APPENDIX 1 EXPLANATION OF TERMS · Korean War veterans, and report its findings to the Government. The Korean War, fought between June 1950 and July 1953, is recognised by the Australian

Explanation of Terms

APPENDIX 1

EXPLANATION OF TERMS

Appendix 1–1

Explanation of Terms

Appendix 1–2

Definitions

APPENDIX 1 PART 1

DEFINITIONS AND GLOSSARY

‘Warlike’ and ‘non-warlike’ Note: These definitions flow from a Government decision in 1994 on a reform program to standardise conditions of service entitlements for deployed ADF members. For this purpose, conditions of service include allowances, additional leave, medals, veterans’ entitlements, tax, home loans, and other benefits provided in the period before, during and after deployed service. Warlike operations are those military activities where the application of force is authorised to pursue specific military objectives and there is an expectation of casualties. These operations can encompass but are not limited to: • a state of declared war; • conventional combat operations against an armed adversary; and • Peace Enforcement operations which are military operations in support of

diplomatic efforts to restore peace between belligerents who may not be consenting to intervention and may be engaged in combat activities. Normally, but not necessarily always, they will be conducted under Chapter VII of the UN Charter, where the application of all necessary force is authorised to restore peace and security or other like tasks.

Non-warlike operations are those military activities short of warlike operations where there is a risk associated with the assigned task(s) and where the application of force is limited to self defence. Casualties could occur but are not expected. These operations encompass but are not limited to: • Hazardous. Activities exposing individuals or units to a degree of hazard above

and beyond that of normal peacetime duty such as mine avoidance and clearance, weapons inspections and destruction, Defence Force aid to civil power, service protected or assisted evacuations and other operations requiring the application of minimum force to effect the protection of personnel or property, or other like activities.

• Peacekeeping. Peacekeeping is an operation involving military personnel,

without powers of enforcement, to help restore and maintain peace in an area of conflict with the consent of all parties. These operations can encompass but are not limited to:

- activities short of peace enforcement where the authorisation of the

application of force is normally limited to minimum force necessary for self defence;

Appendix 1–3

Definitions

- activities, such as the enforcement of sanctions in a relatively benign environment which expose individuals or units to 'hazards' as described above under hazardous;

- military observer activities with the tasks of monitoring ceasefires, re-

directing and alleviating ceasefire tensions, providing 'good offices' for negotiations and the impartial verification of assistance or ceasefire agreements, and other like activities; or

- activities that would normally involve the provision of humanitarian relief.

Sources: Department of Veterans’ Affairs, Operational service and qualifying service: different concepts, different purposes. Department of Defence, ADF Pay and Conditions Manual, Chapter 17.

Appendix 1–4

Acronyms and abbreviations

APPENDIX 1 PART 2

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AASM Australian Active Service Medal

AAT Administrative Appeals Tribunal

ARA Australian Regular Army

ASM Australian Service Medal

AWM Australian War Memorial

BCOF British Commonwealth Occupation Forces [Japan]

BCFK British Commonwealth Forces Korea

Brit Com British Commonwealth

CCF Chinese Communist Forces

CCK Commonwealth Contingent Korea

CDF Chief of the Defence Force

CIDA Committee of Inquiry into Defence and Defence Related Awards, 1993–94

CO Commanding Officer

COMWEL Div Commonwealth Division

CPV Chinese People’s Volunteers

CTU Commander Task Unit [Navy]

DML Demarcation Line

DMZ Demilitarised Zone

DVA Department of Veterans’ Affairs

FARELF [British] Far East Land Forces

GOC General Officer Commanding

GSM General Service Medal

JOT Joint Observer Team [of the NNSC]

KATCOM Korean [soldier] attached to Commonwealth forces

KPA [North] Korean People Army

KWVARC Korean War Veterans of Australia Recognition Committee

LMG Light Machine-Gun [Bren gun]

MAC Military Armistice Commission

MDL Military Demarcation Line

NGSM Naval General Service Medal

NNSC Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission

NZ New Zealand

OP Observation Post

PLA [Chinese] People’s Liberation Army

PW Prisoner of War

Appendix 1–5

Acronyms and abbreviations

RAAF Royal Australian Air Force

RAN Royal Australian Navy

RAR Royal Australian Regiment [eg 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, is abbreviated as ‘1 RAR’]

RASB Returned from Active Service Badge

RASC [British] Royal Army Service Corps

RFA Royal Fleet Auxiliary

RN Royal Navy

RNZA Royal New Zealand Artillery

ROK Republic of Korea [South Korea]

RSL Returned and Services League of Australia

SEACDT South East Asia Collective Defence Treaty

SEATO South East Asia Treaty Organisation

UK United Kingdom

UN United Nations

UNC United Nations Command

UNCURK United Nations Committee for the Unification and Rehabilitation of Korea

USAF United States Air Force

USMC United States Marine Corps

VEA Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986

Appendix 1–6

Public notices

APPENDIX 2 PUBLIC NOTICES The Minister Assisting the Minister for Defence, the Honourable De-Anne Kelly BE MP, issued the following media release on 16 March 2005, announcing the setting up of the current Review:

REVIEW OF KOREAN MEDAL ENTITLEMENTS

The Australian Government has set up an independent review into the level of recognition of service following the armistice in Korea in 1953. An estimated 5000 Australians served in Korea following the armistice until August 1957. The Minister Assisting the Minister for Defence, De-Anne Kelly, said a review panel had been established to investigate the appropriateness of the award of the Australian Active Service Medal 1945–1975 with clasp "Korea" and the Returned from Active Service Badge for this period of service in Korea. Rear Admiral Ian Crawford, AO, RAN (Retd), a former Korean War veteran, and former Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives Garry Nehl will jointly chair the review. "Korean War veterans from this period have been concerned about their level of recognition for some time and it is appropriate that this service be given the fullest consideration," Mrs Kelly said. The independent review panel will consult with relevant veterans' organisations, including Korean War veterans, and report its findings to the Government. The Korean War, fought between June 1950 and July 1953, is recognised by the Australian Active Service Medal 1945–75 - Korea and the British Korea Medal. The United Nations Service Medal was awarded for service from 1953 until 1954. Service after armistice currently attracts the Australian Service Medal 1945–75 - Korea.

Appendix 2–1

Public notices

The Review placed the following public notice in these newspapers on Saturday 2 July 2005, calling for submissions to the Review:

The Australian The Sydney Morning Herald The Age (Melbourne) The Courier Mail (Brisbane) The Advertiser (Adelaide) The West Australian The Mercury (Hobart) The Canberra Times The Northern Territory News.

POST-ARMISTICE SERVICE IN KOREA— REVIEW OF MEDAL ENTITLEMENTS

CALL FOR SUBMISSIONS

The Australian Government has set up an independent review into the level of recognition of service following the armistice in Korea in 1953. The Working Party will investigate the appropriateness of the award of the Australian Active Service Medal 1945–1975 with clasp “Korea” and the Returned from Active Service Badge for this period of service in Korea. Rear Admiral Ian Crawford AO, AM (Mil), RAN (Retd), a Korean War veteran, and former Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives Mr Garry Nehl AM will jointly chair the Working Party. The other members are Ms Colleen Thurgar AM of the Order of Australia Association, and Brigadier Gordon Jones AM (Retd). The Working Party is now calling for submissions from interested individuals and groups. Submissions should relate to the terms of reference for the review outlined below and be forwarded to reach the secretary by no later than 31 July 2005 at the following address: The Secretary Post-Armistice Korean Service Review Honours and Awards T-1-39 Department of Defence CANBERRA ACT 2600 Email: [email protected] (02) 6266 1287 The Working Party expects to conduct a series of public hearing days in major centres around Australia. Full details will be advertised in the media and through ex-Service organisations closer to the time.

[THE TERMS OF REFERENCE WERE ALSO INCLUDED]

Appendix 2–2

mailto:[email protected]

Public notices

The Review launched a website in early July, setting out the Terms of Reference and other relevant information about the Review. The website is at http://www.defence.gov.au/dpe/dpe_site/honours_awards/paksr/ The Minister issued the following media release on 18 July 2005, reinforcing the invitation for interested persons to make submissions to the Review:

CALL FOR SUBMISSIONS TO KOREAN MEDALS REVIEW

An independent review is seeking submissions on the level of recognition of service by Australians in Korea following the 1953 armistice. An estimated 5,000 Australians served in Korea from that time until August 1957. The Minister Assisting the Minister for Defence, De-Anne Kelly, said the Working Party conducting the review was interested in hearing from interested individuals and groups about the appropriateness of the award of the Australian Active Service Medal 1945–1975 with clasp “Korea” and the Returned from Active Service Badge for this period of service in Korea. Rear Admiral Ian Crawford AO, AM (Mil), RAN (Retd), a Korean War veteran, and former Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives, Mr Garry Nehl AM are jointly chairing the Working Party. The other members are Ms Colleen Thurgar AM of the Order of Australia Association, and Brigadier Gordon Jones AM (Retd). “It is important for people who might be interested in making a submission to the review to have the opportunity to make their views available. The Working Party will consult widely, and it needs as much input as possible on the nature of service during this period”, Mrs Kelly said. Submissions should relate to the terms of reference for the review (copy attached) and be forwarded to the following address by 31 July 2005: The Secretary Post-Armistice Korean Service Review Honours and Awards T-1-39 Department of Defence CANBERRA ACT 2600 Email: [email protected] Ph: (02) 6266 1287 Fax: (02) 6266 1213 Website: http://www.defence.gov.au/dpe/dpe_site/honours_awards/paksr/ The Working Party expects to conduct a series of public hearings in major centres around Australia. Full details will be advertised in the media and through ex-Service organisations closer to the time.

[THE TERMS OF REFERENCE WERE ALSO INCLUDED]

Appendix 2–3

http://www.defence.gov.au/dpe/dpe_site/honours_awards/paksr/



Public notices

The Review placed the following public notice in these newspapers on Saturday 30 July 2005, advertising the program of public hearings (see Appendix 4):


The public hearings were also advertised in the NSW South Coast Register (Nowra) on Wednesday 3 August 2005. (The public notice is reproduced on the next page.)

Appendix 2–4

Public notices

POST-ARMISTICE SERVICE IN KOREA— REVIEW OF MEDAL ENTITLEMENTS

PUBLIC HEARINGS

The Australian Government has set up an independent review into the level of recognition of service following the armistice in Korea in 1953. The Working Party is investigating the appropriateness of the award of the Australian Active Service Medal 1945–1975 with clasp “Korea” and the Returned from Active Service Badge for this period of service in Korea. Rear Admiral Ian Crawford AO, AM (Mil), RAN (Retd), a Korean War veteran, and former Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives Mr Garry Nehl AM are jointly chairing the Working Party. The other members are Ms Colleen Thurgar AM of the Order of Australia Association, and Brigadier Gordon Jones AM (Retd). The Working Party will shortly conduct a series of public hearings around Australia. Full details are shown below.

