switching interface
NR Nyquist rate
N(R) receive sequence (ACK) number
NRI net radio interface
Appendix A 1150
NRM network resource manager
normal response mode
NRZ nonretum to zero
NRZB nonretum to zero, mark
NRZ-B nonretum to zero, mark
NRZI nonretum to zero, inverted
NRZ-I nonretum to zero, inverted
NRZM nonretum to zero, mark
NRZ-M nonretum to zero, mark
NRZS nonretum to zero, space
NRZ-S nonretum to zero, space
NRZI nonretum to zero, change on 1 s
NRZ-l nonretum to zero, one
ns nanosecond (10--9 second)
N(S) send sequence number
NSA National Security Agency
NSAP network service access point (OSI)
NSC National Security Council
NSDU network service data unit (OSI)
nsec nanosecond 00--9 second)
NSIEP National Security Emergency Preparedness
NSFnet National Science Foundation Network
NSP Network Services Protocol
NSR Nyquist sampling rate
NSTAC National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee
NT network termination
NTDS Naval Tactical Data System
NTE network termination equipment (British Telecom)
NTELOS NetView Traffic Engineering Line Optimization System
NT! network terminating interface
NTIA National Telecommunications and Information Administration (U.S.)
NTN network terminal number
NTO network terminal operation
network terminal operator
network terminal option
NTSC National Television Standards Committee
NTSCSTD NTSC standard
NTT Nippon Telegraph and Telephone
NTl network terminator, Type 1 (ISDN)
1151 Appendix A
NT2 network terminator, Type 2 (ISDN)
NUL null character
NVIS near vertical incidence skywave
NVIS near vertical incident skywave
NXXcode North American direct distance dialing numbering system
OA office automation
OAA open avionics architecture
OBCS onboard communications station
OBE out-of-band emission
OBS out-of-band signaling
OC open circuit
OCC other common carrier
OCR optical character reader
optical character reading
optical character recognition
OCS onboard communications station
oeu orderwire control unit
OCVCXO oven-controlledlvoltage-controlled crystal oscillator
OCXO oven-controlled crystal oscillator
OD optical density
outside diameter
ODA office document architecture
ODAPS oceanic display and planning system
ODB open dual bus
ODETTE European motor industry ED! project
ODIF office document interchange format
ODIS oceanographic data interrogating station
ODS oceanographic data station
OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
OFC optical fiber, conductive
OFCP optical fiber, conductive, plenum
OFCR optical fiber, conductive, riser
OFN optical fiber, nonconductive
OFNP optical fiber, nonconductive, plenum
OFNR optical fiber, nonconductive, riser
OFTEL Office of Telecommunications
OFTF optical fiber transfer function
Ole optical integrated circuit
OLTS optical loss test set
Appendix A 1152
O&M operations and maintenance
organization and methods
OMAP operations and maintenance applications part
OMB Office of Management and Budget (U.S.)
ONA open network architecture
Open Network Architecture (Bell)
OPB optical power budget
OPC on-premises cabling
opcode operation code
OPEVAL operational evaluation
OPL optical path length
opm operations per minute
OPMODEL operations model
OPSEC operations security
OPSEC-A operations security (OPSEC) assessment
OPSEC-S operations security (OPSEC) survey
OPW on-premises wiring
OPX off-premises extension
OR off-route aeronautical mobile service
operations research
optical range
outage ratio
OIR originator/recipient (X.400)
ORS omnidirectional range station
ORSA operations research/systems analysis
OS operating system
operations system
OSA open systems architecture
OSCINT open-source intelligence
OSD optical space division multiplexing
OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration
OSI open switching interval
open systems interconnection
Open Systems Interconnection (ISO)
OSIA Open Systems Interconnection architecture
OSIE Open Systems Interconnection-Environment (ISO)
OSINet Open Systems Interconnection Network (U.S. NIST)
OSI-RM Open Systems Interconnection-Reference Model (ISO)
OSI-SD Open Systems Interconnection-Service Definition
OSI-SM Open Systems Interconnection-Systems Management
1153
OSI-TP
OSNS
OSRI
OSS
OSSN
OTAM
OTAR
OTDR
OTF
OUTWATS
OVD
OVPO
OW
OWM
p
P
P
Pa
PA
PABX
PACVD
PACX
PAD PAL
PAL-M
PAM
PAMA
PAP
par
p/ar
p/a-r
Appendix A
Open Systems Interconnection-Transaction Processing
open systems network support
originating station routing indicator
operational service state
Operations Support System
originating station serial number
over-the-air management (automated HF network nodes)
over-the-air rekey
over-the-air rekeying
over-the-air rekeying (of cryptographic equipment)
