176

APPENDIX A

IRRIGATION WORKS IN MYSORE STATE

THE MADRAS-MYSORE AGREEMENT OF 1892

In these rules --

(1) “New Irrigation Reservoirs” shall mean and include such irrigation reservoirs

or tanks as have not before existed, or having once existed, have been abandoned and

been in disuse for more than 30 years past.

(2) A “New Irrigation Reservoir” fed by an anicut across a stream shall be

regarded as a “New Irrigation Reservoir across” that stream.

(3) “Repair of Irrigation Reservoirs” shall include (a) increase of the level of

waste weirs and other improvements of existing irrigation reservoirs or tanks,

provided that either the quantity of water to be impounded, or the area to be

irrigated is not more than the quantity previously impounded, or the area previously

irrigated, by them, and (b) the substitution of a new irrigation reservoir for an in

supersession of an existing irrigation reservoir but in a different situation, or for and

in supersession of a group of existing irrigation reservoirs, provided that the new

work either impounds not more than the total quantity of water previously

impounded by the superseded works, or irrigates not more than the total area

previously irrigated by the superseded works.

(4) Any increase of capacity other than what falls under “Repair of Irrigation

Reservoirs” as defined above shall be regarded as a “New Irrigation Reservoir.”

I. The Mysore Government shall not without the previous consent of the

Madras Government or before a decision under Rule IV below build (a) any new

“Irrigation Reservoirs” across any part of the fifteen main rivers named in the

appended Schedule A or across any stream named in Schedule B below the point

specified in column (5) of the said Schedule B or in any Schedule A, Nos. 4 to 9

177

and 14 and 15 or across any of the streams of Schedule B or across the following

streams of Schedule A lower than the points specified hereunder:

Across 1 Tungabhadra-lower than the road crossing at Honhalli

Across 10 Cauvery-lower than the Ramaswami Anicut and

Across 13 Kabini-lower than the Rampur Anicut.

II. When the Mysore Government desires to construct any “New Irrigation

Reservoir” or any new Anicut requiring the previous consent of the Madras Government

under the last preceding rule, then full information regarding the proposed work shall be

forwarded to the Madras Government and consent shall be obtained prior to the actual

commencement of work. The Madras Government shall be bound not to refuse such

consent except for the protection of prescriptive right already acquired and actually

existing. The existence, extent and nature of such right and the mode of exercising it being,

in every case, determined in accordance with the law on the subject of prescriptive right to

the use of water and in accordance with what is fair and reasonable under all the

circumstances of each individual case.

III. Should there arise a difference of opinion between the Madras and

Mysore Governments in any case, in which the consent of the former is applied for

under the last preceding rule, the same shall be referred to the final decision either

of arbitrators appointed by both Governments or of the Government of India.

IV. The consent of the Madras Government is given to new irrigation

reservoirs specified in the appended Schedule C with the exception of the

Srinivasasagara new reservoir across the Pennar, the Ramasamudram new

reservoir across the Chitravati and the Venkatesasagara new reservoir across the

Papaghni. Should owing to omission of the Mysore Government to make or

maintain these work in reasonably adequate standard of safety, irrigation works in

Madras themselves be damaged, the Mysore Government shall pay to the Madras

Government reasonable compensation for such damage.

178

As regards the three new reservoirs excepted above, the admissibility of any

compensation from Mysore to Madras on account of loss accruing to Madras

irrigation works from diminution of supply of water caused by the construction of the

said works, will be referred to the Government of India whose decision will be

accepted as final and should such compensation be decided to be admissible the

decision of the Government of India as to the amount there of will be accepted after

submission to them of the claims of Madras which would be preferred in full detail

within a period of five years after the completion of said works.

V. The foregoing rules shall apply also to the Madras Government as regards

streams flowing through British territory into Mysore.

179

Schedule A Main Rivers Remarks

1. Tungabhadra

2. Tunga Tributary of Tungabhadra

3. Bhadra Do

4. Hagari or Vedavati Do

5. Pennar or Northern Pinakini

6. Chitravati Tributary of Pennar or Northern Pinakini

7. Papagni Do

8. Palar Do

9. Pennar or Southern Pinakini

10. Cauvery

11. Hemavathi Tributary of the Cauvery

12. Laxmanathirtha Do

13. Kabini Do

14. Honhole (or Suvernavathy) Do

15. Yagachi up to the Belur Bridge Tributary of the Hemavathi

180

Schedule B

List of the minor streams and catchments in Mysore territory on which no new irrigation reservoirs are to be

built within the limits specified without previous reference to the Madras Government

Ser

ial N

umbe

rs in

S

ched

ule

A

Drainages Minor Branches

Defined limit on a stream below, which or defined

drainage area within which, no new irrigation reservoirs

are to be built without previous reference to Madras Government

Distance from frontier as

measured up the stream

(Approximate)

Remarks

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

I Tungabhadra 1(a) Charodi or Kumadvati Up to the bridge on this river on Honnali-Shikarpur road

10 miles ----

1 Sulikere-halla The bund of Sulikere tank

46 miles The Sulikere tank seldom discharges. The stream joins the Tungabhadra in Mysore territory

2 Sagali-halla Up to the boundary line of the Chanagiri taluk

40 miles About this point there are numerous existing tanks, and the run-off from these smaller catchments are of no appreciable importance to floods in the Tungabhadra river

181

3 Saratti-halla As far as the boundary line of the Kakkargola, and Avargola villages

9½ miles A stream of insignificant importance to floods in the Tungabhadra river. This stream joins the Tungabhadra river in Mysore territory

4 Branch of Sarati-halla from east

Up to Kadaji tank bund 16½ miles Catchment above the Kadaji tank small and insignificant

5 North Hagari Up to boundary of Chitaldrug taluk

12½ miles There are no existing Madras works on this branch of the Tungabhadra

6 Branch of Hagari

Up to Anaji tank bund 10 miles -Do-

7 Sokke-halla Up to the Hoskere tank bund 9 miles No existing Madras works on this stream before it joins the North Hagari. Catchments above Hoskere and Kyasenhalli tanks very small and insignificant

8 Branch of Sokke-halla Up to the Kyasenhalli tank bund

9 miles -Do-

9 Jiganhalli tank (Madras) catchment

The whole of the outlying bit of Mysore territory which drains into the Madras tank

--- This is an outlying bit of Mysore territory in latitude 10° 55′; longitude 76° 38′

10 Anantapur tank (Madras) catchment

The whole of the area of the extreme northern portion of the Molakaimuru taluk in Mysore which drains northwards into the Anantapur (Madras) tank catchment

--- There are existing Madras tanks below, and the whole area which drains into such tanks is included

182

11 China-Nagari Up to where the stream crosses the frontier near Rangaiyandroog

16 miles This stream joins the main river about 8 miles beyond the frontier

12 Sherikola-halla or Nagalapura tank (Madras) catchment

The whole catchment area in Mysore territory

--- Affects the supply to Madras tank below

13 Rangasamudram tank (Madras) catchment

The whole area of catchment of the tank in Mysore territory

--- The stream from this catchment leaves Mysore territory in latitude 14° 37′ 30″ and longitude 76° 30′ 48″

14 Yeradkere tank (Madras) catchment

-Do- --- The Yeradkere in Madras is on latitude 14° 30′; longitude 76° 57′ 30″

15 Main stream of the taluk drainage

Up to the bridge over this stream on the Salem-Bellary road

15½ miles The road is a convenient point for a limit. This stream joins the Vedavati river within Mysore limits

16 Main stream of the Doderi drainage

Up to the boundary of the Hosahalli village

17½ miles Latitude 14° 21′; longitude 76° 49′. This stream joins the Vedavati river within Mysore territory

17 Virapasamudram and Amarapur tank (Madras) catchment

The whole area of catchment of this series in Mysore territory

--- This area represents a large proportion of the Pavagada taluk of Mysore

V Pennar or Northern Pinakini

18 Mulkalkara tank (Madras) catchment

-Do- --- This Madras tank is situated in latitude 14° 8′; longitude 77° 26′ 20″

19 Ruddam tank (Madras) catchment

-Do- --- A considerable area in the north of the Maddagiri taluk of Mysore is on this catchment

183

20 Virapasamudram tank (Mysore) catchment

The whole area of the catchment of this series in Mysore territory

--- This terminal tank is in S.E. corner of the Pavagada taluk of Mysore, but there are some Madras tanks above in the Madakasira Tahsildari. The catchment excluded from Mysore operations is chiefly in the north of the Maddagiri taluk

21 Purghi tank (Madras) catchment

-Do- --- The catchment excluded from Mysore operations is in the north of the Maddagiri taluk

22 Jayamangali river Up to its junction with 28 miles the Garudachala stream

28 miles The river above this point is of minor importance to Madras

23 Suvarnamuki branch of Jayamangali

Up to site of Rampur anicut 25 miles Joins the Jayamangali a few miles below this point

24 Kumadvati Up to site of anicut feeding the Kodagatur and Gundagal tanks in Mysore

9½ miles This stream joins the Pennar on the Mysore frontier

25 Chaulur tank (Madras) catchment

The whole direct catchment of this tank in Mysore territory

--- This Madras tank is on the west bank of the Pennar just outside Mysore territory

184

26 Western or Thondebhavi branch of the Pennar or N. Pinakini

Up to its source 27 to 30 miles ---

27 Central or Varvani branch of the Pennar or N. Pinakini

-Do- 25 miles ---

28 Hindupur tank (Madras) catchment

The whole area of catchment of this series in Mysore territory

--- An important and large area of the Goribidnur taluk is here excluded from Mysore operations in a part where water for irrigation is much appreciated

VI Chitravati 29 Kushavati stream (Bukkapatna tank catchment in Madras)

Up to site of Daparti anicut 10½ miles The large Gudibanda bank in Mysore and the 20 smaller tanks above impound a very large proportion of the upper catchment already

30 Chitravati catchment (Bukkapatna tank catchment)

The whole area to the north of the Chelur-Bagenhalli road

--- This portion of the Chitravati catchment being more hilly and barren, the run-off is greater than in the more cultivated and level catchment to the South of the Chelur-Bagenhalli road

VII Papaghni river 31 Vadnaman-halla Up to Naremadipalli tank 9½ miles No Madras works affected up to the junction of this stream with the Papaghni river

185

32 Guntpalli tank (Madras) catchment

The whole area of catchment in Mysore territory

--- This Madras tank is situated just above the large Vyasasamudram tank

33 Sadam tank (Madras) catchment

The main stream up to its source

17 to 18 miles This Madras tank, the water spread of which is partly in Mysore territory, drains into the Papaghni river just above the Vyasasamudram tank

34 Kotagal branch of the Papaghni

Up to Kotagal tank 17 to 18 miles The catchment above Kotagal tank is comparatively small and unimportant with numerous small tanks already on it

35 Tippasamudram tank (Madras) catchment

The Marasanpalli-Digavakote stream up to Digavakote-Pathacheruvu tank; and the Marasanpalli-Gudedu stream up to Gudedu tank

9½ miles

13 miles

These are the only two important streams on this catchment, and above these terminal tanks there are a large number of small tanks on the small drainages. These terminal tanks are only situated from 4 to 5 miles from the watershed of the Palar

36 Rangasamudram tank (Madras) catchment

Adgal stream up to Adgal-Vasantanayakankere tank

6½ miles The Adgal tank is situated 6 miles from the watershed, and there are numerous tanks in this distance

Kurigepalli branch stream up to the Kurigepalli tank

4½ miles The Kurigepalli tank is only 4 miles from the watershed, and there are some 18 small tanks above it

186

VIII Palar river 37 Nangli (Mysore) tank drainage

Main stream up to its source 17½ miles There are 12 Mysore tanks situated on this main stream

38 Shettikal (Mysore) tank drainage

-Do- 10 miles There are about 5 existing Mysore tanks and 1 breached tank on this main stream

39 Malinayakanhalli (Mysore) drainage

-Do- 6½ miles There are 4 existing Mysore tanks on this main stream

40 Vegmadgu (Mysore) drainage

-Do- 7 miles There are 4 existing Mysore tanks on this main stream

41 Tailur tank (Mysore) drainage

-Do- 23 miles There are 10 Mysore tanks on this important branch of the Palar, the terminal tank being 12½ miles from the frontier

IX Pennar (Ponniar in Madras) or South Pinakini

42 Verushuvavati river Main stream up to Koppa (or Kuppam) tank

16 miles There are 76 tanks above the Koppa tank which is only some 12 miles from the watershed

43 Budikote stream Main stream up to Thimmanyakan-halli tank

21 miles There are 146 tanks above this terminal tank which is only about 12 miles from the watershed

44 Masti catchment The whole area of catchment in Mysore territory

--- About 45.40 square miles in area in which there are 63 tanks in existence

45 Kadgodi drainage Main stream up to its 36 miles source

--- There are 10 Mysore tanks on this main stream now in use, most of them of large size