Location Date Starting Time Venue

Perth, WA Monday 15 August 2005 10.00 am Commonwealth Parliament Offices Exchange Plaza, 2 The Esplanade Perth, tel. (08) 9260 5000

Canberra, ACT Wednesday 17 August 2005 10.00 am Senate Room 1S6 17 August Thursday 18 August 2005 10.00 am Senate Room 1S3 18 August

Parliament House, Canberra tel. (02) 6277 7111

Melbourne, VIC Monday 22 August 2005 10.00 am Parliament House Melbourne Tuesday 23 August 2005 10.00 am tel. (03) 9651 8340

Hobart, TAS Wednesday 24 August 2005 10.00 am Parliament House Hobart tel. (03) 6233 2320

Adelaide, SA Thursday 25 August 2005 10.00 am Parliament House Adelaide tel. (08) 8237 9100

Sydney, NSW Monday 5 September 2005 10.00 am Commonwealth Parliamentary Offices Level 10, 70 Phillip Street, Sydney Tuesday 6 September 2005 10.00 am tel. (02) 9247 8282

Nowra, NSW Wednesday 7 September 2005 10.00 am Shoalhaven City Council Administrative CentreThursday 8 September 2005 10.00 am Bridge Road, Nowra, tel. (02) 4429 3111

Brisbane, QLD Friday 9 September 2005 10.00 am Level 36, Waterfront Place 1 Eagle Street, Brisbane tel. (07) 3001 8900

If you are interested in appearing as a witness at the hearings, or would like further information about them, please telephone the review secretariat on (02) 6266 1287 or email [email protected]. The review website is at http://www.defence.gov.au/dpe/dpe_site/honours_awards/paksr/ The Secretary Post-Armistice Korean Service Review T-4-11 Department of Defence CANBERRA ACT 2600

Appendix 2–5



Public notices

Appendix 2–6

Submissions

APPENDIX 3 LIST OF SUBMISSIONS Public notices inviting submissions to the Review appeared in the following newspapers on Saturday 2 July 2005 (see Appendix 2):


Letters were sent to the following associations on 7 July 2005, inviting them to make submissions to the Review:

36 Squadron (RAAF) Association NSW Inc 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment Association 77 Squadron Association Association of 1st Infantry Battalions Association of Queensland Korea Veterans Australia Defence Association Australian Federation of Totally & Permanently Incapacitated Ex Servicemen & Women Australian Korea Veterans Association Australian Veterans & Defence Services Council Bundaberg and District Korean Veterans Fleet Air Arm Association of Australia HMAS ANZAC Association HMAS BATAAN Association HMAS CONDAMINE Association HMAS CULGOA Association HMAS MURCHISON Association HMAS SYDNEY Association HMAS TOBRUK Association HMAS WARRAMUNGA Association Korea & South East Asia Forces Association of Australia Korea & South East Asia Forces Association of Australia (NSW) Korea Veterans Association of Australia Korea Veterans RSL Sub-Branch Korea Veterans Tasmania Korea War Veterans Association NSW Korean War Veterans Association, Sunshine Coast Korea-SE Asia-Vietnam Veterans Association, Ballina & Districts Legacy Co-ordinating Council Mid-North Coast Korea Veterans Association Naval Association of Australia RAAF Association Regular Defence Force Welfare Association Returned and Services League of Australia Royal Australian Regiment Association Royal United Services Institute of Australia The 2nd Battalion, The Royal Australian Regiment Association Vietnam Veterans Association of Australia Vietnam Veterans Federation of Australia War Widows Guild of Australia

Appendix 3–1

Submissions

Submissions were received from the following persons. (This list does not include those who sent form letters supporting the case presented by the Korean War Veterans of Australia Recognition Committee.)

Submission Representing Lt Col Colin Adamson (Retd) Dr Rod Bain RSL, NSW Branch Mr Alf Baker Mr Carey Bell Mr Colin Berryman OAM Mr John Bullen Mr F J (Jack) Casey Korean War Veterans of Australia Recognition

Committee Mr K J Casey Mr John Caspar Mr Rod Clarey Cecil Clarey (deceased), brother Mr Frank Connelly Mr Stan Connelly 3 RAR Association, Victoria Cmdr Peter Cooke-Russell RAN Naval Association of Australia (Retd) Mr George Cooper Mrs Christine Coulthard OAM Korea & South East Asia Forces Association of

Australia, National Office and ACT Branch Maj Gen Bill Crews AO (Retd) RSL National Headquarters Mr Peter Cundall Mr K R Dean 2nd Battalion The Royal Australian Regiment

Association Mr James de Turt Mr Bernard Devine Hervey Bay Korea War Veterans Social Club Mr Vic Dey OAM Korean Veterans Association of Australia Mr Jim Duffield Mr Brian Drynan RSL, Rathdowney Sub-Branch Mr D R Dyson Mr Don Etheredge RSL, Korea Veterans Sub-Branch Dr George Franki Mr John Giersch Mr J A Grey MBE RSL, Woronora River Sub-Branch Mr Colin Guy Mr Tom Hamilton Mrs Shelley Hancock MP Member for South Coast, NSW Parliament Mr A. Hanson Mr Maxwell Hayes Mr Cyril Holman Mr David Irving Mr David Jamieson Mr Kevin Johnston RSL, City of Blacktown Sub-Branch Capt John Lancaster AM, RAN HMAS CONDAMINE Association (Retd)

Appendix 3–2

Submissions

Submission Representing Mr George Lang Association of Queensland Korea Veterans

Incorporated Australia Cdre N E Lee RAN (Retd) Col Allan Limburg (Retd) Lt Col E T Lynes (Retd) Australian Legion of Ex-Servicemen and

Women Mr Stuart McCann Mr Brian Macauley RA Signals Association, Western Australia Mr R T McElwaine RFD, ED RSL, Sherwood-Indooroopilly Sub-Branch Mr Rick Machin Mr Leonard Maldon Mr Bob Morris, Mr Rod Coupland Korean War Veterans of Australia Recognition and others Committee Mr J A Murrels Mr Tony Oakford Korea Veterans Tasmania Mr Jack Patten CMC, JP Mr Maurie Pears Mr John Phillips Mr Allan Price Wing Cmdr John Prout (Retd) Mr Malcolm Randall JP RSL, City of Campbelltown Sub-Branch Capt Gordon Reynolds (Retd) Mr Ronald Ridley Mr Kevin Roberts OAM, JP Sqn Ldr Alan Royston (Retd) Mr Charles Shaw Mr Gil Sheppard Mr Peter Sigal Mr John Simmons Mr Rod Simpson JP Mr Robert Simpson Mr Roy Slapp Bundaberg & District Korean War Veterans

Association Mr Brian Small Mr Peter Smith HMAS CULGOA Association Mr Ric Smith AO, PSM Department of Defence Mr T J Smith Mr Ken Snell Royal Australian Regiment Association, ACT

Branch Mr Tom Stewart JP Mr Peter Wesley Sqn Ldr Ken Williamson OAM (Retd) Mr Ray Willmot Korea Veterans Tasmania Mr Peter Wilson JP RSL, Bass Hill Sub-Branch Mr John Xuereb

Appendix 3–3

Submissions

Appendix 3–4

Hearings and witnesses

APPENDIX 4 LIST OF HEARINGS AND WITNESSES Public hearings for the review were advertised in the following newspapers on Saturday 30 July 2005 (see Appendix 2):


The public hearings were also advertised in the NSW South Coast Register (Nowra) on Wednesday 3 August 2005. The hearings were held at the following venues. Some local adjustments were made to enable earlier starting times in Hobart, Sydney and Nowra. The advertised second day of hearings was not required in Canberra. No witnesses attended the hearing in Adelaide.

Location Date Time Venue

Perth, WA 15 August 2005 10.00 am Commonwealth Parliament Offices Exchange Plaza, 2 The Esplanade Perth

Canberra, ACT 17 August 2005 10.00 am Parliament House Canberra

Melbourne, VIC 22 August 2005 10.00 am Parliament House Melbourne 23 August 2005 10.00 am

Hobart, TAS 24 August 2005 9.30 am Parliament House Hobart

Adelaide, SA 25 August 2005 10.00 am Parliament House Adelaide

Sydney, NSW 5 September 2005 10.00 am Commonwealth Parliamentary Offices Level 10, 70 Phillip Street 6 September 2005 9.00 am Sydney

Nowra, NSW 7 September 2005 10.00 am Shoalhaven City Council Administrative Centre Bridge Road 8 September 2005 9.00 am Nowra

Brisbane, QLD 9 September 2005 10.00 am Level 36, Waterfront Place 1 Eagle Street Brisbane

Appendix 4–1


The following persons gave evidence at the hearings:

Witness Representing Service in Korea Perth, Monday morning 15 August 2005. Rear Admiral Crawford chairing.

John Xuereb Private citizen Army, post-Armistice Gordon Reynolds Private citizen Army, post-Armistice Garry Burgoyne Korea & SE Asia Veterans -

Association of WA Canberra, Wednesday morning 17 August 2005. Mr Nehl chairing.

John Prout RAAF, post-Armistice Colin Berryman Army, post-Armistice

Canberra, Wednesday afternoon 17 August 2005. Mr Nehl chairing.

Commodore Mark Watson & Department of Defence - Mr Pat Clarke Dr Keith Horsley Department of Veterans’ Affairs -

(epidemiology studies) Melbourne, Monday morning 22 August 2005. Rear Admiral Crawford chairing.

Stan & Frank Connelly Private citizens Army, pre-Armistice Alf Argent Legacy Army, pre-Armistice Don Etheredge RSL Korea Veterans Sub-Branch Red Cross, pre- & post-Armistice Stuart McCann Private citizen Army, pre-Armistice Jack Blankley RSL Korea Veterans Sub-Branch Army, pre-Armistice

Melbourne, Monday afternoon 22 August 2005. Rear Admiral Crawford chairing.

Alan McDonald Private citizen Army, pre- & post-Armistice Ken Goudie Private citizen Army, pre-Armistice

Melbourne, Tuesday morning 23 August 2005. Rear Admiral Crawford chairing.

David Irving Private citizen (by telephone) Army, pre-Armistice Hobart, Wednesday morning 24 August 2005. Mr Nehl chairing.

Ray Willmot Korea Veterans Tasmania RAN, pre-Armistice Len Reader Private citizen Army, pre-Armistice Tony Oakford Private citizen Army, post-Armistice Edward Green Private citizen Army, pre-Armistice Allan Price Private citizen RAN, pre- & post-Armistice Max Rooke Private citizen RAN, pre- & post-Armistice James Stewart Korea Veterans Tasmania Army, pre-Armistice Joseph Charlton Private citizen RAN, pre- & post-Armistice

Sydney, Monday morning 5 September 2005. Rear Admiral Crawford chairing.

Michael Kohlhoff Korean War Veterans Association British Army, pre- & post-Armistice of NSW

Norm Wasson Private citizen Army, post-Armistice Tom Stewart Korean War Veterans Association Army, post-Armistice

of NSW Sydney, Monday afternoon 5 September 2005. Rear Admiral Crawford chairing.

George Franki Private citizen Army, post-Armistice Cyril Holman Private citizen Army, post-Armistice George Stevens Private citizen RAN, post-Armistice Prof Malcolm Sim & Korean Veterans Health Study - Dr Keith Horsley

Appendix 4–2


Sydney, Tuesday morning 6 September 2005. Mr Nehl chairing. Jack Casey Korea War Veterans of Australia Army, pre-Armistice

Recognition Committee John Mather Korean War Veterans Association RAAF, pre-Armistice

of NSW Peter Wesley Private citizen Army, pre- & post-Armistice

Nowra, Wednesday morning 7 September 2005. Rear Admiral Crawford chairing.

Bob Morris & Rod Coupland Korea War Veterans of Australia RAN, pre- & post-Armistice Recognition Committee

Ernie Grimshaw Private citizen RAAF, pre- & post-Armistice Joanna Gash Gilmore constituents - Peter Sigal Private citizen Army, post-Armistice

Nowra, Wednesday afternoon 7 September 2005. Rear Admiral Crawford chairing.

John Caspar Private citizen Army, post-Armistice Shelley Hancock South Coast constituents - Noel Jackson Private citizen RAN, post-Armistice Kevin Cook Private citizen Army, post-Armistice Ben Link Private citizen Army, post-Armistice Kevin Roberts Private citizen -

Nowra, Thursday morning 8 September 2005. Mr Nehl chairing.

Bill Rowley Private citizen RAN, pre-Armistice John Simmons Korea South East Asia RAN, pre- & post-Armistice

Association of New South Wales Eric Salter Private citizen RAAF, pre-Armistice Alex Stevens Bomaderry RSL - Bob Morris Allan Limburg Army, pre- & post-Armistice

Brisbane, Friday 9 September 2005. Rear Admiral Crawford chairing.