optical time domain reflectometer
optical time domain reflectometry
optimum transmission frequency
outgoing wide-area telephone service
optical video disk
outside vapor deposition
outside vapor phase oxidation (process)
orderwire (signaling circuit)
orderwire message
pico (10-12)
peta (1015)
profile dispersion parameter
symbol for power (acoustic, electrical, and optical)
pascal (1 Pa = 1 Nem-2)
personal agent
private automatic branch exchange (use PBX)
plasma activated chemical vapor deposition
private automatic computer exchange
packet assembler/disassembler
phase alternate line
phase alternation by line
phase alternation by line-modified
pulse amplitude modulation
pulse-address multiple access
preassignment access plan
Printer Access Protocol
peak-to-average ratio
peak-to-average ratio
peak-to-average ratio
Appendix A 1154
P/AR peak-to-average ratio
PAR performance analysis and review
positive acknowledgment plus retransmission
paramp parametric amplifier
PARAMP parametric amplifier
PARC Palo Alto Research Center (Xerox)
par meter peak-to-average ratio meter
PAS private aircraft station
profile alignment system
PASL primary area switch locator
PAX private automatic exchange
PBER pseudo-bit error ratio
PBX private branch exchange
PC carrier power (radio transmitter)
personal communications
personal computer
phantom circuit
primary channel
printed circuit
PCB power circuit breaker
printed circuit board
PC DOS personal computer disk operating system
PCI protocol control infonnation
Protocol Control Infonnation (ISO)
PCM plug compatible module
process control module
pulse code modulation
pulse code modulator
pulse code multiplexing
PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association
PCS personal communications service
personal communications system
plastic clad silica (optical fiber)
PCSR parallel channels signaling rate
PCSS personal communications system service
PD packing density
photodetector
photodiode
PDF pulse duty factor
PDM plain-dress message
1155 Appendix A
pulse delta modulation
pulse duration modulation
PDN public data network
PDP profile dispersion parameter
PDS power distribution system
Premises Distribution System (AT&T)
primary distribution system
program data source
protected distribution system
PDT programmable data terminal
PDTS public data transmission service
PDU protocol data unit
Protocol Data Unit (ISO standard)
PE phase encoded (recording)
picture element
protocol emulator
pel picture element
PEM peripheral equipment module (Ferranti)
PEP Packet Exchange Protocol
peak envelope power
pF picofarad (10-12 farad)
PF packing fraction (fiber optics)
PIP polUfinal (link protocol)
PF power factor
primary frequency
PPM pulse-frequency modulation
PGI parameter group identifier (ISO)
PGS primary guard station
PH packet handler
PHOTINT photographic intelligence
PHY Physical Layer Protocol (FOOl)
PHz petahertz (1015 Hz)
PI parameter identifier (ISO)
protection interval
PIC plastic insulated cable
PICS protocol implementation conformance statement
PIDB peripheral interface data bus (AT&T)
PIN positive-intrinsic-negative (semiconductor junction)
PINFET PIN photodiode field effect transistor
ping packet internet groper
Appendix A 1156
PING Packet Internet Groper (Internet)
PIRS positioning inertial reference system (global)
PISAB pulse interference suppression and blanking
PIV peak inverse voltage
PKES public key encryption system
PL Physical Layer
Presentation Layer
PLll programmable language 1
Programming Language 1
PLA programmable logic array
PLL phase-locked loop
PLM pulse-length modulation (use PDM)
PLN private line network
PLR pulse link repeater
PLS physical signaling sublayer
pm phase modulation
PM mean power
packet mode
phase modulation
polarization-maintaining (optical fiber)
polarizing maintaining (fiber)
post meridiem
preventive maintenance pulse modulation
PMB pilot make-busy (circuit)
PMD physical medium-dependent specification (FDDI)
p-n positive-negative (semiconductor junction)
POI point of interface
POP peak power output
point of presence (networking)
POSI Promoting Conference for OSI (Japan)
POSIX portable operating system interface for computer environments
POST power-on self-test
pot potentiometer
POT point of train
POTS plain old telephone service
P-P peak -to-peak
PIP point-to-point
PP polarization-preserving (optical fiber) (use PM)
PPI planned position indicator
1157 Appendix A
ppm parts per million
PPM parts per million
pulse position modulation
PPO peak power output
PPP Point to Point Protocol
pps pulses per second
PPS perimeter protection system
PPSN pilot packet-switched network (U.K.)
