APPENDIX 23 - gcs-sa.biz...17-0359 2 January 2018 Page ii Report Version – Final 27 March 2018 Zinoju Coal 17-0359 DOCUMENT ISSUE STATUS Report Issue Final GCS Reference Number GCS

APPENDIX 23

MONITORING PROGRAMME

L

4a Old Main Road, Judges Walk, Kloof, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa, 3610 PO Box 819, Gillitts, 3603, South Africa Tel: +27 (0) 31 764 7130 Fax: +27 (0) 31 764 7140 Web: www.gcs-sa.biz

GCS (Pty) Ltd. Reg No: 2004/000765/07 Est. 1987

Offices: Durban Gaborone Johannesburg Lusaka Maseru Ostrava Pretoria Windhoek

Directors: AC Johnstone (Managing) PF Labuschagne AWC Marais S Napier S Pilane (HR) W Sherriff (Financial)

Non-Executive Director: B Wilson-Jones www.gcs-sa.biz

2017 Annual Water Monitoring Report for Aviemore Colliery

Report

Version – Final

27 March 2018

Zinoju Coal

GCS Project Number: 17-0359

Client Reference: 303278

Zinoju Coal Annual Water Monitoring Report

17-0359 2 January 2018 Page ii

Report Version – Final

27 March 2018

Zinoju Coal

17-0359

DOCUMENT ISSUE STATUS

Report Issue Final

GCS Reference Number GCS Ref - 17-0359

Title Annual Water Monitoring Report for Aviemore Colliery

Name Signature Date

Author Tarika Isaac

March 2018

Document Reviewer Callie Pickering

March 2018

Director Pieter Labuschagne

March 2018

LEGAL NOTICE This report or any proportion thereof and any associated documentation remain the property of GCS until the mandator effects payment of all fees and disbursements due to GCS in terms of the GCS Conditions of Contract and Project Acceptance Form. Notwithstanding the aforesaid, any reproduction, duplication, copying, adaptation, editing, change, disclosure, publication, distribution, incorporation, modification, lending, transfer, sending, delivering, serving or broadcasting must be authorised in writing by GCS.


17-0359 2 January 2018 Page iii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

GCS (Pty) Ltd (hereafter referred to as ‘GCS’) has been contracted by Zinoju Coal to

undertake quarterly groundwater and surface water sampling, manage a water quality

database and to compile quarterly and annual water quality monitoring reports for their

operations in Dundee. The first three quarterly reports supply an update of the water quality

status at Aviemore Colliery. The 4th Quarter monitoring report also serves as an Annual

Monitoring Report detailing all the findings from the previous monitoring events and makes

necessary recommendations based on the findings. This report serves as the Annual

Monitoring Report for 2017.

A revised monitoring program for Aviemore, based on the current mine expansion program

and existing hydrocensus boreholes, was supplied in the updated hydrogeological

investigation conducted in 2016. A map showing the location of the monitoring points, based

on a phased approach of mine expansion, is available in Appendix E. A Water Use License

(WUL) amendment letter has been submitted to DWS with the requested changes to the

monitoring program.

The following conclusions were made during this assessment:

The current water quality at most of the boreholes is relatively good with no significant

impact from the mine. The water quality at borehole AV6 has shown an overall improvement

since 2015; however, the concentrations still predominantly exceed the DWAF guidelines.

The data indicates the presence of a Zone of Influence created by the Aviemore mine

workings. However, as the mine water indicator elements are not significantly high and

appear to be localized at AV6, the impact of the mine is considered moderately low.

The water level data indicates stable trends at most boreholes. However, borehole AV8 has

historically shown large fluctuations in water levels over time as well as during the 2017

monitoring period. It is unlikely that the change in water level is due to mine dewatering as

no other boreholes indicate a significant change in water level. It is possible that a geological

structure such as a dyke may be influencing the local water levels of this borehole. However,

the data indicates localized groundwater abstraction. GCS are not aware of any abstraction

boreholes in this area.

Most of the surface water monitoring points, that form part of the approved monitoring

program, were dry throughout 2017 and therefore intermittent monitoring data has been

collected for these sites. The hydrochemistry results for all sites sampled exhibited low

sulphate concentrations and neutral pH conditions. This indicates no significant impact from

the mine workings as a result of contaminated storm water runoff or as baseflow seepage.


17-0359 2 January 2018 Page iv

Recommendations

The following recommendations are made:

An aquifer test and geophysical survey to delineate potential geological fracture

zones at borehole AV8 is recommended.

A small scale investigation into the source of poor water quality at AV6 is

recommended. This should include further sampling of groundwater within the mine

and in the vicinity of AV6, a ground resistivity survey to identify the position of

current/abandoned underground workings and EC profiling to identify the elevation

of contaminated seepage within the borehole.