Tom Hamilton Private citizen RAN, pre- & post-Armistice Kevin Gray Private citizen Army, post-Armistice Jack Patten Private citizen Army, post-Armistice George Lang Queensland Korea Veterans Army, pre-Armistice

Incorporated Peter Evans Hervey Bay Korean Veterans Army, post-Armistice Alexander Bates 3 RAR Association - David Jamieson Private citizen Army, post-Armistice John Ehrich Private citizen Army, post-Armistice John Phillips Private citizen Army, post-Armistice Graeme Wagner Private citizen RAAF, post-Armistice

Appendix 4–3


Appendix 4–4

Opening and closing statements

APPENDIX 5 TEXT OF FORMAL OPENING AND CLOSING STATEMENTS USED AT PUBLIC HEARINGS [At the start of each morning and afternoon session of public hearings for the Review, the Chairman for that day gave a standard formal opening statement. The Co-Chairs of the Working Party (Rear Admiral Ian Crawford and Mr Garry Nehl) alternated the chair on a daily basis. This is the opening statement given by Mr Nehl in chairing the hearings at Parliament House, Canberra, on 16 August 2005.] As those present will know, Admiral Crawford and I have been appointed as Co-Chairmen of a Working Party, and Brigadier Gordon Jones and Ms Colleen Thurgar as invited members, by the Honourable De-Anne Kelly MP in her capacity as Minister Assisting the Minister for Defence, to review the appropriateness of the award of the Australian Active Service Medal 1945–1975 and the Returned from Active Service Badge for service in Korea from the 28th of July 1953 until the 26th of August 1957, and to report our recommendations to her. The establishment of this Review highlights the fact that there is a serious commitment to find an appropriate outcome. The Terms of Reference have been well advertised. We have been encouraged to interpret the Terms of Reference freely, to give effect to the wish of the Minister to be advised how those Australian servicemen and women who served in post-Armistice Korea should be recognised, and to this extent we shall be extending the Review to consider how those who died during this service should be honoured. Research is an important part of the Review. It is an ongoing task which will extend beyond the period of hearings. We have already consulted and need to continue to consult a number of sources of information, including the Australian War Memorial, the National Archives, the Office of Australian War Graves, previous reviews and contemporary records from overseas sources. We also acknowledge the research done by some of those making submissions. This has been very helpful and is very much appreciated. Before proceeding with the more formal part of this hearing, I wish to make some general remarks on behalf of the Working Party. First, we wish to stress that the Review will be open, public and impartial. Evidence given will not be on oath. Proceedings will be recorded, and transcripts of their evidence will be provided to individual witnesses. Extracts from some evidence may be published in the final report. Although the date for acceptance of submissions has passed, we are prepared to accept written submissions or other supporting documents provided to the Secretariat now. The general procedure of the hearings is that those peoples who have made a written submission have been invited to speak in explanation and/or expansion of their submission. Any other persons who wish to give evidence at this hearing should register with the Secretariat staff now, if they have not already done so. Anyone giving evidence today who has supporting documentation should give it to the Secretariat and make it known whether it can be

Appendix 5–1

Opening and closing statements

retained by the Review, or copied. If the time allotted for giving evidence in this venue proves to be insufficient, further arrangements will be made in due course. Secondly, we want to draw attention to some important matters which have influenced our approach to the Review. We are aware that there are many terms—some defined, some not—in a variety of uses. We are formally seeking an independent legal advising on the legal relevance of these terms to the issues under review. It is important that we all understand how post-Armistice service, experience and conditions relate to the conditions of eligibility for the Australian Active Service Medal 1945–1975 and the Returned from Active Service Badge. So we have printed this information on the reverse of the notes for the guidance of witnesses. Finally, we would like to reiterate that this is an independent review. It will be open, public and impartial. Collectively and individually, we have not prejudged any issue, and for the thoroughness of our Review we must pursue all options. We are here to listen, and we thank you for your willingness to help us. [At the end of each day of public hearings for the Review, the Chairman for that day gave a standard formal closing statement. The Co-Chairs of the Working Party (Rear Admiral Ian Crawford and Mr Garry Nehl) alternated the chair on a daily basis. This is the closing statement given by Rear Admiral Crawford at the end of the first day of hearings at Parliament House, Melbourne, on 22 August 2005.] This hearing is now concluded. I would like to thank all those who have given evidence for their time and contributions. As we said at the start of the hearings, these proceedings have been recorded and will be transcribed. Transcripts of their evidence will be provided to individual witnesses for clearance. Lists of persons who have made submissions and given evidence will be published in our report. Extracts from submissions and transcripts of evidence may be quoted in the text of our report; this will be done in a way that does not identify individuals. The Review will reconvene in Melbourne at 10.00 am tomorrow, Tuesday the 23rd of August. I declare this hearing closed.

Appendix 5–2

Documents relating to the award of medals and the RASB

APPENDIX 6 DOCUMENTS RELATING TO AWARD OF MEDALS AND THE RASB This Annex includes the following documents relating to the award of medals and the Returned from Active Service Badge. Document Details Date

Institution of the Korea Medal London, HMSO Cmd. 8314 July 1951 for Service in the Korea Operations since 2nd July, 1950

Regulations—United Nations United Nations ST/SG/2 25 September 1951 Service Medal

Australian Service Medal Commonwealth of Australia 2 November 1988 Regulations Special Gazette No. S 336

Determination under the Determination by the Minister 11 May 1992 Australian Service Medal for Defence Regulations

Regulations Governing the Commonwealth of Australia 3 April 1995 Award of the Australian Service Special Gazette No. S 122 Medal 1945–1975

Determination under the Determination by the Minister 23 January 1998 Australian Active Service Medal for Defence Industry, Science 1945–1975 Regulations and Personnel

Declaration and Determination Commonwealth of Australia 10 February 1998 under the Australian Active Special Gazette No. S 54 Service Medal 1945–1975 Regulations

Declarations under the Commonwealth of Australia 18 August 1998 Australian Active Service Medal Special Gazette No. S 408 Regulations, the Australian Service Medal Regulations and the Australian Service Medal 1945–75 Regulations

Declaration and determination Commonwealth of Australia 27 March 2001 under the Australian Service Special Gazette No. S 102 Medal 1945–75 Regulations

Most recent authorities for the Navy Order 278/47 1947 award of the Returned from

Department of Defence, Service March 1977 Active Service Badge Personnel Policy Branch Instruction [text of extract]

Annex A to Defence Instruction 12 February 1996 (Air Force) ADMIN 10–11

Appendix 6–1

Documents relating to the award of medals and the RASB

Appendix 6–2

COMM 1TfEE ON THE GRANT OF HONOURS DECORAnONS AND MEDALS

INSTlTVTION or

THE KOREA MEDAL m,

SERVICE IN THE KOREA OPERATIONS

SINCE 2ND JULY, 1950

Presrlllell by Ihe Prime M inister and First Lord of the Treasury to P(lrliamenf

by COlllmalld of His Majesty

July 1951

LO N D ON

H1S MAJ ES TY 'S STATIONERY OFFICE

THR EE- r' EN e E NET

Cmd. 8314

TilE KOREA MEDAL..

SERVICE IN THE KOREA OPERATIONS SINCE 2nd JULY, ]950

1.-0) The Committee on the grallt of Honours, Decorations and Meda ls ha ve hull under co nsideration the Ile'eu for the general recognition of service by Briti sh COlllmollwealth Forces on behalf of the United Na tions in repel\ing aggre-ssion in Korea, ~i nce 2nd Jul y. 1950. with specia l regard tt) the exaCting nature of the conditioll~ ill which duty lhere is being carried out.

(ii) Their re-comm endations have been du ly submitted to Th e King, who has been advised by the Prime Mini ster on matters likely Lo give risc (0 difference of opinion. His Majesty has now graciously approvtd the reCOIllmendations set out below.

2. Approval has becn given for the institution of a Korell Medal for speeillcd service in the Korea operations si nce 2nd July. 1950. inclusive, as descri bed below. While prcsen! condi tions last serv ice will continue to be a qua lification up tu a future date to be fi lled in due course .

J. The Medal will be!'.r on the obverse the Crowned Effigy of His Majesty, Clnd will be ill cupro·nickel. The design of the reverse is under consideration. The ribbon is in blue and yellow. the bluc rcpn.:scnting thaL of the United Na tioll ii flag.

Nuvy 4.-(i) Nava l Service Afloat. . TI~e ql.,ali[y.illg service will be t~venty .e i g.ht days, si ne; 2nd July) 1950. IIlcluslve. Tn ships or craft engaged 10 operatHlns off the Korean coast. (Ii) Naval Service Ashore.

The 4ualifying period will be service of one day or more all duty ashore in Korea. si nce 2nd July. 1950. inclusive.

Army 5. The qualification in Army forces will be service of o ne day or more

on the posted strength of a unit or formation in Korea. since 2nd July. 1950, incl usive.

Air Force G.-(i) Toe qualification in Air Forces will be service, since 2nd July. 1950.

inclUSive. as follows:-(a) one operational sortie over Korea or Korean waters, or (b) service of one day or more on land in Korea, or (c) service of twenty-eight days a fl oat in Korean waters. (ii) The term" Korean ·waters " in this context means those areas of th e

Yel low Sea and the Sea of Japan over which it has been necessary to operate in support of opera ti ons in Korea.

General 7.-{i) Short Service-(a) The granl to persons described in paragrapbs 40) alld 6 (i) (e) above.

for gallantry 0 11 a specific occasion during the ullcompleted qualifying Deriod not alllotlOting to Lwenty-eighl days of a British Honour.

2

I)el;oration o r Medal of the status of t.he British Empire. Medal o r above, or ::t Mention in De~patehes or a King's Commendation, will quu lify the recipienL for the Korea Meda l.

(&) If qua lifying service ,itl

described in paragraphs 40) and 6 (il (c) above, is brought to cnd hcfore the com pletion of twen ty·eight days, on nccount of death or evac uatio ll owing 10 wounds o r other disability {llie 10 service. Ihe reduced period of service will be n qualiflclltion fo r the award.

(i i) Vi.l-ils. h ll'" cctiolls.-For ofIicial visilS, inspections. &c., on dUly by members of Comlilonwealth Navies o r Army or Ai r Forces in Korea. or in IIhi ps or c rll(t engaged in opera tions 011 the Korea n (;OaSI , the time qualifica tion will be thirty days, eit her con tin uous or aggregated .

(iii) Sc/'vicc ill Ja/lwl.-Servke on land in Japan. or on the way to Japan from anywhere outside Korea or Korean waler.q. wi ll 1I0t be qualify ing operationa l service for the awnrd of tbe Korea Meda l.

Awards

8. Awards will be approved forthwith for those who ha ve already qualified. For those who enter operational service in the future the award will be approved when tbey have qualifi ed. The ribbon will be issued as soon as possible. The design of the Meda l itself will require further (:ousiclenl tion. It will be issued la te r.

Mentions in Despatches 9. When a Mention in Despa tches has been granted for service in the

Korea operations the single bronze oak leaf Emblem wil l be worn on the ribbon of the Korea Medal.

Civilian c.ategories 10. Members o { certain civilian ca tegories named below. who have served

wit h Brili~h Common wea lth Forces in lhe Korea operations. will be e ligible for the Korea Medal s hould their respective Governments so desire.

(i) Under the sa llie rulclI as fo r Naval forces. Members of the British Red Cross Society and Order of St. Joh n Volunta ry Aid Detachment in a United Kingdom Hosp ital Ship. who wore the approved uniform.

(ii) Under the !>ame rules as for Army forces. Members nr tht: fo llowinc. mganisa tions who wore t he approved unifor m:- -

(0) Cable and Wireless Detachments. (b) Drllisb Red Cross Society and Order o[ 51. John. te) Sa lva tion Army. (d) Y.M.CA.

Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the Union of South A frica 11. The Governments of Canada. Australia. New Zeala nd and the Union

of South Arrica ha ve already been informed of the arrangemen ts. 110 tha t the F0rees of those coulltries may participate should t heir respecti ve Governments so desire.