PQA path quality analysis
PR pattern recognition
primary radar
pulse rate
PRA primary rate access
PRBS pseudorandom binary sequence
PRF pulse repetition frequency (use PRR)
PRl primary rate interface
PRM pulse-rate modulation
PROFS Professional Office System (IBM)
PROM programmable read-only memory
PROSIGN procedure sign
PROWORD procedure word
PRR pulse repetition rate
PRSL primary area switch locator
PS packet switch
packet switched
packet-switching
permanent signal
PS/2 Personal Systeml2
ps picosecond (10- 12 s)
PS permanent signal
phase shift
portable station
PSDN packet-switched data network
PSDTS packet-switched data transmission service
psec picosecond (10- 12 s)
psi pounds per square inch (pressure)
PSK phase-shift keying
PSN packet switching network
public switched network
packet switching node
Appendix A 1158
PSPDN packet-switched public data network
PSS packet-switched stream
p-static precipitation static
P-static precipitation static
PSTN public switched telephone network
PT payload type
personal telecommunications
PTF patch and test facility
PTI packet type indication
PTM packet transfer mode
pulse-time modulation
PIT post, telephone, and telegraph
postal, telegraph, and telephone
printing teletypewriter telegraphy
push to talk (operation)
PTIC paper-tape transmission code
PTTI precise time and time interval
PU physical unit (IBM/SNA)
power unit
PUC public utility commission
PUP PARC universal packet (XNS)
PVC permanent virtual circuit
Permanent Virtual Circuit (X.25)
polyvinyl chloride (insulation)
polyvinyl chloride (plastic)
pW picowatt (10-12 W)
PWM pulse-width modulation (use PDM)
pWp picowatt (pW), psophometrically weighted
pWpO pWp relative to a OTLP
pX peak envelope power, in dB
PX peak envelope power, in watts
private exchange (use PBX)
PXP Packet Exchange Protocol
pY mean power, in dB
PY mean power, in watts
pZ carrier power, in dB
PZ carrier power, in watts
PZT piezoelectric transducer
q symbol for electronic charge
QA quality assurance
1159
QAM
QBE
QC
QCIF
QM
QMR
QO
QOS
QPSK
QRC
QSTAG
R
R
RACE
racon
RACON
rad
radar
RADC
RADHAZ
RADINT
RADP
RAM
RAS
RATT
RBOC
RBR
RBS
RbXO
RC
quadrature amplitude modulation
query by example
quality control
quarter common intermediate format
quadrature modulation
qualitative material requirement
quartz oscillator
quality of service
quadrature phase-shift keying
quick reaction capability
Quadripartite Standardization Agreement
route service
resistance (electric circuit)
Appendix A
Research in Advanced Communications Technology for Europe
radar beacon
radar beacon
radian
radiation absorbed dose
radio detection and ranging
Rome Air Development Center
electromagnetic radiation hazard
radar intelligence
remote access data processing
random access memory
reliability, availability, and maintainability
radio astronomy station
radio teletype (system)
radio teletypewriter
regional Bell operating company
Regional Bell Operating Company
radar blind range
radar blind speed
reverse-battery signaling
rubidium-crystal oscillator
receive clock
reference clock
reflection coefficient
resource controller
restricted channel
Appendix A 1160
RCC radio common carrier
RCP real time control program
RCS radar cross section
radiocommunications service
RCT reduced-carrier transmission
RCVR receiver
RD received data
reflection density
R&D research and development
RD routing diagram
routing directory
RDF radio direction finding
request data forwarding
RDI restricted digital information
RDT request data transfer
request data transfer (signal)
RDT&E research, development, test, and evaluation
RDTF radio-telephone distress frequency
REA Rural Electrification Administration
REED restricted edge-emitting diode
REJ reject (link protocol command)
REMOS reflective membrane optical scintillator
REN ringer equivalency number
RENAN ISDN pilot project (France) (French philosopher)
REP reply
RES reserved (asynchronous transfer mode)
rf radio frequency
range finder
RF reference frequency
RFA radio frequency allotment
radio frequency assignment
RFC request for commands
RFCA radio frequency channel allotment
RFI radio frequency interference
RFP request for proposal
RFQ request for quotation
RFS real file store
real file system
RG/U grade of coaxial cable
RGB red-green-blue (television)
1161 Appendix A
RH relative humidity
RHI range height indicator
RHR radar horizon range
radio horizon range
RI ring in
ring indicator
routing indicator
RIA routing indicator allocation
routing indicator assignment
RIP refractive index profile
RIPSO revised interconnection protocol security option
RISC reduced instruction set chip
RJ registered jack
RJE remote job entry
RLC resistance inductance capacity
resistive-inductive-capacitive (circuit)
RLLS radiolocation land station
RLMS radiolocation mobile station
RLSD receive line signal detect
RM reference model (OSI) (ISO)
rms root mean square
RNLS radionavigation land station
RNMS radionavigation mobile station
RNR receiver not ready (link protocol command)
RNSS radionavigation satellite service
RO read only
receive only
ring off
ring out
ROC required operational capability
ROM read-only memory
ROS read-only storage
remote operation service
ROSE remote operations service element
Remote Operations Service Element (protocol)
ROW remote orderwire
RPC remote procedure call
RPDU response protocol data unit
rpm revolutions per minute
RPM rate per minute
Appendix A 1162
RPOA recognized private operating agency (common carrier)
rps revolutions per second
RQ repeat request
request repeat
RR radio range
receiver ready (link protocol command)
repetition rate
RRC radar resolution cell
RRS radio range station
radio relay system
RSA Rivest, Shamir, Adleman
RSL received signal level
rss root-sum-square
Rlsrr ISDN reference points
RSW relative spectral width
RT radiotelegram
R!T real time
RTA remote trunk arrangement
RTI radiation transfer index
RTL relative transmission level
RTM reference test method
RTMOS room temperature metal oxide semiconductor
RTMP Routing Table Maintenance Protocol
RTS reliable transfer service
request to send
Request to Send (EIA RS-232)
RTSE reliable transfer service element
RTTY radio teletype (system)
radio teletypewriter
RTU remote terminal unit
RTX request to transmit
RVA reactive volt-ampere (deprecated, use VAR)
RWI radio and wire integration
radio-wire integration
radio-wire interface
RWT recorder warning tone
RX receive
receiver
receiving
RZ return to zero (code)
1163 Appendix A
RZI redundant zero insertion
s second
SAA systems applications architecture (ffiM)
SABER situation awareness beacon with reply
SABM set asynchronous balanced node
SABME set asynchronous balanced node extended
SAFDT store-and-forward data transmission
SAM self-assembled monolayer (coplanar)
serving area multiplex
SAP service access point (OSI)
SAPI service access point identifier
SARAH search and rescue and homing
SARBE search and rescue beacon
SARM set asynchronous response mode
SAS survivable adaptive system
SASE specific application service element (OSI)
SAT Societe Anonyme Telecommunications (Telecommunications, Ltd.)