187

Schedule C

List of works already in progress, and which are to be allowed to be completed, although they would be barred by

the proposed rules for restriction of Mysore operations

Ser

ial N

umbe

rs in

S

ched

ule

A

Main river Drainage

Ser

ial n

umbe

r of

st

ream

or

catc

hmen

t in

Sch

edul

e B

Name of work in progress

Dat

e on

whi

ch

wor

k w

as

sanc

tione

d

Am

ount

of

estim

ates

in r

upee

s

Exp

endi

ture

in

curr

ed to

end

of

M

arch

189

1

Descriptive Remarks

I II III

Tungabhadra Tunga Bhadra

--- --- ---

--- --- ---

--- --- ---

--- --- ---

--- --- ---

No works in progress on these catchments which are affected by the proposed rules submitted to Madras

IV Hagari or Vedavati 17 Restoration the Arsikere-Hampaiyandurga tank

May 1889 4,362 --- The estimate provides for raising the weirs by 2 feet and increasing capacity from 107 to 163 units. Work in abeyance owing to objection raised by Madras Government. But it is not intended to irrigate more than the area of land (189 acres) assessed as wet by the revenue survey

17 Restoration of the Arsikere-Gujjarappankere tank

-Do- 3,582 --- The estimate provides for raising the weir by 1 foot and to increase the capacity from 149 to 186 units. The raising of the weirs by

188

1 foot will not do more than compensate for the silting up of the bed for years

V Pennar or Northern Pinakini

Main Stream New reservoir (Srinivasasagara) across the river near Kothagara-halli

July 1888 99,206 66,696 This new masonry dam with earthen bund on flanks is two thirds completed. No Madras works affected. The capacity of the tank will be 610 units and it is intended to irrigate 800 or more acres. This work is referred to by Colonel H Smalley, R.E., in his No. 674, dated 10th June 1890, to Chief Engineer for Irrigation, Madras

28 Restoration and improvement of Myala tank

Sep. 1887 Dec. 1889

(Original estimate) 14,452

(Revised estimate) 17,168

13,130 The capacity was increased from 95 units to 318 units, and the work is nearing completion. This tank is on the Hindupur (Madras) tank catchment, but only has a catchment of 38.80 square miles of its own

28 Raising the weirs of the Mahamaleswara tank

Sep. 1890 3,165 865 This is a small tank above the Myola noted above. The estimate provides for increasing the capacity of the tank from 62 to 102 units. The former capacity having proved insufficient to irrigate the 198 acres of assessed wet lands. No increased area of irrigation is provided for. The total catchment above this tank is only 3 square miles.

189

28 Restoring the Manivala tank

Feb. 1889 4,094 2,860 The tank weir is to be raised 2 feet, and capacity increased from 139 to 211 units, but only in order to impound sufficient water to irrigate the tanks original atchkat of 350 acres

VI Chitravati Main Stream New reservoir (Ramasamudram) near Periya-sandra

May 1888 75,077 51,824 This reservoir is noticed by Colonel H Smalley, R.E., in his No. 674, dated 10th June 1890, to Chief Engineer for Irrigation. It is to have a capacity of 1,207 units to irrigate 1,200 acres. The catchment area above the tank is 47.61 square miles

30 Restoration of the Malsandra Raovar tank

Dec. 1888 4,742 4,724 Weirs of the tank were raised 2 feed, increasing the capacity from 105 units to 159 units. It is not intended to increase the area originally irrigated, 258 acres. The capacity of the tank is even now insufficient unless the tank fills 1½ times in the year. Work is nearly completed

VII Papaghni river Main stream New reservoir (Vengatesasagara) near Devaganhalli

June 1888 60,985 28,423 This work is noticed by Colonel H Smalley, R.E., in his No. 674, dated 10th June 1890, to Chief Engineer for Irrigation. The tank will impound 517 units as designed, and will perhaps irrigate 750 acres if it fills 1½ times. The catchment above the tank is 61 square miles.

190

-Do- Restoring the Buradagunte anicut, channel and tank

Dec. 1888 25,575 17,350 This work consists in (1) building a masonry anicut with the usual earth flank bunds across the main stream, (2) restoring the old channel there from and (3) restoring the Buradagunte Timmasani tank and increasing its capacity from 111 units to 167 units. This project is also noticed by Colonel Smalley in his report No. 674 dated 10th June 1890

Restoring the Timmanayakanhalli Agrahar Tank

Aug. 1888 16,776 13,234 Noticed also in Colonel Smalley’s letter above quoted. This is a restoration of an old breached tank 26 miles up the main stream and 2 miles above the Chintamani Begerhalli road. The tank is to impound 240 units and irrigates 250 acres as against its original atchkat (Irrigable area) of 330 acres as per revenue survey maps. Work is nearing completion

35 Restoring Kotekallur tank

April 1888 6,564 5,690 This project consists in the restoration of a tank which breached in 1874, and for increasing its capacity from 25 to 80 units. It is 6 miles from the frontier on the Tippasamudram (Madras) tank catchment

191

VIII Palar river 37 Restoring the Byatnur Nagavara tank

Sep. 1888 14,300 8,102 This is the terminal tank of the series. The capacity being increased from 152 to 320 units, it is only intended to irrigate the original area of 365 acres included in the atchkat

37 Restoring Marandhalli tank

Mar. 1886 Revised

estimate in July 1888

5,345 5,254 The project provides for raising the weirs 3 feet and increasing the capacity from 121 to 186 units, to irrigate perhaps 250 acres. Work is nearing completion

41 Restoring Jagalkashti Dodkere tank

April 1888 Revised estimate in Jan. 1890

7,246 7,210 Project provides for raising the weirs 3 feet and increasing the capacity from 50 to 107 units. Work is nearly completed. No Madras works affected

IX Pennar (Ponniar in Madras) or Southern Pinakini

Main Stream Restoring Bhadram tank

April 1888 21,689 15,033 The project provides for raising the weirs of this tank by 3 feet and increasing the capacity from 701 units to 1,225 units. This work to the tank itself is nearly completed and only channels have now to be extended

44 Restoration of Sante-halli tank

Nov. 1889 7,480 4,076 This tank is in the Masti catchment. The weirs are to be raised 3 feet and capacity increased from 93 to 154 units. No Madras works are affected

192

APPENDIX - B

MYSORE-MADRAS CAUVERY AGREEMENT 1924

On the 18th February, 1924, an agreement was executed on behalf at the

Government of Madras and the Mysore Durbar which finally settled the

longstanding dispute relating to the utilization of the waters of the River Cauvery

in Madras and Mysore respectively. This agreement has just been ratified by the

right honorable the secretary of State. The history of this dispute is well known.

In 1913 the question was referred to arbitration but the award given in 1914 was of

a nature which the Government of Madras was unable to accept and they therefore

appealed to the Secretary of State who there upon suspended the award.

Negotiations between the Government of Madras and the Mysore Durbar were

then commenced with a view to an equitable and friendly settlement of the points

at issue. The principal objection, in the interests of this presidency to the award of

1914 lay in the fact that, although the award provided, in terms of gauge readings

at the Cauvery Dam (Upper Anicut) for the supplies which were assumed by the

Arbitrator to represent the established rights of Madras in regard to existing

irrigation in the Cauvery delta, it afforded inadequate protection to Madras in

respect of the surplus waters of the river and of future extensions of irrigation.

These negotiations were conducted on behalf of Madras by the Chief Engineer for

irrigation Mr. J.J. Howley, C.S.I. and Sir Thomas Ward. The Inspector General of

Irrigation was consulted from time to time who visited this presidency in this

connection. From the date of the award, further gauging of the supply available in

the river in each month of the year and of the discharges represented by gauge

readings at the Cauvery dam were continuously maintained and registered, and on

the basis of these observations and of calculations based on the more exact data

which thus became available, the first stage in the settlement was reached in 1921,

when, after very careful and prolonged study of the later results by the late

Colonel Morin, who was then Chief Engineer for Irrigation, and Mr. F.E. Morgan,

193

the Assistant Chief Engineer for Irrigation, the first step in the final settlement was

taken in July, 1921 when rules limiting the impounding in the Krishnarajasagara

reading to be maintained at the Cauvery dam and the limitation of extension of

irrigated area in Mysore were agreed to by both sides. During the course of the

subsequent negotiations however, the Mysore Durbar claimed the right to prohibit

any further extension of Irrigation under the river Cauvery or its tributaries in

Madras, whether by improvement of duty or otherwise, to prohibit the

construction of any reservoir on any tributary of the Cauvery in Madras territory,

and to limit the effective capacity of the Madras Cauvery reservoir at Mettur to

82,000 m.c.ft. This Government was unable to accept these restrictions, which

would have seriously affected irrigation facilities in Madras for fifty years at least,

and further negotiations took place. The matter was discussed at meetings which

took place in Mysore and Ootacamund during June and July 1922 between the

members then in charge of the irrigation portfolio, Sir. K. Srinivasa Ayyangar, and

the Dewan of Mysore. No conclusions were however arrived at. Subsequently

several tentative draft agreements were framed and in April, 1923 a further

discussion took place at Bangalore between Sir. Charles to Hunter and the Hon’ble

Mr. C.P. Ramaswami Ayyar, the Dewan of Mysore, at which were present

Mr. Narasimha Ayyangar the under Secretary to the Government of Madras

(Irrigation) and Cadambi, the Special Officer, Krishnarajasagara works. In June

1923, the Hon’ble Mr. C.P. Ramaswami Ayyar discussed the matter in detail with

the Government of India. In September and November 1923 further conferences

were held in Bangalore and Madras between Mr. A.V. Ramalinga Ayyar, Chief

Engineer, assisted by Mr. Narasimha Ayyangar, the Under Secretary, and the

Mysore Engineers. During this period the assistance of Mr. Gebbie, the

Consulting Engineer to the Government of India was obtained, and he attended the

September Conference. The Mysore authorities, however, found themselves

unable to modify their claims already referred to and their position was maintained

unaltered until February last when at a final meeting between the representatives

194

in Bangalore, at which Mr. Gebbie, the Consulting Engineer to the Government of

India, was present an amicable agreement was arrived at. Under this agreement,

which was executed on the 18th February, the terms of the agreement of July, 1921

were confirmed the limit of effective capacity of the proposed Madras reservoir

was raised to 93.500 m.c.ft., the right to construct new irrigation works on the

tributaries of the Cauvery in Madras was preserved, and also the right of the

Government of Madras to extend irrigation. During the course of these prolonged

negotiations, this Government in addition to the opinions of their own professional

advisers have had the advantage of the advice and assistance of the Government of

India Irrigation experts and further, before the final settlement was effected they

also consulted the late Chief Engineer for Irrigation Mr. W.J.J. Howley, C.S.I.

whose high professional qualifications and long experience of the case were of the

greatest value.

A most important factor in the case was the effect of any agreement which

might be arrived at, on existing interests and rights in the Cauvery delta including

French territory. These interests were necessarily regarded as a first charge on any

arrangement that might be made. The various representations made by Tanjore

Mirasidars and other interested parties, were most carefully studied and

considered. The advantage which will accrue to this area as the effect of the

proposed storage reservoir in affording a regular and reliable supply independent

of seasonal conditions, cannot be over estimated, while, pending the completion of

the reservoir, the area is fully safe guarded by the limitation of the permissible

storage in Mysore which was also definitely pressed for as necessary to safeguard

the rights of Tanjore and Trichinopoly ryots and so as to allow of further

extension.

This Government has further agreed with the Mysore Durbar that Mysore

shall utilize the water power available at metadata for the development of electric

195

power, subject to the right of Madras to purchase power from this source if

required, at a concessional rate. In view of the very large sources of power which

are available in this presidency, it is doubtful whether power from metadata will

be required. The agreement is a most satisfactory termination of this prolonged

dispute as while it affords complete protection of existing irrigation, it also enables

the Madras Government to proceed with their reservoir at Mettur as soon as the

Secretary of State has sanctioned the project, and to effect a considerable

extension of irrigated area.