J 409!Q WI. U9fX11 K lj l i St '.o.~.

rnlIVTEO AND PUBUSHED BY HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OffiCE

To be purchased hom

York Houi\e. Kingsway, WNDO"', w.c.2 429 O;tford Street. LONDO"', w. 1 P.O. Bo;t 569, LONI)()/<I, S.L I

131 Castle Strut, W'",nUROH, 2 I St. Andrew's Crescent, CAW)ff 39 King Street, MANCIlESl'EIt, 2 Tower lant , I:IR ISfOL, 1

2 Edmund Street, InRMI NOIlA M, 3 80 Chichester Street, eELfAST

or rrom any Book!elJer

1951

Price 3d. net

UN ITED ~f'.~' 8 NAT ION S

~ ~-iJ? -?~

REGULATIONS

UNITED NATIONS SERVICE MEDAL

KOREA

25 September 1951

The General Assembly,

Desiring to symbolize the valour and sacrifices of the men and women who have served on behalf of the United Nations in repelling aggression in Korea ,

Recalling its resolution 92 (I) on the official seal and emblem of the United Nations, its resolution 167 (II) on the United Nations fl ag, and the resolution of the Security Council of 7 July 1950 authorizing the Unified Command to use the United Nations fl ag,

Resolves that the Secretary-General be requested to make arrangements with the Unified Command , established pursuant to the Security Council resolution of 7 July 1950, for the design and award, lmder such regulations as the Secretary-General shall prescribe, of a distinguishing ribbon or other insignia for personnel which has participated in Korea in the defence of the Principles of the Charter of the United Nations.

Resolution 483 (V) of the Genera,l A ssembly

REGULATIONS

UNITED NATIONS SERVICE MEDAL

In accordance with General Assembly resolution 483 (V) of 12 December 1950, the Secretary-General hereby prescribes regulations relating to the issue of a United Nations Service Medal to personnel at the United Nations forces in Korea.

25 SEPTEMBER 1951

I. UNITED NATIONS SERVICE MEDAL

The United Nations Service Medal is established pursuant to resolution 483 (V) of the General Assembly adopted on 12 December 1950.

II. DESCRIPTION AND WEARING

A. Description

1. The medal shall be made of a bronze alloy. It shall be round in form and 1.4 inches in diameter. One side shall bear the emblem of the United Nations and the obverse side shall, within a rim, bear the inscription: "FOR SERVICE IN DEFENCE OF THE PRINCIPLES OF THE CHARTER OF THE UNITED NATIONS".

2. The medal shall be suspended from a silk ribbon 2 inches long and 1.33 inches wide, consisting of nine stripes of United Nations blue and eight white stripes alternating, each stripe 0 .08 inches in width. A bar 1.5 inches long and 0.25 inches wide, constituting a part of the suspension of the medal from the ribbon, shall bear the word: "KOREA".

3. The service ribbon shall be a strip of ribbon identical with that from which the service medal shall be suspended of a length to conform with applicable regulations of the national governments of the recipients.

B. Wearing

1. The service medal and the service ribbon shall be worn in accordance with applicable regulations of the national governments of the recipients .

2. Miniatures of the service medal and of the service ribbon on a scale of one-half may be worn in accordance with applicable regulations of the national governments of the recipients.

III. ELIGIBILITY

A. The following personnel shall be eligible to be awarded the medal provided they comply with the requirements of subsections Band C below:

1. Members of land, sea and air forces dispatched to Korea or adjacent areas for service on behalf of the United Nations by States participating in the United Nations action in Korea;

2. Personnel dispatched to Korea or adjacent areas as members of para-military or quasi-military units designated by their national governments for service in support of United Nations action in Korea and certified by the United Nations Commander-in-Chief as having directly supported military operations there; and

3. Members of the land, sea and air forces of the Republic of Korea serving in units participating in the United Nations action under the direct command of the United Nations Commanderin-Chief.

B. Service shall be for periods as provided herein between 27 June 1950, inclusive, and a terminal date to be announced later by the Secretary-General of the United Nations, under either of the following conditions:

1. Within the territorial limits of Korea or the waters immediately adjacent thereto or in the air over Korea or over snch waters; or

2. With a national contingent designated by its national government for service in support of the United Nations action in Korea and certified by the United Nations Commander-in-Chief as having directly supported military operations in Korea.

C. The service prescribed shall have been performed either:

1. While serving with any unit as provided in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of sub-section A above, as specified hereunder:

(a) While on assignment to such unit for any period between the dates specified in sub-section B above; or

(b) While attached to such unit for a period of thirty conseClltive or non-consecutive days between the dates specified in subsection B above; or

2. While in active combat against the enemy under conditions other than those prescribed in paragraph 1 above, if a combat decoration has been awarded or an individual certificate testifying to such combat service has been furnished by the commander of an independent force or of a division, ship, or air group, or comparable or higher unit.

D. The Secretary-General of the United Nations may from time to time, in his discretion, prescribe a further category or categories of persons to be eligible for the United Nations award.

IV. ApPROVAL BY NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS

A. All awards of the medal and ribbon shall be subject to the approval of the national governments concerned.

B. The administrative procedures to be followed in respect to the issue of the awards shall be agreed upon between the SecretaryGeneral of the United Nations and the national governments concerned, subject to the following conditions:

1. The United Nations Commander-in-Chief shall publish General Orders listing United Nations units eligible for the awards and shall make these Orders available to the national governments concerned through the Secretary-General; and

2. Authority shall be furnished by the national governments concerned to their senior commanders in the theatre to accept from the United Nations Commander-in-Chief the service ribbon referred to in section II above for eligible personnel in units under their command.

V. POSTHUMOUS AWARDS AND AWARDS TO

REPATRIATED PERSONNEL

A. If a person who is eligible for the award dies before receiving it, the national government concerned shall make the award posthumously as appropriate, in accordance with its own administrative arrangements.

B. If a person who is eligible for the award is repatriated before receiving it, the national government concerned shall make the award as appropriate, in accordance with its own administrative arrangements.

ST/SG/2

25 September 1951

VI. EXCLUSIONS

No personnel of the United Nations or of its specialized agencies, or of any national government service other than as prescribed in section III above, and no Internat ional Red Cross personnel engaged for service under the United Nations Commander-in-Chief with any United Nations relief team in Korea shall be eligible for the award of the medal.

VII. ISSUE OF UNITED NATIONS SERVICE RIBBONS AND MEDALS

A. The United Nations Commander-in-Chief, acting on behalf of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, shall, subject to the provisions of section IV, make an initial issue of service ribbons referred to in section II to personnel eligible under section III, who are at the time of issue serving with United Nations land, sea or air forces.

B. Initial supplies of service ribbon shall be made available by the Secretary-General for eligible repatriated personnel, referred to in sub-section B, of section V above, to the national governments concerned and shall be issued by them on behalf of the Secretary-General, in accordance with their own administrative arrangements.

C. Supplies of the United Nations Service Medal shall be made available to national governments concerned by the SecretaryGeneral and shan be issued by them in accordance with thf;ir own administrative arrangements to all eligible personnel, as established by sections III and V above, on behalf of the Secretary-General.

Commonwealth of Australia

No. S 336, Wednesd;:;y. 2 November 1988 f'·~lJ hS/'led IJV th e Aust,al,a" Gove<nmenl PuOI.s n,ng Ser,,'ce , C"no .... r~ SPECIAL

~ ...

By Her Majesty's Command,

Prime Minislt!r 15135/ 88 Cn 1"10_ 8863269 ~ CommonwoJlh or Aust!'3.lia

ELIZABETH THE SECOND, by the Grace of God Queen of Australia and Her other Re::lIms and Territories. He:..ld of the Commonwealth:

TO ALL to whom these Presents sh:.tlI come:,

GREETING:

WHEREAS it is desirable that there be instituted an Australian medal for the purpose of accord ing recognition to members of the Defence Force and certain other persons who render service in certain _ non-warlike military operations:

KNOW YOU tbat We do by these Prescms institute a medal to be designated and styled the Australian Service Medal:

AND WE DO ordain that the award of the Australian Service Medal shall be governed by the Regulations set out in [he Schedule_

IN WITNESS whereof We. have caused these Our Letters to be made. Pa.renL

GIVEN under the Great Seal of Australia at OUf Court at St James's on 13~/7~-

(' .. _ ..... _.,.1,. ,j) ~w"r.I;'1 C.:,,'r 1 .... 0 S JJ~. " {"O,", ,,,,,",. IQ·f.'

SCHED ULE

AUSTR .... UAN SERV ICE MEDAL REGULATI ONS

Shc.rt Iili.

I. These RcgulOlitions mily be CiLCd liS the AUSLfillian Service Mc:d",1 ReCu l"lion •.

hue:rprcl. tion

2 . In these Rc:guhllion.-

",!liSP" means a dUlce: 10 denote II prcsc:t1bcd operation;

" Oefence Force" n:n the samc mCllning u in Ihe: D~frlTL"r ,"/(-I /90);

" Mcd~I" mCllns the Auslfallan Sc:O'h.:c: MClh,1; "Ministcr" means the Mlnist!:1 or StOlte: lor Defence:

"prc)cribcd 0pcTalion" i":lC:lnl an opcr:llion in respect of which a ~ccllralion ha~ been made under regulation l .

Declltonllun 01 pre~uibcd op<"f .. llon~

) . The G01/c rnor-Genenl, on Ihc r.:commcnd.tion of Ihe: Mini~lcr . mil}' decllte: I non-warlike: opcra\IOn, in whkh mc:mbcn of Ihc: Oden, .::: Force lH~. or have been on or IItu 14 February 1975. enSiLged . La be: ;I prc.~l;ribc.d

opention (or the p\lrposcs of Ihc:Se Regula tions.

Conditions for '\fIoU" of the Med.1

~ . (I) The Medal may be awarded lor 5e:r.ice in or In c;onnecuon with u prescribed oper¥tilJn.

(2) ihe condition I (Ot the .... ard of the Meda l ue the conditions determined by the Go ... ernor·Gener .... ' on the recommend. lion of the Mlniner.

(J) Any subsequent Iward of Ihe Mc.J .. 1 LO the lame penD., lh3H be made in the form of. funker clup 10 die MeJiOl.

( .. ) The: penons to whom the Medii rn 3Y be ,wlnded .rc-·

(a) penon, who suved in a prescribed operation ;n members of the Defence Force; Ind

(b) penon, included In I claH of penons delc.rmined by the Min isler. ror the purpose~ of this re gulation.

( 5) The Med;ll mly 1'101 be Iwarded uCc:pl 10 iI pef\on ..... ho (ulti.h Ihe condhiol'l' for the .ward of Ihe Medal.

M .lr.inl 01 ..... rd,

5. Awards of the Medal ,hall be made by the GovernOr· Genera! on the recommendation o( Ihe: Ch jef of the: Defence Force or his 1lc:1C:~ lIl e .

Dni,n of Ihe Medal

6 . T he daisn o( the Med;ll ,hall be lIS prncribed.

WUfinl: Gt Ihe Mf •• 1

7. The manner or ..... earing the Medal shall I1e liS de termined by Ihe Covernor·GencraL

C ___ ,,· •• / , • • / I ..... . J; . c ... ,,> fVo. ~i JJII . } fVo.''''' b~' I UIJ

Ree'''''' lie A ..... rd.~ 8. (I) There sh~1l be a Rcglmat or Awards who shall be: OIppoinlc:d by Ihe

Governor-Genual and who ,haH mairuai n cI Re~Istet o( Inc nl1m es o( p<.rsons 10 whom the Medill h ... been OIwatded.

( 2 ) T he IhlOi)u ... r shilll lr.tc:p such olhc:r records rcl:Hing 10 the :aw ard of the Med al ;n thc Governor-Cenetlll direC ts.

C.nerll.clon .nd rt lnJhl t m"nt

9. (I ) The Governor-Genet31 mar c3 ncel an a .... a rd of the Meda l and rna )' re;n,tale ",n aW;J.rd so cancelled.

ll ) Where In award or the Medal is cancelh:d . the n",me or the per son \0 ..... hOrn Ihe IIward wu made shall be er ased {~om the Rell,iSlcr il nd thc person shill re!Urn Ihe Mcd Ol llO Ihc Registrar.