SATCOM satellite communications
SB-ADPCM subband adaptive differential pulse code modulation
SC subcommittee (ISO)
SCA signal communications axis
SCC signal communications center
specialized commercial carrier
specialized common carrier SCCP signaling connection control part
SCE service creation environment
SCF service control facility
SCOI standing communications operating instruction
SCP service control point
SCPC single channel per carrier
SCR semiconductor controlled rectifier
Signal Corps radio (U.S. Army)
Signal Corps Radio (number)
signal to crosstalk ratio
silicon-controlled rectifier
SCS scattering cross-section
SCSR single-channel signaling rate
SD space division SDCD secondary data carrier detect
Appendix A
SDE
SDL
SDLC
SDM
SDN
SDU
SE
sec
SECAM
SECORD
SECTEL
SEDFB
SELED
SEM
SER
SETAMS
SEVAS
SF
S-F
SFT
SFTS
SG
SGDF
SIR
S&H
SHA
SHF
SHIELD
SHORAN
SI
submission and delivery entity (X.400)
specification and description language (CCnT)
synchronous data link control
space-division multiplex
space-division multiplexer
space-division multiplexing
software-defined network
service data unit
Service Data Unit (OSI)
software engineering
systems engineer
systems engineering
second
electronic color system with memory
Sequential a Memoire (Color TV Standard, France)
systeme electronique couleur avec memoire
secure voice cord board
secure telephone
Surface Emitting Distributed Feedback (laser)
surface-emitting light-emitting diode
scanning electron microscope
satellite equipment room (DEC)
systems engineering, technical assistance, and management services
Secure Voice Access System
secondary frequency
single frequency (signaling)
store and forward
store and forward
system fault tolerance
standard frequency and time signal
study group
supergroup distribution frame
sample and hold
sample and hold
sidereal hour angle
superhigh frequency
1164
silicon hybrids with infrared extrinsic long-wavelength detector
short-range aid to navigation
International System of Units
1165 Appendix A
Systeme International d'Unites
SID sudden ionospheric disturbance
SIGCOMM special interest group on data communications (ACM)
SIGINT signals intelligence
SILO signal intercept from low orbit
SINAD signal-plus-noise-plus-distortion to noise-plus-distortion ratio
SINCGARS Single-Channel Ground and Airborne Radio System
SIP step-index profile
SITRRO simplification of international trade procedures
SL Session Layer
SLA service-level agreement
SLC subscriber loop carrier
system life cycle
SLD superluminescent diode
superluminescent LED
SLED superluminescent light-emitting diode
SLI service logic interpreter
SLIC subscriber line interface card
SLL superluminescent LED
SLP service logic program
SLR service-level reporter
SM single-mode (optical fiber)
SMA type connector (optical or rf)
SMART NET skywave management for automatic robust transmission network
SMART-T secure mobile antijam reliable tactical terminal 5MB server message block
SMDR station message-detail recording
SMDS switched multimegabit data service
SMS ship movement service
SMSA standard metropolitan statistical area
SMT station management (FOOl)
SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (ARPAlDOD)
SIN signal-to-noise ratio
SN subscriber number
SNA systems network architecture (IBM)
SNADS SNA distribution service (IBM)
SNAP Subnet Access Protocol
S+N+D signal-plus-noise-plus-distortion SNDCP Subnet Dependent Convergence Protocol (ISO)
SNI SNA network interconnect
Appendix A 1166
SNICP Subnet Independent Convergence Protocol (ISO)
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
(S+N)/N signal plus noise to noise ratio
SNR signal to noise ratio
SNRlbit signal to noise ratio per bit
(S/N)+l signal plus noise to noise ratio
SOH start of header
start of heading character
SOl signal operating instruction
signal operation instruction
signal operations instruction
SOM start of message
sonar sound navigation and ranging
SONET synchronous optical network
SOP standard operating procedure
SOR start of record
SOS distress signal
SOSIC silicon on sapphire integrated circuit
SOSTEL solid state electronic logic
SOW statement of work
SIP serial-to-parallel
SPAG Standards Promotion and Applications Group (Europe)
SPDU session protocol data unit
SPG signal processing gain
SPP Sequence Packet Protocol
SQL structured query language
sr steradian
SR secondary radar
SIR send and receive
SR spectral responsivity