P. HAWKINS, Joint Secretary to Government,

Public Works Department (Irrigation)

196

AGREEMENT

1. WHEREAS by an agreement dated 18th February, 1892, commonly known

and cited as the 1892 agreement, entered into between the Government of

His Highness the Maharaja of Mysore, hereinafter referred to as the Mysore

Government and the Government of Madras hereinafter referred to as the

Madras Government certain rules and schedules defining the limits within

which the new irrigation work are to be constructed by the Mysore

Government without previous reference to the Madras Government were

framed and agreed to, and

2. WHEREAS under Clause III of the said agreement the Mysore Government

asked for the consent of the Madras Government to the construction of a

dam and a reservoir across and on the river Cauvery at Kannambadi now

known as the Krishnarajasagara dam and reservoir and

3. WHEREAS a dispute arose as to the terms under which the Mysore

Government were to construct the dam in the manner and form proposed by

them, and

4. WHEREAS such dispute was referred to the arbitration of Sir. H.D. Griffin

who gave an award in the year 1914 as to the terms and conditions under

which the Madras Government should consent to the construction of the

said dam and reservoir and

5. WHEREAS the Madras Government after the said award of the said

arbitrator was ratified by the Government of India, appealed to the

Secretary of State for India who re-opened the question, and

6. WHEREAS there upon the Mysore Government and the Madras

Government with a view to an amicable settlement of the dispute entered

into negotiations with each other, and

7. WHEREAS as a result of such negotiations, certain rules of the

Krishnarajasagara Reservoir were framed and agreed to by the Chief

197

engineers of the Mysore and Madras Governments on the 26th day of July

of the year 1921, such Rules of Regulation forming Annexure I to this

agreement, and

8. WHEREAS thereafter the technical officers of the two Governments have

met in conference and examined the question of extension of irrigation in

their respective territories with a view to reaching an amicable arrangement,

and

9. WHEREAS as a result of such examination and conference by the technical

officers of the two Governments, certain points with respect to such

extension were agreed to respectively by the Chief Engineer for Irrigation,

Madras and the Special Officer, Krishnarajasagara works at Bangalore, on

the 14th day of September, 1923, such points forming Annexure III to this

agreement Rules of regulation of the agreement 1924.

10. Now these presents witness that the Mysore Government and the Madras

Government do hereby agree and bind themselves, their successors and

representatives as follows:

(i) The Mysore Government shall be entitled to construct and the Madras

Government do hereby assent under Clause III of the 1892 Agreement to

the Mysore Government constructing a dam and a reservoir across and on

the River Cauvery at Kannambadi, now known as the Krishnarajasagara,

such dam and reservoir to be of a storage capacity of not higher than 112

feet above the sill of the under sluices now in existence corresponding to

124 feet of the dam, and to be of the effective capacity of 44,827 m.c.ft.,

measured from the sill of the irrigation sluices constructed at 60 feet level

above the river up to the maximum height of 124 feet above the bed of the

river, the level of the bed of the river before the construction of the

reservoir being taken as 12 feet blow the sill level of the existing under-

sluices, and such dam and reservoir to be in all respects as described in

schedule forming Annexure II to this agreement.

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(ii) The Mysore Government on their part hereby agree to regulate the

discharge through and from the said reservoir strictly in accordance with

the rules of regulation set forth in the Annexure I, which Rules of

Regulation shall be and form part of this agreement.

(iii) The Mysore Government hereby agree to furnish to the Madras

Government with in two years from the date of the present agreement,

dimensioned plans of Anicuts and sluices or open heads at the off-takes of

all existing irrigation channels having their source in the rivers Cauvery,

Lakshmanathirtha and Hemavathi, showing hereon in a distinctive colour

all alterations that have been made subsequent to the year 1910, and further

to furnish maps similarly showing the location of the areas irrigated by the

said channels prior to or in the year 1910.

(iv) The Mysore Government on their part shall be at liberty to carry out future

extensions of irrigation in Mysore under the Cauvery and its tributaries to

an extent now fixed at 110.000 acres. This extent of new irrigation of

110.000 acres shall be in addition to and irrespective of the extent of

irrigation permissible under the rules of regulation forming Annexure I to

this agreement, viz., 125,000 acres plus the extension permissible under

each of the existing channels to the extent of one-third of the area actually

irrigated under such channel in or prior to 1910.

(v) The Madras Government on their part agrees to limit the new area of

irrigation under their Cauvery-Mettur project to 30,100 acres and the

capacity of the new reservoir at Mettur, above the lowest irrigation sluice,

to ninety-three thousand five hundred million cubic feet.

Provided that should scour sluices constructed in the dam at a lower

level than the irrigation sluice, the dates on which such scouring sluices are

opened shall be communication to the Mysore Government.

(vi) The Mysore Government and the Madras Government agree with reference

to the provisions of Clauses (iv) and (v) preceding, that each Government

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shall arrange to supply the other as soon after the close of each official or

calendar year, as may be convenient, with returns of the areas newly

brought under irrigation, and with the average monthly discharges at the

main canal heads, as soon after the close of each month as may be

convenient.

(vii) The Mysore Government on their part agree that extensions of irrigation in

Mysore as specified in Clause (iv) above shall be carried out only by means

of reservoirs constructed on the Cauvery and tributaries mentioned in

Schedule A of the 1892 agreement. Such reservoirs may be of an effective

capacity of 45,000 m.c.ft. in the aggregate and the impounding there in

shall be so regulated as not to make any material diminution in supplies

connoted by the gauges Sagara forming Annexure I to this agreement, it

being understand that that rules for working such reservoirs shall be so

framed as to reduce to within 5 percent any loss during any impounding

period, by the adoption of suitable proportion factors, impounding formula

or such other means as may be settled at the time.

(viii) The Mysore Government further agree that full participants and details of

such reservoir schemes and of the impounding therein, shall be furnished to

the Madras Government to enable them to satisfy themselves that the

conditions in Clause (vii) above will be fulfilled should there arise any

difference of opinion between the Madras and Mysore Governments as to

whether the said conditions are fulfilled in regard to any such scheme or

schemes. Both the Madras and Mysore Governments agree that such

difference shall be settled in the manner provided in Clause (xv) below.

(ix) The Mysore Government and the Madras Government agree that the

reserve storage for power generation purposes now provided in the

Kirshnarajasagara may be utilized by the Mysore Government according to

their convenience from any other reservoir hereafter to be constructed, and

the storage thus released from the Krishnarajasagara may be utilized for

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new irrigation within the extent of 1,10,000 acres provided for in Clause

(iv) above.

(x) Should the Mysore Government so decide to release the reserve storage for

power generation purposes from the Krishnarajasagara, the working table

for the new reservoir from which the power water will then be utilized shall

be framed after taking into consideration the conditions specified in Clause

(vii) above and the altered conditions of irrigation under the

Krishnarajasagara.

(xi) The Mysore Government and the Madras Government further agree that the

limitations and arrangements embodied in Clauses (iv) to (viii) supra shall,

at the expiry of fifty years from the date of execution of these presents, be

open to reconsideration in the light of the experience gained and of an

examination of the possibilities of the further extension of irrigation within

the territories of the respective Governments and to such modifications and

additions as may be mutually agreed upon as the result of such

reconsideration.

(xii) The Madras Government and Mysore Government further agree that the

limits of extension of irrigation specified in Clauses (iv) and (v) above shall

not preclude extensions of irrigation effected solely by improvement of

duty, without any increase of the quantity of water used.

(xiii) Nothing herein agreed to or contained shall be deemed to qualify or limit in

any manner the operation of the 1892 agreement in regard to matters other

then those to which this agreement relates or to affect the rights of the

Mysore Government to construct new irrigation works on the tributaries of

the Cauvery in Mysore not included in Schedule A of the 1892 agreement.

(xiv) The Madras Government shall be at liberty to construct new irrigation

works on the tributaries of the Cauvery in Madras and, should the Madras

Government construct, on the Bhavani, Amaravathi or Noyyal rivers in

Madras, any new storage reservoir, the Mysore Government shall be at

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liberty to construct, as an off-set, a storage reservoir, in addition to those

referred to in Clause (vii) of this agreement on one of the tributaries of the

Cauvery in Mysore, of capacity not exceeding 60 percent of the new

reservoir in Madras: Provided that the impounding in such reservoirs shall

not diminish or effect in any way the supplies to which the Madras

Government and the Mysore Government respectively are entitled under

this agreement, or the division of surplus water which, it is anticipated, will

be available for division on the termination of this agreement as provided in

Clause (xi).

(xv) The Madras Government and the Mysore Government hereby agree that, if

at any time there should arise any dispute between the Madras Government

and the Mysore Government touching the interpretation or operation or

carrying out of this agreement, such dispute shall be referred for settlement

to arbitration, or if the parties so agree shall be submitted to the

Government of India.

18th February, 1924 P. Hawkins Secretary to Government,

Public Works Department, Madras

18th February, 1924 A.R. BANERJI Dewan of Mysore

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ANNEXURE I

RULES OF REGULATION OF THE KRISHNARAJASAGARA --

RESERVOIR UNDER CONSTRUCTION ON THE CAUVERY IN THE

MYSORE TERRITORY

Preamble

The following rules of regulation of the Krishnarajasagara (formerly known

and referred to, in the rules of regulation previously in force, as the Kannambadi

reservoir) shall supersede in to those forming part of the award, dated 21st April,

1914, on term of reference 3(a) given by the arbitrator appointed by the

Government of India to arbitrate between the Madras and the Mysore

Governments on the question of the storage of the water of the River Cauvery

within Mysore territory. The rules, with the exception of No. 1 to 9 inclusive, 10

(except in so far as it relates to kn), 11, 12, 14 (ii), 15 to 17 inclusive 22, 23, 26 (i),

(iii) and (v) 27 to 30 inclusive and 32, shall be subject to amendment as may be

desirable, subject to the conditions below:

(a) The rules may be altered tentatively for one or two years, by agreement of

both parties.

(b) At the end of the tentative period the amended rules may be confirmed by

the consent of both parties.

(c) Subject to conditions (a) and (b) above, amendment of any rule shall not be

a bar to further amendment or reversion to the original rules by consent to

both parties.

Rules of Regulation, General

1. The carrying out of these rules of regulation shall in so far as they relate to

the regulations of the Krishnarajasagara, be the duty of a controlling officer

appointed by the Government of Mysore, and of a sub-ordinate staff

working under his order.

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2. The only discretion to be exercised by the controlling officer, in operating

the rules of regulation shall be as to the means by which the water to be

passed from the reservoir to the river shall be passed and such discretion

shall be exercised in general accordance with the instructions of the Mysore

Government.

3. The curves of discharge of all gauging places in the Mysore State shall be

verified by gauging at intervals of three years. Cross-sections of the rivers

at the gauging sites shall be taken twice a year, in the first fortnight in June

and in the first fortnight of October. If a cross-section taken in June, at any

gauging site, indicates a marked change in cross-sectional area, gauge for

gauge, joint gauging shall be made at once, on the request of either party to

verify the discharge curve for the station. Any modification in the curve,

found necessary, shall not however, be applied to regulation for the year in

which the gauging are made.

4. The verification of curves of discharge referred to in Rule 3 above shall be

made jointly by Mysore and Madras: and if such verification shows that

modification is necessary such modification shall be made with mutual

agreement.

5. All formulae and co-efficient in such formulae of discharge referred to in

the rules, shall be subject to revision by mutual agreement.

6. All quantities and readings at gauge to be telegraphed in accordance with

these rules shall be expressed in words.

II. Limit Gauges and Discharges at the Upper Anicut

7. The minimum flow of the Cauvery that must be ensured at the Upper

Anicut before any impounding is made in the Krishnarajasagara, as

connected by the readings of the Cauvery dam north gauge, shall be

follows:

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Month Readings of the Cauvery Dam North Gauge

June Six and a half feet

July and August Seven and a half feet

September Seven feet

October Six and a half feet

November Six feet

December Three and a half feet

January Three feet

8. The discharge connoted by the gauge readings set froth in Rule 7 shall, in

the case of regulation during the irrigation season (vide Rule 9) of 1921, be

deduced from the joint gauging of the Cauvery Dam made in the four years

ending 1920. The said discharges shall be revised, if necessary after

completion of the joint gauging of 1921 and shall be used for the purpose of

regulation for the given years ending 1926. The said discharges shall be

finally revised and adopted for all subsequent regulation, at the conclusion

of the joint gauging of the year 1926, on the basis of the joint gauging of

the ten years ending 1926.

9. The south-west monsoon shall for the purpose of these rules be considered

to extend from the 1st June to the 30th September, both days inclusive, and

the north-east monsoon from the 1st October to the 31st January, both days

inclusive. All dates in this rule shall have reference to the upper Anicut.

III. Improving formula

10. Impounding in the Krishnarajasagara during the irrigation season shall be

regulated in accordance with following formula

CP

I K n −=

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where, I = Quantity that may be impounded

Kn = Inflow at Krishnarajasagara, that is the measured flow at the three

‘standard’ gauging stations at Chucnchinkatle on the Cauvery, Akkihebbal

on the Hemavathi, and Unduvadi on the Lakshmanathirtha, to which shall

be added allowances for

(i) The yield from the catchment between the ‘standard’ gauging stations and

the Krishnarajasagara calculated in accordance with paragraphs 61 and 62

of Colonel Ellis’s Manual of Irrigation (1920 edition) less the quantity of

water required for tank irrigation in the tract in question. In the catchment,

the discharges of the major streams shall be deduced, if feasible, from

gauge readings by mutual agreement. The duty of water for the areas

irrigated under lake shall be taken as 40.

(ii) The drainage from the anicuts of channels which drain back into the rivers

below the ‘standard’ gauging stations, the quantity in cases of such

drainage for a particular channel being taken to be S/16 of the area irrigated

in acres divided by 40.

C = flow (connoted by the gauge reading for the particular month concerned

given in rule 7 above. The month at Krishnarajasagara corresponding to

that at the Upper Anicut is to be taken as commencing and ending four days

earlier than at the Upper Anicut.