(J) Where an IWHd thai hu bee n (oncelled punu an t 10 l ub·regulal ion ( I ) is re;n5l ;lIed . the Rc~ im3f ShOiIi rCSi oro: the en try or entries in the Rec luer that had been erased.

day of 1992

ROBERT RAY

COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALI A

AUSTRALIAN SERVICE MEDAL REGULATIONS

DETERMINATI ON BY THE MINI STER OF STATE FOR DEFENCE

Pursuant to paragraphs 2 and 4(b) of the Australian

Service Medal Regulations which ar e set o ut i n the

Schedule of Letters Patent given on 13 September 1988 1,

Robert Francis Ray , the Minister of State for Defence,

HEREBY DETERMINE that members of foreign defence fo r ces

who render service with the Australia n Defence Force i n

prescribed ope rations t o be persons eligible for t he

award of the Australian Service Medal.


No. S 122, Monday, 3 April 1995

Gazette SPECIAL

By Her MJjeslY's COI'I'Jt\:LJId.

72820 C:lt. No. 95 32J I 2 ISBN Q6.u. 277136 ISSN 1032·234S ~ Commonwealth of Australia. 1995

I 9 780644 277136

ELIZABETH 11-IE SECO)\;"D, by the GI':ICC of God Queen of AU$Eralia and Her other Realms and Tcmloncs. H.~d of L':C Commonw,,:aIth:

GREE77,VG.-

WHEREAS it is d'''5If~b!e Ih~1 then: be: ImIituted :uI AWitr.ili:tn mc..w for Ibe purpose of :ICCOrdin, fe!:Oj;IIHHlII 10 me:nbc:~ oi Ille Defence Fon:c. and tcruin utha penoM •

... ·110 renc!cmi service in non-warhke. militll'y operations:

KNOW YOU thai We do by these fusem.s irutilu\e I medal 10 be c;illcd the AIWr.IliIIl Service MedU 19.15-1975:

","II) WE DO amain thai the 3wanl oi Ihc ALlSU;iliOln SCrlK:e Medal 1945-1975 is governed by the RC!:u!;lUom SCI 011\ in IhC Schedule.

IN WITNESS wne:1:oi We have causro these Our Lentil 10 be made P31enL

OrYE.N' limier the Grcat Seal of Ausmlia al Our COil" ~I 51 l:uncs's on

n ~IIIS:

CommOflw.:allh of Auslrafio Ga;crte "2 Regulal ions Go~'erniI!8 cire Award of Ihe Australian Sen'ice Ml!lial / 945-1975 ,..'0. S J 22. 3 April / 995

SCHEDULE

REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE AWARD OF THE AUSTRALlA...N SERVICE MEDAL \945-1975

Ci tation 1. These Regulations may be cited as the Australian Service Medal \945~ 1 975

Regulations.

Interpretation 2. In these Regulations:

"declared operation" means an operation in respect of which a deciaration has been m:lde under regulation 3;

" Defence Force " h:ls the same meaning as in the Defence Act 1903;

" Medal" means the Australian Service Meda1 1945- l 975;

" Mi nister" means a Minister administering the Department of Defence;

"Registrar" means the Registrar of Awards appointed under subregulation 8(1 );

"Register" mC:lns the Register maintaim:d under subregulation 8(2) .

Dc~ larcd oper31 iullS 3. The Governor-General. on the recommendation of a Minister. may declare a

non-warlike operation in wruch members of the Defence Force were engaged at :illy time during the period that commenced on 3 September 1945 and ended on 16 September 1975. to be a declared operntion fo r the purposes of these Regulations.

Condi tions for a ward of tbe Medal 4. ( I) The Medal may be awarded to: (a) a member. or a forme r member. of the Defence. Force; or (b) a person in a class of persons determined by a Minister for the purposes of these

Regulations; who served in connection with a declared operation.

(2) The conditions (or the award of the Medal Me detennined by the Governor-General on the recommendation of a Minister.

(3) The Medal may only be awarded to a person who fulfils the conditions for the award of the Medal.

(4) An initial award of the MednJ. to a person is made in the fonn of the Medal with a clasp denoting the declared operation for which the ~1edal is being awarded.

(5) A subsequent award of the Medal to the person may only be made in the fonn of an additional clasp to the MednJ..

Making of awards 5. An award of the Medal is to be made by the Governor-General on the

recommendation of the Crucf of the Defence Force or his or her delegate.

Design of the Medal

6. The design of the Meda1 is as determined by the Governor-General.

Wearing of the Medal 7. The manner of wemng of the Medal is as determined by the Governor-General

Commonweallh of Auslralia GIlZClle No. S 12], 3 April 1995 R,·~"ltlIIonJ Govunm r; lire ""'ani of Ihe Allylrlli/iln Sen'icc .Ilf'dol 1')·:5-1975 ::;

Registrar of Awards· 8. (1) The Governor-General must appoint a Regisuar of Awards.

(2) The Registrar must: (a) maintain a Register of lhe names of persons to whom the Medal has been

awarded; and (b) keep such other records reiating to the award of the Medal as the

Governor-General direcrs.

Cancellation and reinsta[ement 9. (1) The Governor-General may cancel an award of the Medal and may reinstate a

cancelled award.

(2) If an award of the Medal is c:J.ncelled: (a) the name of the person to whom the award was made must be erased from

the Register; and (b) the person must return the insignia of the award 10 the Register.

(3) If a cancelled award is reinstated. the Registrar must: (a) restore in the Register the entry that was erased; and (b) return the insignia of the award to the person to whom the award was made.

Produced by the AusmlliaQ GovcrnmeQI Publishing Service

COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA

AUSTRALIAN ACTIVE SERVICE MEDAL 1945-1975 REGULATIONS

DETERMINATION UNDER PARAGRAPH 4(1)(b)

I, BRONWYN BISHOP, Minister for Defence Industry, Science and Personnel, acting under the Australian Active Service Medal 1945-1975 Regulations set out in the Schedule to Letters Patent dated II December 1997 ("the Regulations"), make the following determination.

Classes of persons who may be awarded the Australian Active Service Medal 1945-1975 with clasp 'KOREA'

For the purposes of para graph 4CI)(b) of the Regulations, I determine the persons described below to be a class of persons who may be awarded the Australian Active Service Medal 1945-1975 with clasp 'KOREA':

Ca) Australian civilians who qualified for the Korea Medal ill

accordance with the conditions for that award set out ill

Command Paper 8314 dated July 1951.


No. S 54, Tuesday, 10 February 1998

Gazette SPECIAL

Government House Canberra ACT 2600

It is notified for general information that the Governor-General has made the following Determinations regarding the Australian Active Service Medal 1945-1975.

AUSTRALIAN ACTIVE SERVICE MEDAL 1945-1975 REGULATIONS

DECLARATION UNDER REGULATION]

DETERMINATION UNDERSUBREGULATION 4(2)

(, WILUAM: PATRICK DEANE, Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia. acting under the Australian Active Service Medal 1945-1975 Regulations set out in the Schedule to Letters Patent dated 11 December 1997 (~the Regulatioc.s~). aDd OD the recommendation of the Minister for Defence l.ndustty, Science and Personnel :

(a) declare, under regulation 3 aflhe Regulations, Defence Force activities in Korea during "the period' that commenced on lluly 1950 and ended on 27 July 1953 to be a prescribed operation for the pwposes of the Regulations; and.

(b) determine, under subregulation 4(2) of the Regulations, that the cooditions for award of the Australian Active Service Medal 1945-1975 with clasp 'KOREA' in respect of that prescribed operation are:

(i) the Medal may be awarded to a person who, as a member of the Defence Force, qualified for the Korea Medal in accordance with the conditions fe r that award set out in Command Paper 8314 dated July 1951; and

Produced by the Austral ian Government Publishin g Service COIL No_ 9713)6 6 ISDN 06+4 Q~9883 iSSN 1032-234j ~ Commonweallh of Australia. 1998

Cmnmoflll'ullfh of Au,nralia GaUllt 2 Aus(ro/icm ACli", St('ll;ct! Medals Rtgu/o/I'ofls Nt). S 54. 10 Ftbruary /998

(ii) the Medal may be awarded to a penon who. in accordance with a detczmination made by the Minister under paragrapb 4(1)(b) of the Regulations. is in a clas5 of persons who may be awarded the Medal with clasp ' KOREA ' .

Dared .Ju ~ ~-<.~ 1998

~~ Governor-General

By His Excellency's c:mmand p p

MirUsl for Defence Industry, Science and Personnel


No. S 408, Tuesday, 18 August 1998

Gazette SPECIAL

38(l53!

Government House Canberra ACT 2600

It is notified for general information that the Govemor-General has approved certain conditions for award of the Australian Active Service Medal with Clasps 'VIETNAM 1975' and 'BALKANS', the Australian Service Medal with Clasps 'BALKANS', IRAQ' and 'KUWAIT, and the Australian Service Medal 1945-75 with Clasp 'GERMANY'. as detailed in the following Detenninations:

COMMONWEAL m OF AUSTRALIA

AUSTRALIAN ACTIVE SERVICE MEDAL REGULATIONS

DECLARATION UNDER REGULATION 3

DETEru<UNATION UNDER SUBREGULA TION 4(2)

I, wn..LlAM PATRICK DEAl't"E, Governor-General oftbe Commoowealth of Australia, acting under the Australian Active Service Medal ReguJatioIlS set out in the Schedule to Letters Pateot dated 13 September 1988, ("the Regulations"), and on the recommendation of che Minister for Defence Industty, Science and Personnel, hereby:

(a) revoke the Declaration and Determination made on 13 August 1990 under regulation 3 and subregulation 4(2) respectively of the Ausualian Service Medal Regulations;

(b) declare, under Regulation 3 of the Regulations, the Royal Australian Air Force activities with the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund in Vietnam during the period that commenced OD

29 Match 1975 and ended aD 28 April 1975 to be a prescnDed operation for the purposes of the Regulations; and

Produccd by AusInfo Cat No. 98 3818 2 ISBN 0642 380538 ISS~ 10.32-2345 o Commonwe3.lth 0: Austral ia. 1998

Commonwealth of Austrolia Gazerte 1: SpeciDl Gazelle No. S 4013, 18 AuguJI 1998

(e) determine, under Subn:gulation 4(2) of the RegulatiollS, that the eonditiollS for award of the Austr:ilian Active Service Medal with Clasp 'VIETNAM 1975' for that prescribed operation are:

(i) the Medal may be awarded to a member of the Royal Australian Air Force who rendered service as such a member oflhe Australian element of the declared operation for a period of seven days, or for periods amounting in the aggregate to seven days;

(ii) the qualifying period of service as described in subparagraph (c)(i) may be deemed by the Chief of che Defence Force or his delegate to have been established notwithstanding that the member has not met the qualifying periods described; and

(iii) the Chief of the Defence Force or his delegate in exercising his discretion to deem under subparagraph (c)(ii) shall take into account whether service in relation to the prescribed operation:

CA) was terminated owing to the death, evacuation due to illness or injury or other disability due to service, of a member as described above; or

(B) was terminated due to Government or Defence Force reasons.