SRD superradiant diode (See SLED)
SREJ selective reject
SRTS secondary request to send
SS selection signal
single sideband
sounder station
space service
spread spectrum
SIS start/stop (character, asynchronous)
SSAP session service access point (ISO)
1167 Appendix A
SSB single sideband
single sideband (transmission)
SSB-SC single-sideband suppressed carrier
SSB-suppressed carrier (transmission)
SSCP system services control point (IBM)
SSCSG spread spectrum code sequence generator
SSDR start-stop distortion ratio
SSG spare signal group
SSMA spread spectrum multiple access
SSN station serial number
SSP service switching point
SSRT subsecond response time
SSUPS solid-state uninterruptible power system
SS7 signaling system 7
STALO stabilized local oscillator
STANAG Standardization Agreement (NATO)
STARS stored terrain access and retrieval system
STATMUX statistical multiplexer
STD standard
subscriber trunk dialing
Subscriber Trunk Dialing (Europe)
STE Signaling Terminal Equipment (CCITT)
STELLA satellite interconnection of LANs (Europe)
STFS standard time and frequency signal
Standard Time and Frequency Signal (service)
STL standard telegraph level
studio-to-transmitter link
STM synchronous transfer mode
STP signal transfer point
standard temperature and pressure
STRADIS Structured Analysis, Design, and Implementation of Information System
STS synchronous transfer signal
STU secure telephone unit
STX start of text
start of text character
SU signal unit
SUB substitute
substitute character
SVC switched virtual call
Appendix A 1168
SW short-wave
spectral width
standing wave
SWAN satellite wide-area network
SWR standing wave ratio
SX simplex signaling
SXS step-by-step
step-by-step switch
step-by-step switching
step-by-step switching system
SYN synchronization
synchronize
synchronizer
synchronizing
synchronous
synchronous idle character
SYSGEN system generation
SO .. ) chromatic dispersion slope
t symbol for time
T tera (1012)
TK response time
response timer
TA Technical Advisory (Bellcore)
terminal adapter (ISDN)
TAC terminal access controller
TACSIM tactical simulation
TADIL tactical data information link
TADIL-A tactical data information link-A
TADIL-B tactical data information link-B
TADIXS-B Tactical Data Information Exchange System-Broadcast
TADS teletypewriter automatic dispatch system
TADSS tactical automatic digital switching system
Tactical Automatic Digital Switching System
TAl International Atomic Time (Temps Atomique International)
TARE telegraph automatic relay equipment
TASA Telef6nica de Argentina
TASI time-assignment speech interpolation
TAT trans-Atlantic telecommunication (cable)
Tbps terabits per second
1169 Appendix A
TC technical committee (ISO)
telecommunications center
thermocouple
toll center
transmission coefficient
transmit clock
transport connection
TCAM telecommunications access method (IBM)
TCAP transaction capabilities application part
TCB trusted computing base
TCC telecommunications center
TCC telephone country code (CCITT)
TCCF Tactical Communications Control Facility
TCF technical control facility
TCM time-compression multiplexing
trellis coded modulation
TCP transmission control protocol
Transmission Control Protocol (U.S. DoD)
TCPIIP Transmission Control ProtocollIntemet Protocol
TCS tactical communications system
trusted computer system
TCTS trans-Canada telephone system
TCU teletypewriter control unit
TCVXO temperature-compensated voltage-controlled crystal oscillator
TCXO temperature-controlled crystal oscillator
TC97 ISO Technical Committee for Information Systems
TC 97/SC 1 Subcommittee for Vocabulary, TC 97, ISO
TD time delay
time division
transmitted data
transmitter distributor
TDC theater deployable communications
TDCS theater deployable communications system
TDD telecommunications devices for the deaf
TDI trade data interchange
TDM time-division multiplexed
time-division multiplexer
time-division multiplexing
TDMA time-division multiple access
TDR time-domain reflectometer
Appendix A 1170
time-domain reflectometry
TDT total delay time
TDTG true date-time group
TE terminal endpoint
terminal equipment
time error
transverse electric
TEmode transverse electric mode
TECHEVAL technical evaluation
TED trunk encryption device
TEF Teflon®
TEFG terminal endpoint functional group
TEl terminal endpoint identifier
TEK traffic encryption key
telco telephone company
TELENET a public packet-switched network (U.S.)