P = The proportion which the natural flow in the Cauvery at the Krishnarajasagara

bears to the corresponding natural flow at the Upper Anicut.

I, Kn and C to be expressed in the same units.

11. (i) Until the 31st January 1927 the values of ‘p’ in the formula in rule 10

shall be taken as 625 during the south-west monsoon and 300 during the

north-east monsoon.

(ii) An examination of the effect of impounding in the Krishanarajasagara on

the supplies realized at the upper Anicut shall be made in the form and in

accordance with the instructions given in Part II of the Appendix to these

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rules for each of the ten years ending with the irrigation season of 1926-27

to see whether the tentative factors of 625 and 300, provided in Part (i) of

this rule should be permanently adopted or whether they should be

increased (vide instructions 25 and 26 of Part II of the Appendix). For the

five irrigation seasons ending 1921-22 the average discharge curve of the

year concerned shall be used. For the months for which it is found

necessary, from the examination referred to above to increase the values of

‘p,’ such values shall be finally adopted and brought into use in lieu of

those in Part (i) of this rule at the beginning of the irrigation season 1927-

28 for months when no increase in the value of ‘o’ is found to be necessary,

the values given in Part (i) of this rule shall be finally retained and brought

into use for the beginning of the same irrigation season.

12. (i) The whole flow of the river at Krishnarajasagara may be impounded in

the reservoir from the 28th January to the 27th of May, both days inclusive

but issues from the reservoir shall be made when necessary to maintain not

less than 900 cusecs below Sivasamudram Anicut.

(ii) Until the dam is completed to a height admitting of F.R.L. 98 feet above sill

level of the existing low level sluices in the dam or until the 28th May 1931,

which ever date is the earlier, as an alternative to Part (1) of this rule

impounding from the 28th January to the 24th February both days inclusive,

shall be in accordance with Rules 7, 10 and 11 as far as they relate to the

month of January, measurement being made at the Krishnarajasagara; and

from the 25th February to the 27th May, both days inclusive, the whole flow

at the Krishnarajasagara may be impounded, subject to a flow of 750 cusecs

being maintained below Sivasamudram Anicut. The Mysore Durbar may at

any time before the year 1931 elect to regulate their reservoir as provided in

Part (i) of this Rule, subject to notice being given to the Government of

Madras before the 31st December of the year proceeding that in which the

Rule will come into operation. In the event of the Mysore Durbar electing

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to regulate in accordance with part (i) of this rule no change shall be made

thereafter.

IV. Gauge Reading and Inflow Computations

13. (i) The standard gauges at the gauging stations on the three rivers above

the Krishnarajasagara and the gauging station below the same shall be read

three times daily, that is 6 am noon and 6 pm.

(ii) All gauge readings shall be telephoned immediately after reading to the

controlling officer at the Krishnarajasagara.

14 (i) The computation of the inflow into the Krishnarajasagara shall be made

by the said controlling officer from the electric water level records of the

three rivers above the Krishnarajasagara with due allowance for the yield

from the intermediate catchment, such allowances being made as provided

in Rule 10. In the event of an electric recorder differing from the

telephoned gauge readings, the latter shall be adopted for computing the

inflow for the time being.

(ii) Until the 27th May, 1923 the discharges at the standard gauging stations

shall be computed from the average curves based on the discharge

observations of the four years 1915-18. For the irrigation seasons 1923-24

to 1927-28, inclusive, the discharges at the standard gauging stations shall

be computed on the previous season’s curves. For irrigation seasons

subsequent to that of 1927-28, the discharges at the standard gauging

stations shall be computed on the latest annual curves available.

(iii) In the event of an electric recorder differing from the telephoned gauge

readings, the Controlling Officer shall, as soon as possible proceed to the

gauging station, check and, if possible, rectify the electric recorder. If the

mechanical record is found to differ from the telephoned gauge readings

and the mechanical recorder is registering accurately, a correction shall be

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made in the tentative inflow recorded in the regulation register in

accordance with the mechanical record.

(iv) In the event of both recorders breaking down, the telephoned gauge

readings shall be the basis of computation.

V. Allowance for Extension of Irrigation in Mysore after the Year 1910

15. The area to which Mysore is entitled to extend irrigation, without passing

compensation water to Madras, by improvement of duty in canals or

channels, in existence prior in the year 1910, taking off from the following

rivers in Mysore

(i) The Hemavathi

(ii) The Lakshmanathirtha

(iii) The Cauvery (above and below the reservoir)

Shall be limited to 1/3 of the existing area prior to the year 1910, the

extension under each channel being considered separately.

16. In lieu of 9,724 acres of old irrigation to be submerged by the

Krishnarajasagara with F.R.C at 118 feet above bed of river or 106 feet

above the sill of the low level sluices now in existence. Mysore should be

entitled to extend irrigation to an area of 12,500 acres, without passing

compensation water to Madras, under canals or channels taking off from

the Hemavathi, the Lakshmanathirtha or the Cauvery, constructed

subsequent to the year 1910 and above the Krishnarajasagara. In the event

of the Krishanarajasagara being constructed of such a capacity as to

submerge less than 9,274 acres, the permissible extension shall be reduced

according to the area actually submerged and in the ratio of 12,500 to 9,274

and when a larger area is submerged owing to the capacity of the reservoir

being increased to 44,827 millions cubic feet (F.R.C 124 feet above bed of

river or 112 feet above the still of the low level studies now in existence)

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the permissible extension shall be similarly increased in the same

proportion on such larger area as may be actually submerged.

17. The quantity of water in cusecs due to Madras as compensation for water

utilized by Mysore for the area in the excess of that provided in rules 15

and 16 shall be calculated by dividing such excess area irrigated by 40.

VI. Computation of issues

18. The quantity of water to be passed to Madras shall be computed every 12

hours from the records of inflow of the previous 12 hours.

19. (i) For the purpose of orders for the regulation of the sluice shutters the

quantities of water to be passed through the sluices shall be computed by

the application of the formula

D = C.A. gh2

D = Discharge in Cusecs

C = Co-efficient

A = Height of shuffler raised, multiplied by width of vent, both in feet

g = 32

h = effective head feet

(iii) Joint observations shall be made annually to determine the value of C until

values covering the whole range of water level in the Krishnarajasagara

have been determined by mutual agreement.

(iv) A suitable formula arrived at by mutual agreement for the discharge over

the waste weir shall also be applied when details are known.

20. The quantity of water actually passed down should be verified by observation

between the Krishanarajasagara and the Chikdevaroysagara Anicut. The

means of such verification shall be decided on by mutual agreement.

VII. Hot Weather Computation of Issues from the Krishnarajasagara

21. From the 28th January to the 27th May, both days inclusive, when Rule 12(i)

is in operation, or from the 25th February to the 27th May, both days

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inclusive, when Rule 12 (ii) is in operation, the Controlling Officer shall

receive information from Sivasamudram at least twice daily of the flow

during the previous 12 hours at Sivasamudram Anicut and shall by

occasional visits verify the same.

22. The quantity to be issued from the Krishnarajasagara shall be such quantity

as will ensure the passing of Sivasamudram Anicut of the quantity provided

for in Rule 12.

VIII. Regulation Register

23. All regulation calculations and computations provided in any of the

previous rules shall be recorded in a register called the ‘regulation register’

and the orders for regulations which result from the computation shall also

be recorded under the signature of the controlling officer.

IX. Regulations

24. Regulations of sluices shall be made at twelve-hourly intervals, the times of

commencement and completion of regulations being entered in the

regulation registry.

25. The controlling officer shall satisfy himself personally when the sluices are

finally adjusted that the regulation has been accurately carried out in

accordance with recorded orders and certify that he has done so in the

‘regulation register’ under extraordinary circumstances only shall be sluices

be manipulated other than at 12 hour intervals and in such cases full

information regarding the reasons and necessity for this and the nature of

the intermediate regulation shall at once be communicated by the

controlling officer to each Government.

26.(i) Any deficit or excess in quantity due to Madras indicated by the

verification provided in Rule 20 or by the water level in the reservoir shall

be adjusted in the next period of regulation.

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(ii) Issue from the reservoir in excess of that computed as due to Madras may

be recouped by Mysore by subsequent regulation, if however the over issue

was intentional, such recumbent shall be limited to 20 per cent of the

computed issue due to Madras when the over issue was made, if the

computer correct water level of the reservoir has been higher than the actual

water level for each of the previous eight 12 hourly periods the actual water

level if below the computed correct water level, shall be taken as the correct

water level whether the over issue was intentional or unintentional. The

computed correct water level of the reservoir shall take account of actual

issue for irrigation and losses due to evaporation.

(iii) The rates of evaporation shall be taken as given below until the end of the

irrigation season 1924 – 25

Month Inches per month June 5

July to February 4

March 5

April 7

May 8

After 1924 – 25 the rates for evaporation shall be determined as provided in

instruction no. 7 of Part 1 of Appendix to these Rules. These rates may be revised

for final adoption in 1927 by mutual agreement.

(iv) In computing the issue to be passed to Madras through the under sluices or

over the weir a deduction shall be made from the computed issue due to

Madras of an amount equivalent to 1/8 of the issues to the two existing low

level irrigation channels taking off from the reservoir subject to a maximum

deduction of 25 cusecs. No deduction shall be made from the computed

issue due to Madras for water issued from the reservoir for irrigation other

than that for the channels specified above.

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(v) If the intimation provided for in rule 21 shows that the quantity of water

due to Madras under rule 12 is deficient the regulation shall at once be

altered to ensure the passing at Sivasamudram Anicut of the quantity by

which the flow has been deficient in the previous 12 hours plus the 900 or

750 cusecs, as the case may be, provided for in Rule 12, and each special

regulation shall be entered in the ‘regulation register’ referred to in Rule 23.

X. Discharge at Cauvery Dam during the Year Period Ending 31st

January 1927

27. The exact formula for determining the discharge through the upper Anicut

shall be as specified in instruction 18 of the Appendix to these Rules.

28. All regulation operations at the Upper Anicut and all data for calculating

the discharge through the Upper Anicut sluices and also all gauge readings

at the Cauvery dam shall be recorded daily in a register under the signature

of a responsible officer.

XI. Inspection of Records by Mysore-Madras Government

29. The controlling officer at the Krishnarajasagara shall afford every facility

for inspection of his registers, books, calculations, Records of regulation

and actual method of regulation and gauge readings and discharge

measurements and for testing of instruments in his charge to any officer of

the Madras Government appointed and authorised by that Government to

make such inspection or tests on their behalf. The said controlling officer

and duly accredited inspecting officer shall have full use of telephones,

telegraphs or other means of communication installed in connection with

the works.

30. The responsible Officer at the Upper Anicut referred to in Rule 29 shall afford

the same facilities for inspection and testing up to the end of the irrigation

season of 1926-27 as those provided for in Rule 29, to any Officer of the

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Mysore Government appointed and authorised by that Government to make

such inspection or tests on their behalf.

XII. Miscellaneous

31. The Controlling Officer at Krishnarajasagara shall make the following

returns to each Government.

(a) By fast mail daily a copy of the entries made each day in the ‘Regulation

register’ referred to in rules 23 to 26.

(b) By telegram daily or at such intervals as may be agreed on the quantity of

inflow into and issue from the Krishnarajasagara during the previous 24

hours or during such intervals as may be agreed upon.

32. From the 1st June to the 31st January, both days inclusive, up to the 31st

January, 1927 a copy of the entries made each day in the register referred to

in Rule 28 shall be furnished to the controlling officer at the

Krishnarajasagara by the Superintendent in Charge of the Upper Anicut.

33. Photo copies of all diagrams of the self-recording instrument maintained by

each Government shall be forwarded to the other Government monthly.

Such diagrams shall not be required from the Madras Government after the

31st January, 1927.

26th July, 1921 A.H. Morin, Colonel Chief Engineer for Irrigation Madras 26th July, 1921 S. Cadambi,

Chief Engineer, Mysore Public Works Department

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Appendix to the Rules of Regulation

Instructions for the preparation of working tables of (i) Impounding in the

Krishnarajasagara and (ii) Agenda Cauvery discharges for making the examination

referred to in Rule 11, (iii) Of the Rules of Regulation.

The period covered by the working tables and the examinations of the

effect of the Krishnarajasagara on supplies due to Madras at the Upper Anicut

shall be from the 1st June, 1917 to the 31st January, 1927. Of these, the

Krishnarajasagara working tables will be made in sample Form A for each year

during the ten year period and; the Cauvery Dam discharge tables will be made in

sample Form B for only such periods when there is any impounding in the

Krishnarajasagara as shown in sample Form A.