Dated

By His Excellency's Command

M~ste,L.~'~~Mel

COmJr'.lJnwt!oilh of Australio Gazer lt! No. S 408, lSAuglUl 1998 Special Ga~ue. 3


AUSTRALIAN ACTIVE SERVICE MEDAL REGULATIONS


DETERMINATION UNDER SUBREGULATION 4(2)

1, WILLIAt"l PATRlCK DEANE, Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Ausrralia, acting under the Australian Active Service Medal Regulations sel out in the Schedule to Letters Palent dated 13 September 1988, Cthe Regulations"), and on the recommendation of the Minister for Defence Industry, Science and Personnel, hereby:

(a) declare, under Regulation 3 of the Regulations, the United Nations and North Atlantic Treaty Organisation activities in the Balkans regioD during the period thaI commenced on 12 January 1992 and ended OD 24 January 1997 to be a prescribed operation for the purposes of the Regulations; and

(b) determine, under Subreguiation 4(2) of the Regulations, that the conditions for award of the Australian Active Service Medal with Clasp 'BALKANS' for that prescribed operation are:

(i) the Medal may be awarded to a member of the Australian Defence Force who rendered service as such a member while posted to or serving as a member of the Australian element of the prescribed operation for a period of 30 days. or for periods amounting in the aggregate to 30 days;

(ii) the Medal may be awarded to a member of the Australian Defence Force who rendered service as such a member for a period of 30 days, or for periods amounting in the aggregate to 30 days, as part of the contribution of a foreign Defence Force to the prescribed operation while on secondment or exchange with the foreign Defence Force;

(iii) the Medal may be awarded to a person who rendered service as part of the Australian element of the prescribed operation for a period of 30 days or more, or for periods amounting in the aggregate 10 30 days or more, and who, in accordance with a determination made by the Minister under paragraph 4(4)(b) of the Regulations, is in a class of persons who may be awarded the Medal with Clasp 'BALKANS ';

Commonweallh 0/ AU$lralia Gau lt/! 4 Special GCl!t:IIlt No. S 408. 18 August 1998

(iv) the qualifying period of service as described in subparagraphs (b)(i), (b)(ii) or (b)(iii) may be deemed by the Chier of the Defence Force or his delegate to have been established notwithstanding that the member has not met the qualifying periods described;

(v) the Chief of the Defence Force or his delegate in exercising his discretion to deem under subparagraph (b}(iv) shall take into account whether service in relation to the prescribed operation:

(A) was tenninated owing to the death, evacuation due to illness or injury or other disability due to service, of a member as described above;

(B) was terminated due to Government or Defence Force reasons; or

(C) was terminated due to foreign Government or foreign Defence Force reasons.

Dated

Governor-General

By His Excellency's comm;~ ~4=

MinisterCence Industry, Science and Pe"onnei

Commonwealth afAuslralill Ga.:.elle NQ. S 408, 18 Augusl 1998 Special GaUlle 5




DETERMINATION UNDER SUBREGULA TION 4(2)

I, WILLIAM PATRICK DEANE, Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia, acting under the Ausrralian Service Medal Regulations set out in the Schedule to Letters Patent dated 13 September 1988, ("the Regulations"), and on the recommendation of the Minister for Defence Industry, Science and Personnel, hereby:

(a) revoke the Declaration and Determination made on 18 August 1992 under regulation 3 and subregulation 4(2) respectively of the Regulations;

(b) declare, under Regulation 3 of the Regulations, the United Nations and Nonh Atlantic Treaty Organisation activities in the Balkans region that commenced on 25 January 1997 to be a prescribed operation for the purposes of the Regulations; and

(c) determine, WIder Subreguiation 4(2) of the Regulations, that the conditions for award of the Australian Service Medal with Clasp ' BALKANS' for that prescribed operation are:

(i) the Medal may be awarded to a member of the Australian Defence Force who rendered service as such a member while posted to or serving as a member of the Australian element of the prescribed operation for a period of 30 days, or for periods amounting in the aggregate to 30 days;

(li) the Medal may be awarded to a member of the Australian Defence Force who rendered service as such a member for a period 000 days, or for periods amounting in the aggregate to 30 days, as part of the contribution of a foreign Defence Force to the p rescribed operation while on secondment or e:tchange with the foreign Defence Force;

Common ..... ealth of AusTralia Gazme 6 S~ciai GaUlle No. S 408, 18 August J998

( iii) the Medal may be awarded to a person who rendered service as pan of the Australian element of the prescribed operation for a period of 30 days or more, or fo r periods amounting in the aggregate to 30 days or more, and who, in accordance with a determination made by the Minister under paragraph 4(4)(b) of the Regulations, is in a class of persons who may be awarded the Medal with Clasp ' BALKANS';

(iv) the qualifying period of service as described in subparagraphs (c)(i), (c)(ii) or (c)(iii) may be deemed by the Chief of the Defence Force or his delegate to have been established notwithstanding that the member has not met the qualifying periods described;

(v) the Chief of the Defence Force or his delegate in exercising his discretion to deem under subparagraph (c)(iv) shall take into account whether service in relation to the prescribed operation:

(A) was terminated owing to the death, evacuation due to illness or injury or other disability due to service, of a member as described above;

(8) was tenninated due to Government or Defence Force reasons ; or


Governor-General


~'~-'-'7'- ;t~ Minis r for Defence Industry, Science and Personnel

Cummullwealth ofAwlralia Gazelle Nu. S 408, 18 August 1998 Special GaU:Ue 7


AUSTRAUAN SERVICE MEDAL REGULA nONS

DECLARA nON UNDER REGULA nON 3

DETERMINA nON UNDER SUBREGULATION 4(2)

I, WILLIAM PATRICK DEA.~. Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia, acting under the Australian Service Medal Regulations set out in the Schedule to Letters Patent dated 13 September 1988, ("the Regulations"), and 00 the recommendation. of the Minister for Defence Industry, Science and Personnel, hereby:

(a) revoke the Declaration and Detcnnination made on 20 March 1998 under Regulation 3 and Subregulation 4(2) respectively of the Regulations;

(b) declare under regulation 3 of the Regulations, the following activities to be a prescribed operation for the purposes of the Regulations;

(i) the International Kurdish Relie f Operation in Southern Turkey and Northern Iraq that commenced on 1 May 1991 ;

(ii) the United Nations Special Commission in lraq that commenced on I May 1991 ;

(iii) the multinational military deployment in the Middle East that commenced on 15 February 1998 and ended on 30 JWle 1998~

and

(iv) the multinational military deployment in the Middle East that couunenced on I July 1998;

(c) determine, under Subregulation 4(2) of the Regulations, that the condition<; for award of the Australian Service Medal with Clasp ' IRAQ' for that prescribed operation are:

(i) the Medal may be awarded to a member of the Australian Defence Force who rendered service as such a member while posted to or serving as a member of the Australian element of the prescribed operation for a prescribed period~

CommOfll'>ealth of A ustralio. Gazertl! 8 Special Gazmt No. S 408, 18 August 1998

2

(ii) the Medal may be awarded to a member of the Australian Defence Force who rendered service as such a member for a prescribed period as part of the contribution of a foreign Defence Force to the prescribed operation while on secondment or excbange with the foreign Defence Force;

(iii) the Medal may be awarded to a member of the Australian Defence Force who rendered service as such a member fo r a prescribed period for official visits, inspections or other occurrences of a temporary nature while assigned for duty with the military contribution to the activity described at paragraph b(i);

(i v) the Medal may be awarded to a person who renders service as part of the Australian element of the prescribed operation fo r a prescribed peri od and in accordance with a determination made by the Minister under paragraph 4(4 )(b) of the Regulations, is in a class of persons who may be awarded the Medal with clasp ' IRAQ';

(v) the qUal i tying period of service as described in subparagraphs (b)(i), (b)(ii), (b)(iii) or (b)(iv) may be deemed by the Chief of the Defence Force or a delegate of the Chief of the Defence Force to have been established notwithstanding that the member has nOt met the qualifying periods described; and

(vi) the Chief of the Defence Force or a delegate of the Chief of the Defence Force in exercising the discretion to deem under subparagraph (b)(v) shall take into account whether service in relation to the prescribed operation:




Commonw~allh of AIlS/roUe GaUlle. No. S 408, J8 Augllstl998

, Sptcio.! Gazel/t 9

(vii) in this paragrnph "prescribed period" means:

(A) in relation to the activities described at subparagraphs (b)(i) and b(iv), a period of not less than an aggregate of 30 days; and

(B) in relation to the activities described at subparagraphs (b)(ii) and (b)(iii), a period of not less than an aggregate of seven days.

Dated 1998

Governor-General

By His Ex~::;an)z4-Mtor Defeoce Industry, Science and Personnel

Commonwealth of Australia GaUlle iO Special Ga,;:ent No. S 408. 18 Au.gust 1998



DETERMINATION UNDER SUBREGULATION 4(1)(b)

L BRONWYN BISHOP, Minister for Defence Industry, Science and Persormel, acting under the Ausrralian Service Medal Regulations set out in the Schedule to Letters Patent dated 13 September 1988 ("the Regulations"), make the following determination.

Dated 1/ ~ #7Tr 1998

i ?-/L,;= Minis r for Defence Indusuy, Science and Personnel

Classes of persons who may be awarded the Australian Service Medal with clasp 'IRAQ'

For the purposes of paragraph 4(4)(b) of the Regulations, I determine that civilian employees of the Depanment of Defence to be a class of persons who may be awarded the Ausrralian Service Medal with clasp ' IRAQ'.

CommOllw~allh oj AuslrtJlia Gaz~lIe No. S 408, J8August J998 Specwl CaUII~ I I



DEC LARA nON UNDER REGULA nON 3

DETERMINATION UNDER SUBREGULA nON 4(2)

I, WLLLIAM PATRICK DEANE, Governor-General of the ConunonweaJth of Australia, acting under the Australian Service Medal Regulations set out in the Schedul e to Letters Patent dated 13 September 1988, ("the Regulations"), and on the recommendation of the Minister for Defence Industry, Science and Personnel, hereby:

(a) revoke the Declaration and Determination made on 18 April 1991 under Regulation 3 and Subregulation 4(2) respectively of the Regulations;

(b) declare under regulation 3 of the Regulations, the following activities to be a prescribed operation for the purposes of the Regulations;

(i) the multinational military deployment in the Persian Gulf that commenced on 2 August 1990 and ended on 16 January 1991 , and

Oi) the multinational military deployment in the Persian Gulf that commenced on I March 1991.

(c) determine, under Subregulatiof] 4(2) of the Regulations, that the conditions for award of the Ausrralian Service Medal with Clasp • KUW Air for that prescribed operation are:

(i) the Medal may be awarded to a member of tbe Australian Defence Force who rendered service as such a member while posted to or serving as a member of the Australian element of the prescribed operation for a prescribed period;

(ii) the Medal may be awarded to a member of the Australian Defence Force who rendered service as such a member for a prescribed period as part of the contribution of a foreign Defence Force to the prescribed operation while on secondment or exchange with the foreign Defence Force;

CQmmon",ealrh oj.4. /lSlralia Gaz.etle 12 Special G~ue No. S 408, 18 AugUSI 1998

(iii) the Medal may be awarded to a member of the Australian Defence Force who rendered service as such a member for a prescribed period for official visits, inspections or other occurrences of a temporary nature while assigned for duty with the military contribution to the activity described at paragraph b(i);

(iv) the Medal may be awarded to a person who renders service as part of the Australian element of the prescribed operation for a prescribed period and in accordance with a determination made by the Minister under paragraph 4(4)(b) of the Regulations, is in a class of persons who may be awarded the Medal with clasp ' KUWAIT' ;

(v) the qualifying period of service as described in subparagraphs (b)(i). and (b)(ii) may be deemed by the Chief of the Defence Force or a delegate of the Chief of the Defence Force to have been established notwithstanding that the member has not met the qualifying periods described; and

(vi) the Chief of the Defence Force or a delegate of the Chief of the Defence Force in exercising the discretion to deem under subparagraph (b)(v) shall take into account whether service in relation to the prescribed operation:



(C) was teffilinated due to foreign Government or foreign Defence Force reasons.

(vi i) in this paragraph "prescribed period" means:

(A) in relation to the activity described at sL.:bparagraph (b)(i), a period of not less than an aggregate of seven days; and

Co",monw~allh of Ausrra lio Gazelle No. S 408. 18 AuguS/ 1998 Special Gaz.tllt 13

)

(8) in relation to the actlVltles described at subparagraph (b)(ii), a period of not less than an aggregate ono days.