17-0359 2 January 2018 Page v

CONTENTS PAGE

1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 SCOPE OF WORK ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................ 2

2 DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA ............................................................................................. 2

3 MONITORING NETWORK ............................................................................................................ 3

4 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS ............................................................................................................ 5

4.1 WATER LEVELS .............................................................................................................................. 5 4.2 WATER QUALITY ........................................................................................................................... 6

4.2.1 Groundwater Quality ........................................................................................................ 6 4.2.2 Surface Water Quality ...................................................................................................... 8

5 CONCLUSIONS .......................................................................................................................... 10

5.1 RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................................................... 10

6 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 11

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 4-1: Groundwater level time trend graph ..................................................... 6 Figure 4-2: Groundwater sulphate Zone of Influence map for Aviemore ......................... 7 Figure 4-3: Groundwater sulphate time trend graph ................................................ 8 Figure 4-4: Surface water sulphate time trend graph for the original monitoring point localities ..................................................................................................... 9 Figure 4-5: Surface water sulphate time trend graph for the new monitoring point localities ................................................................................................................. 9

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2-1: Groundwater monitoring points at Aviemore ......................................... 3 Table 2-2: Surface water monitoring points at Aviemore ........................................ 4

LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX A: WATER LEVEL DATA .................................................................................................... 12

APPENDIX B: MONITORING MAP ..................................................................................................... 13

APPENDIX C: FIELD DATA ................................................................................................................. 14

APPENDIX D: HYDROCHEMISTRY DATA ............................................................................................ 15

APPENDIX E: PROPOSED MONITORING PROGRAM .......................................................................... 18


17-0359 2 January 2018 Page vi

ACRONYMS

DWAF- Department of Water Affairs and Forestry

DWS– Department of Water and Sanitation (previously DWAF)

EC– Electrical Conductivity

ISO– International Organization for Standardization

MBGL– Metres Below Ground Level

pH- Potential of Hydrogen

PVC– Polyvinyl Chloride

SABS– South African Bureau of Standards

SANAS– South African National Accreditation System

SANS– South African National Standards

TDS– Total Dissolved Salts

TWQG– Target Water Quality Guidelines

WUL- Water Use License

ZOI- Zone of Influence


17-0359 27 March 2018 Page 1

1 INTRODUCTION

GCS (Pty) Ltd (hereafter referred to as ‘GCS’) has been contracted by Zinoju Coal to

undertake quarterly groundwater and surface water sampling, manage a water quality

database and to compile quarterly and annual water quality monitoring reports for their

operations in Dundee. The first three quarterly reports supply an update of the water quality

status at Aviemore Colliery. The 4th Quarter monitoring report also serves as an Annual

Monitoring Report detailing all the findings from the previous monitoring events and makes

necessary recommendations based on the findings. This report serves as the Annual

Monitoring Report for 2017.

A revised monitoring program for Aviemore, based on the current mine expansion program

and existing hydrocensus boreholes, was supplied in the updated hydrogeological

investigation conducted in 2016. A map showing the location of the monitoring points, based

on a phased approach of mine expansion, is available in Appendix E. A Water Use License

(WUL) amendment letter has been submitted to DWS with the requested changes to the

monitoring program.

1.1 Scope of Work

The following scope of work is applicable to this project:

Quarterly surface and groundwater sampling as well as field data collection for the

site.

Submission of samples to X-Lab Earth Science Laboratories in Johannesburg which is

a SANAS accredited laboratory (Registration Number: 2007/007043/07; SANAS

Accreditation Number: T0775).

Laboratory liaison, data management and co-ordination.

Updating of the water quality database on a quarterly basis and supply of short

update reports on all data received. This will highlight problem areas in terms of

quality and/or quantity. These reports will only be used for internal discussion

purposes.

Discussion of the current status of the monitoring networks to ensure that the ground-

and surface water environments are effectively monitored.

Use of selected elements/constituents (pH, sulphate and iron) as the main indicator

elements and the creation and discussion of time-concentration trend graphs of these

elements. Other elements/constituents will be mentioned if found to indicate

anomalies or when their concentrations exceed the recommended limits/standards.


17-0359 27 March 2018 Page 2

Comparison of the water quality results with both the 1996 DWAF Target Water

Quality Guidelines for Domestic Use as well as the SABS SANS 241-2:2015 Drinking

Water Standards.

Compilation of the annual report indicating findings, problems and recommendations

to be submitted to DWS after final approval by Zinoju Coal.