Part I

Krishnarajasagara Working Tables (Vide Sample Form A)

The full effective capacity of the reservoir is to be taken as that connected

by the full reservoir level at 112 feet above sill level of the existing under sluices

(124 feet above bed of the river before the construction of the dam), namely, 44,

827 millions cubic feet. The actual balance as obtained from the previous year’s

working tables or 5,000 millions cubic feet, whichever is the greater, should be

taken as the starting balance on the 28th May of each year. The balance on the 28th

May, 1917 should be that obtained form working tables of the year 1916 or 5,000

millions cubic feet, whichever is the greater and the opening balance on the 28th

May, 1916 should be taken as 5,000 millions cubic feet.

2. Column (1): The twelve-hourly period to be that ending 6 am or pm.

3. Column (2): The flow into the reservoir to be the measured flow at the

three ‘standard’ gauging plus an allowance for the yield from the intermediate

catchment; that is, “kn” in rule 10 of the Rules of Regulation computed from the

readings provided in Rule 13 (i) of the Rules of Regulation. From June 1916 to

June 1922 the curves of discharge for the standard gauging stations above the

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reservoir shall be the average curves based on the discharge observations of the

four years 1915 to 1918. From 1922 to 1926, both years inclusive gauging shall

be made at the three standard gauging stations and the annual discharge curves

obtained shall be used for the years concerned.

4. Column (3): Regulation to be assumed to have been made in

accordance with the Rules of Regulation for the whole period of eleven years and

the quantity that may be impounded so derived to be entered in this column for

each twelve-hourly period, the working tables in this form for 1916 being intended

only for arriving at the starting balance in the reservoir on 28th May, 1917.

The value of C in the impounding formula to be obtained from the curve

used for arriving at the discharge at the Upper Anicut for the respective years --

vide Rule 11 (ii).

5. Column (4) and (5): The average draw off in millions cubic feet for each

twelve-hourly period for irrigation to be taken as follows for entry in columns (4)

and (5):

Monsoon Monsoon Crop Perennial Crop June first half --- 27

June Second half 51.5 27

July to November 51.5 27

December 34.5 27

January, first half 25.7 27

January, second half --- 27

February to end of May --- 27 6. Column (6): The issue for power to those actually recorded but subject

to a minimum of 900 cusecs measured at Sivasamudram during the period 28th

January to 27th May, both days inclusive, and entered in this column.

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7. Column (7): The allowances for evaporation to be determined for each

month by mutual agreement after making joint observations during the three

irrigation seasons ending and including 1924-25, quantities being deduced on the

opening balance of the reservoir every day at 6 am and 6 pm.

8. Column (8): Instruction in heading to be followed.

9. Column (9): Instruction in heading to be followed

10. Column (10): Balance of previous twelve-hourly period plus column

(9) or 44,827 millions cubic feet, whichever is less, to be entered in this column.

11. Column (11): any excess of the algebraic sum of the quantity in Column (9)

and that for the previous twelve-hourly period in Column (10) over 44,827 millions

cubic feet, to be entered in this Column.

12. Column (12): Instruction in the heading to be followed.

26th July, 1921 A.H. Morin, Colonel Chief Engineer for irrigation Madras

26th July, 1921 S. Cadambi, Chief Engineer,

Mysore Public Works Department

Part II

Aghanda Cauvery Discharge Tables (Vide Sample Form B)

13. The examination of the effect of impounding in the Krishnarajasagara to be

made in sample form B. Entries will only be made in this table for actual

impounding periods of six consecutive twelve-hourly periods and overs as

exhibited in sample form A.

14. Column (1): The number to refer to the whole impounding period.

15. Column (2): The entry in this Column to refer only to dates of an

impounding period shown in sample Form A and not to date in

Column (3). For the purpose of this examination the impounding period

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will be taken to include any interval up to and including six twelve-hourly

periods between actual impounding period and the succeeding actual

impounding period as defined in instructions 13 above.

16. Column (3): The date and hour of the first entry of an impounding period

made in this column to be those 24 hours prior to the end of the first

twelve-hourly period of impounding shown in sample Form A. The date

and hour of the last entry of an impounding period to be those 48 hours

after the last twelve-hourly period of impounding shown in sample form A,

as determined by instruction 15 above.

17. Column (4): The time for transmission from the Krishnarajasagara to the

Upper Anicut shall be taken as the average indicated by a comparison of

such peak gauge readings of the Chikdevary Sagar and Upper Anicuts as

are available up to the end of 1921, fractions of twelve-hourly period less

than six hours in the average result being neglected and those greater than

six hours being taken as one twelve-hourly period. Only peak gauges from

half a foot below the limits in Rule 7 of the Rules of Regulation up to 9 feet

in the south-west monsoon and 7½ feet in the north-east monsoon to be

taken into account. Separate average to be deduced for the south-west and

north-east monsoons.

18. Column (5): The total discharge in the Aghanda Cauvery (a) and (b) below

to be calculated from the records of the automatic water level recorder, if

the readings of the gauge made at 6 am noon and 6 pm show the recorder to

have registered accurately, otherwise the reading of the gauges made at 6

am, noon and 6 pm to be used and the discharges averaged for each twelve-

hourly period.

(a) The discharge of the Cauvery shall be that given by the discharge

curves for the Cauvery Dam gauge provided in Rule II (ii) of the Rules of

Regulation.

218

(b) The discharge through the Upper Anicut regulators to be calculated as

laid down in paragraph 13 of Part 11 of Volume III of “Papers reading the

Cauvery Reservoir Project” (Pages 7 and 8) account taken of any intermediate

regulation.

19. Column (6) (a): The quantity to be entered in this column is that due to the

actual rise in the reservoir, as shown from the regulation records, plus the

loss due to evaporation, plus the recorded issue for irrigation after making

the deduction provided for in Rule 26 (iv) of the Rules of Regulation.

Column (6) (b): The quantity to be entered in this column is that due to the

actual fall in the reservoir, as shown from the regulation records. Minus the

recorded issue for irrigation after adding the deduction provided for in Rule 26 (iv)

of the Rules of Regulation.

20. Column (7): A percentage allowance, if decided to be necessary, to be

made for loss in transmission between the Krishnarajasagara and the Upper

Anicut. This allowance to be settled by mutual agreement in June 1926

after further examination of the subject and any joint observations made to

determine it; in the event of disagreement the case to be referred to the

Government of India for final decision.

Figures corresponding to Column (b) (a) will be a plus entry in this Column

and those corresponding to Column (6) (b) a minus entry.

21. Column (8): Instruction in heading to be followed.

22. Column (9): The quantity due to Madras in any twelve-hourly period to be

the whole natural flow of the Akhanda Cauvery or the discharge connected

by the gauge-readings in Rule 7 of the Rules of Regulation obtained from

the discharge curves referred to in Rule 11 (ii) of the Rules of Regulation,

whichever is less.

23. Columns (10) (12), (13) and (14): Instruction in heading to be followed

219

24. Column (11): See Instruction 20 above.

25. The several periods in Column (1) should be sorted out against the several

months showing against each month the percentage of deficit obtained in

Column (14). If the actual impounding period extends over portions of two

months as noted in Column (2), than the resulting percentage in Column

(14) to be counted against both the months.

26. After thus sorting out the periods for all the ten years against the several

months the resulting deficit in excess of 5 percent is to be neglected if it

happens in only one period of examination relating to a particular month. If

it happens in more than one period the proportion factor is to be increased

so as to reduce the number of such deficit periods to one only in any month.

26th July, 1921 A.H. Morin, Colonel

Chief Engineer for Irrigation Madras

26th July, 1921 S. Cadambi, Chief Engineer,

Mysore Public Works Department

220

ANNEXURE II

The construction of a masonry dam and reservoir on the Cauvery river, --

now known as the Krishnarajasagara -- at Kannambadi, 8 miles west of

Seringapatnam north latitude 12° 33′ 20″ and east longitude 76° 37′ 15″. Such

dam and reservoir to be of a storage capacity, not higher than 112 feet above the

sill of the under sluices constructed in the body of the dam across the old

river- bed portion, corresponding to 124 feet above the bed of the river before the

construction of the dam; such reservoir to be at an effective capacity of 44,827

m.c.feet measured from the sill of the irrigation sluices constructed at 60 feet level

above the bed of the river up to the maximum height of 124 feet above the said

bed of the river. (Note that the level of the bed of the river before the construction

of the dam is taken as 12 feet below the sill level of the said under-sluices).

Subject to the above specified modification in regard to the maximum height of

water stored, and the effective capacity, such dam and reservoir to be constructed

in accordance with the design accompanying the project report furnished with the

Dewan of Mysore’s demi-official Letter No. 2311, dated 16th May 1911.

18th February, 1924 P. Hawkins Secretary to Government, Public works Department, Madras

18th February, 1924 A.E. Banerji Dewan of Mysore

221

ANNEXURE III

POINTS AGREED TO AT THE CONFERENCE BETWEEN THE CHIE F

ENGINEER OF THE MADRAS AND MYSORE GOVERNMENT

REGARDING THE CAUVERY DISPUTE

The technical agreement of the Krishnarajasagara, come to in 1921 between

the chief engineer of the two Government, will be taken as finally settled subject

to the alteration in rules 15 and 17 now agreed to as shown in Appendix I, and the

Krishnarajasagara question also settled according to that agreement.

2. The extent of future extension of irrigation in Mysore under the Cauvery

and its attribution mentioned in Schedule a of the 1892 agreement shall be

fixed at 1,10,000 acres, and madras shall have their Cauvery Mettur project

as envisaged in 1921 with their new area of irrigation fixed at 3,01,000

acres, as specified in paragraph II, page 4 of the Project Report (1921)

Volume V.

3. Such extensions of future irrigation in Mysore will be carried out only by means

of reservoirs on the Cauvery and its tributaries mentioned in scheduled A of the

1892 agreement. Such reservoirs may be of an effective capacity of 45.000

millions cubic feet in the aggregate: and the impounding there in shall be so

adjusted as not to make any material diminution of the supplies connoted by the

gauge accepted in the technical agreement for the Krishnarajasagara, it being

understood that the rules for the working of such reservoirs shall be so framed as

to reduce to within 5 per cent, any loss during any adoption of suitable proportion

factors, impounding formula, or other means that may be settled at the time.

4. Full particulars and details of such reservoir schemes shall be furnished to

the Madras Government to enable them to satisfy themselves that the

conditions in paragraph 3 above will be fulfilled. If there arises any

difference of opinion between the Madras and Mysore Government

222

regarding any scheme sent by the Mysore Government, the matter shall be

settled in accordance with Clause IV of the 1982 agreement.

5. The reserve storage for power generation purposes now allowed in the

Krishnarajasagara may be utilized from any other reservoir, according to the

convenience of Mysore: and the storage released from the Krishnarajasagara

may be utilized for irrigation with in the extent of 1,10,000 acres stated above.

In that case, the working tables of the new reservoir from which power water

will be utilized, will be framed after taking into consideration the conditions

specified in paragraph 3 above and the altered conditions of irrigation under

the Krishnarajasagara.

6. It is suggested that the present limitation on regard to the extension of new

irrigation as in paragraph 2 above shall hold good for a period of 50 years.

At the end of that period it may be subject to reconsideration.

14th September, 1923 A.V. Ramalinga Ayyangar, Chief engineer for irrigation, Madras

14th September, 1923 S. Cadambi, Special officer, Krishnarajasagara

223

APPENDIX I

ALTERATION IN RULES 15 AND 17 OF THE TECHNICAL

AGREEMENT OF 1921

Rules 15: After the words the year 1910 at the end of the rule, add the

words the extension under each channel being considered separately.

Rule 17: In line 1 after the words the quantity of water add the words in

cusecs.

18th February, 1924 P. Hawkins Secretary to Government Public Works Departments Madras

18th February, 1924 A.R. Banerji Dewan of Mysore

224

AGREEMENT

Whereas on February 18, 1924 an agreement between the Governments’ of

Mysore and Madras was signed and whereas by Clause 10 (2) of the said

agreement the Mysore Government agreed to regulated the discharge through and

from the Krishnarajasagara reservoir strictly in accordance with the rules of

regulation being Annexure I to the said agreement and

Whereas disputes had arisen between the two Governments’ in regard to

the interpretation, operation and carrying out of rules of regulations and

Whereas both the Governments have submitted the matters in dispute to the

arbitration of the Hon’ble Mr. Justice Page with Messrs. Howlay and Forbes as

assessors.

Now the two Governments’ have agreed in lieu of an award in that behalf

to adopt finally for all regulation subsequent to 1st July, 1929 the following

discharge for the respective months in place of the averages referred to in Clause 8

of Annexure I:

June for 6½ feet gauge 29,800 Cusecs

July and August for 7½ feet gauge 40,100 Cusecs

September for 7 feet gauge 35,000 Cusecs

October for 6½ feet gauge 29,800 Cusecs

November for 6 feet gauge 25,033 Cusecs

December for 3½ feet gauge 8,913 Cusecs

January for 3 feet gauge 6,170 Cusecs

And in Rule 10, defining the impounding formula, c will denote the said

above mentioned discharges.

225

This agreement is without prejudice to the other questions outstanding

between the parties in regard to the clauses of the agreement other than clauses 7

and 8 of the rules of regulation.