~ - ~';-4r Minist or Defence Indus , Science and PersolUlel

Comm,",w~allh of AUSlralia Ga.z.el1e 14 S~cial GtJ.4m~ No. S 408, 18 AUglL$1 1998


AUSTRALIAN SERVICE MEDAL 1945-75 REGULATIONS


DETERMINATION UNDER SUBREGULATION 4(2)

I, \V1LLlAM PATRICK DEANE, Govemor-General of the Commonwealth of Auscralia, acting under the Australian Service Medal 1945-75 Regulations set out in the Schedule to Letters Patent dated 22 February 1995, ("the Regulations"), and on the recommendation of the Minister for Defence Indusoy, Science and Personnel. hereby:

(a) declare, under Regulation 3 of the Regulations, the Austt'alian Defence Force activities with the British Forces of Occupation in Germany during the period that commenced on 9 May 1945 and ended on 19 October 195 1 to be a declared operation for the purposes of the Regulations; and

(b) determine, under Subregularion 4(2) of the Regulations, that the conditions for award of the Australian Service Medal 1945-75 with Clasp 'G ERMAl\ry' for that declared operation are:

(i) the Medal may be awarded to a member of the Australian Defence Force who rendered service as such a member while posted to or serving as a member of the Australian element of the declared operation for a period of 30 days, or for periods amounting in the aggregate to 30 days ;

(ii) the Medal may be awarded to a member of the Australian Defence Force who rendered service as such a member for a period of 30 days, or for periods amowlting in the aggregate to 30 days, as pan of the contribution of a foreign Defence Force to the declared operation while on secondment or exchange with the foreign Defence Force:

(iii) the Medal may be awarded to a person who rendered service as part of the Australian element of the declared operation for a period of30 days or more, or fo r periods amounting in the aggregate to 30 days or more, and who, in accordance with a determination made by the Minister under paragraph 4( l)(b) of the Regulations , is in a class of persons who may be awarded the Medal with Clasp 'GERMANY';

Governor-General


;:/T~- f2L,~ Minist r for Defence Industry , Science and Personnel

Com'7U","'~allh of Australia GaU lle No. S 408, 18 August 1998 Spec ial GaUlle 15

(iv) the Medal may be awarded to a member of the Australian Defence Force who rendered service as such a member for a period of 30 days, or for periods amounting in the aggregate to 30 days, for offic ial visits, inspections or other occurrences of a temporary nature while assigned for duty with the military contribution in the declared operation;

(v) the qualifying period of service as described in subparagraphs (b)(i), (b)(ii) or (b)(iii) may be deemed by the Chief of the Defence Force or his delegate [0 have been established nor.vithstanding that the member has not mel the qualifying periods described; and

(vi) the Chief of the Defence Force or his delegate in exercising his discretion to deem under subparagraph (b)(v) shall take into account whether service in relation to the declared operation:

(A) was terminated owing to the death, evacuation due to illness or injury or other disability due to service, of a me~ber as described above;

(B) was terminated due to Government or Defence Force reasons ; or


(c) any person who rendered service as described in paragraph (a) will not be eligible for the award of the Australian Service Medal 1945-75 with Clasp 'GERMANY' during the period that commenced on 26 June 1948 and ended on 30 September 1949 if qualifying service for the Australian Service Medal 1945-75 with Clasp 'BERLIN' was rendered.

Produced by AGPS, Priming Division of CanPrint Communic:uion. Ply. Ltd.

CommolfWtaJIII of Al4tTalitJ GcrulU 20 Sptcit:!1 Go::eLU Nt:!. 5101,17 MarrJr 1001

COM1'10:-'WEALTH OF AUSTRUIA

DECLARATION AND DETERMINATION UNDER THE AUSTRUIAN SERVICE MEDAL 1945-75 REGULATIONS

I, WIlLIAM PATRICK DEANE, Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Ausnalia,. punuant to the Australian Service Medal 1945-1975 Regulatiorui contained in the Schedule to Leners Patent dated 22 February 1995 ("the Regulations"), and on the recommendation of the Minister for Defence, bereby:

(a) revoke the Declaration and Detennination made on 6 March 1999 under regulation 3 and subregulation 4(2) respectively of the Regulations;

(b) declare under regulation 3 of the Regulations, the following non-warlike operations in which members of the Australian Defence Force were engaged to be a declared operation for the purposes of the Regulations:

(i) panicipation in United Nations Commission activities in Korea during the period that commenced on 9 June 1950 and ended on 23 June 1950;

(ji) panicipation in British Commonwealth Forces Korea activities in Japan and Okinawa thaI commenced 29 April 1952 and ended on 26 August 1957;

(iii) participation in operations afloat and in the air off Korea to a distance of 161 kilomerres seaward from the coast during the period that commenced on 28 July 1953 and ended on 26 August 1957;

(iv) participation in ceasefue monitoring activities in Korea during the period that commenced on 28 July 1953 and ended on 26 August 1957;

(v) participation in United Nations Conunand (Military Armistice Commission) activities on the Korean Peninsula involving the prcsCTVation of the Amristice between Nonh and South Korea that commenced on 27 August 1957 and ended on IJ February 1975; and

2001 Dated J 3 .<! ~7 &-<

Governor-General


PETER REITH Minister for Defence

Cmnmu~1JI of AustraJlb Gau/U No. SU}1. 17 Morrh ZOOI , Sp«i4I Gazeue 21

(c) determine, under subregulation 4(2) of the regulations thal. the conditions for award of the Australian Service Medal 1945-1975 with Clasp 'KOREA' ( .. the Medal") for the declared operaTion are :

(i) the Medal may be awarded to a member of the Australian Defence Force who rendered service as such a member while posted to or serving as a member of the Australian element of the declared operation for a period of 30 days, or for periods amounting in the aggregate to 30 days or more;

(ii) the Medal may be awarded to a member of the Australian Defence Force who rendered service as such a member for a period of 30 days, or for periods amounting in the aggregate to 30 days, as pan of the contribution of a foreign Defence Force to the declared operation while on secondment or exchange with the foreign Defence Force;

(iii) the Medal may be awarded to a person who rendered service as part of the Australian element of the declared operation for a period of 30 days or more, or for periods amounting in the aggTegate to 30 days or more, and who, in accordance with a determination made by the Minister under paragraph 4( I)(b) of the Regulations, is in a class of persons who may be awarded the Medal; or

(iv) the qualifying periods of service as described in subparagraphs (c)(i), (c)(ii) or (c)(iii) of this lnsrrument may be deemed by the Chief of the Defence Force or delegate to have been established notwithstanding that the member has not met the qualifying periods described if service in relation to the declared operatioll was terminated due to the death, evacuation due to illness or injury or other disability due to service.

RETURNED FROM ACTIVE SERVICE BADGE EXTRACT FROM NAVY ORDER 278/47

“BADGES FOR WAR SERVICE. “The following are the official badges issuable in respect of service in the Royal Australian Navy during the 1939-45 War:— (a) Returned from Active Service Badge, (b) General Service Badge, (c) Female Relative’s Badge, (d) Mother’s and Widow’s Badge. “2. Eligible Classes of Personnel.—The following classes of personnel are eligible to receive the Returned from Active Service Badge or the General Service Badge, subject to the qualifications in paragraphs 3 and 4 below:— (a) All officers and men of the Royal Australian Navy and the various Naval

Reserves. (b) Officers and men of the Merchant Navy who served under T.124 and like

agreements. (c) Members of the Royal Australian Naval Nursing Service and Women’s Royal

Australian Naval Service. (d) Canteen Staffs. (e) Officially approved representatives of philanthropic bodies, official press

correspondents, official photographers, and other non-service personnel attached to the Armed Forces in an official capacity for full time duty in uniform.”

EXTRACT FROM SERVICE PERSONNEL BRANCH INSTRUCTION, MARCH 1977

THE RETURNED FROM ACTIVE SERVICE BADGE

CONDITIONS OF ELIGIBILITY IN RESPECT OF OPERATIONAL SERVICE IN

SOUTH EAST ASIA SUBSEQUENT TO 31 JULY 1962

1. With the exception provided in paragraph 4, members of the

Defence Force are to be issued with the Returned from Active Service Badge

if allotted for special service in a special area or if involved in warlike

operations or a state of international disturbance as defined by the

Repatriation (Special Overseas Service) Act.

2. With the exception provided in paragraph 4, the Badge is to be

issued to non-military personnel who are officially approved full-time

uniformed representatives of philanthropic bodies, official press

correspondents or official photographers and who are attached or accredited

to a unit or detachment of the Defence Force which is allotted for special

duty in a special area as defined by the Repatriation (Special Overseas

Service) Act.

3. There is no fixed minimum period of service to qualify for

issue of the Badge.

4. Where the Badge has been awarded in respect of previous

operational service, a further badge is not to be issued.

Source: Chiefs of Staff Committee Minute 106/1965.

Approved by members of the Foreign Affairs and Defence

Committee of Cabinet in 1966.

Service Personnel Policy Branch

March 1977

ANNEXATO DI(AF) ADMIN 10-11

RETURNED FROM ACTIVE SERVICE BADGE-CONDITIONS OF QUALIFYING SERVICE

Korea (1 July 1950-27 July 1953)

1. To quaUly for the AAS Badge for service in operations in Korea a member must have, between 1 July 1950 and 27 July 1953 inclusive:

a. served one day or more on the posted strength of a unit or formation on land in Korea;

b. ca rried out one operational sortie over Korea or Korean waters;

c. served 28 days or more afloal in Korean waters; or

d. served al least 30 days, continuous or aggregated, on official visits, inspections or other occurrences of a similar nature on temporary duty In Korea, or in ships or craM engaged in operations off the Korean coast.

The term 'Korean waters' in this conlex1 means those areas of the Yellow Sea and the Sea 01 Japan on or over which It was necessary to operate in support of operations in Korea.

2. Only aircrew members who were on the posted strength of an operational squadron actively engaged in immediate support of operations in Korea may qualify for the RAS Badge in accordance with paragraph l .b. Aircrew or other personnel who travelled as passengers in aircraft engaged in such flights are ineligible.

3. Service in Japan. Service on land in Japan, or on the way to Japan from anywhere outside Korea or Korean water, will not be qualifying service for the award of the RAS Badge.

Malaya (19 June 1950--31 July 1960)

4. To qualify for the RAS Badge for service during the Malayan Emergency a member must have:

a. been on permanent assignment to a unit participating in the anti-bandit operations in Malaya and served within the limits of, or on Ihe waters immediately adjacent thereto. or in the air over, the Federation of Malaya or the Colony of Singapore for any period from 19 June 1950 until 31 July 1960 or on Labuan Island !rom 8 March 1951 to 7 June 1957 inclusive;

b. served one day or more on the posted strength of a unit or formation stationed In the Federation 01 Malaya between 17 August 1955 and 31 July 1960 inclusive, or in the Colony of Singapore between 17 August 1955 and 31 January 1959 or on Labuan Island from 8 March 1951 to 7 June 1957 inclusive;

c. served as an aircrew member on the posted strength of a unit or formation in the Colony 01 Singapore and carried out one operational sortie over the Federation of Malaya between 17 August 1955 and 31 July 1960. or over Labuan Island between 8 March 1951 to 7 June 1957 inclusive; or

d. served at least 30 days continuous or aggregate, on official visits, inspections or other occurrences of a similar nature on temporary duty wlth a unit of the Strategic Reserve in the Federation of Malaya between 17 August 1955 and 31 July 1960 inclusive . or in the Colony of Singapore between 17 August 1955 and 31 January 1959 or on Labuan Island between 8 March 1951 to 7 June 1957 inclusive.

5. To qualify under the conditions of paragraph 4.b., members must have been employed on duties In support of operations in Malaya; service on the posted strength of a qualifying unit or formation, while in transit for duty outside the qualifying unit or formation, while in transit for duty outside the qualifying area. will nOI be qualifying service lor the award of the RAS Badge.