1.2 Methodology

Surface and groundwater sampling is conducted on a quarterly basis. All field work is

conducted based on the protocols, specifications and code of practice contained in the SABS

ISO 5667:1-15. These standards address all aspects of the programme design, sampling

methods as well as sample preservation. For quality purposes, sampling is undertaken in

accordance with the following publications:

ISO 5667–1: 2008 Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programs and sampling

techniques;

ISO 5667-3: 2012 Part 3: Guidance on preservation and handling of samples;

ISO 5667-6: 2014 Part 6: Guidance on sampling of rivers and streams;

SABS ISO 5667: 2009 Part 11: Guidance on sampling of groundwater; and

DWAF Best Practice Guidelines Series G3: General Guidelines for Water Monitoring

Systems.

Groundwater samples are collected from boreholes as per the scope of work, with the use of

a PVC/polyethylene bailer. Prior to groundwater sampling, static groundwater levels are

recorded using a dip meter.

Both groundwater and surface water samples are collected and stored in a one litre plastic

bottle. In situ field measurements (pH, EC, TDS and temperature) are taken for each sample

using a multi-parameter meter. Samples are kept below 4ºC in a dark container and submitted

to a SANAS-accredited laboratory for analysis.

2 DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

Aviemore Colliery is an existing anthracite coal mining operation within the Dundee

magisterial district of KwaZulu-Natal.

The Colliery falls within the V32E catchment, which is situated approximately 5.5 km to the

east of the confluence of the Mzinyashana River and Sterkstroom River.

The area is underlain by the Vryheid and Volksrust Formations of the Ecca Group, which forms

part of the Karoo Supergroup. The lithological units of the Vryheid Formation comprise

sandstone and coal layers. The Volksrust Formation consists of silty shale, mudstone and

siltstone or sandstone lenses towards its upper and lower boundaries.


17-0359 27 March 2018 Page 3

The area is characterised as a calcium / sodium and chloride rich zone which indicates a

highly mineralised, stagnant water type that has reached the end of the hydrogeological

cycle. This water is naturally elevated in salt. The depositional environment of the Karoo

Supergroup was driven by sea water interaction and deposition, characterising the high

calcium / sodium and chloride water type, as minerals deposited from marine/oceanographic

origin are enriched in sodium and chloride.

3 MONITORING NETWORK

The monitoring network at Aviemore is currently under revision, in order to keep up to date

with the expanding underground operations. Nine boreholes have been identified for

monitoring, based on hydrocensus data collected for the site and existing monitoring

boreholes. Of these nine boreholes, four boreholes were part of the original monitoring

program for Aviemore (specifically AV2, AV4, AV6 and AV8) and five boreholes have been

added to the monitoring program, as summarised in Table 3-1. Five boreholes were

successfully sampled in the 4th Quarter monitoring event.

The location of most of the surface water monitoring points were moved, in order to monitor

the surface water quality of streams exiting the mining right area. There are currently

seventeen surface water monitoring points, these are summarised in Table 3-2. The locations

of the monitoring points around Aviemore are shown in Appendix B. Eleven surface water

sites were sampled during the Fourth Quarter monitoring event.

Table 3-1: Groundwater monitoring points at Aviemore

Sample ID

Description Latitude Longitude

Status

March 2017

June 2017

Sept 2017

Jan 2018

AV2 Borehole 300m down gradient, north

east, of underground workings. -28.0870° 30.2377° ● ● ● ●

AV4 Borehole next to entrance road to

site. -28.0909° 30.2421° ● ● ● ●

AV6 Borehole185m down gradient, south


AV8 Borehole 790m down gradient, north


Swart dam Dam BH

New monitoring point. Farm borehole, located in future designated mining

area. -28.1016° 30.1940° ● ● ● ●

AVBH1 New monitoring point. Farm borehole

at top of Impati Mountain. -28.0964° 30.2219° Non-operational

BH4 New monitoring point. Farm borehole

west of AVBH1. -28.0974° 30.2168° Water level too deep


17-0359 27 March 2018 Page 4

Sample ID

Description Latitude Longitude

Status

March 2017

June 2017

Sept 2017

Jan 2018

IH4 New monitoring point. Water pumped to Farmer's house for domestic use.

-28.0993° 30.2011° Water level too deep

JBBH2 New monitoring point. Borehole

located in Farmer's yard. -28.0998° 30.1864°

Pump installed

● Limited Space

Pump not in use

● Sampled Table 3-2: Surface water monitoring points at Aviemore

Sample ID Description Latitude Longitude

Status

March 2017

June 2017

Sept 2017

Jan 2018

AS1 New monitoring point. Non-

perennial stream flowing north of the mine.

-28.0732° 30.2141° Dry Dry Dry ●


perennial stream flowing north of the mine.

-28.0735° 30.2158° Dry Dry Dry ●

AS3 Dam downstream, north east, of

site. -28.0847° 30.2408° ● ● ● ●


perennial stream flowing north east of the mine.

-28.0819° 30.2383° ● Dry Dry Dry


perennial stream flowing north east of the mine.

-28.0756° 30.2332° Dry Dry Dry Dry


perennial stream flowing east of the mine.