Telex® The International Teleprinter Network
TELEX International Teleprinter Network
TELNET Teletypewriter Network Protocol (DARPA)
TEM transverse electromagnetic
TEMmode transverse electromagnetic mode
TEMwave transverse electromagnetic wave
TEMPEST compromising emanations
ter third version of a recommendation (CCITT)
TERM equipment telegraph error rate measuring equipment
TETRA trans-European trunked radio system
TEW trapped electromagnetic wave
TEl Terminal Equipment Type I (ISDN terminal)
TE2 Terminal Equipment Type 2 (non-ISDN terminal)
TFL thin-film laser
TFOM thin-film optical modulator
thin-film optical multiplexer
TFOS thin-film optical switch
TFOW thin-film optical waveguide
TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol
TFTS terrestrial flight telephone system
TGM trunk group multiplexer
THAAD theater high altitude area defense
THD total harmonic distortion
THF tremendously high frequency
1171 Appendix A
THz terahertz (1012 H)
TIA Telecommunication Industries Association
TIBS Tactical Infonnation Broadcast Service
TIE time interval error
TIFF tag image file fonnat
TIMS transmission impainnent measuring set
TIP terminal interface processor
TIS traveler infonnation station
TL Transport Layer
TLM telemetry
TLP transmission level point
TLS telemetering land station
TLV type, length, value (OSI)
TM transverse magnetic
TMmode transverse magnetic mode
TMwave transverse magnetic wave
TMN telecommunications management network
TO tandem office
timeout (in protocols)
toll office
TOO time of day
TOM thin-film optical modulator
thin-film optical multiplexer
TOP Technical and Office Protocol
TOS thin-film optical switch
type of service (DARPA)
TOW thin-film optical waveguide
TP toll point
Transport Protocol (ISO NIST)
TPDU transport protocol data unit
TPOA telecommunications private operating agency
TQ toll quality
TR Technical Reference
transfer request
TRADACOMS trading data communications
TRANSEC transmission security
TRANSPAC public packet-switched network (France)
TRAP Tactical Receive Equipment and Related Applications
TRC transverse redundancy check
TREE transient radiation effects on electronics
Appendix A 1172
TRF tuned radio frequency
TRI-TAC tri-services tactical
TRITAC-E tri-services tactical equipment
TRIXS Tactical Reconnaissance Intelligence Service
TRMS transmission resource management system
TRN token ring network
TROPO tropospheric scatter
TSA telecommunications system architecture
TSAP transport service access point
TSDU transport service data unit
TSI time slot interchanger
TSK transmission security key
TSM telecommunications system management
TSO telecommunications system operator
TSP telecommunications service priority
TSPS traffic service position system
TSR telecommunications service request
terminate and stay resident
TTL transistor-transistor logic
TTIN tandem tie trunk network
TTX teletypewriter exchange (service)
telex
TTXAU teletex access unit
TTYfIDD telecommunications device for the deaf
TTY teletypewriter
TV technical vulnerability
television
TW traveling wave
TWA two-way alternate
TWC two-wire circuit
TWS two-way simultaneous
TWT traveling wave tube
TWTA traveling wave tube amplifier
TWX® Teletypewriter Exchange Service
TX transit exchange
transmit
TYMNET a public packet-switched network (U.S.)
T1 l.S44-Mbps transmission system
UA unnumbered acknowledgment
user agent (in message systems)
1173 Appendix A
UAE user agent entity (in message systems)
UAL user agent layer
UART universal asynchronous receiver transmitter
UOI unrestricted digital information
UDP user datagram protocol
User Datagram Protocol (DARPA)
UER undetected error ratio
UHF ultrahigh frequency
UI unnumbered information
UL Underwriters Laboratories
UIL uplink
ULF ultralow frequency
ULL ultralow-Ioss (fiber)
urn micron, micrometer (1~ m, when J.L is not available)
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System.
UNI user-network interface
UNIVERSE U.K. project connecting LANs via satellites
UNJXTM computer operating system
UNTOI United Nations trade data interchange
UPS uninterruptible power supply
UPT Universal Personal Telecommunications
US microsecond (l~, when J.L is not available)
USART universal sync, async, receiver, transmitter
USAT ultrasmall aperture terminal (antenna)
USB upper sideband
USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture
USDJ U.S. Department of Justice
USFJ U.S. Forces, Japan
USFK U.S. Forces, Korea
USNO U.S. Naval Observatory
USOC universal service order code
USS unilateral synchronization system
USTA United States Telephone Association
UT Universal Time
UTC Coordinated Universal Time
UTC(l) Coordinated Universal Time (l)
UTP unshielded twisted pair
uv ultraviolet
UV ultraviolet
Appendix A 1174
V nonnalized frequency
number (nonnalized frequency)
reference point (Integrated Services Digital Network)
volt
VA value-added (service)
value-added (network service)
volt-ampere
volt-ampere
volt-amperes
VAD vapor phase axial deposition
VAD process vapor phase axial deposition process
VADS value-added and data services
VAN value-added network
VAR value-added reseller
volt-ampere, reactive
volt-amperes, reactive
VARISTAR variable resistor
VARS volt-amperes, reactive
VAT value-added tax
VC virtual call (X.2S)
virtual circuit
VCI virtual channel identifier
VCO voltage-controlled oscillator
VCR video cassette recorder
VCS visual communications system
VCXO voltage-controlled crystal oscillator
VID voice/data
Vdc volts, direct-current
VDI virtual device interface
VDT video display tenninal (CRT)
VDU video display unit
visual display unit
YES virtual environment software
VF video frequency
voice frequency
VFCT voice frequency carrier telegraph
VFCTG voice frequency carrier telegraph
VFDF voice frequency distribution frame
VFO variable-frequency oscillator
VFS virtual file store
1175 Appendix A
virtual file system
VFf voice frequency telegraph
VFfG voice frequency telegraph
VGC voice-grade circuit
VHF very high frequency
VLF very low frequency
VLSI very large-scale integration (of semiconductors)
VLSIC very large-scale integrated circuit
VIm volts per meter (electric field gradient)
VN virtual network
VNL via net loss
VNLF via net loss factor
V number normalized frequency
vocoder voice-coder
vodas voice-operated device anti sing
vogad voice-operated gain-adjusting device
volcas voice-operated loss-control and echo-signaling device
YOM volt-ohm meter
vox voice-operated relay circuit
voice-operated relay device
V parameter normalized frequency.