ADMIN 3/96 AL2 12 FEB 96

Text of legal advising

APPENDIX 7 TEXT OF LEGAL ADVISING

Appendix 7–1

Text of legal advising

Appendix 7–2

Chronology

APPENDIX 8

CHRONOLOGY OF KEY EVENTS

Date Event

1 September 1951 ANZUS Treaty signed.

27 July 1953 Armistice effective at 2200 hrs.

30 July 1953 2 RAR and 3 RAR both withdraw from Jamestown Line to Kansas Line, returning to salvage defensive stores from the Hook through August.

3 August 1953 3 RAR permanent camp at Area 6 north of the Imjin River (see Map Overlay 4A, Chapter 5). 2 RAR moves into Peace Camp south of Imjin.

5 August 1953 Start of Prisoner of War exchanges (OPERATION BIG SWITCH)

29 August 1953 60th Indian Field Ambulance leaves Division to join Indian Custodial Force.

6 September 1953 OPERATION FINDER commences, recovering CCF bodies.

21 September 1953 North Korean pilot flies MiG 15 to Seoul and defects.

14 October 1953 UK explodes its first operational atomic bomb near Woomera.

24 October 1953 The French battalion departs Korea for Indo-China.

23 November 1953 40 guerrillas attack town near Masan, killing 4 policemen and burning several buildings.

19 December 1953 KATCOM revolt in 2 RAR—returned to ROK Army.

21 December 1953 News report that the North Koreans are using explosives to create tunnels under the DMZ.

26 December 1953 US decides drawdown of forces and announces drawdown of two of six Army/USMC divisions in Korea, with a further two by the end of 1954.

23 February 1954 Indian troops of the Repatriation Commission and Custodial Force depart Korea.

March 1954 Viet Minh forces surround the French garrison at Dien Bien Phu in northern Vietnam.

15 March 1954 77 Squadron RAAF moves from Kimpo (K14) to Kunsan (K8) and takes on a new secondary role of ground attack in addition to their role of air interception.

3 April 1954 1 RAR arrives Tokchong railhead and moves to Kansas Line, taking over from 2 RAR at Peace Camp (no overlap – 1 RAR departs on same transport).

6 April 1954 2 RAR departs Korea, returning to Australia.

26 April – June 1954 External Affairs Minister Casey attends Geneva talks on Korean peace settlement. Talks fail: ROK president applauds failure.

May 1954 ROK President Syngman Rhee threatens to recommence hostilities. French garrison surrenders at Dien Bien Phu.

18 May 1954 Air Alert Red when communist aircraft flies over Seoul.

16 June 1954 South Korean Foreign Minister says South Korea no longer obliged to abide by Armistice and is free to take any action it wants.

July 1954 Dr Syngman Rhee threatens to end the Armistice after 26 July 1954.

27 July 1954 Period of eligibility for United Nations Service Medal ends.

Appendix 8–1

Chronology

19 August 1954 US announces withdrawal of four of the six Army/USMC divisions in Korea, over ROK objections.

8 September 1954 SEATO founded, less than two months after agreements reached at the Geneva Conference paved the way for the French withdrawal from Indochina.

12 October 1954 77 Squadron RAAF moves from Kunsan to Iwakuni, Japan.

23 October 1954 US talks with ROK President Syngman Rhee on aid and currency matters fail.

5 November 1954 Main HQ 1 Commonwealth Division moved to the rear Divisional area in preparation for handover and force reduction.

8 November 1954 1 RAR takes over new Kansas Line positions under command of 29 British Infantry Brigade [the new 1 British Commonwealth Division, minus]. 28 Brigade disbands, hands over units to 29 Brigade and area to 28 ROK Division. 25 Canadian Infantry Brigade departs Korea.

9 November 1954 3 RAR departs Korea, returning to Australia (Ingleburn NSW). 16 Field Regiment RNZA departs.

10 November 1954 77 Squadron RAAF sails for Australia.

14 November 1954 4th Battalion Canadian Guards Regiment and D Squadron Royal Canadian Dragoons depart.

15 November 1954 Major General Murray hands over command to Brigadier Musson and departs.

16 November 1954 29 British Infantry Brigade disbands; 1 British Commonwealth Division reduces to Brigade strength but retains its title.

20 November 1954 US 8th Army main HQ moves from Japan to Seoul.

22 November 1954 The 24th US Artillery Division is withdrawn to Japan. This represented a major part of the US artillery force in Korea.

December 1954 1 RAR completes building and occupies Camp Gallipoli.

31 January 1955 End-date for eligibility for veterans’ benefits under US ‘Korean Conflict GI Bill’.

1 February 1955 Operational control of 36 Squadron transferred to HQ US Far East Air Force, delegated to 5th Air Force.

13 March 1955 36 (Transport) Squadron ceases to function from Iwakuni in order to reform at Canberra.

April 1955 The last Philippines Company withdraws from Korea.

31 April 1955 91 Wing and 391 Base Squadron disbanded at Iwakuni. RAAF Transport Flight (Japan) is the only RAAF unit left in Japan/Korea.

15 June 1955 The Belgian Infantry Company (including Luxemburg detachment) withdraws from Korea.

22 June 1955 2 North Korean pilots defect to Seoul Airport in a YAK-18 (single-engined monoplane with light bomb racks).

Appendix 8–2

Chronology

8 August 1955 South Korea experiences protests and demonstrations against the presence of the Communist members of the Neutral Nations Supervisory Committee (NNSC). ROK President Syngman Rhee demands Communist NNSC members leave South Korea.

10 August 1955 More demonstrations against NNSC. 22 American soldiers injured in protective action so far. At Inchon, several hundred US soldiers turn back with tear gas some 1,200 railway workers and 300 demonstrators who try to storm the truce inspectors’ compound on Wolmi-do.

26 August 1955 Military Board reports to the Minister on the state of the Army, concluding that due to strength and enlistment shortfalls, 1 RAR in Korea cannot be maintained at strength after this month.

18 October 1955 OPERATION GLORY at Pusan War Cemetery – reinterment of war dead.

27 October 1955 South Korea experiences further protests and demonstrations against the presence of Communist members of the NNSC in South Korea.

11 December 1955 Greek Expeditionary Force withdraws from Korea.

24 March 1956 1 RAR departs from Inchon, returning to Australia (Enoggera QLD).

March 1956 CCK (Battalion group) established to take over from 1 British Commonwealth Division minus. Comprises British, Australian, Canadian and NZ elements.

15 March 1956 1 British Commonwealth Division ceases functioning, along with the Divisional Signals Regiment.

26 April 1956 CCK Signals Squadron personnel begin arriving at Inchon.

15 May 1956 CCK Signals Squadron takes over Commonwealth communications tasks.

16 May 1956 UK carries out nuclear test at Monte Bello Islands, NW Australia.

7 June 1956 Czechoslovakian and Polish members withdraw from Neutral Nations Supervisory Committee, precipitating its collapse.

1 July 1956 Administrative and non-operational control of British Commonwealth Forces Korea passes to UK (GHQ FARELF) in Singapore.

27 September 1956 UK carries out nuclear test at Maralinga, SA.

31 October 1956 UK and France begin military action to gain control of the Suez Canal.

4 November 1956 Withdrawal of British Commonwealth Base from Japan. Main body of Australian troops sails from Kure. Hungarian uprising crushed by Soviet troops.

22 November 1956 Melbourne Olympic Games open.

23 November 1956 Headquarters BCFK Kure closes.

25 November 1956 Commanding Officer of BCFK Kure departs from Japan.

22 December 1956 Evacuation of British troops from Suez Canal Zone completed. Anglo-American relations damaged by US pressure to cease military action.

8 April 1957 Australia declares that since the UK contingent of BCC is departing Korea, then so is the Australian commitment.

8 July 1957 BCFK disbands.

26 August 1957 Australian signals contingent leaves CCK.

November 1957 Last communications link to Singapore closed down. CCK Signals Squadron operations cease.

Appendix 8–3

Chronology

Appendix 8–4

Bibliography

APPENDIX 9 BIBLIOGRAPHY Bercuson, David, Blood on the hills: the Canadian Army in the Korean War (University of Toronto Press, 1999) Blair, Clay, The forgotten war: America in Korea, 1950–1953 (Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, 2003) Blaxland, John, Signals swift and sure: a history of the Royal Australian Corps of Signals 1947–1972 (RACS Corps Committee, 1998) Catchpole, Brian, The Korean War 1950–53 (Constable, London, 2000) Clarke, the Hon. M J, QC et al, Report of the Review of Veterans’ Entitlements (Canberra, 2003) Delbridge, A et al (eds), The Macquarie Dictionary, Revised Third Edition (The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd, Sydney, 2003) Dennis, Peter et al, The Oxford companion to Australian military history (OUP, Melbourne, 1995) Department of Defence, ADF Pay and Conditions Manual (Defence Publishing Service, Canberra, 2005) Department of Defence, Campaign and operational medals awarded to the Australian Defence Force (Defence Publishing Service, Canberra, 2003) Department of Veterans’ Affairs, Cancer Study 2003: Australian veterans of the Korean War (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra, 2003) Department of Veterans’ Affairs, Nominal roll of Australian veterans of the Korean War (Canberra, 2000) Department of Veterans’ Affairs, Mortality Study 2003: Australian veterans of the Korean War (Canberra, 2003) Eaton, Hamish B, Something extra: the story of 28 Commonwealth Brigade in Korea (1993) Farrar-Hockley, General Sir Anthony, The British part in the Korean War [Official History]; Volume II: An honourable discharge (HMSO, London, 1995) Futrell, R F, The United States Air Force in Korea 1950–53 (Duell, Sloan and Pearce, New York, 1961) Gration, General Peter, AC OBE (Chairman) et al, Report of the Committee of Inquiry into Defence Awards (Department of Defence, Canberra, 1994) Grey, Jeffrey, The Commonwealth Armies and the Korean War (Manchester University Press, Manchester, 1988) Hermes, Walter G, United States Army in the Korean War: Truce Tent and Fighting Front (Office of the Chief of Military History, US Army, Fort Myer, reprint 1970) Horner, David, Defence supremo: Sir Frederick Shedden and the making of Australian defence policy (Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 2000)

Appendix 9–1

Bibliography

Horner, David, Strategic Command: General Sir John Wilton and Australia's Asian Wars (OUP, Melbourne, 2005) McGibbon, Ian, New Zealand and the Korean War [Official History] (OUP, Auckland, 1996) Maton, Michael, The national honours and awards of Australia (Kangaroo Press, Kenthurst, 1995) Mohr, Mr Justice the Hon. R F, Review of service entitlement anomalies in respect of South-East Asian service 1955–75 (Defence Publishing Service, Canberra, 2000) Odgers, George, Remembering Korea: Australians in the war of 1950–53 (Lansdowne, Sydney, 2000) O’Neill, Robert, Australia in the Korean War 1950–53. Volume I: Strategy and diplomacy. Volume II: Combat operations (AGPS, Canberra, 1981 and 1985) Sim, Malcolm, Health Study 2005: Australian veterans of the Korean War (Monash University, Melbourne, 2005) Stephens, Alan, Going solo: the Royal Australian Air Force, 1946–1971 (AGPS, Canberra, 1995) The War History Compilations Committee, History of UN Forces in the Korean War, Volume 3 (Ministry of National Defense, ROK, 1974) Thorgrimsson, Thor & Russell, E C, Canadian naval operations in Korean waters, 1950–1955 (Ministry for National Defense, Ottawa, 1965) Toose, the Hon. Mr Justice P B, CBE, Report of the Independent Enquiry into the Repatriation System (AGPS, Canberra, 1975) UK Ministry of Defence, Historical Branch (Naval), Naval Staff History B.R.1735(54): British Commonwealth Naval Operations, Korea, 1950–53 (HMSO, London, 1967)

Vatcher, William H Jr, Panmunjom: the story of Korean military Armistice negotiations (Frederick A Prager Inc, New York, 1958)

Wood, Herbert, Strange battleground: official history of the Canadian Army in Korea (Ministry for National Defense, Ottawa, 1966)

Appendix 9–2