-28.1016° 30.2451° Dry Dry Dry ●


perennial stream flowing east of the mine.

-28.1104° 30.2400° Dry Dry Dry ●


perennial stream flowing south east of the mine.

-28.1173° 30.2428° Dry Dry Dry ●

AV Spring Spring water collected by farmer for bottling. Sample is taken from

animal trough. -28.0981° 30.2350° ● ● ● ●

SCH Spring New monitoring point. Farm

spring. -28.0992° 30.2062° Dry Dry ● Dry

JB Font 1 New monitoring point. Farm spring, close to Swartdam.

-28.1024° 30.1881° ● Dry ● ●

GK Spring 1 Spring collected at farmhouse. -28.1035° 30.2230° ● Dry Dry ●

GK Spring 2 Non-perennial spring south east of

Aviemore. -28.1131° 30.2292° Dry Dry Dry ●


17-0359 27 March 2018 Page 5

Sample ID Description Latitude Longitude

Status

March 2017

June 2017

Sept 2017

Jan 2018


Aviemore. -28.1088° 30.2335° Dry Dry Dry Dry





GK Spring 10

Non-perennial spring south east of Aviemore.

-28.1116° 30.2233° Dry Dry Dry Dry

● Sampled

4 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

4.1 Water Levels

Static water levels are measured quarterly at Aviemore, refer to Figure 4-1. The following

outlines observations made from the water level trend data:

The historical water levels at borehole AV2 have ranged between 21 and 28 mbgl.

During the 2017 monitoring period, the water levels at AV2 displayed slight seasonal

variation but remained within the stable historical range.

The water levels at borehole AV6 have stabilized to normal levels since the purging

event conducted in August 2015. The slow rebound observed following the borehole

purge indicates very low hydraulic conductivities in this aquifer with long recovery

periods.

The water levels at AV8 continue to fluctuate and indicate intermittent dewatering

of the aquifer close to the borehole. Water levels have decreased by 10m over the

2017 monitoring period. The underlying cause of the water level fluctuation is

uncertain. It is unlikely that the change in water level is due to mine dewatering as

no other boreholes indicate a significant change in water level. It is possible that a

geological structure such as a dyke may be influencing the local water levels of this

borehole. However, the data indicates localized groundwater abstraction. GCS are

not aware of any abstraction boreholes in this area.

The water level trend at borehole JBBH2 exhibited some seasonal variation during

the 2017 monitoring period, ranging between 6.48 and 8.97 mbgl.

Borehole Swart Dam has a shallow water level that fluctuated significantly over the

2017 monitoring period. Water levels increased significantly in the 4th Quarter to 0.97

mbgl. This may be due to seasonal variation, a significant amount of rainfall occurred

in December 2017. However, this may also be linked to farm activities.


17-0359 27 March 2018 Page 6

Figure 4-1: Groundwater level time trend graph

4.2 Water Quality

The 4th Quarter chemistry results are available in Appendix D. Values highlighted in yellow

exceed the 1996 DWAF Domestic Water Use Target Water Quality Guidelines (TWQG) and

values highlighted in red exceed the 2015 SANS 241-1 Drinking Water standards. It must be

noted that the DWAF standards are more stringent than the SANS limits and therefore values

exceeding the SANS limits will also exceed the DWAF limits. These standards are designed for

potable water systems and not for environmental compliance and are only used as a means

of comparison. The results should be understood in context of the site and typical mine water

quality indicator elements (pH, sulphate and iron).

4.2.1 Groundwater Quality

The groundwater hydrochemistry data for the boreholes at Aviemore indicate consistently

good water quality at most of the monitored boreholes (AV2, AV4, AV8, Swart Dam BH and

JBBH2). Several boreholes exhibit intermittently elevated salt (calcium and magnesium) and

metal (iron and manganese) concentrations; however, this is considered natural for this area.

Low sulphate concentrations, typically below 50 mg/l, indicate no significant impact from

the mine workings on the water quality at these boreholes, refer to Figure 4-2.


17-0359 27 March 2018 Page 7

Average sulphate concentrations for the 2017 monitoring period were used to create a

sulphate distribution contour map at Aviemore Colliery. The purpose of this map is to identify

the zone of influence of the mine and identify specific areas of concern. The 1996 DWAF

Guideline for Domestic Use for sulphate (200 mg/l) was used as a baseline value when

creating this contour map. The map indicates the presence of a localized Zone of Influence

(ZOI) at borehole AV6 only, which is consistent with the historically poor water quality

observed at the borehole. Sulphate concentrations at AV6 have fluctuated over time, refer

to Figure 4-3. EC, TDS, calcium, magnesium, sodium, nitrite and metal concentrations (iron

and manganese) consistently exceeded the DWAF and/or SANS guidelines throughout 2017.