VPI virtual path identifier
VRC vertical redundancy check
VSAT very small aperture terminal
Very Small Aperture Terminal (satellite)
VSAT antenna very small aperture terminal antenna
VSB vestigial sideband
vestigial sideband (transmission)
VSM vestigial sideband modulation
VSWR voltage standing wave ratio
VT variable time
vertical tabulation
video teleconference
virtual terminal
VTAM Virtual Telecommunications Acc~ss Method (IBM)
VT character vertical tabulation character
VTP Virtual Terminal Protocol
VTS virtual terminal service
VTU video teleconferencing unit
VTX videotex
Appendix A 1176
vu volume unit (abbreviation)
VU volume unit (unit of measure)
V value normalized frequency
W watt
WADS wide area data service
WAIS Wide Area Information Servers
WAN wide area network
WARC World Administrative Radio Conference
WATS wide area telecommunications service
wide area telephone service
WAWS Washington Area Wideband System
WB wideband
WBCS wideband communications service
wideband communications system
WCC wire line common carrier
WD wavelength division
working draft
WDM wavelength-division multiplexed
wavelength-division multiplexer
wavelength-division multiplexing
WG working group (ISO SC subgroup)
WIN WWMCCS Intercomputer Network
WITS Washington Integrated Telecommunications System
WM wavelength modulation
WMO World Meteorological Organization
WORM write once, read many times
WP wirephoto
wpm words per minute
wps words per second
WRU who are you character
who-are-you (control character)
WSWS weighted standard work second
WT World Time
WU Western Union
wv working voltage
WVDC working voltage, direct current
WWDSA worldwide digital system architecture
WWMCCS World Wide Military Command and Control System
WWW world weather watch
1177 Appendix A
World Wide Web
X reactance (electric circuit)
XDR exchange data representative
XID exchange identification
XMIT transmit
XMITIER transmitter
XMODEM file transfer protocol, micro to mainframe
XMSN transmission
XMTD transmitted
XMTR transmitter
XMUX transmultiplexer
XNS Xerox Network Systems (Xerox protocol)
XO crystal oscillator
XOFF control character to stop information flow
transmitter off (transmission-control character)
X-OFF transmitter off
XON control character to start information flow
transmitter on (transmission-control character)
X-ON transmitter on
XT crosstalk
XTAL crystal
XU X unit
YAG yttrium aluminum garnet
Z impedance (electric circuit)
Zulu Time
Zo characteristic impedance
ZBTSI zero byte time slot interchange
ZD zero defects
ZDW zero-dispersion wavelength
ZIP Zone Information Protocol
ZRL zero relative level
ZTime Zulu Time
OTLP zero transmission level point
2BIQ two binary, one quaternary
4B/5B four bits encoded into five bits (FOOl)
4B3T four bits in three ternary signals
Appendix A 1178
5ESS Number 5 Electronic Switching System (AT&T)
~ delta modulation
refractive index contrast
~-~ switch delta-beta switch
~-L modulation delta-sigma modulation
e electrical permittivity (epsilon)
A. wavelength (lambda)
A.o zero-dispersion wavelength
A.cf fiber cutoff wavelength
A.co cutoff wavelength
Jl magnetic permeability (mu)
micro (10-6, prefix, as in JlA, JlF, and Jlm)
micrometer (1~ m)
JlA microampere (l~ A)
JlF microfarad (1 ~ F)
Jl-Iaw mu-Iaw
Jlm micron (1~ m)
micrometer (1 ~ m)
JlPa micropascal (1~ Pa, sound pressure unit)
Jls microsecond (1 ~ s)
JlV microvolt (1 ~ V)
JlW microwatt (1 ~ W)
P electric charge density (rho)
a electrical conductivity (sigma) Q ohm (omega)
APPENDIXB
Tables
Table 1: Frequency Ranges and Designators
Frequency Ranges United States Designators
30--300 Hz ELF (Extremely Low Frequency)
300--3000 Hz ULF (Ultra Low Frequency)
3-30 kHz VLF (Very Low Frequency)
30--300 kHz LF (Low Frequency)
300--3000 khz MF (Medium Frequency)
3-30 Mhz HF (High Frequency)
30--300 Mhz VHF (Very High Frequency)
300--3000 Mhz UHF (Ultra High Frequency)
3-30Ghz SHF (Super High Frequency)
30--300 Ghz EHF (Extremely High Frequency)
300--3000 Ghz THF*** (Tremendously High Frequency)
ITU Designators*
2**
3**
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
*The eight obsolete microwave frequency bands, designated by the letters C, L, S, X, K, Q, V, and W, that represent the frequency ranges from 225 MHz to 100 GHz and were used to describe radar bands, have no official status and are deprecated.