17th June, 1929 (sd..) R. Ranga Rao, (sd..) A.G. Leach, Offg. Chief Secretary to the Secretary to the Government, Government of Mysore Public Works and Labour Departments,

Madras

226

ANNEXURE IV

DRAFT PROPOSAL OF THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA OF 1974

It is agreed that optimum use be made of the waters of Cauvery. It is further

agreed that there is scope for effecting economics in the present use of the

Cauvery waters and that maximum possible economics on the present use of

Cauvery waters be effected. Water thus saved shall be used to provide additional

irrigation facilities and meet the needs of domestic and industrial uses. It is

recognized that there is need for integrated operation of the reservoirs in the basin

and for regulation of the release from various reservoirs to ensure optimum

utilization and equitable distribution of the waters. With a view to achieving the

aforesaid objectives it is hereby agreed as under:

1. Cauvery Valley Authority consisting of one Irrigation Engineer of

appropriate status from each on these States, namely, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and

Kerala, as members, and Irrigation Engineer of appropriate States nominated by

the Central Government as Chairman, should be constituted forthwith. The main

functions of this Authority will be as follows.

Collect data regarding availability of water at various points and regulate

available supplies in such way to ensure most equitable distribution of water

amongst the various States. In good years, the water, surplus to the actual needs

based on the present use namely 489 TMC by Tamil Nadu 177 TMC by Karnataka

and 5 TMC by Kerala shall be distributed pro-rata of their figures of the 489 TMC

for Tamil Nadu,177 TMC for Karnataka and 5 TMC for Kerala. The major

reservoirs in the Cauvery basin shall be regulated in an integrated manner with a

view to derive maximum benefits consistent with equitable distribution of water as

indicated above.

227

To scrutinize various schemes for effecting saving in the present use of

waters to be under taken by Tamil Nadu and Karnataka and monitor the progress

of implementation of these schemes in accordance with a phased programme and

assess the actual savings resulting from these schemes from time to time.

Assess the needs of additional area being developed for irrigation from time

to time and ensure that there is minimum gap between the cumulative savings

effected and the additional requirements of areas being newly developed.

The Authority shall taken review of the needs of the areas which are

developed with hitherto, economics effected hereafter, and needs of additional

areas being progressively developed every five years. Final review shall be taken

at the end of 15 years period from now by which time economics to the extent

indicated in Clause 2 below are expected to be realized and additional areas

developed for utilizing the waters saved to the fullest extent. The Authority shall

submit its recommendations on the basis of final review to the three States

Government and Central Government.

As and when the savings effected by Tamil Nadu and Karnataka become

available, the Authority shall apportion them to three State Government in

accordance with the basis given under Clause 2 below.

2. It is agreed that Tamil Nadu shall takes steps to effect saving of 100

TMC from its present use and Karnataka shall take steps to effect a saving of 25

TMC from its present use. The savings shall be effected in a phased manner over

a period of 15 years. The present use in each of the States has been assessed on

the basis of the last five years data ending 1971-72 as follows:

Tamil Nadu - 489 TMC

Karnataka - 177 TMC

Kerala - 5 TMC

Total - 671 TMC

228

The savings above effected shall be distributed on the following basis:

Two TMC each for the three States, for meeting the new industrial and

domestic water supply needs and the balance left, namely, 119 TMC shall be

distributed amongst the three States of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu in

proportion to the reasonable requirements of water for further development of

irrigation, which are assessed as under:

Tamil Nadu - 4 TMC

Karnataka - 138 TMC

Kerala - 53 TMC

Accordingly, the distribution of 125 TMC of the savings shall be as under:

3. Kerala has plans to divert 16 TMC of water from Kabini sub-basin towards

the west by means of Mananthody Project utilizing the waters for irrigation

and hydro-power generation. It was agreed that this will be examined by

the Cauvery Valley Authority as well as the three States Governments after

five years or if mutually agreed upon, even earlier.

4. Scrutiny and acceptance of the Projects proposed by the States concered,

envisaging utilization within limits, as indicated under Clause 2 above,

should not be held up for want of agreement on inter-State aspects.

5. The State Governments shall consider recommendation of the Authority on

the basis of final review at the end of 15 years and shall review the

allocation of the Cauvery waters on the basis of facts and data then

available.

6. The State Governments by mutual agreement shall after the functions of the

Cauvery valley Authority as given in Clause 1 above.

States Industrial

Domestic Water Supply (TMC.ft.)

Irrigation Development

(TMC.ft.) Total (TMC.ft.)

Tamil Nadu 2 2 4 Karnataka 2 85 87 Kerala 2 32 34 Total 6 119 125

229

ANNEXURE V

DRAFT PROPOSAL OF THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA OF 1976

It is agreed that optimum use be made of the waters of the Cauvery. It is

further agreed that there is scope for effecting economics in the present use of the

Cauvery waters without detriment to existing ayacuts and that maximum possible

economics in the present use of Cauvery water be effected. Water thus saved shall

be used to provide additional multi-purpose benefits. It is recognized that there is

need for integrated operation of the reservoirs in the basin and for regulation of the

release from various reservoir to ensure optimum utilization and equitable

distribution of the waters. With a view to achieving the aforesaid objectives it is

hereby agreed as under:

1. Fixing utilization of Cauvery waters is agreed as 671 TMC comprising 489

TMC by Tamil Nadu, 177 TMC by Karnataka and 5 TMC by Kerala.

2. In a normal year, the existing areas under irrigation shall be protected.

3. In the lean years, the manner of sharing the available waters shall be

worked out by a committee of representatives of the central and State

Government and submitted for consideration at the next meeting of Chief

Ministers.

4. This committee shall also work out the quantities of surplus waters

presently available for use. The water surplus over the existing 671 TMC

shall be shared in the ratio 30:53:17 amongst the States of Tamil Nadu,

Karnataka and Kerala respectively.

5. Tamil Nadu Karnataka and the region of Pondicherry shall take steps to

effect saving of 25 TMC from its present use by various measures such as

modernization of existing irrigation system, improvement in water

management reducing seepage losses etc.

6. The savings shall be effected within a maximum period of 15 years. The

Central Government will devise ways and means to provide necessary

230

outlays (made up of States contributions and central assistance) in plan for

the improvement measures aforesaid. At the end of five years Tamil Nadu

shall save 20 TMC and Karnataka 5 TMC. These savings shall be

distributed in the ration of 4:138:53 amongst Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and

Kerala respectively. In the sixth year a review will be made of the progress

achieved by the three Chief Ministers and Union Minister of Agriculture who

will lay down programme for next five years and give appropriate directions.

7. At the end of 15 years saving shall be distributed amongst the three States

as under:

Tamil Nadu : 4 TMC

Karnataka : 87 TMC

Kerala : 34 TMC -------------- Total : 125 TMC --------------

8. Out of the quantity so distributed 2 TMC each shall be allowed for

industrial and domestic water supply.

9. Both States of Karnataka and Kerala shall be allowed to use the quantities

of water allocated out of the savings on such Projects as they may consider

necessary for the efficient use of water in their territory. The Sub-basin

wise break up of use by Kerala of 34 TMC shall be decided in meeting of

the representatives of the three States and the centre.

10. A Cauvery Valley Authority consisting of one Irrigation Engineer of

appropriate status from each of the States namely, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka

and Kerala as members, and an Irrigation Engineer of appropriate status not

belonging to any of the three States nominated by the Central Government

as Chairman shall be constituted.

11. The functions and rules of procedure of the Cauvery Valley Authority as

drafted by the Committee of Secretaries of three States shall be considered

at the next meeting of the Chief Ministers.

231

ANNEXURE VI

DRAFT AGREEMENT CIRCULATED BY KARNATAKA IN 1981

The Governments of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry

are desirous of arriving at an agreement for the sharing of Cauvery waters with a

view to:

a) Finding an overall approach for the optimum and equitable use of all the

waters in the Cauvery basin;

b) Eliminating or minimizing social, economic and regional imbalance among

the basin States;

c) Providing fair and equitable share of waters to the respective States; and

d) Resolving by negotiations all problems that have arisen or may arise in

future amicably amongst the basin States, hereby agree as follows;

1. The average yield in the Cauvery river basin above up to delta based on the

long term data from 1900-01 to 1971-72 is 792 TMC. This average surface

yield of 792 TMC is accepted as being available for the purpose of

allocations.

2. In the Cauvery delta rainfall contributions is about 230 TMC. It is agreed

that about 88 TMC of this, as indicated by UNDP, would also be available.

Thus water available in the entire basin including the delta would be 792 +

88 = 880 TMC per annum.

3. Fair and equitable allocation of 880 TMC of surface yield in the basin

amongst the basin States shall be made taking into consideration the basin

factors viz., drainage area, yield contribution, cultivable area, cultivable

command, and population and drought prone areas in each State.

Accordingly, the allocations of surface yield amongst the State shall be as

under:

232

Percentage Quantity in TMC

1 Karnataka 47 414

2 Kerala 05 43

3 Tamil Nadu 7 414

4 Pondicherry 01 09

Total 100 880

In addition, each State shall be entitled to utilize all the underground and

regenerated waters within its territory.

4. It is hereby agreed that to ensure Pondicherry’s share of water at the

borders of Tamil Nadu, Government of India shall, in consultation with the

said States, appoint an appropriate authority.

5. This agreement does not preclude any State from diverting any portion of

its allocated waters outside the basin by mutual agreement among the

affected States.

6. The water of the Cauvery and its tributaries may be developed by each of

the States to generate maximum hydroelectric power by existing and new

works within its territory.

7. All States shall meet their domestic and industrial water needs out of their

overall allocations.

8. Annual hydrological data regarding flows, withdrawals and spillage at all

major works and terminal anicuts/distributaries shall be maintained and

exchanged by all States for requisite verification.

9. This agreement shall be liable to review after period of 25 years, subject to

the condition that the allocations made in Clause 3 above, shall not be

altered in any manner detrimental to any State.

233

Draft Proposals Circulated by Tamil Nadu in 1981

1. Cauvery is the only major river flowing through Tamil Nadu. Irrigation in

the Cauvery delta has developed steadily with the untiring efforts of the

people ever since the great Karikala Chola built the Grand Anicut in the

second century A.D. The delta is ideally suited for cultivation and hence

the bulk of utilization under Cauvery is in Tamil Nadu. When the then

Mysore State wanted to build reservoirs for impounding the Cauvery flows,

negotiation between two Governments were held for over a decade, before

the 1924 agreement was finally concluded. This agreement is fair and

reasonable in that it provides for parallel development of irrigation in both

the States after ensuring that the ayacut already established is fully

protected.

2. The use of waters in the Cauvery basin is now regulated by the 1924

agreement. The 1924 agreement being a permanent one not only provides

for the method of the sharing Cauvery waters but also provides for a review

of certain Clauses of the same. Clause 1D (IX) of the agreement provides

that limitations and arrangements embodied in Clause (iv) to (vii) of Clause

10, shall at the expiry of fifty years from the date of the execution of the

agreement, be open to reconsideration in the light of the experience gained

and of an examination of the possibilities of the further extension of

irrigation within the territories of the respective Governments and to such

modifications and additions as may be mutually agreed upon as the result of

such reconsideration. According to Clause 10 (xvi) of the agreement the

impounding in the new reservoirs if and when built shall not diminish or

affect in any way the supplies to which the Madras Government (now

Tamil Nadu Government) and Mysore Government (now Karnataka

Government) are respectively entitled to or the division of surplus water

which it is anticipated will be available for division (at the end of fifty years

period of agreement) as provided in the said Clause 10 (xvi).

234

3. To collect the data required for the review and to identify the surpluses, if

any, the Government of India with the consent of the Government of basin

States, constituted a Cauvery Fact Finding Committee (CFFC) in 1972.

This Committee in its report to Government of India gave the following

findings which the Chief Ministers of the basin States accepted in the

subsequent meetings:

(i) Existing ayacut (cropped area is in 1971-1972) using Cauvery waters is

about 35.57 lakhs acres comprising 28.21 lakh acres in Tamil Nadu and

region of Pondicherry. 6.83 lakh acres in Karnataka and 0.53 lakh acres in Kerala.

(ii) Existing utilization of Cauvery water is 748 TMC in a year based on the

long term data of 384 years, viz. 1934-35 to 1971-72 and this comprises of

566 TMC by Tamil Nadu including Karaikal region of Pondicherry, 177

TMC by Karnataka and 5 TMC by Kerala.

4. In the light of above, it is clear that the Cauvery River and its tributaries are

already overburdened with existing commitments. Hence there is no need

for any modifications to the Clause 10 (IV) to 10 (VIII) and 10 (XIV) of the

1924 agreement. The regulation of the discharges through and from the

Krishnarajasagar reservoir should be done in accordance with the Rules of

Regulation set forth in the Annexure I to the Agreement and the Rules of

Regulation for the new reservoir should be framed in the manner envisaged

in Clause 10 (XVI) of the agreement.