It is therefore probable that AV6 intersects the ZOI of the Aviemore underground workings,

however, the salt, sulphate and metal concentrations do not significantly exceed the

standards and the impact of the mine is considered moderately low.

Figure 4-2: Groundwater sulphate Zone of Influence map for Aviemore


17-0359 27 March 2018 Page 8

Figure 4-3: Groundwater sulphate time trend graph

4.2.2 Surface Water Quality

Most of the surface water monitoring points (AS1, AS2, AS4, AS6, AS7, AS8, JB Font

1, GK Spring 1 and GK Spring 2) were moved and therefore, both historical data for

the original localities and current data for the new localities have been provided;

refer to Figure 4-4 and Figure 4-5, respectively. These points were intermittently

sampled as the sites were dry for most of the 2017 monitoring period. However, due

to a rainfall event in December 2017, stream flow was relatively high during the 4th

quarter monitoring event, which allowed sampling of most of the surface water sites.

Surface water sites AS3 and AV Spring were the only monitoring points that remained

within their original localities and were consistently sampled in 2017. Both AS3 and

AV Spring have exhibited relatively good water quality both historically and presently

with predominantly low salt, sulphate (refer to Figure 4-4) and metal concentrations.

Low sulphate concentrations were measured at all surface water sites in 2017 and

did not exceed 68 mg/l (AS7), refer to Figure 4-4 and Figure 4-5. This indicates a low

impact from contaminated runoff or baseflow seepage as a result of mine workings

and surface infrastructure. Intermittently elevated calcium and nitrite

concentrations were evident at most of the monitoring points; however, other salt

bearing cations and anions remain below the DWAF guidelines. Slightly elevated

aluminium, iron and manganese concentrations were also detected; however,

elevated metals are frequently observed at the surface water monitoring sites around

Aviemore and is attributed to suspended sediments, typically clay, in the water.


17-0359 27 March 2018 Page 9

Figure 4-4: Surface water sulphate time trend graph for the original monitoring point localities

Figure 4-5: Surface water sulphate time trend graph for the new monitoring point localities


17-0359 27 March 2018 Page 10

5 CONCLUSIONS

The following conclusions were made during this assessment:

The current water quality at most of the boreholes is relatively good with no

significant impact from the mine. The water quality at borehole AV6 has shown an

overall improvement since 2015; however, the concentrations still predominantly

exceed the DWAF guidelines. The data indicates the presence of a Zone of Influence

created by the Aviemore mine workings. However, as the mine water indicator

elements are not significantly high and appear to be localized at AV6, the impact of

the mine is considered moderately low.

The water level data indicates stable trends at most boreholes. However, borehole

AV8 has historically shown large fluctuations in water levels over time as well as

during the 2017 monitoring period. It is unlikely that the change in water level is due

to mine dewatering as no other boreholes indicate a significant change in water level.

It is possible that a geological structure such as a dyke may be influencing the local

water levels of this borehole. However, the data indicates localized groundwater

abstraction. GCS are not aware of any abstraction boreholes in this area.

Most of the surface water monitoring points, that form part of the approved

monitoring program, were dry throughout 2017 and therefore intermittent

monitoring data has been collected for these sites. The hydrochemistry results for all

sites sampled exhibited low sulphate concentrations and neutral pH conditions. This

indicates no significant impact from the mine workings as a result of contaminated

storm water runoff or as baseflow seepage.

5.1 Recommendations

The following recommendations are made:

A small scale investigation into the source of poor water quality at AV6 is

recommended. This should include further sampling of groundwater within the mine

and in the vicinity of AV6, a ground resistivity survey to identify the position of

current/abandoned underground workings in this area and EC profiling to identify the

elevation of contaminated seepage within the borehole.

An aquifer test and geophysical survey to delineate potential geological fracture

zones at borehole AV8 is recommended.


17-0359 27 March 2018 Page 11

6 REFERENCES

Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (1996). South African Water Quality Guidelines,

Volume 1, Domestic Use. DWAF, Pretoria.

SABS (2015). South African National Standards, Drinking Water. SANS 241-1:2015 Edition 2.


17-0359 27 March 2018 Page 12

APPENDIX A: WATER LEVEL DATA

Borehole ID 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter

Date 2017/03/30 2017/06/15 2017/09/22 2018/01/04

AV2 23.18 23.7 23.19 23.39

AV6 23.2 22.22 23.86 21.71

AV8 12.58 12 22.14

Swart Dam BH 4 7.43 8.7 0.96

JBBH2 8 8.97 6.48


17-0359 27 March 2018 Page 13

APPENDIX B: MONITORING MAP


17-0359 27 March 2018 Page 14

APPENDIX C: FIELD DATA

Site ID Latitude (wgs84) Longitude (wgs84) SWL (mbgl) pH EC (mS/m) Temp (˚C) TDS (mg/L) Comments

Groundwater

AV2 -28.0870 30.2377 23.39 6.9 57 23.6 280 The water is clear with no odour. The borehole is in good condition.