** An extrapolation that is not designated by the International Telegraph Union (ITU) as part of the radio spectrum . . ***The term "THF" is not in the Radio Regulations of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
1179
Appendix B 1180
Table 2: ffigber Frequency Ranges and Extension Designators
Frequency Ranges ITU Designators*
3-30Thz 13
30-300Thz 14
300-3000 Thz 15
3-30 Phz 16
30-3OOPhz 17
300-3000 Phz 18
3-30 Ehz 19
30-300 Ehz 20
300-3000 Ehz 21
* An extension of the ITU designators
THz = Terahertz (1012 Hz)
PHz = Petahertz (1015 Hz)
EHz = Exahertz (1018 Hz)
Table 3: The Metric System of Units
Quantity Base Units Abbreviation
length meter m
mass kilogram kg
time second s
electric current ampere A
temperature kelvin K
amount of substance mole mol
luminous intensity candela cd
Supplementary Units
plane angle radian rad
solid angle steradian sr
Certain derived tenns have been standardized, such as the "hertz" (27t radians per second), fonnerly one cycle per second.
1181 AppendixB
Table 4: Prefixes Used with Metric Units
Unit Abbrev. Value
exa E 1018
peta P 1015
tera T 1012
giga G 109
mega M 106
kilo k 103
hecto h 102
deka da 101
100
deci d 10-1
centi c 10-2
milli m 10-3
micro J1 1Q-6
nano n 10-9
pico p 10-12
femto f 10-15
atto a 10-18
Examples
Term Abbreviation Meaning
megahertz Mhz 106 hertz
picofarad pF 10-12 farads
nanosecond ns 10-9 seconds
Note: Additional examples of metric units and units used in the meter-kilogram-second system of units are (a) electric charge, coulombs, C; (b) energy,joules (watt-seconds), J; (c) force, newtons, N; (d) power, watts, W; (e) voltage, volts, V; (f) capacity, farads, F; (g) resistance, ohms, Q; (h) inductance, henries, h; and (i) magnetic field strength, oersteds, H.
Appendix B 1182
Table 5: Radiometric Terms
Term Symbol Quantity
radiant energy Q energy
radiant power 4> power Synonym optical power
irradiance E power incident per unit area irrespective of angle
spectral irradiance E).. irradiance per unit wavelength interval at a given wavelength
radiant emittance W power emitted (into a full sphere) Synonym radiant exitance per unit area
radiant intensity I power per unit solid angle
radiance L power per unit solid angle per unit projected area
spectral radiance L).. radiance per unit wavelength interval (at a given central wavelength)
Table 6: T·Carrier Hierarchy for North America
Designatort DSRMbps* (DS Level) No. of Channels
TO (DS 0) 0.064
TI (DS 1) 1.544 24
TIC 3.152 48
T2 (DS 2) 6.312 96
T3 (DS 3) 44.736 672
T4 (DS 4) 274.176 4032
T5 (DS 5) 400.352 5760
*Data signaling rate, megabits/second.
tSee Table lO.
Unit
joule (J)
watt (W)
Wem-z
Wem-Zenm-!
Wem-z
Wesr-!
Wesr-!em-Z
Wesr-!em-Zenm-!
1183
Table 7:
Levelt
o
2
3
4
5
T-Carrier Hierarchy for Japan
Ratembps* No. of Channels
0.064
1.544 24
6.312 96
32.064 480
97.728 1440
565.148 7680
*Data signaling rate, megabits/second.
tSee Table 10.
Table 8:
Levelt
2
3
4
T-Carrier Hierarchy for Europe (CEPT)
DSRMbps* No. of Channels
2.048 30
8.448 120
34.368 480
139.268 1920
*Data signaling rate, megabits/second.
tSee Table 10.
Appendix B
Appendix B 1184
Table 9: Near, Intermediate, and Far Electromagnetic Fields
Near
Near field
Near field region
Electrostatic field
Near zone
Varies 1Ir3
Fresnel region
Fresnel zone
* Eo oc (sin oot)/oor3
*Er oc (sin oot)/oor3
*r( 2A2/1..
** Adjacent to antenna
Intermediate
Intermediate field
Intermediate field region
Induction field
Intermediate zone
Varies 1Ir2
Eo oc (cos oot)/r2v
Er oc (cos oot)/r2v
r(-1../6
Short distances away
*v = propagation velocity = 1I(!.I£)ll2
IL = magnetic permeability E = electric permittivity 0)= 2nf
f = frequency r = radial distance from antenna A = wavelength A = antenna aperture
**Distances compared to wavelength and antenna size.
Table 10: T-Carrier Characteristics
Far
Far field
Far field region
Radiation field
Far zone
Varies 1Ir
Fraunhofer region
Fraunhofer zone
Eo oc -00 (sin oot)lrv2
-1..16) r) 2A2/A
Great distances
A T-carrier is the generic designator for any of several digitally multiplexed telecommunications carrier systems.
1. The designators for T-carrier in the North American digital hierarchy correspond to the designators for the digital signal (DS) level hierarchy.
2. T-carrier systems were originally designed to transmit digitized voice signals. Current applications also include digital data transmission.
3. Tables 6, 7, and 8 list the designators and rates for current T-carrier systems.
4. If an "F' precedes the "T," a fiber optic cable system is indicated at the same rates.
5. T-carrier hierarchies for North America and Japan are based on multiplexing 24 voice-frequency (VF) channels and multiples thereof. The hierarchy for Europe is based on mUltiplexing 30 voice-frequency (VF) channels and multiples thereof.
6. See also carrier system, digital signal, digital transmission system, digroup.
APPENDIXC
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