5. Consequent on the States reorganization and subsequent renaming of the

States, the State boundaries within the Cauvery basin have changed. This

has brought in Kerala as one of the basin States besides Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

6. The Tamil Nadu Government will agree to the formation of a Cauvery

Valley Authority, provided the Authority is vested with powers to regulate

the flows from and through the reservoir of Karnataka Government as per

the rules of regulation specified in the 1924 agreement.

235

ANNEXURE VII

RESOLUTION ADOPTED AT A MEETING OF FARMERS, EXPERTS

AND OTHER CITIZENS FROM KARNATAKA AND TAMIL NADU,

ORGANIZED IN BANGALORE ON MARCH 1992 BY

PRAGATI VEDIKE

A number of distinguished citizens belonging to Karnataka and Tamil Nadu

issued a citizen joint appeal on Cauvery issue on February 14, 1992 which was

widely welcomed. This follow-up meeting of farmers’ representatives, experts

and citizens from Karnataka and Tamil Nadu was held in Bangalore on March 28,

1992. About 200 invites from various organization and walks of life participated

in this meeting. They included leaders and representatives of farmer’s

organization, former judges and ministers, social scientist, educationist,

administrator, advocates and other professionals, observers from the Central and

State Government, representative of voluntary organizations, writers and

journalist. At the outset we wish to record our deep distress at the violent

incidents that took place in December, 1991 in both Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

These were responsible for thrashing the long history of good neighbourly

relations between our two sister States. We appeal to the Government and

political parties in the both States to ensure that such tragic incidents are not

allowed to recur ever again.

River does not respect political boundaries. It is not, therefore unusual for

river water disputes to continue between neighbouring countries or neighbouring

States in the same country. Many such disputes have been avoided or resolved in

India and elsewhere by resorting to negotiation, conciliation or arbitration.

Solutions thus arrived at, have also been sustained over time. The Cauvery River

waters dispute can also be resolved and it must be solved in a cooperative

framework. There are enough waters in the Cauvery, if they are used

economically and efficiently, to be shared in fair and equitable manner. Farmers

236

in the basin States are confident that it should be possible if the necessary effort,

goodwill, and political maturity is forthcoming. Various issues relating to the

sharing of the Cauvery waters are at present before the Cauvery water disputes

tribunal. It is unfortunate that it has not been possible to resolve these issues

through negotiations, making it necessary to resort to adjudication which involves

adversarial procedures. What is important at this juncture is for the parties

concerned to avoid extreme and provocative positions before the tribunal, in

legislatures or in public forums and the media. Any such course will be counter

productive by increasing tension and bitterness and will undermine sustainability

of any settlement that may eventually be reached. We appeal to both

Governments to cooperate with each other and with the Tribunal to narrow the gap

between their respective legal claims and riparian demands. We also urge the

tribunal itself to initiate and pursue conciliatory and mediatory processes which

will reduce the areas of conflict and facilitate a solution that will be perceived as

being fair and equitable to the farmers in each of the basin States and can be

sustained.

In this connection, we would like to reiterate the following basic

consideration set out in the citizens, joint appeal of February 14, 1992 on Cauvery issue.

� All measures should be undertaken in the short, medium and long term, to

augment the availability of water in the Cauvery basin and to promote its

optimum utilization having regard to considerations of economy, efficiency

and equity.

� The solution must provide reasonably assured and timely availabilities of

flows to each of the basin States, consistent with the phased implementation

of such measures.

� Surpluses in good years and deficits in lean years with reference to the

average in normal years will have to be equitably and appropriately shared.

237

� It will be desirable to initiate appropriate technical studies covering

engineering, agricultural, economic and financial aspects for augmenting

availability and maximizing utilization.

� It will be necessary to establish a suitable institutional mechanism in order

to co-ordinate and oversee the implementation of any solution and the long

term development of the basin States. We appeal to political parties,

voluntary agencies, farmers associations and citizens of goodwill in both

Karnataka and Tamil Nadu to take all possible initiatives to promote mutual

understanding of the problems, needs and aspirations of agriculturalists in

both States and to educate public opinion in this regard. We propose to

follow up this meeting in the coming months with exchange of visits by

farmers groups, meetings, seminars and informative publications for this

purpose.

238

ANNEXURE VIII

INTER-STATE WATER DISPUTES ACT, 1956

Complaints by State Governments as to Water Disputes

If it appears to the Government of any State that a water dispute with the

Government of another State has arisen is likely to arise by reason of the fact that

the interests of the State, or of any of the inhabitants thereof, in the waters of an

inter-State river or river valley have been, or are likely to be, affected prejudicially

by --

(a) any executive action or legislation taken or passed, or proposed to be taken

or passed, by the other State; or

(b) the failure of the other State or any authority therein to exercise any of their

powers with respect to the use, distribution or control of such waters; or

(c) the failure of the other State to implement the terms of any agreement

relating to the use, distribution or control of such waters.

The State Government may, in such form and manner as may be prescribed,

request the Central Government to refer the water dispute to a Tribunal for

adjudication.

Constitution of Tribunal

When any request under Section 3 is received from any State Government

in respect of any water dispute and the Central Government is of opinion that the

water dispute cannot be settled by negotiations, the Central Government shall, by

notification in the Official Gazette, constitute a Water Disputes Tribunal for the

adjudication of the water dispute.

Adjudication of Water Disputes

(1) When a Tribunal has been constituted under Section 4, the Central

Government shall, subject to the prohibition contained in Section 8, refer the water

239

dispute and any matter appearing to be connected with, or relevant to, the water

dispute to the Tribunal for adjudication.

(2) The Tribunal shall investigate the matters referred to it and forward

to the Central Government a report setting out the facts as found by it and giving

its decision of the matters referred to it.

(3) If, upon consideration of the decision of the Tribunal, the Central

Government or any State Government is of opinion that anything therein

contained requires explanation or that guidance is needed upon any point not

originally referred to the Tribunal, the Central Government or the State

Government, as the case may be, may, within three months from the date of the

decision, again refer the matter to the Tribunal for further consideration; and on

such reference, the Tribunal may forward to the Central Government a further

report giving such explanation or guidance as it deems fit and in such a case, the

decision of the Tribunal shall be deemed to be modified accordingly.

Publication of Decision of Tribunal

The Central Government shall publish the decision of the Tribunal in the

Official Gazettte and the decision shall be final and binding on the parties to the

dispute and shall be given effect to by them.

Power to Make Schemes to Implement Decision of Tribunal

Without prejudice to the provisions of Section 6, the Central Government

may, by notification in the Official Gazette, frame a scheme or schemes whereby

provision may be made for all matters necessary to give effect to the decision of a

Tribunal.

Bar of Reference of Certain Disputes to Tribunal

Notwithstanding anything contained in Section 3 or Section 5, no reference

shall be made to a Tribunal of any dispute that may arise regarding any matter

which may be referred to arbitration under the River Boards Act, 1965.

240

Bar of Jurisdiction of Supreme Court and Other Courts

Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law, neither the Supreme

Court nor any other Court shall have or exercise jurisdiction in respect of any

water dispute which may be referred to a Tribunal under this Act.

Power to Make Rules

(1) The Central Government, after consultation with the State Government may

by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules to carry out the purposes

of this Act.

(2) In particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing

power, such rules may provide for all or any of the following matters,

namely:

a. the form and manner in which complaint as to any water dispute may be

made by any State Government.

b. the matters in respect of which a Tribunal may be vested with the powers of

a Civil Court;

c. the procedure to be followed by a Tribunal under this Act;

d. the remuneration, allowances or fees payable to (the Chairman and other

members) of a Tribnal and assessors;

e. the terms and conditions of service of officers of the Tribunal;

f. any other matter which has to be, or may be, prescribed.

241

CAUVERY DISPUTE – A CALENDAR

June 1990 : Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal constituted on Supreme Court’s

direction, after 26 rounds of talks between Tamil Nadu and Karnataka fail.

June 1991 : Tribunal issued interim order, mandating Karnataka to release 205

thousand million cubic feet to Mettur dam (Tamil Nadu) in a water year (from

June to May) adn prescribing weekly and monthly releases.

November 1991 : Validity of interim order upheld by Supreme Court.

December 1991 : Interim order notified by Centre. Violence in parts of

Karnataka.

July 1993 : Four – day fast by Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Jayalalitha, demanding

implementation mechanism for interim order.

August 1996 – January 1997 : On Supreme Court’s suggestion, five more rounds

of talks by Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, M. Karunanidhi and J.H.

Patel. No breakthrough.

August 1998 : Centre constituted Cauvery River Authority to ensure interim order

implementation, following Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee’s two-day-long

talks in New Delhi with Chief Ministers of all the riparian States including Kerala

and Puducherry.

January 2002 : Riparian States began final arguments before Tribunal.

October 2002 : Karnataka Chief Minister S.M. Krishna’s six-day-long padayatra

from Bangalore to Mandya. He tendered unconditional apology to Supreme Court

for defying S.C.’s order earlier and ordered release of Cauvery water as directed

by Supreme Court.

242

April 2003 : Track-II approach to Cauvery problem. Cauvery Family, a body of

farmers and other stakeholders from Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, launched in

Chennai.

August 2005 : Tribunal’s tenure extended for one year, following amendment of

Inter-State Water Disputes Act.

April 2006 : Final arguments concluded before Tribunal. (Tribunal held 570 days

of sitting since June 1990).

August 2006 : Tenure of Tribunal extended by six more months.

February 2007 : Final order of the Cauvery.

243

Utilisation of Cauvery Waters in Years 1901, 1928, 1956 and 1971 Area in lakh acres

Sl. No.

Name of State

Schemes in Operation Prior

to 1928

Schemes in

Operation between 1928-56

Schemes in

Operation between 1956-71

Total of Major and Medium Schemes

Evaporation Losses

Minor Irrigation

Domestic Water Supply

Total Use

Area tmc. Area tmc. Area tmc. Area tmc. tmc. Area tmc. Popul. tmc. Area tmc.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Year 1901 lakhs

1 Tamil Nadu 13.853 384.9 --- --- --- --- 13.853 384.9 --- 2.19 44 --- 1.2 16.043 430.13

2 Mysore 1.11 26.463 --- --- --- --- 1.11 26.463 --- 1.991 45.5 --- 3.101 71.96

3 Kerala --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

Total 14.963 411.363 --- --- --- --- 14.963 411.363 --- 4.181 89.5 1.2 19.144 502.09

Year 1928

1 Tamil Nadu 13.853 384.9 --- --- --- --- 13.853 384.9 --- 2.21 44 --- 2.1 16.063 431

2 Mysore 1.11 26.463 --- --- --- --- 1.11 26.463 --- 2.039 46 --- --- 3.149 72.46

3 Kerala --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

Total 14.963 411.363 --- --- --- --- 14.963 411.363 --- 4.249 90 --- 2.1 19.212 503.46

244

Sl. No.

Name of State

Schemes in Operation Prior

to 1928

Schemes in Operation between 1928-56

Schemes in Operation between 1956-71

Total of Major and Medium Schemes

Evaporation Losses

Minor Irrigation

Domestic Water Supply

Total Use

Area tmc. Area tmc. Area tmc. Area tmc. tmc. Area tmc. Popul. tmc. Area tmc.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Year 1956 lakhs

1 Tamil Nadu 15.375 384.9 5.384 100.6 --- --- 20.759 485.5 8 2.412 48 --- 3.1 23.171 514.6

2 Mysore 1.395 34.211 2.059 56.2 --- --- 3.454 90.411 5.34 2.2 50 --- 4 5.654 149.751

3 Kerala --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 0.063 5 --- 0.1 0.063 5.1

Total 16.77 419.111 7.443 156.8 --- --- 24.213 575.911 13.34 4.675 103 --- 7.2 28.888 699.451

Year 1971

1 Tamil Nadu 18.911 384.9 5.746 100.6 0.642 15.9 25.299 501.4 9 2.909 58 --- 5 28.208 573.4

2 Mysore 1.862 45.79 2.049 56.2 0.359 7.81 4.28 105.1 6.4 2.409 54.7 71.38 5 0.68 171

3 Kerala --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 0.063 5 --- 0.1 0.063 5.1

Total 20.773 430.69 7.895 156.8 1.007 23.71 29.579 606.5 15.4 5.381 117.7 71.38 10.1 34.951 749.7

245

Yield of Cauvery as at Lower Coleroon Anicut

Year

Flow at LCA as per Col. 27 of River Register

Upstream Utilisation under Anicut Channel etc.