AV4 -28.0909 30.2421 N/A 7.5 15 26 70 The water is taken from a tap at the workshop and mixed with spring water from the mountains.

AV6 -28.0967 30.2364 21.71 6.4 111 22.2 550 The water is clear but malodorous. The area around the borehole is densely vegetated.

AV8 -28.0870 30.2403 22.14 6.7 45 23 220 The water is clear with no odour. The borehole is not locked.

Swart Dam BH -28.1016 30.1940 0.96 7.5 13 21.8 60 The water is orange with no odour. The borehole is open to the atmosphere.

JB BH2 -28.0998 30.1864 6.48 No comment.

Site ID Latitude (wgs84) Longitude (wgs84) SWL (mbgl) pH EC (mS/m) Temp (˚C) TDS (mg/L) Comments

Surface Water

AS1 -28.0732 30.2141 N/A 7.6 56 23.1 270 The water is clear with no odour. The stream is not flowing.

AS2 -28.0735 30.2158 N/A 7.7 8 24.3 30 The water is not clear. Stream flow is high.

AS3 -28.0847 30.2408 N/A 7.3 6 27.4 20 The water is brown. The dam level is high.

AS4 -28.0819 30.2383 N/A No comment.

AS5 -28.0756 30.2332 N/A No comment.

AS6 -28.1016 30.2451 N/A 8.6 36 25.5 170 Stream flow is low.



AV Spring -28.0981 30.2350 N/A 7.2 24 23.7 110 The water is clear with no odour.

SCH Spring -28.0992 30.2062 N/A No comment.

JB Font 1 -28.1024 30.1881 N/A 7.3 22 20.9 110 The water is clear with no odour.

GK Spring 1 -28.1035 30.223 N/A 7.5 17 24.6 80 The water is clear. Stream flow is high.

GK Spring 2 -28.1131 30.2292 N/A 7.6 6 22.4 20 The stream is usually dry; however due to a rainfall event in December 2017, the flow is high.


17-0359 27 March 2018 Page 15

APPENDIX D: HYDROCHEMISTRY DATA

Surface Water Quality January 2018 AS 1 AS 2 AS 3 AS 4

1996 DWAF

Domestic Use

Guideline

2015 SABS SANS 241-1 Standards

DETERMINANT UNIT Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17 Jan-18 Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17 Jan-18 Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17 Jan-18 Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17 Jan-18

Conductivity (EC) mS/m

Dry Dry Dry

59.00

Dry Dry Dry

9.20 10.40 12.00 17.00 7.10 11.10

Dry Dry Dry

70 170

pH 7.80 7.20 7.42 7.30 7.20 7.00 6.89 6 5

9 9.7

Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 370.00 60.00 48.63 100.00 740.00 50.00 52.54 450 1200

Calcium mg/l 79.00 4.50 6.27 9.60 9.40 4.90 6.72 32 n/s

Chloride mg/l 6.70 2.30 2.41 2.60 6.90 2.30 2.29 100 300

Magnesium mg/l 23.00 3.60 4.49 6.00 5.60 3.00 4.68 30 n/s

Potassium mg/l 3.90 1.80 3.94 5.30 6.50 4.10 3.70 50 n/s

Sodium mg/l 14.00 7.10 2.11 3.50 9.60 2.80 2.01 100 200

Sulphate mg/l 50.00 2.30 1.50 2.10 6.60 3.20 3.58 200 250

Aluminium mg/l <0.003 67.00 0.54 2.50 <0.02 25.00 0.52 0.15 0.3

Fluoride mg/l <0.05 0.36 0.16 <0.05 0.19 <0.05 0.15 1 1.5

Iron mg/l <0.05 <0.05 0.77 1.80 <0.05 0.98 1.29 0.1 2

Manganese mg/l <0.002 0.11 0.04 0.01 0.38 0.04 <0.01 0.05 0.5

Nitrate mg/l <0.1 0.90 <0.35 <0.1 2.00 <0.1 <0.35 6 11

Nitrite mg/l 1.30 0.60 <0.01 <0.5 <0.5 0.60 <0.01 n/s 0.9

Orthophosphate mg/l <0.080 <0.080 <0.03 <0.080 <0.080 <0.080 <0.03 n/s n/s

Total Alkalinity mg/l 287.00 43.00 44.00 63.00 70.00 38.00 46.00 n/s n/s

Surface Water Quality January 2018 AS 6 AS7 AS 8 AV Spring 1996 DWAF Domestic

Use Guideline

2015 SABS SANS

241-1 Standards DETERMINANT UNIT Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17 Jan-18 Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17 Jan-18 Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17 Jan-18 Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17 Jan-18

Conductivity (EC) mS/m

Dry Dry Dry

39.00

Dry Dry Dry

48.00

Dry Dry Dry

31.00 51.80 50.00 16.00 41.00 70 170

pH 8.60 7.90 7.40 7.47 8.20 6.90 7.60 6 5

9 9.7


Calcium mg/l 40.00 43.00 21.00 54.50 54.00 12.00 45.00 32 n/s

Chloride mg/l 14.00 13.00 33.00 34.30 35.00 2.40 24.00 100 300

Magnesium mg/l 18.00 23.00 14.00 16.30 17.00 6.90 15.00 30 n/s

Potassium mg/l 4.50 4.40 6.80 1.66 1.50 0.30 1.30 50 n/s

Sodium mg/l 14.00 22.00 15.00 22.60 24.00 8.40 19.00 100 200

Sulphate mg/l 23.00 68.00 32.00 13.70 14.00 3.90 16.00 200 250

Aluminium mg/l 0.05 0.10 1.50 <0.01 <0.003 <0.02 0.69 0.15 0.3

Fluoride mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.09 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 1 1.5

Iron mg/l 0.10 0.12 0.78 <0.01 0.15 <0.05 0.34 0.1 2

Manganese mg/l 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.01 <0.002 <0.01 0.01 0.05 0.5

Nitrate mg/l <0.1 <0.1 0.20 <0.35 0.60 <0.1 0.70 6 11

Nitrite mg/l 2.60 1.90 4.20 <0.01 <0.5 <0.5 3.30 n/s 0.9

Orthophosphate mg/l <0.080 <0.080 <0.080 <0.03 <0.080 <0.080 <0.080 n/s n/s



17-0359 27 March 2018 Page 16

Surface Water Quality January 2018

JB Font 1 GK Spring 1 GK Spring 2 SCH Spring 1996 DWAF Domestic

Use Guideline

2015 SABS SANS 241-1 Standards DETERMINANT UNIT Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17 Jan-18 Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17 Jan-18 Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17 Jan-18 Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17 Jan-18

Conductivity (EC) mS/m 20.90

Dry

22.00 21.00 20.50

Dry Dry

19.00

Dry Dry Dry

7.50

Dry Dry

22.00

Dry

70 170

pH 7.00 7.10 6.50 8.02 7.60 7.30 7.90 6 5

9 9.7


Calcium mg/l 16.90 19.00 18.00 17.90 18.00 5.00 20.00 32 n/s

Chloride mg/l 3.20 3.00 5.10 1.28 5.10 2.20 2.10 100 300

Magnesium mg/l 11.50 12.00 12.00 9.38 10.00 4.10 11.00 30 n/s

Potassium mg/l 0.48 0.70 2.90 0.46 3.40 0.20 0.50 50 n/s

Sodium mg/l 5.96 7.10 7.00 6.49 7.30 3.70 7.80 100 200

Sulphate mg/l 1.78 2.10 1.60 2.77 3.50 2.00 1.50 200 250

Aluminium mg/l 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.29 1.10 0.85 <0.02 0.15 0.3

Fluoride mg/l <0.09 <0.05 0.70 0.11 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 1 1.5

Iron mg/l 0.02 <0.05 <0.05 0.16 0.36 0.59 0.07 0.1 2

Manganese mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.002 <0.01 <0.002 <0.002 <0.01 0.05 0.5

Nitrate mg/l <0.35 <0.1 <0.1 <0.35 0.40 <0.1 <0.1 6 11

Nitrite mg/l <0.01 <0.5 2.00 <0.01 1.20 <0.5 <0.5 n/s 0.9

Orthophosphate mg/l <0.03 <0.080 <0.080 0.09 <0.080 <0.080 <0.080 n/s n/s


Groundwater Quality January 2018 AV 2 AV 4 AV 6 AV 8 1996 DWAF Domestic

Use Guideline


DETERMINANT UNIT Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17 Jan-18 Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17 Jan-18 Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17 Jan-18 Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17 Jan-18

Conductivity (EC) mS/m 67.00 65.00 69.00 63.00 20.90 23.00 40.00 17.00 167.00 150.00 200.00 126.00 49.60 48.00 51.00 50.00 70 170

pH 7.29 8.10 7.30 6.90 7.90 7.80 8.00 6.80 6.94 7.20 6.90 6.60 7.23 8.30 7.20 7.10 6 5

9 9.7

Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 338.76 370.00 410.00 390.00 102.59 120.00 230.00 140.00 1012.19 940.00 1200.00 870.00 244.13 280.00 280.00 280.00 450 1200

Calcium mg/l 67.60 71.00 69.00 70.00 14.80 17.00 24.00 12.00 173.00 159.00 191.00 143.00 34.30 37.00 38.00 38.00 32 n/s