Withdrawals at

Hullahalli

Gross Yield at LCA

1 2 3 4 5

1900-01 1901-02 1902-03 1903-04 1904-05 1905-06 1906-07 1907-08 1908-09 1909-10 1910-11 1911-12 1912-13 1913-14 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 1918-19 1919-20 1920-21 1921-22 1922-23 1923-24 1924-25 1925-26 1926-27 1927-28 1928-29 1929-30 1930-31 1931-32 1932-33 1933-34 1934-35 1935-36 1936-37 1937-38

702.2 437.1 486.3 881.1 400.4 485.0 467.3 602.1 465.5 775.2 1095.0 615.6 657.3 502.1 485.9 412.9 683.7 425.7 236.3 605.7 694.4 600.5 584.0 936.0 986.6 460.0 444.3 471.6 363.5 520.5 677.3 654.3 696.8 945.6 345.5 415.9 441.3 400.8

212.5 212.8 213.1 213.4 213.7 214.0 214.3 214.6 214.9 215.2 215.5 215.8 216.1 216.4 216.7 217.0 217.3 217.6 217.9 218.2 218.5 218.8 219.1 219.4 219.7 220.0 220.3 220.6 220.7 220.7 220.7 220.7 220.7 220.7 220.7 221.3 221.9 222.6

10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.2 9.8 7.8

925.2 660.4 709.9 1105.0 624.6 709.5 692.1 827.2 690.9 1000.9 1321.0 841.9 883.9 729.0 713.1 640.4 911.5 653.8 464.7 834.4 923.4 829.8 814.4 1166.1 1216.8 6905 675.1 702.7 594.7 751.7 908.5 885.5 928.0 1176.8 576.7 647.3 673.0 631.1

246

Year

Flow at LCA as per Col. 27 of River Register

Upstream Utilisation under Anicut Channel etc.

Withdrawals at

Hullahalli

Gross Yield at LCA

1 2 3 4 5

1938-39 1939-40 1940-41 1941-42 1942-43 1943-44 1944-45 1945-46 1946-47 1947-48 1948-49 1949-50 1950-51 1951-52 1952-53 1953-54 1954-55 1955-56 1956-57 1957-58 1958-59 1959-60 1960-61 1961-62 1962-63 1963-64 1964-65 1965-66 1966-67 1967-68 1968-69 1969-70 1970-71 1971-72

375.3 539.3 663.7 528.0 536.6 613.8 495.5 326.5 831.5 492.7 486.1 356.5 486.2 344.9 271.7 618.1 609.9 352.4 711.7 535.4 557.6 826.0 520.6 924.7 720.8 413.0 705.9 267.0 471.5 367.7 380.8 389.8 430.0 490.0

223.1 223.7 224.3 225.2 226.1 227.0 227.9 228.8 229.7 230.6 231.5 232.4 233.3 234.2 235.1 236.0 236.9 237.9 239.0 242.0 245.0 248.0 251.0 254.0 257.0 260.0 263.0 266.0 269.0 272.0 275.0 278.0 281.0 281.9

9.0 9.8 9.5 11.0 10.8 11.2 9.8 10.6 11.0 10.7 10.6 10.2 10.0 9.4 9.3 9.8 11.2 10.8 10.5 9.9 10.8 10.5 9.9 11.2 13.0 11.1 11.7 11.4 9.3 10.8 11.3 11.5 11.5 10.2

607.4 772.8 897.5 764.2 773.5 852.0 733.2 565.9 1072.2 734.0 728.2 599.2 711.5 588.5 516.1 863.9 858.0 601.1 961.1 787.3 813.4 1084.5 781.6 1189.9 990.8 684.1 980.6 544.4 749.8 650.5 667.1 679.3 722.5 784.1

Abstract

Period 1900-01 to 1971-72

Average 792.3

50% 752.0

75% 673.0

Source: Deliberations and Correspondence Regarding Cauvery Waters (August 1978 – February 1982), PP. 123-125.

247

Dates of Opening and Closing of Mettur Dam for Irrigation and the Levels and Storages on those Dates

Normal date of opening: 12th June Normal date of closing: 28th January

Water Year (June-May)

Opening Closing

Date Level ft.

Storage m.cft.

Date Level ft.

Storage m.cft.

1934-35 1935-36 1936-37 1937-38 1938-39

1939-40 1940-41 1941-42 1942-43 1943-44

1944-45 1945-46 1946-47 1947-48 1948-49

1949-50 1950-51 1951-52 1952-53 1953-54

1954-55 1955-56 1956-57 1957-58 1958-59

1959-60 1960-61 1961-62 1962-63 1963-64

1964-65 1965-66 1966-67 1967-68 1968-69

12.06.34 12.06.35 09.06.36 09.06.37 10.06.38

12.06.39 07.06.40 12.06.41 17.05.42 25.05.43

17.05.44 25.05.45 02.07.46 01.06.47 18.06.48

23.06.49 03.07.50 20.06.51 05.07.52 05.07.53

14.06.54 20.06.55 01.07.56 15.06.57 20.06.58

27.06.59 15.06.60 19.06.61 19.06.62 29.06.63

06.07.64 12.06.65 21.07.66 03.07.67 07.07.68

54.20 50.00 76.35 104.80 89.70

53.15 103.35 119.30 97.00 86.90

96.05 93.65 71.70 109.75 72.70

66.90 38.20 79.20 50.95 54.30

98.60 82.65 70.40 120.25 71.40

64.10 65.10 81.30 73.75 40.00

43.45 55.10 47.00 56.45 63.85

27,915 17,811 38,410 71,202 52,310

19,854 69,252 91,491 61,020 52,196

59,840 56,970 34,078 78,055 35,064

30,100 11,156 41,166 18,352 20,423

62,915 44,649 33,041 93,873 33,915

27,836 28,633 43,265 36,009 12,089

13,936 21,151 15,974 22,115 27,638

29.01.35 29.01.36 12.02.37 02.02.38 29.01.39

28.01.40 28.01.41 09.02.42 28.01.43 25.02.44

25.02.45 28.01.46 29.01.47 28.01.48 24.02.49

07.02.50 12.02.51 28.01.52 07.02.53 10.02.54

07.02.55 31.01.56 07.02.57 28.01.58 07.02.59

17.02.60 07.03.61 28.02.62 07.03.63 01.03.64

21.02.65 21.03.66 31.03.67 19.02.68 23.02.69

25.30 59.50 93.75 83.20 43.85

85.45 108.20 93.60 83.00 91.35

94.85 8.90

114.50 50.80 48.35

33.05 65.40 52.60 18.00 80.85

73.25 58.70 91.15 87.10 62.80

84.10 55.30 62.60 30.25 10.75

52.00 14.20 43.40 14.70 22.00

5,784 24,316 57,045 45,220 14,187

47,605 75,877 56,863 45,011 54,209

58,370 1,433 84,970 18,300 16,789

8,792 28,875 19,489 3,539 42,859

35,602 23,70 53,975 49,400 26,800

46,164 21,313 26,701 7,624 1,814

19,633 2,580 14,411 2,699 4,760

248

Water Year (June-May)

Opening Closing

Date Level ft.

Storage m.cft.

Date Level ft.

Storage m.cft.

1969-70 1970-71 1971-72 1972-73 1973-74

1974-75 1975-76 1976-77 1977-78 1978-79

1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 1983-84

1984-85 1985-86 1986-87 1987-88 1988-89

1989-90 1990-91 1991-92 1992-93 1993-94

1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99

1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04

2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

07.07.69 24.06.70 27.06.71 07.07.72 25.06.73

20.07.74 04.07.75 24.07.76 15.07.77 05.07.78

12.06.79 12.06.80 11.07.81 21.06.82 17.08.83

12.06.84 08.07.85 21.08.86 09.11.87 07.08.88

20.08.89 22.08.90 21.07.91 12.06.92 12.06.93

12.06.94 03.07.95 26.07.96 12.06.97

01.07.99 12.06.00 12.06.01 06.09.02 07.10.03

12.08.04 04.08.05 12.06.06 18.07.07 12.06.08

53.00 69.05 79.35 86.25 97.10

64.50 75.80 62.55 59.00 82.65

87.83 102.18 81.40 72.95 86.80

81.05 69.15 69.50 82.00 74.75

88.35 82.95 84.55 99.35 95.70

97.20 74.02 51.86 97.38

87.35 104.10 98.04 66.95 72.52

93.11 106.32 115.27 109.85 103.31

19,753 31,891 41,312 48,469 61,146

28,154 37,899 26,625 23,946 44,649

50,201 67,689 43,367 35,287 49,067

43,810 31,976 60,399 43,978 36,924

50,787 44,959 46,642 64,002 59,410

61,272 36,253 19,003 61,498

46,673 70,257 62,329 30,136 34,904

56,277 73,275 86,127 78,196 69,199

28.02.70 28.02.71 15.02.72 28.02.73 12.02.74

03.03.75 23.02.76 28.01.77 24.03.78 28.02.79

28.01.80 28.01.81 28.02.82 27.01.83 30.01.84

28.01.85 03.02.86 12.02.87 27.02.88 17.02.87

05.02.90 18.01.91 28.01.92 28.01.93 28.01.94

28.01.95 28.01.96 28.01.97 28.01.98

05.02.00 28.01.01 11.02.02 19.02.03 05.01.04

28.01.05 28.01.06 28.01.07 28.01.08

34.85 19.60 15.90 69.90 16.20

10.40 44.30 15.88 38.38 72.20

99.28 44.35 61.40 17.38 61.70

33.43 11.00 20.60 23.80 13.80

21.65 25.90 105.50 99.30 96.48

68.91 22.32 98.13 107.92

104.82 95.06 51.30 28.16 29.99

55.26 112.24 84.56 94.68

9,590 3,986 2,993 32,615 3,069

1,742 14,411 2,987 11,268 34,619

63,905 14,439 25,742 3,373 25,971

8,957 2,484 4,278 5,289 2,486

4,595 5,991 7,215 6,392 6,037

3,177 4,632 6,244 7,548

7,123 5,863 1,864 6,812 7,519

2,183 8,163 4,665 5,474

249

Salient Features of the Mettur Dam

Name of the Reservoir Mettur Dam

Location Mettur

Catchments area up to the dam site 16,300 sq.miles

Width of river at dam site 1,100 ft.

Length of the dam 5,300 ft.

Greatest height of dam 214 ft.

Width of roadway between parapets 16 ft.

Greatest bottom width at deepest portion of dam 171 ft.

Maximum depth of storage 165 ft.

Maximum floods (1924) 4,56,000 cusecs.

Maximum water spread 59.25 sq.miles

Capacity of reservoir (gross) 95,630 m.cft.

Capacity of reservoir effective 93,470 m.cft.

Full Reservoir Level (FRL) 790 ft.

Top of dam above mean sea level 801 ft.

250

Krishnarajasagara Reservoir Project

Salient Features

1 Name of the Reservoir Krishnarajasagara Reservoir Project

2 Location Across River Cauvery near Kannambadi village

(a) Latitude 12° 25′ 30″ N

(b) Longitude 76° 34′, 40″ E

(c) Taluk Srirangapatna

(d) District Mandya

(e) Sub-basin C-1 Upper Cauvery

3 Catchment area (in sq.kms.) 10,619

4 Design yield (in TMC) 189 TMC.ft. at 50% dependability

5 Storage (in TMC)

i) Gross 49.452

ii) Dead 4,401

iii) Live 45,051

iv) Carryover Nil

6 Reservoir evaporation losses (TMC)

5.6

7 i) Filling period From June to September

ii) Depletion period From October to May

8 Submersion (in acres)

i) Forest area Nil

ii) Cultivable area 26,640

iii) Fallow land Nil

Total 26,640

251

iv) No. of villages/hamlets 25

9 Level of storages

i) Full Reservoir Level (FRL) 124.80 ft.

ii) Minimum Draw Down Level (MDDL)

74.00 ft.

iii) Dead storage level 60.00 ft.

iv) Sill level of canals sluices

(a) Right bank low level Canal sluice 60.00 ft.

(b) Left bank low level Canal sluice 60.00 ft.

v) Sill level of rivers sluice 12.00 ft.

10 Silt charge per year (MCft./sq.km. of C.A.) 0.0003

(i) Designed Not available

(ii) Actual 0.0003

11 Ayacut (in acres)

i) L.B.C. (U.C.) 1,90,753

ii) L.B.L.L.C. 1,430

iii) R.B.L.L.C. 3,789

Total 1,95,972

12 General characteristics of soil in the command area

55% of the area is of course and fine sandy loams and remaining 45%are red loams, chocolate brown loams, sandy clays and clay loams

13 a) Installed power in MW Nil

b) Annual power generation MU

Nil

252

Cauvery Water Basin

253

Tribunal gives Tamilnadu more Cauvery water

254

255

The Holy River Cauvery

The banks of the River Cauvery in Karnataka, this saga dates

256

Tala Cauvery – Birth Place of Cauvery River

New Bridge Over Cauvery River (Old Bridge is

on the Right Side)

257

The region south to cauvery river, Hinduism

River Cauvery in all her glory at sunset. Sage Agastyar

258

Cauvery River Hogenakkal, Tamil Nadu, South India

Cauvery River

259

Valley of the River Cauvery near Trichy

Cauvery River Basin

260

Mettur Dam Pictures

The Martyr-King to the River Cauvery; Zinda-Rud departs