Chloride mg/l 8.35 7.40 7.10 9.10 11.70 12.00 19.00 9.30 78.20 74.00 97.00 44.00 6.92 6.00 5.60 9.30 100 300

Magnesium mg/l 33.80 32.00 30.00 33.00 6.79 8.30 11.00 6.20 50.60 43.00 45.00 41.00 22.80 21.00 21.00 23.00 30 n/s

Potassium mg/l 2.98 2.60 3.00 6.20 2.38 2.70 5.10 4.10 5.04 4.20 6.20 8.70 1.34 1.30 1.30 5.00 50 n/s

Sodium mg/l 19.60 22.00 21.00 22.00 11.10 14.00 33.00 8.60 111.00 98.00 164.00 64.00 30.60 33.00 32.00 32.00 100 200

Sulphate mg/l 1.22 0.71 1.20 1.40 19.60 22.00 41.00 19.00 275.00 241.00 343.00 141.00 5.50 6.20 6.70 8.70 200 250

Aluminium mg/l <0.01 <0.003 <0.02 0.00 <0.01 0.01 0.14 <0.003 <0.01 <0.003 <0.02 <0.003 <0.01 <0.003 <0.02 <0.003 0.15 0.3

Fluoride mg/l <0.09 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.09 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.09 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.30 <0.05 0.14 <0.05 1 1.5

Iron mg/l 0.01 0.21 <0.05 <0.05 <0.01 <0.050 0.08 <0.05 0.11 0.55 <0.05 0.13 0.16 0.11 0.07 <0.05 0.1 2

Manganese mg/l <0.01 0.02 0.06 0.02 <0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.82 1.40 0.98 0.70 0.01 0.04 <0.01 <0.002 0.05 0.5

Nitrate mg/l <0.35 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.51 2.90 1.10 0.90 <0.35 0.30 0.10 <0.1 <0.35 0.10 <0.1 <0.1 6 11

Nitrite mg/l <0.01 <0.5 <0.5 2.00 <0.01 <0.5 <0.5 1.50 0.86 4.00 4.30 4.90 <0.01 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 n/s 0.9

Orthophosphate mg/l <0.03 <0.080 <0.080 <0.080 <0.03 <0.080 <0.080 <0.080 <0.03 <0.080 <0.080 <0.080 <0.03 <0.080 <0.080 <0.080 n/s n/s

Total Alkalinity mg/l 342.00 377.00 371.00 358.00 56.60 65.00 110.00 46.00 526.00 557.00 611.00 520.00 237.00 264.00 266.00 265.00 n/s n/s


17-0359 27 March 2018 Page 17

Groundwater Quality January 2018 Swart Dam BH JB BH2 1996 DWAF Domestic Use Guideline


DETERMINANT UNIT Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17 Jan-18 Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17 Jan-18

Conductivity (EC) mS/m 14.90 21.00 19.00 14.00

Pump Installed

26.00

Limited Space for Bailer

Pump Not in Use

70 170

pH 7.05 7.20 7.40 6.40 7.60 6 5

9 9.7

Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 73.60 120.00 100.00 110.00 120.00 450 1200

Calcium mg/l 10.97 18.00 9.70 8.50 17.00 32 n/s

Chloride mg/l 9.11 3.70 7.50 11.00 7.00 100 300

Magnesium mg/l 6.73 11.00 8.70 6.60 16.00 30 n/s

Potassium mg/l 0.26 0.40 0.60 2.70 0.30 50 n/s

Sodium mg/l 8.63 6.20 12.00 7.60 12.00 100 200

Sulphate mg/l 5.41 1.80 1.20 4.10 3.80 200 250

Aluminium mg/l <0.01 <0.003 <0.02 <0.003 <0.003 0.15 0.3

Fluoride mg/l <0.09 0.22 <0.05 <0.05 0.22 1 1.5

Iron mg/l <0.01 0.06 0.14 <0.05 0.06 0.1 2

Manganese mg/l 0.14 <0.002 0.03 0.33 0.12 0.05 0.5

Nitrate mg/l <0.35 <0.1 <0.1 1.10 <0.1 6 11

Nitrite mg/l 0.02 <0.5 <0.5 1.90 <0.5 n/s 0.9

Orthophosphate mg/l <0.03 <0.080 <0.080 <0.080 <0.080 n/s n/s

Total Alkalinity mg/l 53.80 105.00 80.00 60.00 133.00 n/s n/s


17-0359 27 March 2018 Page 18

APPENDIX E: PROPOSED MONITORING PROGRAM

Documents

APPENDIX 23 - gcs-sa.biz...17-0359 2 January 2018 Page ii Report Version – Final 27 March 2018 Zinoju Coal 17-0359 DOCUMENT ISSUE STATUS Report Issue Final GCS Reference Number GCS